j ou r na l
msd semester
studio
C
2020
Arch ite c tu re of t he D e at h
k a l l i opi p at ro s
1066954
1 Site Analysis
Mosques
3km
6km
10km
Churches
Synagogue
Kew Cemetery 80,000 - 31 hectares
9.6
km
Parkville Cemetery 300,000 - 43 hectares
6.7
km
9.0 km St Kilda Cemetery 53,000 - 7 hectares
Memorials Memorial Gardens
Funeral Homes
1 Precedent Studies / Site Analysis With Beatrice Whitworth
1900
B L U E S T O N E Q UA R RY
Site Context
D R E D G I N G C L AW
MINING FOR BLUESTONE IN RICHMOND
Site History Research: Herring Island was a bluestone quarry turned man made island
1800 BUSH LAND
1931 F L O O D I N G O F T H E Q UA R RY A N D C R E AT I O N O F C O M O I S L A N D
1964 F R E E WA Y B U I L T A N D N A M E CHANGE TO HERRING ISLAND
ARRIVE
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START 3.
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Site Context
LEAVE
History • Workers cut a channel through the Richmond Bluestone Quarry to stop the Yarra River flooding houses and industrial downstream • 1950’s Boys scout built hall and in 1970 the scouts moved out • 1980 friends of herring island established (tree planting) • Manmade • ‘Como’ Island formed 1928
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F O L L O W T H E PAT H Site • • • • • •
Artificial Island (relate to history) Noise from highway and surrounding roads and relationships to surrounding paths (Yarra Train) etc 3.2 Hectares Water levels of site? 11-5pm opening hours of site Facilities: BBQ, bins, art gallery, sculpture park and picnic areas
Zeal
800
Zeal
800
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Zeal 800
Zeal 800
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Site Transformation Parti Diagram
1. EXISTING ART GALLERY 2. TANDERRUM (1997) BY ELLEN JOSE 3. SCALED STEM (1999) BY ROBERT BRIDGEWATER 4. FALLING FENCE (2001) BY JOHN GOLLINGS AND SAMANTHA SLICER 5. BOAT JETTY 6. STEERAGE (1997) BY JILL PECK 7. STONE HOUSE(1997) BY ANDY GOLDSWORTHY 8. CAIRN (1997) BY ANDY GOLDSWORTHY 9. OPEN FEILD 10. AUDIENCE (1997) BY JULIE COLLINS 11. FERRY JETTY 12. FERRY
HERRING ISLAND SITE PLAN 1:1000
Cremation Room / Oven
Hearse Route
Waiting Room Mortuary
Visitors Route
Farewell Service Viewing / Wake Coffin Entrance/ Path
Relatives Route Entry Coffin Route
01 B au ms chu l e nwe g Location: Berlin, Germany Architect: Shultes Frank Architeckten Year: 1998 Area: 9339.2 m² Yearly Cremations: 10,130 Cremation Ovens: 6 1:10,000
cremator ium
Up / Down - Lift
Cremation Room / Oven
Hearse Route
Waiting Room Mortuary
Visitors Route
Farewell Service Viewing / Wake
Coffin Route
Installation
Coffin Entrance/ Path
02 Sko g sljus
1:10,000
Location: Gavle, Sweden Architect: ELLT arkitektkontor Year: 1960 - 1965 Area: 1840m² Yearly Cremations: 1,506 Cremation Ovens: 2
cremator ium
Entry
Cremation Room / Oven
Visitors Route
Waiting Room Mortuary / Witnessing
Entry
03 Z org v l i e d C re m ator i on Location: Amsterdam, The Netherlands Architect: Group A Year: 2016 Area: 250 m² Yearly Cremations: 463 Cremation Ovens: 1 1:10,000
cremator ium
Urn Store
Visitors Route Entry
1.5m 3m
01 Br ud er K l aus Field C hap el Location: Mechernich, Germany Architect: Peter Zumthor Year: 2007 Area: 50 m² approx. Occupancy: 4 at a time
temple
0m
Store Room
Visitors Route
Open Hall / Chamber
Entry
Sanctuary / Vestible for Offering/ Rituals
T he Gre at Te mpl e at Abu Si mb el Location: Aswan Governorate, Egypt Architect: Ramesses II Year: 1264 BC (20 years to build) Area: 800m² approx. Occupancy: Unknown
