Karim Alaa Tolba - Final Submisson Book by Karim Mandor

Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering Architecture Department 4th Year Architecture 2020-2021

Egypt's Future

Cultural Center Nile Corniche - Downtown Cairo

Submitted by:

Karim Alaa Tolba UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT, ASU, FEDA 4th YEAR ARCHITECTURE 2020-2021

A Report Submitted as a Partial Requirement of Graduation Project Fulfillment

Supervised by:

Dr. Ahmed Iraqi Eng. Menna Ali

Introduction

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Why Tourism 1.1.1 What is Tourism..? the act and process of spending time away from home in pursuit of recreation, relaxation, and pleasure, while making use of the commercial provision of services. As such, tourism is a product of modern social arrangements, beginning in western Europe in the 17th century, although it has antecedents in Classical antiquity.

Figure 1.1: What is Tourism

1.1.2 Types of Tourism.. • • • • •

Adventure Tourism Business Tourism Cultural Tourism Educational Tourism Recreational Tourism

• • • • •

Nature Tourism Religious Tourism Medical Or Health Tourism Historical Tourism Leisure Tourism Figure 1.2: types of Tourism

1.1.3 Why Tourism is Important to Egypt..? It is one of the leading sources of income, crucial to Egypt's economy. At its peak in 2010, the sector employed about 12% of workforce of Egypt, serving approximately 14.7 million visitors to Egypt, and providing revenues of nearly $12.5 billion as well as contributing more than 11% of GDP and 14.4% of foreign currency revenues.

Figure 1.3: Egypt sources of income

1.1.4Types of Tourism in Egypt.. • • • • •

Cultural Tourism Leisure Tourism Medical Or Health Tourism Educational Tourism Religious Tourism Figure 1.4: Number of tourists from 2010 to 2019

Figure 1.5: Abu Simbel Temple

Page

Figure 1.6: Medical Tourism

Figure 1.7: Cultural Tourism

Figure 1.8: Diving in the Red Sea

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

1.0 Introduction 1.2 Egypt’s Vision 1.2.1 Egypt's Vision 2030 Egypt Vision 2030 is a national agenda launched in February 2016 that reflects the state’s long-term strategic plan to achieve sustainable development principles and objectives in all areas. The vision will be adopted by the various Egyptian state agencies. Egypt Vision 2030 is based on the principles of comprehensive sustainable development and balanced regional development. Egypt Vision 2030 reflects the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Vision Objectives: • • • • • • • •

Improving the quality of life and standard of living of the Egyptian citizens Justice, social inclusion and engagement Competitive and diversified economy Knowledge, innovation and scientific research Integrated and sustainable ecosystem Governance of state and community institutions Egyptian peace and security Strengthening Egyptian leadership

Justice & Equality

Figure 1.9: 2030 vision

Figure 1.10: New Capital Plan

Figure 1.11: New Grand Museum

Figure 1.12: The Iconic Tower - New Capital

1.2.2 Egypt's Vision 2050 In 2050, Egypt would become an advanced country (economically and socially) and acts effectively on the regional and international level. Vision Objectives: • • • • • • • •

Raise quality of life standards to become one of the best 30 countries around the world Raise human development standards Raise quality of the Egyptian production (Made in Egypt). Reach higher rates in sustainable economic development. Achieve social equity (between different segments of society). Enhance the benefit of Egypt’s geographical location and its natural potentials. Build an integrated society in which all can enjoy the rights of citizenship Maximize the effectiveness of Egypt’s regional role on the Arab, Islamic, and African level.

Figure 1.14: Cairo 2050

III Page

Figure 1.15: Giza 2050

Figure 1.13: 2050 vision logo

Figure 1.16: Cairo 2050

1.0 Introduction

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

1.2 Egypt’s Vision 1.2.3 Cairo Development Plans

Figure 1.17: Cairo Development Plan 2020

Figure 1.18: Cairo Development Plan 2030

Figure 1.19: Cairo Development Plan 2040

Figure 1.20: Cairo Development Plan 2050

1.2.4 Cairo Downtown Development Plan •

Cairo Corniche development

•

Increase the green areas

•

Re-planning streets and squares

•

Transforming some streets into pedestrian paths.

•

Establishing a number of underground multi-story garages

•

The Nile Corniche turned into an administrative commercial spot.

•

Relying on clean energy to reduce pollution

Figure 1.21: Cairo Downtown Development Plan

Figure 1.22: Cairo Downtown Development Concept

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Why Tourism 1.1.1 What is Tourism 1.1.2 Types of Tourism 1.1.3 Why Tourism is Important to Egypt 1.1.4 Types of Tourism in Egypt 1.2 Egypt Vision 1.2.1 Egypt's Vision 2030 1.2.2 Egypt's Vision 2050 1.2.3 Cairo Development Plans 1.2.4 Cairo Downtown Development Plan 2.0 Table of Contents 3.0 List of Figures 4.0 Executive Report 5.0 Site Selection 5.1 Location 5.2 Site Selection 6.0 Site Analysis 6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.1 Nearby Landmarks 6.1.2 Urban Fabric Developments and Urban History 6.1.3 Sociocultural Aspects 6.1.4 Demographic Studies 6.1.4.1 Population rate 6.1.4.2 Age And Gender Structure Of Population 6.1.4.3 Educational status 6.1.4.4 Marital Status. 6.1.5 Natural Features 6.1.5.1 Soil Type 6.1.5.2 Contour & Topography 6.1.5.3 Elevation profiles 6.1.6 Climate 6.1.7 Solar Angles 6.1.8 Base Map 6.1.9 Cairo City Districts 6.1.10 Circulation & Accessibility 6.1.11 Transportation 6.2 Micro Analysis 6.2.1 Nearby Landmarks 6.2.2 Land Uses 3.2.3 Buildings Conditions 6.2.4 Buildings Heights 6.2.5 Circulation & Accessibility 6.2.6 Architecture Styles 6.2.6.1 Khedivial Cairo 6.2.6.2 Modern Cairo

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

I II II II II III III III III IV IV V VIII 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 21

