AT 2.1 Case Study Report NOVIUM MUSEUM, CHICHESTER KEITH WILLIAMS ARCHITECTS
Justin Bilinskas 3344584
Chichester
The Woolstaplers
Chapel street
Tower street
West st
reet
N
Located on Tower Street in the centre of Chichester, The Novium has been purposely built above the remains of a Roman bath house. The baths date from the1st Century AD. The new museum spans the remains of the baths which have been incorporated into the main entrance hall and gallery as a permanent exhibit and an essential part of a museum.
Ground floor plan
N
First floor plan
N
Second floor plan
N
Section
N East side section
Foundations
In order to make a sturdy structure as well as protecting the ruins multiple type of foundations were used. Strip foundations were cast around the ruins. Pile foundations were used to give support to large open spaces and raft foundations were used to connect all the structure together.
N
Primary structure
Pre-cast concrete is used to construct outside walls. With the proposed development on the North side and existing building on the South side pre-cast concrete blocks are joint in to long walls. Boiler room, lift and fire escape staircase walls also are made from concrete.
Roof structure
N
There are two concrete beams holding the roof. It allows to have a large open plan space suitable for exhibitions.
Cladding When designing the building architect identified imported pale stone as main materials used in the key buildings such as the cathedral and market cross.
Cathedral
Reconstituted stone panels with suppressed joints
Market cross
Dead loads
Live loads
Construction sequence
Draw a plan, (typical floor) and section indicating the primary structural
N
Foundations
Construction sequence
N
Ground floor
Construction sequence
N
First floor
Construction sequence
N
Second floor
Construction sequence
N
Secondary beams
Construction sequence
N
Insulation
Construction sequence
N
Membrane
Construction sequence
N
Roof
Construction sequence
N
Cladding
Cathedral window detail
One of the stand out features of the building is the Cathedral window. Large structural glass panels opens the view to the town.
Cathedral window construction detail
Concrete wall
Cathedral window construction detail
Vapour control layer
Cathedral window construction detail
10mm air space
Cathedral window construction detail
EPS insulation board
Cathedral window construction detail
Render finish
Cathedral window construction detail
Coping
Cathedral window construction detail
Steel support
Cathedral window construction detail
Insulation
Cathedral window construction detail
Waterproof insulation
Cathedral window construction detail
Gutter
Cathedral window construction detail
Steel support
Cathedral window construction detail
Structural glass
Cathedral window construction detail
Block-work
Cathedral window construction detail
Adhesive
Cathedral window construction detail
Cellular glass
Cathedral window construction detail
Bituminous membrane
Cathedral window construction detail
VM zinc cladding
Cathedral window construction detail
Coping
Cathedral window construction detail
Structural glass joined together
Cathedral window construction detail
Silicon filled gaps
Cathedral window construction detail
Window section
Means of escape
There are two staircases on opposite sides of the building used to evacuate the building in case of emergency.
Fire strategy
Escape routes on the ground floor.
Fire strategy
Escape routes on the first floor.
Fire strategy
Escape routes on the second floor.
Travel distances 12 m
15 m
Travel distances on the ground floor.
Travel distances
Travel distances
Travel distances on the first floor.
Travel distances
Travel distances
Travel distances on the second floor.
Smoke alarm
Ground floor
Smoke alarm point Fire extinguisher
Smoke alarm
First floor
Smoke alarm point Fire extinguisher
Smoke alarm
The reason that the two smoke alarms are so close to each other on the first floor is that there is a glass screen separating Library and the Research room.
Smoke alarm
Second floor
Smoke alarm point Fire extinguisher
Compartment zones
Compartment zones on the ground floor.
Compartment zones
Compartment zones on the first floor.
Compartment zones
Compartment zones on the ground floor.
Fire doors
Fire doors on the ground floor.
Fire doors
Fire doors on the first floor.
Fire doors
Fire doors on the second floor.
Fire doors
The fire door on the ground floor between the Roman hall and the main staircase leading to the first floor is open as it is being constantly used as main visitor flow. In case of fire alarm door is fitted with automatic closing mechanism to stop the flames from spreading.
Protected corridors
Protected corridors on the ground floor.
Protected corridors
Protected corridors on the first floor.
