Master Plan THE CITY OF KALAMAZOO
imagine kalamazoo 2025
Photo Credit Neal Conway
Contents Welcome!
4
Connected City
18
Downtown Life
62
Great Neighborhoods
94
Imagine Kalamazoo at Work
132
“I want to see Kalamazoo [as] a city that is not only accepting of differences, but actively encourages diversity in everything� - Kalamazoo Resident
Welcome! Cities do not become great by accident. It is the hard work of visioning, planning, and aligning that moves the needle from plan to action. To create a master plan is to look into the future of a city and imagine what tomorrow could be. With that in mind, Kalamazoo embarked on this Master Plan update with the most intense engagement strategy possible, reaching out into the community in new and exciting ways. This Master Plan was informed by the many voices heard through Imagine Kalamazoo (IK 2025). By participating in open houses, community picnics, Art Hops, and online surveys, people from every neighborhood contributed ideas about places, programs, policies, investments, and communal goals and values that are important to them. Together, a vision was created to enhance quality of life for all, embrace how diversity strengthens Kalamazoo, and seek continuous community engagement. As a united community, oriented around action like never before, Kalamazooans imagined a more prosperous and equitable City - a more beautiful, livable, innovative, and connected City.
The Master Plan is for the people who live, work, and visit Kalamazoo. It is also for those who will make up the community of Kalamazoo in the future - not only our children but also the new people who will arrive for education or job opportunities and make Kalamazoo their home. Photo credit: Christina Anderson
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INTRODUCTION
What is the Master Plan?
developers. The vision detailed in this document
The Master Plan shapes the City’s future built
will provide the foundation for updating regulations
environment by guiding growth and development,
and policies, including the Zoning Ordinance and
preserving Kalamazoo’s unique character, and
the Complete Streets Policy, and set priorities for
enhancing Kalamazoo’s neighborhoods. This
infrastructure and improvement projects in streets
City-wide document primarily focuses on land
and parks.
development and transportation issues. It sets the City-wide vision and works to achieve it through
Development Community. The Master Plan is a
the City’s policies, regulations, and planning efforts.
must-read for anyone interested in developing
It provides direction for City staff, boards and
in Kalamazoo. The Future Land Development
commissions, consultants, and contractors that are
Plan details the type and scale of development
working with the City on projects and policies. The
envisioned by the community. The City will review
Master Plan is reviewed at five-year intervals and
all proposed projects through the lens of the Master
updated at least every 10 years, thus providing a
Plan.
relevant guide to all who use it. Residents. Residents are critical stakeholders in Who is the Master Plan for?
this document. Kalamazoo residents comprise the
The Master Plan is a policy and action driven
membership of boards and commissions critical
document. Its responsibility for implementation
to Master Plan implementation, particularly the
falls on not only City staff, but also residents, the
Planning Commission who will use this document to
development community, and community partners.
review development requests. Whether serving on a board or participating in neighborhood planning
City. The Master Plan will shape actions ranging
and discussions, residents are guardians of this
from the City Commission’s review of priority-based
document.
budgeting (PBB) to staff discussions with potential
Each phase of IK 2025 included opportunities for community members to define the direction of the City and identify the challenges and opportunities to achieving this vision. As each person gave us input in their own way, staff developed a framework to organize the input using five categories: values, goal, direction, action, or metric (measurement).
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INTRODUCTION
Neighborhood Leaders. The health and success of
throughout the City at community-wide events
our neighborhoods are critical to the City’s overall
and in neighborhoods. The City partnered with
health. Understanding this, the Master Plan focuses
neighborhood leaders, local businesses, nonprofits,
on raising all neighborhoods up to enhance the
religious institutions, and residents to spread the word
quality of life of residents and each neighborhood’s
about IK 2025 events. Outreach tools were wide-
unique vision. The Great Neighborhoods section
ranging: City staff knocked on doors, left flyers in
of this document provides a road map for future
little free libraries, published notes in neighborhood
neighborhood planning efforts and steps the City can
newsletters, and engaged through social media. At
engage to support the neighborhood vision.
the end of the process, the Public Participation Plan was written as a guide for anyone looking to engage.
Partners. The City cannot achieve the goals of this
The Plan is an appendix to the City’s Strategic Vision.
document on its own. To move forward, the City must partner with local and state organizations,
All meetings were open to the community’s input on
local colleges and universities, and the business
any topic at any time. Volunteers (including Spanish
community, many of who played key roles in IK 2025.
translators and American sign language interpreters),
Only together will the vision of a prosperous and
City staff brought maps, sample photographs,
equitable City can realized.
markers, notepads and sticky notes made providing input easier.
How was community input received? IK 2025 was a unique, community-focused engagement process. Meetings were held
Photo credit: Rebekah Kik
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Photo credit: Northside Ministerial Alliance
imagine kalamazoo 2025
INTRODUCTION
Where did my comment go?
Each phase of IK 2025 narrowed the direction of
As you read through the Master Plan, you may ask
input, leading to more detailed information and
yourself, “where did my comment go?� The purpose
the development of specific actions. The plans
of IK 2025 was to create an opportunity to discuss all
developed out of IK 2025 all relate to one another,
aspects of City services operating at all levels. Input
creating a holistic implementation strategy.
came into the City through many different channels of communication, including email, surveys, discussions,
The Strategic Vision states the goals for the entire
maps, and drawings. Because every venue over
City. The Master Plan creates policy direction for land
the 16-month IK 2025 process offered up new
development and transportation, including zoning
conversations, City staff spent months sorting through
and policy updates to implement the vision.
the communications received. The graphic below illustrates how different comments were organized for
The Neighborhood Plans give specific direction on
plan inclusion and implementation.
where, what, and when it is done in each geographic area. Neighborhood Plans are detailed in the Great Neighborhoods section of this document.
Where Did My Comment Go? PHASES
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Imagine Kalamazoo 2025 Imagine Kalamazoo 2025 responds to Citywide needs and invites ongoing community engagement.
2016
2017 Engagement Stages
Design It
Imagine It
Plan It
Through traveling presentations,
Initial themes were discussed and
City staff traveled to neighborhoods to
pop-up engagement, Meetings on
prioritized. Focus began to turn
engage residents on issues important
the Go, surveys, living walls, and
to specific topics and policies to
to their neighborhood.
online engagement Kalamazoo
address housing, safe transportation,
residents outlined their vision for
environmental improvements, and
2025
economic mobility.
Initial themes:
Citywide goal priorities:
Neighborhood focuses:
•
Opportunity
•
Impacting poverty
•
•
Equity
•
Early childhood services (non-
complete streets policy, updated
•
Vibrancy
• •
profit and governmental)
non-motorized transportation map,
Friendliness
•
Healthcare access
reduce development barriers,
Connectivity
•
Criminal justice reform
•
Cultural Diversity
•
Collaboration
•
Land Use/ Transportation:
Accessibility
•
Employment and
form-based code •
Shared Prosperity/Economic
entrepreneurial support
Development Strategy:
•
Safer neighborhoods
entrepreneurship, local hiring,
•
Variety of housing
local business support, youth
•
Infrastructure - disability-
development, workforce development
friendly; alternative transportation
•
Climate Action Plan:
•
Open space
weatherization, extreme weather
•
Healthy neighborhoods, active
readiness, food security
living •
•
Attainable Housing Strategy: ensure everyone has quality
Vision Zero – No pedestrian
housing
deaths on our streets •
Complete Neighborhoods: equity
•
4- season downtown
•
Daily needs in neighborhoods
and quality of life, invest in open
•
Streetscape enhancement
space, arts & culture
•
Public art
•
Inclusive activities
The outreach to establish the vision of Kalamazoo for the next 10 years was formed through the IK 2025 process. Over 16 months, the community provided input through surveys, art, City-wide and neighborhood meetings, and one-on-one conversations. IK 2025 built upon itself during its three engagement phases - Imagine It, Plan It, and Design It - each time confirming what was heard and asking for more detail.
By the Numbers Vision Alignment Focused group discussions confirmed major themes and helped to plan alignment with the Strategic Vision.
Strategic Vision Goals fall into the
520 Meeting on the Go participants
1056 survey respondents
following categories: •
Shared Prosperity
•
Connected City
•
Inviting Public Places
•
Environmental Responsibility
•
Safe Community
•
Youth Development
•
Complete Neighborhoods
•
Strength through Diversity
•
Economic Vitality
•
Good Governance
The Master Plan works to achieve the Strategic Goals & IK 2025 vision.
163 online engagements
1056 living and graffiti wall comments
4058
1263 meeting participants
points of contact
INTRODUCTION
Strategic Vision Alignment The first document to result from the IK 2025 process was the City’s Strategic Vision. The Strategic Vision shapes the work of the City, both internally for staff and externally to represent the community’s needs. It guides all plans created by the City, including this Master Plan, as a means to implement the community’s vision.
Connected City. A city that is networked for walking, biking, riding, and driving. Inviting Public Places. Parks, arts, culture, and vibrant streets. Environmental Responsibility. A green and healthy city. Safe Community. A community where it is safe to live, work, bike, drive, walk, and play. Youth Development. A city with places and supports that help young people thrive.
Community Themes
Complete Neighborhoods. Residential areas that
Three themes emerged early in the IK 2025 process.
support the full range of people’s daily needs.
These themes became the base of the Strategic
Strength Through Diversity. An inclusive city where
Vision and guided the later phases of IK 2025
everyone feels at home.
engagement. The three themes can be found woven
Economic Vitality. A supportive infrastructure for
throughout the Master Plan.
growing businesses and stabilizing the local economy to the benefit of all.
Connected & Accessible Community. Successful
Good Governance. A City organization with the
communities develop strong connections between a
capacity and resources to effectively implement the
diverse range of people and places.
community’s vision in a sustainable way.
Equity & Opportunity for All. Limited resources and opportunities must be shared; all people from every
Plan Alignment
neighborhood share in decision-making processes.
As the Master Plan is a primary tool for achieving the
Vibrant & Friendly Environment. It is vital that we
StrategicVision, the strategic goals arewoven throughout.
protect and improve the quality of our local natural
The table to the right details the critical areas of overlap.
environment, and create strong communities
This table is repeated in Imagine Kalamazoo at Work
with targeted, place-based, community-driven
(see Section 5), which serves as the work plan for this
investments.
document. The goals and actions of this document are organized using the StrategicVision to ensure alignment.
Strategic Vision The Strategic Vision is the overarching vision for the City. Its guidance of all future City work, starts with Master Plan. The Strategic Vision goals are as follows: Shared Prosperity. Abundant opportunities for people to achieve shared prosperity.
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INTRODUCTION
Good Governance
Economic Vitality
Strength Through Diversity
Complete Neighborhoods
Youth Development
Safe Community
Environmental Responsibility
Inviting Public Places
Connected City
Shared Prosperity
Strategic Vision Goals
Strategic Vision & Master Plan Alignment
SP CC IPP ER SC YD CN SD EV GG
Master Plan Sections Connected City Components of a Connected City Strategic Framework
Great Neighborhoods Complete Neighborhoods Neighborhood Plans Zoning as a Strength Neighborhood Networks Parks & Recreation Historic Neighborhoods
• • • • • • • •
• •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
•
Downtown Life Downtown Networks Downtown Zoning Marketing Arts & Activities for All
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • •
The Strategic Vision Goals align with the sections of the Master Plan as noted in this matrix.
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INTRODUCTION
Master Plan The Master Plan takes the approach of viewing land use and transportation planning as two halves of the
Beyond land use and transportation, Connected City
same whole. Only when working in concert, will the
also considers infrastructure needs. Understanding how
community vision be realized. Using this approach to
development, transportation, and infrastructure overlap
shape the future built environment is demonstrated
allows the City to most efficiently manage its capacity to
in each section of this document, from laying out
support the needs of its residents now and in the future.
the Strategic Framework to enhancing our great neighborhoods.
Section Two: Downtown Life. Downtown Kalamazoo serves as the entertainment,
Section One: Connected City
commercial, and employment center for southwest
The Connected City aims to create the vibrant,
Michigan. It is also one of Kalamazoo’s 22
well-loved places envisioned for Kalamazoo and
neighborhoods, with a growing residential population
re-establish the community between residents and
and expanding employment opportunities. To support
neighborhoods.
growth on all fronts, the concept of a connected city is focused on Downtown. Recognizing the continued
Land Use and Transportation.
interest in priorities like the conversion of one-way
This document recognizes that great care must
streets and the improvement of transit and bicycle
be taken to direct land development in a way
connections, recommendations are made for both the
that promotes connectivity and recognizes its
public realm (streets) and land development.
transportation needs. This is balanced with the desire of promoting shared prosperity, protecting neighborhoods, supporting affordable housing, and
“Every increment of construction should be
preserving open space.
done in such a way as to heal the city.” The Land Use and Transportation Framework combines theseplanningpracticesthroughdevelopmentstandards
~ Christopher Alexander
and street types. Together, with the best practice: Smart Growth Principles (Figure3) these support a thriving urban citywithcompactmixed-usedevelopment,reducedtravel distances, and an active transportation (bicycling and walking) network.This contributes to a healthycommunity and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, while offering residents choices within the transportation network.
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INTRODUCTION
Section Three: Great Neighborhoods.
is an outline of how Kalamazoo can track its success
Each ofKalamazoo’s 22 neighborhoods has its own needs
and tell its story, over the next 10 years.
and focus. Resulting from neighborhood discussions
IK at Work is also a partnership between the City,
in IK 2025, this section aims to define what a Complete
the community, and the many individuals and
Neighborhood means in Kalamazoo and how they can be
organizations who helped imagine the future and
realized. Providing a road map to achieving these goals,
who have committed to help make it a reality.
the section details neighborhood planning efforts and the
Implement requires partners, alliances with the
support of City regulations such as the Zoning Ordinance.
community, neighborhoods, organizations, and other government agencies. Within the City itself, to
Section Four: Imagine Kalamazoo (IK) at Work
further implementation, the Master Plan will be tied to Kalamazoo’s priority based budgeting (PBB) process, factored into the Foundation For Excellence (FFE)
Kalamazoo has worked very hard to create the vision
aspirational project funding, and guide the work of all
for its future. This document details that vision and IK
City Departments and staff.
at Work is intended to be a work plan to achieve it. IK at Work summarizes all of the goals and actions in this document and aligns them with the Strategic Vision. It
Best Practice: Smart Growth Principles Smart Growth. The Smart Growth Principles are one tool that the Master Plan uses to recreate the connections and achieve a vibrant community. They are: 1. Mix land uses. 2. Take advantage of compact building design. 3. Create a range of housing opportunities and choices. 4. Create walkable neighborhoods. 5. Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place. 6. Preserve open space, farmland, natural beauty, and critical environmental areas. 7. Strengthen and direct development toward existing areas. 8. Provide a variety of transportation choices. 9. Make development decisions predictable, fair, and cost effective. 10. Encourage community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisions.
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INTRODUCTION
Acknowledgments The Master Plan is the work of many individuals, community groups and organizations who contributed their valuable time, ideas, and support throughout the engagement process. We look forward to continuing to add to these pages!
City of Kalamazoo City Manager Jim Ritsema Deputy City Manager Patsy Moore Deputy City Manager Jeff Chamberlain Assistant City Manager Laura Lam Assistant City Manager Jerome Kisscorni Director, Community Planning & Development, Rebekah Kik
Planning Commission Rachel Hughes-Nilsson, Chair Charley Coss, Vice-Chair Alfonso Espinosa Greg Milliken James Pitts Derek Wissner Emily Greenman Wright Sakhi Vyas
IK Working Groups Steering Committee Christina Anderson Jeff Chamberlain Mike Collins Charley Coss Matt Fletcher Kevin Ford Mark Fricke Nora Gimpel Andrew Haan Michael Hodgkinson Mayor Hopewell Ryan Johnson Rebekah Kik Jerome Kisscorni Patrick McVerry Bob Miller
City Commissioners
Tomas Minto
Mayor Bobby Hopewell
Diana Morton-Thompson
Vice-Mayor Donald Cooney
SaraJo Shipley
Commissioner David Anderson
Jack Urban
Commissioner Erin Knott Commissioner Matt Milcarek Commissioner Shannon Sykes Commissioner Jack Urban
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INTRODUCTION
Shared Prosperity/ ED
Balanced Transportation
Kevin Ford - Chairperson
Tomas Minto - Chairperson
Lee Adams
Sarah Alcenius-Hoisington
Megan Blinkiewicz
Charley Coss
Pam Burpee
Jeff Chamberlain
Marcus Collins
Tala Davidson
Chris Dilly
Paul Ecklund
Tracy Hall
Leslie Hoffman
Mattie Jordan-Woods
Ken Jones
Rebekah Kik
Dr. Jun Oh
Kevin Lavender
Doug Kirk
Jay Maddock
Michele McGowen
Derek Nofz
Tomas Minto
Brian Pittleko
Jon Start
John Schmitt
Steve Stepek
Dana Underwood Steve Walsh
Sustainable City
Dallas Oberlee
Matt Fletcher - Chairperson Rachel Bair
Great Neighborhoods
James Baker
Diana Morton-Thompson - Chairperson
Ben Brown
Curt Aardema
Josh Cook
Pam Burpee
Marla Fisher
Kim Cummings
Matt Fletcher
Grant Fletcher
Nora Gimpel
Christopher Wright
Harold Glasser
Emily Greenman Wright
James Jeakle
Grace Gheen
Jerome Kisscorni
Bill Hughes
Bill Rose
Steve Walsh
Jeff Spolstra
Bill Wells
Ashley Anne Wick
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INTRODUCTION
Land Use & Development
Neighborhood Partners
Christina Anderson - Chairperson
Arcadia Neighborhood Association
Martha Aills
Eastside Neighborhood Association
Kelly Clarke
Edison Neighborhood Association
Geoff Cripe
El Sol Elementary School
Sonja Dean
Fairmont/West Douglas Neighborhood Association
Parker Duke
Downtown Citizen Advisory Council
Kyle Gulau
Downtown Kalamazoo Incorporated
Bill Hughes
Fire Station #5
Amber Leverette
Kalamazoo College
Rachel Hughes Nilsson
Milwood Community Church
Paul Selden
Milwood Neighborhood Association Parkwood Upjohn Elementary School
Downtown
Northside Association for Community Development
Andrew Haan - Chairperson
Oakland Drive/Winchell Neighborhood Association
Steve Deisler
Oakwood Neighborhood Association
Cody Dunten
Parker-Duke Neighborhood Association
Jon Durham
Parkview Hills Neighborhood Association
Becky Fulgoni
Parkwyn Village Neighborhood Association
Katie Houston
Saint Mary’s Chruch
Marissa Kovatch
Stuart Area Restoration Association
Kevin Lavender
Threads Church
Clarence Lloyd
Vine Neighborhood Association
Beth McCann
West Main Hill Neighborhood Association
Greg Milliken
Westwood Neighborhood Association
Mary Oudsema
WMU Office of Sustainability
Patti Owens
WMU Student Association
Tom Shuster
Winchell Elementary School
Derek Wissner
Woodward Elementary School
Andy Wenzel
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INTRODUCTION
City Staff Christina Anderson Rob Bauckham Dorla Bonner James Baker Jeff Chamberlain Amanda Coeur Marcy Dix Bobby Durkee Pete Eldridge Sharon Ferraro Sean Fletcher Kevin Ford Jim Hoekstra Rebekah Kik Laura Lam Bob McNutt Patrick McVerry Dwayne Powell Ryan Russell Sara Jo Shipley Ryan Simpson Elyse Tuennerman
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Become known as the most disability friendly city by 2025
We [also] need to ramp up public transportation to allow everyone access to all parts of the city at extended hours. This will help create economic justice and growth in our community.
If everyone participates in social activities they enjoy, we would have a diverse community with opportunities to make connections, create anchors in the region, and be actively proud of our community.
The city needs to be connected with bike and walking trails and offer more public transportation.
Photo Credit: Neal Conway
Connected City 1. Introduction
3. Transit Planning
1.1 Principles of a Connected City
3.1 Transit Circulation
1.2 Components of a Connected City ◊◊ Streets ◊◊ Intersections ◊◊ Sidewalks ◊◊ Land Use ◊◊ Architecture ◊◊ Public Spaces
4. Non- Motorized Plan 4.1 Pedestrian Environment 4.2 Bicycle Network 4.3 Designing & Maintaining Pedestrian Facilities
2. Land Use & Transportation 2.1 Future Land Use Definitions 2.2 Commercial & Neighborhood Nodes 2.3 Future Land Development Map 2.4 Framework of Street Types ◊◊ Sub-Urban Corridor ◊◊ Neighborhood Connector ◊◊ Main Street ◊◊ Priority Street ◊◊ Neighborhood Street 19 imagine kalamazoo 2025
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CONNECTED CITY
1. Introduction Throughout Imagine Kalamazoo (IK2025) residents
Convenient. A convenient place is easy to understand
described their ideal neighborhood conditions:
and navigate, Orientation, wayfinding, and routing
calmed traffic, retail establishments, and a variety of
choices support travelers in meeting their daily needs.
housing; among other things. The Connected City is the framework that works to connect neighborhoods;
Engaging. An engaging place is designed to facilitate
create inviting public places; and improve human,
formal and informal social exchanges, creating a
community, and environmental health residents
positive experiences along a street.
desire. Using an approach that includes transportation choice; a set of principles and built environment
Vibrant. A vibrant place is an area pulsating with
components are used to describe and define the
diversity of life, culture, and activity. The variety and
character of streets and the built environment.
concentration of retail, restaurants, and entertainment
Working together, the principles and components
venues appeal to a broad spectrum of users
guide the form, location, and quality of future
throughout the day and into the night.
development.
1.1 Principles of a Connected City
1.2 Components of a Connected City The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Every
IK2025 participants said that a Connected City is
building, streetscape, programmed event, park,
accessible, comfortable, connected, convenient,
and trail collectively creates special experiences
engaging, and vibrant. The principles of Connected
in Kalamazoo. The principles are applied to each
City were developed from the Strategic Vision Goals
Connected City component. The built environment
(Figure 1) to create comprehensive strategies that will
components are:
be applied to projects. The qualitative principles are: Streets. A variety of characteristics help shape a great Accessible. An accessible place is capable of being
street. The feel of a street can change dramatically
used by people of all ages and mobility levels.
with the type, texture and color of pavement; even the feeling that trees, lane width, and spacing of buildings
Comfortable. A comfortable place is an environment
give can impact a pedestrian’s experience. As the
where visitors experience a sense of ease, enabling a
streets are the primary piece of our transportation
feeling of personal safety and independence.
network and the majority of our public space,they have a direct impact on the overall character and feel
Connected. A connected place is a physical network
of the City.
offering multiple routing options to a diverse range of activities, resources, services, and places.
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CONNECTED CITY
Strategic Goal: Complete Neighborhoods.
Figure 1
Connected City is Strategic Vision Goal that focuses on creating a complete network for walking, biking, riding, and driving in Kalamazoo. Master Plan recognizes that to realize a Connected City, Land Development must be tied with transportation.
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CONNECTED CITY
Streets can be inviting public places of social connectivity as well as a transportation network. Streets can support dual roles within the network as both destination and generator of traffic. Intersections. Intersections represent the critical junction of all modes of travel. The safety and efficiency of transportation modes are defined by the design and operation of intersection - most importantly, pedestrian crossings at intersections.
Photo credit: Neal Conway
Crosswalks should be considered as an extension of the sidewalk. Sidewalks. Sidewalks, in their simplest form, join intersections together and are the pedestrian travel lane. A closer examination reveals a place of activity determined by design considerations like: sidewalk width, pavement type and texture, building placement, location of windows and entrances, wayfinding signs, shade and weather protection from awnings or trees, and street furniture. The role of the urban sidewalk extends beyond that of
Photo credit: Neal Conway
a mere pathway for pedestrians. The urban sidewalk is the connective tissue that unifies the pedestrian experience within the fabric of the neighborhood center. It is a place for social exchange, dining, entertainment, shopping, and people-watching. When properly designed, people are willing to walk longer distances to a destination. Land Use. Pedestrian activity and economic vitality in urban commercial areas is generated by the intensity and diversity of land uses. Uses such Photo credit: Neal Conway
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Walkability is “the extent to which the built environment is friendly to the presence of people living, shopping, visiting, enjoying, or spending time in an area.� Dan Burden, Walkable Communities
as retail, restaurants, and entertainment serve as
the front property line, clear building entrance,
destinations. The ground floor presence of doorways,
and ground floor transparency. These can greatly
window displays, and outdoor cafes all provide
influence whether or not a pedestrian travels down
opportunities for socialization and interaction. These
a given block. This represents very different design
uses contribute to the highest volume of pedestrian
requirements from that of a building seen by a driver
activity and increase the vibrancy of the street. Office
in a moving vehicle.
and residential land uses are activity generators. Their close proximity to destination uses is important in
Kalamazoo’s residential and historic character
extending the duration of pedestrian activities that
are excellent guiding examples of what makes a
utilize the street. When generators are mixed with
neighborhood center and downtown vibrant and
destinations that remain open beyond the work day
active. Studying what makes a great street starts with
for most employees, the area has an extended life.
recognizing that the City has many incredible places
The street stays active and is no longer silent after five
to take queues from.
p.m. Public Spaces. Parks and open spaces encourage Architecture. The average pedestrian walks at a
healthy living through opportunities for recreation and
pace of three miles per hour. For pedestrians to be
relaxation, contributing to the physical, social, and
adequately engaged and interested, the streetscape
economic health of a city. Traditional public spaces
and adjacent buildings should vary in design or detail
and their linear companions, sidewalks and trails,
at least every fifty feet. The style of the architecture
represent the heart of the public realm. Their quality,
may vary from building to building. What remains
placement, design, and utilization all contribute to
consistent is the placement of a building at or near
quality of life.
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CONNECTED CITY
2. Land Use & Transportation
Through a new Land Development Map, future land use categories, street types, and nodes are
“When considering integrated land use and
combined to become the framework for design
transportation planning, placemaking promotes a
recommendations that calm traffic, promote
simple principle: if you plan cities for cars and traffic,
walkability, include bicycle infrastructure, and focus
you get cars and traffic. If you plan for people and
development to support daily neighborhood needs
places, you get people and places.�
and the goals for the 2025 Master Plan. - Project for Public Places
2.1 Future Land Use Categories Integrating land use and transportation is recognition
The 2025 Master Plan simplifies the land use
that fast moving traffic creates safety issues for
categories; comparison below (Figure 2) from
pedestrians, is dangerous and uncomfortable
the 2010 Master Plan. The residential categories
to bicycle with, and can limit the development
provide the context for a variety of low-density
opportunities for neighborhoods and downtown.
single-family housing types to medium density row
Land Use Categories 2025 Compared to 2010 2010 Master Plan Core Residential Core Residential 2 Modern Residential 3 Modern Residential 4 Multiple-Family Subtypes Mixed-Use
Figure 2
2025 Master Plan R1 - Residential R2 - Residential R3 - Residential Urban Edge Neighborhood Edge
Employment Centers
Industrial
Neighborhood Commercial Community Commercial
Commercial
Central Business District
Downtown
Institutional
Campus Campus - Private
Recreation/Greenspace
Open Space/Parks Natural Features
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CONNECTED CITY
houses, or higher density urban apartment buildings
The framework for Land
in neighborhoods. New categories are Urban and Neighborhood Edge that enable existing and new
Development illustrated is updated
development flexibility for a variety of building types that support residential density and commercial scale
from the 2010 Master Plan; it is based
in appropriate locations.
on the success of past master Future Land Use vs. Zoning Districts. Like previous
plans while incorporating new best
master plans, appropriate future land uses are described and mapped in this document. It is
practice research.
important to note that future land use designations are not the same as zoning districts or standards.
Node is smaller in scale and provides easier
They are designations on a plan that provide
access to daily needs within one or two adjacent
guidance on appropriate land uses if a lot were to be
neighborhoods. Both Nodes will apply the following
redeveloped in the future. The designations will guide
design strategies.
future Zoning Ordinance updates to achieve the goals of this document, such as Complete Neighborhoods
Street Design. Creating a comfortable and safe
or to support the City’s Housing Strategy.
pedestrian environment, regardless of the street type designation, is critical at Nodes. This can include the
2.2 Commercial & Neighborhood - Nodes
implementation of:
Throughout IK2025 the desire to have more daily
•
Widen sidewalks for outdoor cafes, furniture, and activities. (Standard is 5 to 6 feet)
needs closer for residents to walk to was heard in every neighborhood. To achieve this, the Future
•
Street furniture (benches, planters, trash bins)
Land Development Plan designates Nodes at key
•
Street trees
intersections or along specific blocks. Nodes consist
•
Reduced traffic speed through street design
of walkable features and specific right-of-way and
•
Pedestrian-scaled lighting
intersection design guidelines. The building form,
•
Bus stop shelters
parking, and architecture will be designed to attract
•
Bicycle parking
residential mixed-use with retail, restaurants, and
•
Pedestrian-activated crossing lightsz
other office or commercial activity.
•
Bulb-outs and curb extensions at intersections
•
On-street parking that buffers pedestrians from
The Future Land Development Plan designates two
vehicles.
scales of walkable urban Nodes: Commercial and Neighborhood. The Commercial Node is defined by
Parking Management. To the greatest extent
large scale retail destinations that draw from several
possible parking will be located at the rear or side of
neighborhoods or outside the city. A Neighborhood
a building. Pedestrian safety, accessibility, and clear
25 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
Future Land Development Map 2025 CONNECTED CITY
Riverview Dr.
Future Land Development Map
Paterson St.
Paterson St.
ll R
Kalamazoo Ave.
Porter St.
Pitcher St.
Edwards St.
Church St.
Cooley St.
Douglas Ave.
W. Main St.
Riverview Dr.
North St. Ransom St.
Harrison St.
W. Main St.
Walbridge St.
Burdick St.
Park St.
North St.
Westnedge Ave.
Gu
Re
nA ve.
y.
Burdick St.
Rose St.
Park St.
iga
Hw
Westnedge Ave.
ich
. Rd
Lovell St.
Walnut St.
diu
St.
w rro dA
ge
ta
. Dr
South St.
ain
E. M
r Po
Academy St.
m
E. M
Eleanor St. Water St. W. Michigan Ave.
Arboretum Pkwy.
d.
wn sto
w Pk
y.
s Cro
a St
Vine St.
Vine St.
age
Port
y. Pk w Park St. Cr os sto wn
nd
Howard St.
Oa
kla
Stockbridge Ave.
Burdick St.
St.
Dr.
How ard
Westnedge Ave.
Rd.
. n Ave
higa
ic W. M
Portag
Miller Rd.
e St.
Winchell Ave.
Westnedge Ave.
Win ch
ell A ve.
Stadium Dr.
Whites Rd.
Parkview Ave
Cork St.
. Ln Lov ers
Westnedge Ave.
Oakland Dr.
Burdick St.
Cork St.
Portage St.
Legend Downtown
Downtown Future Land Use - Legend Commercial Industrial Downtown
Commercial
Urban Edge Commercial
Neighborhood Industrial
Edge
Industrial
Campus
R3-Residential Urban Edge R2-Residential Neighborhood Edge
Urban Edge
R1-Residential R3-Residential
Node Types
Open Space/Parks
R2-Residential
Campus/State
Commercial Node
Campus/Private
Neighborhood Edge
R1-Residential
Campus/Private
Open Space/Parks
Neighborhood Node
Natural Feature Protection
R3-Residential
Commercial Node
Campus
Campus/Private
Commercial Node
R2-Residential
Neighborhood Node
R1-Residential
Neighborhood Node
Open Space/Parks Natural Features
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CONNECTED CITY
2.3 Future Land Development Map walking paths are priority in a Node with slowed vehicle traffic from driveways and within parking lots. Supporting reduced parking requirements, alternative parking arrangements, and Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategies to reduce the area dedicated to parking and increase area dedicated to employment, housing, parks, public art, or other amenities. On-street parking is preferred to off-street and will count toward any parking minimums.
Downtown Allows high-density residential uses and compact combinations of pedestrian-oriented retail, office, and entertainment. Active uses (e.g. retail) are desired on the ground floor of Priority Streets and on corners. First floor residential and less active uses may be permitted on other street types within Downtown. Commercial
Building Placement. The placement of buildings is
Permits a wide range of retail, office, and
almost as critical as their uses. Creating a continuous
entertainment uses. Residential may be incorporated
and inviting walkable street requires building closely
into commercial areas to create a mixed-use area
up to the sidewalk. In new development areas,
or serve as a transition to lower density residential.
placement for wider sidewalks that allow cafes,
Mixing of uses may be horizontal or vertical. Active
sandwich board signage, and other street furniture is
uses (e.g. retail) are encouraged on the ground floor,
desired. The building facade should have large clear
particularly at key intersections (nodes), corners, and
windows and have clear accessible entry from both
along the front property lines.
the parking areas and sidewalk. Land Use. Nodes are critical walkable destinations for everyday use. Development can include commercial,
Commercial Node
office, and residential to create mixed-use areas that
A large footprint walkable mixed-use area designed
provide for increased housing and transportation
to provide a wide range of commercial uses, focused
choices, and the creation of vibrant places to serve
on meeting daily needs, and scaled to serve multiple
local residents for daily needs.
neighborhoods. Housing, retail, restaurant, and office are permitted. Development must follow Node design
Open Space. Development plans in nodes should
standards to support the intent as a walkable and
incorporate public spaces (squares, plazas, etc.) into
vibrant commercial area.
private developments to encourage social interaction, particularly where such spaces promote relationships between businesses, residents, and visitors. Open
Neighborhood Node
space should be designed with the node in mind, and
Smaller footprint neighborhood serving walkable
not on a lot-by-lot project basis.
mixed-use area of commercial uses. The node is
27 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
CONNECTED CITY designed to provide a range of uses focusing on daily
supporting commercial uses. Development in
needs for the local population of a neighborhood.
this classification could have a large impact on
It can include housing, retail, restaurant, and office
adjoining properties and the environment - it requires
uses, but at a smaller scale than those in the
management of setbacks, access, and environmental
Commercial Node. Development within the node
mitigation.
must follow design standards to support its intent as a walkable vibrant asset within a neighborhood.
