“How might we better recognise sexism and feel empowered to resist it?“
STRATEGIES FOR VISUAL RESEARCH 2013 Karoline Kirchhubel Andersen, AND11334006
Video Content 3 Video - the project in a nutshell 4 Background - outcomes V1 & V2 5 Defining the project & brief 6 Sexism statistics in the UK 7 Working group conversations 8 Victim journey mapping 9 Idea generation 10 Interviews with extreme ‘users’ 11 Existing communities: The Everyday Sexism Project 12 Prototyping & developing outcome V3 13 Who are we designing for? 14 Design review: similar sites and blogs 15 Existing communities: Danish Facebook group 16 Designing isthistsexist.co.uk 17 Creating visuals 18 Research: online legal services 19 Analysis: legal advice 20 Idea: creative and constructive call-outs 21 A walk-through of the isthissexist website 22 Industry and user feedback 23 Live scenario: the journey of a user (me) 24 Blogging and videos 25 Inclusiveness & feminism 26 Community Management 27 Determining impact 28 Website stats and analytics 29 Future development 30 Reflection 31 Bibliography & references
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Deliver: communication & presentation, storytelling
Video The project in a nutshell
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Discover & Deliver: primary research, testing, evaluation
Background V1 & V2 This project began with the task to uncovera a problem in my neighbourhood. It was a process of intuitively exploring a context, in this case the towerblock where I live in Hackney. I’m involved in the local residents assosciation, and spoke to it’s head; Sian about current issues in the estate. Her and I both agreed that there wasn’t a strong sense of community among residents, and an obvious problem to tackle was to try and design for more familiarity in Fellows Court.
The first prototype was a set of sleeved paper picture frames I put up on our floor. The hope was that others would follow my example and slide their photo in and write their names on the attached. Like a wall of family portraits! Unfortunately the frames were removed almost immediately, and in hindsight I could have done a better job at explaining why they’d been put up.
Following the failed outcome V1 I did some engagement testing in the towerblock’s lift. For 2 weeks I put different images & conversations starters up in the lift. They were all removed nearly daily, but it did spark some conversations. I got to know Amy (not her real name) who had been a victim of sex discrimination at work, and put her in touch with my housemate - Sarah who’s a discrimination lawyer. V1 and V2 were both low-key experiments to engage residents and neither was very successful in terms of impacting a large number of people. However, the few people I did get to know such as Amy inspired a new direction for the third outcome and subsequent self-written brief.
This report will focus on the development and iteration of V3 (prototype) and V4 (final outcome) since the focus area changed from neighbour interaction to tackling sexism.
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Discover & Define: research & analysis
Defining the problem Writing the brief
Amy’s Story Whilst I can’t share confidential information, Amy’s experience of sexism was an incident where she encountered some particularly bad sexism at work, but as she was in a probationary period Amy didn’t feel like she could complain about it. It was isolating and she thought:
“What’s the point in complaining? It’s easier for me if I just move on.” After Amy spoke to Sarah for some legal advice and emotional support, she said she felt better about the whole incident and is considering filing a formal complaint.
INSIGHT:
“Sometimes you need a bit of encouragement, someone to tell that you resisting sexism is a brave and worthwhile thing to do.”
THE BRIEF:
“How might we better recognise sexism and feel empowered to resist it?“ Sarah, my housemate and I set off to tackle “everyday sexism” We had always had lots of conversations about feminism, our engagement with the subject never left the kitchen. It was the first time we worked together on a social project. An exciting and rare opportunity for collaboration between a barrister and designer.
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Discover: researching the problem
Defining the problem Let’s look at some stats When describing the problem statement in one of the crits at university, one of my fellow male classmates questioned the prevalence of sexism today:
“Does that actually happen?�
t
.
1 in 3 teenage girls has experienced sexual violence from a boyfriend. (2)
Approximately 70% of people in national minimum wage jobs are women.(7)
1in2 boys 1in3 girls
think it is ok sometimes to hit a woman or force her to have se (1) Women are outnumbered 5 to1 by men in the cabinet only 16% of senior ministerial posts are held by women.(10)
have experienced unwanted sexual touching at school.(5)
a ex.
