tales of three cities
M MAAPPPPIINNGG TTHHEE TTOOW WNNSSCCAAPPEE
A GROUP EFFORT BY
Chee Jia Xin Chifundo Sapuwa Eric Lo Yann Shin Kalvin Bong Jia Ying Kang Zi Shan Kennett Lim Roong Xiang Lee Shi Yin Tan Wei Sen Ting Xiao Yao Tutor Dr. Sucharita Srirangam
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE // AMSTERDAM & SINGAPORE Theorization of Amsterdam • 07 Theorization of Singapore • 08
CHAPTER TWO // FIGURE GROUND ANALYSIS Location Plan • 10 Key Plan • 11 Master Plan • 12 Site Plan • 13 Morphology • 14 Figure Ground • 15 Solid & Void • 16 Building Typology • 17 Typology of In-Between Spaces • 18 Grid System • 19 Scale • 20 Urban Green • 21 Land Use Distribution • 22 Nodes • 23 Hotspots of Public Domain • 24 Hotspots of Private Domain • 25
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CONTENTS
Movement Pattern Movement Pattern Pedestrian Bridge Bicycle Lane • 29 Traffic Conditions
(Vehicular) • 26 (Pedestrian) • 27 • 28 • 30
CHAPTER THREE // CITY OF CLARITY Experience Diversity to Monumentality • 33 Urban Scale & Intimate Scale • 34 Continuity & Disruption • 35 Repetition • 36 Transitional Function • 37 Wider to Narrower Street • 38 Inclusive to Exclusive • 39 Dualism through Approach • 40 Rigid to Flexible • 41 Serial Serial Serial Serial
Vision Vision 1: Order • 42 Vision 2: Consistent • 48 Vision 3: Diversified • 53
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER FOUR // COLLAGE CITY Low Rise & High Rise • 59 Shaded Trees • 60 Walkable Pathway • 61 Zebra Crossing • 62 People • 63 Path • 64 Activity • 65 Landmark • 66 Circulation • 67 Summary • 68
CHAPTER FIVE // MAPPING THE TOWNSCAPE Dimensions • 70 Comparison of Three Cities • 71
CHAPTER SIX // TALES OF WISHES Tales of Wishes • 73
CHAPTER SEVEN // CONCLUSION The Projective City • 78
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chapter one amsterdam and singapore
Theorizing the City Study on theorization of the two cities: Borneo Sporenburg in Amsterdam and Orchard Road in Singapore
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theorization of amsterdam borneo-sporenburg ARCHITECTS' CONCEPT
FORM
FUNCTION
CIRCULATION
Engaging Context
Building Along The Edge
Functional Zoning
Framing Views Of Ocean
Breaking Uniformity
Facade Variation
Spatial Transition
Break Of Pattern
Street Identity
Building Geometry
Focal Point
Alternative Flow
Sustainable Transportation
Linear Unobstructed Pathway
Bike Park
Continuous Movement
Conserving Tradition and Culture
Inheritance
Adaptive Reuse
Social Integration
Central Node
Spatial Integrity Through Public Facilities
Individuality and Collectivity
Break Of Horizontal Continuity
Neighborhood Connectivity
Create Livability
Avoid Space
Diverse Zoning
Transitional Movement
Future Considerations
Modularity
Flexibility in Spatial Usage
Prolonged Cycle
Water Transportation Solid Flow
One Direction
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theorization of singapore orchard road ARCHITECTS' CONCEPT
FORM
FUNCTION
CIRCULATION
Transparency
Transparent glass facade enhance its visual quality.
Enhance visual interaction between inside & outside.
Transparency enhance visual interest and attract visitor enter the mall.
Pedestrian Engagement
Building setback creating space for the pedestrian activity.
Building setback creates layering for different pedestrian activity.
Wide walkways making ease of pedestrian movement.
Street Integrated Mall
Connecting the interior spatial experience and the streets.
Bringing in outdoor street activities to the interior space.
Make ease of in and out movement, creating different level experience.
Branding
Glass facade and Steel structure as identity of global retailing position.
Modern looking design encourage a series of luxurious activity.
Iconic design create nodes which the pedestrian stop and gather.
Engaging Facade Articulation
Different visually engaging facade attract visitor to the mall.
Create visual interest to the visitor.
Create nodes which allow activities happen underneath.
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chapter two figure ground analysis
Figure Ground Land Use Movement Pattern
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location plan
South China Sea
KUALA LUMPUR
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key plan
KUALA LUMPUR
TRANSFORMATION Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, transformed from a humble beginning to a bustling metropolis today. Bustling with life and teeming with energy, KL is today considered one of South East Asia’s strongest economic forces. Characterized by multiculturalism and rich history, KL is often known as City of Lights, making it a fascinating destination.
