20PH3014 Fabrication and Testing of Thin Film Devices 3:0:0

3. Apply the various absorption mechanisms of radiation and particles in detection of environmental radiation 4. Analyze the instrumentation principles of radiation detection mechanisms and various types of detectors. 5. Evaluate the importance of counting statistics and other statistical tools in radiation measurements will be learnt by the students. 6. Create peaceful applications of radiation in the field of food, water, health and energy

Unit I - REVIEW OF PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES

Mechanics – Units and Dimensions – Work and Energy – Relativity Effects – Electricity – Electrical Charge: The Stat Coulomb – Electric Potential: The Stat Volt – Electric Field – Energy Transfer – Elastic and Inelastic Collision –Electromagnetic Waves – Excitation and Ionization – Periodic Table of the Elements – The Wave Mechanics Atomic Model – The Nucleus – The Neutron and the Nuclear Force –Isotopes –The Atomic Mass Unit – Binding Energy – Nuclear Models – Nuclear Stability

Unit II - RADIOACTIVITY AND INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER

Radioactivity and Decay Mechanism – Kinetics of Decay – The Units of Radioactivity – Series Decay –Alpha Rays – Range-Energy Relationship – Energy Transfer – Beta Rays – Range Energy Relationship –Mechanism of Energy Loss – Ionization and Excitation – Gamma Rays – Exponential Absorption –Absorption Mechanisms – Pair Production – Compton Scattering – Photoelectric Effects – Neutrons –Production – Classification – Interaction

Unit III - METHODS OF MEASURING RADIATION

Gas Filled Detectors – Ionization Chamber – Proportional Counters – Geiger Muller Counter – Scintillation Detection Systems – Photomultipliers – Scintillators – Semiconductor Detectors – Principles of Operation – Charged Particle Detectors – Thermo Luminescent Detectors – Film Badge – OSLD – High Purity Germanium Detectors – Track Devices – Photographic Emulsion – Track Etch Dosimeters – Spark Counters and Spark Chambers – Miscellaneous Detectors

Unit IV - COUNTING STATISTICS AND CALIBRATION OF INSTRUMENTS

Uncertainty in the Measuring Process – Various Types of Distribution – Error Propagation – Accuracy of Counting Measurements – Significance of Data from Statistical Viewpoint – Calibration and Standards –Source Calibration – Neutron Sources – X-ray Machines – Calibration of Detection Equipment

Unit V - RADIATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Types of Radiation Sources – Natural Radiation Sources – Artificial Sources of Radiation – Applications of Radiations – Medical Applications – Industrial Applications – Radiation in Food Processing Industry –Agricultural Applications – Isotope Hydrology – Miscellaneous Applications

Reference Books

1. Basic Radiological Physics, Kuppusamy Thayalan, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (2017) 2. Radiation and Detectors: Introduction to the Physics of Radiation and Detection Devices (1st Edition), Lucio Cerrito, Springer Pulications (2017) 3. Radiation Physics for Medical Physicists, Ervin B. Podgorsak, Springer, New York (2016) 4. Measurement and Detection of Radiation (4th Edition), Nicholas Tsoulfanidis and Sheldon Landsberger, CRC Press; 4th Edition (2015) 5. Principles of Radiation Interaction in Matter and Detection (4th Edition), Pier-Giorgio Rancoita and Claude Leroy, World Scientific; (2015) 6. Physics and Engineering of Radiation Detection (2nd Edition), Syed Naeem Ahmed, Academic Press, Elsevier (2014) 7. Radiation Detection and Measurement, Glenn F. Knoll, John Wiley & Sons, 2010 8. Review of Radiological Physics, Walter Huda, Lippincot, 2010 9. Environmental Radioactivity From Natural, Industrial & Military Sources (4th Edition), Merril Eisenbud and Thomas F. Gesell, Academic Press, (1997)

APPLIED PHYSICS (2020)