Two Women A week Nearly a third (31%) of boys believe women politicians are not as good as men. (3)
are killed by a violent partner or ex-partner in the UK. (4)
Just 23% of reporters on national daily newspapers in the UK are women with only 1 female editor of a national daily.[9]
The full time gender pay gap is 10%[13] , and the average parttime pay gap is 34.5%.(6)
Women make up only 17% board directors of FTSE 100 companies.(8)
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Discover & Develop: working group, stakeholder map, synthesis
Harnessing the wisdom of others Working group discussions We invited a working group over to our house to talk about sexism. Using IDEO method cards to prompt conversations, we tried mapping the journey of resisting sexism, a stakeholder map and held a general brainstorm, which you can see on the following pages. The discussions were rich and at the end of the evening we’d come to the following conclusion:
OUTCOME OF CONVERSATIONS:
“We need a place that helps people to recognise when something is sexist, but also gives them tools to address it.“
Stina Interaction Designer
Myself Designer
Nadine Neighbour & Feminist
Sarah Barrister Luisa Interaction Designer
Confusing stakeholder map. Trying to make sense of invisible networks of support and action in relation to sexism, locally. Who do you go to if you’ve been a victim of sex discrimination? What about minor issues?
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Develop & Define: co-design, synthesis
Victim Journey Mapping The process of resistance Building on the Kent Social Innovation Lab’s user journey mapping, the Working Group help us map out the ‘Victim Journey’ of a someone’s who’s encountered sexism. This gave us an idea of why it’s so hard to respond to sexism in the moment. It also identified opportunity areas where our project might help, namely by seeing conversations as ‘practice’ that might reduce the time between recognising that something is sexist, to expressing and responding to it. (SILK 2010)
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Develop: Idea generation, working group, brainstorm
Idea generation with working group Drawing from the ‘Stepping Stones’ tool for idea generation, we held a brainstorming session where we looked at extreme ideas, analogous examples, reverse solutions and generally encouraged crazy ideas. Here’s a selection of some of the ideas the group got excited about.
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Delve: primary research in Indina, video interviews
Feedback Extreme conditions After presenting the findings and idea at a group tutorial, Shrey Basu approached me to tell how strongly she feels about the subject. Growing up in India, she reckons the constant harassment is the reason she’s got a very low tolerance for sexism today and gets angry easily. She kindly offered to interview some of her friends over the holidays back in India, and pitch the website to the to hear their responses. Sexual harassment is a massive problem in India and all of them agreed that it would be helpful to have a site with tools to combat it. However, given the societal circumstances, they were a bit skeptical of the effectiveness of legal action, and mentioned corruption as a big problem. It was helpful for us to get feedback from people tackling more extreme sexism, and made us think about how we might design for an international audience. The videos will form a part of a larger compilation we’re working on where men and women voice their views on sexism and resistance. In due time, this will serve as an intro video to the website
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Delve & Define: primary research, analysis
Existing Communities The Everyday Sexism Project The Everyday Sexism was founded by Laura Bates in 2012, this site catalogue instances of sexism experienced by women on a day to day basis. So far, the site has collected more than 50.000 accounts of sexism both via its website and twitter. (BATES 2013) The Everyday Sexism project has done a great job at challenging the sense of isolation in experiencing sexism, and has brought everyday sexism in back in the news. However, the twitter stream is quite limiting in some respects. It’s just a place for people to acknowledge and document what has happened to them. There is no space to discuss how they felt or how they might be able to challenge the behaviour that they encountered.
Reading through the tweets from a legal perspective, Sarah pointed out that there was some kind of legal remedy for almost all of them, either through criminal law or employment law. It seemed that people either weren’t aware of these options or didn’t think that they could use them in their situation. It seemed like there were two problems: people not knowing about the law and people not feeling able to resist.