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master plan
KUALA LUMPUR KLCC
CONVERGENCE Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC) is a multipurpose development area in Kuala Lumpur where it comprises of mainly luxury shopping malls, hotels, office towers, and residential buildings all connected by a series of transport network. Designed to be a city within a city, part of the KLCC land houses the tallest twin buildings in the world.
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ROUTE 01 / JALAN RAJA CHULAN 02 / JALAN KIA PENG 03 / JALAN PINANG
site plan
03 KUALA LUMPUR KLCC
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01
TRANSITION Beginning with the border between KLCC and Bukit Bintang district - Jalan Raja Chulan, then to Jalan Kia Peng which is partially covered by an overhead bridge that links different key areas, and finally Jalan Pinang - closest relation to the twin towers. These three sections of streets lie within the heart of bustling Golden Triangle, connecting the South and North side of KLCC area.
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morphology
1895 1960 2000 2018 A MUDDY CONFLUENCE • Small town with scattered villages in the surrounding • British colonial influenced the built environment • Shophouse typology: trading + residential • Muddy path in between buildings
A CAPITAL CITY TAKES SHAPE
THE HEARTBEAT OF A NATION
GREATER KL
• Architecture for national identity
• City merges into metropolis
• Mega developments
• Residential areas start moving to the periphery
• Development mainly takes place around KLCC
• City center broken into hubs and nodes
• City center starts shifting to Bukit Bintang
• Well-planned road and path network
• Well-developed transportation network
• Substitute something more solid: tar road
• Affordability moves people further out
• In-between spaces become narrower
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figure ground
CORRELATE The figure ground study reveals the degree of contrast between the large building footprints at the North side and mostly small building footprints at the South side. At the North, Twin Towers stand for the nation pride as a landmark in term of its scale whereas at the South sits different buildings which serve for specific functions.
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solid & void
CONTENT AND COMPACT From the study of solid and void, solids are represented by the built form whereas voids are presented by the negative spaces of the area, it is unbuilt and open to the public. Voids provide clearer and wider vision for people who travel to their destinations, as compared to solids, it is compact and crowded by the buildings.
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building typology
INDIVIDUALLY AND COLLECTIVELY Within a city, it requires proper zoning pattern in relation to the functions desired within the vicinity. The organization of building layout within the KLCC area is in a rather cluster planning. The collective small scaled office and hospitality buildings are highlighted as block form whereas the individual built functions highlighted as point form.
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typology of in-between spaces
UNORGANIZED CLUTTERED NETWORK The in-between spaces are formed by the discontinued pattern of built forms to create breathability within the terrace arrangement planning. The individual typologies are depicting porosity to circulate throughout. Most of these spaces are occupied for being as a service accessway, whilst being left bear to store as vehicles. Several typologies of the spaces consist of a vast flat concrete ground settled, a clump of built form creating the diffusal pattern inthrough-out, and a dead-end. Modular perimeter with potentials to create livability within the city.
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grid system
DEFORMED GRID Buildings are arranged in distorted grid. They are divided randomly by the streets and pathways into deformed grid system in which horizontal grid lines intersects with the vertical grid lines. These form a few junctions at the streets which cause traffic congestion easily.
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scale
BUILT FORM VARIES FUNCTION Scale of the buildings differs from North to South. The buildings of North and South part are mainly mixed-use development in big footprint scale. While the center part are in smaller scale as they cater specific functions and mostly arranged apart from each other.
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urban green
PERMEABILITY Breathability, sustainability, and integrating the essence of nature within the realm of urbanity. The conducive intervals placements along the linear stretch of the road from Jalan Raja Chulan to Jalan Pinang creating a sense of a transitional journey from the vast surrounding of concrete jungle. The patterns of greenery placements signify the approach of creating livability for future considerations through conserving these green patches.
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land use distribution
DIVERSITY The area of land use from Bukit Bintang area towards KLCC area are used sufficiently with mainly work and leisure purposes. The surrounding is bounded with areas which cater specific functions, such as shopping malls, hotels, restaurants, high rise offices, banks, residentials and open spaces.
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POINT 01 / PAVILION ENTRANCE 02 / PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE EXIT 03 / PEDESTRIAN CROSSING
nodes
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02
01
STOPPING POINT The exit from the pedestrian bridge to pavements forms a sense of a pause moment. A perceptual dimension into indicating pedestrians to proceed to their next journey. Nodes like the malls, are strategically placed as its’ mall entrance opens to the pavement and the street welcoming patrons.