Table of Contents 6.2.7 Future Development Plans 6.2.7.1 Downtown Development 6.2.7.2 Nile Corniche Development 6.2.7.3 Development of The Maspero Triangle 6.2.7.4 Cairo Eye 6.2.8 Climate 6.2.9 Elevation Profiles 6.2.10 SWOT Analyses 6.2.10.1 Strengths 6.2.10.2 Weakness 6.2.10.3 Opportunities 6.2.10.4 Threats 7.0 Case Studies 7.1 Shou County Culture and Art Center 7.2 Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 7.3 Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 8.0 Design Guidelines 8.1 Offices 8.2 Shops & Retail 8.3 Auditorium 8.4 Garages 9.0 Architectural Program 9.1 Problem Definition 9.2 Vision and Objective 9.3 Space Program 10.0 Architectural Concept 10.1 Contextual Architecture 10.2 Philosophy 10.3 Concept 10.4 Form Generation 10.5 Site Conclusion 10.6 Studies 11.0 Design Development 11.1 Second Sketch 11.2 Third Sketch 12.0 Final Product 13.0 Conclusion 13.1 Lesson Learned 13.2 Recommendations 14.0 Bibliography

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

22 22 23 23 23 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 27 28 32 37 40 41 49 51 52 53 54 54 55 56 57 57 57 58 58 58 61 62 64 70 76 77 77 78