Protected corridors
Protected corridors on the second floor.
Sun path
N
Natural lighting
N
Natural lighting on the ground floor.
Natural lighting
N
Natural lighting on the first floor.
Natural lighting
N
Natural lighting on the second floor.
Lighting control systems
• All the openings within the exhibition or office spaces have built in blinds. • The windows in the staircases and fire exit have no controls.
First floor.
Artificial lighting
The lights in spaces with natural light source are florescent. Maintenance and storage spaces are lit with florescent lighting too.
Artificial lighting
All the exhibitions are lit with halogen spotlights. The downside of using halogen spotlights is that it produces a yellow light but it can be used to highlight qualities of the exhibition.
Plant room
Plant room is located on the east side of the building on the ground floor.
Lift
Lift is used for people as well as goods transportation
Heating
The building is heated by burning wood pellets in the biomass boiler.
Heating
Plan of the heating system.
Heating
Main exhibitions spaces on the first and second floors have an underfloor heating installed. All the other spaces are heated through radiators.
• Estimated annual CO2 emissions 24.9kg/m • BREEAM rating Very Good
Ventilation
Most of the fresh air comes through mechanical exhaust vents.
Ventilation
The kitchenette on the first floor has a manual fan.
Ventilation
Most of the roof-lights have a automatic opening mechanism. It can be used to release the rising hot air and cool the building.
Acoustics
• East side is next to residential building. Main staircase is on the outside of the building. No noise from outside could possibly reach the main exhibition spaces as it is behind at least two concrete walls and various insulations. • South side of the building is facing the quiet road and pre-cast concrete walls are enough to stop most of the noise coming in. • West side is currently empty but there is a planning permission to erect a residential building. • North side is facing cul-de-sac which is used mainly by the museum staff or services.
N
• All door have sound preventing seals. • Exhibition spaces on the first and second floors have sound dampening panels on the ceilings. • Main exhibition rooms have a acoustic plasterboard finish to stop the sound from coming in from other rooms. • Learning room has a carpet floor to stop the sound from reaching offices which are placed directly below.
Internal spaces
1
1. Museum shop 2. Reception 3. Loan collection 4. Toilets 5. Roman Hall 6. Lift 7. Loading bay 8. Plant room 9. Bike store 10. Hopper room 11. Roman ruins
3 2
4 5
6 7 8 9
11
Ground floor
10
Internal spaces
6
7 8 9
5 4
2
10
3
1
11 First floor
1. Gallery 2. Main exhibition 3. Library 4. Research room 5. Office 6. Manager’s office 7. Staff room 8. Server room 9. Lift 10. Collection storage 11. Workshop
Internal spaces
3
4
5
6 7
2
1
Second floor
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Cathedral view Permanent gallery Learning room Storage area Loan collection Toilets Lift
Overall environmental strategy
Lobby/Entrance area and shop. This area gets maximum light from the glass faรงade.
Overall environmental strategy
The front faรงade of the building faces east therefore the large glass windows in the front let indirect light in, this allows the museum to create ambience with artificial lighting. This creates a dramatic effect and creates depth to the existing Roman ruins.
Overall environmental strategy
The plant and hopper rooms located to the rear of the structure require no natural light therefore there are no windows here, instead ventilation grates are employed here to allow sufficient cooling for the machines and services.
Overall environmental strategy
The toilets and cleaning cupboard are together next to the stairwell so to keep the services within the same area. There is no need for windows here. Air exchange is provided via ceiling extractor fans.
Overall environmental strategy
Due to the concrete faรงade on the front of the building, lighting for the library and research area is provided via three fixed roof lights. There are also ventilation grates in the ceiling for air exchange.
Overall environmental strategy
Gallery has a fixed roof light and 8 motion lights angled toward wall exhibits.
Overall environmental strategy
Main gallery is the internal showcase gallery. There are no windows here and light is provided from motion spot lights fixed on the ceiling. Exhibits here benefit from the absence of natural light as they may deteriorate faster in uncontrolled conditions.
Overall environmental strategy
The offices and staff room have a large 4m span window which is east facing and allows sufficient natural light in throughout the day to appropriate office working and computer based tasks.