temple
02
Sanctuary / Vestible for Offering/ Rituals
Visitors Route Entry
Open Hall / Chamber
Ryo an - j i, T he Te mpl e of t he D r agon at Pe a c e Location: Kyoto, Japan Architect: Founder; Hosokawa Katsumoto Year: 1450 Area: Garden 248m². Occupancy: Unknown
temple
03
Grave Site
Circulation Entry
01 T he Wo o d l and C e me te r y Location: Stockholm, Sweden Architect: Erik Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz Year: 1935 Area: 3000.0 m² Total Burials: 100,000+
cemeter y
Sanctuary
Grave Site Sanctuary
Circulation Entry
02 C astel S an Gi m i g nano Location: San Gimignano, Italy Architect: MICROSCAPE architecture urban design AA Area: 600 m² Total Burials: Unknown
cemeter y
Other
Grave Site Circulation
03 Tit l e Location: San Stefano Al Mare, Italy Architects: Aldo Amoretti , Marco Calvi, Giancarlo Ranalli Area: 850m² Total Burials: 230 approx.
cemeter y
Entry
3a
Topographic Exploration 01
Model Photos
Space 1: Steep angles on both walls cut back underground deeply
Ramp / Path connecting each space
Space 2: Shallow angle cut back into topography
Plan @ 1:100 A3
Personal Thoughts; I found this task to be quite difficult because of the nature of the angled topography seen in the section below. It was very difficult for me to wrap my head around how to cut the cardboard in order to create the angled slope (on the left) ‘underground’. I was able to create the final model by modelling it in Rhino and making a test model to really get an understanding. Although the topography seemed easy with a consistent incline from 1 to 25, a path and a simple cube like cut out - it was very confusing with the angles. In the end, I found this task to be really helpful in understanding topography as i’ve never explored topography before.
Section @ 1:100 A3
Model Photos Model Photos
Space 1
Ramp / Path connecting each space
Space 2
Plan @ 1:100 A3
Section @ 1:100 A3
3b Topographic Exploration 02
Model Photos
Plan @ 1:100 A3
4 Schematic Proposal with Samuel Murnane
• • • •
Possumns Lizards and snakes Micro bats Grey headed flying foxes at night
lO
ll we re
Pro c e s s i on a l
sation ani rg
Spatia
Vi e w i ng / B o dy L ayout
Fa
ell arew nF
Buria l
Crem ati o
Plants • River gum reds • Silver wattle • Manna gun • Southern mahogany • Wallaby • Jpear grass Birds (Land and water) • Journey to Island • Honeyeaters • Willie wagtails • Cormorants • Kookaburras • Magpies • Wattle birds
Ent r y
C e re m ony
C e re m ony
Wait ing
Wit nessing
Brief Development / Info
Cemeteries in Melbourne • Parkville @ College Crescent 1853 – First cemetery as a public park in Vic by architect Albert Purchas 300,000 burials to date in that cemetery over 43 hectares • St Kilda Cemetery 1851 – by architect HB Foot Oldest suburban cemetery in Melb 53,000 burials over 7 hectares • Typical Components of a traditional cemetery burial: 1. Visitation / Viewing 2. Formal Services Religious or not 3. Commute to gravesite Crematoriums in Melbourne • According to the AFDA 2 in every 3 Australians prefer cremation over burials. That’s 66% • 1 out of 5 prefer burials about 20% • Coffins are cremated with the deceased • Cremations are forbidden by: Islam, Jews and most orthodox faiths • Cremations are accepted by: Athiests, Hindu, Bhuddist and Sinkh faiths • Some crematoriums store peoples ashes for months • There are 5 in Melbourne: Springvale, Altona, Fawkner, Bunrong and Lilydale.
