PORTFOLIO ARCHITECTURE KATHIA ROMAN REINA
I URBAN PLANNING
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SUSTAINABILITY
I CLIMATE CHANGE
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Content Professional 1
MUMA - Rio de Janeiro Museum of Environment
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Fortaleza Maritime Passenger Terminal
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Campus Fiocruz Ceara
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UrbanLEDS
Educational 5
Billsted - Bridging communities and improving public space
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Sustainable Communities Niches: a participatory development and resident empowerment in El Gamaleya, Cairo
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Green Building Rating Systems’ approach to CO2 emissions’ mitigation A case study of the Philippines
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1 MUMA -
Rio de Janeiro Museum of Environment Contest proposal - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2010 Constructed area: 8.600m2 Authors: ARCHITECTUS SS - Kathia Román Reina, Tais Costa, Gerson Amaral, Marina Lima, Marina Esmeraldo, Pedro Câmara, Elton Timbó
To meet the requirements of the contest organized by the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro, a renovation, new building construction and landscape intervention in the area of 8.600m2 was proposed to the Ministry of Environment and the Brazilian Architects Institute ( IAB-RJ). The results included areas for an exhibition, auditorium and core administrative support. The museum’s expansion proposal seeks to maintain the front facade from the original building as main access to the institution. Through a lobby, visitors are led to the temporary exhibition rooms, located on the upper floor of the old building. This floor communicates directly through a ramp to the third floor of the new building. The permanent exhibition begins in the third floor, from which the visitors need to explore the lower floors. The exhibition rooms consist of large and flexible spaces.
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MUMA’s location 6
Proposed Exhibition Building Perspective
Museum
Existing Building
Terrace
Roof
Second level
First level
The inner and outdoor spaces communicate by glass panels located in strategic spots, which are mainly the spaces that communicate the exhibition areas. The end of the route is followed by the shop and cafe, located under the swing set. The connectivity between the proposed areas generates a direct dialogue with the garden. Natures’ preservation was a contest requirement with a main focus on larger trees, which heavily shade the area. Therefore, landscape had a main role by strongly bounding the existing and proposed buildings.
First level
Ground level
Ground level
Underground
Proposed and Existing Buildings’ Connection
The MUMA proposal reflects - in its different stages (Design, Construction and Operation) - the concern of professionals engaged and skilled in integrating sustainable strategies such as: passive architecture, efficient use of natural resources, energy and water consumption reduction, waste management, thermoacoustic comfort, local materials and technologies.
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Ground level floor plan
First level Floor plan
Second level floor plan
Terrace floor plan
Section
Proposed Exhibition Building
East Facade
West Facade
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North Facade
South Facade
Proposed Exhibition Building Perspective
Ground level floor plan
First level floor plan
10 Second level floor plan
Roof floor plan
Section AA
Section BB
Section CC
Proposed Administrative Building
East Facade
West Facade
South Facade
North Facade
Proposed Administrative Building Facades 11
Proposed Administrative Building Perspective
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2 Fortaleza Maritime Passenger Terminal Public building - Fortaleza, Brazil, 2010 Client: Secretaria das Docas do Ceara Construction year: 2013 Constructed area: 8.387 m2 Authors: ARCHITECTUS SS - Kathia Romรกn Reina, Tais Costa, Ricardo Saboia, Felipe Duarte, Elton Timbรณ
The privileged geographic location and the steady weather makes Fortaleza one of the most important maritime terminals in Brazil. The city is among the fifth most visited for international visitors and the main destination for domestic tourists. The new terminal needed to operate before the World Cup of 2014 and offer a broad range of services to the passengers and cruise operators. The desing concept was based on providing multifunctional open spaces and multipurpose areas able to quickly adapt in order to cope with the different seasonal and operational demands as well as to allow future expansions.
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Location 14
Legend
Perspective - Terminal Spaces
Ground level floor plan
First level floor plan
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Facade
Section AA
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Section BB
Section CC
Facade 17
Metal Structure and Glass Facade Detail
The metallic stucture - combined with the spatial flexible architecture - is a modern style, which makes the Terminal a doorway into the city. It is a transparent landmark for the city of Fortaleza. The generous balcony invites to appreciate the nearby natural landscape and to enjoy the stunning sunsets. Currently, the Terminal is also used for private events, congresses, concerts and exhibitions.