Overall environmental strategy
To the rear of the building is a room for storage of museum exhibits and also items being restored in the adjacent workshop. There are no windows in this area. This is to prevent item deterioration in sunlight. The room is kept dry through a visible ventilation system.
Overall environmental strategy
The learning room is lit through a fixed roof light and also the floor to ceiling windows that also allow access to the first floor roof services The are no windows in the actual walls of the room to allow a blank canvas for image projection, to aid in teaching and presentations.
Overall environmental strategy
The gallery again has no windows and minimal natural lighting. Ambience is created using motion ceiling spotlights. This creates an atmosphere within the room to enhance the history of the exhibits.
Overall environmental strategy
The cathedral viewing space is a glass box in which people can observe the nearby built environment. Ventilation and heating is provided from floor grates parallel to the ceiling height windows.
Overall environmental strategy
The service void space also allows light the penetrate down a central shaft to the ground floor. Roof lights are also positioned here on the first floor roof to allow light in the double stairwell leading to the ground floor.
Energy conservation
Toilet taps are motion controlled to stop unnecessary water usage.
Outside thermometer is used to determine the right heating requirements.
Motion sensors control some of the lights.
Every radiator has inbuilt switch to control heat levels.
User comfort systems 300 mm clearance on from door to the wall for wheelchair to successfully clear the disabled toilet.
Elevator
Refuge point
Second floor
Elevator
Elevator
Refuge point Refuge point
Disabled toilet
Ground level
First floor
User comfort systems Minimum space requirements for the disabled toilet according to building regulations.
Disabled access requires door widths to be accessible by the disabled by fitting appropriate size door to be easy manoeuvrable between rooms and corridors. This is the table from the building regulations with the illustration of the disabled toilet on the ground floor. Diagram above illustrates standards of the disabled toilets according to building regulations.
Waste recycling
The main recycle point is located on the ground floor at the back of the building. It contains general waste and paper recycling containers.
Waste recycling
Rain water is not collected or reused and it runs directly to the main drainage line of Chesterfield.
Lifespan • The projected lifespan of the building is 60 years. • Ground floor surface is tiles so it should last for a long time and could possible be tiled over if necessary. • All exhibition space floors are constructed of interlocking wood panels which could be replaced if damaged. Floor cavity vent
• Offices and Learning room have carpet floor which could be potentially replaced. • There are special cavities under the floor for potential services expansion. • Only downside is the exposed bare concrete walls. If damaged all the walls would have to be painted over and it would seriously change the identity of the design. Floor panels
Potential recycling
• Main building material is prefabricated concrete panels which potentially could be reused. • Floor board are made from interlocking small panels. • Large windows could be cut to size and reused.
Conclusion APPEARANCE - although there were strong feelings among the locals about the potential alien looks of the building within the old town of Chichester I think once everyone seen the completed building they changed their opinion. It is a nice building to look at and wonderful space to be in. Even if the main cladding material is not brick as in surrounding buildings Keith Williams managed to create a vernacular look using reconstituted stone panels. Pre-cast concrete panels do not make the inside of the building looking cold, even the opposite as concrete is much warmer in colour than plain concrete. The colour of the concrete and the harm glow of spotlight create a warm feeling. LIGHTING - architect was keen on using a lot of openings to let natural light in. But as this particular building is used as a museum most of the time all the blinds are shut. CATHEDRAL VIEW - it really stands out from the rest of the building. As I understand it was added to main design as a compromise for parish as they would not have approved the planning permission. I am sure Keith Williams spent a lot of time deciding on the best solution but the final design still fells very separated from the other spaces. IMPROVEMENTS - the building has been opened to the public just this summer and its hard to find big flaws within. It feels that some storage spaces are way too big for staffs needs but maybe when more time will pass they will be eager to find more space for storage. Maybe it would be possible to reuse rain water or install solar panels. Of-course if the locals will agree.
References www.architectsjournal.co.uk/buildings/box-of-tricks-the-novium-chichester/8634951.article+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk http://pawam.chichester.gov.uk/WAM/showCaseFile.do?appType=planning&appNumber=08%2F03201%2FREG3 http://www.arcspace.com/features/keith-williams-architects/the-novium/ http://keithwilliamsarchitects.com/media/site_media/pdfs/212_the_novium_chichester_museum.pdf