Portfolio of Graduate Work by Kayla McElhoe

Kayla Kaufman McElhoe Portfolio of Graduate Work

Table of Contents

401 Wabash Avenue ........................... 1

Lake Michigan Pavilion ...................... 11

NetZero Education Center ................. 19

Community Hospital .......................... 33

401 Wabash Avenue Chicago, Illinois

Fall 2010

Team Project: Michelle Ryland

View North on Wabash Avenue

This project was a re-design of Trump Tower in Chicago, Illinois. Located in the heart of downtown, at the intersection of Wabash Avenue and the Chicago River, 401 Wabash was designed to maintain and enhance the beauty, culture and sophistication of this world-class city, and to symbolize the growth, energy and innovation of Chicago. The building offers an exceptional lifestyle for the building users through stunning architecture, unparalleled views, and new standards in amenities for guests and residents. The program included a hotel, residential, office and retail spaces, parking, as well as improvments to the riverwalk.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Chicago River

b Wa ash en Av

2.7째 slope

4째 slope

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

1.3째 slope

Site Plan

0 20 40

160 feet

L80 | Mechanical 3 L62 — L79 | Upper Condominium L61 | Mechanical

L43 — L60 | Lower Condominium L42 | Mechanical L24 — L41 | Hotel

L23 | Mechanical

L7 — L22 | Office

The Riverwalk provides a strong connection between 401 Wabash and Michigan Avenue. Visitors can enjoy the grassy terrace and the open-air retail center along the Chicago River. As they stroll between the colonnade of trees on the upper terrace or along the river at th elower Riverwalk, they are fully engaged in the site, enticing them to explore more of what 401 Wabash has to offer.

The Riverwalk

Riverwalk

Hotel Entrance Av en

Condo Entrance

Wa b

ash

Office Entrance Retail Entrance Fire Command Center Level 1: Lobby

0 10 20

80 feet

Level -1: Lower Wabash Retail

Level -2: Riverwalk Retail

Level -3 to -8: Parking Aerial View from Lake Michigan

0 15 30

120 feet

Levels 2-3: Retail

Longitudinal Elevation

Levels 4-5: Hotel Amenities

Levels 7-22: Office (Option C)

Transverse Elevation

0 15 30

Levels 24-41: Hotel

Levels 43-60: Lower Condominium

Levels 62-79: Upper Condominium

Building Efficiency Calculations Lobby

Required As required

Core GSF / floor 6,336

Total GSF 30,800

Total NSF 24,464

Occupancy Efficiency 79.4%

Program Efficiency

100,000

6,336

92,526

79,854

86.3%

‐7.5%

As required

6,336

454,831

410,479

90.2%

As required

6,336

59,760

47,088

78.8%

500,000

6,336

435,840

334,464

76.7%

‐12.8%

450,000

5,500

477,792

378,792

79.3%

6.2%

600,000

3,275

639,072

521,172

81.6%

6.5%

Floors 1 Retail Floors 2 Parking Floors 7 Amenity Floors 2 Office Floors 16 Hotel Floors 18 Condominium Floors 36 Mechanical Lower Wabash Retail Office Hotel Lower Condo Upper Condo Exterior Public Space TOTAL

As required

As required 2,600,000

6336

18550

6,336 6,336 5,500 3,275 3,275

29,520 25,200 21,552 17,904 14,256

12,214 23,184 18,864 16,052 14,629 10,981

65.8% 78.5% 74.9% 74.5% 81.7% 77.0%

92,500

100.0%

2,410,103

1,984,737

82.4%

‐7.3%

120 feet

Mechanical Riser Diagrams

9 Fireman’s Elevator Egress Stairs Condominiums Water & Drainage Electrical & Telecommunications Hotel Office Health Spa

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Retail

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Residential Structural System

Office Structural System

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Elevator Riser Diagram

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Elevator Organization

Lake Michigan Pavilion Chicago, Illinois

Fall 2009

Team Project: Michelle Mantegna

13 11

Northeast View toward Lake Michigan

This project was a proposal for a new beachfront along Lake Michigan. The existing site is underdeveloped breaking connections between the communities of Evanston and Chicago. Currently, it is difficult to navigate the site and access the beaches. The newly proposed site links the last one-quarter mile of biking and walking paths to Chicago’s thirty-six miles of lakefront. The design provides visitors with a place to enjoy all that Lake Michigan has to offer. It includes orientation kiosks, public walkways and bicycle paths, an education center, café, public restrooms, a sheltering pavilion, and market kiosks for a weekly Farmer’s Market. The proposed architecture, landscape and site design educate visitors on the value of water and encourage people to exercise, building a healthier population in the Chicago area.

