Ceramic Water Purifier
Existing scenario: In Cambodia, access to safe and sustainable drinking water and adequate sanitation and hygiene facilities remains a challenge, particularly for families in rural areas. Polluted ponds or lakes and rivers remain the main source of water for cleaning, bathing and drinking.
Cambodia has a population of 15 783 680 (2015) people. Approximately 66% Cambodians live without access to improved water sources and potentially much greater percentage without consistent access to safe drinking water. Due to the poor quality of available drinking water sources and the lack of centralized systems for delivering safe water to households, the reality for most Cambodians today is that they must collect water, store it for use in the household, and treat and protect it themselves if they are to have safe water.
Lack of water and sanitation is one of the biggest issues affecting the health of children across Cambodia, particularly those who live in the countryside. Too many children are still denied the most basic rights to safe water, the dignity of using a toilet and the simple practice of washing hands with soap. The consequences for children are severe, as high occurrences of diarrhea, skin disease, respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia, intestinal and other waterborne and excreta-related diseases cast a shadow over child health and in many cases, result in death. High incidences of diarrhea diseases alone account for one fifth of the deaths of children age five and under in Cambodia, and an estimated 10,000 overall deaths annually, largely owing to lack of sanitation and poor hygiene practices.
THIS GIVES YOU SOME BACKGROUND AS TO WHY AVAILABILITY OR OPPORTUNITY OF GETTING SAFE DRINKING WATER SUPPLY IS OF UTMOST IMPORTANT TO THE PEOPLE IN THE RURAL AREAS PARTICULARLY TO THOSE LIVING IN FLOATING VILLAGES. One such villages will be the Krakor Floating Village
Some views of the Krakor Floating Village
SOME VIEWS OF ACTIVITIES
CONFLICT USAGE OF LAKE WATER
RO WATER SYSTEM
ICE FACTORY
COMMUNITY CENTRES OF INTEREST
Surface water in Cambodia is often plentiful but generally of poor quality, due in part to inadequate or nonexistent sanitation in rural areas. Surface water and shallow groundwater (often of poor microbiological and aesthetic quality) and rainwater catchment (susceptible to contamination during collection and storage) are the principal alternatives to arsenic-contaminated deep wells. Fortunately, Krakor doesn’t has arsenic problem.
Therefore, filtration of the raw water supply (surface, ground and rain water) will be one of the best methods to overcome the problem of safe drinking water. Boiling of water, although is another simple way of preparing safe drinking water, it is not sustainable and has large carbon footprint.
Small-scale ceramic filtration has a long history, having been used in various forms since antiquity. Locally produced ceramic pot-style filters have the advantages of being relatively inexpensive, chemical free, low-maintenance, portable, effective, and easy to use. The filters remove microorganisms from water by gravity filtration through porous ceramics, with typical flow rates of 2-3 liters per hour.
Ceramic filtration is the use of porous ceramic (fired clay) to filter microbes or other contaminants from drinking water. Pore size can be made small enough (generally < 0.2Âľm) to remove up to 99.99% bacteria. Ceramic filters cool the treated water through evapotranspiration and with a proper storage receptacle, safely store water for use.
The Ceramic Water Purifier (CWP) is a point-of-use microbial water treatment system intended for routine use in low-income settings. The system can filter enough to supply drinking water for a family of five. In this program we will distribute, explaining the use and maintenance of a Tunsai Ceramic Water Purifier
Storage receptacle Ceramic filter
Receptacle lid Spigot
Features of the ceramic filter: The CWP consists of a porous, pot-shaped filter element made of kiln-fired clay impregnated with colloidal silver. The clay pores act as a physical barrier to micro-organisms and the silver acts as a bactericide. ď&#x192;&#x2DC; The ceramic filter element is set in a plastic receptacle tank with a lid and spigot to protect filtered water from recontamination. ď&#x192;&#x2DC; Raw water seeps through the ceramic filter element by gravity at a rate of 2 to 3 liters per hour producing potable water. ď&#x192;&#x2DC; The filter element holds approximately 10 liters, allowing a family to produce 30 liters of water per day with three fillings, or more if required.
In a UNICEF-funded study conducted in Cambodia by the University of North Carolina it was determined that the â&#x20AC;&#x153;time in use for filters in households was about 2 years, on average, before disuse. This suggests that filters can be used reliably for extended periods and also that users valued the filters enough to keep using them, usually until breakageâ&#x20AC;?. Households using a CWP reported only half as many cases of diarrhea as matched control households without a filter. The most common reason for discontinued use was breakage of the ceramic filter element, spigot, or container.
MANUFACTURING The ceramic water purifier (CWPs) are locally produced by mixing clay with finely ground combustible materials in a specially designed press. When the clay is fired, the combustibles burn away, leaving small pores in the filter that are less than 0.2Îźm wide. A silver compound is painted onto the filter in order to increase effectiveness.
Since the CWPs are enclosed in food-grade plastic containers, they ensure that treated water is safely and properly stored. Water treated by other methods in Cambodia (by boiling, for instance) is often kept in open containers and is easily re-infected. The CWPs dispense water from a tap, increasing their effectiveness and ease of use.
The CWP systems have only one moving part (i.e. the tap) and need no external energy source (such as UV lamps) or consumables (i.e. chlorine packets) to disinfect the water. Unlike chlorine-based disinfection, CWP filtration produces no significant taste issues with water.
However, the CWPs can become clogged if they are being used to treat particularly turbid water. In order to avoid clogging , it is recommends that high turbid water be allowed to settle for a day or so in a storage container prior to filtration. The CWPs can easily be removed for periodic cleaning, giving families the power to considerably extend the useful life of their filters.
MAINTENANCE ď&#x192;&#x2DC; Maintenance consists of scrubbing the ceramic filter element to unclog pores and washing the receptacle tank to prevent bacterial growth. ď&#x192;&#x2DC; The ceramic filter element has an average lifespan of two years or more. Lifespan depends on the quality of the input water and the care taken to avoid breakage. The receptacle and spigot are expected to last five years The useful life of a ceramic filter depends on the frequency of cleaning, the quality of water being treated, and the thickness of the CWP, since repeated cleaning will eventually wear away the filter surface.
The CWP system requires no energy input or consumables. This reduces the use of non-renewable biomass (mostly firewood) for water treatment by boiling. This directly leads to reduced CO2 emissions. The socioeconomic benefits of access to clean drinking water are well documented, and include reduced time spent provisioning water, reduced cost for families, reduced child and adult morbidity and mortality, improved attendance at school and increased productivity.
THIS IS WHAT YOU ARE SUPPOSED TO DO
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION