Amity School of Architecture and Planning Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida
1|Page
2|Page
............................................................................................................................................................ 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4 .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 7 ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 ..................................................................................................................................... 9 .................................................................................................................................... 12 .................................................................................................................................................. 12 .................................................................................................................................................. 12 ......................................................................................................................................... 13 ............................................................................................................................ 14 ............................................................................................................... 15 ....................................................................................................................... 16 ................................................................................................................................................. 18 ................................................................................................................................ 18 ............................................................................................................................ 19 ................................................................ 19 .......................................................... 20 ............................................................................................................................ 22 .............................................................................................................................................. 22 .............................................................................. 23 ............................................................................................................................................ 26 ........................................................................................................................................ 26 ..................................................................................................................................................... 30 ................................................................................................................................................. 32 ......................................................................................................................................... 34 ................................................................................................................................................... 36 ............................................................................................................................................. 38 ............................................................................................................................................... 39 ............................................................................................................................................................ 42 3|Page
.......................................................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 1Inspiration from wings for the first aircraft ............................................................................................................... 9 Figure 2Original sketch of The dome of Santa Maria ........................................................................................................... 10 Figure 3Left: burrs & textile; Right: hook & loop .................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 4inspiration of bullet train from kingfisher bird ........................................................................................................ 11 Figure 5 coral reef used as inspiration for concrete ............................................................................................................. 11 Figure 6 approaches to biomimicry ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 7 advantages of biomimicry ....................................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 8 duck house .............................................................................................................................................................. 15 Figure 9 fish building(unofficial name) ................................................................................................................................. 15 Figure 10 box fish .................................................................................................................................................................. 16 Figure 11 Mercedes-Benz car inspired by box fish ............................................................................................................... 16 Figure 12 dog house .............................................................................................................................................................. 17 Figure 13 basket building ...................................................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 14leaf shaped building ............................................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 15leaf shape used in facade ...................................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 16principles of biomimicry ........................................................................................................................................ 19 Figure 17 lotus leaf................................................................................................................................................................ 20 Figure 18 water repelling properties .................................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 19stocolor paint with water repelling properties ...................................................................................................... 21 Figure 20elephant trunk used to create hydraulic arms....................................................................................................... 21 Figure 21 typological analysis ............................................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 22levels of biomimicry ............................................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 23 Eastgate project .................................................................................................................................................... 26 Figure 24Termite mounds ..................................................................................................................................................... 26 Figure 25sketch showing termites mounds internal working............................................................................................... 27 Figure 26ventilation system of termite mounds .................................................................................................................. 27 Figure 27ventilation system of eastgate project .................................................................................................................. 28 Figure 28detail of ventilation ................................................................................................................................................ 28 Figure 29 sketch showing fractical cooling ........................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 30shading at Eastgate project.................................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 31plan of Eastgate ..................................................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 32view of inner courtyard.......................................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 33the Eden project..................................................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 34features of Eden project ........................................................................................................................................ 31 Figure 35inner view of eden project ..................................................................................................................................... 32 Figure 36the Burj Khalifa....................................................................................................................................................... 32 Figure 37flower of Hymeocallis as inspiration ...................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 38 plan-section of Burj Khalifa ................................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 39aerodynamics of Burj Khalifa ................................................................................................................................. 33 Figure 40plan of Burj Khalifa ................................................................................................................................................. 34 Figure 41the council house 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 35 Figure 42section of the council house 2 ............................................................................................................................... 35 4|Page
Figure 43 the water cube ...................................................................................................................................................... 36 Figure 44working of water cube ........................................................................................................................................... 37 Figure 45approach to biomimicry ......................................................................................................................................... 40 Figure 46 biomimic design of building skin ........................................................................................................................... 40
Table 1table to understand various levels of biomimicry..................................................................................................... 25 Table 2comparitive analysis of case studies ......................................................................................................................... 39 Table 3steps to design building using biomimicry ................................................................................................................ 41 Table 4 Aspects of design...................................................................................................................................................... 41
5|Page
6|Page
• • • •
7|Page
8|Page
Figure 1Inspiration from wings for the first aircraft
9|Page
Figure 2Original sketch of The dome of Santa Maria
Figure 3Left: burrs & textile; Right: hook & loop
10 | P a g e
Figure 4inspiration of bullet train from kingfisher bird
Figure 5 coral reef used as inspiration for concrete
11 | P a g e
Figure 6 approaches to biomimicry
12 | P a g e
5.2.3.1 EMULATE AND ENHANCE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
13 | P a g e
ADVANTAGES OF BIOMIMICRY SUSTAINABLE
PERFORM WELL
SAVES ENERGY
CUTS MATERIAL COST
REDEFINE AND ELIMINATE WASTE
SAVES THE PLANET
Figure 7 advantages of biomimicry
14 | P a g e
Figure 8 duck house
Figure 9 fish building(unofficial name)
15 | P a g e
Figure 10 box fish
Figure 11 Mercedes-Benz car inspired by box fish
16 | P a g e
Figure 12 dog house
Figure 13 basket building
Figure 14leaf shaped building
17 | P a g e
Figure 15leaf shape used in facade
• • • • • • • •
18 | P a g e
PRINCIPLES OF BIOMIMICRY
Figure 16principles of biomimicry
19 | P a g e
Figure 17 lotus leaf
Figure 18 water repelling properties
20 | P a g e
Figure 19stocolor paint with water repelling properties
Figure 20elephant trunk used to create hydraulic arms
21 | P a g e
Figure 21 typological analysis
22 | P a g e
Figure 22levels of biomimicry
Example: A building that mimics termite Form
The building looks like a termite.
23 | P a g e
Material
The structure is made of the same material as a termite. For example, a material that resembles the exoskeleton/skin of a termite. The structure is constructed in the same manner as a termite, and it, too, goes through various growth cycles. The structure functions similarly to a single termite, producing hydrogen efficiently through meta-genomics, for example. In a larger context, the building functions similarly to a termite, recycling cellulose waste and producing soil, for example. The structure is made of the same material as a termite, for example, a material that mimics the exoskeleton/skin of a termite. The structure is constructed in the same manner as a termite, and it, too, goes through various growth cycles. The structure functions similarly to a single termite, producing hydrogen efficiently through meta-genomics, for example. In a larger context, the building functions similarly to a termite, recycling cellulose waste and producing soil, for example. The structure is made of the same material as a termite; for example, a material that mimics the exoskeleton/skin of a termite. The structure is constructed in the same manner as a termite, and it, too, goes through various growth cycles. The structure functions similarly to a single termite, producing hydrogen efficiently through meta-genomics, for example. In a larger context, the building functions similarly to a termite, recycling cellulose waste and producing soil, for example. The structure is made of the same material as a termite; for example, a material that mimics the exoskeleton/skin of a termite. The structure is constructed in the same manner as a termite, and it, too, goes through various growth cycles. The structure functions similarly to a single termite, producing hydrogen efficiently through meta-genomics, for example. In a larger context, the building functions similarly to a termite, recycling cellulose waste and producing soil, for example. The structure is made of the same material as a termite; for example, a material that mimics the exoskeleton/skin of a termite.
Construction
The structure is constructed in the same manner as a termite; it, for example, goes through various growth cycles.
Process
The structure functions similarly to a single termite, producing hydrogen efficiently through meta-genomics, for example.
Function
In a larger context, the building functions similarly to a termite, recycling cellulose waste and producing soil, for example.
Form
The structure appears to have been built by termites; for example, it is a replica of a termite mound.
24 | P a g e
Material
The structure is constructed with the same materials that termites use, such as digested fine soil as the primary material.
Construction
The structure is constructed in the same manner as a termite would; for example, piling earth in specific locations at specific times.
Process
The construction works in the same way that a termite would; for example, piling earth in specific locations at specific times.
Function
The structure functions in the same way that a termite-made structure would; internal conditions, for example, are regulated to be optimal and thermally stable. It may also serve the same purpose as a termite mound in a larger context.
Form
The structure appears to be an ecosystem (a termite would live in)
Material
The building is constructed from the same materials as the (termite) ecosystem; it employs naturally occurring common compounds and water as the primary chemical medium, for example. For example, (termite) ecosystems are used over time.
Construction
The structure is constructed in the same manner as a (termite) ecosystem; principles of succession and increasing complexity take precedence over principles of succession and increasing complexity.
Process
The structure functions similarly to a (termite) ecosystem, capturing and converting solar energy and storing water, for example. The structure functions similarly to a (termite) ecosystem, capturing and converting solar energy and storing water, for example. The structure functions similarly to a (termite) ecosystem, capturing and converting solar energy and storing water, for example. The structure functions similarly to a (termite) ecosystem, capturing and converting solar energy and storing water, for example.
