Lyceum Kurunegala by kcdissa

ifrdac

we;=.,amqr ,hsishĂŻ cd;Hka;r mdi,

wfma ujqni isxy, NdIdjhs. oS¾> b;sydihlg Wreulï lshk isxy, NdIdj b;d iqkaor jq NdIdjls. nil f;o yÿkk ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdi, ;=<ska o ujqni yeoErSug orejkag wjia:dj ysñ ú we;’ ksjeros uÕ fmkaùula hgf;a isxy, NdIdj orejkag bf.k .eksug wjYh ish¨ lghq;= iïmdokh lr we;’ tu wjia:dfjka Wmrsu M, fk<d .;a wfmau mqxÑ ÿ orejkaf.a olaI;d l, t<s olsk fid÷re;u isysjgkhla f,i ud fuh olsñ. Y%jKh, l:kh, lshùu hk p;=¾úO NdId l=i,;djhkaf.ka fyì wfma ÿ orejkaf.a ,sùfï olaI;dj — ifrdac iÕrdj ˜ ;=<ska fuf,i f,djg újrKh lsrsug ,eîu wm ,enq ch.%yKhla nj ud m%ldY lrkafka yo msrs i;=áks. cd;Hka;r mdi,la f,i f,dalh lrd ksjeros oelaulska ksis f,i msh ukskakg orejkag wjldY i,id oSu wmf.a tlu me;=uhs’ ta i|yd wms ish¨ fokd lemjk nj ud i|yka lrkafka ksy;udkS wdvïnrhlsks. msfmk fk¿ï u,a jeks orejkaf.a wjHdc is;=ï me;=ï fuysos mdGlhdg yuqfõ. <ud ukfia mj;akd yeÕSï b;d iqkaorh. ta iqkaor;ajh —ifrdac iÕrdj˜mqrd úysoS we;’ fuys we;s ks¾udK lshùfuka <ud ukfia fudfyd;la .; l, yels nj ug is;sKs. iqmsmqKq l=iquka f,i f,dj iqj|j;a lrkakg fjr ork wfma wdorKSh orejkag bosrshg;a fujeks w.kd ks¾udK lsrSug wjYH udkisl Yla;sh ,efìjd hs uu m%d¾:kd lrñ. tfiau fï i|yd u. mdod ÿka .=re uKav,hg;a foudmshkag;a Woõ Wmldr l< ish¨ fokdg;a uf.a ia;+;sh mqo lrñ.

pkaok niakdhl úÿy,am;s ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdi, l=reKE., $ wkqrdOmqr