List of Figures

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

List of Figures

Page

Figure

Name

Page

Figure 1.1

What is Tourism

Figure 1.2

Types of Tourism

Figure 1.3

Egypt sources of income

Figure 1.4

Number of tourists from 2010 to 2019

Figure 1.5

Abu Simbel Temple

Figure 1.6

Medical Tourism

Figure 1.7

Cultural Tourism

Figure 1.8

Diving in the Red Sea

Figure 1.9

2030 vision

Figure 1.10

New Capital Plan

Figure 1.11

New Grand Museum

Figure 1.12

The Iconic Tower - New Capital

Figure 1.13

2050 vision logo

Figure 1.14

Cairo 2050

Figure 1.15

Giza 2050

Figure 1.16

Cairo 2050

Figure 1.17

Cairo Development Plan 2020

Figure 1.18

Cairo Development Plan 2030

Figure 1.19

Cairo Development Plan 2040

Figure 1.20

Cairo Development Plan 2050

Figure 1.21

Cairo Downtown Development Plan

Figure 1.22

Cairo Downtown Development Concept

Figure 2.1

Location

Figure 2.2

Site Selection

Figure 2.3

Location value

Figure 2.4

Nearby Landmarks

Figure 2.5

Historic Landmarks

Figure 2.6

Sociocultural Landmarks

Figure 2.7

1904 Map

Figure 2.8

1920 Map

Figure 2.9

1933 Map

Figure 2.10

1940 Map

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

List of Figures

Page

Figure

Name

Page

Figure 2.11

1951 Map

Figure 2.12

1958 Map

Figure 2.13

Urban Fabric

Figure 2.14

The Egyptian Museum

Figure 2.15

Al-Tahrir Square

Figure 2.16

Cairo Tower

Figure 2.17

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Figure 2.18

Cairo Opera House

Figure 2.19

League of Arab States

Figure 2.20

Ramses Hilton Hotel

Figure 2.21

Egypt Population

Figure 2.22

Growth of Population

Figure 2.23

Future Population

Figure 2.24

Cairo Population 2021

Figure 2.25

Age And Gender Structure Of Population

Figure 2.26

Educational status

Figure 2.27

Marital Status

Figure 2.28

Soil Type

Figure 2.29

Contour & Topography

Figure 2.30

Contour & Topography

Figure 2.31

Elevation profiles

Figure 2.32

Path 1

Figure 2.33

Path 2

Figure 2.34

Path 3

Figure 2.35

Path 4

Figure 2.36

Path 5

Figure 2.37

Path 6

Figure 2.38

Temperature Range

Figure 2.39

Sky coverage range

Figure 2.40

Wind Rose

Figure 2.41

Wind Speed

Figure 2.42

Solar Radiation

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

List of Figures

Page

Figure

Name

Page

Figure 2.43

Average Humidity

Figure 2.44

Sun Shading Chart

Figure 2.45

Average Amount of Precipitation

Figure 2.46

Autumn fall

Figure 2.47

Summer solstice

Figure 2.48

Spring equinox

Figure 2.49

Winter solstice

Figure 2.50

Base Map

Figure 2.51

Cairo City Districts

Figure 2.52

Circulation & Accessibility

Figure 2.53

Transportation

Figure 2.54

Nearby Landmarks

Figure 2.55

Nearby Landmarks

Figure 2.56

Land Uses

Figure 2.57

Buildings Conditions

Figure 2.58

Buildings Heights

Figure 2.59

Circulation & Accessibility

Figure 2.60

Khedivial Cairo 1

Figure 2.61

Khedivial Cairo 2

Figure 2.62

Khedivial Cairo 3

Figure 2.63

Khedivial Cairo 4

Figure 2.64

Khedivial Cairo 5

Figure 2.65

Modern Cairo 1

Figure 2.66

Modern Cairo 2

Figure 2.67

Downtown Development Plan

Figure 2.68

Downtown Future vision 1

Figure 2.69

Downtown Future vision 2

Figure 2.70

Nile Corniche Development 1

Figure 2.71

Nile Corniche Development 2

Figure 2.72

Development of The Maspero Triangle

Figure 2.73

Maspero Triangle Plan

Figure 2.74

Cairo Eye

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

List of Figures

XII Page

Figure

Name

Page

Figure 2.75

Climate

Figure 2.76

Elevation Profile 1

Figure 2.77

Elevation Profile 2

Figure 2.78

Elevation Profile 3

Figure 2.79

Elevation Profile 4

Figure 2.80

Strengths

Figure 2.81

Weakness

Figure 2.82

Opportunities

Figure 2.83

Threats

Figure 4.1

Self Healing Concrete Sample

Figure 4.2

Self Healing Concrete

Figure 4.3

Power Generating Glass

Figure 4.4

Nanomaterials

Figure 4.5

Nano Coating

Figure 4.6

Hydro-Ceramic 1

Figure 4.7

Hydro-Ceramic 2

Figure 4.8

Pollution Absorbing Bricks 1

Figure 4.9

Pollution Absorbing Bricks 2

Figure 4.10

Raised Access Flooring 1

Figure 4.11

Raised Access Flooring 2

Figure 4.12

Raised Access Flooring 3

Figure 4.13

Kinetic Footfall Energy Harvesting 1

Figure 4.14

Kinetic Footfall Energy Harvesting 2

Figure 4.15

Kinetic Footfall Energy Harvesting 3

Figure 4.16

3D Printed Buildings 1

Figure 4.17

3D Printed Buildings 2

Figure 4.18

3D Printed Buildings 3

Figure 4.19

3D Printed Buildings 4

Figure 4.20

Precast Flat Panel System 1

Figure 4.21

Precast Flat Panel System 2

Figure 4.22

Precast Flat Panel System 3

Figure 5.1

Shou County Culture and Art Center 1

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

List of Figures

XIII Page

Figure

Name

Page

Figure 5.2

Shou County Culture and Art Center 2

Figure 5.3

Shou County Culture and Art Center 3

Figure 5.4

Shou County Culture and Art Center 4

Figure 5.5

Shou County Culture and Art Center 5

Figure 5.6

Shou County Culture and Art Center 6

Figure 5.7

Shou County Culture and Art Center 7

Figure 5.8

Shou County Culture and Art Center 8

Figure 5.9

Shou County Culture and Art Center 9

Figure 5.10

Shou County Culture and Art Center 10

Figure 5.11

Shou County Culture and Art Center 11

Figure 5.12

Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 1

Figure 5.13

Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 2

Figure 5.14

Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 3

Figure 5.15

Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 4

Figure 5.16

Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 5

Figure 5.17

Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 6

Figure 5.18

Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 7

Figure 5.19

Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 8

Figure 5.20

Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 9

Figure 5.21

Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 10

Figure 5.22

Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 11

Figure 5.23

Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 12

Figure 5.24

Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 1

Figure 5.25

Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 2

Figure 5.26

Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 3

Figure 5.27

Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 4

Figure 5.28

Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 5

Figure 5.29

Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 6

Figure 5.30

Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 7

Figure 6.1

Design Guidelines - Offices 1

Figure 6.2

Design Guidelines - Offices 2

Figure 6.3

Design Guidelines - Offices 3

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

List of Figures

XIV Page

Figure

Name

Page

Figure 6.4

Design Guidelines - Offices 4

Figure 6.5

Design Guidelines - Offices 5

Figure 6.6

Design Guidelines - Offices 6

Figure 6.7

Design Guidelines - Offices 7

Figure 6.8

Design Guidelines - Offices 8

Figure 6.9

Design Guidelines - Offices 9

Figure 6.10

Design Guidelines - Offices 10

Figure 6.11

Design Guidelines - Offices 11

Figure 6.12

Design Guidelines - Offices 12

Figure 6.13

Design Guidelines - Offices 13

Figure 6.14

Design Guidelines - Offices 14

Figure 6.15

Design Guidelines - Offices 15

Figure 6.16

Design Guidelines - Offices 16

Figure 6.17

Design Guidelines - Offices 17

Figure 6.18

Design Guidelines - Offices 18

Figure 6.19

Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 1

Figure 6.20

Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 2

Figure 6.21

Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 3

Figure 6.22

Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 4

Figure 6.23

Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 5

Figure 6.24

Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 6

Figure 6.25

Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 7

Figure 6.26

Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 8

Figure 6.27

Design Guidelines - Garages 1

Figure 6.28

Design Guidelines - Garages 2

Figure 6.29

Design Guidelines - Garages 3

Figure 6.30

Design Guidelines - Garages 4

Figure 6.31

Design Guidelines - Garages 5

Figure 6.32

Design Guidelines - Garages 6

Figure 7.1

Problem Definition 1

Figure 7.2

Problem Definition 2

Figure 7.3

Problem Definition 3

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

List of Figures

XV Page

Figure

Name

Page

Figure 7.4

Problem Definition 4

Figure 7.5

Problem Definition 5

Figure 7.6

Problem Definition 6

Figure 7.7

Problem Definition 7

Figure 8.1

Conclusion 1

Figure 8.2

Conclusion 2

Figure 8.3

Conclusion 3

Figure 8.4

Conclusion 4

Figure 8.

Conclusion 5

Figure 8.

Conclusion 6

Figure 8.

Conclusion 7

Figure 8.

Conclusion 8

Figure 8.

Conclusion 9

Figure 8.

Conclusion 10

Figure 8.

Conclusion 11

Figure 8.

Conclusion 12

Figure 8.

Conclusion 13

Figure 8.

Conclusion 14

Figure 8.

Conclusion 15

Figure 8.

Conclusion 16

Figure 8.

Conclusion 17

Figure 8.

Conclusion 18

Figure 8.

Conclusion 19

Figure 8.

Conclusion 20

Figure 8.

Conclusion 21

Figure 8.

Conclusion 22

Figure 8.

Conclusion 23

Figure 8.

Conclusion 24

Figure 8.

Conclusion 25

Figure 8.

Conclusion 26

Executive Report

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

4.0 Executive Report This is a report submitted as a partial requirement of Graduation Project Fulfilment, and it provides an analysis of the design process through the project starting from the site analysis till the design development and final Product. It contains a summary of all the studied data, all the researches done and all the previous assignments that contributed to the production of the final product.

4.1 RESEARCH & STUDIES The research process started with the gathering of all the needed data about the site, its potential, the studying of the site analysis to create a SWOT Analysis. Studying the surrounding context and whether it will affect the design theme & concept or not. Then gathering data about site climate and analyzing it on site to see effect on orientation decisions. Studying similar projects analyzing them for notes on taken decisions. To set a space program of the whole project.

1.4 DESIGN PROGRESS The concept phase was followed by setting the project plans studying each function and heir relationships within the project along with its requirements. This led to a landscape design and an outdoor zoning to complement the indoor spaces.

1.5 KEY RECOMENDATIONS The project needed to connected with multiple points of in the surrounding thus complementing the new upgrades and renovations already thus paving the way for further plans in the future cultural capital of Cairo.

4.2 RESEARCH & STUDY CONCLUSIONS After gathering and analyzing the studies. A propose draft space program along with vision and objectives required from the project. This helped in laying the starting ground for a schematic 2D-zoning and a Conceptual Form

4.3 DESIGN APPROACH After several trials on a conceptual 3D Model, the resulted form led to new idea and form of thinking that created a masterplan and by the programmatic concepts where used to add the final touches on orientation and space hierarchy. The programmatic concepts had a huge effect on the project was mainly contextual and the forces that gave shape to the mass where from the surrounding context.

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1.6 CONCLUSION As the country is heading towards a new era a conclusion is needed for not only the future generations but us when we look back on our history. A conclusion is needed for this book from the series of history Egyptians go through.

