Eva Karina Vรกsquez Cubias
Verbs tenses and modals auxiliaries ď‚— The definition of a modal auxiliary is a verb that is used with
another verb to express a mood or tense. ď‚— Examples of a modal auxiliary include can, may, must, ought, shall, should, will and would.
Simple Present
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, or something that often happens.
USED FOR
EXAMPLES SENTENCES
A present state of affairs
My sister lives in Washington
A general fact
The sun rises in the east.
Habitual actions Future timetables
I listened to the radio in the
mornings. My flight leaves at 10:00.
Present continuous
Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment.
USED FOR A specific action that is
occuring A general activity that takes place over a period of time. future arrangements
EXAMPLES SENTENCES Andrew is waching TV( right
now) My sister is living in Washintong. I´m inviting Emma to the party on Friday.
Simple past the simple past is used to express an activity completed at a specific time in the past. Base form of verb + -d/ -ed or irregular form
USED FOR
EXAMPLES SENTENCES
An action that began and
The mail came early this
ended at a particulary time in the past. An action that occurred over a period of time but was completed in the past. An activity that took place regularly in the past.
morning. Dad worked in advertising for ten years. We jogged every morning before class.
past continuous the past continuous is used to talk about past activities(but not states) in progress at a specific moment in the past or over an extended period of time in the past.
Examples:
He was crying yesterday. They were climbing on the hill.
Present perfect continuous subject + auxiliary verb+main verb(present participle)+ object+time reference.
USED FOR
EXAMPLES SENTENCES
An action that began in the
Have you been raking the
past and has just recently ended An action that began in the past and continues in the present An action repeated over a period of time in the past and continuing in the present.
lawn? There´s grass all over your pant legs. Laura has been studying for two hours. Simon has been smoking since he was thirteen.
Past perfect use the past perfect for an event that occured before another event in the past It is formed with had + the past participle of the main verb
USED FOR
EXAMPLES SENTENCES
A past action that ocurred
Tom had left hours before we got
before another past action An action that was expected to occur in the past
there I had hoped to know about the Job before now
Past perfect continuous An action that ocurred before another past action They had been playing tennis before the storm broke.
Future perfect The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future. Estructure will+have+verb(past participle)
USED FOR
EXMPLES SENTENCES
ď‚— An action that will be
ď‚— By next July, my parents will
completed before a particular time in the future.
have been married for fifty years.
Future perfect continuous Future Perfect Continuous tense to express situations that will last for a specified period of time at a definite moment in the future. This form is composed of two elements: the future perfect of the verb to be (will have been) + the present participle of the main verb (base+ing)
USED FOR
EXAMPLES SENTENCES
ď‚— Emphasizing the length of
ď‚— By may, my father will have
time that has occurred before a specific time in the future.
been working at the same Job for thirty years.
Modals Auxiliaries ď‚— Modals are always followed by the base of a verb . They
indicate mood or attitude.
Can If you say that you can do something, you mean you have the ability to do it, or you have the knowledge or skill to do it.
It can play hockey!!!
Could is used to discuss past ability. Negative forms: can’t (cannot), could (couldn’t Could are used to express possibility. Look at those storm clouds. It could rain today.
Might Might" is most commonly used to express possibility.
They might be waiting for us at the station. I might call you tomorrow. Harry might write soon.
Had better we use “had better” to give advice about the present or future.
You had better see a doctor. You had better clear up the mess before mum returns You 'd better revise your lessons
Ought to Ought expresses duty, necessity, desirability and similar ideas. It is often used to advise people – to tell them that they have a duty to do things.
We ought to be going. You ought to see a doctor.
Should should is used to giving advice ( it is a good idea to….or expressing a modal obligation. Negative form: Shouldn´t( should not)
You should do your homework. You shouldn’t drink wine on an empty stomach.
May ď‚— to be allowed
permission ď‚— It is possible, probable possibility, probability May I use your phone please? It may rain tomorrow!
Must ď‚— to have to ď‚— to be very probable
100 % obligation. logical conclusion (deduction)
I must stop when the traffic lights turn red He must be very tired after such enormous work
Have to We often use have to to say that something is obligatory, for example: Children have to go to school. In general, have to expresses impersonal obligation. The subject of have to is obliged or forced to act by a separate, external power (for example, the Law or school rules). Have to is objective. Look at these examples: In France, you have to drive on the right. In England, most schoolchildren have to wear a uniform. John has to wear a tie at work.
Will We use those modals to ask polite questions. The questions ask for Someone’s help or cooperation.
USE: wish, request, demand, order (less polite than would) Will you please shut the door? prediction, assumption I think it will rain on Friday. promise I will stop smoking. spontaneous decision Can somebody drive me to the station? - I will. habits She's strange, she'll sit for hours without talking. Will you come to help us this afternoon?
shall "Shall" is used to indicate future action. It is most commonly used in sentences with "I" or "we," and is often found in suggestions, such as "Shall we go?" "Shall" is also frequently used in promises or voluntary actions. In formal English, the use of "shall" to describe future events often expresses inevitability or predestination. "Shall" is much more commonly heard in British English than in American English; Americans prefer to use other forms, although they do sometimes use "shall" in suggestions or formalized language. Examples: Shall I help you? suggestion I shall never forget where I came from. promise He shall become our next king. predestination I'm afraid Mr. Smith shall become our new director. inevitability