14 12

Water and sun have an awe-inspiring relationship with each other. It is alluring the way the sun reflects on water, the way water reflects light, and how people are enticed to reflect on this relationship. This water pavilion experientially celebrates water and sun, creating places for observation, interaction, and reflection.

Northwest View from Peninsula

15 13

The sun reflecting off of the stainless steel steps on the peninsula creates a mirage effect. This effect acts like a natural lighthouse drawing visitors to the end of the site and prompting them to look back and reflect on the beach. Once people arrive at the end of the peninsula, they can interact with the human sun dial. The stainless steel platforms create steps leading up to the top of the peninsula. During the winter these steps are warmed by the sun creating a warm oasis. During the summer, people can enjoy lying on the cool grass terraces.

Site Plan

0 10 20

80 feet

Section through Site Lake Michigan

Running Path

Park

Active Participant Passerby

Observer

North Park and Market Kiosks

The market kiosks are located on the north side of the pavilion. The tables can be rented by local vendors and easily pulled out from the rainscreen. Passerbys can stop along the path to grab a quick snack and enjoy the sun on the patio.

The cafe, located directly below the main boardwalk, is like an oasis within the wave. Continuing the tensile wave form, the interior is completely white, creating a blank canvas for nature to paint.

Education Center

Observation Deck

Boardwalk

Cafe and Restrooms

Market Kiosk

Viewing platforms on the south side of the boardwalk provide a space for passerbys to sit and reflect on the lake’s relationship with the sun. Sunrises can be seen from this space, as well as views of the peninsula and surrounding sites.

New Cove

Beach

Patio Observer

Passerby

Active Participant

Active Observer

Passerby

Observer

Active Observer

Active Participant

Parking Lot Above Tensile Structure Supports

Dual Running Path and Delivery Route

Water Feature and Drinking Fountain North Patio

Boardwalk Above

Mens

Cafe Dining

Womens

Kitchen

Lockers

Market Kiosks

Mech. Storage

Family Restrooms

Lower Floor Plan

Patio

Cafe Restrooms

Beach

0” 0’-

5 10

40 feet

A major means of circulation throughout the space is a boardwalk, an iconic means of circulation on a beach. Made of Juniper wood, it creates a nice aroma when abraded by sand and holds up to the elements. The tensile structure above frames eastern views of Lake Michigan and creates shelter from the elements.

The education center, located on the north side of the boardwalk, has an open floor plan for flexible art, interactive displays and educational activities. The education center overlooks the north park and market kiosks, providing a different view of Lake Michigan.

The patio is made of white concrete, conceptually completing the tensile wave form. It wraps around and underneath the building, paralleling the movement of crashing waves. The concrete is coated with titanium dioxide, which captures sunlight, triggering a catalytic reaction and virtually cleaning the air around the patio.

North Orientation Kiosk

The orientation kiosks are located on the north and south sides of the site welcoming patrons to the beach. Announcements and orientation maps are displayed on the tensile shade structures. Their materiality provides a visual link to the main boardwalk, providing a means of wayfinding throughout the site.

South Orientation Kiosk

NetZero Education Center Long Beach, California

Spring 2010

Team Project: Justine Kane, Howard Yu & Geoffrey Clarkson

This project was part of The Leading Edge Competition held in Long Beach, CA. An awareness of the need for energy efficiency can only be conveyed through education, demonstration and practice. The goal of the design was to create a community center, both for education in energy efficiency and employment training. The program includes classrooms, offices, workshops, a library, and community gathering spaces. This education center creates an educational and sustainable atmosphere, while emphasizing affordability, constructability, and versatility through its various forms of sustainable strategies and design features. The building is designed to be a net-zero building by utilizing various passive strategies.