There are three residential designations. They are context based and represent a sliding scale of
Urban Edge Allows for a mix of medium-scale uses in areas
intensity. R1-Residential
serving as transitions along more intense Downtown,
Lowest intensity residential development.
commercial, or industrial development areas, It is
R2-Residential Medium intensity residential development.
often located on high-capacity transit corridors or at the intersection of transportation corridors. An expanded range of uses are permitted including light industrial maker spaces, commercial, office, and
R3-Residential Highest intensity residential development. Open Space/Parks
medium to high-density residential. Development is
Land or water areas generally free from development.
intended to attract employees and residents. Uses
Primarily used for park and recreation purposes,
can include specialty retail, artist studios, food and
but may also indicate private or public open spaces
beverage production/retail spaces that can attract
reserved for natural resource conservation.
regional customers. Natural Features Neighborhood Edge
An area with existing natural features, including
This land use allows for a mix of zoning districts that
creeks, floodplains, stands of large trees, and slope,
respond to neighborhood context. The land uses
that should be protected through such methods as
contain small-scale neighborhood development.
conservation easements or land acquisition. The City
The zoning district can include single family to
will work with property owners, key stakeholders,
medium density residential, small footprint retail,
and conservation minded organizations to achieve
offices, restaurants, and non-auto service-oriented
the long term protection of these areas for such
development. Development can occur in a variety of
ends as public enjoyment and environmental health.
buildings types - traditional commercial buildings and
Development that occurs near these designations
residential structures that have been converted to
will need to complete a thorough analysis of the
contain commercial uses.
natural features and the proposed project to mitigate potential negative impacts.
Industrial Accommodates industrial development and limited
28 MASTER PLAN
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CONNECTED CITY Campus
Future street maintenance and construction in Ka-
Campus/Private Institution
lamazoo will consider a Complete Streets policy to
Allows the development of one user or multiple
evaluate network connectivity for all users, design
similar uses on a large site. Typically includes multiple
for low speeds, take into account location within a
buildings and a street network. Campus-Private
neighborhood, and the access needs of the adjacent
Institution requires the development and approval by
development. To reflect the integrated placemaking
the City of a site specific master plan.
approach of land use and transportation a Framework
2.4 Transportation Framework The Transportation Framework aims to achieve a comprehensive, multimodal network designed with the adjacent land development in mind. Kalamazoo is very close to being a built-out community. Achieving a comprehensive transportation network cannot be accomplished by simply adding new streets. It requires making the best use of the existing network and changing the view of streets from simply a throughway to valuable public space. Complete Streets Network. Planning for the use of streets should take into consideration the network of desired destinations - Downtown, Nodes, schools, parks, neighborhoods and access to them. A Complete Street network considers access to destinations by all transportation means: pedestrians, bicycling, and vehicles (bus, car, truck, semi-tractor trailer). This approach will allow for the evaluation of street design that connects the gaps in the network for all modes of transportation. Inviting Public Places. Street right-of-way is one of the largest public realms in the city with nearly 25% of land used in Kalamazoo. One function of streets are for moving people from one location to another. The pedestrian areas (sidewalks, wide shoulders, shared use paths) are valuable public spaces that establish
of Streets has been developed.. Framework of Streets. This framework considers streets as they traverse the city, and the relationship to land use as it changes to get people in and around Kalamazoo. The design of the site, buildings, and public way respond to the transportation mode priorities (i.e., pedestrian, bicycle, or vehicular traffic) for the area. Furthermore, a Complete Streets policy will guide the network strategies that meet the goal to serve all users, connect neighborhoods, and calm traffic. The Framework of Streets outlines five Street Types and primary non-motorized routes. The Street Types are informed by the land use designations in the Land Development Plan, each having a unique intent and set of design and development parameters. A street may change it’s character as it meets the needs of the land use - for example a street may have it’s beginning in a neighborhood and move into a small neighborhood Node. The changes may be subtle as you leave the neighborhood and as you get closer to the Node such as, buildings moving closer to the street, sidewalks getting wider, and more frequent on-street parking. Each street listed in the table below works together with other streets in the city to create our transportation network. (Figure 3)
the character of an area, act as gateways, and encourage socialization and commerce.
29 imagine kalamazoo 2025
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CONNECTED CITY
Framework of Street Types
Sub-Urban Corridor Neighborhood Connector Main Street Priority Street Neighborhood Street “local”
30 MASTER PLAN
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CONNECTED CITY
Figure 3
Framework of Street Types Primary Non-Motorized Route
Neighborhood Streets
Main Street
Priority Street
Neighborhood Connector
Sub-Urban Corridor
On-Street: Protected
Slowed traffic
Primarily serves
Downtown street
Slowed traffic;
Continuous center
bike lane that
Pedestrian crossing
pedestrians
Slowed traffic
especially through
left turn lane
serve as bicycle/
visibility
Slowed traffic through
Pedestrian
Nodes
Restricted left
pedestrian facilities
On-street parking
Nodes
crossing
Pedestrian crossing
turns in/out of
on Neighborhood
Sidewalk on at least
Pedestrian crossing
enhancements
enhancements
some driveways
Connectors or Sub-
one side of the street
enhancements
Crosswalk bump-
Crosswalk bump-outs
Bike lanes are
Urban Corridors.
Bicycle route signage
Crosswalk bump-outs
outs
On-street bike lanes
protected or
Commonly found
or sharrows to connect
On-street bike lanes
On-street bike
On-street parking
parallel off street
off-street as a parallel
to primary non-
On-street parking
lanes
Center turn lanes at
No on-street
route when on-street
motorized routes
Center turn lanes
On-street parking
major intersections
parking
facilities are not in
Some transit service
High standards
High use transit route
High use transit
place. Should be a
for streetscape,
minimum of 10’ in width.
lighting, and
Connections to parks,
wayfinding
natural spaces, or rail
Transit served
route
corridors. Intersect with transit as
These include all other
Provides access
Downtown
Connects automobiles,
Office and retail
often as possible
public and private
to businesses,
streets that create
bikes and pedestrians
land uses with
Off-street parking may
streets in the city
employment, mixed-
inviting public
from neighborhood
some mixed-use
be provided for trail
Very low traffic volume
use residential
places for dining,
streets to Universities,
residential
users
Slow speeds
transit users and
shopping, relaxing,
Colleges, and
Typically express
See Non-Motorized
Frequent stop
pedestrians
and family
Neighborhood and
transit routes that
Section for facilities
controlled intersections
Buildings are up to the
entertainment
Commercial Nodes
connect from
street with minimal
Transit served
Retail and service
sub-urban hubs
driveways
Buildings are up
businesses front the
to Neighborhood
to the street with
street
Connectors or
minimal driveways
Main Streets into
No motorized vehicles
< 30 mph
20-25 mph
20-25 mph
25-35 mph
30-45mph
See NonMotorized Section for all facility types
2-lanes
2-3 lanes
2-3 lanes
2-4 lanes; may include dedicated transit lane
3-5 lanes; 2 to 4 lane SubUrban Corridor
31 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
CONNECTED CITY
Framework of Streets: Sub-Urban Corridor
Sub-Urban Corridor Neighborhood Connector Main Street Priority Street Neighborhood Street “local”
32 MASTER PLAN
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CONNECTED CITY
Sub-Urban Corridor. Kalamazooâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s major corridors
Transit. Sub-Urban Corridors are also major transit
that bring traffic into the City play the biggest role in
routes in Kalamazoo. Improved bus stops, including
defining the visual image of the City. These corridors
American Disabilities Act (ADA) standards for either
will encourage improved development patterns and
a concrete pad or shelter with signage, are critical
visually improve the right-of-way. Safe pedestrian
elements for ridership. Future transit facilities may
and bicycle movements are important on all streets in
include express bus routes and dedicated lanes or
Kalamazoo, including these corridors. Parallel non-
bus rapid transit.
motorized routes provide safe access for pedestrians and bicyclists.
Intersections. Intersection improvements are employed to create safe pedestrian movements on
Adjacent Land Development. Sub-Urban Corridors
Sub-Urban Corridors. Clearly marked crosswalks
pass through a variety of land use designations as
and the use of bulb outs or medians to reduce
they traverse the City. The marjority of uses along this
crossing length should be incorporated into designs,
street type are commercial, industrial or high density
especially at transit served intersections. Where
residential uses. Traffic volumes, vehicle speed, and
non-motorized paths connect and parallel routes,
limited pedestrian amenities make single family and
significant signage should alert both motorists and
walkable mixed use development less compatible.
bicyclists to use care and share the road.
When Sub-Urban Corridors approach a Node, the street type will change in order to allow for special design features to be applied that slow traffic and increase walkability pedestrian and bicycle amenities.
33 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
CONNECTED CITY
Framework of Streets: Neighborhood Connector
Sub-Urban Corridor Neighborhood Connector Main Street Priority Street Neighborhood Street “local”
34 MASTER PLAN
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CONNECTED CITY
Neighborhood Connector. Connectors provide
Bicycle Infrastructure. Bicycle routes can be placed
cross-city access and connect Commercial and
on-street as bike lanes or as protected bike lanes.
Neighborhood Nodes for all modes of transportation.
Each street should be evaluated if right of way
Slower speeds than a Sub-Urban Corridor, bicycle
supports the construction of protected lanes or
infrastructure can occur on-street adjacent to
striped lanes.
vehicular traffic. Building placement will vary as the Connector completes the network connectivity
Pedestrian Infrastructure. Sidewalks should be
through neighborhoods and the Downtown
located on both sides of a Neighborhood Connector, Clearly marked crosswalks and the use of bulb outs
Adjacent Land Development. Neighborhood
or medians to reduce crossing length should be
Connectors occur throughout the City. Because
incorporated into designs, especially at transit served
of the connectorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; low speed, and neighborhood
intersections.
connectivity, all development types are appropriate including new single family infill and revitalizing existing residential. With a Node, special design features are applied to further slow traffic and increase pedestrian and bicycle amenities. Transit. Neighborhood Connectors are often transit routes in Kalamazoo. Improved bus stops, including American Disabilities Act (ADA) standards for either
Kalamazoo Ave
a concrete pad or shelter with signage, are critical to
Photo Credit: Rebekah Kik
ridership. Consider bike racks at these facilities.
Neighborhood Connectors provide critical links for within City movement by all modes of travel.
35 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
CONNECTED CITY
Framework of Streets: Main Street
Sub-Urban Corridor Neighborhood Connector Main Street Priority Street Neighborhood Street “local”
36 MASTER PLAN
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CONNECTED CITY
Main Street. Main Streets balance all transportation
the Imagine Kalamazoo meetings. Connectivity to
users with the aim to support economic development
the edge neighborhoods, College/University, and
and a lively public place. On-street parking, on-
throughout Downtown were mentioned.
street bicycle lanes, and sidewalks with pedestrian amenities encourage travel by any mode. This
Bicycle Infrastructure. Bicycle traffic is an important
balance of users helps to create a vibrant, active
element to Main Streets. Because of the extremely
street.
calmed nature of the street design, on-street bicycle infrastructure may include striped bicycle lanes,
Adjacent Land Development. Main Streets are found
sharrows that connect to main routes, and signed
in Downtown and neighborhoods. The slow moving
bike routes.
traffic provides for many development types. The corners are particularly good for mixed use. The
Pedestrian Infrastructure. Sidewalks should be located
Main Street is where retail and restaurants meet
on both sides of a Main Street and be made as wide
other active uses and are encouraged on the ground
as possible to encourage outdoor activity (dining,
floor of buildings. Buildings are located close to the
events, or public art). Streetscape improvements
sidewalk and parking is accessible to the side and
should be installed to enhance the pedestrianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s
rear of buildings.
experience. Clearly marked crosswalks and the use of bulb outs or medians to reduce crossing length
Transit. Transit routes may occur on Main Streets.
should be incorporated into designs, where crossing
Especially the smaller circulator buses such as the
Neighborhood Connector, or Sub-Urban Corridor
Holly Jolly Trolley. A permanent circulator bus was
intersections.
suggested many times through participation in
37 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
CONNECTED CITY
Framework of Streets: Priority Street
Sub-Urban Corridor Neighborhood Connector Main Street Priority Street Neighborhood Street “local”
38 MASTER PLAN
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CONNECTED CITY
Priority Streets. Priority Streets are high volume,
improved with such elements as signage, benches,
very low speed streets that focus on pedestrian
or shelter will facilitate transit use.
movements and the pedestrian experience. Located in Downtown Kalamazoo, they represent the
Bicycle Infrastructure. Bicycle infrastructure, including
core retail and entertainment blocks. Active uses
signage and parking should be included into the
combined with wide sidewalks, inviting streetscape,
design of Priority Streets. Bicycle lanes are located
and public art together create a vibrant urban
on the street and may include protected lanes,
shopping area. On-street parking on both sides of the
striped bicycle routes, and signed routes.
street. Pedestrian Infrastructure. Priority Streets have wide Adjacent Land Development. Active uses, such as retail
sidewalks improved with high quality streetscape and
and entertainment, should be located on the ground
pedestrian amenities to create the greatest access to
floor on Priority Streets. To support these uses, the
retail and entertainment. These streets should strive
ground floor should be designed with an obvious
to create inviting outdoor spaces.
entrance, high levels of window transparency, and pedestrian-oriented signage. Residential and office uses are permitted, but should be located on upper stories. Buildings are located up to the sidewalk and parking is handled through side or rear entry. Curb cuts should not be allowed on these streets except for alleys. Transit. Access to transit from Priority Streets is key to the Downtown. Clearly marked transit stops,
Kalamazoo Mall
Photo credit: Neal Conway
39 imagine kalamazoo 2025
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CONNECTED CITY
Framework of Streets: Neighborhood Street
Sub-Urban Corridor Neighborhood Connector Main Street Priority Street Neighborhood Street “local”
40 MASTER PLAN
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CONNECTED CITY
Neighborhood Streets. The Neighborhood Streets
Bicycle Infrastructure. Bicycle lanes are located on the
sometimes called “locals” focus on the traditional
street and may include striped bicycle routes, and
grid of streets that are lined with many types of
signed routes. Neighborhood Street bike routes are
neighborhood residential. These are two lane streets
used to connect to the larger non-motorized network.
designed for very slow speeds, have sidewalks one at least one side, and connect to the Neighborhood
Pedestrian Infrastructure. Sidewalks should be at least
Connector or Main Street networks.
on one side of the street and a minimum of 5 feet wide. Pedestrian scaled lighting should be located on
Adjacent Land Development. Every type of single
streets with transit infrastructure and intersections of
family home, duplex, row house, and small apartment
Neighborhood Connectors, Main Streets, and Sub-
buildings exist on the Neighborhood Street. Some
Urban Corridors.
streets may have home occupation uses operating
9/29/2017
800 Elizabeth St - Google Maps
800 Elizabeth St
out of the residence such as: chiropractor, day care, salon, counseling or other small personal service. Transit. Access in and out of neighborhoods are critical for those who do not have personal transportation. Providing transportation options to vulnerable populations close to where they live is especially important to those who do not drive such as seniors, students, and those who have disabilities. Shelters and bicycle racks should be located here.
Elizabeth Street
Photo credit: Google Maps Image capture: Jun 2012
© 2017 Google
Kalamazoo, Michigan Google, Inc. Street View - Jun 2012
https://www.google.com/maps/@42.3016269,-85.594897,3a,75y,270.95h,89.58t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sCNecBfv68nlNU4MGq9QTAQ!2e0!7i13312!8i6656
41 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
United States
CONNECTED CITY
E G Ave
E G Ave
Mt Oli vet Rd
2017 Existing Transit Circulation Map
E G Ave
Mead S t
Mt Oli vet Rd Mt Oli vet Rd
Cl arni n S t Court landt ACourt ve landt A ve
Mead S t Parchmount Ave
Mt Oli vet Rd
Random Rd
Rd vet
Nazareth Rd
Oli Mt
mont
Ashton A ve
Ashto
nA
ve
Mt
Oli
vet
Rd
Brook
Alpine S t
Sunf ield S t
Ashton A ve
Dr
vet
Rd
mont
Naz areth Rd
Mt
Oli
Brook
Alpine S t
Sunf ield S t
Brookmont Dr
vet Oli Mt
Mt Oli vet Rd
Mt Oli vet Rd
Nazareth Rd
Rd vet
Dr
Ashton A ve
Brookmont Dr
Alpine S t Rd
Alpine S t
vet
Random Rd
Michael A ve
Oli
Rd
Michael A ve
Random Rd
Mic hael A ve Michael A ve
Random Rd
Virginia Av e
Onondaga Ave
Court landt A ve
Virginia Av e
Court landt A ve
Onondaga Ave
Sonora S t
Rd
Mt
Oli
vet
Slat er Dr
Rd
Virginia Ave
Court landt A v e
Oakcree
Oakcre
ek
Ave
Hi lltop
Nazareth Rd
vet
Random Rd
Virginia Av e
Onondaga Ave
Oli
St
k Ave
Ave
Oakcreek
th a re Na z e m y Ac ad
Oli
ng
Va l
le y
Pa rk
Gull
Mt
Gull
Rd
Mt Rd
vet
Oli
Mt
Gull
ord
Spring Valley Dr
t
Oxf
tS
Spring Valley Dr
lba
.A
St
Hazard Ave
Tri mble A ve
Albert Ave
Wal lace Ave
Hazard Ave
Albert Ave
Tri mble A ve
Wal lace Ave
Charlot te A ve
Hazard Ave
Wal lace Ave
Edwin A ve
Tri mble A ve
Wal lace Ave
Edwin A ve
Wal lace Ave
Nazareth Rd
Ct Burke
Nazareth Rd
Upj ohn Ave
Skinner P l
Hi bbard Pl
Upj ohn Ave
Skinner P l
Sc hust er Ave
Francis Ct
Fulford St
Lam ont Ave
Francis Ct
Cam eron S t Cam eron S t
Lam ont Ave
Fulford St
Byron S t
Cam eron S t
Fulford St Cam eron S t
Fulford St
Fact ory St
Cam eron S t
Fulford St
Fact ory St Fact ory St
Glendening Rd
Mill cork Ave
Saidla Rd
S Sprinkle Rd S Sprinkle Rd
St
E Cork S treet Ct
Gembrit Cr
S Sprinkle Rd
E Cork S t
I-94
E Cork S t
I-94 I-94
Gembrit Cr
Konkle S t
Em eral d Dr
Gembrit Cr
I-94
Em eral d Dr
Wi ng s Sta d iu m
Covingt
on Rd
Covingt on Rd
on Rd
S Sprinkle Rd
Pennway S t
Konkle S t
S Sprink le Rd
Van Rick Dr
Pennway S t
I-94
Covingt Golfview A ve
I-94
Pe n w a y P ar k
Dorchester Ave
Konk le S t
gt
on
Rd
Covin
Manc hest er Rd
I-94
Bloom fiel d Ave I-94
gt
on
Rd
Covin
S Sprinkle Rd
Not ti ngham A ve
S Sprinkle Rd
Van Rick Dr
Em eral d Dr
Pennway S t
Konkle S t Konkle S t Konk le S t
Moreland S t
Bloom fiel d Ave
Van Rick Dr
I-94
Banbury Rd
Moreland S t Moreland S t
Mayfair St
Bloom fiel d Ave
I-94
Not ti ngham A ve
S Sprinkle Rd
Em eral d Dr
Pennway S t
Konkle S t
Easy S t I-94
E Kil gore Rd
Rd
Lovers Ln
E Kil gore Rd
E Kil gore Rd
Kil
E Kil
I-94
gore
(F orm er E . Kil gore Rd.)
gore
Rd
E K il
Kilgore Service Rd
gor e R d
E Kil gore Rd
S Sprinkle Rd
Manchest er Rd
I-94
Mi lh a m Pa rk
E Kil gore Rd
E Kil gore Rd
E Kil gore Rd
E Kil gore Rd
E Kil gore Rd
Deadwood Dr
E Kil gore Rd
Portage Rd
Lovers Ln
Lo y N or ri x Hi g h Sc h oo l
Ka la m a zo o /B attl e C re e k In te rn a tio n a l Ai rp o rt Airview B lvd
Portage Rd
Ka la m a zo o /B attl e C re e k In te rn a tio n a l Ai rp o rt
Old A irport Rd.
Deadwood Dr
Brownie's Ct
Aurburn Ln
Look out Ln
Deadwood Dr
Portage Rd
14 west main 2011
Lookout Ln
Underwood Ln
Moun
Hi ck's Corner
Auburn Ln
t Ct
Deadwood Dr
ort Airp
Portage Rd
13 burdick 2011
Andrus Ct
Deadwood Dr
King Edwards Ct Rd
Lovers Ln
Portage Rd
11 stadium 2011 12 bronson 2011
E Cork
Mill cork Ave
Em eral d Dr
Em eral d Dr
E Cork S t
1 westnedge 2009 10 comstock 2011
S Sprinkle Rd
Saidla Rd
Em eral d Dr Em eral d Dr Em eral d Dr Em eral d Dr
Nel lbert St
Pe n w a y P ar k
E Cork S t
Em eral d Dr
Konkle S t Konkle S t
E Cork S t
Paddingt on Rd
Banbury Rd
Golfview A ve
Dorchester Ave
Moreland S t Portage St
E Cork S t
E Cork S t
Konkle S t
Moreland S t Moreland S t
Paddingt on Rd
Banbury Rd
Golfview A ve
Dorchester Ave
Som erset S t
Portage St
Pre s e Hu l l
Cam bridge Dr
I-94
Lakeway Ave
Moreland S t
Portage St Portage St
Ci ty P a rk
Miles A ve
Lakeway Ave
Ln
c he
Lovers
Bl an E Kil gore Rd
Mill er Rd
Allendal e S t
Konkle S t
Royce Ave
Miles A ve
Paddingt on Rd
Golfview A ve
Ln
rve
S Burdic k S t
Paddingt on Rd
Mi lw o o d Sh o p pi n g Ce n te r Banbury Rd
E Kil gore Rd
E Kil gore Rd
Cam bridge Ter
Fulford St
Balkema St Whitt ier S t
Fulford St
Lowel l S t Lowel l S t
Fulford St
Whitt ier S t
Moreland S t Moreland S t Moreland S t
Mill wood Ave
Royce Ave
Lakeway Ave
Dorchester Ave
Ci ty P a rk
Olmst ead Rd
Fact ory St
Fulford St
Fact ory St Fulford St
Fact ory St Nora St
Balkema St
Fulford St
Townhouse Ln
Fulford St
Balkema St
Cam eron S t Cam eron S t Cam eron S t
Morgan S t
Cam eron S t Cam eron S t
Morgan S t
Cam eron S t
Moreland S t
Li ncol nshire Blvd
Cam eron S t
Harvard S t Harvard S t Harvard S t Harvard S t Harvard S t Harvard S t Harvard S t
Boekeloo S t
Ferndale Ave
Banbury
Pratt Rd
W K ilgore Rd
Nel lbert St
Jam es St
March St March St
Jam es St Jam es St
March St
Cam eron S t Jam es St
March St March St
Cam eron S t
St ch Mar
Cam eron S t
Jam es St Pasadena S t Pasadena S t Pasadena S t Pasadena S t Pasadena S t Pasadena S t Pasadena S t
s Ln Lover
Keenway Cir
Keenway Cir
s Ln Lover
Dal e S t s Ln Lover
Banbury Rd
Mi lh a m Pa rk Go l f C o u rs e
Lovers
Pre s e rve
We stn e d ge Co r ne r s Sh o p pi n g Ce n te r
Winton A ve
Royce Ave
Miles A ve
Lakeway Ave
S Burdick S t
Hu l l Blanche A ve
Mill er Rd
Davis Creek Ct
R. o.W
Di vision St
March St
Jam es St
Poplar Pl
Race St
Mill s St
Race St Race St Race St Race St
St Jam es
Flower S t Flower S t Ln rs
s Ln Lover
Lakeway Ave
S Burdick S t
Bl an c h e
Evelyn Ave
W K ilgore Rd
Nazareth Rd
Tri mble A ve
Wal lace Ave
Edwin A ve
Phelps A ve
Cl arence S t
Myers St Jam es St
Li nton St
Cl arence S t Di vision St
Brownell Ct
March St
Jam es St
Race St
Mill s St
Maywood Ave St Portage
Fair S t
St Portage
Fair S t Fair S t
St
Fair S t
Portage e St
Elgin S t
Portag
Elgin S t
e St Portag
Portage St
Luel la S t
Luel la S t Ave
Ave
ecrest
ecrest
Hom
Hom
Burke S t St Joseph St
St M ary's S t
R. o.W
R. o.WR
Redm ond Ave
Lover
Lakeway Ave
Lakeway Ave
S Burdic k S t
Duke St
S West nedge Ave
Bronson B lvd
Wal lace Ave
Charlot te A ve
Fairbanks A ve
Sout hwort h Ter
Dwight S t
Fairbanks A ve
El em e n ta ry S ch o o l
Charlot te A ve
Sa in t M a ry s
Sout hwort h Ter
Hi nsdell P l
Phelps A ve Horace Ave
Phelps A ve
Ave an Foresm
Cl eveland St
Foresm an Ave
Mill s St Mill s St Mill s St Mill s St Mill s St Mill s St
Ct
Mill s St
Sm ith
Mill s St Mill s St Mill s St Russell St Fenwick Pl
Mill s St
Neum ater Ct
Cot tage Ave
E Cross
Alcott P l
S Burdick S t
s Ln
Mill wood Ave
S Rose
S Park S t
S Rose St
S West nedge Ave
Sout hwort h Ter
Fairbanks A ve
Charlot te A ve
Dwight S t
Gilbert Ave Gilbert Ave
Dwight S t
Fairbanks A ve
Charlot te A ve Charlot te A ve
Gilbert Ave
Ave
igan Mich E
Blaine S t
Sheldon St Sheldon St Sheldon St
Jasper S t Jasper S t
Jasper S t P kwy town
Crescent Dr
S Burdick S t
Crescent Dr
Outlook St
Kalanco S t
S Burdick S t S Burdick S t S Burdick S t
Ash S t
Ash S t
S Burdick S t Ash S t
S Burdick S t
Ash S t
Miles A ve
Mo u n t Ev e r-R e st M e m or ia l Pa rk
S Park S t
Duke St
Inv erness Ln
Ri verview Dr
vet Oli Mt Rd vet Oli Mt Oli
vet
Rd
Ri verview Dr
Mt
Ri verv iew Dr
Harris on S t
Ri verview Dr
Harrison S t
Ri verview Dr
Am persee A ve
St Gull
St Gull
Pa rk u rg Ve rb
St Gull Harrison S t Harrison S t
Am persee A ve Am persee A ve
Harrison S t
Parkway Parkway
Sheldon St
Jasper S t
Town Sout h
Bank S t Bank S t
Reed Ct
Bank S t
Reed Ct
Bank S t Bank S t