THE CREMATOIRUM • 3-4 ovens • Heavily connected to the process and spatial organization
C eremony
C re m at C re i on m at i on
Bu r i a lBu r i a l Mor tu ar y
Cremat ion/ Te chnic a l C e re m ony
C e re m ony
Of f ice/St af f
Store
C eremony D e s i g n at i on of As h e s
G at h e r i ng
Sp
a ati
ganisation l Or
Underlying Themes
E nt r y
Secular/ Non religious Crematorium only with x3 furnaces - Heavily connected to the process and spatial organization Cemetery and 2 temples Wait i ng
Momento Mori Art form commemorating death. Translating to ‘remeber death’ or ‘remeber that you must die’ Thinking about mortality Absence of life – void. The state of non-being
Wit n e ss i ng
C e re m ony
Mirror Mirrored surfaced & Water as reflection Facing / Mirrored spaces Mirriring spaces between the dead and living Mirror acting as a ‘God’ that’s all seeing Matrix of the symbolic
Mor tu ar y
C re m at i on / Te ch n i c a l
Cinema
O f f i c e / St af f Store
Based on cinematic art narrative stucture implying the narration of lives that have lived across the island The narrative of life & death - life to earh and it takes back life Sequence of moving through time, space and a journey
Contraction & Release C e re m ony
Further Inspiration
Hiroshi Sujimoto
Further Inspiration
Forced Perspective Garden
Conceptual Development
Concept of the “Mirror” 1950’s film ‘Orpheus’ by Jean Cocteau, explores the protagonist, Orphee and his relationship with death after the death of his wife. He finds a correlation between her and a mirror which he uses to eneter an ‘underworld’ or ‘otherworld’.
Momento Mor i
This idea of the ‘otherworld’ and moving through Mirror and reflection is an important underlying theme in our project.
“R emeb er D e at h” “R ememb er t hat you must die”
Sketches / Development
CHAPEL
COLUMBARIUM
CREMATORIUM
Structures to be separate buildings spread accross Island in order to enhance and reiterate the idea of ‘solitude’ within the movement throughout.
Model Photos
Opening/Void Exploration Initial geometric exploration from precedent inspiration. Taking the concept of mirroring and the blocked geometries and how they coincide to create forms. Light and shadow studies are additionally done to explore the initial entry for the crematorium as it’s important for the journey. The emphasis of something ‘greater’, ‘beyond’ or what you can’t see/where you can’t go is what must be translated architecturally.
Preliminary Form Studies
Model Photos
Crematorium Development
Entrance - The Staircase- The Path Development of the entrance stair to evoke the beginning of an emotionally and ritually driven journey through the crematorium. The size, depth, direction and path of the stair has a dierent impact. Exploration of the stairs direction underground to create a symbolic gesture was developed to emphasise solitude. The progression of the processional stair coming to a narrow point or the opposite way? The impact of this in plan will dictate the initial reaction and actions of the users.
Chapel Development
Columbarium Exploration
Circular plan could be too literal to express life/death cycle. Circulation is perhaps too labrynth like.
Plan / Circulation Exploration
Columbarium Development
Columbarium Development
The notion of repetitive elements and reecting forms to create a ‘matrix’ of the symbolic. This concept was considered both for the chapel and columbarium. However, the complexity of the never ending doors felt too overpwering for a contemplatitive space.
Form Explortaion - Columbarium
Mirroring Geometries study for Columbarium. Openings and entrances dictactated by geometric orientation, ipping, rotation and mirroring. How can this be translated into a symbolic movement for users.
Model Photos
PROPOSED: Crematorium location toward the Yarra Trail
CREMATORIUM
Schematic Proposal Site Plan
TEMPLE
PROPOSED: Temple location closest to the Cafe and car park as the noise impact of the site is low
PROPOSED: Cemetery location TEMPLE
‘Mirror’ Organisation Paths
Water “I always adhered to the idea that God is time , or at least that His spirit is... In any case, I always thought that if the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the water, the water was bound to reflect it. Hence my sentiment for water, for its folds, wrinkles. and ripples, and - as I am a Northerner - for its grayness.