West Entrance

Entry Sequence Our team studied the design of the Getty Villa in Pasadena, California, paying close attention to the way it draws visitors in and leads them through the spaces. As visitors approach our site, the building slowly reveals itself behind the rolling hills along Long Beach Boulevard. The hills gradually decrease in size and intensity as the visitors approach the entrance. Once they discover the entrance, they cross a bridge, giving them a glimpse of the site that was hidden from the street. The entrance lobby displays a 2-story wall of falling water, collecting in an elongated, narrow pool. The overflow from the pool travels beneath a glass floor, leading the visitors onto a crosswalk that reveals an open-air courtyard. Visitors follow this axis, bringing them to the vertical circulation. From this point, they are able to discover the rest of the building in any combination of ways through physical exploration or through the dnamic versatility of the building.

Bus Stop

The center will be powered through the use of 7,100 ft2 of photovoltaic panels which will provide up to 640 KwH per day. The panels are also part of a solar tri-generation system which will generate power and hot water simultaneously. When necessary, the hot water will be used to condition the spaces with anabsorption chiller and radiant heating system.

Long ard ulev

h Bo

Beac

Site Plan

5 10

40 feet

Sunset Azimuth June 21st

Level-1

61Â°

Sunrise Azimuth June 21st

Level 1 - Main

The education centerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s form was driven by the optimization of natural ventilation and daylighting. The use of two narrow masses, as compared to one large mass, allows daylight to penetrate every space and channels the prevalent winds from the northwest to naturally ventilate the building.

South Elevation

Level 2

Level 3

West Elevation

6 12

48 feet

An increasing concern in the Long Beach area is the growning number of shipping containers. The exterior of the building utilizes recycled shipping containers from nearby shipping yards. Their modular design allows the center to use nearly 75% of each container, minimizing on waste material. The panels will also double as vertical shading along the east and west facades. Horizontal shading devices and light shelves, also cut from recycled shipping containers, are placed on the south faรงade, reducing solar heat gain throughout the day while still reflecting natural light into occupied spaces.

South Terrace

The south curtain wall incorporates an LED curtain system for showing movies at community events. The south end of the site is terraced from grade up to the railroad embankment, creating natural seating for picnics, performances, or screenings. To increase daylighting to the lowest level of the building, the land around the building will be terraced down four feet. The excavated dirt will be reused for the rolling hills along the Long Beach Boulevard entry path, which dramatically reduces the need for energy by eliminating the need to transport the excavated soil.

Interior Courtyard

Water shortage is an issue that has made itself evident in recent years, especially in Southern California. Eco-Machines cleanse collected wastewater through a series of cleansing cycles, beginning with the anaerobic stage within a septic tank below grade. It is then pumped up to the third-floor Eco-Machines for the aerobic stage, where the water is filtered through ten 150-gallon tanks and cleansed by plants, algae, and fish in a 50-hour natural process. This cleansed water then becomes a water feature that falls into the narrow pool in the lobby, then into large pools in the courtyard. This is where the final stage, the polishing stage, occurs as the water is further cleansed by plants and other natural processes. The clean product can then be reused for flushing toilets, irrigation and exterior washing.

Section Callout

Transverse Section

Section Callout

A NanaWall system is used on the lowest level to open the student lounge, and all windows will be operable to enhance natural ventilation.

Longitudinal Section

Solar panels on the rooftops convert solar radiation into electricity to be used throughout the building Concrete is used as the primary structure for the building, doubling as a thermal mass to help control variations in temperature Fly ash, a byproduct of the coal industry, is used in place of portland cement to reduce the embodied energy of the structure

Insulation slows the transfer of energy between the interior and the exterior, maintaining a relatively constant indoor temperature The cladding for the building is corrugated steel, salvaged from used shipping containers found at local shipping yards

The vertical shades along the east and west facades are cut and bent out from the corrugated steel cladding, reducing valuable time and resources

Full Wall Section

31 PowerLeap uses sensors along the edges of the floor to capture energy from vibrations as people walk

Light-colored walls reflect natural light deep into the space

Glazing on the west side provides natural light from the courtyard

Classroom Plan

Frosted glass walkways allow diffused light into the classrooms below

Thick concrete walls provide thermal mass

The angle of the vertical shades on the east and west facades are based 61째 on the sunrise and sunset azimuths of June 21st. This shields the building from harsh morning and evening light. Reflective shades block direct sunlight, but reflect diffused light into the space