Reed Ct Reed Ct Havem an P l
Superior Ave
S Burdick S t
Superior Ave
Hi llside P l
S Burdick S t
Superior Ave
Burdick Pl
Outlook St
Alley
Outlook St
S Burdick S t
St etson Ct
Bank S t
Belf ord S t Belf ord S t
Van Zee St
St S Park
Crane A ve
S Park S t
S Rose St S Rose St
S Park S t
Crane A ve
Trem ont St
S Park S t
S Rose St
S Park S t S Park S t
S Rose St
S Park S t
S Rose St
S Park S t
S Rose St
S Park S t
S Rose St
S Park S t
S Rose St
S Park S t
S Rose St S Rose St
S Park S t
S Rose St St
Ryskam p Ct
S Rose St S Park S t
S Rose St
S Park S t
S Rose St
S Park S t
S Rose St
S West nedge Ave S West nedge Ave S West nedge Ave S West nedge Ave
Rd
Wa ter R ec la m a tio n Pl a n t
N Pi tc her S t N Pi tc her S t N Pi tc her S t N Pi tc her S t N Pi tcher S t N Pi tcher S t
Wal bri dge S t
Porter St
Wal bri dge S t
N Pi tcher S t
Porter St
Wal bri dge S t
N Pi tcher S t
Porter St Porter St
N Pi tcher S t
Wal bri dge S t
N Burdick S t wn
ssto Cro W
John St
S Burdick S t
John St
S Burdick S t
S Rose St
S Burdick S t S Burdick S t
S Rose St
S Burdick S t
St ate St
Hi gh S t
S Burdick S t
Van Zee St
S Park S t S Park S t
rk S t
Pa S
St
S Park
S Park S t
S West nedge Ave B lvd on Brons
S West nedge Ave Dr Glenwood
R. o.W
S West nedge Ave S West nedge Ave
Glenwood Dr
S West nedge Ave
Glenwood Dr
S West nedge Ave S West nedge Ave S West nedge Ave S West nedge Ave S West nedge Ave
Duke St Duke St Duke St
Robi n Ln
Duke St Duke St Duke St
St andish St
Ri vingt on S t
Duke St
Ri vingt on S t
Pem brook S t
St andish St
Harrison S t Harrison S t
Porter St
Wal bri dge S t
Porter St
Wal bri dge S t Wal bri dge S t
Porter St
Porter St
Wal bri dge S t
N Burdick S t
Krom Ave
N Rose St
N Edwards S t
N Burdick S t
Krom Ave
N Rose St
N Edwards S t
N Burdick S t
N Rose St
Krom Ave Krom Av e
N Edwards S t
N Burdick S t
N Edwards S t
N Rose St
N Burdick S t
N Edwards S t
Krom Av e
N Burdick S t
Krom Av e
Pat erson Ct
N Edwards S t
N Burdick S t
N Edwards S t
Scudder Ct
Pat erson Ct
Krom Av e
N Edwards S t
N Burdick S t
N Edwards S t N Edwards S t
N Burdick S t N Burdick S t
Scudder Ct
N Edwards S t N Edwards S t
Judge A ve
N Burdick S t
N Edwards S t
N Burdick S t
N Pi tcher S t
N Burdick S t
N Edwards S t N Edwards S t
N Pi tcher S t
N Burdick S t
Alley
N Burdick S t N Kal amazoo M all N Kal amazoo M all
Corporati on Al ley
Farmers All ey
S Kalam azoo Mal l
John St
S Kalam azoo Mal l
John St
S Burdick S t
Gladys Ct
S Burdick S t
John St John St
S Burdick S t S Burdick S t
Boerman A ve
Rose Ct
John St John St
Boerman A v e
S Burdick S t S Burdick S t
Pkw
y
S Burdick S t
S Rose St kwy P Cros stow n W
John St
Newell P l
S Park S t
S Rose St
S West nedge Ave S West nedge Ave S West nedge Ave
wn Pkw y
ss to Cro W
W Crosst own P kwy
Ri dge Rd
Midvale Ter
Plymout h Ln
Uni versity A ve Uni versity A ve
Duke St Duchess Dr
Duke St Duke St
Par 4 Cr
Par 4 Cr E Hi llandale Dr Old Colony Rd
Lam
Suns et Dr
Lakeside Dr
Glenrose Ter
Miles A ve
Rd
Bronson B lvd
Dr Lakeside
Suns et Dr
Rd a
Skyl er Dr
N Pi tcher S t
Busi ness
N Park S t
Pot ter S t
S Rose St
Wal nut Ct
S Park S t
Pot ter S t
S West nedge Ave
Wal nut Ct Burr Oak Ct
S Park S t
Osborne St
S Rose St
St e Ros S
S Park S t Park P l
S Rose St
S West nedge Ave
S Rose St
S Park S t S Park S t
S Rose St
Dut ton Pl
S Park S t
Vine Pl
Cent ral P l
Van V ranke Ct
Pearl St
S West nedge Ave
Adu nte lt r azo ion o Ce
Kal Edu am cat
S West nedge Ave
Vine Pl
S Rose St
Pearl St
Oak St Oak St Oak St Oak St Oak St Oak St Oak St Oak St Oak St Oak St
S Park S t
Davis S t
Locust St
Davis S t
Locust St Vill age Ct
Hudson St Hudson St
Dr hill Spring
Bronson B lvd
Bronson B lvd
West chester Ln
Springhill Dr
son Bron
A ve
Law Ave
V ista Alta
B lvd
Alley
Alt a V ista A ve
Bronson
Duke St
Duchess Dr
Duke St
Cl oyster Ct
Bronson Cr
Bronson Cr ( P ri va te)
o d g at e L n
Wo
Bronson B lvd Bronson B lvd Bronson B lvd
Old Colony Rd
Bronson B lvd
Old Colony Rd
Bronson B lvd
Old Colony Rd
Bronson B lvd
Old Colony Rd Old Colony Rd
Bronson B lvd Lakeside Dr
Hei ghts Ln
Kent Ave
Oakl and Dr Oakl and Ridge Dr
Oakl and Dr Oakl and Dr
Dr
Dr
Oakl and Dr
wlark
Lakeway Ave
Miles A ve
ed rc h Unit Chu is t
rlane
N Pi tcher S t
31 US-1
N Church St
Uni on S t
N Church St
Uni on S t
N Church St
N Wes tnedge A ve
Princeton A v e
N Park S t
Uni on S t
N Church St
N Rose St
N Park S t
Princ eton A ve
N Church St
N Rose St
N Church St
N Park S t
Princ eton A ve
N Rose St N Rose St
Princeton A ve
N Park S t
N Church St
N Rose St
N Church St
Princeton A ve
N Park S t
N Church St
N Rose St
N Church St
Princeton A ve
N Rose St
N Park S t
N Church St
N Rose St
N Church St
N Park S t
N Rose St
Cool ey St
N Park S t
N Rose St
N Church St
N Church St
N Park S t
N Rose St N Rose St
N Park S t
N Church St
Cool ey St
N Park S t
Cool ey St
N Rose St
N Church St
N Rose St
Cool ey St
N Park S t
N Rose St
N Park S t
N Church St io nal
Ba ptist
S Rose St
First
gre gat
S Park S t
1st Con
S Church S t
S Rose St
S Park S t S Park S t
First Pr esb yteria n
S Park S t
Pot ter S t
S Rose St
N Wes tnedge A ve S West nedge Ave
St Johns Pl
Burrell A ve
Pearl St
Oak St
Cit y Hall
N Westnedge A ve
Hol land Ave
N Westnedge A ve N Westnedge A ve N Westnedge A ve N Westnedge A ve N Westnedge A ve N Westnedge A ve
Willard Ct
N Westnedge A ve N Westnedge A ve
Greenwich Pl
Old O rchard P l
Allen B lvd
N Westnedge A ve N Westnedge A ve S West nedge Ave
S West nedge Ave S West nedge Ave
Oak St
Oakl
Uni on S t
Business US-131
Cobb Ave
Woodward A ve
Cobb Ave Woodward A ve
Cobb Av e Cobb Ave
Woodward A ve
Cobb Ave
Woodward A ve
Cobb Ave
St aples Ave
Woodward A ve
Cobb Ave
St aples Ave
Woodward A ve St aples Ave
Cobb Ave
Mit chel l P l
Elm S t
St uart A ve
t
Ct
Cat herine S
W M ain S treet
Main R.o.W
Davis S t
Bellevue Pl
Dr
Norm al V iew
and
Woodbury A ve
Hawley St
Cobb Ave
St uart A ve
St aples Ave
Sim pson St
Woodward A ve
St aples Ave St uart A ve
Cobb Ave
Elm S t
Woodward A ve
St uart A ve
Woodward A ve
Elm S t
St uart A ve
Woodward A ve
Elm S t
Locust St
Dav is S t Davis S t
Grant Ct Short Rd
Dav is S t
Newt on Ct Merrill St Merrill St Merrill St
Rd Long
Merrill St Merrill St
St earns A ve
Indiana A ve
St earns A ve
Indiana A ve
St earns A ve
Indiana A ve
Li nwood Dr
lvd eB y Chas Chev
Dr and Oakl
Oakl and Dr
Kent Ave Kent Ave
Oakl and Dr
Alley #6
Oakl and Dr
Alley #6
Kent Ave Kent Ave
Oakl and Dr
Alley #6
Kent Ave
Oakl and Dr Oakl and Dr
Kent Ave
Rut hin Rd
Oak Ridge Rd
Oakl and Dr
Kent Ave
Peekst ok Rd
Miles A ve
ood Milw hod Met
Timbe
Ave
Miles Pl
Mill er Rd
I-94
Winton A ve
Royce Av e
e St
Meado
dale
Mill er Rd
Alv an Rd
E Cork S t
E Cork S t
Portag
Old Colony Rd
Broadway St Alley #11
B lvd
Wai
Dr Oakl and Dr Oakl and
Dr and Oakl
St dway Broa
Lai rd Ave
Barnard Ave Barnard Ave
Lai rd Ave
Barnard Ave
Lai rd Ave
E Cork S t
St
Barnard Ave
Fern
Miles Pl
an Ave
Oakhurst A ve
Wheeler Ave
ge
Lai rd Ave
E Cork S t
Porta
Lai rd Ave
Winton A ve
Royce Ave
St
Royce Ave
Royce Ave
ge
Sun Valley Dr
Royce Ave
Royce Ave
Porta
R. o.W E Leona Ave
W Leona A ve
Ave
Kingston Ave
Ave
Royce Ave
Mill er Rd
R. o.W
Gle n w o o d El em e n ta ry Sc ho o l
Kingston Ave
Barber
St
W
Howland Ave
Mi lw o o d El em e n ta ry Sc ho o l
Mi lw o o d El em e n ta ry Sc ho o l Winton A ve
Del oofs Al ley
ge
en Dr
Hut chinson St
Zuidema Ct
W K ilgore Rd
Sheridan Dr
E Cork S t
Porta
Wo
E Cork S t
Foley S t
Sunnock Ave
Sunnock Ave St
Pierce Ave
E
W K ilgore Rd
Cam bridge Dr
Mi lw o o d Mi d dl e Sc ho o l
Sheridan Dr
Blvd
Alley #11
Lai rd Ave
Barnard Ave
Lai rd Ave
Alley #11
Barnard Ave
Lai rd Ave
Barnard Ave
Adam s St
Madison S t
E Cork S t
I-94
Sout hern A ve
nshire
Adam s St
E Cork S t
Howland Ave
Mill er Rd
Hom ecrest Ave
Cam bridge Dr
Sheridan Dr
Reycraft Dr
E Cork S t
Co r k L a n e Sh o p pi n g C en te r
Mill er Rd
Roseland A ve
Li ncol
Madison S t
Foley S t
Sheridan Dr
Reycraft Dr
Mill er Rd
Sout hern A ve
Cam bridge Dr
Vassar Dr
Sheridan Dr
Reycraft Dr
E Cork S t
Mill er Rd
Hom ecrest Ave
Sout hern A ve
Cam bridge Dr
Vassar Dr
Sheridan Dr
E Cork S t
St
Adam s St
. o.W
E Cork S t
ge
Madison S t
St First
St)
Mill er Rd
Porta
Adam s St
E Cork S t irst (F Ave ond m Red
MIL L ER W OO D S PAR K
Buena Vista St
Mill er Rd
Roseland A ve
Hom ecrest Ave
Sout hern A ve
Cam bridge Dr
Vassar Dr
E Cork S t
St
Adam s St
Cam bridge Dr
Pom eroy S t
E Cork S t
ge
Madison S t
Sout hern A ve
Monarch St
R .o . W
W Cork St
Buena Vista St
Hom ecrest Ave
Porta
Madison S t
Locust Pl
Davis S t
Dr and Oakl
Dr and Oakl Dr and Oakl Dr and Oakl Dr and Oakl
Brentwood A ve Brentwood A ve Brentwood A ve
Oakl
Dr and Oakl
Saxonia Ln
Dr and Oakl Dr
Rd
Dr
ield
ve te A Wai ve te A
Oakl and
Aberdeen Dr
Tipperary
Sheff
Aberdeen Dr
Bruce Dr
ve
Sheff ield Dr
Wai
Aberdeen Dr
Bruce Dr
Dr Broadwa
Carly
le
y St
te A
Broadway St
Lom ond Dr
Carlyle Dr
Frederi ck A ve
Lom ond Dr
Frederi ck A ve
Carlyle Dr
Broadway St
Ferdon Rd Ferdon Rd Ferdon Rd
k Par Hill s ide Wel lingt on Rd Wood S t
St
Palm er Ave
Fulton S t
Ave
St
Sheridan Dr
rial
Fulton S t
Roseland A ve
Hom ecrest Ave
Sout hern A ve
Palm er Ave
cork
omb
Impe
Business
Palm er Ave
Mill
Hoover S t
Sout hern A ve
I-94
E A lcott S t
Palm er Ave
Mill er Rd
Roseland A ve
Hom ecrest Ave
R. o.W
Alley
St
Mill er Rd
Roseland A ve
Hom ecrest Ave
Ri dgewood St
Whitc
St
Mill er Rd
Roseland A ve
Ave
e St
Knox S t
Ri dgewood St
Palm er Ave
Trai l's E nd
Mill er Rd
ecrest
Ln
Lowden St
Hom
Nort on Dr
Portag
Wood S t
Phill ips S t
Hom ecrest Ave
Ave
Lovers
Knox S t
ecrest
St
Lowden St
Hom
Burke
Hoover S t
Phill ips S t
Ave
e St
Hoover S t
Phill ips S t
Hom ecrest
Edgem oor A ve
Lane B lvd Business
E A lcott S t
Fulton S t
Frankl in
Portag
Lake Forest Dr
Duckett Dr (private)
Frankli n S t
S Burdick S t
Alley
E A lcott S t
Palm er Ave
Luel la Ct
St
Roxbury Ln
Fulton S t
Witwer Ct
Lane B lvd t St
Bryant St
E A lcott S t
Palm er Ave
Burke
Lak e Forest Dr
Locust St
Davis S t
Eldred St
St anwood St
St one S t
Dr and Oakl
Dr
m
ium
diu
Stad
Sta ldo Wa
Dr ium Stad
Dr and Oakl
Dr and Oakl
Dr and Oakl Dr and
Sp r u c e Dr Dr Oakl
and
Dr ield Sheff
Rd
ve
Tipperary
te A Wai
Broadway St Broadway St
Frederi ck A ve
Treehaven Dr
Dr ew
Ri dgevi
Pine Ridge Rd
Cir
Ri dgeview Dr
Ram bling Rd
Applelane
Russet Dr
Pine
Ridg
e
Rd
Ram bling Rd
Parkwyn Dr Dr
Elm S t
St uart A ve
Woodward A ve Woodward A ve
Elm wood Ct
Hawley St
St uart A ve
Woodward A ve
Jef ferson P l
Sum mer S t
Dougl as A ve Dougl as A ve
Ingleside Ter
Dougl as Ct
R. o.W Court
Dougl as A ve
Dougl as A ve
Ingleside Ter St
St
St
Thompson
Carm el
Buckl ey
Monroe S t Monroe S t
Monroe S t
Valley S t
& I-94 s ines Dr Bus ium Stad
131 US& I-94 s ines Bus
ve in A
Dr ield
Frederi ck A ve
Wai te A ve
Benjam
Sheff
Broadway St
Dr rd ngbi ki
Ram
bling
Rd
Moc
Sy cam ore Ln
Wai te A ve
Rd bling Ram
pr iv a t e)
wyn
Palm er Ave
I-94
Bryan
Bryant St
I-94
Lane B lvd
Rd
Park
So u th si de P la y gr o un d
Palm er Ave
St
Darm o S t
t E A lcott S
E A lcott S t
E A lcott S t
E A lcott S t
Business
Business
Lane B lvd
Rd
Bryant St
E A lcott S t
Reed Ave
tead
Bryant St
E A lcott S t
(C o un ty Ja il )
Lay Blvd
ening
Sy cam ore Ln
Elm S t
Hawley St
Denner St Monro
Monroe S t
Valley S t
Sprague Ave
Burrows Rd Burrows Rd -131 US &
I-94 Dr Busi ness ium Stad
US-
131
Howard St
We ste rn M ic h ig a n U ni ve r si ty
Knollwood A ve (Vacated) Sut herl and Ave
Knollwood A ve
Meadowvi ew Dr Meadowvi ew Dr
Lay Blvd
Lane B lvd
Publ ic S afet y St ati on #2
Reed Ave
Glend
Sh elt e r P o in t e D r . (
Lay Blvd
Lane B lvd
Ka la m a zo o C o u nty La w E n fo r ce m en t Fa ci li ty
Reed Ave
Olms
Lane B lvd
Egleston Ave
Hays P ark A ve
Reed Ave
Alley
Bryant St
E St ockbridge A ve
Egleston Ave
Cl inton A ve
Hays P ark A ve
Reed Ave
Lay Blvd
Portage
Greenl eaf Blvd
Lay Blvd
St
Blvd
Reed Ave
Lay Blvd
Lane B lvd
Bryant St
Bryant St
Lake St
E St ockbridge A ve
Cl inton A ve
Hays P ark A ve
Wa sh in g to n Sc h oo l
Dr
l eaf
Lay Blvd
Vernon Ct
Lake St
Olive S t
E St ockbridge A ve
Egleston Ave
Cl inton A ve
Hays P ark A ve
Portage
Green
Lay Blvd
Vernon S t
n Dr
Woodcli ff Dr
Lake St
St
Washingt on Ave
Egleston Ave
Cl inton A ve
Reed Ave
Nort on
Greenl eaf Ci r
Reed Ave
Norto
r
n
E St ockbridge A ve
Egleston Ave
Cl inton A ve
Hays P ark A ve
St
l eaf
Reed Ave
Pa rk
Portage
Green
Reed Ave
Re e d
St
Ci
Cobb Ave
Woodward A ve
Dougl as A v e Dougl as A ve Dougl as A ve
Prairie A ve
Denner St Prairie A ve
Denner St A ve
Denner St
Prairie
Prairie A ve
Denner St
Hi lbert St
Prairie A ve
Hi lbert St
Denner St t eS
Prairie A ve
Hi lbert St
Prospect Dr
ect St
Pr o s p Farrel l Ave Farrel l Ave
Laf ayett e Ave
Euclid A ve
Laf ayett e Ave Laf ayett e Ave
Fraternity Vil lage Dr.
Meadowvi ew Dr
Hawk Dr Hawk Dr
E St ockbridge A ve
Egleston Ave
Cl inton A ve
Terrace Ct
Portage
Ln
Ed is o n C en te r E St ockbridge A ve
Egleston Ave
Cl inton A ve
St
Tr
visio
Washingt on Ave
Portage
F ield
Lake St
Di
Wel ls P l
Washingt on Ave
E St ockbridge A ve
Egleston Ave
St
Old
Garden St
Lake St
St
Tr
Terrace Ct
ge
d
Cl inton A ve
Adelaide
gbir
E St ockbridge A ve
R. o.W
la S t
Son
E St ockbridge A ve
Porta
Old F ield Tr
Monroe S t
ra n G
Weaver A ve
Av nia for
Pine Terrace B lvd
Hawk Dr
Ct
Tray Ln
Bill
Sprague Ave
Burrows Rd
Sprague Ave
Woodside A ve
Dart mout h S t
Kendall Ave Kendall Ave
Arboretum P arkway
Kendall Ave Kendall Ave
West fall Ave
Weav er A ve
Dobbi n Dr Dobbi n Dr
Weaver A ve
Dobbi n Dr
West fall Ave
West morland A ve
Greenwood A ve
Cal ifornia A ve
Kim bark A ve
shire Berk
Kenbrooke Ct
Jack P ine Dr
Greenwood A ve
Duxbury S t
well
Ln
Berkshire Dr
Bos Boswell Ln
Eldridge Dr
Ln
Berkshire Dr
Eldridge Dr
Boswell Ln ell
Dr
Bosw
West morland A ve
o
Cr
Dobbi n Dr Dobbi n Dr
Hi
llbor
Ellendal e S t Ellendal e S t Ellendal e S t Red Pi ne Way
Jack P ine Dr
Em ajean S t y Ct
Jack
Ct
Mark
Dougl as A v e
Cir
od Persi anwo
w
N Sage St N Sage St N Sage St S Sage St S Sage St
e
Tray Ln
Dewey A ve
e St
Debbi e Ln
A ve
Portag
Todd Ln
Dewey
Wa sh in g to n Sq u a re Pu b li c L i br a ry
Luel
Research Way
Ct
Cricket Ln
St
St
Col lins
Col lins S t
Lake St
Lak e St
Sa in t J os e p h Sc ho o l
Loop
ge
Portage
F ield
Jackson St
I-94 B usiness
Ct
Porta
St
Old
Hat fi eld Ave
Lake St
Bank Portage
E St ockbridge A ve
t Dr P ark Crescent Crescen
E Vine St
Hat fi eld Ave Lake St
Lake St
Lake St
E A lcott S t
E Vine St
Loop
Jackson St
Garden St
E Vine St
ss
Pl
Old F ield Tr
S Rose St
Dougl as A ve
st We
Trai lswood Dr
Wind s Park Four
St one M ill Rd Hi ghgate Rd
Nort hampt on Rd
Hi ghgate Rd Hi ghgate Rd Hi ghgate Rd
N Drake Rd
Nort hampt on Rd St afford Rd St afford Rd
Nort hampt on Rd
St afford Rd
Nort hampt on Rd
Winchest er Pl
Nort hampt on Rd
Nort hampt on Rd
Newgat e Rd
Piccadilly Rd
Donni ngton Ter
Greenway Ter
Piccadilly Rd
N Drake Rd N Drake Rd
Piccadilly Rd Piccadilly Rd
Darby Ln
West bury Ln
N Drake Rd
Piccadilly Rd
N Drake Rd N Drake Rd S Drake Rd S Drake Rd S Drake Rd S Drake Rd S Drake Rd S Drake Rd
E Vine St
B usine
Cl ayborne Dr
ch
I-94
S Drake Rd
I-94)
&
Th e B o ys an d Gi rl s Cl u b of K a la m a zo o
Bran
S
E Vine St
Jackson St
Ed is o n El em e n ta ry Sc ho o l
Harrigan Ct
e St
nd
S Drake Rd
ess
E Vine St
Jackson St
Neum ater Ct Portag
S Drake Rd
usin
Jackson St
St
Newla
W a lt e r S t
Seneca Ln
(B
St
S Drake Rd
Hwy
(B usiness I-94)
e St
Wal ter
Ct
Carr St
E Michigan A ve
King
E Vine St
Portag
S Drake Rd
I-94)
Ct
S Drake Rd
ess
St
on Jacks
Hoek St
Carr
A ve
E Michigan A ve
ard
S Drake Rd
usin
ge
Mill
Porta
S Drake Rd
(B
St
Sa in t M o n ic a El em e n ta ry Sc ho o l W K ilgore Rd
A ve E Michigan
Fourth St
St
Mi lh a m Pa rk Go l f C o u rs e
W K ilgore Rd
ve
Hwy
ge
R. o.W
E Em erson St
Crescent Dr
Imperial S t
Pratt Rd
A
E Crosstown P kwy
Fourth St
St
Porta
cher
E Vine St
Pierce Ave
Pratt Rd
ichig an
E Michigan
E Crosstown P kwy
S Pit cher St
St
Ravinia St
Buchan
M
King
S Pit
S Drake Rd
I-94)
St
Dr
ess
St
cher
ge
Pit
Circle
A ve
usin
E
St
S
Porta
Tech
an
(B Hwy
ldon
St
Cross
P kwy
Cross
Fourth St
her
M arket plac e B lv d
Fairvi ew Ave
Parker
Sc hi p p er 's C r o ssi n g
E Michig
King
She
cher
S 12th St
e
I-94)
Sc hi p p er 's C r o ssi n g BR I S ite
Ho m e r S tryk e r Fi e ld
E Wal nut St
Pit
S 12th St
urs
ess
Ma y or s' R i ve rfr o nt P a rk
E Wal nut St
S
S 12th St
Co
usin
St
Inkst er Ave
Parker Ave
Evelyn Ave
Oak Openings
Sh e rw o o d Pa rk
lf
(B
r St
ge
E
Ma rk e t
W Al cot t St
Mill view A ve
W Cork St
Buchanan Ave
Charles A ve
Tri mble Ct
A ve
Go
Hwy
St
Ct
Foley S t
Buchanan Ave
Pleasant Home Ct
Ha c ke t H ig h S ch o o l
E Michigan
Hughes St
Pratt Rd
W K ilgore Rd
Charles A ve
Hi ghland Ave
A ve
row
King
nut
Li bert y S t
Pleasant Ave
Michi gan
Ct
E Crosstown P kwy
E
Pitc
Garf ield Ave
Parker Ave
Main
Main
Elder St
A ve
Ar
Wal
St
S
E Vine St
P kwy
Fa rm er s'
Denway Dr
Pleasan
Charles A ve
A ve
Red
Fishe
Porta
S 12th St
les
Michi gan
Henry
P kwy
Hut chinson St
Garf ield Ave
Pierce Ave
E
St E
King Hwy
Lake
Garl and S t
So u th C h r is tia n El em e n ta ry Sc ho o l
St Main
E
St
Char
-43) Ri verview Dr (M
I-94)
St
S 12th St
Dr
E
ess
age Port
Siesta Dr
Ri verview
usin
St
Siesta Dr
Dr
(B Hwy
cher
S 12th St
A ve
Ri verview
Am persee
St
Cent er S t
St Main
E
Main
E
Pit
S 12th St
h Ter
A ve
Dr (M -43)
Am persee
E Main
A ve
Rail y ards
Second S t
nd
town
town Cross
Roskam
Ci ty o f K al a m az o o Pu b li c S e rvi ce s
Ravini a St
omb
Eth e l R o ck w e ll Pa rk
Cent er S t
Main
St E
E Michi
gan
Hum phrey St
Eth e l R o ck w e ll Pa rk
Cent er S t
St E
Sherwood Ave
St
E Main
an A ve E Main St s St
St
nut
Seco
St
nd
E
Lake
Reed Ave
Edgem oor A ve
Whitc
Hum phrey St
Sout hwort
Ri verview
St
King
S
W Al cot t St
Fairfax S t
Oakhurst A ve
Pleasant Ave t Ave Pleasan
t Ave
Ct
St
Dr White Oak
's
cher
Parker Ave
Buchanan Ave
Cave
Pit
W K ilgore Rd
S
W K ilgore Rd
St
Di xie Ave
Hut chinson
Denway Dr
E Wal
St
St
Lake St
Reed Ave
Inkst er Ave
W Cork St
Parker Ave
Denway Dr
Englem an Ave
A ve
E Michig
Mill
cher
B lvd
town
E Belm ont St
Mill view A ve
Whitcomb St
W Cork St
Englem an Ave E Michigan
Pit
Bronson
Lam a Rd
Dr
W K ilgore Rd
S
Oak
Rd
ide
W K ilgore Rd
A ve
Lam a
Skyl er Dr
W K ilgore Rd
ester
Skyl er Dr
W K ilgore Rd
Lakes
Dr en
W K ilgore Rd
St
Garl and S t
Hut chinson St
Duke Ln
nd
P kwy
town
St
Fairvi ew Ave
Hut chinson St
Lynn A ve
nut
Seco
Seco
St
St
E St ockbridge A ve
Rem ine St
Inkst er Ave
Whitcomb St
Sherwood Ave
Roch
Elys Way Chene Dr
Hut chinson St
Parker Ave
Denway Dr
Dr
Dr
v
Whi te
Up J o hn P a rk
Lake St
St
Edgem oor A ve
Fairfax S t
Merrie Ln
Lynn A ve
Parker Ave
llandale E Hi
rook
ha od
Carolee St (P rivat e)
Wal
St
ton
E Cross
E Vine St
Ct John St reet
W M aple S t
Creston Ave
it e s
W Cork St
E
Up J o hn P a rk
E Em erson St
Montrose A ve
Whites Rd
Li bert y S t
l Dr
B lvd
Sunnyb
Sk yl er Dr
Pa rk #1
Inkst er Ave
Creston Ave
Fairvi ew Ave
Whitcomb St
St
n
St
Upj ohn Dr
Parkwood Dr
Montrose A ve
Cl over St
on
f Ln
Aut umn Crest Ln
Rd
o odha v
Lake St
Grandview A ve
Edgem oor A ve
Fairvi ew Ave
Whites Rd
Par 4 Rd
Cl over St
Brons
Edgeclif
Rd
Dr
tcher
Ln
US -131
ing Angl
N Hillandale Dr
Dr
Flora
Oak
Pi
Lakeside
White
Rd
#2
ng Angli
Dr
Rd
La k es id e Sp e ci a l E d uc a tio n Sc ho o l
Dr
N
ydid
US -131
ng Angli
Fore st
Ridge
Carolee St (P rivat e)
Par 4 Rd
N Hillandale Dr
Dr ng Angli
Inkst er Ave
Pro v id e n ce Ch r is tia n Sc ho o l
mb
nut
Dut
Albany S t
Parker Ave
B lvd
Kat
-131
Oakl and
k Dr
t
W B elmont
Pa rk w o od / Up J o hn El em e n ta ry Sc ho o l
t
St
Gibso
E
Wal
E Maple St
Di xie Ave
Parkwood Dr
t
Gibso
cher
St
Balch S t
Cr a ne P a rk
Edgem oor A ve
Montrose A ve
Ga g ie El em e n ta ry Sc ho o l
Whitco
Dr
US
ybroo
Inkst er Ave
Pit
St
St evens A ve
Park
Lake
Montrose A ve
Hol -Hi Dr
Bronson
e
Sunn
Inkst er Ave
Edgem oor A ve
lvd
ton
W E merson S t
Grandview A ve
Par 4 Cr
Hazel A ve
e
Dut
Pkw
Edgewood Dr
Rd
Dr
Wildwood P l
Fairvi ew Ave
St evens A ve
Edgewood Dr
Angling
Dr Lake Hill
B
Whites Rd
Lynn A ve
Hazel A ve
nS Gibso
nS
E
y n
aple
Cr a ne P a rk
Parkwood Pl
Bridge St
Hot op A ve
Sherwood Ave
. O'Neill St
t
E
Fa ci li ty
Born Ct
Sum mit Dr
B lvd
Bridge St
Fairbanks Ct Hot op A ve
-43)
Rd
Beacon S t
Cent er S t
Re d Ar ro w Pa rk
Ash
St evens A ve
Edgewood Dr
son
Wh
Par 4 Rd
M
(M
Alexander S t
Alexander S t
Ri chard A ve
Balch S t
Rd
-43)
Rd
-43)
Rd
Gibson S t
S
S
Cros
Cr o ss to w n
Rd
-43)
-43)
Hum phrey St
Cent er S t
Mill s St
-43) (M A ve E Michigan
Love
St
St evens A ve
Edgewood Dr
vat e)
Brandy wi ne Rd
chester
Bronson B lvd
B lvd
Whites Rd
Lakeside
Ka lin
(pri
Ka la m a zo o C o u ntr y C l ub
Bent on Ave
Hazel A v e
r St
Bronson
Hol -Hi Dr
Springmont A ve
Hazel A ve
Bron
B lvd
B lvd
A ve
son
Whites Rd
Ka la m z oo C o u n try C l u b
Haz el A v e
Porte
West
oor
Alley
Bron
B lvd
Am hers t Ave
Bent on Ave
Springmont A ve
E
stow E
Ju sti ce
Maple Ct
W
-43)
Sherwood Ave
t
Ash
Am hers t Ave
Bent on Av e
Springmont A ve
hS
E Dut ton St
E Vine St
Upj ohn Dr
St
Alley
Beekman Ct
W M aple S t
BRI S it e
Co nsum er Power
E Wal nut St
Bro n s on
Hei lman Ct
Av
(M St
-43)
Bridge St
Hot op A ve
BRI S it e
E Michigan A(M ve -43)
E Kalam azoo Ave
E Lovell S t
Fellows Ave
Burr Oak S t
ick
Am hers t Ave
Bent on Ave
le St ap M
Garl and S t
Whites Rd
A ve
Wo o ds L ak e
Sc ho o l
Sout
Wal l S t
Vander Sal m Ct
H o w a rd S t
El em e n ta ry
Alley #2
E
St
E Wal nut St
E Vine St
l Di xie P
Bronson Cr
Parkview A ve
Logan Ave
Alley #2
E Harrison Ct
Egleston Ave
Beekman Ct
Co nsum er Power
A ve
Ho s p ita l
Burd
Logan Av e
th
Old Bro nson Meth odist Hospita l
W V ine S t
(M
-43)
Rd
-43)
Hum phrey St
S
Oa kw o o d El em e n ta ry Sc ho o l
Sou
E
W E merson S t
(M Gull
Rd
Rd
St
Federal Ct
E Dut ton St
Ce n tra l We ll fie l d
W E merson S t
er Ave
Wilshire
Edgem oor A ve Edgem
Whites Rd
E
th
John St
Edgem oor A ve
y Rd
Whites Rd
Sou
Me th o d is t
Rose Pkwy
Balch S t
d
Am hers t Ave
Whites Rd
lley
St
Edgem oor A ve
A ve
Edge
Oa kw o o d Pl a za
iew Parkv
Den Adel Ct
W Cros st own P k w y
R
Logan Av e
Parkview A ve
an
age Port
oor
sA
E Wal nut St
W Dutt on S t
Forest S t
rk
St Gull
E Michig
ll
Ter
Ci r
m
E Harrison Ct
St(M
Bridge St
E Nort h S t
St
er
Gull
Cave's Ct E Ransom S t
A ve
E Lovell S t
Rose Pl
Cr o ss to w n Pa rk
ale
Logan Av e
St evens A ve
Sunnybrook
Moonlit e Ave
sh
Gl en
Inkst er Ave
Edgeridge
B lvd
Dr l and Oak
Sun Valley Dr
Ln
ar
on
Parkview A v e
Ci r
Forest
kM
Inkst
Dr
Wo o ds L ak e Pa rk
Springmont A ve
r
Lake
Forest
West chester Ln
Ln
stuc
Brons
Alley #1
a rP
W
Blvd
Sunset
Chase
E But ler Ct
E Kalam azoo Ave
gan
St
Peeler St
Ln
Chevy
E
W Walnut S t
Houst on P l
Burr Oak S t
S
Public Pat h
Em bury Rd
Hi llshire
Cl ovell
Dr
Pu b li c S a fety Sta tio n # 7
Book A lley
ee
W M aple S t
son
Chevy Chase B lvd
lvd
E Nort h S t
E Harkin Ct
E. Harki n Ct.
Wat
E Michi
age Port
W M aple S t
Peeler St
Blvd
Greenl eaf
eB
Pu blic Safet y
E Frank St
E Frank St
E Ransom S t
E Sout h S t
E Lovell S t
Rd
-43)
Rd
ow n
ay
-43)
Beacon S t Gull
Pu blic Safet y
E Nort h S t
St
E Exchange P l
atre
Gladys Ct
(P rivate Court )
Pioneer St
Pi on
Cherry S t
Klein
Winchel l Ave
y Chas
er
-43)
Sta tion #3
St Ray
St
E Nort h S t
A ve
gan Michi
E Michigan A ve
zoo
te The
Gordon Pl
(M
St
Gull
St(M
Gull
(M
St
Gull
E Pat erson St
Ray
E Ransom S t
Ct Ihling
Wilrad Ct
W V ine S t
Forest S t
Howard St
Bron
Dover Rd
Burnham Dr
e dg
in A ve
E
b ri
W M aple S t
hire
r
W M aple S t
Wils
Ci
Chev
Whites Rd
Edgewood Dr
Ci
Pioneer St
ol
Dr
eaf
Dr
S ch o
Ka zo o
Lakeside
Dr
Moonlit e Av e
Blac kberry Ln
ce
Myrt le St
W Cedar S t
W Walnut S t
Cr o ss to w n Pa rk
Howard St
We ste rn M ic h ig a n U ni ve r si ty
A ve
La k e
Crest
Hazel A v e
Gree
Pa rk vi e w G a rd e ns Pa r k
(Pr iv a te )
Spru
ma
Sta
W Dutt on S t
Wal l S t
Skirrow Pl Skirrow Pl
Molhoek Ct
So u th M i d dl e Sc h oo l
W M aple S t
Pa rk
Am herst Av e
Springmont A ve
r
eaf
ine
Crest Dr
Parkview A ve
Gree
nl
Winchel l Ave
on Rd
Crest Dr
St arl ite Dr
Eventide Dr
Hi llcrest S t
Cherry S t
S
e e n Dr
Ave
Ln
nl
lingt
Dr
Am hers t Ave
Gree
ydid
on
Kaline Av e
Pioneer St
Howard St
Kensington Dr
Alley #1
Ci
Rd
Howard St
Argy le Ave
Chevy Chas e B lvd
y St
ington
Kat
Hort
Oa k Co m m o n
dwa
Park view A ve
r eaf Ci
Old
Old F ield Tr
Ev er gr
Benjam
A ve
Lorraine A ve
n Dr
Gle n P ar k
Greenl
Pl
Tr
e Dr
A ve
Kens
(P rivate)
F ield
-131
F ield
Dr
Park view A v e
Springmont A ve
eaf
Hi llcrest S t
Lorra
Are a ve
St arl ite Dr
Eventide Dr
Legend
Kensingto Kensington
Wel
Broa
Rd
Ln
Old
US
Old
Wel lingt on Rd
on
Bl uff
-131
Are a
Lorraine A ve
Ferd
Pine
US
Lol ich Cr
ar k Gle n P
Ave
-131
Co m m o n
Hort on Dr
A
Wel lingt on Rd
rk Ca n y on P a
si n
US
Cr ic ke t
Hort on Dr
Rd
ington
Dr
Greenl eaf Ci r
nl
St
r
oor
on
Winchel l Ave
Chev y Chase B lvd
Lorra
Lorraine A ve
Rd
Bl vd
lingt
Kens
Winchel l Av e
Chev y Chase B lv d
Applelane Ave
Ferdon
Brooklyn
Tam
Dr
ff Dr
Di ckie Dr
em
Dr
Wel
Park view A ve
Am hers t Ave
Woodcli
Moraine Tr
Hi gh Rd Long
Howard St
W M aple S t
Edg
Parkwyn
Applelane Av e
Lorraine A v e
Parkview A ve
Dr
r C am pus D
p le
Wat
E
St
er
E
la
E Pat erson St
Ve rb u rg Pa rk
Parsons St
E Frank St
E But ler Ct
E
Wat
Bate
Ka
E Pat erson St
Ro se P ark
Ar cadia Fest iv ia l Site
De Vi sser Al ley
W Lovell St
W Cedar S t
W V ine S t
Forest S t
McCourt ie S t
Midv
Dr
Dr
Dr
pu
s pu
am
pu s
Ma
re s tS t
Ri chardson S t
Myrt le St
E Kalam azoo Ave
E Kalam azoo Ave
W S outh St
W Lovell St
Reese Ct
W Walnut S t
W Dutt on S t
Ci ty P a rk
Axtell S t
P kwy
et
wyn
esin
C
m Ca
am
Winchel l Av e
Russ
Park
Tali
Tam si n Av e
WIN C H E LL EL E ME N TAR Y SC H OO L
ine
Applelane Ave
Axtell S t
McCourt ie S t
t own
Winchel l Ave
Cir
Applelane Ave
Lorraine A ve
C
Hil lc
E. Harki n Ct.
W M ichi gan Ave
W E xchange P l
ed
W S outh St
s Luke l St. is copa Ep
W Cedar S t
Wheaton A ve
Cross
Rd
dgev iew
Lorraine A ve
r
Dic ki e D r
Wat terworth Dr
Winchel l Ave
Larry
Ri
Parkview A ve
Sp
Spruc
Fitch
Winchel l Av e
Dr
Pa rk #2
Park view A v e
Cros swi nd Dr Crosswi nd Dr
n Dr
bling
esin
W
Cent erri dge Rd
Audubo
Ln
Tali
Ac orn Ln
Magnolia Cir
Dr
Minor A ve
Oak Ct
W
Dr
St
D
have n
Ln
Winchel l Ave
Tali esin
#1
Pa rk
D
Ke n n ed y C e nte r Sp e ci a l E d uc a tio n Sc ho o l
Ka la m a zo o Pu b li c S ch o o ls
Howard St
Dr
Ln
ore
Ram
l Ave
Sycam
on
een
Pine Grov e
s
US -131 I-94 &
Aberd
eG ro ve Ln
Tree
Evanst
ch o o l
Aberdeen Dr
Boblink Ln F a ir Oa k s D r
Dr ks
s to n St
orm
Academy S t
Park P l
McCourt ie S t
Ad m in . B ld g .
