ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ! ㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊㅊ!
62%
1,200+ volunteers!
! interviewed
21% Republic of Korea
21%
6% 11%
87 Countries 174 Organisations 3,242 Workcamps 40,950 Volunteer placements
15.2 days of collective life 9.8 days of hands-on work 5.9 hours of work per day 12.6 participants Republic of Korea
2,367,729
270 Hours per day
hours of work Continuity of service
Every single day of the year there are at least 3 workcamps going on around the world, 45 people volunteering
Agriculture, Animals, Environment Elderly, Family, Kids, Social Construction, Renovation Education, Study, Teaching Archeology, Heritage Health, Handicap Arts, Culture, Festival
Workcamp economic value by field of intervention (Volunteers working hours) WORKCAMP THEMES (MAIN)
NAICS 813400 Civic and social Mean organisations (proposed occupation hourly equivalent) wage
AGRI/ANIMALS/ENVI
45-0000 Farming, fishing and forestry
11.19 USD
8,915,501 USD
ARCHEO/HERITAGE
17-0000 Architecture and engineering
26.31 USD
2,126,876 USD
ARTS/CULT/FESTI
27-0000 Arts, design, entertainment, sports and media 16.24 USD
3,938,480 USD
CONS / RENO
47-0000 Construction and extraction
19.14 USD
11,179,301 USD
EDU/STUDY/TEACH
25-0000 Education, training and library
13.37 USD
4,245,377 USD
ELDE/FAMI/KIDS/SOCI
21-0000 Community and social services
16.40 USD
4,658,078 USD
HANDI/HEALTH
31-0000 Healthcare support
20.26 USD
1,121,376 USD
Adapted from ILO (2011), Manual on the Measurement of Volunteer Work; NAICS standards, Table 6.1 page 40) NOTE: only the learning of the volunteers, object of the research, is included at this stage.
Overall economic value (working hours x mean hourly wage)
36,184,989 USD
Evidence of learning is crucial to justify the additional educational value of international workcamps
INTENDED Vision - WHY Self-awareness! Motivation Challenge Problem-solving Interpersonal competency Conflict management Career decision
+
ORGANISED Process - HOW
(always)
Results - WHAT
Change and influence Reference framework
2004-13
!
1,044 Vols
!
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT! GLOBAL COMPETENCIES!
!
Foreign language Communication Teamwork Leadership Intercultural adaptation Diversity and global understanding Global literacy Citizenship
=!
REPLICATED
2014
!
166 Vols
Pre-post Test
Programme variables! Region Country Partner Theme Duration Orientation Group Leaders Work hours
Understand! ! Valorise! ! Improve
Evidence of learning is crucial to justify the additional educational value of international workcamps Intercultural adaptation, diversity and global understanding “I have a better understanding of people with different societal and cultural backgrounds and less prejudices (4.459 / 5.00) my judgement of other cultures has increased and I have a stronger interest in international issues (4.458 / 5.00)” Challenging Spirit and Self-confidence “I have developed the confidence to take on new challenges and I have learned not to give up easily and to actively persevere no matter how difficult the task (4.258 / 5.00)”
• Survey of Program Alumni
– 1044 returned Korean volunteers that served in work camps between 2004 and 2012; 7% response rate
• Bivariate statistical analysis
– Principal Component Analyses and Reliability Analyses
• Personal Development: composite of 12 items (α = .92)
• Cultural Competence: composite of 3 items (α = .88)
– Independent sample t-test, ANOVA, chi-square
• Multivariate statistical analysis
– Multiple linear regression analyses
Interpersonal Competence “I have come to take the initiative to talk to people that I am non familiar with and I make great efforts to consider the thoughts and feelings of the other persons (4.363 / 5.00)”
Rate themselves significantly higher on the citizenship scale after service compared to the baseline pre-test
• Survey of 2014 Program Participants
– Pre- post- survey of 166 work camp volunteers that served in 2014
• Bivariate statistical analysis
Rate themselves significantly higher on the teamwork scale
– Principal Component Analyses and Reliability Analyses
• Citizenship: composite of 6 items (α = .75)
• Global Awareness: composite of 5 items (α = .78)
• Teamwork: composite of 7 items (α = .82)
– Paired sample t-tests for dependent data
• Multivariate statistical analysis
– Multiple linear regression analyses for program factors
Are significantly less afraid of, and less defensive when confronted with conflicts after service compared to the baseline pre-test
Evidence of learning is crucial to justify the additional educational value of international workcamps
The economic equivalent of added educational value of international workcamps
199,236,907 USD 14,901,788 hours per year of organised learning through collective life, shared living and working
Non Formal Education Learning to do, by doing Learning to be Learning to live together
Adapted from ILO (2011), Manual on the Measurement of Volunteer Work; NAICS standards, Table 6.1 page 40) NOTE: only the learning of the volunteers, object of the research, is included at this stage.
Learning economic value per participant 4,865 USD
38% of
OECD Public spending per tertiary student 12,780 USD
“Gross National Product measures neither our wit nor our courage, neither our wisdom nor our learning, neither our compassion nor our devotion to our country. It measures everything, in short, except that which makes life worthwhile….”
!
JFK
“Imagine an eleven-rung ladder where the bottom (0) represents the worst possible life for you and the top (10) represents the best possible life for you. On which step of the ladder do you feel you personally stand at the present time?� Increased Subjective Well-Being
LIFE SATISFACTION! (Subjective well being)
38 28.5 19
7.8
8.0
9.5
Dark Chocolate Milk Chocolate
7.2
7.1
0
6.5
6.0
Korea ! average)
Korea ! (tertiary education)
BW Volunteers !
(BEFORE)
OECD average ! (tertiary education)
International - The fact of having spent abroad an important number of weeks is significantly associated with higher life satisfaction
!
Worlcamps - The fact of having already volunteered before is significantly associated with higher life satisfaction
BW Volunteers ! (AFTER)
SWITZERLAND! (Tertiary education)
Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that
the defences of peace must be constructed
UNESCO Constitution, Preamble