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Futher information can be found in the Archdaily publication: https://www. archdaily.com/785830/ Credit pictures: Joana Franca, 2015
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3 Campus Fiocruz Ceara Public Univeristy and Health Research Center - Eusebio, Brazil, 2012 Client: FIOCRUZ (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz) Construction year: 2015 Constructed area: 43.147 m2 Authors: ARCHITECTUS SS - Kathia Román Reina, Gerson Amaral, Bruno Lobo, Filipe Costa, Elton Timbó
FIOCRUZ (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz) is a Brazilian institution, part of the Ministry of Health and a role model in Latin America regarding public health, research and educational fields. The project was the first public building to achieve the French - Brazilian green building certification system “Processo AQUA- HQE” in the Northeast region of Brazil. The whole process reflected the harmonious integration as well as the interest and effort of a public institution and of a private office to encompass sustainability during the designing, construction and operational phases of the bulding.
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2 1
3
6 15
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The main outcomes in terms of project process, architecture and construction techniques are: • Use of the Integrated Project Delivery methodology in order to obtain the maximal collaboration among the team members, solve most problems during the project phase and reduce rework and unexpected problems during the construction phase • Full integration of architectural, urban planning and construction aspects to ensure the minimum impact in the permanent protected environmental area and lagoon • Regional and sustainable construction materials and techniques • Buildings designed following a modular and flexible structure, granting future expansions • Internal spaces that highlight and provide visual access of the natural surroundings • Local and adapted landscape species • On site infrastructure for composting gardening waste
Legend: 1 - Facilities’ management 2 - Bicycles area 5
3 - Operational complex 4 - Parking
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2
5 - Guests’ parking
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10
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6 - Auditorium 7 - Administration 8 - Cafe
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9 - Central plaza 10 - Bank
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11- Entrance 12 - Amphitheater 13 - Laboratory and research 14 - Educational 15 - Leisure area FIOCRUZ Campus Buildings
• Green roofs to reduce urban heat islands • Climate change adaptation strategies: - Integrated blue/green infrastructure strategies between urban, drainage and landscape projects to control stormwater and runoff impacts and flooding - 60% reduction of potable water consumption by on site catchment, treatment and reuse of stormwater, drainage water, greywater and blackwater - Nature-based solutions • Climate change mitigation strategies: - Energy consumption reduction of 24% in comparison to a reference buildings - Maximum use of natural lighting and ventilation - Proper sorting and recycling of solid waste - On site production of renewable energy (wind power and solar panels)
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The total constructed area is 43.147 m2 and includes the buildings of laboratory, administration, education, auditorium, operational complex and small kiosks distributed on the central plaza. All buildings have a total green roof area of 641,05 m2 and are located in a 103.683,83 m² site area, creating a remarkable permeable area and open space of 19.976,85 m². The plot characteristics, surrounded by a permanent protected environmental area and the Precabura lagoon, the climat conditions of the semi-arid region together with the certification system were challenges that needed to be solved.
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Futher information can be found in the Archdaily publication https://www.archdaily. com/898698 or in the Proceedings of the Resilient Cities 2018 Congress, Bonn, 2018. Credit pictures: Joana Franca, 2017
Ground level floor plan
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Section
Facade
Laboratory and Research Building Floor plan, Section and Facade
Laboratory and Research Building 27
Laboratory and Research Building Entrance
Floor plan
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Section
Facade
Auditorium
Main Entrance Auditorium 29
Auditorium
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4 Urban-LEDS Promoting Low Emission Urban Development Strategies in Emerging Economy Countries - Fortaleza, Brazil, 2012 - 2015 Client: ICLEI - South America Secretariat Associated Consultants: Kathia Román Reina, Marcio Rios, Ghislain Fave
The project, funded by the European Union and implemented through a partnership between the UN-Habitat and ICLEI, selected 8 “Model Cities” and 21 “Satellite Cities” in 4 countries (Brazil, India, Indonesia and South Africa). Each city analyzed the GHG emissions, promoted workshops and selected the sector that needed to be tackled in order to reduce emissions and increase resiliency. The associated consultant activities included: data collection, workshop organization, stakeholder integration, sector analyses to propose strategies and emission reduction scenarios for 2020, 2025 and 2030. The final report was the Low Carbon Emissions Plan for the City of Fortaleza. Examples of the suggested strategies are: bicycle lanes, a bike and car sharing system, exclusive bus lanes, recycling programs, methane recovery from landfills, organic waste composting, public lighting with LED, urban reforestation and a Municipal Green Building Certification System.