Pu b li c S a fety Sta tio n # 6 St
Ref
Br onso n Par k
E Nort h S t
E Ransom S t
Whiskey A lley
k oc St
-131 I-94 & US
Business Dr
& US -131
Ri ght-of-Way
Parkview A v e
High S
St adium Dr
ir Oa Fa
Parkview A ve
Ev a n
Busin Dr
OO OF AZ M UTE S KALA IT INST ART THE
West nedge Ct
Minor A ve
Wheaton A ve
Forest S t
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W North St
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W M ain
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as A
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(M -43)
Mason S t
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ve
W M ain S t
Dougl
Londonderry Ave
Chel ten A ve
W M ain S t
o Ave
Blakeslee S t
A
(M -43)
Alam
Ogden Ave
Blakeslee S t
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W P aterson S t
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W P rout y S t
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Denni s Ct
o Ave
Croy den Av e
W P rout y S t
Lul u S t
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W P rout y S t
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Rd
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N Pi
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W Hopkins S t
W Hopkins S t
W P rout y S t
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Ravine Rd
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Ln
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Dr
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St
Regent
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Ri verv iew Dr
Regen
St
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Rd
Sp ri n g Va l le y Pa rk
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Mt
Grand P rairie Rd
Rd
-43)
Rd
Nazareth Rd
Oli
vet
Rd
Spring Valley Dr
Ri verview Dr
Mt
Oli
vet
(M
Gull
(M
Gull
Oxf
Di ck in s o n F ie ld
Grand P rairie Rd
Rd
Sp ri n g Va l le y Pa rk
Nazareth Rd
Mt Rd
Sp ri
vet
Ri verview Dr
Virginia Ave
Monterey
Seville Ave
Oli
Dr
vet
Rd
Nazareth Rd
Mt
Oli
vet
Mosel A ve
Rd
Virginia Ave
Mosel A ve
Dr
Mosel A ve
Alpine S t
Mosel A ve
Range St
Mt
Dr
Ci marron Dr
Troy A ve
Brook
Troy A ve
er
Court landt A ve
Mt
Oli
Ci marron Dr
Bard A ve
Parchmount Ave
Sp ri n g Va l le y El e me n ta ry S c ho o l
Glendale B lvd
Brook Dr
Sonora S t
Mt
Slat
Sonora S t
Bard A ve
Parchmount Ave
Glendale B lvd
Range St
a Dr Sierr
Dr
Bard A ve
Parchmount Ave Mt Oli vet Rd
Parchmount Ave
Glendale B lvd
Dext er Ave
Chandl er A ve
Chandl er A ve
Ci marron
Glendale B lvd
Random Rd
Virginia Ave
Onondaga Ave
Court landt A ve
Birch Ave
Glendale B lvd
Random Rd
Birch Ave
lvd
Michael A ve
Virginia Ave
Onondaga Ave Onondaga Ave
Park Ave
Court landt A ve
Virginia Ave
Park Ave
Glendal eB
Spanish Rd
Mosel A ve
Glenhaven Ave
Brairwood Ave
Glendale B lvd
Onondaga Ave
Park Ave
Birch Ave
Glenhaven Ave
Brairwood Ave
Brairwood Ave
Corlot S t
Cl arni n S t
Parchmount Ave
Glendale B lvd
E G Ave
E G Ave
Glenhaven Ave
Mt Oli vet Rd
E G Ave
Corlot S t
Mead S t
Cl arni n S t
Corlot S t
Ka la m a zo o /B attl e C re e k In te rn a tio n a l Ai rp o rt
Portage Rd
15 paterson 2014
Portage Rd
16 lovell 2011 2 portage 2011
Ka la m a zo o /B attl e C re e k In te rn a tio n a l Ai rp o rt
E Milham Rd
E Milham Rd
Willoughby Dr
Portage Rd
21 solon kendall 2003
E Milham Rd
E Milham Rd
22 lafayette 2003 26 milham 2014
Ka la m a zo o /B attl e C re e k In te rn a tio n a l Ai rp o rt
27 romence 2014 Mastenbr ook Dr
3 west michigan 2011 4 oakland 2014 5 east main 2007 6 parchment 2011 7 alamo 2011
Ka la m a zo o /B attl e C re e k In te rn a tio n a l Ai rp o rt
8 egleston 2011 9 gull 2007 City Boundary parks Buildings roads Water Features
42 MASTER PLAN
imagine kalamazoo 2025
CONNECTED CITY
3. Transit Planning 3.1 Transit Circulation
Transit Supportive Development. The City of
Through IK 2025, participants discussed the desire for
Kalamazoo recognizes that finite land area exists
an expanded transit system. Expansion of the current
for development and compact building types that
hub and spoke network could include additional
encourage walkability also support retail vitality and
transfer stations (hubs) and new routes and stops. In
transit ridership. The Future Land Development Plan
addition to network changes, transit discussion in IK
took the location of transit routes into consideration
2025 also noted the need for changing perceptions
by locating walkable urban mixed use development
of transit ridership and creating transit-supportive
along transit corridors.
development. Transit also relies on maintaining a network of System Expansion. IK 2025 results found that many
publicly accessible streets and pathways that are
would like to see additional transfer stations within
safe and convenient for walking and bicycling.
the network. Additional hubs would provide flexibility
Additional bicycle facilities, such as safe, covenant
within the system, allowing users to more easily reach
parking and repair stations should be considered
their destinations without having to first travel to the
near transit stops. Sidewalks at transit stops,
Transportation Center in Downtown to change buses.
particularly in Nodes and Downtown should
New routes and stops should be explored to ensure
be sufficiently wide to accommodate waiting
all neighborhoods have transit access connecting
passengers. Developing a network of inviting public
to commercial areas, the university campuses, and
spaces within our streets encourages transit, in
Downtown. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is another option
addition to fostering social interaction, pedestrian
for expanding the system that should be explored -
activity, environmental sustainability, economic
specifically, what routes would be most appropriate
growth, and public health.
for this service. Enhanced Transportation. To increase transit ridership, the perception of transit in Kalamazoo needs to change. Increased education on routes, destinations, and service record can impact potential riders perception. Last year, funding from Metro Transit, the City, and grants began to update transit stops to meet ADA requirements throughout their service area. In the next 5 years, new signage, benches, and shelters will be located in high ridership areas. Partnerships between Kalamazoo businesses and Metro Transit can assist in reaching more potential riders.
Best Practice: Bus Rapid Transit Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a transit system that utilizes bus-only lanes, traffic signal priority, limited stops, and offboard fare payment to increase speed and reliability as compared to a local bus service. BRT systems have many of the same benefits of a light rail system - at a fraction of the cost. The City of Grand Rapids was the first in Michigan to institute a BRT system in 2014. Within one year, ridership increased by 35%. Source: www.rtamichigan.org/what-is-bus-rapid=transit
43 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
CONNECTED CITY
4. Non-Motorized Plan In 1998, the City adopted the first Non-Motorized Plan. This update builds off of the original plan recognizing that it was not substantially completed, and that it encompasses the framework for improving the right-of-way. This is not a special interest plan for recreational needs, while that group will stand to benefit, the focus is rather to become a City where the needs of all people and their transportation choices are planned for. The term “pedestrian” will be used broadly to cover walking, bicycling, and individuals who utilize personal mobility devices such
are in poor condition; locations are dangerous for crossing. • Speeding on the part of drivers. • Transit stops need ADA improvements, shelters, bike racks, and route information. Complete Network. Gaps and conditions in the sidewalk system were common topics discussed
Best Practice: Walkability Walkable City - 10 Actions Cities can Take to Improve Quality of Life:
as scooters and wheelchairs.
4.1 Pedestrian Environment It is important that the design of the Non-Motorized Plan network understand who will be walking and cycling in Kalamazoo; and what deters others from choosing to walk or bicycle. An assessment of the current status of walkability in Kalamazoo was made with the assistance of many residents, the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study (KATS), and City’s Public Services Department. During Imagine Kalamazoo input sessions, walking audits, and evaluations were conducted throughout the city. Participants used maps to record observations about pedestrian and bicycling conditions. The general pedestrian issues identified through Imagine Kalamazoo are: • The need to improve crossing conditions at many busy intersections. • Sidewalks missing or in poor condition. • Access management is needed; curb cuts
44 MASTER PLAN
1) Put cars in their place - cities should put aside the “car-first” mentality. 2) Mix the uses - a diversity of uses and supportive zoning encourages walking. 3) Get the parking right - under priced parking discourages adaptive reuse. 4) Let transit work - transit must be intentionally designed and enjoyable. 5) Protect the pedestrian - road improvements should focus on safety. 6) Welcome bikes - cities must encourage cycling. 7) Shape the spaces - good design increases the number of pedestrians. 8) Plant trees - street trees increase auto safety and the pedestrian environment. 9) Make friendly building faces - entertain pedestrians with good design. 10) Pick your winners - focus on priority areas. Source: “Walkable City” by Jeff Speck. “10 Techniques for Making Cities More Walkable.” City Lab; December 2012.
imagine kalamazoo 2025
CONNECTED CITY
2017 Existing Sidewalk Map
45 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
CONNECTED CITY
during IK 2025. Meeting participants drew directly
available for rest, and these amenities can create an
on maps to illustrate areas of missing sidewalks
additional buffer along traffic lanes.
and locations of those in poor condition. To prioritize closing the gaps, participants noted their
4.2 Bicycle Network
most frequent destinations: schools, parks, and
The City is committed to continuously improving
Neighborhood or Commercial Nodes topped the list.
the bicycling environment in Kalamazoo. In 2017, the
As a goal for future sidewalk projects, residents noted
City was awarded a bronze Bicycle Friendly Award
that the City should focus first around these areas,
from The League of American Bicyclists. Community
using 1/4 mile or about a 5-minute walk.
Planning & Development, Parks and Recreation, and Public Services are working together, along with
Sidewalks as well as bicycle networks need to focus
Kalamazoo County Parks, local bicycle advocacy
on the Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s foundational block system to repair and
groups, and local anchor institutions, to provide a
complete the non-motorized connectivity. Existing
comprehensive bicycle network. With City partners
sidewalks are shown on subsequent pages and
and local businesses, the goal is to achieve a gold
should meet all American Disabilities Association
certificate by 2020.
(ADA) requirements. Crosswalks should be used to keep pedestrians together where they can be seen
Primary Network Routes. The primary bicycle
by motorists. Crosswalks with pedestrian timed
network is composed of both on street and off
signals are critical in commercial areas, especially
street facilities that connect throughout the City.
in Nodes and in Downtown. All sidewalks should be
The updated 2025 Non-Motorized Map shown is
designed to be wide enough for two people to pass
built upon the 1998 map and includes additional
comfortably at a minimum and clear of obstacles.
routes identified with IK2025 participants to connect
Streetscape improvements can add to the enjoyment
neighborhoods with destinations. Using the combined
of walking when shaded by trees, benches are
Land Use and Transportation Framework, each street
Kalamazoo Mall
Photo credit: Neal Conway
KRVT Upjohn Park
Photo credit: Rebekah Kik
Streetscape improvements make sidewalks safe, accessible, and
Development near rivers or creeks should make these natural
appealing for everyone. Photo credit: Neal Conway
elements as accessible as possible while protecting the environment. Photo credit: Neal Conway
46 MASTER PLAN
imagine kalamazoo 2025
CONNECTED CITY
will be evaluated for the type of bicycle facility that
published regularly to help cyclists who are starting
is appropriate to safely operate within the right-of-
to ride and for visitors to understand the network.
way, or to plan for off-street paths. Coordination with
Other promotions can be published to inform users of
transit is also important in creating a comprehensive
special events, bicycle amenity locations, and make
transportation network. Bicycle parking is needed at
use of Kalamazoo’s natural resources. Partnering
hubs and key stops where transit routes and bicycle
with existing events such as Bike Week, the Tweed
routes intersect.
Ride, and the Slow Roll are excellent opportunities to introduce a friend to the network.
Infrastructure. Effective bicycle infrastructure requires the right facilities in the right locations. The
Shared Use Paths. Plans for a regional green way
context of city streets should first be evaluated with
began in the early 1990’s. Since then over 130 miles
the Complete Streets policy. Bicycle facility options
of trailway have been built throughout the County.
should be vetted with extensive public engagement
Since 1998, the City of Kalamazoo has been a major
to determine whether bicycle routes should be
missing link to the system. In 2016. plans began to
signed, striped, protected, or off-street and which
solidify around the “Downtown Connector” that would
options are available due to right-of-way constraints.
connect the Jack Coombs trail at Harrison Street with
To pilot and test bicycle routes and configurations
the Kal-Haven Trail at Westnedge Avenue. A pop
pop-up bike lanes can be used to gain insight and
up bike lane was tested in early 2015 which lead to
pubic input. Amenities like placing bicycle racks
several routes being considered. In 2017, the trail was
should be planned along surrounding streetscape
complete from east to west. Designs for the north
and land development, with concentrated groups of
to south connection from the Jack Coombs, that
bike parking within Nodes and in Downtown.
connects into the Portage Creek Bicentennial Park
The distribution of maps and other information about
trail at Kilgore Road are being finalized. A portion from
bicycling in Kalamazoo needs to be updated and
Walnut Street to Lake Street that runs through Upjohn Park was finished in 2017.
Organized bicycling events positively impact the economy of Michigan. Participants in these events support local businesses and bring tourism to cities. Source: Michigan Department of Transportation. “The Economic Benefits of Bicycling in Michigan.”
47 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
CONNECTED CITY
Bicycle Network: Existing & Planned
Non-Motorized Plan Legend Bike Lane Sharrow - Shared Marking Wide Shoulder Signed Route Shared Use Path/Trail Planned Non-Motorized Infrastructure is represented with a dashed line
48 MASTER PLAN
imagine kalamazoo 2025
CONNECTED CITY
The City of Kalamazoo intends to continue to link trailways through the City to link with the KRVT offering the community an excellent commuting and recreational asset. These facilities, due to their access within residential areas provide a travel option to many business and cultural destinations.
4.3 Designing and Maintaining Pedestrian Facilities To create a pedestrian friendly community, Kalamazoo has a solid infrastructure to build from. Downtown and neighborhoods both have an extensive network of sidewalks to build upon.
Bell’s Bicycle Parking
Photo credit: Rebekah Kik
Bike racks at local businesses near the trail and bike lanes give residents and visitors the option not to drive and free parking.
Best Practice: Urban Trails Indianapolis Cultural Trail
Indianapolis, Indiana, is taking what may be the boldest step of any American city towards supporting bicyclists and pedestrians. The Indianapolis Cultural Trail, 8 miles of separated greenway, more than just a separated bike path, the Cultural Trail is an economic development tool that will help support and connect the city’s many cultural and civic destinations. It will help revitalize the inner city by bringing more people downtown and increasing the length of time that people spend in the central city. It will also enhance street life at existing destinations and help foster new public spaces throughout the downtown. A combination of private and federal funds is being used to pay for the project. Public spaces have generally not attracted this kind of private investment, particularly in car-dominated heartland cities, but a bold vision and strong leadership at a community foundation has now raised the bar for other cities. Source: Project for Public Spaces: “Bold Moves and Brave Actions. Article. www.pps.org
Kalamazoo Ave. KRVT Connector
Photo credit: Rebekah Kik
“Downtown Connector” of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail connects east and west ends of the regional trail to businesses.
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To develop specific pedestrian plans that address
building frontage. Not all streets can accommodate
design options and policies that can impact walking
every zone as much of Kalamazoo is built and side-
is now a recognized best practice among cities.
walk width is constrained. Each sidewalk can be con-
There are many examples that Kalamazoo can look
sidered by Street Type to evaluate which zones are
to for ideas. One of the most notable changes is the
necessary for each zone. Recommendations for each
National Association for City Transportation (NACTO)
zone width cannot always be met, competition for
Urban Street Design Guide that is a resource of non-
space can be designed through reducing the width of
motorized facilities throughout the world. Adopting
some or all of the zones or increasing the dimension
standards from NACTO is incorporated into the City’s
of the entire sidewalk.
Complete Street Policy.
Neighborhood Sidewalk. In residential and neighborhood commercial areas the furnishing/curb lawn
The Sidewalk. Sidewalks in their simplest form,
zone is usually planted with grass and trees. Space
join intersections together and are the ‘pedestrian
for signage, utilities, transit stops, and other ameni-
travel lane’. This closer examination reveals a stage
ties depending on the surrounding environment. The
of activity determined by design considerations like
walkway area should be no less than 5 feet in resi-
sidewalk width, pavement type and texture, building
dential areas and no less than 6 feet in neighborhood
placement, awnings and street furniture giving the
commercial areas.
City its walkable life.
Transit stops, shelters, loading pads, and signs are located in the furnishing zone. Care should be taken to
Good pedestrian access and routing is defined by the
consider the transit user’s comfort and safety. All ADA
sidewalk network and its quality throughout the City.
requirements must be met.
The role of the urban sidewalk extends beyond that of
Connector Street. Along Connector streets the side-
a mere pathway for pedestrians. The urban sidewalk
walk is sometimes only available on one side of the
is the connective tissue that unifies the pedestrian
street. If possible, on-street parking, an extended
experience within the fabric of the downtown public
furniture zone, trees, and other amenities should be
realm. It is a place for social exchange, dining, enter-
included when the street intersects with neighbor-
tainment, shopping and people watching. Such great
hood commercial Nodes. The frontage zone is the
streetscapes engage us and enlivens physical activity.
space from the building face to the walkway that can
People are willing to walk longer distances when they
be anything from a few inches to a several feet. Some
are in an environment that stimulates and offers an
street furniture such as benches, awnings, and plant-
experience to our destination.
er boxes can be located in this zone. Priority and Main Streets. In commercial areas the fur-
The Sidewalk Zones. The sidewalk is made up of
nishing zone can be paved or planted. Landscaping
four zones: curb, furnishing/ curb lawn, walkway, and
elements should always be included, even where it is
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Green Infrastructure: Residential
Before - Typical residential street. www.nacto.org
After - Residential street with stormwater plantings. 1. planting strip. 2. bike boulevard; curb extensions. 3. Mid=block extension. 4. Permeable pavement blocks. www.nacto.org
Best Practice: Sidewalk Zones - Boston, MA
Vibrant sidewalks bustling with pedestrian activity are not only used for transportation, but for social walking, lingering, and people watching. Sidewalks, especially along Downtown Commercial, Downtown Mixed-Use, and Neighborhood Main Streets, should encourage social uses of the sidewalk realm by providing adequate widths. www.nacto.org
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paved. Trees, potted plants, green infrastructure like
Identifying the Street Types Framework begins to
rain garden planters all improve the walking environ-
establish design expectations for intersections or
ment and the adjacent development.
corner queuing zones as a basic pedestrian design measure. To create a walkable city, great care must
In the furnishing zone, tree wells should always be
be given to intersection design as they connect types
flush with the surrounding pavement. Commercial
of streets and Nodes. Creating street and intersection
areas will include sidewalk cafes, bike racks, signs,
design guidelines are essential to minimizing conflicts
mailboxes, transit stops, traffic control hardware, and
between different modes of travel.
lighting; all other utilities should be buried. It is essential that the furnishing area is adequate so that clear
The intersections within the Street Types Framework
space is retained for the walkway.
are defined along major pedestrian routes. At the intersection of Priority and/or Main Street types these
Driveways. Driveways intersecting with the side-
are identified as Priority intersections. They should be
walk are conflict points with drivers and pedestrians.
studied as valuable trade offs in traffic operations, to
Sidewalks should always cross the driveways instead
decrease walking distances and improve pedestrian
of having driveways sloping through walkways. The
visibility where street geometries allow. Intersections
sloped portion of the driveway apron should be kept
of Main Streets with any other street type shall also be
entirely within the furnishing zone and kept as narrow
considered a Priority Intersection. (Figure 4)
as possible. The intersections of Connectors and Sub-Urban Adjacent Parking Lots. Parking lots should provide
Streets shall be considered for Connector and Sub-
landscaping, wheel stops, walls or fences to prevent
Urban Intersection design as a minimum. (Figure 5)
encroachment of vehicles onto sidewalks. Gravel
Crosswalks. Most crosswalks at minor street
from unpaved parking lots should not be allowed to
intersections are unmarked and the crossing distance
accumulate on sidewalks and snow cleared from lots
is typically short. Crosswalks that are marked at mid-
should not accumulate onto the sidewalk.
block crossings should be signed for pedestrians and all applicable laws. Pedestrians have the right of way
Intersections. Intersections represent the critical
at crosswalks but are required by law to obey traffic
junction of all modes of travel. The safety and
control devices and laws. Crosswalks throughout
efficiency for transportation modes are defined the
the City are important connective infrastructure that
by the design and operation of intersections, most
can also be used to denote urban trail connectivity,
importantly pedestrian crossing treatment at the
celebrate gateways of neighborhoods, cultural
intersections.
amenities, and festivals. Attributes of good crosswalks:
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Priority and Main Street Intersection Design
Figure 4
All modes should be considered, green infrastructure, visibility, and high pedestrian movements. www.nacto.org
Connector and Sub-Urban Intersection Design
Figure 5
All modes should be considered, green infrastructure, visibility, and high automobile movements. www.nacto.org
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Clarity. It is clear where to cross and easy to
All other intersections at a minimum shall be
understand possible conflict points with traffic.
Americans with Disabilities Act compliant. When a
Visibility. Pedestrians can see and be seen by
school, park, multi-family residential, neighborhood
approaching traffic; lighting is adequate and obstacles
church, or other neighborhood amenity is within 1/4
do not obscure the view.
mile of the intersection; crosswalks shall be painted
Appropriate Intervals. The potential demand for
to connect sidewalks through the intersection.
crossing is reasonably well served by available crossing opportunities.
Bicycle Infrastructure Types. Since the Non-
Adequate Crossing Time. The pedestrian is allotted or
Motorized Plan was written in 1998, many new types
can take an adequate amount of time to cross and
of bicycle facilities have been built throughout the
does not need to wait an unreasonably long time to
country. The rise of gasoline prices, congestion, and
begin crossing. Timing at lights on Priority and Main
the desire for physical exercise has invigorated a
Streets should not employ push button activated
new generation of bicyclists. These cyclists typically
pedestrian walk signals, but be timed for optimal
ride an average of 3 miles or less for commuting to
crossing at each light cycle. Audible signals with
work, getting to appointments, and running errands.
visual queues and countdowns should be used at all
The comfort and safety of commuters has evolved
Downtown intersections and Nodes
the striped bike lanes and connectivity of the bike
Limited Exposure. The distance required to cross is
network.
short or is divided into shorter segments with median refuges.
The following definitions are summarized and images
Continuous Path. The cross walk is a direct extension
credited are taken directly from the NACTO Urban
of the pedestrian travel path and is free of obstacles
Bikeway Design Guide. All credit is through NACTO’s
and hazards.
mission to be a non-profit peer to peer resource. More information can be found at their website: www.nacto. org.
Gilmore Keyboard Festival “keyboard” crosswalks installed at
Downtown Intersection. Photo credit: MLive
concert venue locations. Photo credit: MLive
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The configuration of a bike lane requires a thorough consideration of existing traffic levels and behaviors, adequate safety buffers to protect bicyclists from parked and moving vehicles, and enforcement to prohibit motorized vehicle encroachment and double-parking. Bike Lanes may be distinguished using color, lane markings, signage, and intersection treatments. Bike Lane. A Bike Lane is defined as a portion of the roadway that has been designated by striping, signage, and pavement markings for the preferential
Bike Lane - design credit: NACTO
or exclusive use of bicyclists. Bike lanes enable bicyclists to ride at their preferred speed without interference from prevailing traffic conditions and facilitate predictable behavior and movements between bicyclists and motorists. Conventional bike lanes run curbside when no parking is present, adjacent to parked cars on the right-hand side of the street or on the left-hand side of the street in specific situations. Bike lanes typically run in the same direction of traffic, though they may be configured in the contra-flow direction on low-traffic corridors necessary for the connectivity of a particular bicycle
Buffered Bike Lane - design credit: NACTO
route. Buffered Bike Lanes. Buffered bike lanes are conventional bicycle lanes paired with a designated buffer space separating the bicycle lane from the adjacent motor vehicle travel lane and/or parking lane. A buffered bike lane is allowed as per MUTCD guidelines for buffered preferential lanes.
Contra Flow Bike Lane - design credit: NACTO
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Contra Flow Bike Lanes. Contra-flow bicycle lanes are bicycle lanes designed to allow bicyclists to ride in the opposite direction of motor vehicle traffic. They convert a one-way traffic street into a two-way street: one direction for motor vehicles and bikes, and the other for bikes only. Contra-flow lanes are separated with yellow center lane striping. Combining both direction bicycle travel on one side of the street to accommodate contra-flow movement results in a two-way cycle track. Left Side Bike Lanes. Left-side bike lanes are
Left Side Bike Lane - design credit: NACTO
conventional bike lanes placed on the left side of one-way streets or two-way median divided streets. They offer advantages along streets with heavy delivery or transit use, frequent parking turnover on the right side, or other potential conflicts that could be associated with right-side bicycle lanes. The reduced frequency of right-side door openings lowers dooring risk. Cycle Tracks. A cycle track is an exclusive bike facility that combines the user experience of a separated path with the on-street infrastructure of
One Way Cycle Track - design credit: NACTO
a conventional bike lane. A cycle track is physically separated from motor traffic and distinct from the sidewalk. Cycle tracks have different forms but all share common elementsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;they provide space that is intended to be exclusively or primarily used for bicycles, and are separated from motor vehicle travel lanes, parking lanes, and sidewalks. In situations where on-street parking is allowed cycle tracks are located to the curb-side of the parking (in contrast to bike lanes).
Raised Cycle Track - design credit: NACTO
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Cycle tracks may be one-way or two-way, and may be at street level, at sidewalk level, or at an intermediate level. If at sidewalk level, a curb or median separates them from motor traffic, while different pavement color/texture separates the cycle track from the sidewalk. If at street level, they can be separated from motor traffic by raised medians, onstreet parking, or bollards. By separating cyclists from motor traffic, cycle tracks can offer a higher level of security than bike lanes and are attractive to a wider spectrum of the public. Two Way Cycle Track (Protected bike lane) - design credit: NACTO
One Way Cycle Track. One-way protected cycle tracks are bikeways that are at street level and use a variety of methods for physical protection from passing traffic. A one-way protected cycle track may be combined with a parking lane or other barrier between the cycle track and the motor vehicle travel lane. When a cycle track is elevated above street level it is called a raised cycle track and different design considerations may apply. Raised Cycle Track. Raised cycle tracks are bicycle facilities that are vertically separated from motor
Two Way Cycle Track - Bike lanes are separated from sidewalks.
vehicle traffic. Many are paired with a furnishing zone
Photo Credit: People for Bikes
between the cycle track and motor vehicle travel lane and/or pedestrian area. A raised cycle track may allow for one-way or two-way travel by bicyclists. Two-way cycle tracks have some different operational characteristics that merit additional consideration. Raised cycle tracks may be at the level of the adjacent sidewalk, or set at an intermediate level between the roadway and sidewalk to segregate Two Way Cycle Track - Bike lanes protected by planters. Photo credit: Bike Portland
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the cycle track from the pedestrian area. A raised
The configuration of a safe intersection for bicyclists
cycle track may be combined with a parking lane or
may include elements such as color, signage,
other barrier between the cycle track and the motor
medians, signal detection, and pavement markings.
vehicle travel lane (refer to protected cycle tracks for
Intersection design should take into consideration
additional guidance). At intersections, the raised cycle
existing and anticipated bicyclist, pedestrian and
track can be dropped and merged onto the street
motorist movements. In all cases, the degree of
(see cycle track intersection approach), or it can be
mixing or separation between bicyclists and other
maintained at sidewalk level, where bicyclists cross
modes is intended to reduce the risk of crashes and
with pedestrians, possibly with a dedicated bicycle
increase bicyclist comfort. The level of treatment
signal.
required for bicyclists at an intersection will depend on the bicycle facility type used, whether bicycle
Two-Way Cycle Tracks. Two-way cycle tracks (also
facilities are intersecting, the adjacent street function
known as protected bike lanes, separated bikeways,
and land use.
and on-street bike paths) are physically separated cycle tracks that allow bicycle movement in both
Bike Box. A bike box is a designated area at the
directions on one side of the road. Two-way cycle
head of a traffic lane at a signalized intersection that
tracks share some of the same design characteristics
provides bicyclists with a safe and visible way to get
as one-way tracks, but may require additional
ahead of queuing traffic during the red signal phase.
considerations at driveway and side-street crossings.
Markings. Intersection crossing markings indicate the
A two-way cycle track may be configured as a
intended path of bicyclists. They guide bicyclists on a
protected cycle trackâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;at street level with a parking
safe and direct path through intersections, including
lane or other barrier between the cycle track and the
driveways and ramps. They provide a clear boundary
motor vehicle travel laneâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and/or as a raised cycle
between the paths of through bicyclists and either
track to provide vertical separation from the adjacent
through or crossing motor vehicles in the adjacent
motor vehicle lane.
lane.
Intersection Treatments. Designs for intersections
Two Stage Turning Movements. Two-stage turn queue
with bicycle facilities should reduce conflict between
boxes offer bicyclists a safe way make left turns at
bicyclists (and other vulnerable road users) and
multi-lane signalized intersections from a right side
vehicles by heightening the level of visibility, denoting
cycle track or bike lane, or right turns from a left side
a clear right-of-way, and facilitating eye contact
cycle track or bike lane.Two-stage turn queue boxes
and awareness with competing modes. Intersection
may also be used at unsignalized intersections to
treatments can resolve both queuing and merging
simplify turns from a bicycle lane or cycle track, as
maneuvers for bicyclists, and are often coordinated
for example, onto a bicycle boulevard. At midblock
with timed or specialized signals.
