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Introduction to Water sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
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Expectation: -What is the water? -Water and human body -Global water issue -Water source in rural area -Water sector issues
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What is the water?
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Water and human body -70% of the weight of human body is covered by water therefore we cannot survive with water. -If our body used 1% of water we feel thirsty.
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Water and human body
If our body used 5% of water we have a fever.
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Water and human body -If our body used 10% of water, we cannot move. -If our body used 12% of water we cannot survive. -Have to drink minimum 2-3 liters of safe water to maintain good health.
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Global Water Issues -Water supply projects breakdown rates in rural Africa is very high (e.g. more than 50% of water systems not functioning in some regions of Ethiopia)
-88% of diarrheal disease is attributed to unsafe water supply, inadequate sanitation and hygiene.
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Global Water Issues -Less than 3% of the world’s water is fresh – the rest is seawater and undrinkable. -Close to half of all people in developing countries suffer at any given time from a health problem caused by water and sanitation deficits (UNDP, 2006).
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Global Water Issues -Each minute, 15 deaths occur due to water related diseases. -884 million people rely on unimproved sources for their water
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Global Water Issues -2.5 billion people in the world do not have a basic toilet
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Water Sources in Rural Area
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Water Sources in Rural Area And often that water is not safe
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Water Sources in Rural Area - Rural area in region
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Water Sector Issue -Clean water sources are reducing gradually. -Ground water sources are also contaminated by arsenic and pathogens. -Some drilled hand pumps and improved wells are also dysfunction and need repair. -Water project needs large amount of investment to provide safe water in rural communities.
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Water Sector Issue -Water project needs large amount of investment to provide safe water in rural communities. -Community participation is low and user groups are not active to look after water supply schemes -End users are not aware on the importance of safe water and water handling.
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Water Sector Issue -Major issues in water quality: Physical Chemical Biological
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Personal Hygiene
Safe Water
Environmental  Sanitation
Healthy Life
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Consider‌ -What is the effect on a community if access to safe drinking water is improved but there is still a lack of basic sanitation?
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Cycle of Poverty Spreading of disease Lack of economic productivity
Health
Povert Lack of productivity
y Unable to get a job or work
Unable to go to school
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Group1 -What can be done to stop the cycle of poverty?
Group 2 -What can be done to improve access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation?
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Thanks