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The first GHG inventory of Fortaleza (2014) pointed out that 3.827.521 tCO2 were emitted at an average emission of 1,53 tCO2e/inhab. The sectors of transportation (61%), waste (25%) and energy (14%) are the main contributors. These sectors plus sustainable urban planning and construction were selected to be analyzed and to propose plausible mitigation strategies.
CO2 Emissions in Fortaleza
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Mitigation Strategies’ Results
Based on the GreenClimateCities Methodology, the project’s main objectives included: • • • • • •
Supporting local governments Explore new approaches between stakeholders Improve and enhance environmental practices Integrate climate actions across different levels of government and financing models Develop tailor-made approaches that consider local and national contexts Improve institutional capacity to plan, act, monitor and assess the status quo of existing policies
The final scenario, which considered to apply all proposed strategies, showed a reduction per capita of 12% in comparison to the business as usual scenario.
Emissions’ Reduction Plan
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Play
Trees
Grow
Water
Play
Trees
Water
Play
Sit / Grass / BBQ
5 Billsted: Bridging Communities and Improving Public Space
Sustainable Urbanism - Hamburg, Germany, 2016 Class: Project 2, REAP Master Authors: Kathia RomĂĄn Reina, Rabya Yawar, Thomas Fraser, Kunal Gaidhankar
The semester group work analyzed an area of 1km2 of a neighborhood in Hamburg where one of the students currently lives. Through urban indicators and sustainable parameters (district coverage ratio, population and building density, noise, ciclomatic number, PV and green roof potentials and open space coverage ratio), interviews, site visits and government information, it was possible to obtain a scenario regarding livability. Based on the results, the final task was to propose several meaningful interventions that could improve urban livability, residents and workers life quality. Billsted was the selected area due to being located in the city outskirts, its mixed demographic background and socially deprived situation. The analyses showed that the residents’ conditions changed according to the area where they live.
Play
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Billsted Area Analyzed
Hamburg Centers and Sub-Centers
Public - Semi Public - Priva
Greenroof Potential and Infiltration Analysis
Street Hierarchy
Public Transportantion and
Billsted Sub-Center
Buildings’ Typologies
Land Use 3D
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Urban Analysis: Plans, Diagrams, Indicators, Sections
ate Spaces
d Bycicle Stations
Land Use
Open Spaces
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Traffic Noise
Solar Radiation on Roof
Street Sections and Urban Indicators
However, when focusing on the subcenter, the existence of a Shopping Center influences the whole neighborood. Located next to a train station, the building has suburban characteristics, which do not interact with or improve the area around it. With a significant person concentration during day, at night and during the weekends, Billsted faces the opposite situation. In addition, problems related with insufficient open spaces and lack of green areas and water bodies turn this situation worse. Mixing the top-down and bottom-up approach, the final proposals and outlooks tackled the main issues like new public parks and plazas connected by paths that offer better conditions for the pedestrians and include traffic calming strategies.
Urban Interventions’ Approach 38
Legend: 1 - Plaza improvement (Hamburg sub-center) 2 - New Park: connecting the 2 sides of the area 2
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Map of Urban Interventions
1 - Urban Interventions: Plaza 39
1 - Urban Interventions: Sections’ Plaza
C A B
C
B
2 - Urban Interventions: Park 40
2 - Urban Interventions: Sections’ Park
Section AA
A
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Section BB
Section CC
Section BB - Perspective
Section CC - Perspective
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Sustainable Communities Niches: a Participatory Development and Resident Empowerment in El Gamaleya Strategies of climate adaptation and resource efficiency for historic urban areas - Cairo, Egypt, 2017 Class: Project 3, REAP Master Authors: Kathia Román Reina, Rabya Yawar, Thomas Fraser, Kunal Gaidhankar
The project was developed as a cooperation between HafenCity Universität Hamburg and the University of Cairo, Egypt, as part of the program “Higher education dialogue with the Muslim world” sponsored by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). The neighborhood of El Gamaleya has 13,216 inhabitants, who live in severe environmental and urban conditions, decidedly under the poverty line. It is a very dense area, there is a general lack of open space and only rare green areas. The largest open space is located right outside the district in front of the mosque Al Jame’ Al Anwar. Streets are designed too narrow and only little room is left for open space, impairing a healthy microclimate. These conditions lead to poor air quality and the heat island effect. High indoor air temperatures contribute to a decreasing comfort level as well.