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hotspots of public domain
SURIA KLCC
GRAND HYATT HOTEL
KLCC CONVENTION CENTRE
HAKKA RESTAURANT PAVILION MALL
INTEREST POINT A city needs urban nodes that fits the needs of desired points of interests for the people. Local area hotspots characters as a sense of converging points. Exits form the pedestrian bridges from Jalan Kia Peng to the Hakka Restaurant and the Grand Hyatt Hotel as a form of physical wayfinding and legibility of surrounding vicinity. Clear hotspots placed in relation to the linear axis of a path creating a sense of street identity.
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hotspots of private domain PRIVATE CAR PARK
ETIQA TOWER WISMA UOA
PAVILION RESIDENCE
SEGREGATED INTERESTS Secluded functions that work around within their confines and with self-sustaining programmes for the user groups of given function within a building. Residencies cater for the concept of homing individuals in the city, offices deal with corporate functions, private amenities intended for the public. Private sectors individually and collectively make up the cluster planning of the city.
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movement pattern (vehicular)
LINEAR LINKAGE The primary circulation pattern of Jalan Raja Chulan that networks Pavillion to KLCC by which it links to the secondary circulation pattern of Jalan Pinang and Jalan Kia Peng propagates in a single direction. The linear movement pattern that spans throughout the city at a clear single flow to the desired destination.
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movement pattern (pedestrian)
CONSIDERATE FOOT CIRCULATION There are clear pedestrian pathways along Jalan Raja Chulan to Jalan Pinang for securing pedestrian's safety. The road is paved with concrete tiles or bricks, along with some greenery planted alongside to provide shade and introduce some softscape with the relatively hardscape street. This form a more humanized and safety streetscape for pedestrians.
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pedestrian bridge
BRIDGING CONNECTION The pedestrian bridge provides a linear pedestrian movement, diversifying the accessibility between two buildings or spaces. This will ease the movement of pedestrian from a building to another building without using the vehicle road, hence increases connectivity and permeability.
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bicycle lane
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION The bicycle lane helps to keep cyclists safe and provide an alternative way of travel within the city, cutting congestion and reducing pollution. It also improves safety for vehicles making right turns. Bicycle lanes add to the turning radius at driveways and intersections, reducing the risk of rear-end crashes. However, riding a bike also helps people to keep physically fit, reduces stress and provide a variety of cognitive benefits.
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traffic conditions peak hour
NETWORK CONGESTION The traffic condition of the road are slightly different depending on the time, activities and fuctions of buildings around the area. During peak hour, there is congestion at major roads (Jalan Raja Chulan and Jalan Kia Peng) and the junctions compared to the sub-streets.
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traffic conditions non-peak hour
ISOLATED CONGESTION During non-peak hour, only the main road (Jalan Raja Chulan) will be having high density of vehicles due to the shopping mall (Pavillion) strategic location. Huge amount of visitors will enter and exit the car park through its openings which are all located along Jalan Raja Chulan.
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chapter three city of clarity
Experiential and Visual Aspect In relate with form, function and circulation
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DIVERSITY BUKIT BINTANG Built forms, landscape, streets, and infrastructures are available.
EXPERIENCE
diversity to monumentality
MONUMENTALITY KLCC Noticeable landmark everywhere.
IDENTITY (BUILT FORM OF LANDMARK) The built forms, landscape, streets, infrastructures diversify the quality of the urban realm function mainly as to cater the need of to circulate within and throughout the city. The generous ambiguity of built form and functions seemingly fills up the journey transitioning from Jalan Raja Chulan thoroughgoing until Jalan Pinang. The 6-lane streets converging to a 2-lane street signifies the narrowing the transition inwards to the heart of the city where the street is surrounded by a valley of built monumental forms. These unique and noticeable monuments of buildings clearly depict the landmark legibility of the city.
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URBAN SCALE JALAN RAJA CHULAN Sense of openness due to the absence of blocking views.
EXPERIENCE
urban scale & intimate scale
INTIMATE SCALE JALAN PINANG Pedestrian bridge that alters the perception of the scale.
ENCLOSURE (STREET) Beginning from the start of Jalan Raja Chulan, the sense of openness can be felt along the pathways as it’s distance to the overreaching height of built forms surrounding along the wide street of traffic moving and congesting constantly. Entering next, Jalan Kia Peng, the street introduces pedestrians circulating throughout with lush greeneries that canopy the walkway, and with more quiet, compact, and shorter rows of offices and condominiums along a 3-lane street slower traffic pace. Proceeding to Jalan Pinang where wide spread canopy of trees and towering built forms making one feel being intimidated with its size. The clear perception dimension of how the perceiving enclosureness of the wide street start of Jalan Raja Chulan, transitioned to a much narrow street of Jalan Pinang. 34
CONTINUITY JALAN KIA PENG The vehicles parked at the side allows continuity in the pedestrian circulation.