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crossing locations, a two-stage turn queue box may be used to orient bicyclists properly for safe crossings. Multiple positions are available for queuing boxes, depending on intersection configuration. Median Refuge Islands. Median refuge islands are protected spaces placed in the center of the street to facilitate bicycle and pedestrian crossings. Crossings of two-way streets are facilitated by allowing bicyclists and pedestrians to navigate only one direction of traffic at a time. Medians configured to protect cycle tracks can both facilitate crossings and
Bike Box - design credit: NACTO
also function as two-stage turn queue boxes. Refer to the Two-Stage Turning Movement illustrations. Through Bike Lanes. For bicyclists traveling in a conventional bike lane or from a truncated cycle track, the approach to an intersection with vehicular turn lanes can present a significant challenge. For this reason it is vital that bicyclists are provided with an opportunity to correctly position themselves to avoid conflicts with turning vehicles. This treatment specifically covers the application of a through bicycle lane or â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;bicycle pocketâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; at the intersection. For other
Bike Lane Intersection Markings - design credit: NACTO
potential approaches to provide accommodations for bicyclists at intersections with turn lanes, please see bike box, combined bike lane/turn lane, bicycle signals, and colored bike facilities. Combined Bike Lane/Turn Lane. A combined bike lane/turn lane places a suggested bike lane within the inside portion of a dedicated motor vehicle turn lane. Shared lane markings or conventional bicycle stencils with a dashed line can delineate the space
Two Stage Turning Movements - design credit: NACTO
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for bicyclists and motorists within the shared lane or indicate the intended path for through bicyclists. This treatment includes signage advising motorists and bicyclists of proper positioning within the lane. When configured on a cycle track corridor, the combined lane is commonly called a mixing zone, and is intended to minimize conflicts with turning vehicles at intersections as an alternative to an exclusive bike signal phase. Cycle Track Intersections. The approach to an
Through Bike Lane - design credit: NACTO
intersection from a cycle track should be designed to reduce turn conflicts for bicyclists and/or to provide connections to intersecting bicycle facility types. This is typically achieved by removing the protected cycle track barrier or parking lane (or lowering a raised cycle track to street level), and shifting the bicycle lane to be closer to or shared with the adjacent motor vehicle lane. At these intersections, the experience is similar to a conventional bike lane and may involve similar applications of merging area treatments and intersection crossing markings. At the intersection, the cycle track may transition to a conventional bike
Through Lane - design credit: NACTO
lane or a combined bike lane/turn lane. Cycle track crossings of signalized intersections can also be accomplished through the use of a bicycle signal phase that reduces conflicts with motor vehicles by separating in time potentially conflicting bicycle and motor vehicle movements.
Cycle Track Intersection - design credit: NACTO
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Reduce the demand for parking and put something more useful in place of some of the parking lots downtown,
A vision for Downtown: active, with plenty of living space; two-way traffic with bicycle lanes; a bakery on the mall, and a drugstore.
A world-class city is a place that people visit and leave wanting to come back and tell the world about. If we focus on our arts, culture and forward thinking, we will continue to thrive.
Photo credit: Neal Conway
Downtown Life 1. Downtown Life
4. Marketing Downtown
1.1 Downtown Evaluation
4.1 Vibrant Downtown Districts
1.2 2025 Vision for Downtown
4.2 Growing & Attracting Businesses 4.3 Marketing Through Transportation
2. Downtown Network
4.4 Attracting Residents
2.1 Vehicular Network
5. Arts & Activities
2.2 Parking Management
5.1 Downtown for All
2.3 Transit Network
5.2 Four Seasons of Activities
2.4 Pedestrian Network
5.3 Inviting Public Places 5.4 I<HEART> Public Art
3. Downtown Zoning 3.1 Form-based Zoning 3.2 Green Zoning
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1. Downtown Life
1.1 Downtown Evaluation
IK 2025 participants envisioned a Downtown that is
Imagine Kalamazoo: Downtown. Input updating
welcoming year-round, with inviting public spaces;
the Downtown plan was collected throughout
events and activities for all ages and interests; and
each phase of IK 2025, A focused Downtown
ease of movement in, around, and to Downtown.
effort culminated with two days of meetings, that highlighted issues and opportunities.
As “everyone’s neighborhood”, Downtown is where Kalamazooans live, work, and play. Each
•
A walking audit of Downtown assisted by
user has slightly different needs. Those who live
architects, urban designers, and landscape
in Downtown desire a complete neighborhood
architects to help illustrate a vision and
where they can meet their daily needs, including
redevelopment possibilities.
shopping, recreation, and entertainment. Downtown
•
A public open house with hands-on activities
employees envision easier access to its abundant
based on whether participants lived, worked, or
goods, service, retail, and activities and safe
played in Downtown.
transportation. Visitors imagine vibrant, active streets
•
Presentations on best practices and vision
and gathering spaces with unique events and
implementation by local, regional, and national
family-friendly activities that draw from the region.
experts.
Downtown Kalamazoo is a place to live, work, and play. Photo credit: Neal Conway
64 MASTER PLAN
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The Downtown workshop also served as the kick-off
much greater than the available supply of units. The
for the Downtown Retail Analysis project by the Gibbs
study also elaborated on the importance of sense of
Planning Group.
place and how it can impact the demand for housing.
2009 Downtown Comprehensive Plan. The 2009
Existing conditions in Downtown possess many
Downtown Comprehensive Plan envisioned an
characteristics of a vibrant, urban neighborhood,
accessible, prosperous, diverse, green, vibrant, and
However, circulation and navigation, speeding, and
progressive Downtown. The plan put Downtown on
uncomfortable pedestrian environment resulting
a path to realize this vision, but implementation was
from one-way streets. The report also noted that
slowed due to the national economic recession.
numerous open parking lots disrupt the physical development pattern and further impact the feeling
IK 2025 input aligns closely with the 2009 vision goals,
of safety and comfortable pedestrian experience.
which include: strong placemaking to create a city for children and seniors, a conversion to 2-way streets,
Urban Growth Initiative (2017). The UGI
a stronger link to the nearby college campuses,
transportation, housing, and economic workgroups
additional and affordable housing options, utilization
gathered information to define a consistent,
of form-based zoning, and revision to the DDA
clear vision for Downtown’s future. The UGI work
boundary. To facilitate implementation, the validated
compiled by the W.E. Upjohn Institute confirmed
2009 Downtown plan goals are incorporated into this
that there continues to be growth opportunities
document instead of remaining a stand-alone plan.
for development in Downtown. The study also
Housing Analysis (2016). Zimmerman/Volk
considered steps toward creating a coordinated
Associates performed an analysis of the residential
management outline for Downtown performance.
market potential for Downtown and surrounding
Partnerships with the City, Downtown Kalamazoo
neighborhoods to determine the housing market
Inc., and Downtown Development Authority will be
demand. Their study found that, over a five-year
looking at best practices and industry standards to
period, the residential market could sustain over
accomplish the action items in this Master Plan.
1,400 new units, both for rent and sale in and near Downtown. Demand was found for housing types
Retail Analysis (2017). The Gibbs Planning Group,
existing in Kalamazoo, known as the “missing middle.”
Inc. completed a retail market analysis for Downtown Kalamazoo as a part of the UGI process. Kalamazoo
The variety of housing desired in Kalamazoo are:
is well within a regional retail area that sees $500
rowhouses or attached housing and smaller single
million spent annually. The study found that the
family homes, in addition to condominiums, and loft
Downtown could capture as much as $50 million of
style living. Housing demand in the Downtown is
spending with strategic investments and placemaking
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considerations. These investments need to target
•
Re-brand Downtown, update wayfinding.
where the Downtown is under-performing due to
•
A strong focus on business recruitment.
non-market or physical conditions that currently
•
Refine the housing analysis to create infill targets
hamper further growth such as:
for a mix of types, affordability, and location.
•
Difficult navigation of the one-way street network
•
Outdated parking management
Downtown activities and initiatives through a
•
Lack of connection to adjacent office users and
single point of contact.
college students •
•
•
Limited marketing activities
Coordinate the management and oversight of
Establish a Business Improvement District and define income allocation for the maintenance and operations of the District.
Removal of these barriers could result in a Downtown
•
Evaluate Downtown boundaries and structured
able to support five times more square feet of retail
agreements ensuring adequate funding for
and restaurant development. Gibbs noted that
Downtown Management.
accomplishing many of the goals from the 2009 plan
•
would greatly impact Downtown’s ability to capture this potential.
Improve parking standards to respond to the retail marketing analysis recommendations.
•
Improve the coordination of anchor institutions to foster and maintain a healthy living community.
1.2 2025 Vision for Downtown Downtown Kalamazoo is to be a focal point for a distinctive sense of community, forming the foundation for educational, economic and personal success for all. To realize the vision for Downtown the City and Downtown Kalamazoo Inc. (DKI) must partner together and with others to do the following: •
Remove physical barriers, with a focus on the Downtown street network. This includes converting to two-way streets.
•
Create policies and regulations that facilitate the envisioned development and streamline the review and approval process.
•
Create a Downtown Ambassador program.
•
Update all marketing tools for Economic Development at City and DKI.
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The two-day Downtown meeting was an opportunity for residents, business owners, architects and designers, and community leaders to come together and plan for the future of Kalamazoo. Photo credit: Neal Conway
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2. Downtown Network The Downtown transportation network should be
Westnedge Avenue, Park Street, Lovell Street, and
easy to navigate and accessible to everyone. The
South Street. The current Planning and Environmental
combined streets, trails, sidewalks, bus, and rail
Linkages (PEL) study led by MDOT builds off of
services offer the opportunity to connect people
the 2014 charrette held to find ways to traffic calm
throughout the city and the region. To continue
Stadium Drive and W. Michigan Avenue.
maximizing the network to support the future of Downtown Kalamazoo, IK 2025 participants and three
The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT)
independent studies echoed the critical importance
is using the PEL process to determine future
of improving Downtown quality of life through
improvements within the downtown Kalamazoo
the ease of navigation and overall transportation
study area: Stadium Drive between Howard Street
connectivity for all users within the city limits.
and Michigan Avenue; Michigan Avenue between Stadium Drive and Kalamazoo Avenue; Kalamazoo
2.1 Vehicular Network For over 40 years one project has been studied over and over again. The one-way pairs in Downtown continue to impart the greatest challenge in Downtown for those that live, work, and play. Traffic calming the one-way pairs has been talked about for decades but no one solution has been acted on. Several of the original one-way pairs have been changed to two-way during these studies. Again, during this effort, IK 2025 studies that focused on retail, residential, and placmaking strategies reiterated that the solution to removing a major barrier to Downtownâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s retail growth, would be to solve the fast traffic, difficult navigation, and pedestrian crossing issues on the remaining one-way streets. For this latest investigation, the City has partnered with the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study (KATS) and Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) to move toward one-way street conversions, including West Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo Avenue, Douglas Avenue, West Main Street, Edwards Street,
68 MASTER PLAN
Avenue between Douglas Avenue and Harrison Street; Michikal Street between Michigan Avenue and Kalamazoo Avenue; Riverview Drive between Harrison Street and Gull Road; and Douglas Avenue between West Main Street and Kalamazoo Avenue. The PEL study will continue through 2018. (Figure X) More information can be found at: http://www.michigan. gov. Projects and Programs; Studies; Planning and Environmental Linkages (PEL) Studies; Downtown Kalamazoo Planning and Environmental Linkage (PEL) Study. As the PEL project moves forward, important discussions include: future street jurisdiction and phasing of conversion. The Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Complete Streets Policy and the Street Types outlined in the Strategic Framework will guide the redesign, ensuring that the Downtown network is safely accessible for all modes of transportation and maintains a consistent network. Kalamazoo Avenue. Kalamazoo Avenue is a Connector Street critical in the Downtown
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City of Kalamazoo GIS
Improvements to the pedestrian environment along Kalamazoo Avenue would make this critical street safer, more accessible, and attractive.
227 W Michigan Ave - Google Maps
227 W Michigan Ave
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THIS MAP IS N
West Michigan Avenue is a gateway to the city that runs along an active commercial corridor. The intersection of West Michigan Avenue and Image capture: Oct 2016 Š two-way 2017 Google United States Kalamazoo Mall is a vibrant downtown center; conversion would expand this life and character to a broader segment of Downtown.
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DOWNTOWN 524 W LIFE South St - Google Maps 524 W South St
304 W Lovell St - Google Maps
304 W Lovell St
Image capture: Oct 2016
© 2017 Google
zoo, Michigan
iew - Oct 2016
Improvements to South and Lovell Streets will make these important connectors to Downtown more vibrant and accessible. Source: Google Maps
network and for travel from east to west in the City of Kalamazoo and to access the Metro Transit Image capture: Oct 2016
entertainment, and cultural amenities, West Michigan provides many visitors with their first impression of
© 2017 Google
Transportation center. Enhanced crosswalks and
the City because it serves as the main route traveling
pedestrian infrastructure, along with the addition of
to the east within the one way pair. Conversion to two-
bulb-outs, will improve personal safety and overall
way simplifies the navigation and circulation around
appearance of street. This is particularly important
downtown. The street is a critical part of Downtown’s
at the intersection of Water Street and Rose Street.
w.google.com/maps/@42.2896632,-85.5907563,3a,75y,273.25h,93.89t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sj7N3rdm-fSXZ2O-Kj1ShbA!2e0!7i13312!8i6656
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primary retail and entertainment corridor and must be
The Downtown Connector, a part of the Kalamazoo
treated as a destination for pedestrians that is safe,
River Valley Trail (KRVT) network, is a new addition
convenient, and accessible. The street life along
to the street that is a start to include non-motorized
West and East Michigan is imagined with more active
transportation to a heavily traveled route. Expanding
storefronts, residential and office uses on the upper
the trail along Kalamazoo Avenue from Walbridge
floors, and an emphasis on pedestrian and bicycle
Street to Westnedge Avenue, including planters
mobility. This vision of a Downtown Main Street street
along the vehicular side of the path, adding striping,
will create a West Michigan Avenue to be a vibrant
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unique crosswalks, bicycle racks and amenities, and
urban environment where pedestrians are treated
signage are some of the future improvements being
with the highest level of service.
discussed for 2018. South Street. South Street is an important connection West Michigan Avenue. Through the Downtown,
between Downtown and the west side of town. The
West Michigan Avenue is a Priority Street serving
Main Street designation in the Strategic Framework,
as an important gateway to employment, retail,
acknowledges that improving safety, especially for
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pedestrian and bicyclists, will be a priority. A variety of building types are located along South Street moving from residential to civic to commercial in the Downtown. Much of South Street to the west is a beautiful local historic district. Improvements to the street are desired to better circulate traffic, connect the east and west ends of Downtown, and create safer pedestrian and bicycling routes from Western Michigan University and Kalamazoo College. Lovell Street. Lovell Street currently serves as South Streetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s westbound partner in the one-way pair between Downtown and the West Main Hill Neighborhood. The street is designated as a Main Street in the Strategic Framework and is one of the most important east west connections to and from Downtown. If Lovell can be improved to have twoway traffic, it will serve as one of the most efficient transit and pedestrian connections east to west. The
The Kalamazoo Mall is a pedestrian street north of West Michigan Avenue.
Main Street designation supports a mix of building types, including flexibility for additional housing units.
In order to support the growth of Downtown, all critical links must be evaluated.
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This street type will allow Lovell to support near Downtown residents within walking distance, as well as ease of transportation circulation connectivity
On-street parking is more efficient and can be a revenue generator. If a single on-street
for students, employees, and consumers to the Kalamazoo Mall, Zoetis, Bronson, and Kalamazoo
parking space turns over frequently â&#x20AC;&#x201D; about
Valley Community College and other destinations Downtown.
12 to 15 uses a day â&#x20AC;&#x201D; it brings in as
Kalamazoo Mall. The Kalamazoo Mall is the most
much as $300,000 in revenues to nearby
pedestrian friendly level of service, designated as a Priority Street, and continue to support active
businesses.
storefronts with retail, restaurant, and entertainment uses. To support the active retail uses along it, on-street parking should be expanded and the
Shoup, D. 1999, abstracted from Journal) Instead of Free Parking. http://shoup.bol.ucla.edu/InsteadOfFreeParking.pdf
associated operations and maintenance fee schedules evaluated. This should be a part of the larger Downtown parking management strategy,
Other Critical Links to & from Downtown. Portage
informed by the 2017 Retail Analysis and Urban
Street, Westnedge Avenue, Park Street, West Main
Growth Initiative.
Street/M-43, Stadium Drive, West Michigan, East Michigan, and Gull Road are key streets leading to
To support a retail market and connectivity to the
and from Downtown. As the primary links, these
Northside Neighborhood, options to explore Burdick
streets should facilitate the flow of traffic by all
Street as a direct connection were discussed during
modes. Each of these streets has been designated
the Downtown IK2025 meeting. Further study is
as either a Boulevard or Connector in the Strategic
required to determine if the Kalamazoo Mall should
Framework Plan to guide future improvements.
be converted to a two-way street linking the north
Reviewing each and its impact on mobility is a critical
and south of the City. The need for connectivity of
first step in improving access to Downtown.
the retail corridor to the Northside for both walking and bicycling, Gibbs Planning also considered the evaluation of opening the Mall to vehicular traffic north of West Michigan Avenue. This would simplify circulation to the south end of town, if the street was kept one-way; or open up new circulation if considered for two-way.
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2.2 Parking Management Parking management is critical to the success of any thriving Downtown. The result of the Retail Market Analysis was very clear that parking in Downtown is a barrier to economic growth. Input from IK2025
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Map of Downtown Parking
Map of available parking spaces in Downtown Kalamazoo.
echoes this view from both retail and customer
Retail Market Analysis recommends increasing the
perspectives. There is a firm belief among many
quantity of on-street parking, particularly along the
Downtown visitors that there is not enough parking
Kalamazoo Mall. In addition to increasing the quantity
available, and what is available is expensive and/
of on-street spaces, the right fee structure needs to
or not well located. A new strategy that embraces
be developed. To evaluate meters, the location, time
best practices for Downtowns should be studied
of day, and ramp availability should be taken into
for implementation. Downtown parking - on street,
consideration. Turning over parking spaces in front of
surface lots, or ramps - should be viewed as part of a
retail is critical for commercial success and for parking
larger system. Understanding this, the new strategy
availability. On-street parking also serves as the
should consider the following best practices for each
perfect location for Downtown residents to park over
type.
night. A permit system, which considers the location and permitted hours should be studied and include
On-Street Parking. On-street parking is critical to
best practices for residential parking strategies.
successful Downtown vibrancy and retail. The Gibbâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s
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Parking Ramps. For successful Downtown ramp
increasing points of pedestrian vehicular conflicts.
parking and safety of users, the existing parking
Future surface parking should be constructed using
ramps must be consistently maintained at a higher
the following parameters.
standard, including fresh paint, new lighting, and
•
Surface parking is not permitted on corner lots
additional signage. Parking ramps must be attractive,
or on the front or corner sides of lots within
conveniently located, and accessible to make them
Downtown.
a viable component to the overall parking system.
•
Surface lots are not permitted on Priority Streets.
In conjunction with updates to the fee structure for
•
Driveway access is not permitted from a Priority
on-street parking in Downtown, ramp rates should be revised. Best practices point to a model with higher
Street •
on-street parking fees and free and reduced rates, with the first two hours free in ramps. Future ramps should follow these standards: •
Low landscape and fencing should buffer the lot from the adjacent sidewalk or public space.
•
Whenever possible, surface parking lots should be shared between multiple users.
Be located centrally to maximize use by the many new Downtown employees and residents.
Valet or Shuttle Service. Valet and shuttle services
Ensure driveway access is not from a Priority
promote the use of remote parking facilities. These
Street, as designated in the Strategic Framework.
services can help development of land within the City
Designate spaces for electric and compact
core and deliver customers, employees, and students
vehicles.
to key destinations. Services such as a circulator,
•
Include indoor bicycle parking.
could be employed temporarily for special events and
•
Locate parking for permit holders, both employee
holidays (Holly Jolly Trolley) or be a permanent part
and residents on the upper floors, allowing
of the parking management and as a transportation
easy access for short term parking for retail and
alternative for Downtown visitors and employees.
• •
restaurant customers. •
•
Include active uses on the ground floor, and wrap
Employee Parking. Many on-street parking spaces
the lower levels with office, retail, or commercial
are currently used by Downtown employees. This
uses when located on any Priority, Main Street,
limits space for customers and patrons impacting
or Connector, as designated in the Strategic
the economic health of Downtown. Understanding
Framework.
the value of an on-street parking space to expanding
Consider the future use of autonomous vehicles
retail sales, employee parking must be considered
in planning.
elsewhere. Designating spaces in parking ramps or surface lots for employees is essential to the overall
Surface Lots. Surface parking lots can interrupt the
parking strategy. The City should work with Downtown
urban fabric by creating activity dead zones and
Kalamazoo businesses, Downtown Kalamazoo Inc.
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123 I-94BL - Google Maps
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123 I-94BL
Currently, Kalamazoo Avenue isolates the Transportation Center from the core of Downtown. Source: Google Maps
Image capture: Oct 2016
© 2017 Google
oo, Michigan
and Central City Parking to provide information to
w - Oct 2016
business owners on locations and fees. Both small and large employers in Downtown should be considered in the parking strategy. A further collaboration between the City, DKI, and employers can also consider transportation demand management strategies. These can include: •
Sliding fee scales based on location and time.
•
Reduced/employer paid transit fares.
•
Trolley service to/from remote parking..
•
Shared lots between employers and other uses; such as overnight resident parking.
•
Incentives for employees living within walking or bicycling distance.
•
Incentives for carpooling; Increasing fee
Participants at the Downtown meeting liked the idea of using
structures for parking that reward the employee if
decorative crosswalks to enhance the pedestrian experience
they do not drive.
near the Transportation Center. Seasonal or event-based
crosswalk art can bring vibrancy to Downtown. .google.com/maps/@42.2944769,-85.5840218,3a,75y,335.84h,83.01t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1swR96Ej74N5d3tRcce2zSig!2e0!6s%2F%2Fg…
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To support the new strategy for parking management in Downtown, City policies and ordinances should be reviewed and revised as necessary to remove barriers. This includes a review of the parking exempt designation, revising parking minimums and maximums, better locating surface parking lots, and driveway/access management regulations.
2.3 Transit Network The center of Kalamazoo Countyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hub and spoke
IK 2025 Downtown Charrette improving safety and adding crosswalks
transit system is the Kalamazoo Transportation Center, located at the north end of Downtown at
Close to busy street
Isolated by parking lot
Exposed; no greenery No street furniture
Too narrow
Some Downtown pedestrian pathways are currently in need of improvement. Sidewalks like this are unappealing and can make pedestrians feel unsafe.
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Kalamazoo Avenue between Burdick and Rose Street.
Development of the Center’s retail spaces and the
Throughout IK 2025, participants expressed a desire
surrounding buildings with active uses could make
for an expanded transit system, with additional stops,
the Center and the intersection a destination for
new routes, and additional transfer hubs.
more than just travelers. Pedestrian and retail activity around the Center would positively impact Downtown
The Kalamazoo Transportation Center also serves
and address safety concerns.
the Amtrak station, linking Kalamazoo to Detroit and Chicago. The Center has many travel options and is an
2.4 Pedestrian Network
asset yet to be capitalized upon. With an accessible
Walkability is integral in the success of Downtown
and connected location in Downtown, it feels
Kalamazoo. Whether you live, work, or play
somewhat remote because of the traffic conditions
Downtown, traveling by car, bike, or bus, everyone is
along Kalamazoo Avenue. Pedestrian improvements
a pedestrian at some point during their journey. The
on Kalamazoo Avenue and Rose Street, including
streets are also the pedestrian network and should be
special crosswalk treatments and wayfinding signage
designed an maintained as such. In addition to being
can strengthen the physical connection and serve as
a safe and enjoyable place to travel, the pedestrian
welcoming gateway for those arriving to the Center.
network helps to create a sense of place for social
Best Practice - Pedestrian Network Snow Melt. Since 1998, the City of Holland, Michigan has invested more than $8 million into the largest publicly-owned snowmelt system in the country. 10.5 acres’ worth of heated sidewalks eliminate the need for plowing and salting, and reduce sidewalk maintenance needs, saving the City money. The system does double duty by reusing wastewater from a nearby Public Works power plant. The system was created in an attempt to make Holland’s downtown commercial corridor competitive with nearby malls and other shopping centers - and it worked. Holland’s downtown has been recognized by the National Trust for Historic Preservation as a Great American Main Street; the snowmelt system increases the popularity of downtown shopping, prevents slips and falls, and makes the downtown area accessible to people of all ages and abilities. The success of Holland’s snowmelt initiative has spurred significant private investment in the system. Source: Martinez, Shandra. “Why Michigan city spends millions to heat its streets during winter.” MLive. February 26, 2016.
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Power of 10+. The Power of 10+ is a placemaking approach that prioritizes the human experience. It is based on the premise that successful places have a wide variety of uses that create reasons for people to be there â&#x20AC;&#x201C; this includes retail, food, art, music, and socialization. The Power of 10+ aims to create unique places that draw people in with distinct character and uses.
Variety of attractions and destinations Diverse user groups Blending of uses Identity, image, and branding Seasonal strategies Active edge use; human scale
Variety of transportation
Amenities Management Neighborhood preservation
Source: Project for Public Spaces. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Power of 10+ https://www.pps.org/reference/the-power-of-10/
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and community activities. Best practices like the
ranging from benches for resting to street trees
“Power of 10+” (Figure X) can guide decision-making
proving shade all impact a pedestrian’s experience
that consider overall improvements to the pedestrian
and can help define the character of an area.
network ensuring that Downtown is an inviting public place. Other considerations for the comfort
Snowmelt. In Kalamazoo it was commented many
of pedestrians are discussed below. Each of these
times that the City achieve a vibrant Downtown all
items should be taken as parts of whole that together
year long. To achieve this, sidewalks must remain
create a pedestrian network plan.
clear of snow, ice, and other debris to prevent falls. To achieve this consistently is through the installation of
Safe & Inviting. All Downtown streets should be safe
a snow melt system. This system located under the
for pedestrian travel. All sidewalks should be smooth,
sidewalks heats pathways to melt snow and ice.
accessible with ramps, and connected; without gaps in the network. At the intersection, crosswalks shall
Snowmelt systems are a great tool to keep an area
be clearly marked, adjoining accessible curb cuts
open and accessible as is achieved currently along
on each side of the street. Sidewalk extensions or
the Kalamazoo Mall. A comprehensive study for
“bulb outs” can be considered when on street parking is present. This treatment gives the pedestrian an advantage to see approaching traffic in front of parked traffic without stepping into the street and reduces the width of the street crossing. In addition to being safe, the pedestrian network should be inviting and aesthetically pleasing. Pedestrian amenities and streetscape elements,
The Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. Source: http://www.eyeonmichigan.com/trails/
Current wayfinding signage.
kzoorivervalley/photos.php
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/eridony/3261454739
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installing a snowmelt system throughout Downtown should include costs, alternative and innovative sources of heat, and a schedule for installation. The priority for installation should be on Priority Streets and Main Streets, with consideration given to areas with transit connections and high traffic around existing retail and commercial uses. New development projects in Downtown should include snowmelt in their plans. Streetscape. Every street needs to be safe and accessible, with street type determining the level and type of streetscape improvements required. All streets in Downtown are required to have: •
Trees
•
Bulb-outs where on-street parking exists, or wide lanes to cross.
•
Crosswalks at intersections and critical mid-block locations.
Priority and Main Streets must include: •
Low landscaping, flower baskets
•
Pedestrian lighting
•
Street furniture (trash/recycling bins, benches, bike racks)
7/5/2017
Wayfinding. Downtown Kalamazoo’s current
511 W Vine St - Google Maps
511 W Vine St
wayfinding system was designed and installed in 1999. These signs are well located, including signs directed toward the vehicle and bicycle travel lanes and those for pedestrians on the sidewalks. As Downtown re-brands and revises its marketing strategy, the current signs should also be updated. New signage should continue to highlight the Downtown Districts, but also reflect the expanded trail network and new locations, including civic, institutional, and recreation uses. Photo credit: Neal Conway
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imagine kalamazoo 2025 Image capture: Oct 2016
Kalamazoo, Michigan Street View - Oct 2016
© 2017 Google
DOWNTOWN LIFE
Bicycle Amenities. Kalamazoo has many bicycle routes moving through and around the City. To improve access and ridership, every neighborhood and college campus should have a clear route to Downtown. In many cases, these routes already exist but are not marked on pavement, well-signed, or advertised. There are multiple opportunities to enhance bicycling in Downtown including: •
Provide multiple bike racks at key locations, including trail heads, the Transportation Center, and by major employers to make commuting by bicycle easier.
•
Locate 1-2 bicycle repair or service stations in Downtown.
•
Locate bike share service throughout.
•
Change zoning ordinances to include on-site bicycle parking at existing buildings.
•
Install wayfinding signage with destinations and distances within Downtown and throughout the City.
•
Study snow melt for bicycle routes.
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3. Downtown Zoning To achieve the Downtown envisioned in IK 2025, the
where working, learning, shopping, living, and
policies and regulations need to align supporting
entertainment all to occur within proximity of one
desired development. Downtowns need vibrant
another is becoming the norm for development.
streets, active and inviting buildings that respond to the walkable environment, incorporating the right
Form-based zoning favors the form of buildings. The
mix of uses in the right locations. Through the Zoning
location and height can strengthen the relationship
Ordinance, the Downtown can define and specify the
with the street and adjacent buildings; together, it is
form of buildings and ground floor activity to respond
the what defines the context of a place. As a result,
to the Street Type and activity level desired.
form-based codes can go beyond regulating a building’s footprint to include pedestrian and public
3.1 Form-based Zoning Downtown IK 2025 participants commented that Downtown should have predictable development and a high quality public realm. The definition of a “world-class city” frequently included relationship of the street to the built environment, pedestrian friendly buildings, limiting off street parking lots, encouraging mixed uses, and focus on retail along designated Main and Priority Streets. The desire for a vibrant Downtown
realm details such as: requiring an entrance from the sidewalk, minimum level of window transparency, and facade definition on the parts of a building facing public spaces, such as streets and parks. Form-based zoning provides Downtown Kalamazoo with several benefits. •
Economic Vitality. The structure and design of Downtown buildings can have a profound impact on the success of ground floor retail.
Best Practice: Form-based Zoning Example
Example of building elements that form-based zoning can regulate. Credti: GVMC Form Based Code Study, http://www.gvmc.org/landuse/formbasedcode.shtml
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Downtown & Node Signage to establish unique character
Attractive signage that is mindful of the building and its location can improve Kalamazooâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Downtown and Nodes.
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â&#x20AC;˘
Establishing retail industry standards for storefront
or a build-to line (precise location for building). The
development, for example, will help facilitate the
placement of buildings is particularly important at
economic health of Downtown.
corners. Buildings should be located to cover or hold
Simpler. Form-based codes strive to be a set of
the corner of a lot. Driveways and parking should not
simple regulations. Written in plain language,
be accessed and ideally not visible from, the front
they are context-based, heavily illustrated, and
property line.
designed to be user-friendly with predictable â&#x20AC;˘
â&#x20AC;˘
outcomes.
Height. Height is typically regulated in number of
Streamline Application of Regulations. A form-
stories. In form-based zoning, the permitted range
based code removes the need for design
of floor heights, especially for the ground floor,
guidelines, unless an area desires to regulate the
is regulated in feet. This ensures retail industry
architectural style of an area, .
standard heights for the ground floor, but also allows
Streamline Review & Approval. If the zoning
the flexibility for other uses in this space, including
regulations are crafted to achieve the desired
multiple story lobbies. Downtown currently has a
outcome, fewer review steps will be required.
minimum height requirement of two stories.
Building within the parameters of the code could mean the ability to develop a lot by right.
Signage. Signage is important in walkable urban areas. Signs not only serve to market the business or
Street-Facing Building Facades. Form-based zoning
location, but can also add an element of uniqueness
focuses on the relationship between a building and
and become a brand for a district. A variety of sign
public spaces, such as streets. This relationship
types should be permitted by right in Downtown,
provides specific regulations for the building
including signs that project over the sidewalk and
facades facing public spaces, major streets, and
sandwich=board signs. The Node designations shall
minor streets. The key elements are location of the
have the same signage types allowed.
primary entrances; minimum amount of transparency (windows especially on the ground floor); definition
Uses & Districts. Uses are not ignored in a form-
between first and upper floors of the building; and
based code, but permitted uses are simplified. A code
guidance for design of long buildings to match the
may allow retail and office uses without listing every
pedestrian scale of the street.
possible retail option. Prohibited uses and those that
Building Location. Building placement works
require a special use are listed with the applicable
to define the block. A form-based code is more
conditions. These uses may include those that impact
responsive to context with building placement. Rather
traffic, environment, noise, and large scale.
than use a setback, form-based zoning utilize a buildto zone (range in which the building must be located)
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Ground Floor Uses. Retail and entertainment
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uses should be encouraged on the ground floor of
sustainability for Downtown should include additional
buildings on Priority Streets and designated Node
environmental actions.
corridors, with residential and office uses above.