Function
The building can function similarly to a (termite)ecosystem and forms part of a complex system by utilizing the relationships between processes; it can participate in the hydrological, carbon, nitrogen cycles, and so on, just like an ecosystem. The building can function similarly to a (termite)ecosystem and forms part of a complex system by utilizing the relationships between processes; it can participate in the hydrological, carbon, and nitrogen cycles, for example, just like an ecosystem.
Table 1table to understand various levels of biomimicry
25 | P a g e
Figure 23 Eastgate project
Figure 24Termite mounds
• • • .
26 | P a g e
Figure 25sketch showing termites mounds internal working
Figure 26ventilation system of termite mounds
27 | P a g e
Figure 27ventilation system of eastgate project
Figure 28detail of ventilation
FRACTICAL COOLING:
Figure 29 sketch showing fractical cooling
28 | P a g e
Figure 30shading at Eastgate project
• • •
Figure 31plan of Eastgate
29 | P a g e
Figure 32view of inner courtyard
Figure 33the Eden project
30 | P a g e
Figure 34features of Eden project
• •
Recycled materials Lower-carbon products
31 | P a g e
Figure 35inner view of eden project
Figure 36the Burj Khalifa
32 | P a g e
Figure 37flower of Hymeocallis as inspiration
Figure 38 plan-section of Burj Khalifa
Figure 39aerodynamics of Burj Khalifa
33 | P a g e
Figure 40plan of Burj Khalifa
34 | P a g e
-Energy Efficiency
-Air is 100% filtered
-Sustainable
-Natural lighting and ventilation saved by 65%
-Usage of natural Resources -Light house environment all project
-Maximizes natural
Figure 41the council house 2
Figure 42section of the council house 2
• • • 35 | P a g e
-Energy Efficiency -Insulated greenhouse -Isolation of indoor and outdoor environment -Natural lighting Figure 43 the water cube
-Energy reduction by 30% -Capturing solar energy -Reduction of artificial lighting by 55%
36 | P a g e
Figure 44working of water cube
• • • • • • •
• • • •
37 | P a g e
Aspects
The Eastgate Project
The Eden Project
Burj Khalifa
The Council House 2
The Water Cube
Concept
The building is inspired by the ventilation system of termite mounds to provide a building in Zimbabwe's dry and hot climate without the use of air conditioning.
The architect was inspired by soap bubbles, which adapt to any surface they land on. When two or more bubbles come together, the line of the join is always perpendicular (straight up and down).
The tower's concept is to base the structure on an organic form with triaxial geometry and spiraling growth, which can be seen in the final design.
CH2 was designed to be a highly energy efficient and sustainable structure, with all its systems and spaces interconnected and interrelated. The building, like a living organism, requires all its limbs and organs to function properly.
the building is inspired by bubbles, as they are transparent and captures sunlight and provide natural heating for pool inside.
Approach
Direct approach; Design looking to biology
Indirect approach; biology influencing design
Indirect approach; biology influencing design
Direct approach; design looking to biology
Indirect approach; biology influencing design
Principle
Nature curb excess from within Nature taps the power from limits
Nature fits form to function Nature rewards cooperation
Nature fits form to function Nature banks on diversity Nature rewards cooperation
Energy efficiency Respond to Environment Sustainable
Energy efficiency Entrance of natural light Isolation of indoor and outdoor environment
Material
Concrete, Glass
Glulam (glued laminate), timber beam, Concrete
Concrete, steel rebar, Glass
All recycle timber, steel, concrete
Steel, ETFE sheets
38 | P a g e
Level
Second Level of Biomimicry. The architect has incorporated the behavioral aspect of a termite mound
Sustainability The building is inspired by the ventilation system of termite mounds to provide a building in Zimbabwe's dry and hot climate without the use of air conditioners.
Behavioral Level of Biomimicry. The architect has incorporated the behavioral aspect of a soap bubble.
First level of Biomimicry, Organism Level The architect has replicated the form of a flower on to his building to achieve the great height, which with the help of this shape is able to reduce wind loads.
Organism and behavior level of biomimicry. The architect has incorporated both the organism level and behavior of tree in the façade.
organism level of biomimicry. The architect has incorporated the behavior of bubbles.