Site Selection ➢ Location ➢ Site Selection

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

5.0 Site Selection 5.1 Location

It is located in: Western of Cairo in north of Egypt • •

31’14’19.68” E

30’02’40.20” N

Latitude 30’02’40.20” N Longitude 31’14’19.68” E

Figure 2.1: Location

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

5.0 Site Selection 5.2 Site Selection

Figure 2.2: Site Selection

Figure 2.3: Location value

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Site Analysis ➢ Macro Analysis ➢ Micro Analysis

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.1 Nearby Landmarks

1. The Egyptian Museum 2. Al-Tahrir Square 3. Cairo Tower 4. Mohamed Ali Mosque 5. Grand Nile Tower 6. Four Seasons Hotel

1 7

7. Cairo Nile Fountain 8. Abdeen Royal Palace

9. League of Arab States

10. Ramses Hilton

11. Maspiro

12. Cairo Opera House

13. Cairo University

17. Fairmont Nile City Hotel

18. Cairo Train Station

20. Al-Azhar Mosque 21. Sofitel Cairo Nile 22. Aisha Fahmy Palace Figure 2.4: Nearby Landmarks

Page

16. Al-Moez St.

15. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

19. Giza Zoo

14 2

14. Nile Ritz Hotel

16 1

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.1 Nearby Landmarks

Figure 2.5: Historic Landmarks

Figure 2.6: Sociocultural Landmarks

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.2 Urban Fabric Developments and Urban History

1920

Figure 2.7: 1904 Map

The development of the military zone in the area and the urban spaces in Al-Zamalek Island

Figure 2.8: 1933 Map

1904

1933

The beginning of mapping of modern downtown Cairo with and its development on the Ismailia Canal.

Expanding Cairo downtown to the south in the direction of Helwan Governorate

Figure 2.9: 1920 Map

1951 Developing Cairo downtown and converting it into a commercial residential neighborhood Figure 2.12: 1958 Map

1958

1940

The layout of the axles of the main movement of vehicles and pedestrians to the now commonplace

Expanding in the direction of west, east and south and developing of downtown

Figure 2.11: 1951 Map

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Figure 2.10: 1940 Map

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.2 Urban Fabric Developments and Urban History

Figure 2.13: Urban Fabric

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6.0 Site Analysis

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.3 Sociocultural Aspects The land is located in the heart of Khedive Cairo, surrounded by many cultural, social and religious landmarks.Therefore it is considered a distinctive land rich in cultural and historical heritage, as it surrounds it from beacons of art, culture and modernity. •

•

The Egyptian Museum It is considered one of the most important and oldest museums in the world, it was established in 1835 and its official opening was in 1902, and it includes more than 180 thousand artifacts and the museum now includes the greatest archaeological collection in the world that expresses all stages of ancient Egyptian history.

Al-Tahrir Square It is the largest and most famous square in Cairo. It was built in the era of Khedive Ismail to be similar to the Champs-Elysees square in Paris, then it was named Al-Tahrir Square after the independence from colonialism after the 1919 revolution, It is also considered a symbol of liberation in the modern era after 25th of January 2011 revolution.

•

Figure 2.14: The Egyptian Museum

Figure 2.15: Al-Tahrir Square

Cairo Tower It is a symbol & a landmark of Cairo city, and the highest building in it (187 meters long), it was built in 1956 during the era of former President Gamal Abdel Nasser and was completed in 1961 and its design is inspired by the lotus flower sacred to the ancient Egyptians Figure 2.16: Cairo Tower

•

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

It is the ministry responsible for Egypt's foreign relations, expressing Egyptian foreign policy, and protecting the interests of the Egyptian state and the interests of Egyptian citizens abroad, The building was built in 1992, with a length of 143 meters, divided into 39 floors Figure 2.17: Ministry of Foreign Affairs

•

Cairo Opera House It is considered a cultural, heritage and artistic center, a platform for displaying different arts. It was established in 1988 in the modern Islamic style to be an alternative to the Khedive Opera that burned down in 1971. Figure 2.18: Cairo Opera House

•

League of Arab States The headquarters of the League of Arab States in which the Arab summits are held, and decisions concerning the Arab world are taken. Its location in Cairo indicates Egypt's leadership in the Arab world and globally. Figure 2.19: League of Arab States

•

Ramses Hilton Hotel The headquarters of the League of Arab States in which the Arab summits are held, and decisions concerning the Arab world are taken. Its location in Cairo indicates Egypt's leadership in the Arab world and globally. Figure 2.20: Ramses Hilton Hotel

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.4 Demographic Studies 6.1.4.1 Population rate • The population of Egypt is increasing at a rapid rate. • Precisely in Greater Cairo because it is the capital. • The government is working to educate citizens about birth control

Figure 2.21: Egypt Population

Figure 2.22: Growth of Population

• The Cairo population is expected to reach 25 million in 2030

Figure 2.23: future population

Figure 2.24: Cairo population 2021

6.1.4.2 Age And Gender Structure Of Population • It affects the developing policies, economics, social plans, the size of labor force and dependency burden. • The bottom of the pyramid represents 20.11% of the total population • The body of the pyramid represents 66.9% of the total population, from 15 to 60 age groups. • The top of the pyramid represents 12.98% of the total population, age of 60 and above. Figure 2.25: Age And Gender Structure Of Population

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.4 Demographic Studies 6.1.4.3 Educational status • Educational status of population is one of the main criteria that determine social and cultural level of the community. • It help in identifying the development priorities of the area. • They need more focusing on Educational and cultural awareness.

Illiterate Writes and Reads without qualifications Preparatory Education Secondary Education University Graduate Post Graduate Other

Figure 2.26: Educational status

6.1.4.4 Marital Status • It reflects that the percentage of unmarried population is relatively high, This is attributed to the Financial Burdens of Marriage fall upon males. • It is evident how the economic status affects the percentage of unmarried population.

Married Single Divorced Widower

6.1.5 Natural Features 3.1.5.1 Soil Type

Figure 2.27: Marital Status

Soil Type: Based on the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, main Egyptian soil located in lower Egypt zone is Fluvisol soil. •

Created by deposits of sediments formed from the Nile’s historical seasonal flooding.

•

Texture of soil: fine texture of Loamy clay (ranges from coarse sand to heavy clay)

•

The presence of alluvial deposits means that the soil conditions are poor and require the construction of a raft foundation, or deep pile foundations.