EXPERIENCE
continuity & disruption
DISRUPTION JALAN KIA PENG Sudden obstruction caused disruption along the walkways.
PATHWAY NETWORKS Clear pavements are readied on both sides of the pedestrian access. They evidently span the whole stretch of journey from Jalan Raja Chulan to Jalan Pinang. These walkways are to pedestrian to access it as a safe and convenient way to travel especially during peak hours whereby the roads will be congested with vehicles. The pedestrian walkways are well maintained along the way, and it creates a sense of continuity for the pedestrian without having to stop. However, the break of the walkway has to happen by the junctions when vehicle circulation needs to cross. In situation like this, the pedestrian experiences a sense of disruption causing them to change in speed or direction. Disruption also occur when the walkway becomes narrower, thus slowing down the pace of foot circulation movements. The clear consistent stretch of the pavements along with the disruption in-between is clearly depicted throughout the whole journey.
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JALAN KIA PENG Pattern concrete tiles paved along the street is repeated.
EXPERIENCE
repetition
JALAN PINANG Zebra crossings are repeated near the landmarks of the city to ease movement of pedestrians.
WALKABLE PATHWAYS The walkable pathways among the streets varies in different vantage, placements and functionality. Hence, one may experience a transition upon entering KLCC through Jalan Raja Chulan and Jalan Pinang. Patterned concrete tiles paved along Jalan Raja Chulan along with some trees planted alongside to provide shade and introduce some softscape as to juxtapose the hard street scape. This suggests a more humanised streetscape as compared to the congested highway. The zebra crossing marked to allow pedestrians to cross from one side of the road to the other. Hence, the location of placing the zebra crossing is very important. The use of zebra crossings also indicates the positions of the landmark buildings. This in turn shows the clarity of the road leading pedestrians to their designated building. Easing of the movement of pedestrian to reach their destination from the opposite of the road to another side of the road easily.
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WORK-BASED ACTIVITY JALAN KIA PENG White collars can be easily spotted around the office blocks area.
EXPERIENCE
transitional function
TOURIST-BASED ACTIVITY JALAN PINANG Towards the end of Jalan Pinang is the Twin Tower which serves as a tourist destination.
PROCEDURED FUNCTION Every city has its main function. The journey from Pavillion to KLCC has a clear transition of activities and also the people. Moving along the road from Jalan Raja Chulan into Jalan Kia Peng, most of office user group circulating the zebra crossing a pavements’ pathways. Programmes that surrounded these streets consists of mainly office buildings, restaurant, and parking amenities. During lunch time, office workers will use the pedestrian pathways to reach the restaurant. While during off-work peak hours, people circulating the pathway are mainly office workers as the pathway leads to public transport area such as a bus stop or metro parking. While turning into Jalan Pinang, tourists flock the vicinity as its landmarks are located by Jalan Pinang and surrounded by building functions that attracts people to this area. In essence, the sense of procedure activities can be seen throughout. The clarity of different people circulating the streets in relation to buildings’ function over time.
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WIDER JALAN RAJA CHULAN The width of street is wide to cater the huge amount of pedestrians.
EXPERIENCE
wider to narrower street
NARROWER JALAN PINANG Due to limited spaces at the KLCC center, the street is getting narrower.
NARROWING INTEREST Connectivity is the pulse of the city, the street circulation running through connects every streets and road throughout the whole city. Jalan Raja Chulan street consist a wide lane to cater the dense vehicular traffic movement pattern spanning throughout the vicinity. It generates the sense of being hectic, always on the move. Turning into the street of Jalan Kia Peng, a sense of slowing takes place. Although with a moderate width of the street, the circulation isn’t as dense as the main streets’. The streets’ previous 6-lane is then later reduced to a mere 3-lane circulation pattern progressing towards the vantage of Jalan Pinang. The one-way circulation of the 3-lane street of Jalan Pinang is placed in-between towering hotel and commerce buildings surrounding the street. Its is apparent as the street becomes narrower from the start from Jalan Raja Chulan to Jalan Pinang as the 6-lane street reduced to 3-lane street.
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INCLUSIVE BUKIT B INTANG Pavilion mall entrance located at Jalan Raja Chulan is open and welcoming.
EXPERIENCE
inclusive to exclusive
EXCLUSIVE JALAN KIA PENG Sense of distant felt in corporate-oriented zone due to the strict security of the building.
ACTIVITY Function is a vital category within a city. One may experience a transition from Pavilion mall to KLCC. Beginning by Jalan Raja Chulan, proper pathed walkways are by the edge of the clear programme shopping function of the built form of Pavillion bridging towards the centre of KLCC where the functions transitioned to a more corporate oriented zone. The transitional sensation of vibrancy to authority when oscillation between Pavillion to KLCC. The clear representation of change of function from commercial to corporate.