I simply think that water is the image of time , and every New Year’s Eve, in somewhat pagan fashion, I try to find myself near water, preferably near a sea or an ocean, to watch the emergence of a new helping, a new cupful of time from it.” -Joseph Brodsky-
Mirror Schematic Development
As an all seeing ‘God’ or being omnipresence
‘Heavy’ and ‘Slow’ Architecture translating into silence and presence Slow space
Crematorium Basement Floor Plan
Reflection Pond / Waiting
Mirrored paths
Visitors
Viewing / Wake
Staff
Circulation Route Entry/Path
Crematorium Ground Floor Plan
Water Visitors Staff Circulation Route Entry/Path
Crematorium Concept 1
Crematorium location toward the Yarra Trail
Viewing / Wake
Reflection Pond / Waiting
Basement Floor Plan 1:500 Circulation Route Entry/Path
Ground Floor / Site Plan Long Section 1:500
Short Section 1:500
Crematorium Concept 2 Crematorium location toward the Yarra Trail
Schematic Crematorium Plan GF 1:250 @ A3
Gathering Room Cremation Room / Oven Farewell Service Viewing / Wake Entry
Crematorium Concept 2
Long Section 1:500
Short Section 1:500
Schematic Perspectives
Crematorium
Sketches / Development
Basement sketch development. How the ritual process will inform the organisation of the crematorium is important in portraying the symbolism of ‘mirrors’.
Sketches / Development
Sketches / Development
Basement Plan Mortuary - How do bodies enter from basement level? Circulation must work to enhance meaningful user journey and practical use for sta.
Reection pool - Can users walk through water or observe from a distance?
Sketches / Development
Floor Plan organisation / circulation
Sketches / Development
Ground Floor Development
Exploration of visitirs journey/path through upper oor into ceremony rooms.
Form Development
Sketches / Development
River side Elevation
Building Front
Sketches / Development
Ground Floor Plan Development
Ground Floor Plan Development
Basement plan must correspond with ground oor in order for sta to have best circlation and use of building.
Mid Semester
Presentation
Mi r ror ref le c t i ngg worlds
C ont r a c t i on | R el e as e
Cu r ate d L i n e ar it y
c r e mator ium
of t he e ar t h
templl e
Momento Mor i
sdlrow gnitcel fer “I
“R e m e b e r D e at h” “R e m e mb e r t hat you mus t d i e”
a lw ay s a d h e re d to t he i d e a t hat G o d i s
t i me , or at l e a s t t hat His s pi r it i s . . . In any c a s e, I a lw ay s t hou g ht t hat i f t he Spi r it of G o d m ove d up on t he f a c e of t he w ate r, t he w ate r w a s b ou n d to re f l e c t it . He n c e my s e nt i m e nt for w ate r, for it s fol d s , w r i n k l e s . and r ippl e s , and - a s I am a Nor t h e r ne r - for it s g r ay n e s s . I s i mply t h i n k t hat w ate r i s t he i m a ge of t i m e, and e ve r y Ne w Ye ar’s Eve, i n s om e w hat p a g an f a s h i on , I t r y to f i n d my s el f n e ar w ate r, pre fe r ably n e ar a s e a or an o c e an , to w atch t he e m e rge n c e of a n e w h e lpi ng , a n e w c upf u l of t i me f rom it .” - Jo s e ph Bro ds k y -
c o lumb ar ium
Wate r
Weeks 6-12 Development
Circulation Exploration
Exploration of entrance path ways into basement. Trying to maintain a sense of linearity, yet be DDA compliant between a 3000mm HT dierence.
Crematorium ‘mirror’
Looking at orientation
Exploration of the concept of ‘mirrored’ spaces in the crematorium for the gathering halls. One large and one smaller in scale to maintain the same conceptual organisation of space/ journey.