Gravels & Gravelly sand

soils

Nile silt Figure 2.28: Soil Type

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.5 Natural Features 6.1.5.2 Contour & Topography

Figure 2.29: Contour & Topography

Figure 2.30: Contour & Topography

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.5 Natural Features 6.1.5.3 Elevation profiles

Figure 2.31: Elevation profiles

Path

Figure 2.32: Path 1

Path

Figure 2.34: Path 3

Figure 2.33: Path 2

Path

Figure 2.35: Path 4

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Path

Figure 2.36: Path 5

Figure 2.37: Path 6

6.0 Site Analysis

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.6 Climate Figure 2.38: Temperature Range

Need cooling in summer& Heating in winter

Figure 2.40: Wind Rose

Prevailing wind coming from north

Pv cells can be used

Figure 2.41: Wind Speed

Average wind speed =3.2 m/s Wind turbines can not be used

Figure 2.42: Solar Radiation

Figure 2.43: Average Humidity

Mean annual direct solar radiation 290 wh/sqm Used in solar panels design

Annual relative humidity 55.1 % Within the comfort zone

Figure 2.44: Sun Shading Chart

Prevailing wind coming from north

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Figure 2.39: Sky coverage range

Figure 2.45: Average Amount of Precipitation

The average amount of annual precipitation is 25.0 mm

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.7 Solar Angles Autumn fall

Figure 2.46: Autumn fall

Summer solstice

Spring equinox Figure 2.47: Summer solstice

Figure 2.48: Spring equinox

Winter solstice

Figure 2.49: Winter solstice

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.8 Base Map

Figure 2.50: Base Map

6.1.9 Cairo City Districts

Figure 2.51: Cairo City Districts

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.1 Macro Analysis 6.1.10 Circulation & Accessibility

Main axis movement axis Secondary movement axis

6.1.11 Transportation

Figure 2.52: Circulation & Accessibility

Figure 2.53: Transportation

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.2 Micro Analysis 6.2.1 Nearby Landmarks Gezira Sporting Club

Ramses Hilton Hotel

The Egyptian Museum Zamalek tree Cairo Tower The Nile Ritz Carlton Hotel Al-Ahly sporting club

Novotel Cairo El Borg

Museum Of Modern Cairo Egyptian Art Al-Horeia Park Opera House

Al-Tahrir Square

League Of Arab States

Intercontinental Cairo Semiramis

Cairo International Center For Conflict Resolution

Al-Tahrir Government Complex

Figure 2.54: Nearby Landmarks

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

The Egyptian Museum Nile Ritz Hotel League Of Arab States Cairo International Center For Conflict Resolution Intercontinental Cairo Semiramis Al- Tahrir Government Complex Al-Tahrir Square City View Hostel Cleopatra Hotel Steigenberger Hotel Al-Tahrir Hotel Franciscan Nuns School Ramses Hilton Hotel Cairo Tower Novotel Cairo El Borg Hotel Cairo Opera House

10 9

4 5

Figure 2.55: Nearby Landmarks

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.2 Micro Analysis 6.2.2 Land Uses Tourist Hotels Residential Commercial Governmental Educational Religious Greens & Clubs

Figure 2.56: Land Uses

6.2.3 Buildings Conditions Very Good Good Bad Very Bad

Figure 2.57: Buildings Conditions

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6.0 Site Analysis 6.2 Micro Analysis 6.2.4 Buildings Heights 0m to 30m 30 to 50m 50m to 70m More than 70m

Figure 2.58: Buildings Heights

6.2.5 Circulation & Accessibility Main Road Secondary Road Metro Station

6th of October Bridge

Meret Basha St.

Bus Station

Wasim Hasan St.

Figure 2.59: Circulation & Accessibility

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.2 Micro Analysis 6.2.6 Architecture Styles 6.2.6.1 Khedivial Cairo The land of the project is distinguished by its presence next to many architectural masterpieces from the era of the rule of the Ottoman Empire in Egypt. And buildings built by French and English colonists It was designed by: • French • Greeks • Armenians • Italians

Figure 2.60: Khedivial Cairo 1

Figure 2.61: Khedivial Cairo 2

And still the magic of architectural details is present in the heart of Khedivial Cairo, It expresses the heritage of the past and adds value to the future Figure 2.62: Khedivial Cairo 3

Figure 2.63: Khedivial Cairo 4

6.2.6.2 Modern Cairo Because the land is directly on the Nile Corniche, it also made it close to modern high-rise buildings built in modern ways to be a frontage to Egypt first before Cairo in particular Buildings that express the development of modern Egypt and dazzle the world with its architectural progress.

Figure 2.65: Modern Cairo 1

Buildings like: • Ramses Hilton • Ministry of Foreign Affairs • Cairo Opera House • Cairo Tower Figure 2.66: Modern Cairo 2

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Figure 2.64: Khedivial Cairo 5

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.2 Micro Analysis 6.2.7 Future Development Plans 6.2.7.1 Downtown Development Plan One of the most important proposed projects that will be implemented in the coming period is a plan to fully develop the Cairo Downtown district. This will be done by expanding the current squares, creating others, and increasing the green areas. Figure 2.67: Downtown Development Plan

And the development of the main movement axes in the neighborhood to solve the problems of traffic congestion and divert side streets or footpaths to reduce traffic congestion All while preserving the neighborhood's antique architecture.

Figure 2.68: Downtown Future vision 1

And transforming Al-Tahrir Square into a giant pedestrian yard, and increasing afforestation in it. And make it a tourist attraction and open park.

Figure 2.69: Downtown Future vision 2

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6.0 Site Analysis 6.2 Micro Analysis 6.2.7 Future Development Plans 6.2.7.2 Nile Corniche Development One of the most important current projects is the development of the Cairo Corniche, the implementation of which has already begun And its importance lies in the fact that it is considered a front for Egypt to the world, so the government’s decision was to start developing the entire Corniche and turning it into an entertaining place for the whole family.

Figure 2.70: Nile Corniche Development 1

The plan of the project was to increase green areas and seating places, remove random street vendors, and place stalls for them in fixed places licensed and monitored by the government.