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IMMEDIATE APPROACH PAVILION The stairway with attractive lights give sense of warm and welcoming for users.
EXPERIENCE
dualism through approach
HUMBLE APPROACH SURIA KLCC The huge portion of glass gives transparency into the interior of the landmark, symbolizing its openness.
GRANDUER STATUS Functions within a city can be competitive as they are symmetrical yet contrasting. During the day the streets are rhythm with sparkles of warm luxurious pattern of light riddled along the street of Jalan Raja Chulan as Pavillion resents an attractive function of the area and street. Passing along through the humble and quiet pace of Jalan Kia Peng to another bustling luxurious street of Jalan Pinang, one is approached by the monumental built form of the KLCC towers as with its attractive function illuminated by the serene and mature lighting sparkling pattern of the grand towers. The clear duality whereby the welcome to the immediate approach of the luxurious function shopping gallery of Pavillion and humble approach of the luxurious landmark shopping gallery of Suria KLCC.
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RIGID JALAN RAJA CHULAN The confined feeling while walking on the pathway due to development at the site aside affecting the space.
EXPERIENCE
rigid to flexible
FLEXIBLE JALAN RAJA CHULAN The generosity of the vast pavements accompanied by built forms can be clearly seen.
DIVERSIFIED LINEARITY The linear pathway that links the streets all the way from Jalan Raja Chulan to KLCC is apparent throughout. Proceeding along the start of the journey, the confined feeling of not being able to manoeuvre left or right as the pavement is in between the main road of Jalan Raja Chulan and built form of the shopping gallery. Walking down to Jalan Kia Peng, the generosity of the vast pavements accompanied by built forms which compliments the street by having its faรงade-oriented facing to it as well as introduction zebra crossings to calmly access the other side of the road. The feel of being at tranquil can be felt for its slow-paced movement and comfortable width of the pavements. Continuing to Jalan Pinang, the diversity of different types of circulation is clear. Bicycle and foot crossings to the other side of the street, in relation to the narrow one-way street flow of Jalan Pinang. It is clear that the sense of confinement is spreaded apart from ones view transitioning from Jalan Raja Chulan to Jalan Pinang. 41
VISUAL
serial vision 1 order
05
04 03 02
01 VIEWING POINT
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ORDER
01 statement through vista
Development influences architecture; individual built forms is arranged clustery throughout the city. The high rise of these structures depicts the of how they are oriented and placed; having distance from one building to another and relation to the street running through it. These modular structures overlapping each other from a peripheral vista gives an impression of how they are harmonically organized.
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ORDER
02 humble setbacks
Building placements spaces out a considerable amount for the consideration for circulation. The road runs along parallel with the pathways, but perpendicular to built form orientations; facades of the forms faces the streets running along. The discipline setbacks of the buildings throughout the stretch gives relation towards the circulation.
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ORDER
03 solid to soft
Soft green swellings contrasts the solid concrete pattern of the city. These greens are planted by every corner, edges of built forms, and along walkways not only beautifying the place; but creating breathability, diversifying the order of built elements and nature. The essential balance of a city to integrate its notion with greeneries.
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ORDER
04 hierarchical order
Tremendous characters of the built forms reaching up for the sky collectively aroused from the streets to. The relation of buildings competing height to achieve fame and name. Creating a sense of local character and identity amongst the mix of buildings.
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ORDER
05 symmetry in built forms
The form of the building exchanges architypes by complimenting one another. Although serve different functions whereby the left serves as an executive office building, whereas the right a renown hotel. The building obvious mass clearly depicts how the form of a building can be deduced into any function - modularity. Even though similar, the texture of the building can contradict on another without the compromise of functionality, and creating a sort of tenon points with one another.
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VISUAL
serial vision 2 consistent
04
03 02
01 VIEWING POINT
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The programme of the building is clear. The whole stretch of Jalan Raja Chulan occupied with the a popular luxurious hotel and residency, as well as a shopping gallery: Pavillion Bukit Bintang. A sense of grandeur is interpreted through the whole street as it’s gold luminescence light welcomes a person to be indulged in luxury.
CONSISTENT
01 function for leisure
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CONSISTENT
02 forms
Verticality is repeated along the edges of the street. The ambiguity style of high rise buildings being a stretch up to the sky and providing similar functions; but not conflicting among another function of the same category. The sense of street identity can be justified by it narrow road with buildings setback closer to the road.
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CONSISTENT
03 frame of consistency
The picture tells the balance of elements that are consistent throughout. The high rise concretes as juxtapose to the greeneries, pedestrian and vehicular pathway as well as bicycle paths. All these elements are kept constant throughout the street of Jalan Pinang, where they co-relate with one another providing ease of movements and legibility whilst sustainability to the city thus creating livability.