•
Stormwater in an urban area can be managed
Throughout the Downtown, office uses can be
without requiring each development to provide
encouraged in all locations. Residential uses should
its own green space. Innovative methods include
only be permitted on the ground floor in specific
green roofs, rooftop gardens, rain gardens, and
locations and not allowed on the Priority Streets.
permeable pavers.
Studies, such as a merchandise plan, can guide DKI
•
The use of solar and wind turbines in Downtown
to locate retail for the highest and best location and
Kalamazoo should be promoted for energy
assist business development.
efficiency. To facilitate their placement, zoning and building regulations should clearly state all requirements.
3.2 Green Zoning Walkable urban areas are inherently sustainable as they provide people the opportunity to walk, bike,
•
LEED or other green building certifications for Downtown development should be incentivized.
and use transit to access employment, housing, entertainment, and daily needs. The deeper impact of
Imagine Kalamazoo Downtown: Parks & Recreation Ideas
Several park and recreation opportunities exist in Downtown. Discussion at the Downtown Charrette centered on whether or not the right activities and programs exist in these spaces
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4. Marketing Downtown Updating the branding and marketing strategies for
4.1 Vibrant Downtown Districts.
Downtown will boost Downtown’s exposure as a key
Currently, Downtown is divided into six districts,
destination in the Southwest Michigan. Marketing
named for their historic functions during a 1999
strategies should support the existing businesses, as
wayfinding project. As the Downtown has evolved
well as helping to attract new. The marketing strategy
and created new stories, these names need to be
should take advantage of Kalamazoo’s unique assets.
updated. As part of the re-branding Downtown, the
Attracting more visitors from a wider area should
District names should be reviewed and updated as
also be a goal of the new marketing strategies and
necessary. New signage should celebrate both the
branding.
Downtown’s history and be flexible to incorporate new stories as they come along.
East Michigan Avenue in 1956.
Kalamazoo Downtown District Map
Source: Western Michigan University Archives
Source: Downtown Kalamazoo, Inc.
Each of Kalamazoo’s Downtown districts has a name that reflects its rich history. The Bronson Park District, for example, is named after Kalamazoo’s founder, Titus Bronson, who stayed there on his first night in the city. The Haymarket District was once home to the city’s first hay auction and hotel. Arcadia is named after Arcadia Creek, which sits at the District’s original gateway, founded by Bronson. South Town used to be home to many of Kalamazoo’s famous celery farms, and now houses a vibrant mix of residential, commercial, and public uses. The East End District has transformed from a railroad center to a home for breweries, coffee shops, and entertainment. As Kalamazoo has grown and changed, these districts have taken on new personalities while still reflecting their histories. Source: Downtown Kalamazoo, Inc. http://www.downtownkalamazoo.org/About-Downtown.aspx
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4.2 Growing and Attracting Businesses
•
Commercial Storefront Analysis. A review of the
During outreach through, IK 2025 and the Gibb’s Retail
front façade of buildings Downtown, specifically
Market Analysis, participants noted the need for a
looking at window displays, transparency,
more active role by the City and DKI in supporting
signage, façade condition, etc. with the goal of
existing and recruiting new businesses. Several
approving appearances and boosting sales.
tools can assist with this task. A merchandise and
•
Façade Improvement Funds. Grant funds should
a business recruitment plan will set the Downtown
be made available for improvements to building
up for success in their discussions with potential
facades, including signage in Downtown and
businesses by putting the right information and
Nodes.
details in the recruiter’s hands before starting
•
Business Expansion/Improvement Funds. Grant
conversations. This makes direct contact with
funds, or low-interest loans that can invest in
potential businesses and participation at International
barriers to growth or start up such as: elevators,
Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC) events more
fire suppression, or mechanical systems.
successful .
4.3 Marketing Through Transportation Attract New Businesses. The following tools are
Kalamazoo has many transportation amenities which
necessary for the Downtown to effectively recruit new
can be utilized to promote the Downtown. Amtrak,
businesses.
County Transportation Agency, and the Kalamazoo
•
Merchandise or Asset Plan. A merchandise or
River Valley Trail are all opportunities to market
asset plans provides potential businesses with
to visitors and residents through transportation.
detailed physical information on available spaces
Marketing campaigns should include travel to events
in Downtown, as well as the lease/purchase
and businesses Downtown without the worry of
parameters for each space.
finding a parking space.
•
Recruitment Plan. A recruitment plan outlines the type of businesses the community would like to
Visitors coming into Kalamazoo along highways,
see in Downtown Kalamazoo, why Downtown is
also need better wayfinding along major interstates
a successful commercial environment, and the
to locate central Downtown. Partnering with the
advantages of locating in Downtown.
Michigan Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration to best locate
Support Existing Businesses. To support existing
signage and distances.
businesses, programs such as a storefront display and façade improvement grants should be considered
Ride the Rails to Kalamazoo. During IK 2025
in addition to updating the Downtown’s brand and
Downtown meetings, participants suggested a
marketing tools.
marketing campaign that capitalizes on the Amtrak
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service. Kalamazoo is conveniently located halfway between Detroit and Chicago. Track improvements for high speed rail have decreased travel times and have other Amtrak lines to Chicago considering routes through Kalamazoo. A marketing campaign, not unlike those from the first half of the twentieth century around the Midwest, could attract new visitors to Kalamazoo. Directional Signage. Downtown Kalamazoo is difficult to locate from area expressways. Signs from I-94 and 131 should direct visitors not only to the City of Kalamazoo, but to Downtown. Additional signs on Kings Highway, Portage, Westnedge Avenue, Oakland Avenue, Stadium Drive, West Main/M-43, and Park Street are needed to direct traffic once it has exited from expressway.
4.4 Attracting Residents IK 2025 participants expressed a desire to make Downtown more active during both the day and at night. Increasing the number of Downtown residents is one way to ensure constant activity. The Zimmerman Volk Target Market Study (TMA ), completed in 2016, noted the low vacancy rate in Downtown and the demand for a variety of options. To achieve an increase in available housing units both market rate and affordable, the following should be considered: â&#x20AC;˘
Updating the zoning code to allow a wide range of housing types and sizes within the Downtown.
â&#x20AC;˘
Revising the zoning map to increase the locations where more intense residential development is permitted in and adjacent to Downtown.
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Marketing campaigns, including posters like these, can highlight Kalamazoo as an attractive destination and make use of Amtrak partnership. Source: southshoreposters.com
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•
•
•
Providing a variety of housing unit sizes can
end of Downtown. The Arcadia Festival Site was
positively impact affordability; work with
also seen as an opportunity for more activity. In the
developers to use tax credits and other subsidies
90’s and until recently it has been the site of many
to achieve attainable and sustainable housing.
summer festivals. However, when the festivals are not
Partnering with lenders to provide nontraditional
occurring the site is underutilized. Exploring a re-
financing; Local businesses to fund down
programming and a new design to include: restrooms,
payment assistance for employees to live in the
bicycle amenities, more visibility, and marketing plan
City.
are all suggestions for future needs.
Working with area nonprofits to develop affordable housing.
•
Seek to create an all ages Downtown; include needs of Senior populations and children.
Parks & Recreation Opportunities. More residential population naturally increases the need for outdoor spaces. The IK 2025 Downtown input asked participants to consider the existing park and recreation opportunities and what could be newly imagined. Participants discussed how to improve park spaces so that they serve those who live, work, and visit. New facilities desired included: a dog park and active recreation, such a playground on the southern
Pop-up bikeway projects help residents and visitors imagine new routes and connectivity to parks and Downtown. Photo credit: Neal Conway
Lunchtime Live brings mid-day energy to Bronson Park.
On PARKing day, residents create temporary “parklets.”
Photo credit: Neal Conway
Source: MLive, September 2015. “Kalamazoo Pilots PARKing Day.” ““
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5. The Arts & Events The Arts and cultural events have played an important role in Downtown Kalamazoo creating an active and inviting place for decades. The Civic Theatre, Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, Gilmore Keyboard Festival, and the Arts Council celebrate our local artist as well as bringing internationally and nationally known
5.2 Four Seasons of Activities Activities that attract visitors Downtown in the winter are key to making it a year-round destination. IK 2025 participants were asked to consider what types of events they would like to see in Downtown and what events they currently go outside of Kalamazoo for.
talent to Kalamazoo regularly. Through IK 2025, participants praised Kalamazoo for it’s cultural offerings and noted a desire for more year-round activities, an increase in family friendly events, and more unique art and cultural installations that extend outside of the Downtown.
Winter Activities. Ice skating, winter markets such as German Christmas markets, scavenger hunts, window displays, and increased use of streets for music and performances were among the ideas given. Year round programming will bring people to Downtown,
5.1 Downtown for All
even in traditionally slower seasons, positively
Kalamazoo has a diverse resident population within
impacting businesses and the attraction of Downtown
its 22 neighborhoods. Supporting arts and cultural
to residents.
events that celebrate the African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans should
Expand Events. Art Hop, Music Hop, and Festivals
be more intentionally planned to draw all people
like RibFest are very popular events. The Retail Market
together to celebrate together. Throughout IK 2025 the input we received said again and again, “We need to come together more.” That the City should have, “Community gatherings that bring together people who don’t usually get to know each other because we are segregated.” To achieve the Downtown envisioned, all event programming and art installations should reflect the diversity of the community to the greatest extent. This starts with a thoughtful public art or event planning process. To guide this process, applicants requesting use of public spaces should begin to understand demographics of their events. The City will assist applicants in making connections with diverse interest groups and organizations to foster inclusion
Streetscape and pedestrian amenities can be used to create wellloved places.
of Kalamazoo’s entire population.
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Downtown meeting participants were excited about the prospect of more public art Downtown, noting Kalamazooâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s artistic nature as an important strength.
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Analysis found through its business owner interviews
art invites an ordinary street to become an extra-
that a significant surge in sales occurs during Art Hop.
ordinary space.
Expanding the event offerings to different days, times, and themes will widen the audience of visitors and
Pedestrian ways, such as Corporation Alley, offer
will provide more increased sales opportunities.
a unique opportunity to create a unique public Downtown place. A site for daily food trucks could
5.3 Inviting Public Places Streets are public places; they are both a travel route and, if properly designed, a desired destination. To create the inviting public places envisioned in
benefit local businesses and bring people outside during mid-day. Additionally, the creation of parklets and pocket parks through events like PARKing day can create space for socialization and leisure.
Imagine Kalamazoo, Downtown streets such as the Mall need to be considered more like parks or open
5.4 I <Heart> Public Heart.
spaces than just through-ways for cars. This way of
Art serves as a focal point, inviting people to come
thinking will impact the streetscape choices and other
closer. to view it. Art can express the interests of
design elements both within the public rights-of-way
a culture, heritage, or a unique element within a
and on the adjacent buildings.
community. It can be passive or active. Whatever form
Several IK 2025 participants noted the great
it takes, more installations from a variety of artists
opportunities for informal gathering on the Mall and in
are desired in Downtown. A well-designed walk can
parks such as Bronson Park by adding placemaking
encourage visitors and residents to discover public
elements giving people the opportunity to gather.
art and architecture. Together with the streetscape
Placemaking can be as simple as tables, chairs,
design elements, public art can create unique places
umbrellas, and planters. Other cities have included
in Downtown.
firepits, busking musicians, food carts and interactive public art. Additional spaces to consider are parklets, pocket parks, and improved pedestrian alleys, all can add to the vibrancy of the adjacent places. Everyday Spaces. Seating along the Mall and in other locations Downtown serve as informal meeting spaces for Downtown employees, residents, and visitors. These spaces are well-used, and the retail study noted a need for more of them, including the addition of non=permanent cafe tables and chairs in key locations. Adding fireplaces, special lighting, and
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[We] must have all basic needs (groceries, drugs, etc.) easily accessible to
Living in the Vine neighborhood, I really appreciate being able to walk to O’Duffy’s, Martinis, Crow’s Nest, Satellite Records, and other businesses that are right in the neighborhood.
the various areas within the City. The city needs to be connected with bike and walking trails and offer more public transportation.
Photo credit: Neal Conway
Great Neighborhoods 1. Introduction
5.2 Importance of Context
1.1 Alignment with Strategic Goals
5.3 Removing Barriers
1.2 Unique Neighborhood Input
5.4 Uses
1.3 Revitalization
5.5 Parking
1.4 Raising All Neighborhoods Up
5.6 Commercial & Neighborhood Nodes 5.7 Sustainable Zoning
2. Neighborhood Plans 2.1 Developing the Plan
6. Historic Districts
2.2 Neighborhood Plan Process
6.1 Enhancing Existing Districts
2.3 Implementation
6.2 Managing Historic Buildings & Resources
3. Complete Neighborhoods 3.1 What does it mean to be Complete? 3.2 Defining Complete for Kalamazoo
6.3 Perceived Conflicts 6.4 Conservation Districts
3.3 Benefits of Complete Neighborhoods
7. Parks & Recreation
3.4 Compete Neighborhood Strategy
7.1 Park Types 7.2 Growing Space
4. Housing Strategy 4.1 Support of Future Plans
8. Neighborhood Network 8.1 Neighborhood Links
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1. Introduction Kalamazoo has 22 neighborhoods, each with its own history and distinct character. Each neighborhood participated in the IK 2025 process. Specific neighborhood outreach, as well as the compilation of surveys, events, and online input, allowed City staff to focus on neighborhood-scale challenges, goals, and solutions.
1.2 Unique Neighborhood Input Individual Neighborhood Goals. The neighborhood meetings held across the city during the IK 2025 process gave residents the opportunity to discuss the issues and ideas that were most pressing to their individual neighborhoods. While the topics discussed overlapped transportation, economic
1.1 Alignment with Strategic Vision
development, housing, and parks and recreation, the
Goals:
priorities and related projects differed. Through the
Common Neighborhood Themes. As data was
individual meetings, City staff felt the Master Plan
analyzed, common themes emerged across all
was too limited and that Neighborhood Plans are the
neighborhood feedback, including mobility, ability to
best method to impact changes at the neighborhood
meet daily needs, and the desire for active, friendly,
level.
and safe neighborhoods. The input became the foundation for the Strategic Vision Goals, which are
Allneighborhood-specificinformationfromIK2025canbe
the foundation for 2025 Master Plan.
found in this document’s appendix. It will be used in the neighborhood planning process.
Connected City. A city that is networked for walking, biking, riding, and driving. Inviting Public Places. Parks, arts, culture, and vibrants
1.3 Revitalization Many of the goals in the Great Neighborhood section
streets. Safe Community. A community where it is safe to live, work, bike, drive, walk, and play. Complete Neighborhoods. Residential areas that support the full range of people’s daily needs. Economic Development. A supportive infrastructure
Neighborhood Map Legend Neighborhood Map (right). IK 2025 hit the road during the Design It Phase of outreach. Twelve meetings were held neighborhoods through the City. 1. Northside 2. Oakland Drive Winchell Neighborhood, Oakwood, Parkview
for growing businesses and stabilizing the local
Hills, & Hill ‘n’ Brook
economy to benefit all.
3. Vine
Environmental Responsibility. A green and healthy city. Shared Prosperity. Abundant opportunities for all
4. Douglas 5. Stuart 6. West Main Hill & Kalamazoo College 7. Edison 8. Milwood
people to prosper.
9. Westwood, Arcadia, & WMU
Youth Development. A city with places and supports
10. Eastside & Burke Acres
that help young people thrive.
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11. Westnedge Hill, Southside, South Westnedge 12. Downtown
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GREAT NEIGHBORHOODS
Kalamazoo Neighborhood Map.
1 4
10
5 12 6 3
9
7
2 11 8
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focus on creating complete neighborhoods – places
programs. The goals and actions in this document,
where residents can meet their daily needs, have
will be published on www.imaginekalamazoo.com,
transportation choices, access to parks, multiple
and City Staff will maintain continuous community
housing options, and more. In some locations,
engagement. This open dialogue between the City
realizing these goals will result in new development
and residents provides opportunity for feedback and
or new businesses infilling the neighborhood.
shared understanding.
As the City and the neighborhoods begin
Neighborhood Plans. Each neighborhood plan
implementing this Plan, it is critical to continue broad
is unique and can focus on the issues and
engagement across the community to incorporate
opportunities most important to residents. Through
community recommendations in shaping our work.
the neighborhood planning processes, residents
Understanding all views throughout this process
can translate the Master Plan into details to achieve
can help discuss any impacts of neighborhood
their neighborhood vision and work toward an
improvements, often referred to as gentrification.
implementation strategy that honors their priorities.
1.4 Lifting All Neighborhoods Up
Complete Neighborhoods. At the heart of Complete
Gentrification has been defined differently by
Neighborhoods are choices and equal access. A
researchers, academics, and civic leaders across the
complete neighborhood has safe walkable streets
country. The definition for each neighborhood does
and housing options to meet residents’ needs
not need to be the same. The important discussion
throughout one’s life. Additionally, access to parks
for the City to have is that all people need a voice,
and recreation, the ability to meet daily needs, and
feel empowered to make decisions, and not feel
access to fresh food. The unique way that each
as if development, projects, or programs are just
neighborhood achieves completeness will vary based
happening to them. In order to lift up all people
on resident input. (Figure 1)
in all neighborhoods, the efforts of the City and neighborhoods to increase access to amenities and
Housing Strategies. As the City’s housing strategy is
services must also yield opportunities for residents
developed through the Housing Urban Development
to access better paying jobs, and avoid involuntary
(HUD) Consolidated Plan and the Shared Prosperity
displacement.
Kalamazoo Plan, strategies to prevent displacement will be explored and employed. Using data through
Open Dialogue. As this plan is implemented, City staff
multiple partner organizations, the City will begin
is committed to discussing all policies, projects, and
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the process of Equity Mapping and monitoring
manner that affirmatively furthers fair housing “AFFH”
neighborhoods for the effects of gentrification,
Section 808(e) (5); Americans with Disabilities Act;
income inequality, affordable housing, job creation,
and Equal Access to Housing in HUD Programs –
and development.
Regardless of Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity Final Rule (2012 Equal Access Rule), Elliott-Larsen
Protect and validate Fair Housing & Non-
Civil Rights Act (MI Act 453), Persons with Disabilities
Discrimination Policies to comply with the letter and
Civil Rights Act (MI Act 220); Michigan State Housing
spirit of the nondiscrimination provisions of civil rights
Development Authority’s Emergency Solutions
laws; Adherence The Federal Fair Housing Act in
Grant Fair Housing Policy Statement and City of Kalamazoo’s Fair Housing Policy Statement.
Strategic Goal: Complete Neighborhoods.
Figure 1
Complete Neighborhoods is a Strategic Vision Goal that focuses on raising up all Kalamazoo neighborhoods. It recognizes the critical link between land use and transportation and sets the stage for neighborhood planning efforts
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2. Neighborhood Plans Kalamazooâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s neighborhoods are diverse collection of people and history. During IK 2025, it became clear that in addition to common issues such as walkability, access to recreation opportunities, and desire to meet daily needs in each neighborhood was at a different. Each geography was at a different stage of development or had a unique focus. The
owned businesses and resident jobs, while infilling with single-family homes. The Milwood neighborhood wants to create a stronger identity and sense of community. The Vine Neighborhood was hoping to enliven the park with a skate park. Because of the specific nature of these requests, City staff quickly started to organize a neighborhood plan process.
Stuart neighborhood with its rich history, wanted to enhance its historic character through street design. The Northside neighborhood is focused on resident-
Neighborhood Planswillallowresidents to focus on issues important to their neighborhood, while also creating the
Each Kalamazoo neighborhood has a specific history and character. Neighborhood Plans will address the needs of each neighborhood individually. Photo credit:: Neal Conway
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opportunity to achieve City-wide Strategic Vision and Master Plan goals. They can focus on as much or as little as the plan would like to cover. All plans will seek to be adopted into the 2025 Master Plan through the Planning Commission.
2.1 Developing the Plan The development of Neighborhood Plans will be a collaborative effort between the City and each neighborhood. Engagement with residents, business owners, workers, community organizations, institutions, and neighborhood associations are key to the successful
Neighborhood Plans will: •
Align with the Strategic Vision and Master Plan at the neighborhood scale.
•
Establish a unique neighborhood vision, goals, and actions for implementation.
•
Establish relationships within the neighborhood to support implementation.
•
These partners will work with the City to identify neighborhood priorities and set actionable goals.
Develop individual strategies needed to achieve neighborhood completeness.
•
development and implementation.
Use IK 2025 input from residents as a place to start.
2.2 Planning Process The Neighborhood Plan process is outlined step by step (Figure 2). It includes information for neighborhoods with and without a current organization, for neighborhoods who are confirming existing plans, and those creating new ones. Step 1. Neighborhood Organization. To begin the planning process, a neighborhood must have an established organization. This can be formal as a 501c(3) organization or informal. The key is that the group represents the neighborhood as whole, has regular meetings, and an established method of communication through physical or online newsletters or flyers, email, and/or social media. Step 2. Existing Plan. This step is an opportunity to review all existing planning documents related to the neighborhood. A good review will determine what is still relevant for the neighborhood, and how it aligns with the Strategic Vision & Master Plan.
Neighborhood associations play an important role in the development and implementation of Neighborhood Plans. Photo credit: Neal Conway
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Neighborhood Plan Process
Figure 2
Step 1. Neighborhood Organization Yes, we have an organization. Confirm & update communication methods
No, we do not have an organization. Establish an organization & communication network. City can assist with outreach.
Step 2. Does your neighborhood already have a plan? No.
Yes. Review the plan? Is all of the plan still relevant?
Step 3. Contact Planning Division to meet with Neighborhood Activator 269-337-8044 Review relevant past plans against Strategic Vision & IK2025 - What new information needs to be included?
Discuss development of a neighborhood coalition.
Confirm/discuss development of neighborhood
Review Strategic Vision & IK2025 goals in relationship
coalition.
to the neighborhood.
Confirm/discuss development of unique
Discuss development of unique neighborhood goals.
neighborhood goals.
Discuss resident engagement strategy.
Discuss resident engagement strategy.
Step 4. Neighborhood Coalition Yes, we have a coalition. Confirm coalition members
Establish coalition. City can assist with coalition
to ensure all key stakeholders are included.
building to ensure all key stakeholders are included.
Step 5. Set Neighborhood Goals through Resident Engagement. Use resident engagement to confirm existing plan
Use resident engagement to create neighborhood
and establish new priorities.
goals and those from IK2025.
City will assist with meetings, including providing
City will assist with meetings, including providing
maps or other materials.
maps or other materials.
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Step 6. Align Neighborhood Goals & Plan with Strategic Vision
Good Governance
Economic Vitality
Strength Through Diversity
Complete Neighborhoods
Youth Development
Safe Community
Environmental Responsibility
Inviting Public Places
Connected City
Shared Prosperity
Strategic Vision Goals
SP CC IPP ER SC YD CN SD EV GG
• • • • • • • • • •
Neighborhood Plan
Step 7. Prioritize & create S.M.A.R.T. goals and actions. Use resident engagement to confirm existing plan and establish new priorities. City will assist with document drafting.
Step 8. Confirm plan, goals, & actions with neighborhood. Use resident engagement to confirm plan.
Step 9. Planning Commission to review the plan as Master Plan amendment. City will assist neighborhood with Planning Commission review.
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Step 3. Contact the Planning Division. The City
Steps 6-7 Neighborhood Plan Development.
will support all neighborhoods in their planning
Neighborhood Plans have two key roles. First, they
efforts. Checking in with Planning Division early in
provide a neighborhood approach to implementing
the process will allow the opportunity to start this
the City-wide goals outlined in the Strategic Vision
partnership from the beginning of the process.
and Master Plan. This includes creating a Connected City and realizing Complete Neighborhoods.
Step 4. Neighborhood Coalition. Neighborhood Plan
Secondly, Neighborhood Plans also aim to achieve
development and successful implementation requires
the unique vision and goals of the neighborhood.
a support network. The coalition will be comprised
Implementation of the goals and actions will be
of representatives of the neighborhood organization
clearly defined, much like the IK at Work Section
and City Staff. Community Planning and Development
of this document. Community Planning and
will serve as the lead City representative; other City
Development (CP&D) staff will typically manage the
Departments will be represented depending on the
drafting of the plan document for the neighborhood.
neighborhoodâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs. The coalition will also include neighborhood partners representing a variety of interests such as businesses, schools, civic, church, and non-profits who work with and are located within the neighborhood. Step 5. Set Neighborhood Goals through Engagement. The neighborhood outreach will build from IK2025 and include confirmation of this input, explore ideas further, and gather new ideas. The type and extent of engagement will vary by neighborhood and depend on if the neighborhood is working on an existing plan or creating a new one. At a minimum the engagement with neighborhood-wide meetings and regular communication through social media, email, or newsletters/flyers. The City can provide meeting materials and development of engagement activities. The outreach and contact process will be lead by the neighborhood. Working to define the Arcadia Neighborhood at a IK2025 meeting.
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Step 8. Confirm Plan with Neighborhood. When
detailed regulations relating to our built environment.
the draft plan is completed, a presentation to the
Neighborhood Plans may require zoning updates to
neighborhood should be held so that it can be
realize its vision.
confirmed by the neighborhood. City Policies & Plans. The Complete Street Policy Step 9. Planning Commission Review.
and the Non-Motorized Plan will guide transportation
Neighborhood Plans will be incorporated into the
projects in the City for all travel modes. Neighborhood
Master Plan through a Planning Commission hearing.
Plans actions will be reviewed and implemented
The City will assist the neighborhood with this
using these as guides.
process. Funding. Funding is key to implementing any
2.3 Plan Implementation
plan. Priority actions from Neighborhood Plans
Neighborhood Plans are to be action-oriented
can be considered for future City budgets and
documents, with clearly implementable goals and
grants. For example, including projects in the Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s
actions. Once adopted into the Master Plan, the goals
Transportation Improvement Plan. The incorporation
and actions can be realized in a variety of ways.
of the Neighborhood Plan into the Master Plan and its alignment with the Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Strategic Vision is seen
Zoning Ordinances. The Master Plan provides
favorably to many State and Federal grants that can
the vision, and the Zoning Ordinance provides the
provide additional support.
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3. Complete Neighborhood
3.1 What Does it Mean to be Complete?
The concept of a Complete Neighborhood is not new.
Neighborhood means for them. For example, Detroit’s
Prior to the dominance of the personal vehicle in the
20-Minute Neighborhoods initiative aims to provide
transportation network, cities and neighborhoods
residents with everything they need within a 20-minute
were developed to meet the needs of their residents
walk or bike ride of their residence. Across the country,
on a small scale - a scale defined by the reasonable
Portland, Oregon defines completeness as those
distance one could travel on foot. Daily-need goods
neighborhoods where people have safe and convenient
and services such as school, church, food, apparel,
access to goods and services needed in daily life.
Cities across the country are defining what a Complete
pharmacy, pub, cafe, and barber/salon were developed in close proximity to residences.
National organizations are also looking at Complete Neighborhoods The United States Green Building
The dominance of the personal vehicle allowed for
Council (USGBC), which manages the Leadership
larger scale development, spread out at a distance
in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) green
greater than could reasonably be traveled on-foot.
building rating system, also reviews neighborhood
Commercial and residential stopped being integrated
developments (ND). LEED-ND provides a rating based
into neighborhoods. In some cases, it was completely
on the mix of commercial uses; form and design of
zoned out of neighborhoods. This new development
all structures (storefront transparency and entrance
pattern has had negative impacts across the United
location); housing options; access to recreation; and
States and in Kalamazoo.
mobility, including transit service provided, existence
•
of sidewalks, and bicycle facilities.
Those who cannot drive due to age or disability and those who cannot afford a personal vehicle
• • •
are left behind by this system.
However defined, Complete Neighborhoods focuses
Obesity and diabetes rates have skyrocketed as
on planning at the neighborhood level as a holistic,
personal activity levels have decreased.
comprehensive approach. Complete Neighborhoods
Greenhouse gas emissions from personal vehicles
necessitates that land development and
impact our climate and air quality.
transportation planning merge to create the places
Communities are less cohesive, as residents
envisioned by the community.
travel farther from their neighborhood for work, shopping, and entertainment in personal vehicles or bus if available.
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Best Practice: Complete Neighborhoods Detroit, Michigan Detroit has commitment to developing 20-minute neighborhoods. Since then, over $10 billion has been invested into and more than 16,000 jobs have been created. In 2016, residents were still making 71.6 percent of their transactions outside of the 20-minute neighborhood range; that distance has been decreasing since 2013. The walkable, dense development of the 20-minute neighborhood initiative has drawn new residents— particularly young people—downtown.
Portland, Oregon Assessment of Complete Neighborhoods promotes dense, walkable, convenient, diverse, vibrant, and beautiful cities, where residents can access all daily needs with only a short walk or bicycle ride. Completeness ratings consider both the accessibility of goods and services and the quality of the pedestrian environment. The Portland Plan measures a neighborhood’s completeness based on the percent of the population that live within the following: • ½ mile of grocery store • ½ mile of a park • 3 miles of a full-service community center • ½ mile of elementary school • ¼ mile of frequent transit Portland aims to have 80% of its neighborhoods neighborhood concept analysis meet these20-minute criteria by 2030.
Source: JP Morgan Chase Institute. March 2017. “Going the Distance: Big Data on Resident Access to Everyday Goods.” Merchant Distances by Zip Code ER R
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3.2 Defining Complete for Kalamazoo
neighborhood meetings during the Design It Phase,
What does a Complete Neighborhood look like in
IK participants considered the quantity, size, design,
Kalamazoo? Considering IK 2025 feedback, seven
and placement of parks and open space in their
criteria stand out as elements of Kalamazoo’s
neighborhood. Through this discussion came the
definition:
metric for access to parks and open space. A resident
•
Ability to meet daily needs
has access if they live a 1/4 mile or about a 5 minute
•
Access to parks and open space
walk from it. (Figure 3)
•
Walkability
•
Access to transit and bicycle networks.
•
Access to food
Gaps in Access to Parks
•
Access to multiple housing opportunities
•
Neighborhood schools
& Recreation
Figure 3
To measure neighborhood completeness, these seven criteria will be used to study Kalamazoo’s neighborhoods. Understanding that Kalamazoo is a built City, with neighborhoods of different sizes and different mix of uses (residential, commercial, industrial, etc.), the study area will be slightly larger than the neighborhood itself. The study area will be the neighborhood plus an area of a half mile in all directions from the neighborhood’s perimeter. A half mile is about a ten minute walk. Ability to Meet Daily Needs. Kalamazoo residents desire the ability to safely meet their daily needs within their neighborhoods. This includes access to shopping, neighborhood gathering space, and basic services. This criteria requires that a neighborhood have access to a minimum number of different stores. Access to Parks and Open Space. Safe and convenient access to parks and recreation amenities was a frequent desire noted during IK 2025. At
108 MASTER PLAN
A quarter-mile distance around existing parks in the Douglas Neighborhood is noted with a green circle. Areas not served with a park within 1/4 mile or 5 minute walk are noted with the hatch.
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A secondary element of this criteria is how are residents are being served. Understanding that the recreation needs for residents differ, this considers how many park facilities (playground, courts, passive green space, trails, etc.) are within the neighborhood. Walkable Neighborhoods. A complete sidewalk network is critical to allowing residents to safely move
Bus with bike on front
through the neighborhood on foot. TO be considered complete, a complete sidewalk network must exist on at least one side of every street. Sidewalks must be American Disabilities Act (ADA) compliant both in width and at street crossings. Transit and bicycle infrastructure must work together.
Access to transit and bicycle networks. Access to
Photo credit: Neal Conway
multiple transportation networks increases mobility options for all residents. A Complete Neighborhood will offer transportation options beyond a personal vehicle and will take the first and last miles of a transit journey, which are often done on foot or by bicycle, into consideration. To be considered complete, a neighborhood must have access to at least one transit route, defined by stops located within the neighborhood and one bicycle route (signed and/or with on-street improvements). A secondary element to this criteria is the frequency of transit stops and the destinations. Like the second criteria for access to parks and recreation, this looks beyond if residents are being to served to consider how residents are served. Access to food. Access to food takes meeting daily needs a step further to focus on fresh food sources
The Kalamazoo Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market provides fresh food options for residents year round.. Photo credit: Neal Conway
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within each neighborhood. To meet this criteria, a neighborhood must have access to affordable food stores with fresh fruits and vegetables, a year-round farmers’ markets, or year-round ability to grow food. Multiple Housing Opportunities. Multiple housing types within a neighborhood can facilitate a wider range of size, age, and income households living
Photo credit: Neal Conway
within a geographic area. This lends itself to the creation of a socially robust community and the ability to “age in place,” or live in a neighborhood through the various stages of one’s life. This criteria will require the existence of multiple types of housing, such as small single family homes, single family homes, duplexes (2 attached units), row/town houses (three or more attached units), and buildings with multiple units.
Source: Zuniga Architecture
Neighborhood Schools. A school can serve as the social center of a neighborhood. The ability of youth to walk or bicycle to school would cut down on both personal household and school district transportation costs, and would positively impact physical health. To meet this criteria, a neighborhood must have a public elementary school with a district boundary that
Source: Google Maps
includes the whole neighborhood or have a school building that serves the neighborhood as a meeting or activity center.