6.2.7.3 Development of The Maspero Triangle Among the projects that have already started several years ago is the development of the Maspero Triangle, the removal of the slums in it, and the re-housing of the people after the completion of the development work. Transforming the area into a commercial, investment and entertainment center in the heart of the capital

Figure 2.71: Nile Corniche Development 2

Figure 2.72: Development of The Maspero Triangle

6.2.7.4 Cairo Eye Of the proposed projects to be implemented in the future, to be a tourist, entertainment and investment attraction. Through its distinguished location on Zamalek Island, in front of the Cairo Tower, directly overlooking the Nile Figure 2.74: Cairo Eye

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Figure 2.73: Maspero Triangle plan

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.2 Micro Analysis 6.2.8 Climate The weather in general is temperate Warm, rainy in winter Hot, dry in summer Wind direction • • • • • •

Heating in winter is needed Cooling in summer is needed Solar panels can be used Shade is needed Rainwater harvesting Wind turbines can’t be used

Wind rose

Sun path Figure 2.75: Climate

6.2.9 Elevation Profiles

24 Page

Figure 2.76: Elevation Profile 1

Figure 2.77: Elevation Profile 2

Figure 2.78: Elevation Profile 3

Figure 2.79: Elevation Profile 4

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

6.0 Site Analysis 6.2 Micro Analysis 6.2.9 SWOT Analyses

Figure 2.80: Strengths

Figure 2.81: Weakness

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6.0 Site Analysis 6.2 Micro Analysis 6.2.9 SWOT Analyses

Figure 2.82: Opportunities

Figure 2.83: Threats

26 Page

Case Studies ➢ Shou County Culture and Art Center ➢ Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex ➢ Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

7.0 Case Studies 7.1 Shou County Culture and Art Center

Figure 7.1: Shou County Culture and Art Center 1

Located in: SHOU COUNTY, CHINA Area: 30010 m² Design: Studio Zhu-Pei Year: 2019

Figure 7.2: Shou County Culture and Art Center 2

Figure 7.3: Shou County Culture and Art Center 3

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

7.0 Case Studies 7.1 Shou County Culture and Art Center

Figure 7.4: Shou County Culture and Art Center 4

Figure 7.6: Shou County Culture and Art Center 6

Figure 7.5: Shou County Culture and Art Center 5

29 Page

7.0 Case Studies 7.1 Shou County Culture and Art Center

Figure 7.7: Shou County Culture and Art Center 7

Figure 7.8: Shou County Culture and Art Center 8

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

7.0 Case Studies 7.1 Shou County Culture and Art Center

Figure 7.9: Shou County Culture and Art Center 9

Figure 7.10: Shou County Culture and Art Center 10

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

7.0 Case Studies 7.2 Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex

Located in:Dongjak-gu, Seoul, South Korea

Figure 5.12: Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 1

Area: 14,000 m² Design: Dongjak-Gu Office This complex mixed-use building in Seoul was meant to be the new house of the district council, its annex offices, replacement for the existing street market, and retrofit of the existing building to healthcare and cultural welfare centers.

Figure 5.13: Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 2

The imaginary image of the project was that this Complex as a mini-city in its own rights. designed as a multi-layered porous mass that opens up and integrates to its surrounding neighborhood.

Figure 5.14: Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 3

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

7.0 Case Studies 7.2 Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex

Figure 5.15: Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 4

Administrative Offices Healthcare Center Culture Center Auditorium Council Building Market Daycare Center Maintenance Corporation • Cafes • • • • • • • •

Figure 5.16: Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 5

Offices Planning Figure 5.17: Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 6

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7.0 Case Studies 7.2 Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex

Figure 5.18: Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 7

Figure 5.19: Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 8

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7.0 Case Studies 7.2 Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex

Figure 5.20: Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 9

Figure 5.21: Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 10

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7.0 Case Studies 7.2 Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex

Figure 5.22: Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 11

Figure 5.23: Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex 12

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7.0 Case Studies

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

7.3 Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center

Figure 5.24: Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 1

Located in: Sichuan University CSWADI, ZAD Area: 4100 m² Design: Yong Zheng Year: 2016 Figure 5.25: Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 2

Figure 5.26: Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 3

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7.0 Case Studies

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

7.3 Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center

Figure 5.27: Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 4

Figure 5.28: Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 5

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7.0 Case Studies

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

7.3 Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center

Figure 7.29: Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 6

Figure 7.30: Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 7

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Design Guidelines ➢ Offices ➢ Micro Ayyyyyyyyyynalysis ➢ Garages

8.0 Design Guidelines

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

8.1 Offices

Figure 6.1: Design Guidelines - Offices 1

Figure 6.2: Design Guidelines - Offices 2

41 Page

8.0 Design Guidelines 8.1 Offices

Figure 6.3: Design Guidelines - Offices 3

Figure 6.4: Design Guidelines - Offices 4

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

8.0 Design Guidelines

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

8.1 Offices

Figure 6.5: Design Guidelines - Offices 5

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8.0 Design Guidelines

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

8.1 Offices

Figure 6.6: Design Guidelines - Offices 6

Figure 6.8: Design Guidelines - Offices 8

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Figure 6.7: Design Guidelines - Offices 7

Figure 6.9: Design Guidelines - Offices 9

8.0 Design Guidelines 8.1 Offices

Figure 6.10: Design Guidelines - Offices 10

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8.0 Design Guidelines 8.1 Offices

Figure 6.11: Design Guidelines - Offices 11

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8.0 Design Guidelines

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

8.1 Offices

47 Page

Figure 6.12: Design Guidelines - Offices 12

Figure 6.13: Design Guidelines - Offices 13

Figure 6.14: Design Guidelines - Offices 14

Figure 6.15: Design Guidelines - Offices 15

8.0 Design Guidelines

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

8.1 Offices

Figure 6.16: Design Guidelines - Offices 16

Figure 6.17: Design Guidelines - Offices 17

Figure 6.18: Design Guidelines - Offices 18

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8.0 Design Guidelines

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

8.2 Shops & Retail

Figure 6.19: Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 1

Figure 6.20: Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 2

Figure 6.21: Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 3

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Figure 6.22: Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 4

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

8.0 Design Guidelines 8.2 Shops & Retail

Figure 6.23: Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 5 Figure 6.24: Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 6

Figure 6.25: Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 7

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Figure 6.26: Design Guidelines - Shops & Retail 8

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

8.0 Design Guidelines 8.3 Auditorium

Figure 6.27: Design Guidelines - Auditorium 1

Figure 8.28: Design Guidelines - Auditorium 2

Figure 8.30: Design Guidelines - Auditorium 4

Figure 8.31: Design Guidelines - Auditorium 5 Figure 8.29: Design Guidelines - Auditorium 3

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

8.0 Design Guidelines 8.4 Garages Car parking design standards according to the Egyptian Garage Code: •

The total area of garages below residential and administrative buildings is calculated according to the following rates: ➢ 15 square meters for a car in garages that can accommodate a maximum of 24 cars ➢ 20 square meters for a car in garages that can accommodate a maximum of 49 cars. • ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