Cool air is pulled in through large operable windows Summer Radiant Cooling

Warm air is pushed out through operable clearstory windows

Winter Radiant Heating Classroom Section

Terraces bring natural light into the lowest level of the building Drains collect rainwater to be reused throughout the building

Community Hospital Gardez, Paktya, Afghanistan

Spring 2011

Team Project: Angeline Stimpson

For this project, we worked alongside OWP/P | CannonDesign to design a Community Hospital in Gardez, a city in eastern Afghanistan. The greatest challenge of the project was incorporating all geographical, cultural and social aspects of the community, amidst the general organizational challenges of a hospital. The program included emergency, imaging, surgery, and labor & delivery departments, a laboratory, a pharmacy, an outpatient clinic, seperate menâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nursing wards, and also administration and back-of-house services. Due to geographical limitations, the entire hospital had to be built on one level.

Service Entry 34 Service Entrance

Ambulance Entry

Emergency Entrance

Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wards

Emergency

Surgery

Labor & Delivery Dining

Imaging Labs

Admin.

Main Entrance

Guest & Staff Entry

Pharmacy

Religious Center Menâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wards

Rehab. Outpatient

Outpatient Entrance

Family Housing

Educational & Nutritional Programs

175 feet

Burial Site

Site Plan Diagnostic & Therapeutic

Administration

Additional Programming

Nursing Wards

Support

Primary Circulation

Circulation

In an effort to create simple circulation for visitors, we decided to model the circulation of the hospital after something familiar to the people of Gardez - their own city. Our team analyzed the layout of the 35 city of Gardez in order to relate the organization of the city to the organization of the hospital. We 35 believe that having a hospital designed around local traffic patterns could help with way-finding for a population with extremely low literacy rates. Circulation is based on three main patterns:

Public

Semi-Public

City of Gardez • Red lines represent main highways in the city. The red nodes symbolize roundabouts where the public roads intersect. • Blue lines connect the main highways to the subdivision roads, colored yellow. These roads are usually only used if you know where you are going. • Yellow lines are the local roads like subdivisions and neighborhood streets.

Local

Community Hospital • Red lines correspond to the public hallways with circulation desks and a water feature, similar to the nodes in the city of Gardez. • Blue lines are the interdepartmental hallways that could be used by clinicians as well as public occupants who know where they are going. • Yellow lines are the hallways used by individualized departmental circulation. It is assumed that these hallways are not public.

Main Entrance to Hospital

The large Iwan arch entryway draws the attention of visitors to the main entrance when they enter the hospital complex. A round-about is centered in front of the main entrance to allow easy drop-off and pickup of patients.

Due to the high siezmic activity in the area, most buildings are only built to one story. For a hospital, in particular, this creates some interesting challenges with respect to the intersections between clinical hallways, sterile corridors, and public hallways. Our focus throughout the project was on function, efficiency, and patient safety and privacy.

Aerial View

105 feet

Diagnostic & Therapeutic

Administration

Additional Programming

Nursing Wards

Support

Primary Circulation

Community Center

The courtyard provides a buffer zone between the public Bazaar and more private menâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ward. A religious center was added for patients, staff, family and bazaar users. The religious center is oriented toward the south-east, facing Mecca, to respect those with Islamic belief. A water fountain in the middle of the Bazaar provides a elegant setting for ablution, or cleansing before prayer. A loggia connects the indoor and outdoor Bazaar, blurring the line between indoor and outdoor dining spaces.

38 39

Family Waiting

Dining Hall

Loggia The Bazaar

Religious Center

Courtyard

â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Men s r a W d

39 40

Loggia with Outdoor Bazaar

Due to the small percentage of people who utilize current hospital services, a major goal was to design a hospital that would encourage use of the facility for reasons health-related or not. The Bazaar promotes community involvement within a hospital setting. The hope is that visitors will become comfortable in a clinical setting, and when health issue arise, they will be more likely to visit the hospital. View of Bazaar Hallway

Interior Bazaar Section

D&T: Emergency

Currently, the city of Gardez has no infrastructure for emergency situations. However, the hope is to have an ambulance service in the near future. Therefore, the emergency department is designed with an ambulance dropoff.