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CONSISTENT
04 stretch of opportunities
The repetitive asymmetrical faรงade pattern of built form but with similar typologies repeated throughout. Looks and impression of a building differs; the primary function are kept similar to compliment zoning pattern of the city, commercial. Social integration plays an integral role of the city, the typology of the building having its lower level to cater the social activities to be carried out during different periods.
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VISUAL
serial vision 3 diversified
04 03 02 01
VIEWING POINT
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DIVERSIFIED
01 breaking continuity
Dedicated walking pathways are disrupted for the adjacent flow of vehicular circulation to cross over from the street and into the building. Exposing the threat to pedestrians utilizing the path by the edge of Pavilion shopping gallery from the impending vehicular traffic circulation. This creates an uncertainty feel of being always aware.
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DIVERSIFIED
02 contrasting tranquility
As do every typology with vehicles to cross over the walkway, the ambient of being residentialized can be felt throughout the street. The vast pavements with integrated greeneries rhythm along the whole stretch, walking along a secondary street that is not often circulating with vehicles.
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DIVERSIFIED
03 greenery disruption
Preserving nature - the natural sprouting of the tree is apparent as disrupting the convenience of foot circulation; increasing the sense of a public realm walking under and through the tree. The pattern of walking on a flat uneasy pavement is interrupted by a natural placement.
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DIVERSIFIED
04 attracting circulation
Points of interest by the adjacent street draw interest of pedestrians from the other side. The existing linear circulation pattern is introduced with the presence variety of interesting nodes. The diversified pattern of circulation constantly oscillated from one point to the other, this slows down the pace of the movement patterns throughout.
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chapter four collage city
Urban Distinctive Character
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low rise & high rise
HIERARCHY OF BUILDING From the diagram, the building height increases as traveling along Jalan Pinang from Jalan Raja Chulan. The span of building set back to the road lengthens which clearly evokes the feeling of the estrangement as the density of people is at low within the confine street of Jalan Pinang.
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shaded trees
CREATE LIVABILITY Trees are clearly allocated strategically to provide naturally shaded area. A visual contrast is presented through the pedestrian’s turning point by having a naturally grown vegetation in a city dominant in its man-made structures. Shades may turn into a gathered point due to its collective yet clustered position. The natural shaded area create opportunities for people to utilize open spaces comfortably and functionally.
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walkable pathway
CONTINUITY The walkable pedestrian pathways spanning the sreetes of Jalan Raja Chulan, Jalan Kia Peng, and Jalan Pinang varies in different typologies. One may experience a transition of street use from the Jalan Raja Chulan whereby properly pathed walkways are presented and allowing pedestrians to easily access the shopping gallery of Pavillion while approaching Jalan Pinang, the walkways are mostly used by people directing to other point of interests. These walkable pathways help pedestrians to connect to various nodes and public transport stations. 32 61
zebra crossing
REPETITON The repeated zebra crossing allows movements of crossing for the pedestrians from the current side of pavement to another stretch of pavement. Not only does it is convenience to the pedestrian, but to also provide a sense of safe realm whilst crossing the road. It is clear that the along the street to Jalan Pinang as the street are secondary circulation, the amenity of these crossings are placed to allow pedestrians to circulate throughout.
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people
morning
afternoon
evening
night
MOVEMENT DENSITY The swift change of the people density fluctuates throughout the day based on the activities and functions within the surroundings of built forms. People is more during morning time, as most of the high-rise buildings are offices, and office workers circulates pedestrian pathways in between the buildings. People is less during the afternoon since the street becomes an open space that is exposed to the hot weather. During evening there is high population everywhere as it is closing office hours and people will be seen circulating the streets and the KLCC Park as it is the only park in the urban area. By nightfall, the area of KLCC will have a play of musical fountains, and vibrancy lights, which attracts people for leisure 32 63 functions.
path
TAPERING PATH The stretch of the street spans throughout, but the width varies. The main road that circulate vehicles by the shopping gallery of Jalan Raja Chulan as the street is diverges and converge vehicular circulation from this main street to a highway to another part, or further of the city. Jalan Raja Chulan accommodates the need of heavy traffic pattern circulating throughout, so it requires the a wide stretch of 6-lane to cater the heavy vehicle movement. While, proceeding to Jalan Pinang through Jalan Kia Peng, the roads gradually decrease its lane from 6 to 3 as the street here are secondary and is not always active. It is clear the change in mood as we become less hectic along the journey. The clarity of gradual change from a wider street of Jalan Raja Chulanto a narrower street of Jalan Pinang. 32 64
activity
CONTRAST IN REALM The value of activity changeover from something that is leisure to something that is formal like corporate functions. Upon diverging from the street of Raja Chulan to Jalan Kia Peng, one sense the change from a luxurious shopping realm to the cold anonymous realm of the corporate and office realm. The sudden sensation of loud and free shifting to quiet and constraint. The clarity of change of function throughout the streets.