Image Sources: Screenshot of http://www.everydaysexism.com
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Develop & Define: prototyping, clustering
Developing Outcome V3 Prototyping and clustering When doing our first physical mock-up of the website we were trying to create, it was helpful to both lay elements out on the table, as well as “clustering� the insights and needs we were looking to address by organising it in a word map. (SILK 2013)
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Develop: defining the outcome and it’s audience
Developing Outcome V3 What are we creating
www.isthissexist.co.uk A clear, visually appealing website with 3 main functions: 1) An ask/resist section, where people share their stories of resistance, or ask others for ways to deal with sexism they’ve experienced. They can also simply ask whether something is sexist or not. 2) A legal advice section. Visual and informative. 3) A blog where more abstract discussions of sexism, patriarchy, language & feminism.
Designing for:
Ourselves. The working group.
People looking for a platform to discuss feminist issues & define subtle sexism.
Victims of sexism seeking legal advice & support
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Delve: secondary research
Design Review Existing sites and blogs Upon reviewing “competing” sites, it was quite affirming how simple and almost amateurish some of the are. It proves how much of need there is for a site like www.everydaysexism.com - that poor design hasn’t put people off. However, it does make one wonder whether the project would be even larger today had the website been able to facilitate conversations. (BATES 2012) Other feminist blogs such as vagenda, jezebel and feminist times. Especially feminist times has got a lot of interesting content, and a newly designed colourful page, with topics divided in a grid. Jezebel is a very successful feminist site tackling popular culture, and vagenda comes across as a bit shallow and sensational, with way too many articles about pubic hair for my personal liking (believe or not). We haven’t yet found a site which mixes discussions of everyday sexism, feminism with a focus on action - as well as legal advice.
Image Sources: Screenshot of http://www.everydaysexism.com Screenshot of http://vagendamag.blogspot.co.uk Screenshot of http://www.jezebel.com Screenshot of http://www.feministtimes.com/
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Delve: Primary research
Existing Communities A Danish Facebook group When researching existing communities, I found and joined a Danish Everyday Sexism Facebook group. The group was closed with about 500 members, and build of Laura Bates Everyday Sexism facebook group. Whereas Laura’s group has gotten out of hand and isn’t accepting new members, this group is thriving. It does exactly what we are hoping to achieve: It’s a trustworthy, inclusive community of support, where people share instances of sexism and receive comfort and tips on how to respond. Being active in the group for almost 3 months has had a massive effect on me: I feel like I have a place where I can share concerns, and I really respect the opinions of most men and women in there. The tone is non-judgmental and inclusive and overall the group provided great inspiration for our project.
WE ASKED OURSELVES
“Is a website really necessary, when a Facebook group can achieve the same? “
YES, BECAUSE: Whilst the Facebook group has certainly helped myself and others feel more empowered to respond to sexism in real life, it’s reach is obviously limited. We hope that our website will eventually act as a ressource to thousands of people who are looking for ways to resist sexism - searchable and organised in a way that would be impossible on facebook. However, we’ll keep learning from the very inspiring Danish facebook group, especially in terms of tone and inclusivity.
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Deliver: design and production, professional feedback
Design www.isthissexist.co.uk Quite early on, we started mocking up an actual site, using the platform Squarespace, which allows you to design websites without much coding experience. It was really useful to have a site to show people when pitching the idea, and allowed us to iterate and get feedback very early. From the outset, we wanted to design something that was clean, but with appealing visuals, in a style that made us recognizable as a brand. I used content aware to duplicate content from photographs i’d taken. I chose the quite bold, hand-written Google web-font Knewave as our main brand type, as it feels grass-rooty and deliberate. For the main copy we use Museo Sans - a sturdy, low contrast, fairly geometrical, highly legible sans serif typeface very well suited for any display and text. (ADOBE 2012) and the friendly Varela Round for section headings.