Looking at mirroring space
Crematorium Sketches
Exploration of entry pointsfrom the island into the building. Having two distinct entry/ exit points and potential relationship with water pond.
Exploration of two distinct pathways. Coffin route vs guest path and the transitional spaces they share. Possibility of internal reflection pond which you cant see upon entry in the centre. Two private viewing rooms with courtyards. This poses issues between guests seeing the coffin being taken into the rooms/ in public circulation space.
Crematorium Sketches
Looking at the ideas of mirroring spaces / paths
Exploring ways to make accessible experience the same as experience for general visitors. This however creates very lengthly spaces.
Crematorium Sketches
Crematorium Sketches
Basement level. Unsure about having viewing rooms below ground and this extremely long corridor of empty space below ground could be isolating.
Hidden viewing rooms from outside? Central corridor axis is skewed in perspective as you walk in.
Crematorium Sketches
Exploring the relationship to water and walking through space. L shapred corridor to shorten the length of the building.
Crematorium Esquisse
Development of crematorium plan. This scheme did not get far into development as we felt the building was becoming unecessarily oversized with dead space
Crematorium Esquisse
Esquisse for crematorium using the key concepts from mid semester. Breaking the linearity by exploring curved geometry and developing how that can/can’t transform the user journye throughout. Sketch: Ideation of entry from ground to basement level.
Plan Development
Further investigation into linearity of building and the organisation of spaces. These are intentionally placed around the circulation spaces to emphasise the two paths representing ‘living’ and ‘deceased’.
Crematorium Esquisse
Esquisse for crematorium using the key concepts from mid semester. Breaking the linearity by exploring curved geometry and developing how that can/can’t transform the user journye throughout. Sketch: Ideation of entry from ground to basement level. 3D views of the paths up to the ceremony spaces with refelction pond separaing the two distinct pathways.
Mid sem columbarium proposal.
During week 7 our group decided to swap tasks. Previously, my primary focus was the crematorium. The following few weeks I began designing and developing the columbarium.
Columbarium Development
Columbarium plan development. Developing our ideas through a new scheme. Highlighting linearity and circulation.
Columbarium Development
Trialing circulation pathways and movement throughout. Does a linear and direct path correlate with our core ideas? Broken walls in the centre could provide opportunity for meandering.
Columbarium exploration amid topography and distinct paths. Taking the same concept from the crematorium and applying it to the columbarium, the linear path is distinct. This however, seems to go against our primary design ideas. The central linear path with mirroring spaces goes back to the initial concept of ‘the mirror’.
Columbarium Development
Model Photos
Model Photos
Columbarium Development
Building on the previous plan, taking two axis which form a crossing gesture. This layout allows for double the amount of niches. However, it fails to grasp the idea of ‘what you can’t see’. Needs further topographical relations rather than cutting into the topography. On the south end holds a water pond and ash distribution landing.
3D Views incoporating model exploration and current scheme
3D Views incoporating model exploration and current scheme
Columbarium Development
The columbarium came down to two main schemes. Development proceeded with Scheme 3.
SCHEME 3
Columbarium Sketches
Angled wall exploration
Model Photos
Entrance perspectives/ false perspectives of walls/ thresholds.
Model Photos
Model Photos Entrance perspectives/ false perspectives of walls/ thresholds. Taking elements and reassembling them to create mirroring geometries for columbarium.
Crematorium
Swapping back to crematorium development. Exploring key views from ceremony hall and the island. Ceremony Hall
Crematorium
External view of ceremony hall and relationship to topography
Crematorium Basement
Final scheme for crematorium development
Crematorium Ground
Final scheme ground oor development with central courtyard
Crematorium Ground
Further development of ďŹ nal scheme. Trying to incorporate the same langauge into the crematorium as the columbarium.
Crematorium Ground
Final scheme ground oor development with central courtyard
Crematorium Ground
Weekly development of ďŹ nal scheme
Crematorium Basement
Crematorium Basement
CrematoriumGround
Sketches
Sketches of sloped roof garden landing
Sketches
Sketches
Sketches
Temple Sketching
Final Submission