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landmark
LEGIBLE POINT Built form visually signifies landmark thus creating legibility of town by easing movements to navigate throughout the town. Dense cluster of monumental building stands together along the and stretch of Jalan Pinang mainly as the street ends by the city’s’ heart. Clear standing monumental built forms individually placed but collectively stands out to create a sense of street identity thus knowing ones’ presence within the whereabouts of the city.
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circulation
FLEXIBILITY Essential movements that gets a person across and throughout the city connected by a series of networked circulation. The restricted directional circulation movement of Jalan Raja Chulan is really deceptive as there is the only movement is forwards or backwards. Foot circulation sits in between built form of the Pavillion and the heavy traffic circulation of street of Jalan Raja Chulan. Slowly approaching KLCC through the street of Jalan Kia Peng and to Jalan Pinang The streets becomes more diversified with bridges of connectivity, bicycle circulation, cross walk of the zebra crossings, as well as single flow pattern of vehicles. It is clear that circulation is diversified when transitioning to Jalan Pinang from Jalan raja Chulan thus creating flexibility. 32 67
SUMMARY
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chapter five mapping the townscape
Kuala Lumpur Amsterdam Singapore
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dimensions EXPERIENTIAL QUALITIES
MORPHOL OGICAL
SOCIAL
PERCEPTU FUNCTION TEMPORAL VISUAL AL AL
Diversity to Monumentality Urban Scale & Intimate Scale Continuity & Disruption Repetition Transitional Function Wider to Narrower Street Inclusive to Exclusive Dualism through Approach Rigid to Flexible
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comparison of three cities DIMENSIONS
KLCC KUALA LUMPUR
ORCHARD ROAD SINGAPORE
BORNEO SPORENBURG AMSTERDAM
Morphological
Varies in scale, height and mixed use typologies
Low to high skyline buildings, colonial to contemporary style buildings
Local Dutch culture and historical aspects ported into contemporary design
Social
Balanced mix of locals with multicultural backgrounds and foreigners
Globalized city for foreigners and international tourists
Integration of local Dutch culture
Perceptual
Changing width of the street creates different sensation of being exposed to traffic
Activities based on multi-layering, creating variety of spatial experiences
Linear connection individual homes into collective typologies, creating harmony aspect
Functional
Functions are within built form and wide setbacks that separate public and private
Multi-functional use for in-between spaces, actively engaging the pedestrians
Passive engagements, the need of involving less to ones' self with the surrounding
Temporal
Shopping node at daytime, active street at night with festivals and performances
Tropical weather work hours and daily time cycles that affect density of circulation
Culture of water activities still revolved by the water body of the Borneo
Visual
Expressive facade allows transparency into interior, creating honesty in materiality
Interactive facades clearly depicts vibrant movement in and out through built form
Visual privacy - the interface of public and private realms
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chapter six tales of wishes
A reflection from all of us
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tales of wishes CHEE JIA XIN Kuala Lumpur is a city that balances both old and new, separated by a fine line of difference between harmony and aggression. It also acts as a local node with its diversity in culture and activities. Moreover, the availability of streetscapes despite the existence of tall modern buildings helps to deliver a tranquil and calm experience to that of a hustling and bustling city of Kuala Lumpur.
CHIFUNDO SAPUWA After the comparison between the three cities; Amsterdam, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. Where Amsterdam has held onto its Dutch culture in lifestyle and is a self-sustain city as everything is provided. Kuala Lumpur has also been able to hold onto its culture and tradition and is able to adapt and preserve its in buildings even through its modernisation. While Singapore has a well-planned circulation of pedestrian walkways but it has somehow lost its culture through its development for modernisation. I would choose Amsterdam as my city of wish. This is because it is in a developed country but has managed to keep its heritage and culture. The Dutch lifestyle is simple and does not require much which makes it a livable city as everything is provide in the neighbour saving time and money. Amsterdam is also a environmental sustainable city as the Dutch life is simple and easy as most people use boats or bicycles to venture the city and they believe in green spaces which also includes the water as one. This low the carbon footprint of the city. I believe in eco-friendly step to help save the word and also I have been raised in a small town where everything is provided within the area this is why I would choose Amsterdam over Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.
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ERIC LO YANN SHIN Based on the cities that I have analysed throughout this whole course, KL is a fastdeveloping city is the place that I would prefer to live in. As a metropolitan city, it is a hub for a quality lifestyle as the accessibility to commerce, food and culture is fantastic. I admire the convenience and accessibility to various local and international outlets. With interesting townscape, high accessibility and strong culture, it creates an illustrious vibrant city.