FEEDBACK FROM STINA JOHNSSON, INTERACTION DESIGNER AT IDEO:
“You’ve started gathering great stories and put in place a structure for the community to share, learn and react. Obviously there is a lot of text which is needed to convey enough details to make the site a forum for a constructive discussion. Think about how you can make the IsThisSexist more visual. This could help users finding old posts (by recognising the visual), it would increase the potential for ‘shareablity’ (the online world is fast and visual content tends to work best) and also just make the reading experience more pleasant. I would also recommend categorisation of the post to help users find a subcategory they might be especially interested in. “
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Develop: generating visuals, experimentation
Listening to feedback Making things visual Based on Stina Johnsson’s advice, I started experimenting with a visual style that could accompany stories and blogposts. An important factor here was sustainability: how will I be able to quickly generate visuals if we receive contributions in large quantities? I chose ink as a medium, both because it suits my personal line - and also because it’s quick as you can’t erase and re-draw. Like with watercolour, drawing with ink requires swift decision making and a bit of bravery, qualities that suits the aim of the sexism project very well.
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Delve: secondary research
Secondary Research Law When researching existing legal advice and law firm websites it’s safe to say that none of them were very contemporary or appealing. Some were even offputting, like the one of ‘Your Employment Barrister’. It’s clearly homemade and the over emphasis on ‘Call us now’ in both the design and videos, comes across as desperate and therefore unappealing. (36 Bedford Row 2013) There are some websites with a extensive selection legal resources such as ACAS which is a large employment organisation in the UK. However, it’s very text heavy and lacks specific, relatable examples or stories. The tone of some of the websites even comes across as a bit patronising. Analysing current online legal services, it we set out a goal to make the law clearer for people to understand, using factual examples that they can relate to. Videos seem like an under-used, inclusive medium to educate the public about law. We’re still building the legal section of the website, which is likely to be an ongoing development.
Imag
ge Sources: Screenshot of http://www.youremploymentbarrister.com Screenshot of http://www.acas.co.uk
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Define & deliver: research analysis & strategy
Analysis Legal Advice In lieu with our visual emphasis, we produced a series of videos explaining different areas of equality related law. These areas include: Sex Discrimination, Harassment, Victimisation and Equal Pay. It was key to keep them short and conversational in tone so that non-lawyers wouldn’t be put off. On the page of each topic there’s a short summary of the law so that in a few minutes of watching the video and reading the blurb, people can understand key legal concepts. Then if people are thinking of bringing a claim, they have the law set out in full detail below. We thought this was important to enhance our credibility: we can talk about the law simply, but we also know our stuff. We also want people to be able to write in with their specific legal problems and receive advice. There are advice lines run by some NGOs which aim to do this, but nothing online. Online services are easier to manage in some ways, as both parties can do it when it suits them. There’s also the benefit that people with similar problems can look at the responses and use that advice for themselves. However, that also one of the potential problems: People often don’t realise what the crucial facts are. They might think that they are in the same situation as the person they are reading about, but actually there’s one small change which legally makes a radical difference to their case. We had to think about how best to make people aware that while we want our advice to be informative, they shouldn’t take any massive decisions before fully consulting either us or another lawyer. This lead us to devising a user policy for the website
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Develop: idea generation
Approach Constructive call-out What if we instead of just calling out sexism, let’s say in Advertising, we also provided them with a better (and funnier) alternative? This idea came after Sarah saw some ads for NightNurse where they used unnecessary gender stereotypes. I feel strongly about the responsibility of creatives so we decided to tweet the creative agency behind the ads. In our discussions we came up with the idea of re-making a better version of sexist ads to show the creatives how easy it is. Hopefully when we have more followers on twitter, they will notice. Given that creative agencies care alot about their image and social media, someone hopefully has already had a conversation about our night-nurse critisism. We like the idea of constructive critisim on social media, as there’s a lot of slagging off going on already. This idea is still to be implemented.