ifrdac

‘ifrdac’ úlis; jk ;=re fk;a o,ajd n,d isá ieuf.a fk;g ri÷kla fjñka, wNsfhda. uOHfha jqj, wo f,dju iqj|j;a lrñka fufia iqmqIams; ù we;. we;=.,amqr ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdif,a ¥ mq;=ka f.a fukau, we÷re uvq,af,ao ks¾udKYS,S odhl;ajfhka t,s olsk ‘ifrdac’ isxy, i`.rdj kj ;dlaIKh Tiafia äcsg,alrKh ù mdGl Tn i;=jkafk, fldfrdakd jix.;h rfÜu iuia: wOHdmk l%shdj,sh fukau, idukH ck cSú;hu wvmK lr we;s iuhl§h. mdi,la f,i wm iefjdu tlaj, ksy;udkSj ú|sh yels iqkaor i;=g thhs uqøs; i`.rdjla f,i Tn w;g m;a lsÍug ie,iqï lr ;snqko , mj;sk iSudjka ;=< ys|sñka u, mdGl riúkaokh Wfoid th fufia È. yefrkafka mdif,a úÿy,am;s ;=uka jk pkaok niakdhl ue;s;=ukaf.a ks¾udKYS,S kdhl;ajfhys iy u. fmkaùu ksidfjka neõ fkdlshd u neß lreKls. we;=.,amqr ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdif,a isxy, wxYfha m%uqL odhl;ajfhka yd iuia; .=re uvq,af,a iyfhda. fhka wmf.a ¥ mq;=ka f.a ks¾udKd;aul l=i,;d Tmj;a lsÍu msKsi, mdi, úiska .kq ,enQ ;j;a tla id¾:l iduQysl m%h;akhla f,i ‘ifrdac’ i`.rdj ye|skaúh yelsh. l=uk mr nila yeoErejo, ;u uõ ni ksis f,i yiqrejkakg fkdyels kï, mdif,ka iudchg msh ;nk orejd wx.iïmQ¾K mqrjeishl= jkafka ke;. ta nj uekúka mila lr.;a úYaj ;lai,djla jk ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdi,a cd,h ;=< isxy, NdIdj i|yd yels ieuúgu, ksis ;ek ,nd foñka, ¥ mq;=ka f.a isxy, NdId l=i,;d Tma kexùu i|yd úúO l%shdldrlï ixúOdkh lrkafka, wmf.a mrmqr fj; ksis u. fmkajñks. wfma uõ nio ksjerÈj mßyrKh l< yels úYaj mqrjeishka msßila rgg odhdo lsÍu ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdif, by< l,uKdldß;ajfha tla wNsu;d¾:hls. ‘ifrdac’ ta fjkqfjka bÈßhg ;enQ ;j;a tla id¾:l mshjrls. ta i|yd odhl jQ orejka fukau, Tjqkaj ks¾udK lghq;= i|yd Èßu;a l< Tjqkaf.a ohdnr fouõmshka yg o ia;+;sh mqo lsÍug fuh wjia:dj lr .ksñ. wm ‘ifrdac’ ;=<ska lshjkafka ks¾jHdc <ud ukihs. Tjqkaf.a <ud is;a ;=< msìfok fid÷re is;sú,s, jpk j,g fmr,S, ks¾udKh jk lú .S, rpkd, l;d, ,sms lshjd fudfyd;lg Tjqkaf.a f,dj ießirkakg wms mdGl Tn ieug idorfhka werhqï lrkafkuq. bkslaì;s, wfma ¥ mq;=ka f.a ks¾udKdl;aul l=i,;d ifrdac ;=,ska ;u ks¾udK f,djg y`v.d lshk we;=.,amqr ,hsishï ¥ mq;=ka f.a mkaysf|ka ;j fndfyda fid÷re ksuehqï wkd.;fha § ìys fõjd hs yoj;skau m%d¾:kd lrñ.

pkaok fyÜáwdrÉÑ m%Odkdph_, ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdi,, l=reKE.,.

ifrdac

ixialdrl igyk nqoaê j¾Okfha m%Odk idOlh jkafka NdId olaI;djhhs th j¾Okh lr .ekSug kï p;=¾úO NdId l=i,;djhka jeä ÈhqKq l< hq;=h .Ks; ;¾lK yelshdj fukau NdIdj idys;H fi!kao¾hh l%Svdj flfrys keUqrejk orejd wx. iïmQ¾K orefjls tjka mßmQ¾K orefjl= iudc.; lsÍfï tla wxY= ud;%hl W;aidyhla f,i ifrdac i`.rdj t<s olajkakg ,eîu wm ,o Nd.Hhla fldg i,luq udkj j¾.hdf.a wdrïNfha mgka ñksid yqol,d núka ñ§ug;a lsishï jQ úkaokhla ,nd.ekSu i|yd;a l=uk fyda fi!kao¾hd;aul wx.hl fhÿKq nj wm okakd lreKls yriqka ks¾udK iq,Nj we;s iudchl ienE fi!kao¾hfha rih ñysr isiq orejkag ú|skakg bvyir ie<iSu i|yd fujka jQ ks¾udK lsÍug w;ys; §u .=rejreka jeäysáhka jk wm ieuf. au hq;=luls tjka jQ w;ys; §ul m%;sM,hla f,i fuu ifrdc i`.rdj fujeks ld, jljdkqjl uqøs; udOHfhka t<s fkd±lajqjo úoHq;a udOHfhka th Tn w;g m;a lsÍug wm wm fï wjia:dfõ ;SrKh lf,uq ta i|yd m%Odkdpd¾h pkaok fyÜáwdrÉÑ uy;df.a lemùuo w.h l, hq;=h tfiau úoHq;a udOH fufyhqï l<ukdlre cks; Èidkdhl uy;d o wkqrdOmqr ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdif,a f;dr;=re ;dlaIK úOdhl ks,Odß liqka Èidkdhl uy;d o .%e*sla uqøK lghq;= j,ska iyh jQ nkaÿ, i|rejka ksYaYxl uy;d o ±la jQ iyfhda.h fuys,d i|yka l< hq;=h tfukau isxy, wxYfha ysudIkS ,shkf.a ks¾u,d isßj¾Ok ÿIHka;s k§Id Èiakd mqiafif.or iy ksrxc,d isßj¾Ok hk uy;aókaf.ka ,o fufyh w.h lsÍug o ud fuh wjia:djla lr .ksñ <ud uki iqks, Èh msreKq W,am;la n÷h thska .,d yef,k kejqï Èh oyr jeks ks¾udKhka ;j ;j;a fmdaIKh lrñka Tjqka Èß.ekaùu wm mdi, i;= j.lSuls tu j.lSu fmr±ß lrf.k l=reKE., ,hsishï issiq orejkaf.a ksi`. yelshdjka t<s fmfy<s lrñka m<uq j;djg t<s olajk fuu i`.rdfjka NdId idys;H flfrys keUqrejk fi!kao¾hfha rih ú|sh yels udkisl;ajhlska fyì ks¾udKYS,s woyiaj,ska fmdaIKh jQ mqrjeishl= iudchg ohdo lsÍfï W;aiyh id¾:l fõjd hs iqNdYsxikh lrñ iqcd;d wurisxy isxy, wxY m%Odk i`.rd ixialdrl