4.3 Benefits of Complete Neighborhoods Achieving Complete Neighborhoods in Kalamazoo can impact the quality life of Kalamazoo residents.
Source: Google Maps Examples of single-family, attached, and low-rise apartment housing types that are appropriate in many Kalamazoo neighborhoods.
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Mobility. Complete Neighborhoods have multiple
Neighborhoods can help eliminate food deserts and
transportation options - walking, bicycling, transit, and
can increase access to fresh food, including produce.
personal vehicles. This ensures that no one is left out of mobility access, and can also reduce household
Access to Fresh Food. Increasing local food
expenses for transportation.
production through community and personal gardens and farmers’ markets has multiple benefits.
Healthier Lifestyles. Complete Neighborhoods can
In addition to increasing access to fresh food, local
lead to more active lifestyles with the location of
growing can boost Kalamazoo’s economy and
shopping, school, or work within walking distance
support local business. Cooperative efforts such as
of residences. If access to food is incorporated
community gardens can improve the social fabric of
into Kalamazoo’s definition, achieving Complete
neighborhoods.
Best Practice: Benefits of Complete Neighborhoods
Source: American Planning Association of Oregon: Benefits of Walkable Neighborhoods
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Increased Daily Convenience. Reducing travel
residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ability to age in place. Access to jobs and
times to shopping, school, and work and increasing
daily needs within neighborhoods reduces the need
mode of travel choices makes everyday life easier
for long-distance travel.
for residents regardless of age, level of mobility, or access to a personal vehicle.
3.4 Complete Neighborhood Strategy Achieving Complete Neighborhoods is a Strategic Goal
Reduced Emissions. According to the Climate Action
for the City. Realizing Complete Neighborhoods will
Plan, transportation makes up nearly a 1/3 of the
require alignment with other City Plans, consideration of
greenhouse gas emissions in Kalamazoo. A reduction
the criteria by City Departments in their daily work, and
of the vehicle miles traveled by personal automobiles
workingwith partnerorganizations, such as MetroTransit.
will reduce these emissions. Vehicles miles can be reduced by providing access to daily needs within
Plan Alignment. Realizing Complete Neighborhoods
neighborhoods, improving the pedestrian, bicycle,
will require alignment with other City plans, such as
and transit transportation network, promoting
the Parks and Recreation Plan and the Housing and
neighborhood schools, and increasing local job
Urban Development (HUD) Consolidated Plan. As
opportunities.
these plans are updated to incorporate IK 2025 input, they will include policies, goals, and activities that will
Sense of Community. Increasing access to gathering
also support achieving Complete Neighborhoods.
places; encouraging a greater variety of household types; improving street design, streetscape, and
Another planning tool to support Complete
vacant land planning policies; and increasing
Neighborhoods are Neighborhood Plans. These
walkability in a neighborhood will positively impact
will be instrumental in developing strategies for
the sense of community.
how individual neighborhoods in the City can meet the criteria. Neighborhood Plans also offer the
Improved Economic Vitality. A focus on
opportunity for neighborhoods to include additional
neighborhood businesses and employment
criteria based on neighborhood needs and goals.
- including the development of new business
Examples of these could include access to health
incubators and marketing strategies - will boost
care and access to employment opportunities.
Kalamazooâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economic vitality and diversity. City Department Work. Everyday decisions Shared Prosperity. Complete Neighborhoods
made by City staff can impact realizing Complete
offer a greater variety of choices for housing and
Neighborhoods in Kalamazoo.
transportation, opening possibilities to a greater number of Kalamazoo residents and increasing
112 MASTER PLAN
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Economic Development. Economic Development
Planning. The Planning Divisionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work impacts
staff can assist and guide businesses as they look
most of the Complete Neighborhood criteria. Their
for a location keeping such criteria as access to daily
work to create Neighborhood Plans will shape how
needs and fresh food in mind.
each neighborhood is able to meet the Complete Neighborhood criteria.
Public Services. In reviewing projects and budgets, Public Service can impact the transportation related
Partners. The City does not work alone. Achieving
criteria of walkability and access to transit and bicycle
Complete Neighborhoods in Kalamazoo will be a
routes.
collaborative effort with area organizations whose work focuses on key components of the criteria such
Community Development. Community Development
as transit, schools, and housing.
staff work regularly with organizations that focus on housing development in Kalamazoo. Understanding where a need exists for additional housing types can help shape housing conversations.
Best Practice: Livable Communities for Seniors Livable Communities for Seniors. A livable community is one that has affordable and appropriate housing, supportive community features, and services and adequate mobility options, which together facilitate personal independence and the engagement of residents in civic and social live. AARP The Journal - http://journal.aarpinternational.org/explore-by-topic/ infographics/the-livable-community
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Vacant Properties Map
Figure 4
Legend Vacant Owned by Land Bank Vacant Owned by Others
Best Practice: Affordable Housing Calculations Kalamazoo Attainable Housing: By the Numbers: Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines affordable housing as 30% or less of monthly income. In Kalamazoo this means: A household earning $10/hr or $1,733/month needs rent of $519 or less to be attainable HUD determined affordable rent in Kalamazoo based on average monthly income (AMI) for a 2 bedroom unit is $782, which would be 45% of monthly income for this household. 114 MASTER PLAN
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4. Housing Strategy IK2025 heard many comments on housing issues in Kalamazoo. Five common comments given are: •
A desire for an increase in the quantity of attainable housing units throughout our neighborhoods
•
A desire for an increase in the quantity of different housing types throughout our neighborhoods
• •
Adesire fora resources (skills and funds) to rehabilitate
• Create Zoning Districts that allow for more than one housing type. • Remove restrictions such as minimum lot and unit size. • Allow the development of accessory dwelling units (ADUs) by right. • Update Zoning Map to locate housing throughout
homes, including for weatherization
the City using both the existing neighborhood
Concerns with gentrification and change in property
context, access to daily needs, and in areas with
values (both an increase and decrease)
multiple transportation options.
Concerns with blight and vacant lots within residential neighborhoods.
Neighborhood Plans & Complete Neighborhood Strategy. The existence of multiple housing options
4.1 Support of Future Plans To best manage these issues and concerns, a focused housing strategy is required for Kalamazoo. At a minimum, the housing strategy should address these IK2025 comments. Through the update of the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Consolidated Plan and the new Shared Prosperity in Kalamazoo (SPK) Plan these and many other housing goals and actions will be development to put Kalamazoo on a path to ensure all residents have access to attainable housing. The Master Plan can set these efforts up for success through goals and actions related to the built environment. Zoning Ordinance Update. As detailed in a later section, the Master Plan is recommending many updates to the Kalamazoo Zoning Ordinance. To specifically support efforts to increase the quantity of attainable housing and the quantity of different housing types throughout all neighborhoods, the following changes are recommended:
within a neighborhood is one of the Complete Neighborhood criteria. Neighborhood Plans will be influential in determining the types of housing needed by neighborhood residents and location options within each neighborhood to maximize access to other neighborhood amenities. This is increasingly important for the growing number of seniors within our community, as well as those who wish to remain in their neighborhood, but in a smaller home. Vacant Land Strategy. Many vacant lots exist in Kalamazoo. The City of Kalamazoo and the Kalamazoo County Land Bank, responsible for 350 lots, will be working to create a strategy for the reuse focusing on the needs of the neighborhood. All housing types appropriate for the area’s context can be considered for affordable housing infill, including duplexes and accessory dwelling units. Simple neighborhood houses can easily blend with the existing single family context of many Kalamazoo neighborhoods. (Figure 4)
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5. Zoning as a Strength In the state of Michigan, having a Zoning Ordinance necessitates the creation of a Master Plan. The intent is that the Zoning Ordinance reflects the vision and goals of the Master Plan and includes regulations that achieve them. Accordingly, to achieve the Citywide vision and goals established in this document, the City Zoning Ordinance will need to be updated.
5.1 Form v. Use Traditional zoning focuses on the use of a lot, with a few basic parameters for a structure’s setback and height. These strategies were born out of historic
without a car, and our personal health, they are also not aesthetically pleasing or attractive to future development if they fail. Zoning can facilitate implementation of the goals from IK 2025, including a Connected City, Inviting Public Places, and Complete Neighborhoods, but only if it takes a different approach. Future zoning regulations will focus on the form of buildings and their placement in relation to the street and adjacent buildings first and foremost. Uses are still managed, but are no longer the primary sorting tool. This is known as form-based zoning.
concerns for lack of light and air and overall safety and welfare; not as tools to support active, vibrant areas. As personal vehicles began to dominate the
Form-based zoning regulations typically include the following types and regulations.
transportation network, new development was planned with their ability to allow long-distance travel 6/26/2017 in mind. The result, seen around the country more
broadly, has been not only detrimental to a location’s sense of community, the environment, ability to travel
•
Build to line or zone. This allows the City to Google Maps
better control building placement. Placing buildings close to the front property line
improves access by transit riders, pedestrian, and bicyclists.
Blank facades and oversized parking lots lack aesthetic appeal and sense of place. Source: Google Maps
Imagery ©2017 Google, Map
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Best Practice: Elements of Walkable Urban Areas
Transparent storefront
Built to line
Recessed entry
Pedestrian-scaled signage
Bicycle racks Entrance on front of building
Examples of building elements that can be incorporated into a form-based code to support walkable urban areas.
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•
Maximum coverage of the lot width at the front
height. Setting minimum and maximum heights
property line. In commercial areas, this standard
allows the City to determine where mixed-use
can prevent gaps between buildings which
buildings are appropriate.
impacts a shopper’s interest in a street or block. •
•
•
Location of entrances on front and corner facing
5.2 Importance of Context
facades. This ensures easy access for those
The relationship between buildings and the street
traveling by transit, on foot, or bicycle.
is an important element of form-based zoning.
Minimum level of transparency (windows,
Regulations take existing or desired context in mind
storefronts) on front and corner facing
to facilitate the realization of the area’s vision. This
facades. Active retail areas require high levels
prevents, for example, residential development on
of transparency in buildings to allow potential
high speed, high traffic count streets - or in an infill
shoppers to see in.
situation, a building that is set back significantly
Height, often in feet and not in total stories and
further than those around it. It also helps to create
typically has both a minimum and maximum
inviting places by viewing streets as an integral part of a place.
Best Practice: Elements of Walkable Urban Areas
Re-purpose of residential structure
Street trees On-street parking
Examples of building elements that can be incorporated into a form-based code to support walkable urban areas.
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Zoning maps in form-based codes lay out zoning districts that regulate building form, placement, and use, and also designate street types. This format is being implemented in the Future Land Development Plan. Like zoning districts, the street types have associated standards for such details as vehicular lane widths, pedestrian infrastructure, and streetscape. These guide both public and private street development and improvements.
5.3 Removing Barriers Zoning regulations dictate how land is developed and used. If they are out of step with a City’s vision, It is important to consider existing development patterns in
the regulations can be an obstacle, making use of a
neighborhoods. The Edison neighborhood, for example, is
lot, rehabilitation of a structure, or new construction
City Kalamazoo difficultof to impossible. In many Kalamazoo neighborhoods, zoning is that obstacle - but it does Zoning
Orient
primarily zoned RD-5, RD-19, and RM-15 with required minimum lot widths of 40’ or 60’. The existing average lot widths, however, range from 20’ to 70’, with the majority in the 30’-40’ range.
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MASTER PLAN
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Some of the changes will include:
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Grand
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Englem an
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Stonebrooke
Sherwood
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spe
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Harkins
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businesses.
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Butler
Ransom
Willard
Prospect
Pro
Butler
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Lucas
Jefferson
Forbes
Ampersee Ampersee
Jefferson
Center
Alexander
es
Main
Beacon
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Cav
North
updated to expand options and facilitate starting new
ll
R ay
Myrtle
Frank
Cooley
Ada
Scudder
Woodbury
Nola
Drexel
Gu
Parsons
Lawrence
Burrell
Simpson
Hawley
Summ it Park
Darden
Church
Staples
Hawley
Denner
Berkley
Florence
Cadillac
Stuart
Warren
Newgate
Chelten
Conant
Summ it
Gordon
Roberson
Ampe rsee
Blakeslee
Richardson
Norway
Mabel
River
Darby
Westbur y
Londonderry
Mason
Edwards
Elizabeth
Ogden
The list of permitted uses will be reviewed and Piccadilly
Bush
mo
Princeton
Ala Devonshi re
Canterbury
Winchester
Holland
Woodward
Fox Ridge
Bessi e Harding
Paterson
Warren
Stafford
Greenway
Donnington
Clay
Bosker
Rock ledge
William
ry
le Sunnyda
Riverview
Dennis
Croyden
Dunhill
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Highgate
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5.4 Uses
Martin
Prouty
Interfaith
nt
Pitcher
Persianwood
Beech
Hopkins
Rose
Hopkins
ne
Union
Cobb
Douglas
Shirela
Mou
Dunkley
Herbert
Park
Dunkley
Stone Mill
Trailswood
Kingsbrook
y Park
Cumberland
Grand Prairi e
Sprin g Valle
and correct current barriers within neighborhoods
Po
rta
I 94 /E ge
K
GREAT NEIGHBORHOODS
5.5 Parking
“(We need more) connectivity between
Parking requirements need to match the scale of development, both in quantity required and location. Quantity. Commercial uses in Nodes that focus on
neighborhoods and downtown and around downtownwithout using a car—transit loop, bike
the adjacent residences require less parking than those that serve multiple neighborhoods, or the
share, bike racks, wayfinding, etc.”
greater City. Residences near transit-served, mixeduse commercial areas need a different requirement
- Kalamazoo Resident
than those in other locations. Parking, like many other zoning requirements, is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Context and character, in addition to the traditional
restrictions were common complaints heard in many
considerations of size or quantity of customers, are
neighborhoods. Adjustments to existing on-street
important. Zoning updates should consider on-
parking will vary by neighborhood. When evaluating
street parking and shared spaces in the parking
potential changes, it is important to consider the
requirements. Overnight on-street parking regulations
age of the neighborhood; lot character, including
should be reviewed to determine if the overnight
driveway and garage sizes; adjacent land uses; and
restrictions are necessary.
neighborhood needs. Resident parking permits, streamlined signage, and adjusted time restrictions
Location: On-street. On-street parking was a frequent
should be considered on a neighborhood-by-
discussion at IK 2025 neighborhood meetings.
neighborhood basis. This can be addressed in the
Over-signage, confusing signage, and too many
Neighborhood Plan and through the cooperative efforts of the neighborhood with the City. Location: Surface Lots. Surface lots, especially in commercial and neighborhood Nodes, should be designed and located to minimize appearance and interruption to the character of the area. Lots should not be located on corners and should be screened with fencing and landscaping whenever located adjacent to a street or residential development
Screening of a surface parking lot adjacent to the street. Photo credit: Christina Anderson
120 MASTER PLAN
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5.6 Commercial & Neighborhood Nodes.
environments. Besides the development parameters
The Future Land Development Map designates
typically associated with commercial, Nodes have
Commercial and Neighborhood Nodes. Nodes
additional development requirements, both for
are concentrated areas of commercial and mixed
the lot and the adjacent street to acheive inviting,
use development intended to be walkable urban
vibrant places that can be access by all modes of transportation.
Best Practice: Transit-Oriented Development Transit-oriented development (TOD). TOD is a land use and development approach that prioritizes transit. The National League of Cities - Sustainable Cities Institute defines the principles of TOD as such: -Focus on mixed-use development -Moderate to high density -Pedestrian orientation/connectivity -Transportation choices -Reduced parking -High-quality design
While the density required to support transit service is dependent on many factors, research suggests that 7 residential units, or 20-30 persons, per acre can provide for a 30-minute bus service. Transit-oriented development can address environmental concerns, road congestion, increasing demand for urban living, and shrinking household sizes. Sources: Reconnecting America. “Featured Topic: Transit Supportive Density.” National League of Cities - Sustainable Cities Institute. “Transit-Oriented Development.”
Source: HNTB Companies www.indymidtownmagazine.com
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Zoning Districts. Nodes are inviting, vibrant places
additional consideration for mobility by all modes
with access by all modes of transportation. The
must be given. This includes:
Zoning Map will need to be updated with zoning
•
Location of transit stop(s)
districts that reflect the appropriate scale, uses, and
•
Bicycle parking
lot layout parameters for these areas.
•
Streetscape,suchastreesandway-findingsignageand street furniture
Structures. Development at Nodes should reflect the
•
Sidewalk width
vision for that area, as developed by neighborhood
•
Crosswalk, including special markings or mid-
input. This could be it mirroring the existing character of the surrounding neighborhood or something new.
block crossings as necessary •
Management of driveway access to parking
The scale of the Node - whether it is designated
or loading areas to minimize conflicts with
neighborhood or commercial in the Future Land
pedestrians
Development Plan - should also be taken into consideration. Required elements critical to the success of a Node as a walkable urban environment include: •
Entrances located on the street-facing facades or sides of buildings
•
Transparent windows along the street facing facades
•
Construction of buildings at or near the front property line, especially on corner lots
•
Signage appropriate to an urban Node, including projecting signs and sandwich board signs.
•
Parking located in rear or side of lots
•
Consideration of on-street and shared spaces in parking requirements
Streets. Nodes occur on a variety of street types. At the Node, regardless of the designated street type,
5.7 Sustainable Zoning The Zoning Ordinance can guide sustainable development practices through out the City. Future Zoning Ordinance updates should include the following. Stormwater Management. need to expand the consideration of stormwater management beyond setting a maximum lot coverage requirement. Roof top gardens, rainwater gardens, pervious and semipervious surface materials, graywater systems, and innovative in-street methods should all be studied for implementation. Energy. Use of solar panels and wind turbines are permitted in the current Zoning Ordinance. Updates can expand their use and provide ideal parameters for installation on both previously developed and undeveloped sites, such as building orientation or roof pitch ideal for solar installations. Landscape. Updates to the landscape requirements
122 MASTER PLAN
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GREAT NEIGHBORHOODS
should focus on native species and those compatible with native species. Guidance on edible landscapes, particularly usage of fruit trees in public or shared spaces should be detailed.
6. Preserving Kalamazoo Kalamazoo has five Local Historic Districts, which includes over 2000 homes and businesses, and nine individual historic structures. These protected areas have preserved Kalamazoo’s character and heritage for current residents and, moving forward, will
Walkable Urban Environments. Walkable urban
continue to tell Kalamazoo’s story.
environments are inherently sustainable. By making other modes of transportation available and easily accessible, personal vehicle trips can be reduced.
Not all residents nor all visitors are aware of Kalamazoo’s unique history. They are not aware of the Local Districts’ boundaries and locations, the histories behind the designations, or the rules that govern their management. Education and awareness will allow Kalamazoo to capitalize on these unique assets to serve residents - current and future - attract new visitors, and better preserve the city’s heritage.
6.1 Enhancing Existing Districts. Physically marking both the Local and National Register Districts and structures locations is critical to enhancing Kalamazoo’s historic places. This can be done in many ways, including adding signs at key points of entry, banners on light posts, or simply Innovative stormwater management.
painted curbs and crosswalks. Each District should be branded in a way that is appropriate for its history. Collaborating with residents and area students to research and design the signage will engage citizens in the history of their City and could reduce infrastructure costs. Special events such as tours increase the exposure within the City and region and can engage residents of historic districts. Tours can be run by historic experts or the residents of the District, which has the added benefit of increasing local knowledge of the
Rain garden planing. Photo credit Kalamazoo Nature Center
123 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
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Kalamazooâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Historic Crescent
Historic crescent - Kalamazoo MI
Historic crescent - Kalamazoo MI
Map of Kalamazooâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Historic Crescent
DISCLAIMER: This map is neither a legally recorded map nor a survey and is not intended to be used as one. This map is a compilation of records, information and data located in various city, county, state and federal offices and other sources regarding the area shown, and is to be used for reference purposes only. SOURCES: City of Kalamazoo, Plansight LLC;2008: Rentals Daily; Feb., Ownership Info; Jan., Parcels, Zoning, Landuse, Bus Stops, Bus Routes; 2007: October, Centerlines; June, Voting Precincts; Apr., S
DISCLAIMER: This map is neither a legally recorded map nor a survey and is not intended to be used as one. This map is a compilation of records, information and data located in various city, county, state and federal offices and other sources regarding the area shown, and is to be used for reference purposes only. SOURCES: City of Kalamazoo, Plansight LLC;2008: Rentals Daily; Feb., Ownership Info; Jan., Parcels, Zoning, Landuse, Bus Stops, Bus Routes; 2007: October, Centerlines; June, Voting Precincts; Apr., School Prop.;
House in the Stuart Historic District. Photo credit: Sharon Ferraro
Properties in the Vine Historic District. Photo credit: Sharon Ferraro
124 MASTER PLAN
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GREAT NEIGHBORHOODS
community. The City of Kalamazoo has seen success with programs like “If This House Could Talk,” in which yards signs provide a brief history of a structure or district. The collection of signs creates a self-guided walking tour.
6.2 Managing Historic Buildings & Resources. Historic buildings and resources, particularly those constructed prior to the mi-20th century, can have a different set of “best practices” for maintenance and repair. To facilitate the maintenance of the City’s 2000+ historic structures, and to make the choice of owning a historic property easier, resources to assist owners with maintenance and renovations should be made more readily available. Providing assistance allows property owners to make an informed choice, whether they undertake a project themselves or choose to contract out the work. The reality is that
Henderson Castle in the West Main Hill Historic District. Photo credit: Sharon Ferraro
many historic home maintenance projects can be done economically by the property owner, but are deferred or ignored due to a perception of expense and difficultly. Together, the City and the many local organizations, including the Old House Network, Community Home Works, and the Kalamazoo Land Bank, can establish regular classes and hands-on workshops to provide residents with the tools that they need to manage their structure. Historical Survey. As Kalamazoo’s structures continue to age, additional structures or areas might be eligible and appropriate for local historic designation. Regular
“If This House Could Talk” encouraged residents to explore the
study of Kalamazoo structures and neighborhoods
history of their own houses. The project was promoted through yard signs like the one above. Photo credit: Sharon Ferraro
125 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
GREAT NEIGHBORHOODS
“The U.S. Department of Energy states that windows account for only 10% of air infiltration, while floors, walls, and ceilings account for
will help ensure that areas of significance can be preserved and their history added to the already rich Kalamazoo story. This survey of properties can also yield information useful to reviewing and updating City Ordinances, such as the Zoning Ordinance. Historical surveys should be updated every 10 years.
over 30%. Insulation in floors and attics can
6.3 Perceived Conflicts. offset the minimal energy loss in windows. The
During IK2025, residents frequently noted a concern that Local Historic District regulations were in conflict
primary culprit for energy loss in windows is air
with achieving energy efficiency and meeting modern needs - particularly in the case of residential
infiltration around the perimeterofthe frame and
dwellings. This is not the case. Energy efficiency can be economically attained in an historic structure
the movable sash.Weather-stripping, caulking,
without altering the historic character. Providing information and access to options, associated costs,
and the installation of a storm window greatly reduce airinfiltration,while replacing the original window and installing a replacement will have a minimal positive effect. “
Energy Leakage in Buildings
and DIY resources will change this perception and can positively impact heating, cooling, and other energy-saving costs. It is important that this information reach property owners and renters who can undertake simple, inexpensive steps to positively impact their heating and cooling costs. Historic Regulations. A review of the Local Historic District regulations will help to balance the needs of today’s property owners and the preservation of Kalamazoo’s historic structures. Focusing requirements on the elements that have the greatest impact on the character of a district, such as the facades and yards visible from the street, can provide property owners with flexibility to expand or renovate the interior without altering the exterior character of structure or the view from the street. Other
Source: http://www.taseca.com/draft-reduction.html
126 MASTER PLAN
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7. Parks & Recreation ordinances, such as the Zoning Ordinance should
IK2025 input for parks and recreation centered on two
also be reviewed to ensure they are not inadvertently
concepts. First, therewas a stated desire forallresidents to
a barrier to maintaining historic structures. This
have safe and convenient access to parks and recreation
includes a consideration of setbacks, lots size, and lot
opportunities. Access is defined as living no more than a
coverage requirements.
¼ mile, or a 5-minute walk, from a park or open space. In addition to access, IK2025 input also included a discussion
6.4 Conservation Districts. Conservation Districts are a “softer” alternative to Local Historic Districts. They seek to maintain and encourage infill that helps redevelopment areas that have lost much historic fabric, but still have enough
of how residents are being served by the existing park properties. Understanding that residents use parks differently, IK2025 discussedwhere different types ofpark facilitiesoramenities(playgrounds,courts,greenspace,or growing space) should be located.
remaining to establish their character. Conservation District standards would focus on enhancing the
7.1 Access to Parks
established character. This tool could be explored by
To achieve the access goal for parks and recreation,
neighborhoods through their Neighborhood Planning
the first step is to understand what areas are not
process.
currently served by open space. Knowing where gaps exist allows for the following actions to be taken to meet access needs. •
Prioritize areas with gaps for land acquisition for new park and recreation facilities.
Kalamazoo has a variety of park facilities or types. Photo credit: Neal Conway.
127 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
GREAT NEIGHBORHOODS
Access to Park within 1/4 Mile of Residence
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Grand
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Kalamazoo
ETHEL ROCKWELL PLAYGROUND ETHEL ROCKWELL PLAYGROUND
Beacon
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GOLDSWORTH POND
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KALAMAZOO RIVER
Park Holland
Warren
Warren
Denner
Drexel CHARLES
Lawrence
Mitchell
Green Acres
KL
Rose
Union
Cobb
Douglas
Fox Ridge
Ada
Jefferson
Hills
Church
Stone Mill
Highgate
Northampton
Greenway
Donnington
Stafford
Piccadilly
Newgate
Berkley
Nola
Forbes
Pro
Richardson
Roberson
Darden
River
Winchester
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Summit Park
Heatherdowns
Florence
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Summit
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Blakeslee
W. DOUGLAS NEIGHBORHOOD PARK W. DOUGLAS NEIGHBORHOOD PARK
SPRING VALLEY LAKE
Humphrey
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Mabel
FLORENCE SPRAY PARK
Ampersee
W. DOUGLAS NEIGHBORHOOD PARK
Londonderry
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Bessie
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PRINCETON PARK
Bosker
Jefferson
Wimbleton
WILL
KROM & PROUTY
Prouty
Interfaith
Ritsema
Main
Stonebrooke
Hopkins
Alpine
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Hopkins
Lulu
Canterbury
Darby
Westbury
Sunnyd ale
Hammond
Dennis
Rock ledge
EK
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VE RI
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Range
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FRAY'S PARK
SILV
Troy
KA
Dunkley
Dunkley Kingsbrook
Croyden
Brookmont
Chandler AVERILL LAKE
Grand Prairie
Dunhill
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g
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in
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City of Kalamazoo Parks
Mount Olivet
Corlot
Parchmount
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Airview
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Byrd
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Auburn
rs
Underwood
W
Brownies
Portage
I 94
Lookout
Lovers
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I 94
Legend 1/4 Mile Park Buffer Milham
Parks
Milham
Milham
Parcels
±
City Boundary
Mastenbrook
Hydrology
Bishop
0
0.25
0.5
1 Miles
Print Date: October 2, 2017
128 MASTER PLAN
imagine kalamazoo 2025
GREAT NEIGHBORHOODS
•
Work with property owners to develop vacant or underutilized lots in areas with gaps to meet resident park and recreation needs.
•
Partner with neighborhood organizations to find ways other than physical park facilities to meet recreation needs.
The future updates to the Parks and Recreation Plan will utilizethe1/4mileaccessserviceareatoguideitsgoalsand actions.ThroughNeighborhoodPlans,residentscanbetter define the gap areaswithin theirneighborhood and create a vision to meet their park and recreation needs. (Figure 5)
7.2 Park Types Parks can be passive (green and natural spaces) or active (courts, playgrounds, splash pads, pools, etc). Updates to the Parks and Recreation Plan will detail the different park types and amenities appropriate in Kalamazoo; intended service areas for each (neighborhood, multiple neighborhoods, whole city, regional park, etc); and ideal distances residents should be from each facility type.
7.3 Growing Space In addition to passive or physical recreation, parks can also serve as opportunities for community growing spaces. IK2025 input included the desire for growing space, specifically community gardens, food forests (areas planted with edible landscape, specifically fruit and nut trees), and public fruit trees. Many of the City’s park spaces are appropriate for these uses. Development of a community garden in an existing park in West
Utilizing park properties could have several benefits,
Main Hill neighborhood. Photo credit: Christina Anderson
including increasing access to fresh produce; building a sense of community among neighbors and/ or gardeners; and reducing emissions from food transportation.
129 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
GREAT NEIGHBORHOODS
Future updates to the Parks and Recreation Plan, should include which parks could support growing spaces and establish guidelines for their creation. These guidelines should cover leasing of public space, garden planning and review process, growing guidelines, and technical resources. Partnering with organizations, such as the Food Innovation Center at Kalamazoo Valley Community College (KVCC), Michigan State University (MSU) Extension, and other food or growing related organizations, to promote community gardens giving potential gardeners training and technical resources. Plan updates should also include a list of appropriate fruit or nut trees for park and other public spaces. Strategies for trees should include guides for their maintenance and care through neighborhood or local partnerships.
8. Neighborhood Networks During IK 2025, the transportation networks within and around neighborhoods were frequent discussion topics, particularly around neighborhood schools, parks, and identified Nodes.
8.1 Neighborhood Accessibility Large parks and schools (especially middle schools) are often shared by adjacent neighborhoods. To facilitate connectivity, existing routes for all travel should be reviewed.Wherenetworksarenotlinked,newconnections should be considered. Through IK 2025, priorities for network of connections were around schools, parks, and Nodes.
Barriers to Connection. Barriers often exist, including major roadways, missing sidewalks, unfinished bike networks, railroad tracks, or natural features such as waterways that make travel seem more difficult. When connecting parks or commercial spaces, access points must be considered. Where barriers exist, alternative routes must be developed or other accommodations made. This could include the use of medians in a roadway to assist at pedestrian crossings or adjusting trail routes. Safe Routes to School. SRTS is focused on creating a safe walking and bicycling environment for children as they travel to school. The program aims to promote physical activity, decrease air pollution and traffic, and create a sense of shared community. SRTS saves on busing and driving costs, and reduces the rate of
130 MASTER PLAN
imagine kalamazoo 2025
GREAT NEIGHBORHOODS
injury. According to th National Center for Safe Routes to School, cities that have invested in SRTS projects see, on average, a 31% increase in walking and bicycling to school over a 5-year period. By prioritizing safe pedestrian and bicycle access to schools, the City of Kalamazoo can support families and create prosperous and active neighborhoods.
131 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
IK at Work Imagine Kalamazoo Goals & Actions All of the elements of the Master Plan are intended to preserve and enhance the quality of life for the City’s residents, employees, and visitors. IK at Work provides a comprehensive look at all of the goals established in previous sections, and sets forth a work plan for accomplishing them. The following goals encompass transportation, development at the Downtown and neighborhood level, and policies that change the way that business is done. Actions address how quality of life, shared prosperity, and continuous engagement will be advanced throughout the City. These actions will help to shape the City’s urban form, supporting improved walkability and bike-ability within an equitable and accessible urban environment. To implement the policies, projects, and goals, the Master Plan will be aligned with the City’s priority based budgeting (PBB) process, informing the Foundation For Excellence (FFE) aspirational project funding, and guiding the work of all City departments and staff. IK @ Work is sorted by the Strategic Vision Goals: Connected City, Complete Neighborhood, Economic Vitality, Inviting Public Places, Environmental Responsibility, Shared Prosperity, and Strength Through Diversity to show alignment between these documents. Each goal includes a set of corresponding action items that will be the focus of a project work plan. The details of the action items published - lead, partners, timelines, funding, and metrics are a starting point for engagement. It is the City’s core practice to engage the community throughout the life of each of the action items. All of the current project plans can be followed on www.imaginekalamazoo.com.
Project Estimated Expenses Legend $ - Low Cost $$ - Moderate Cost $$$ - Significant Project Cost $$$$ - Significant Planning & Construction Cost
132 MASTER PLAN
imagine kalamazoo 2025
IK at WORK
Good Governance
Economic Vitality
Strength Through Diversity
Complete Neighborhoods
Youth Development
Safe Community
Environmental Responsibility
Inviting Public Places
Connected City
Shared Prosperity
SP CC IPP ER SC YD CN SD EV GG Strategic Vision Goals
Master Plan & Strategic Vision Alignment
Master Plan Sections Connected City Components of a Connected City Strategic Framework
Great Neighborhoods Complete Neighborhoods Neighborhood Plans Zoning as a Strength Neighborhood Networks Parks & Recreation Historic Neighborhoods
• • • • • •
• •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • •
•
Downtown Life Downtown Networks Downtown Zoning Marketing Arts & Activities for All
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • •
Organizing the Master Plan sections by Strategic Vision goal avoids duplication and ensures that these documents have a cohesive vision.
133 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
IK at WORK
CC
Connected City -
A City networked for walking, biking, riding, and driving.