Image So
ource: Screenshot of http://twitter.com/isthissexist
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Deliver: production, communication & presentation
Outcome V4 Walk-through of the website Slightly cringey recording of me navigating through the website and commenting on it’s content. Clicking on the screenshot will direct you to Vimeo
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Define: industry and user feedback
Feedback from a lawyer “The website provides an accessible resource for everyday people, communicating complex legal information in a way that can be easily understood by those without legal knowledge. “ R. ROBERTS, BARRISTER
Feedback from a feminist
“It looks great and is an important way provide people with access to justice. T is a sense from some people that the ex law is adequate, but women just need feel more confident in enforcing it. Lov business cards! KATIE GLASS, THE OTHER CLUB
Feedback from end-user “Thanks guys, I can’t believe you actually made it. It looks really cool, I haven’t had a chance to look through the legal stuff but I will.” AMY, NEIGHBOUR & VICTIM OF SEX DISCRIMINATION
to There xisting to ve the
Feedback from a designer “I love the visuals! Especially the illustrations which give the site a unique and human feeling. There is a healthy amount of comments and the discussions are at a good level and productive. The discussions are where the heart, soul and energy of the is likely to be. It strikes me that the normal ordering of blogs (temporal) might not be the best in the future. Some posts are going to generate more debate and be of more interest for most people, you might want to consider highlighting those posts in some way.� STINA JOHNSSON, INTERACTION DESIGNER AT IDEO
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Delve: day in the life of a user, self-ethnography
Live Scenario This happened in real life
1) Reading articles and stories online has made me think more about gender and stereotypes in general, as well as hetero-normativity.
2) I go to the local hairdressers to get a trim, it’s a place where you pay per minute which makes sense to me from a cost perspective as my hair is very short. As I arrive I find that I’m asked to write my name with either blue or pink chalk on a board. I find this both excluding and unnecessary, so I write my name in blue - since Im essentially getting a boys cut. The hairdresser publicly calls me out on it, and makes me wait longer. I’m also charged ‘women’s price’ despite my cut taking the same time as a mans. I’m pretty upset and also angry.
3) I go home and discuss the issue with my housemate. She encourages me to write about it and post it on Is This Sexist, which I do
6 A lawyer reviews my situation from a legal point of view and reckons I actually have a claim for a direct discrimination on provision of goods. I’m considering legal action and will make sure to report back to the site.
5) I definitely feel, that the next time I go back I’ll be able to argue my case better and hopefully only pay for the time it takes to cut my hair, not my gender.
4) The post goes up, and I start receiving comments from people supporting my view that it’s unfair - and hairdressers confirm that there’s no difference cutting mens and womens hair. A couple of people disagree, but most are supportive. It feels nice
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Deliver: content production
Blogpost Video Compilation Some of structural inequalities are well documented. People know they exist, but it’s a challenge to remind people about them in a new way that makes them feel what it really means. We had ideas for articles, but then decided that often there was a more innovative way to express those ideas. For example, it’s well documented that women are underrepresented in politics. To give people a feeling for what that really means at the level of experience rather than theory we compiled a video showing the macho bullying culture in the House of Commons. Of course, some female MPs participate in that culture, but it is one that stems from a time when all politicians were male. Reading an article about it isn’t enough to appreciate the atmosphere and the effect it has in stifling constructive debate. There aren’t other compilation of bullying in parliament on youtube, so there’s a chance it might go viral if we seed it to the right people. Read the blogpost here
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Delve & Define: secondary research & analysis
Finding our voice Inclusivity & feminism
Tone People often feel conflicted about identifying as feminists. Part of the reason for that it is that there is a perception of them being angry and always trying to catch people out for the sake of it. That perception may be unfair, but if that really is holding the movement back, it needs to addressed. We wanted to do that by ensuring that we were as inclusive as possible. There are lots of different definitions of feminism, but ours is that people shouldn’t be forced to sacrifice parts of themselves to conform to expectations based on their gender. This applies equally to men and women. We therefore made it clear that we wanted men’s experiences just as much as women’s. People need to have honest conversations where they don’t feel inhibited by saying the wrong thing. Even if there is disagreement between, we wanted to set an example where people would genuinely listen to what others had to say and respond compassionately.