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Site Visit Impressions
On the site visits, the group witnessed a well-developed social harmony and interaction. Residents meet on a regular basis within a community board and have a designated community leader. These strong ties between locals can help with implementing and supporting new community projects.
Multicriteria Analyses for site selection
Site 1
Site 3
Site 2
Legend: Selected site Walking time:
Site 4 (selected)
Site Selection Process
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This project is the result of a multi-faceted analysis of the needs, demands, opportunities and realities of the place and the people who use it, work in it and live in it. Our research question was: Which participatory and community-driven interventions on vacant land can be realized to address most, if not all aspects of sustainability in El Gamaleya? The work began with a series of analysis methodologies to identify specific problems and ways to approach them: a SWOT analysis, site visits and observations, interviews with residents and workers and a logical framework set of problem trees. From here, we identified 5 specific problems and converted these into 5 objectives to address our end goal: creating sustainable interventions that enhance and rehabilitate urban open spaces while improving occupant quality of life.
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Project goals and objectives
The Sustainable Communities Niches design was concentrated on two different approaches: one for a building that would provide commercial options, retail space and housing; and another one for open space designs including both the green space as well as the zone of street between the park and the building. The building design needed to respect traditional cultural norms, construction techniques and capabilities; to be climate responsive and flexible; to be a good learning and teaching example for how more sustainable construction and design could look in Cairo. Regarding the open spaces, the design was guided by “The modified 12 Quality Criteria for Good Design of Public Spaces at a glance� and, following local practices of outdoor and street activities, the adjacent street was incorporated to the intervention.
Open space: pedestrian street
Open space: park
Building
Site Proposal 47
Legend :
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Passive and climate adaptation architecture strategies: 1 - Light and wind shaft
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3 4
2 - Tall ceilings and living spaces 3- Projecting balconies for shading 4 - Thick walls for thermal mass 5 - Thru-hallways for cross ventilation
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Section Proposed Building
Ground level floor plan
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Proposed Building
Proposed Open Space: Park and Pedestrian Street
Second level floor plan
To empower the El Gamaleya community throughout the process, a participatory monitoring and evaluation model was proposed. In the communitybased intervention, this cost effective model integrates local skills, resources, demands, culture, ideologies as well as historical, political and social context within a transparent and open process. Within this participatory approach, stakeholders can develop a stronger sense of project ownership and the final results can be used to inform planning and implementation of future projects in the same area.
Third and fourth level floor plan
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Proposed Open Space and Building
Assessment: LEED, BERDE, EDGE and DGNB strategies’ approach to CO2 emissions’ mitigation 12%
13%
4%
14%
8%
7%
5%
12%
48%
49%
48%
53%
36%
75%
62%
63%
40%
38%
48%
33%
56%
18%
40%
25%
LEED BD+NC
LEED CS
BERDE NC
BERDE
EDGE OFFICES
DGNB NC
DGNB
OP
Directly related
LEED OM
Indirectly related
Not applicable
NC*
* Key performance assessment
7 Green Building Rating Systems’ approach
to CO2 emissions’ mitigation - A case study of the Philippines Sustainability and climate change legal framework - the Philippines, 2019 Class: Master Thesis. REAP Master Author: Kathia Román Reina
This research analyses the approach of several Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS) to CO2 emissions’ mitigation. Having the Philippines as a case study, it is a multi-level assessment encompassing a critical review of the international, national and local legal frameworks related to climate change and the integration of CO2 mitigation strategies within the building and construction sector. The disconnection between the common construction practices and the established global sustainability goals is studied in the light of of the GBRS. The starting point are LEED and BERDE systems of the first generation developed by the private sector. LEED represents the system on an international scale, BERDE on a national as well as on a local scale with Pasig City. GBRS of the second generation (EDGE and DGNB) were studied as part of the solutions proposed.