Street design should respond to land use and become safe for all users toward no fatalities or serious injuries involving road traffic. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
Adopt Complete Street Policy to align street design, reconstruction, and maintenance with IK 2025 Street Types; enhancing pedestrian experiences in Downtown and Commercial and Neighborhood Nodes
CP&D
Public Services, Parks & Recreation
Create access management plan with clear standards that reduce conflicts between motor vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians at driveways, sidewalks, and intersections.
Public Services
Bicycle infrastructure projects should be evaluated for type and provide continuous routes of travel throughout the community; Prioritize connections between neighborhoods, employment areas, schools, business districts, and transit stops.
FUNDING
METRICS
Spring 2018
Staff Time
Establish baseline data on pedestrian and bicycle movement.
CP&D
Spring 2018
Staff Time
Priority assessment of Street Types
Public Services
CP&D, Parks, DKI, Neighborhoods
Long Term
$$ - $$$
Evaluate miles built annually; bike, sidewalk
Seek revisions to the KATS Long Range Transportation Plan to include new recommendations of this Master Plan; including Transportation Improvement Plan 2018-2023
Public Services
City Staff, KATS
Winter 2019
Staff Time
Amendments Adopted
Incorporate the Street Types from the Land Development Framework into the Zoning Ordinance
CP&D
Public Services
Winter 2019
Staff Time
Adopted Ordinance
Create a streetscape policy based on street type and location (Node, Downtown, etc.)
Parks & Public Services Rec, CP&D
Spring 2018
$$
Rewritten Policy/Design
Evaluate feasibility to expand location of heated sidewalks; Create a Master Plan
Public Services
DDA
Spring 2018
Staff Time
Create Master Plan for Proj.
CP&D
DKI, County Parks,
Spring 2018
$$
Apply for grant funding through MDOT and FHWA
Incorporate bicycle education and culture into City road project materials, media, events, and website.
134 MASTER PLAN
TIMELINE
imagine kalamazoo 2025
IK at WORK
Improve access, navigation, and circulation to the Downtown businesses by evaluating the design of one-way street conversions to two-way. ACTION
LEAD
Work with relevant transportation agencies to determine parameters through which the conversion can occur, including a discussion of jurisdiction.
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Public MDOT, Services, KATS CP&D, DKI
Spring 2018
Staff Time
Alternatives created
Prioritize the conversion based on restoring Public MDOT, connectivity, impacts to walkability, bicycling, Services, KATS and economic vitality. CP&D, DKI
Spring 2018
Staff Time
Alternatives created
Design future two-way streets using the Street Types in Plan 2025 and the Complete Streets Policy as guides.
Public Services
CP&D, MDOT, KATS
August 2018
TIGER, KATS, CIP
Adopt Complete Streets Policy
Utilize Transportation Demand Management in studying traffic volumes, level of service, new development, and redevelopment, particularly in Downtown.
Public Services
CP&D, MDOT, KATS
Long Term
KATS, CCTA, DKI
Enhance public transportation signage with route information, stop amenities (benches, shelters, bike racks), and study locations to increase ridership, consider express options, and expand connectivity. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
$$
Evaluate the additional transit connections
$$
# of improved stops
Determine need for additional routes/stops by focusing on neighborhood connections to destinations such as nodes, Downtown, schools/universities, and parks.
CCTA
CP&D
Summer 2018
Support the maintenance and improvement of bus stops through construction project coordination and funding of improvements and enhancements.
CCTA
CP&D, Public Services
Summer 2018
Study high use routes and ways to increase frequency of transit services (i.e. signal prioritization, stop improvements)
CCTA
Public Services
Fall 2018
$$
Explore 5 step Bus Rapid Transit Modeling.
Improve wayfinding for public transit. Where to get the bus, what routes, time information. Consider digital signage.
CCTA
Public Services
Fall 2018
$$
# of signs replaced,
Assist in the creation of partnership with schools, employers, and organizations throughout the City for transit passes.
CCTA
CP&D, SPK
Fall 2018
$$
# of new partners; # of new riders
135 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
IK at WORK
Transit stations can play a role in improving the livability of communities, and can be an integral part of community life, a place that people come to enjoy as a part of their every day life. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
Make the Transportation Center a destination beyond transit connections; locate retail, restaurant, and other amenities.
CCTA/ED
CP&D
Long Term $$$
Feasibility Study
$$$$
Evaluate stop locations, time, routes
$$
# of housing units
$$-$$$
RFP for locations; local artists
Evaluate a circulator around the Downtown and locate stops near popular destinations; and the potential for neighborhood to neighborhood destinations.
CCTA/DKI
CP&D
Summer 2018
Explore Transit Oriented Development models to locate density and development.
CP&D/ Neighborhoods
ED
Planning 2018
CCTA
Planning CP&D/DKI 2019
Locate public art and other community uses near transit centers that spur improvements to surrounding areas and create centers of activity.
CN
FUNDING METRICS
Complete Neighborhoods
Residential areas that support the full range of peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s daily needs
Develop a Complete Neighborhood Policy to address daily needs, infrastructure, and services that provide each neighborhood with opportunity for equitable achievement. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
Define a complete neighborhood in Kalamazoo; consult best practices for baseline information.
CP&D
ED, Winter Neighborhoods, 2018 K College
CP&D
ED, Spring Neighborhoods, 2018 K College
Study Kalamazooâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s neighborhoods using the complete neighborhood definition. Establish goals to achieve neighborhood completeness across the city.
136 MASTER PLAN
CP&D
ED, Neighborhoods
TIMELINE
Summer 2018
FUNDING
METRICS
Staff Time
Method of study, tracking over time.
Staff Time
Baseline information on each neighborhood.
Staff Time
Evaluate neighborhoods using the definition.
imagine kalamazoo 2025
IK at WORK
Enhance Kalamazooâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s unique historic character & resources ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Assist in the creation of distinctive branding and physical attributes in each Historic District.
Historic District
CP&D, HDC, HPC
Long Term $$-$$$
Neighborhood Plan Actions
Organize regular Historic District education programs to increase local knowledge of each district for home and business owners.
Historic District
CP&D, HDC, HPC
Plan 2018
$
Neighborhood Plan Actions
Assist with the organization of tours and other events to promote historic resources
Historic District
CP&D, HDC, HPC
Plan 2018
$
Neighborhood Plan Actions
Complete a historic building and resources survey to understand existing conditions and for the consideration of new Historic District or Conservation District designations.
CP&D
HDC, HPC
Plan 2018; Complete by 2019
$$
Neighborhood Plan Actions
Assist in the development of neighborhood coalitions and partners to create and implement plans and projects ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Assist with the improvement of neighborhood communication to involve residents in engagement.
Neighborhood
CP&D
Long Term
Staff Time, $
# of people engaged
Assist neighborhoods with development and sustainability of organized associations.
Neighborhood
CP&D
Long Term
Staff Time, $
# of people engaged
Assist neighborhoods with development and sustainability of coalition for broader support.
Neighborhood
CP&D
Long Term
Staff Time, $
# of people engaged
137 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
IK at WORK
Review Zoning Ordinance to match Vision, IK 2025 Input, and reduce number of variance and rezoning requests. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Align Zoning Ordinance against Future Land Development Framework
CP&D
MML, MEDC
Spring 2018
$$
Adopt revisions
Review Zoning Ordinance for areas of obsolescence, including in district mapping, uses, and review and approval processes.
CP&D
MML, MEDC
Spring 2018
$$
Adopt revisions
Determine barriers to infill development throughout the city; review lot sizes, building restrictions, standards, and coverage.
CP&D
ED, Public Spring Services, MEDC 2018
$$
Adopt revisions
Define Neighborhood and Commercial Node types; define desired development patterns for walkability and activity.
CP&D
Neighborhoods
Spring 2018
Staff Time
Adopt revisions
Use Form-based Code to determine the appropriate mix of building types that would preserve neighborhood patterns, foster walkable urban development in the Nodes and Downtown, and meet the varied housing needs of the City.
CP&D
ED, Public Services, DKI, MEDC
Spring 2018
Staff Time - $$
Adopt revisions
Update zoning districts to support Complete Neighborhoods and the Ciyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attainable housing strategy
CP&D
Neighborhoods
Spring 2018
Staff Time -$$
Adopt revisions
Revise the Use Table to reflect the Future Land Development Framework; be simpler and more flexible.
CP&D
N/A
Spring 2018
Staff Time
Adopt revisions
Update parking requirements to include context and desired development patterns; base on national best practices that include considerations for autonomous vehicles, electric charging stations, and renewable energy sources.
CP&D
ED, Public Services, DKI
Spring 2018
Staff Time
Adopt revisions
Incorporate green development practices to foster more sustainable development; Revise landscape standards to focus on native CP&D species and potential growing spaces in public right-of-way and private development.
ED, Public Services, DKI
Spring 2018
Staff Time -$
Adopt revisions
138 MASTER PLAN
imagine kalamazoo 2025
IK at WORK
Increase access to healthy food in every neighborhood. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING METRICS
Use public land for placement of gardens in under utilized spaces.
CP&D
Parks & Rec
Winter 2017
Staff Time
# of gardens created; access
Create a community garden board to develop the applications for funding, and share information and materials, necessary for the start-up and sustainability of gardens.
CP&D
KVCC, Nature Spring Center, 2018 Neighborhoods
Staff Time
Engage residents to create board.
Increase the quantity of gardens throughout the City through vacant land use.
CP&D
Land Bank
Spring 2018
Staff Time
# of gardens created
Plant fruit trees in parks and other public spaces.
Parks & Rec
Neighborhoods Fall 2018
$$
Number of trees planted annually
Develop rehabilitation strategies for existing homes and buildings; including Historic structures. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Invest in the development of jobs and skills for improvements for repairs and weatherization projects;
SPK
CP&D/ED, LISC
Summer 2018
$$$
# of jobs created; # of homes impacted
Strengthen partnerships with area organizations and businesses to provide tools CP&D and resources for large-scale improvements as an alternative to demolition.
Land Bank, County, LISC, KNHS
Summer 2018; Housing Strategy
$$$
# of properties saved; impact of rehabs; # of affordable hsing
Invest in lead remediation strategies that support the rehabilitation of older housing stock. (paint/pipes)
Public Services
Fall 2018
$$$
# of pipe replaced; # of home remediation
Preserve Kalamazooâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s single-family homes by investing in maintenance, preservation, improvement, and development of singleCP&D family housing infill for all persons, regardless of income level.
Land Bank, LISC, KNHS
Summer 2018; Housing Strategy
$$$$
# of properties saved; impact of rehabs; # of affordable hsing
Exploring changes in regulations that meet current best practices for materials and contractors; educating and training residents on the rehabilitation and sustainability of historic home repair.
Land Bank, LISC, KNHS; Historic Pres. Comm.
Summer 2018; Housing Strategy
$$
# of properties saved; impact of rehabs; # of affordable hsing
CP&D
CP&D
139 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
IK at WORK
Develop and implement a code enforcement master plan (blight elimination plan) to enforce code requirements and provide adequate code department facilities, services, and staffing. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Work with residents, businesses, and community organizations in conducting CP&D public outreach and educational programs to promote voluntary compliance.
Neighborhoods, Business Associations
Begin Plan $ - Staff 2018/19 Time
# of programs held
Create strategy for vacant and abandoned Commercial and Industrial buildings.
CP&D
Neighborhoods, Land Bank
2018
$ - Staff Time
Adopted Plan
Policy for demolition work that a building must be fumigated if pests or animals are found in the building prior to demolition.
CP&D
Land Bank, County
2018
Staff Time
Adopted policy
Determine affordable housing financing strategies that can meet the needs of Kalamazoo residents; infill and rehabilitation. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Explore the use of Equity Funds, Community Land Trust, and public/private partnerships.
CP&D
ED, LISC
2018/19
$ - Staff Time
Presentation, Memo, Toolkit
Create rehabilitation strategies for existing homes that can be sold to low- to moderateCP&D income families with affordable deed restrictions to remain affordable.
SPK, ED, Land Bank, LISC, KNHS
2018/19
$ - Staff Time
Housing strategy, # of houses sold
Expand home ownership with lease-to-own programs and partners.
CP&D
ED, KNHS, LISC, Land Bank
2018/19
$ - Staff Time
Housing Strategy Data
Evaluate new residential development to attract individuals already working, but not living, in the City increasing residential housing stock affordable stock in the Downtown.
CP&D
SPK, ED, Land Bank, LISC, KNHS
2018/19
$ - Staff Time
Housing Strategy Data
Invest in and incentivize development projects that create senior living/ assisted care opportunities and housing options that are affordable throughout the city.
CP&D
SPK, ED, Land Bank, LISC, KNHS
2018/19
$ - Staff Time
Housing Strategy Data
Evaluate and promote a mix of housing types across neighborhoods to accommodate various income levels so residents can CP&D remain in the City or in their neighborhood as lifestyle needs change.
SPK, ED, Land Bank, LISC, KNHS
2018/19
$ - Staff Time
Housing Strategy Data; Adopt zoning revisions.
140 MASTER PLAN
imagine kalamazoo 2025
IK at WORK
EV
Economic Vitality
Growing businesses and stabilizing the local economy to the benefit of all.
Complete a Parking Management Strategy for Downtown to incorporate IK 2025, Gibbs Retail, and Urban Growth Initiative data and best practices. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
$$
RFP for strategic plan
$$
Strategic Plan actions
Seek revisions to the 5 Year Parking Plan based on this Master Plan Update
DKI
CP&D/ED
Winter 2018
Coordinate spaces and pricing in ramps, on-street, and surface parking lots; evaluate employee parking and Transportation Demand best practices.
DKI
CP&D/ Public Services/ CCTA
Winter 2018
Study expanding on-street parking spaces, especially on Priority Streets; use data to inform any zoning updates.
DKI
CP&D/ Public Services
Winter 2018
Staff Time
Review all streets for locations
Update zoning ordinance to prohibit surface parking lots located on corners in Downtown and Nodes.
DKI
CP&D
Winter 2018
Staff Time
Adopted ordinance
$$$$
Review all streets for locations, designs.
Reduce the impact of traffic on Downtown streets through on-street parking, streetscaping, and traffic calming.
CP&D/Public Services/DKI
MDOT, KATS, DKRRA, DDA
Winter 2018
Incentivize areas that have underutilized growth - Downtown, Corridors, and Nodes ACTION
LEAD
Determine through sub-area study whether or not incentives through designated Corridor Improvement Authority, Principle Shopping ED/ Districts, Business Improvement District or CP&D other Tax Increment Financing models are appropriate to spur investment and support Downtown neighborhood goals.
PARTNER
Neighborhoods
Evaluate strategic City property acquisition of underutilized land reuse opportunities through Brownfield Redevelopment Authority.
BRA Board, ED/BRA DDA, CP&D
Fund and expand the facade improvement program (Economic Opportunity Fund)
ED
CP&D, DDA, LISC
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Long Term $$$$
# of jobs, # of businesses, $ invested
Plan Spring 2018;Long Term
$$$$
# of properties
Spring 2018
$$$
# of buildings, $ invested
141 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
IK at WORK
Review all City development processes from the point of view of the client. ACTION Work across City departments to develop streamline application processes and materials and make available online, payment online, scheduling online. Assign a project liaison that can be a single point of contact for clients to remove the need of a client to contact multiple Departments for a single project. Review all forms, including permits, checklists, and contracts, to ensure connectivity to the process and updated information.
LEAD
CP&D
PARTNER
ED
ED
CP&D
CP&D/ED
All Depts in Development Process
TIMELINE
2018
2018
2018
FUNDING
METRICS
$
Survey clients, new forms, online accessibility
$
Survey clients re: success of process
$
Create new forms, online accessibility
Develop a gentrification vulnerability analysis to put programs and zoning in place that mitigate the likelihood of involuntary displacement. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Evaluate best practices like Equity Mapping, evaluate neighborhoods for baseline data to begin to understand and track gentrification.
CP&D
SPK, LISC
2018/2019
$$
Presentation, Memo, Action Items
Use tools like GIS to develop data and map demographics, housing, healthcare, health outcomes, transportation, food, parks, and employment for all neighborhoods
CP&D/IT
SPK, YWCA, 2018/2019
$$
Hire data coordinator
Use data to address equitable outcomes; measure and adjust programs. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
Create an Equity Atlas that focuses priorities to address equitable outcomes to measure and adjust programs.
SPK
CP&D, YWCA, United Way
Map demographics: race/ethnicity, income, age, and household composition.
SPK
CP&D
SPK
CP&D, YWCA, 2019 LISC, United 2025 Way
Measure access: how well the residents of a particular geographic area can access key opportunities, including a healthy environment, food, housing, transportation, parks and nature, education, economic opportunity, services, and other community resources.
142 MASTER PLAN
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
2019
$$
SPK Action Items; Strategic Planning
2019
$
Create a baseline
$$
SPK Action Items; Strategic Planning
imagine kalamazoo 2025
IK at WORK
IPP Inviting Public Places Vibrant streets, exceptional parks, and welcoming activities.
Update the Parks and Recreation Plan to reflect IK2025. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Use the goal of a 1/4 mile as the maximum distance residents should be from a park to shape land acquisition and park improvement strategies
Parks & Rec
CP&D
2019
$
Map of service areas
Review park facilities or types to detail appropriate amenities within each space and determine the appropriate serve area for each to best serve residents.
Parks & Rec
CP&D
2019
$$
Map areas; Update Parks Master Plan
Incorporate landscape standards that promote native species and those compatible with native species for both landscape and growing spaces.
Parks & Rec
CP&D, Public Services
$$-$$$
Map areas; Update Parks Master Plan
2019
Make Kalamazoo an outstanding pedestrian environment; expand diversity and number of events in Downtown and Neighborhoods. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
CP&D, DKI
Public Services, HPC, HDC, Parks, KIA, ACKC
2019/20
$$
Map areas; engagement; Create Plan
Evaluate the cultural resources throughout the City to assess unmet demand of arts, CP&D, DKI cultural and entertainment venues; as well as marketing of venues for activities;
Public Services, HPC, HDC, Parks, KIA, ACKC
2019/20
$
Map areas; engagement; Create Plan
Expand the events and activities in Downtown to meet a broader range of the community and to occur year-round.
Public Services, HPC, HDC, Parks, Discover Kzoo
$$
Evaluate venues, marketing strategy, branding
Develop way-finding plan that includes pedestrian and vehicular oriented directional signage to designate and brand the Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s unique areas.
CP&D, DKI
TIMELINE
2019/20
FUNDING METRICS
143 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
IK at WORK
ER
Environmental Responsibility A green and healthy city.
Mitigate stormwater run off, erosion, and contamination of water. ACTION Incentivize low impact development on building sites to create rain gardens, preserve Natural Features, restore wetlands, and plant trees.
LEAD
CP&D
Design new street right-of-way to greatest extent possible to include green Public infrastructure (rain gardens, previous Services pavement, and other stormwater mitigation designs).
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
ED/BRA
Long Term $$
Gallons diverted, # of new sustainable buildings
CP&D
Long Term $$$
Gallons diverted, miles built
Plan and create a policy for invasive species mitigation. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Use site plan review to include on the environmental checklist monitoring known Japanese Knotweed locations.
CP&D
Public Services
Winter 2018
Staff Time
# of sites identified
Create mitigation plan for Japanese CP&D Knotweed disposal and monitoring; Due Care
Public Services
Winter 2018
Staff Time
# of sites mitigated
Increase use of renewable energies throughout the City. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Create revolving loan fund for clean energy improvements.
ED
Public Services
2019
$$$-$$$$
# of improvements
Explore citywide green energy purchasing policy.
Public Services
ED
2019
break even
Decrease spending
Develop, adopt, and maintain a Climate Action Plan and track progress. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Establish risk assessment levels for the City for green house gas emissions
Public Services
ECC, Nature Center, WMU
2019
$
ICLEI
Determine what low-impact development Public standards can be incorporated into the Services, Zoning Ordinance and are appropriate for the CP&D City based on context
ECC, Nature Center, WMU
2019
$
Adopted revisions
144 MASTER PLAN
imagine kalamazoo 2025
IK at WORK
Prepare for Climate Resilience; Protect Natural Features throughout the City for well-head protection, watershed, erosion, urban forest, tree canopy, wildlife refuge, agriculture, and restoration along Kalamazoo River and Creek corridors. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE FUNDING
METRICS
Evaluate the open space needs of the city in order to mitigate flooding and climate change expectations; Prepare guidelines for areas where environmental restoration is identified.
Public Services
CP&D, ED, ECC, KNC
2019
$$
Map areas; Acres protected
Consider the built environment needs: heating/cooling â&#x20AC;&#x153;stationsâ&#x20AC;? or locations withing the City; storm shelters.
CP&D
ECC, Neighborhoods
2019/20
$$$$
Map affected areas; determine locations
Consider the built-out environment and evaluating vacant lands or new projects as they relate to protection including but not limited to: restoration of wetlands, forest, and daylighting creeks.
CP&D
ED, Land Bank, Public Services, MDEQ, DNR
2018/19
Adopt zoning revisions, Map $$$-$$$$ affected areas; determine locations
Revise landscape standards to increase buffers and preserve woodlands/slopes where neighborhood edge areas abut established residential areas.
CP&D
Parks, Public Services, ECC
2018/19
Staff Time
Adopt zoning revisions
CP&D
Parks, Public Services, ECC, MDEQ, DNR 2018/19 Neighborhoods, Property Owners, KNC
Staff Time
Adopt zoning revisions, Map affected areas; determine locations
Expand on inventory of natural features and open space to frame green ways and classify Parks priority areas to unify neighborhood green way plans across the city for connectivity.
KNC, DNR, CP&D
2019/20
Staff Time
Update Parks Master Plan
Increase the tree canopy throughout the City along streets in Downtown and Neighborhoods; Evaluate the City by neighborhood to determine species for infill strategy.
Parks and Recreation, Nature Center
Summer 2019
$$
Tree cover % and time line to be developed
Pursue the acquisition or protection of sensitive environmental areas through a range of techniques, such as conservation easements, deed restrictions, transfer of development rights, land conservancy donations, transfer to foundations or public bodies.
Public Services
145 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
IK at WORK
Increase the percentage of sustainable buildings; include low impact best practices in zoning ordinance. ACTION Incentivize sustainable development in administrative and site review processes by allowing projects by right or with minimal review. Bonuses for density, parking exemptions, and fees for developers to use renewable energies, locate near transit, and achieve a green building certification. Evaluate requirements such as east/west facing orientation, stormwater practices, maximum impervious surfaces, and allowance for wind, solar, and geothermal energy.
LEAD
PARTNER
CP&D
ED, Public Services, ECC
CP&D
CP&D
Evaluate city building and renovation projects to meet green building standards (such as CP&D LEED) that provide long term payback on investment. Inventory available land (vacant and abandoned) and identify strategies to preserve for open space or incentivize for infill development. Pre-package sustainable development approval.
CP&D
ED
ED
ED
ED
TIMELINE
2019
2019
2019
2019
2019
FUNDING
METRICS
Staff Time
Adopted Revisions to Ordinance
Staff Time
Adopted Revisions to Ordinance
Staff Time
Adopted Revisions to Ordinance
Staff Time
Adopted Revisions to Ordinance
Staff Time
Adopted Revisions to Ordinance
Reduce dependence on fossil fuels and prepare for alternative transportation. ACTION
Evaluate fleet purchases or leases that include hybrid or electric vehicles.
LEAD
TIMELINE
City Departments
2020
Complete the gaps/missing connectivity between neighborhoods throughout the city CP&D for pedestrian, bicycle, and recreational NonMotorized Plan implementation.
ED
Long Term
Expand the urban trail system to connect neighborhoods, Downtown, and surrounding municipalities.
ED, DKI, Long Neighborhoods Term
146 MASTER PLAN
Management Services
PARTNER
CP&D, Public Services, Parks
FUNDING
METRICS
$$$
# of hybrids; gas $$ saved
$$$$
Complete 2+ miles annually.
$$$$
Complete 2+ miles annually.
imagine kalamazoo 2025
IK at WORK
SC
Safe Community
Creating a safe environment for living, working, and playing.
Evaluate built environment policies and practices that affect public health, separate the City through infrastructure barriers, and affect the safety of pedestrians and bicyclists. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
Health outcome measures: key diseases that are affected by the conditions in which we live, including the rates of asthma, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, as well as other health outcomes such as obesity.
YWCA, Kalamazoo CP&D/SPK County Health
TIMELINE
FUNDING METRICS
Long Term $$
Tracking data for resident outcomes; create baseline; Equity Map
Determine the physical barriers that separate neighborhoods and mitigate them to the CP&D greatest extent possible.
Public Services
Long Term $$$$
Safety, reduction in crashes. Walkability improvements
Make streets with high traffic volume safer for Public crossing. Services
CP&D
2018
Staff Time
Adopt Complete Streets; Guide
Make railroad crossings safer for pedestrians and bicyclists; see NACTO for bicycle best practices.
Public Services
CP&D
2018
Staff Time
Work with RR and adopt NACTO
Improve lighting conditions along streets, at bus stops, parks, and near Nodes.
Public Services
CCTA, CP&D 2018/20
$$
Work with Neighborhoods
Create Downtown Ambassador program to help employees, residents of the City, and visitors. ACTION
FUNDING
METRICS
DKI/ DDA
DKRRA, 2019 Discover Kzoo
$$$
# of hired, surveys of residents, visitors
Help homeless and other people in need find DKI/ DDA services, resources, and assistance.
DKRRA, 2019 Discover Kzoo
Staff Time
Downtown employees that give directions, information about events, guide people to places to eat, an umbrella escort when itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s raining or to parking ramp.
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
147 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
IK at WORK
Invest in Parks & Recreation for park improvements, youth development, and fresh food access. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING METRICS
Expand the Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market to reach more people; providing parking, more vendors, indoor facilities, bicycle amenities, and activity space.
Parks
CP&D
2019
Support redevelopment of the Youth Development Center at Upjohn Park to provide expanded youth programming.
Parks
SPK, KDPS
2019/2020 $$$
$$$
New infrastructure; # of vendors; people served New/Renovated building; # of youth served
Address homelessness with partners and providers to provide safe environments for individuals and families; engage wrap around services for recovery and mental health support. ACTION
LEAD
Provide crisis housing with financial assistance and wrap around supportive services needed by program participants to quickly move into permanent housing.
CP&D LISC, HRI, (SPK/HUD) KCMH
Lower Barriers. Process does not screen people out for assistance because of perceived barriers to housing or services, including, but not limited to, lack of employment or income, drug or alcohol use, or having a criminal record; and accommodate people with partners, pets, or possessions. Create a Person-Centered process that incorporates participant choice, provide or connect participants to resources that help them improve their safety and well-being and achieve their goals.
CP&D All Service (SPK/HUD) Providers
SPK/HUD
Prevention strategies for discharge into street. Incorporate state mandated policies and protocols that ensure persons are not routinely SPK discharged into homelessness from publicly funded institutions or systems of care.
148 MASTER PLAN
PARTNER
All Service Providers
KDPS; All Service Providers
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
2018
$$$
SPK goals/ actions
$ - Staff Time
SPK goals and actions/ HUD Consolidated Update
$ - Staff Time
SPK goals and actions/ HUD Consolidated Update
$ - Staff Time
SPK goals and actions/ HUD Consolidated Update
2018
2018
2018/19
imagine kalamazoo 2025
IK at WORK
Ensure that the Kalamazoo Public Safety Department is a â&#x20AC;&#x153;go-toâ&#x20AC;? community asset that is well-trained, equipped, accountable, transparent, and respected. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
$$
Facility evaluation, # of youth engaged
Invest in building and maintaining community trust through youth development KDPS programming, integrating stations into neighborhoods, and building staff capacity.
Parks, SPK, Long Term Neighborhoods
Invest in crime prevention and reduction through community engagement, officer training, and internal process review.
KDPS
Parks, CP&D, SPK
2018-25025
$$
Annual events, training, 360 surveys
Build staff capacity to impact the community through code enforcement assistance and blight reduction in targeted areas to improve quality of life.
KDPS
CP&D
2018-2025
$$
Blight Elim. Strategy Targets
$$
Population changes, property evaluation, call volumes, blight analysis, and demolitions.
$$
Call volumes, staffing, response times
$$$$
Identify properties in growth areas Nodes and Downtown
$$
Data: Code Enforcement, Blight Removal; Property assessment
Ensure prompt response to calls for service across the city through data analysis.
KDPS
IT, CP&D
Evaluate station locations every 5 yrs
Consolidated Dispatch investment for technology, training, staffing, and implementation.
KCCDA
KDPS, Portage, Kalamazoo County, WMU
2019
Invest in building rehabilitation and funding for elevators, fire suppression, and mechanical upgrades. Partner with developers and property owners for education, risk assessment, and grant funding.
Build staff capacity to reduce residential fire injury and property damage through risk reduction programming.
CP&D, KDPS
KDPS
ED, DKI
CP&D
2018/19
2018/19
149 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
IK at WORK
SP
Shared Prosperity
Abundant opportunities for all people to prosper.
Create a plan for shared prosperity that reaches qualitative and quantitative targets to build wealth and justice while impacting youth, jobs, and families. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Provide data to service providers to better support families.
SPK
United Way, 2019 YWCA
$$
Track services provided, population, zip code data, health outcomes
Explore universal childcare, free childcare, prenatal care, and newborn care programs.
SPK
YWCA,
2019
$$$
# of providers, gap in services
Senior Services
2019/20
$$
Housing Strategy Data
SPK
ED, Upjohn, MI Works
2019/20
$$
Job type analysis; gaps
SPK
United Way, YWCA, Kyd Net, Parks & 2020/21 Rec, KDPS, Promise
$$
Graduation rates, Youth employment, programs, gaps, service #â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s
Create career exploration options for teens.
SPK
United Way, YWCA, Kyd Net, Parks & 2020 Rec, KDPS, Promise
$
Programs existing; Programs created, # served, # employed
Establish a regular communication channel between the city, Kalamazoo Public School District and private schools to coordinate initiatives and leverage resources (such as use outside of school hours for public events and recreational opportunities)
SPK
KPS, Parks, KDPS
2018
Staff Time
Programs existing; Programs created,
Incorporate goals from the 2025 Master Plan into the Shared Prosperity Plan.
CP&D
SPK, Parks, KDPS
2018
Staff Time
Adopted updates
Evaluate senior housing needs and access to services and resources. Provide data to support programs that support adult job training. Provide data that helps frame youth support services, including: homelessness, driversâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; education, Promise support, after-school and summer programs, mentoring, and community centers with cradle-to-careers services.
150 MASTER PLAN
imagine kalamazoo 2025
IK at WORK
Explore the eco-system of education and training programs that support adults re-entering the workforce, changing careers, and acquiring new skills. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Invest in soft skills training, GED programs, service learning, and technical skills.
SPK
ED, Momentum
2019
$$
Partnerships Created
Promote and support programs that aid individuals returning from prison in reentering the workforce.
SPK
ED
2019
$$
Partnerships Created
Review policies, planning practices, and systems that create disadvantages for residents. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
Review policies that reverse the racial and economic segregation of housing in lending institutions, government organizations, and the construction industry.
SPK/CP&D
ED, Service providers
2019
Staff Time -$
Amended, revised policies
2018
Staff Time -$
Adopted Public Participation Plan; # of attendees, new partners, new venues, survey residents
2018
$$
# of families served, new partners
Create a public participation plan that goes to the greatest extent possible to include all Kalamazoo residents in planning decisions; continuous process improvements and evaluations.
CP&D
Offer training to help families build generational wealth
SPK/ CP&D ED
All Departments; WMU, City residents
151 imagine kalamazoo 2025
MASTER PLAN
IK at WORK
YD
Youth Development
A city with places and supports that help young people thrive.
Invest in and support the youth in Kalamazoo. ACTION
LEAD
PARTNER
Parks
KDPS, CP&D, Youth Orgs
Utilize neighborhood centers and schools for youth programming throughout the year; KPS Youth services after school and late hours in the summer.
Parks, KDPS, Youth Orgs; Freedom in Schools
Expand summer offerings for teens; Maker Faire, talent shows, gatherings that bring different high schools together (public and private)
Parks
ED, Youth Orgs, KPS
Analyze data for homeless youth; location of facilities, partnerships, and access.
SPK
CP&D, LISC, Open Doors, Homeless Shelters
Create multi-generational programming to mentor and build relationships in the community.
Parks, SPK
Create many activities and places to engage our youth throughout the City.
Support and expand the “All Things Possible Program”
Parks
KDPS, SPK
TIMELINE
FUNDING
METRICS
2018
$$
# of youth attending camps, events, and programs
2018/19
$$
# of schools participating;
$$
# of youth attending camps, events, and programs
2019/20
$$
# of youth homeless 2018; assisted/gaps data
2019/20
$ - Staff Time
2019/20
2018
$$
Consider City facilities (new or rehabilitated) to incorporate youth programming; City Depts playgrounds, computer centers, tutoring, and places to study.
Neighborhoods Long Term $$
Capacity for helping connect youth with entrepreneur opportunities.
Youth Orgs
152 MASTER PLAN
ED
2019
# of youth attending camps, events, and programs
$ - Staff Time
imagine kalamazoo 2025