Carol Gillian Carol Gilligan is a professor in psychology and feminist and has played a key role in defining what feminism means to me personally, and how this translates into our voice and point of view on the website. In her recent book Joining The Resistance Carol writes
“My friend Wendy Puriefoy, who heads the Public Education Network, likes to observe that there is a difference between saying to someone, “you can come into my house, you can come into any room of my house, but it’s still my house,” and saying, “let’s redesign the house.” GILLIGAN, 2011, p.60 Securing legal rights to ensure better representation of women is the first step to redesigning the house.
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Deliver: implementation, evaluation
Analysis & strategy Community Management Our own experiences of sexism lead us to think that even when people are aware that something isn’t right and that there are legal solutions available to them, there are other reasons why they might not want to take action. We want to make people feel that when they were resisting sexism, they were doing it not just for themselves, but also for others. Our aim was for the resist section of the website to create a sense of solidarity. By reading about other people’s experiences and responses, they would better understand their own feelings and be offered constructive support about the next step to take. Community plays a big role in this, and we learnt that we need to spend a lot of time nurturing it. This means opening up conversations, and modelling the kind of behaviour and tone we’d like to have by setting examples. We’re also drawing on our networks to both comment and contribute, and would eventually like a diverse group of contributors who write blog posts and engage in discussions. (Millington, 2013)
Penny’s story is a good example of the kind of community support we’ve tried to design for. Six people have given suggestions to Penny on how she could respond to sexism at the pub. Read it here
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Determine impact: research & analysis
Determining impact UsCreates style We used Uscreates framework to imagine what impact we might have. It nicely illustrates the different levels on which impact happens, and moving forward it’s important that we’re able to document these different types of impact. (USCREATES 2013) Ultimately, if we can help empower more people to resist sexism in their daily lives, or even make better use of the Equality Act by taking legal action, I believe we’ve created something really powerful.
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Determine impact: live-testing, analysis
Determining Impact Stats and Analytics It’s always interesting to look at web analytics. We formally launched in the last week of December 2013. Till date we’ve had almost 900 visitors, with the average visit duration being around 4 minutes - pretty good! We’re also tracking the bit.ly links that we share, and have been gaining followers on our twitter account @isthissexist especially by live tweeting events.
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Develop & Determine impact: future planning & impact update
Development In the pipeline We’ve got a couple of things lined up in the next couple of months as we continue developing the site • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Create more legal sections Interview police woman & family lawyer Designing a visual overview page of the different legal sections Writing an article on parental vs maternaty leave An immigration fairness “quiz” A meetup/discussion group Maybe a feminist bookclub A video with voices of resistance from all over the world Focus on Vday and 1BillionRising next month Categorising resist stories Improving search functionality Trying to get articles in newspapers i.e the Guardian Sign up at least two new contributors
Impact update! This just happened Sarah told her friend about the website and he posted a link to it on his facebook page. The same day, we received a message from a woman asking for assistance with a “a complex case of a group of postgraduate students and staff taking on a situation of institutional sexism, harassment and abuse, which also includes elements of racial harassment, within a university postgraduate academic department.� She is going to email further details and then we will meet in the next couple of weeks to discuss the case further.
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Define: reflection
Kitchen Conversations Looking back I feel like it makes sense to try and describe how the process of this collaboration has felt. Why our kitchen has been renamed ‘The Home Office’ and our post-it usage has sky-rocketed. This may sound cheesy, but passion has played a bit role in the coming of Is This Sexist. It was a good decision to choose a topic I felt strongly about, even if it meant discarding my initial outcomes V1 and V2 and perhaps expanding the audience from just my neighbours, to victims of sexism potentially from all parts of the world. Real-life impact has always been the goal, and it means we’ll continue building and iterating the site despite the formal project being over. Designing the website itself is one thing, but designing our strategy, vision, generating content and a point of view has taken up most of the time by far. We’ve had a pretty clear vision throughout the project, which has kept us working and discussing till the early hours, this vision is: to empower others to resist injustice. We believe that resistance begins when feeling that something ‘isn’t right’, and subsequently acknowledging shouldn’t be forced to sacrifice parts of yourself to conform to expectations based on your gender - or even race, age, sexuality. We’re very proud of the outcome so far and excited to see where it might take us in the future.