The project incorporates features such as water harvesting, day lighting, and sustainable building materials, which successfully reduces the project's carbon footprint.
The structure's shape not only aids in load transfer, but because of its height, it also provides an aesthetic and functional advantage by reducing wind load.
The building façade is inspired by the energy efficiency of trees to provide a natural lighting and ventilation and shading for visual comfort.
The building façade is created using the bubble-like proprieties of energy reduction and catching sunlight which is used for naturally heating the pool water.
Table 2comparitive analysis of case studies
→
→
39 | P a g e
Figure 45approach to biomimicry
Figure 46 biomimic design of building skin
STEPS
PROCESS TITLES
STUDY TO BE DONE
ACTIVE EDUCATION METHOD
STEP 1
SUBJECT DESCRIPTION
Description and visual presentations about biomimicry
Description and visual presentation
STEP2
LITERATURE RESEARCH
Searching biomimicry and biomimicry in architecture
Problem solving
STEP3
ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCH
Analyzing architectural structures that have been shaped by nature in terms of form, texture, material, function, and construction.
Analysis Method
40 | P a g e
STEP4
INSPECTION AND ARGUMENT
Argument of research and analyses in a lesson with brainstorming method.
Argument Method (Brain Storming)
STEP5
DESIGN
Inferring from a sea creature chosen by the student after research and design. Using certain characteristics of a sea creature, such as form, texture, material, function, and structure, to design an architectural structure.
Analogy Method
STEP6
PRESENTATION
Presentation of formed design to other students
Cooperative Method
Table 3steps to design building using biomimicry
•
•
•
•
Table 4 Aspects of design
Aspects
Suggestions
Concept
Studying the biology of different animal/plant species or finding a specific species that works in a particular direction according to your concept. The inspiration does not have to be a living being it can be any other natural occurring shapes or object. For ex: water bubbles used in the water cube.
Approach
Approach to the biomimicry can be both direct and indirect while following the design looking into the biology or biology influencing the design
41 | P a g e
Principle
Principle of design while be based on your approach such as sustainable, Nature fits form to function, Nature rewards cooperation, Nature banks on diversity, Isolation of indoor and outdoor environment, natural light, and ventilation.
Material
New sustainable materials are preferred as the can be modified according to the building form and design. Materials like glulam (glued laminates), ETFE sheets are used regularly.
Level
Understanding at what level of biomimicry (organism, behaviors, ecosystem) are you working is very important as it will help you determine and list out the details and functions you can and have in your design.
Sustainability
Sustainability in project is achieved when the full use of the inspiration you took is done as in using its properties of either ventilation, lighting, or any other function that inspiration is specified for. For ex: the water box project water bubble is used to bring in natural light and trapping the sun's heat to warm the water.
Aldred, J. (2010). Burj Khalifa - A new high for high- Performance concretej. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Civil Engineering, 163(2), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1680/cien.2010.163.2.66 Amy Coffman Phillips. (2015). No Title. 9 Benefits of Blending Biomimicry and the Built Environment. https://www.greenbiz.com/article/9-benefits-blending-biomimicry-and-built-environment Greenfield, M. (1996). Project: eastgate. JAKE BUEHLER. (2015). A Real Drage. Mercedes-Benz Modeled a Car on the Boxfish. Only It Completely Misunderstood the Boxfish. https://slate.com/technology/2015/03/mercedes-benz-bionic-car-boxfish-stability-and-agilityparadox-finally-solved.html 42 | P a g e
Merhan, E., & Mohammed, M. (2014). Biomimicry Levels as an Approach to The Architectural Sustainability. Port-Said Engineering Research Journal, 18(2), 117–125. https://doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2014.45298 Michael Pawlyn. (2016). No Title. How Biomimicry Can Be Applied to Architecture. https://www.ft.com/content/e2041a1e-0d32-11e6-b41f-0beb7e589515 Radwan, G. A. N., & Osama, N. (2016). Biomimicry, an Approach, for Energy Effecient Building Skin Design. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 34, 178–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.04.017 Visser, W., & Benyus, J. M. (2013). Biomimicry. The Top 50 Sustainability Books, 104–107. https://doi.org/10.9774/gleaf.978-1-907643-44-6_23 WIKIPEDIA. (n.d.). No Title. BIOMORPHISM. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomorphism
43 | P a g e