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The case of the Philippines is an example of a developing country where the climate change legal framework still needs to be improved in order to have a balanced and fair approach towards the international agreements. Due to the country’s high vulnerability to climate change effects, adaptation is stated as a priority in the main legal instruments. The national government sees mitigation as a task which directly depends of financial and technical aid from the private sector and foreign assistance. This position is reflected in the building and construction sector, where mitigation, minimum decarbonization levels or net-zero buildings are not included in the weakly enforced green building code of the public sector. Why this topic matters?
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Problem identification: 5 gaps
General Gap 1.Incompatibility: LEED and BERDE, first generation of private GBRS, are not aligned with the CO2 emissions mitigation goals on a global scale (e.g. Paris Agreement) Philippines’ Gaps 2.Disconnected and inconsistent legal tools: Lack of continuity. Heterogeneities between the goals, the addressed sectors, how to address mitigation strategies and how to implement them (e.g. NDC). Incomplete, outdated and controversial information. 3.Building and construction sector policies’ disparities: The lack of a sound strategic framework hinders the sector and locks-in its potential 4.Parallel regimes: The public regime has a national legal framework (The Philippine Green Building Code) not well enforced. The private regime implemented market-based initiatives (LEED and BERDE) not harmonized with the national framework. 5.Unsatisfactory tailored approach: The process of how BERDE was created ( starting point strategies from international GBRS) is questionable when it comes to the Philippines’ context and demands, resulting in a poor national and local tailored approach
Example of scorecard analyzed
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Assessment strategy
More than 400 credits, prerequisites and strategies from 4 GBRS and 7 rating systems were analyzed and classified. Observations to support the assessment. Categories: D: Directly addressing climate change and mitigation I: Indirectly encompassing mitigation strategies N: Not applicable P: Potential to include CO2 emissions’ reduction strategies and the accountings of those reductions
Assessment: LEED, BERDE, EDGE and DGNB percentage of strategies’ targeting CO2 emissions’ mitigation (directly and indirectly related) per overaching category 1,6%
4,4%
4,4%
8,8%
8,8%
11,1%
1,4%
2,4%
2,2%
2,9% 8,8%
5,9%
11,2%
4,4%
8,0%
9,1%
10,3%
16,7%
20,7%
3,4% 3,4%
18,2% 32,0%
2,9% 3,7%
10,3%
14,8% 9,1%
20,6% 20,6%
18,5%
17,2% 12,7% 18,2%
12,0%
54 8,8%
11,8%
7,4% 8,0% 3,7%
17,6%
23,5%
24,1% 8,0%
18,2%
17,6%
16,0%
9,1%
7,5%
8,8% 8,0% 4,7% 26,7%
LEED BD+NC
26,5%
40,7%
27,8%
18,2%
83,3%
8,0%
7,3%
LEED CS
LEED OM
BERDE NC
BERDE OP
EDGE OFFICES
DGNB NC
DGNB NC*
Conclusion
A comparison among the systems is not a simple equation involving percentages of consumed resources or point-based rankings. None of the analyzed GBRS is suitable to be used around the world in all markets and legal contexts. Each case needs to be analyzed separately. All GBRS pursue environmental protection, differentiating in the comprised spheres and methodologies applied
LEED: for investors and governments that want to be perceived as sustainable on an international scale
BERDE: for investors, who look for the credibility of a system based on foreigner standards and foster a national product. The support of the PHILGBC is and advantage.
EDGE: methodology with solid economic and sustainable development concerns, shaped to have a high penetration rate and to improve non-industrialize markets
DGNB: not guided by revenues, guided by environmental achievements, excellent recognition and innovation on a legal sphere. However, such high standards are not applicable to third world countries, where governments still struggle to provide basic human needs in a decent way
Legend overaching categories Economic
Materials/Waste
Management
Location
Water
Transportation
Innovation
Regionality
Indoor Environmental Quality
Energy
Emissions
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Key performance assessment
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KATHIA ROMAN REINA Berlin, Germany +49 151 50974997 kathia.roman@gmail.com