SARAH, COLLABORATOR
“I have really enjoyed working collaboratively and creatively. As a barrister, I very rarely work with other people. I found it exciting to be part of a team and found that our very different skill sets were actually complementary. Bouncing ideas off each other meant that we were able to achieve some much more original content.�
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Bibliography Gilligan, C (2011). Joining the resistance. Malden, MA: Polity Press UsCreates (2013) About UsCreates. London Great Britain. Equality Act 2010: Elizabeth II [Online]. Chapter 15. (2010) Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/ contents [Accessed 18 December 2013]. 36 Bedford Row. (2013). Sex Discrimination. [Website] Available: http://www.youremploymentbarrister.com/sex-discrimination. Last accessed 15th Dec 2013 Adobe. (2012). Museo Sans. Available: https://typekit.com/fonts/ museo-sans. [Accessed 2nd January 2014] Bates, L. (2013). Everyday Sexism Project hits 50,000 entries what does that tell you?. Available: http://www.theguardian.com/ lifeandstyle/womens-blog/2013/dec/13/everyday-sexism-projectwomen-sexual-harassment-50000-entries. [Accessed 13th Dec, 2013.] Baxter, H. (2014). Ten Things You Didn’t Know About Your Bikini Line, You Disgusting Hairy Beast. Available: http://vagendamag. blogspot.co.uk/2014/01/ten-things-you-didnt-know-about-your.html. [Accessed 5th Jan 2014]. Millington, Richard, 2013 How to grow thriving online communities [website] Available: http://www.feverbee.com/. [Accessed 2nd Jan 2014] SILK Social Innovation Lab for Kent. (2010). SILK Method Deck. Available: http://socialinnovation.typepad.com/silk/. [Accessed 18th Nov 2013].
Statistics References 1) http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2009/sep/01/teenage-sexual-abusenspcc-report (2) EVAW: http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/preventingviolence-against-women (3) Moving Forward, Standing Still, Primary Research, The State of the World’s Girls, Plan 2011 (4) Department of Health (2005) Responding to domestic abuse (London: DH) http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@ dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4126619.pdf (5) YouGov Ltd (2010) End Violence Against Women Poll Results. Available at http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/preventing-violenceagainst-women (6) EHRC (2011) Gender pay gaps , p3. http://www.equalityhumanrights. com/uploaded_files/research/gender_pay_gap_briefing_paper2.pdf (7)Low Pay Commission (2007) National Minimum Wage Low Pay Commission Report 2007, Figure 2.8, p32. http://www.lowpay.gov.uk/ lowpay/report/pdf/6828-DTi-Low_Pay_Complete.pdf (8)Lord Davies of Abersoch (2011) Women on boards, p3. www.bis.gov.uk/ assets/biscore/business-law/docs/w/11-745-women-on-boards.pdf (9)Sedghi, Ami & Cochrane, Kira (2011, 6 Dec) ‘Women’s representation in media: who’s running the show?’, The Guardian [blog]. http://www. guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2011/dec/06/women-representationmedia; Martinson, Jane (2012, 31 May) Why are there so few female national newspaper editors? The Guardian [blog], http://www.guardian. co.uk/media/the-womens-blog-with-jane-martinson/2012/may/31/femalenewspaper-editors (10) The Democratic Audit of the United Kingdom (2012) ‘3.2.3 Women in Political Life’ [webpage]. http://democracy-uk-2012.democraticaudit.com/ women-in-political-life
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