ifrdac

idys;Hfhka Ôú;hg iod;ksl ñksia ixy;sh Wiq,k wfkalú| ÿla fodïkia ksjd ikyd,kafka idys;Hfha mjke,a,hs. csú;h Ôj;a lrùfï wre;anr mdvu ñksidg W.kajkafka idys;Hhhs.

uqksjrfhl= n÷ ñksfil=f.ka ks¾ñ; wúysxidjdoS iudcfha uQ,sl wâ;d,u idys;H nj yeufokdf.au ms<s.ekauhs. tu ksid idys;Hh rfidaoa. ukh jkdys udkj Nla;sh mßmQ¾K;ajhg m;a lrjk iod;ksl O¾uhls. tfyhska idys;Hfha msßySu cd;sfha msßySug ux fm;a újr lrkafka ks;e;sks. idys;Hh hkq idys; nj hkak ir,j ye|skaúh yelshs. idys;Hh ú|Sug iqkaor;ajh wjYHh jkafka h:d¾:h yd udhdj w;r ms<sìUqj levm;la

ifrdac

fia fmkaùughss. h:d¾:h yd udhdj w;r ri .=,dj fmkaùfï m%ldYk udOHh jkafka NdIdjhss. NdIdj m%ldYk udOHh lr.;a .S;h” lúh yd udOHh rpkh tlS idys;Hfha W;a;=x. mrudo¾Yhkahs. tlS mrudo¾Yhka úkaokhg wjYH wdOHd;añl Ñ;a; rEm iuqodh ckkh jkafka fi!kao¾hhss. ñksi;a nj ms<sn|j ñksi;alfï .=K iqj| ms<sn|j ks¾u, jQ mKsúvh oi; úysÿjkafka fuf,isks. ñksid iqj|hs u, fia kqjKska t<shhs ysre fia mrù jefgkd ta ysre u, fï forfKA hkak j;auka iudcfhkA .s,sfyk .=K iqj| ms<sn| wxY= ud;%hl l;sldj .Sfhka újrKh fõ. thg wdila; jk udkqISh ixfõokd iqNdú; .S;h Tiafia iudc.; lsÍug j;auka idys;Hlrejd fkdmels<sj bosßm;a fjhs. ukao h;a idys;Hfhka Ooao,a jQ mßmQrl wd.ukh f,i 5

TjqyQ .S;h olshs. idys;Hh ;=<ska wfkal úO fida iqiqï iudc.; lrkafka .S;h fofjd,l foúhka fia yqoS ckhka olsk ksidfjks.

ke;. tu wrefudaiï f,dalh ;=< ;u wfodakd isrlrf.k flfia fyda Ôjk wr.,hg uqyqK oS f.dr;r iif¾ wkjr; .ukl ksr; fjhs.