KALVIN BONG JIA YING In my opinion, Kuala Lumpur is literally a city of clarity. Whatever I predicted has projected in the city’s distinctive characters. The clarity is also supported by our visual observation during the site visit: the orderly manner of building arrangement, the consistency of predictable functions and the diversified circulation, that are eventually repeated throughout the whole street. Compared it to Borneo Sporenburg, Amsterdam, is a city of consistent where the buildings and streets are all arranged linearly, block by block with similar functions, to ease the movement and provide transparency. Singapore, city of order where the buildings are all vertically upwards with linear streets due to limited land area available. Each of them has its own typology, giving its own unique character, but to map all of them – clarity, order and consistent – they are all projective cities.
KANG ZI SHAN Based on the cities that I have analysed throughout this whole course, Kuala Lumpur, a fastdeveloping city is the place that I would prefer to live in. It is a city that is clarity and easy to understand with gleaming skyscrapers, charming locals and culture that will attract tourists. It is also equipped with facilities for citizen convenience such as the pedestrian with tree shade and bicycle pathways. I am grateful to not only learn about the urban designs and typologies from the profile of the city, but also to have gained the skill to analyse something by looking at the same diagram from different aspects.
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KENNETT LIM ROONG XIANG A city caters the necessity of the people that inhabits large amount of foot area. The balance of a healthy ‘ecosystem’ of man and built environment. Amsterdam, Borneo with its linear typology of built form arrangements, Singapore with its social integration to the minimized space of the island country, and Kuala Lumpur with its diverse ‘everything’- rojak. Where Kuala Lumpur zoning functions are planned along with a subtle addition of the circulation running throughout the city in relation of the individual built forms. City should foster the value of creating liveability with its people: Borneo Sporenburg is the city I view as a choice I would prefer to stay. The satisfaction and freedom to interact with the extension of the water terrain, concentralized public node, clear linear circulation, individual built form closely neighbouring each other. I feel that this city puts considerations of the people satisfaction into ensuring a quality of a public realm to create liveability for the residences.
LEE SHI YIN Kuala Lumpur is a city with boasting gleaming skyscrapers with the mix of colonial architecture and interesting local culture and attractions. As the capital of Malaysia, the city has developing in modernism while retaining the local traditions which represents the lifestyle of Malaysians. The rich diversity of forms and activities in Kuala Lumpur enriches the vibrancy of the city.
TAN WEI SEN Borneo Sporenburg, Amsterdam, is a highly legible urban context that was made for the people, having in between spaces with pockets of nature on a man-made island. Singapore is a highly efficient city which has lost its context due to rapid developments and the disregard for old buildings because of its limited land. Kuala Lumpur has its culture clearly reflected on its spaces and typology, giving it character.
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TING XIAO YAO The city I like the most is Amsterdam which is quite known for its unique picturesque architecture. The city developed as a result of conscious planning. The canals followed a four “U-shape” design, from west to east, improving the city’s accesses, water management and security. an innovative, powerful, rich country emerged. A masterplan with not only a strong respect for Amsterdam’s architectural heritage but also fresh contemporary vision; following the city’s culture of equality, tolerance, and acceptance, playing a huge role balancing social disparities that so often occur in this kind of high-density new housing areas with no identity, nor a sensitive sense of the inhabitants. Borneo- Sporenburg: the Venice of Amsterdam; the houses touching the water, the reflections over the canals absorbed by the living environment, the intimate scale but still the characteristic big landmarks that bring diversity and harmony, becoming a dynamic and interesting new area of Amsterdam.
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chapter seven conclusion
KLCC The Projective City
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the projective city The Projective city, Kuala Lumpur. The city of grandeur doesn’t hide its function amidst its built form to further express its intention to be luxurious. The city clearly embodies the expressive values that it becomes along with the sense of a unique culture and community. Built form consistently fills up every stretch of the street linearly throughout the whole city, individually and collectively forms the cluttered organization of building placement layouts. Built form facades facing the street showcasing its grandiosity while a diverse network of circulation running in-between the towering built forms signifying movement in different times for people to interpret leisure and work. One could say that the city of Kuala Lumpur rarely sleeps. To summarize, comparing the other two country cities: Amsterdam, and Singapore that we studied, in which each city is greater than the other at a certain aspect. Whereby Amsterdam city, Borneo-Sporenburg, caters the liveability for the residence that habits there. And Singapore, Orchard road, where the street integrates social aspect where commerce value takes place. A clear and significant similarity and differences among the three cities that is unique to a sense of character and liveability to their people whilst providing a significant city respectively.
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