40 55

Staff Staff

Doctorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office Ambulance Drop-off Triage

Guest Emergency Entrance

Waiting Room

Exam Rooms

Isolation Rooms

Nurse Station Treatment Room Plaster Room

agin

To Im

D&T: Imaging

The program called for one x-ray room in the ncy erge m emergency department and one x-ray E From room in the imaging department. X-Ray 1 The two x-ray rooms were placed adjacent to each other to accommodate X-Ray 2 surges in either department.

41 50

Ultrasound Room

Waiting Room

D&T: Outpatient Services This department was designed with an open layout to ensure easy navigation. A health education center was added to the original program to promote healthy lifestyles for Afghan community members. To encourage families to visit the clinic, flexible waiting areas are spacious enough for large families.

Dental Outpatient Entrance

To Pharmacy and Rehabilitation am nt Ex e ti a utp

Nurse Station Vaccination

Health Education

Room

om m Ro a x E tient utpa

Additional Outpatient Entrance

D&T: Surgery and Laboratory

The surgery department is located directly next to the emergency department to maximize care for critical patients. The clean corridor is located directly between the operating rooms and the sterilization & decontamination rooms for easy transfer of clean supplies. The centralized nurses station oversees patients in the PACU bays, prep bays and the isolation room. The laboratory and blood Staff bank are strategically Staff Lockers located adjacent to the Lockers operating rooms.

42 37 41

cy rgen

Soiled

Eme From

Clean

Operating Room 1

r ation

in ntam

ays rep B

Isolation Room

Laboratory Blood Bank

Courtyard

nd P

rrido

n Co Deco

Operating Room 3

Nurse Station a PACU

Clea

lizati

Steri

Operating Room 2

D&T: Labor and Delivery

The labor and recovery bays are located along a central courtyard to provide optimum views and daylight to female patients. Coupled nurse stations control access into this department. A family waiting room, complete with a full kitchen, provides a comfortable place for family to relax during extended stays.

43 42

d Soile

r and Labo

Courtyard

n Clea

Nurse Station

Delivery Bay

ays

B very Reco

Equip. Storage

Delivery Bay

Med. Gas Storage Nursery Nurse Station

C-Section Bay Family Waiting and Kitchen

Staff Lounge

Men’s Nursing Ward

In Afghanistan’s culture, it is tradition to separate the wards by gender. This design places the men’s wards on the south side of the hospital and the women’s wards to the north. The orientation of the beds allows patient to sleep on their right side, facing Mecca honoring Islamic preference. A courtyard connects the two Men’s Wards through a day room. Exam

44 43

Room Staff

Staff

Day Room Nurses Station

Isolation Room

On-Call Isolation Room

tyard

Cour

nt Patie s

Room e oung

e’s L Nurs

Women’s Nursing Ward The women’s ward is located directly adjacent to the emergency, surgery and labor & delivery departments to maximize female patient privacy during their stay at the hospital, per religious preferences. The women patients have a private clinical corridor to transfer them between departments without overlapping with male patient circulation.

45 44

nge

u ’s Lo

e Nurs

Cour

Room

tyard

nt Patie

Isolation Room

Nurses Station

Exam Room

On-Call

Staff

Day Room

Staff

Patient Room Module 46

The nurse-to-patient ratio in Afghanistan is very high. To maximize efficiency for nurses, we decided on a 4-bed patient room, with the privacy of a 2-bed patient room. The entrance to the room is centrally located so the nurse can see all patients simultaneously when entering the room. Bathrooms flank either side of the room so they are easily accessible for severely disabled patients. Each bathroom is then shared with the adjoining patient room, so there are no more than 4 patients per bathroom.

View from Nurses Station

Patient Zone Family Zone Clinician Zone

An important part of the healing process is access to daylight. With the strict privacy standards held by the 47 Islamic people, a big challenge was providing daylight simultaneously to every bedded patient. Our solution was through the use of clearstories above each bed. The correct angle was used to provide views of the sky, without any direct sunlight hitting the patient for an extended period of time. Natural ventilation is also accomplished through the use of clearstories. As air (predominently from the northeast) passes over the peaks, a negative pressure is created in the valleys, drawing the warm air out of the rooms through the clearstory windows.