rc ueÿrl bmoS isáhd kï msmqKq uf,a rej tu, olSfoda Tn;a rfcls mq;=fka... md¿ lrg kqfU wei fkd.efikakhs j;auka OkjdoS iudcfha wfkal ùÿre levm; ìu oeïfï úO lïlfgd¨ Tiafia mkakrh ,enQ mSä; ckhd ;=kal,aysu <h isÿre úisÿre lrk fï hfYdardj kxjkafka Tjqkaf.a mqj;a fu;rï iyDo wmg lgql;ajhhs. tu ksid Tjqkf.a oefkkafka ,hdkaú; mo je<mqu md,lhkag oekùug;a f.;a;fï we;s fYdaldka; idys;Hh Tjqkg ,enqKq bgq je<mqu ksidfjks. wdorh, foúfhl= jekak. lreKdj, ohdj ;=<ska W;a;=x. udkjjdoS ñksid ks¾udKhg idys;H bgq lrk l¾;jH id úi,a fkdjkafka o@ j;auka iudcfha mqyq wdfgdam-idfgdam j,ska ieriqKq l=Kq ´cia .,k iudcfha fndfyda uõmshjre ;u orejka Ok OdkHfhka wdvH lr;s. kuq;a iuyre foú uõjre mshjre fidndoyfï uqiqjg ;u lsßleáhka ikakoaO jk .=,auhkaf.ka ckkh jq lr;s. th .S; rplhd fufia iqmqIams; mqIamhka Tjqkaf.a rej olajhs. yd .=K iqj| flosklj;a ú|

ifrdac

uf. ÿfõ kqU wjosfhka kï fï /fha ïysrsu fj,djhs fodr werka t<shg wdfjd;ska fï ïysrs foaj,a kqUguhs fiamd,sld u,a ìug neye,d weúoskak hk fj,djhs mßirfha ñysßhdjg Ôjk ;kqj tlalr ;u ÿjksh /fha yd ojdf,a /l .kakg wjjdo fokafka Tjqkg fmr lS wdvH ji;= iïNdrh fkdue;s ksidfjks. WfmalaId is; fmroeßj Tjqka ;u <meáhka ikyd,kafka fl;rï wmQ¾jo@ Tjqkg we;s od fukau ke;sod o fmdf<dfõ mh .id Ôj;a ùug yelsjkafka fujka mßirhlh. idys;H udkqISh ixfõokd muKla fkdj Ôjk jD;a;Skag mK fmdjk lïlrejd fjkqfjkao ;u iafkayfha oE; os.= lrhs. md,l yd md,l mka;sfha oajkaO igkg ieuod Wrÿkafka ck igka muKla fkdj .s;h yd lúhhs. úfgl igka mdgo fmruqK .kshs. jrog tfrysj w; tiùuhs oÕ f.hs ,Eug wm ieu l<

ifrdac

jrohs f,iska ck iuQyfha wr.,hg .Sh mK fohs. ;j;a ;ekl fiajl fiajl yd fiajH .eg¿ yuqfõo .Sh bosßhg ths. wka;su od ì÷j f;la jev .kakd fiaajd ysñhd .h fiajlhkag i,lkafka ks¾oh yd wudkqIsl njls. th mkï wgla ug ißlr ÿkak yels kï n;a ñgla orejg ljkak wfka i¾ ug wkqlïmd fjkak f,iska fiajlhdf.a wfodakdj ;u md,lhdg okajkafka Tjqka ljod ñ;=rka fúo hkak fkdokakd neúks. ;u rdcldßh foaj ldßh fia ie,l+ Tjqkag mkï wg flfia fyda ;u Ôú;h iß lr .kshs. flfia fyda wjik ;u Ôú;h wd.ïjdoS keUqrejg .;lrk ñksid thska ;u fudla iqj m%d¾:kd lrhs. th Tjqka Ôú;fha mrudkkaoh ú|shs. .S rplhd tho ukdjg mo f.;a;ï lrhs. 7

.,la ù kï uu;a bjiñ hl=¿ myßka lemS fjkafjk Tfò ms<srej ksu lrkakg l,dlrefjl= w;ska ,efnkd thska ysñhqre l<d jQ Ydka;sh ug ,efíjd hkafkks flfia fyda wjik idys;Hfha wfmalaIdj ksjkhs. tkï ksùuhs. iod;ksl jQ .=Koï j, iqj| ohdÆ iudchg uqojd yeÍuhs. reÿre iudch f.dr;r núka uqojd iqmyka ck yo ixhufhka OHdk.; lsÍug kï idys;Hfha fmdaIKh ks;e;skau ,eîu w;HdjYH jQ lreKla nj udf.a woyihs. ukaoh;a wlïms; jQ udkqI;ajh wjYH idr.¾N moku wmg idys;H yd .S;fhka ñi wka ljrlska i,id .ksïo, udkqI;ajh yd idys;H w;r we;af;a wúfhdackSh ne|Sula nj wm ieug ikd: jk lreKls. .hdks os,arelaIsld .=re;=ó