A number of car shelters must be provided in residential and administrative buildings according to the following rates: The equivalent of one car housing is allocated for every housing unit with an area not exceeding 200 square meters. The equivalent of a car shelter and a quarter shall be allocated for each housing unit with an area from 200 square meters to 250 square meters. The equivalent of a car and a half shelter space is allocated for each housing unit with an area from 250 square meters to 300 square meters. The equivalent of a place to accommodate two cars is allocated for each housing unit with an area of more than 300 square meters. The equivalent of one car accommodation is allocated for every 100 square meters of the net area of administrative works. Allocates the equivalent of one car accommodation for each hotel housing unit. The equivalent of one car shelter is allocated for every 100 square meters of the total floor space in hospitals

Garage Specifications according to the Egyptian Garage Code: ➢ The net height of any part of the garage should not be less than 2.20 meters. ➢ The exit or entry gate should not be less than 3 meters wide and 2.20 meters high. ➢ If the area of the garage does not exceed 250 square meters, then it has at least one gate, and if its area exceeds 250 square meters, it has at least two gates. ➢ The distance between the nearest two gates' boundaries should not be less than 8 meters, and this distance is measured in a straight line from the inside if the two gates are on two different streets or paths. ➢ If the height or drop of the garage floor exceeds 1.5 meters from the street level, the garage is considered a first floor or basement

Figure 8.32: Design Guidelines - Garages 1

Figure 8.34: Design Guidelines - Garages 3

Figure 8.33: Design Guidelines - Garages 2

Figure 8.35: Design Guidelines - Garages 4

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Figure 8.36: Design Guidelines - Garages 5

Figure 8.37: Design Guidelines - Garages 6

Architectural Program ➢ Problem Definition ➢ Vision and Objectives ➢ Space Program

9.0 Architectural Program 9.1 Problem Definition •

There is no world-class cultural center in the center of Cairo.

•

The need to maintain a cultural, historical identity shapes how our society develops and perhaps play a larger role in the predictability of future development.

•

Spreading the ancient Egyptian civilization benefits Egypt in all fields, supports tourism and the economy, and increases job opportunities.

•

The general direction of the country at present is to support culture, arts and development of the country in various fields, so the presence of the project in that strategic location supports the country's development vision.

9.2 Project Vision Transforming downtown Cairo into a cultural, social and tourism center that spreads urbanization and arts to the whole world.

9.3 Project Objectives •

The project must contain: • • •

Auditorium Exhibitions Seminar Halls

•

Reliance on clean energy, environmental sustainability factors and green architecture.

•

Add a new cultural and technological factor to the region.

•

The project must be iconic and landmark of the region.

•

It must be in line with the cultural, historical and touristic characters of the region.

•

The building is designed in a world-class style with the latest technologies available

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Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

9.0 Architectural Program Function

No. Needed

Person Per Space

Single Space Area (m²)

Cafe

600

Sitting Area

400

Kitchen

Ancillary Storage

120

Offices

Auditorium

60 500

Auditorium Hall

300

450

Backstage

Projection Room

Seminar Hall

150

450

Conference hall

130

Retail Shops

200

Exhibition Hall

250

700

2800

Spatial Events Hall

200

500

Lectures Hall

250

300

W.C

140

Mechanical Room

100

Electrical Room

Generator Room

Loading Dock

400

Services

Parking

1500 Figure 8.5: Conclusion 5

55 Page

Total Area Needed (m²)

Architectural Concept ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

Contextual Architecture Philosophy Concept Site Conclusion Form Generation Studies

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

10.0 Architectural Concept 10.1 Concept History is known and cannot be changed like a straight line, but the future is unknown and unpredictable and it changes according to the present...

Past Present

Figure 10.1: Conclusion 1

Future Figure 10.2: Conclusion 2

Sharp, intersecting lines express the future

Figure 10.3: Conclusion 3

Figure 10.4: Moodboard

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10.0 Architectural Concept Site is located in: • • • • •

the western district of the Cairo governorate Bordered by the Nile corniche on the western side The Egyptian Museum on the eastern side 6th of October Bridge on the northern side The Nile Ritz Hotel on the southern side

Location Value: • • • • •

58 Page

In the middle of Cairo downtown. It overlooks the Nile, Cairo tower and Zamalek Island. Around it a group of famous hotels, which increases its investment value. Next to the Egyptian Museum, which adds value to the land. Near to many sociocultural landmarks such as Cairo Opera House & Islamic Ceramics Museum.

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

10.0 Architectural Concept

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

Ground Floor Circulation & Entrances

First Floor Circulation Land Entrances

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Vertical Circulation

10.0 Architectural Concept

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

Radiation Analysis

Sunlight Hours Analysis

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Design Development ➢ Second Sketch ➢ Third Sketch

11.0 Design Development 11.1 Second Sketch

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11.0 Design Development 11.1 Second Sketch

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11.0 Design Development 11.2 Third Sketch

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11.0 Design Development 11.2 Third Sketch

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11.0 Design Development 11.2 Third Sketch

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11.0 Design Development 11.2 Third Sketch

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11.0 Design Development 11.2 Third Sketch

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11.0 Design Development 11.2 Third Sketch

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Final Product

12.0 Final Product

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12.0 Final Product

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12.0 Final Product

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12.0 Final Product

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12.0 Final Product

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Conclusion ➢ Lesson Learned ➢ Recommendations

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

13.1 Lesson Learned •

The geographical location of the land affects the choice of the project function.

•

Studying similar projects makes there a prior basis on which a new idea can be built.

•

Study and analyze the project land accurately, the best opportunity, to reach the best design.

•

Taking into account the tourist and heritage landmarks surrounding the project land.

•

Exploiting the best view of the project land, directing the main spaces on it.

•

Rely on building rules and laws to get the best results in distributing and exploiting spaces.

•

Increasing green spaces in the center of major cities is very necessary.

13.2 Recommendations

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•

Taking into account the cultural and social factors of the community and the project land in the design.

•

Be in line with the country's development orientation and commitment to the general plan of the vision.

•

Pay attention to vehicle routes, directions and pedestrian routes, especially at peak times.

•

In major public projects, it is preferable to diversify the entrances to the project land and building to facilitate visitors.

•

Relying on green energy and exploiting natural resources such as solar energy to generate electricity.

14 Bibliography

14.0 Bibliography • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Graduation Project Report 2020-2021

John K. Walton (2020, August 23). Tourism Definition, History, Types, Importance, & Industry. Retrieved April 10, 2021, from Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/topic/tourism Robert B. (2021, April 8). 63 Types of Tourism in The World. Retrieved April 10, 2021, from ColorWhistle: https://colorwhistle.com/types-of-tourism/ ETP team (2021, March 28). 4 Main Types of Tourism in Egypt. Retrieved April 13, 2021, from Egypt Tours Portal: https://www.egypttoursportal.com/egypt-travel-blogs/types-of-tourism-in-egypt Nihal Samir (2020, August 12). Egypt Tourism Minister, investors explore promoting travel destinations. Retrieved April 13, 2021, from Daily News Egypt: https://dailynewsegypt.com/2020/08/12/egypt-tourism-minister-investors-explore-promoting Ministry Of Planning And Economic Development. Egypt's Vision 2030 . Retrieved April 3, 2021, from MPED: https://mped.gov.eg/EgyptVision?lang=en Lora Lucero (2020, September 1). Cairo 2050. Retrieved April 3, 2021, from Cairo from Below: https://cairofrombelow.org/cairo2050/ Dr. Shawqi Abu Khalil (2021 April 19). Atlases, Maps & GIS - Middle East & Islamic Studies: a Research Guide. Retrieved April 3, 2021, from LibGuides at Cornell: https://guides.library.cornell.edu/MideastIslamStudies/AtlasesMapsGIS Map Collection : Egypt Maps. (n.d.). Retrieved April 10, 2021, from University of Texas Libraries: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/maps/egypt.html Ahmed Lotfi (2015, January17). ‫مقترحات عدة ومستقبل مجهول‬..‫مبني الحزب الوطني‬. Retrieved April 3, 2021, from Masrawy: https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_egypt/details/2015/1/17/431634/‫مقترحات‬-‫الوطني‬-‫الحزب‬-‫مبني‬ Abdul Salam, M. (2019, September 20). Khedival Cairo .. Paris of the East. Retrieved April 10, 2021, from Egyptian Geographic: http://egyptiangeographic.com/en/news/show/472 Sayed, N. E. (n.d.). A History of Tahrir Square. Retrieved April 10, 2021, from Midan Masr: http://www.midanmasr.com/en/article.aspx?ArticleID=140 Mohamed S. Al Zahar (2020, August 5). “‫ وشوارع "للمشاة فقط‬..‫ مخطط لتطوير القاهرة الخديوية‬. Retrieved April 10, 2021, from Sky News Arabia: http://www.skynewsarabia.com/varieties/1366714-‫فقط‬-‫للمشاة‬-‫وشوارع‬-‫الخديوية‬-‫القاهرة‬-‫لتطوير‬-‫مخطط‬ RAND Corporation (2000, January 1st). Population Growth in Egypt: A Continuing Policy Challenge. Retrieved April 10, 2021, from RAND: https://www.rand.org/pubs/issue_papers/IP183.html Salama Amer (2020, September 4), ‫ عاما من الحياة السياسية – مصر‬66 ‫ استغالل أرض الحزب الوطني يسدل الستار على‬. Retrieved March 28, 2021, from El Watan News: https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/4970670 Egyptian General Authority of Meteorology (2021), Cairo, Egypt - Detailed climate information. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from Weather Atlas: https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/egypt/cairo-climate Alex Garkavenko (2021, February 26). 7 Emerging Materials That Will Change Architecture. Retrieved March 25, 2021, from Architizer Journal: https://architizer.com/blog/practice/materials/material-trends/ Lena Mitro (2014, September 18), IAAC students create hydroceramic: a passive cooling system . Retrieved April 10, 2021, from Designboom: https://www.designboom.com/architecture/iaac-dmic-hydroceramic-passive-cooling-system Francesca Scalisi (2017, December), Nano-materials for Architecture. Retrieved March 25, 2021, from Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323802707_Nano-materials_for_Architecture IAAC (2014 June 25), Hydro-ceramic. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from IAAC Blog: http://www.iaacblog.com/programs/hydroceramic/ Emily Peckenham (2016 August 2), World's largest 3D-printed building opens in Dubai. Retrieved April 10, 2021, from In Habitat: https://inhabitat.com/worlds-largest-3d-printed-building-open-in-dubai-after-2-weeks-of-construction Rory Stott (2015, August 12), This Innovative Brick Sucks Pollution From the Air Like a Vacuum Cleaner. Retrieved March 25, 2021, from Arch Daily: https://www.archdaily.com/771767/this-innovative-brick-sucks-pollution-from-the-air Southeast Asia Construction (2017, September 7), HDB collaboration to raise construction productivity. Retrieved April 10, 2021, from Trade Link Media: https://www.tradelinkmedia.biz/publications/7/news/931 Sancheti Builders (2018, May 17), 8 Modern Building Construction Techniques. Retrieved March 25, 2021, from Sancheti Builders: http://sanchetibuilders.com/8-modern-building-construction-techniques/ Neenu S K (N.A.), Modern Methods of Construction -Details and Applications. Retrieved April 3, 2021, from The Constructor: https://theconstructor.org/construction/modern-methods-of-construction/17487/ Sorouh Developments (N.A.), CITADEL Commercial Complex. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from Sorouh Developments: https://sorouhdevelopments.com/developments/citadel Sepanta Design (2018), Dongjak-Gu Administration Complex. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from Sepanta Design: https://sepantadesign.com/portfolio/dongjak-gu-administration-complex Real Estate Egypt (2021), Opal Business Complex Mall New Capital. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from Real Estate Egypt: https://realestate.eg/en/1040-in-new-administrative-capital-opal-business-complex-mall Mohamed Abd Elkader (2012), Technical Requirements For Parking Plots. Retrieved April 3, 2021, from Academia.edu: http://www.academia.edu/35775450/‫االشتراطات_الفنية_لمواقف_السيارات‬ Jason N. (2014, June 24), Garage and parking requirements. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from Garage Blogspot: https://about-garage.blogspot.com/2014/06/garage-neufert.html Quentin Pickard RIBA (2002, May 30).The Architect’s Handbook. New Jersey, United States, Wiley, 2008 Ernest and Peter Neufert (2019, August) Architect’s Data (5th Edition) edited by Wiley Blackwell. New Jersey, United States, Wiley. Egyptian law to regulate construction work (2008, May 11), Egyptian code for garages. Cairo, Egypt, 2008.

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Karim Alaa Tolba - Final Submisson Book

Articles inside

Figure 6.11 Design Guidelines - Offices 11

Figure 5.30 Himalayan Culture and Religion Research Center 7

Figure 2.3 Location value