ifrdac

u;lfha igyk

yskdfjka l;djla l;dfjka ñ;=oula f.dvke.=Ks wm w;r lsis osfkl fkdueflk ú,i úfgl ujl fuka úfgl fidfydhqßhl fuka ud is; fidrd .;a kqU Âúf;a fndfyda ;ekaj, ud osßu;a l< fijke,a, úh ud w;a fkdyeru isák tlu mdi,l tlu úIhla ;=<ska isiq orejkaf.a keKi mdok Tn;a uu;a ujl yd oshKshl n÷ hehs úfgl is; uquqKhs fifkfyjka;j kej; u;= osfkl Tn;a uu;a yuqjk mqxÑ me;=ula isf;ys r|jka f.jñ ld,h is; ;=áka wdorh ohdj lreKdfõ n, uysufhka Tn ;=<ska oel we;af;ñ wfkaljr nqÿka nqÿ jkag fmrEï msrE l< lsßmsvq odkfhka mqo ÿka tod weh wo Tn kï úh ysudIKs ,shkf.a isxy, .=re;=ó

fmdfidka fmdah ,xldfõ jdih lrk iEu isxy, fn!oaO jeisfhlau fmdfidka fmdah cQks ui b;d W;al¾Ij;a wkaoñka iurhs. wms fmdfidka fmdah iurkafka tosk ñys÷ uy ry;ka jykafia ,xldjg m<uq jrg nqÿ oyu /f.k wd oskh ksidh.

we;s jQ fjkialï wmf.a rgys oejeka; úm¾hdihka we;s lf<ah. tmuKla fkdj .ia .,a kd.hskag mqo mQcd l< wmf.a merKs uq;=kañ;af;da ta iEu fohlau kj;ajd m%fhdackhla we;s foaj,a lsÍug mgka .;af;dah. Tjqka nqÿka irK hñka ;eïm;a Ôú; .;lsÍug mqreÿ jQy. j¾:udkfha ckhd fmdfidka fmdfyda Èk Oj, meyefhka ieriqKq jia;% we| mkai,a j, f.dia is,a .ks;s. ;j;a iuyre wkqrdOmqrhg f.dia ñyska;,h je| mqod .ks;s. wßkaos chisxy 7 fY%aKsh

ñys÷ uy ry;ka jykafia wm rgg nqoaOd.u f.k tkak fya;=jla jQfha tl, wm rg rc l< foajdkïmh;siai rcq yd bkaoshdfõ rc l< O¾udfYdal rc;=udf.a ñ;% iïnkaO;djh ksihs. uyskaod.ukfhka miq wm rfgys ixialD;sl iy wd.ñl fjkialï j,g Ndckh úh. fi!kao¾hd;aul ks¾udKj, we;s jQ fjkialï ms<su l,dfjys

ifrdac

fldfrdakd l< yoshla fldfrdakd f,djlake;s lf<ah rgla ;ks lf<ah wm ÿria lf<ah fygla ke;s lf<ah fldfrdakd Ökfha jQydka m%foaYfhka Wm; ,enQfõh. fldfrdakd ksid wfußldfõ muKla ,laIhlg jvd jeâ msßila ;ju;a ñh hñka isá;s. wfma rfÜ Ôú; tfld<yla muK ì,sf.k we; tfukau f,dalfha oi oyia .Kkla ñksiaiq fï ffjrihg f.dÿre ù we;. fï udrdka;sl ffjrihg ;ju;a ksYaÑ; fnfy;la fidhdf.k ke;. f,dj ÈkQ uyd n,j;=ka mjd wo wirK ù isÜ;s. fldfrdakd ke;s f,djla Wodjk ;=re wms n,d isáuq. f;ikaÈ ishkaid 4 fY%aKsh

me;=u frda.h me;sÍu blaukska kj;Sjd ` wikSm jQ ieu blaukska iqj fõjd ` frda.h ksid lsisfjl=;a urKhg m;a fkdfõjd ` ish¨ rg jeishkaf.a ìh fYdalh ÿre fõjd ` blaukska uq¿ f,dalfhkau ;=rka fõjd ` fldúâ 19 iufha ,enQ w;aoelSï mjqf,a ish¨ fokd f.oru isáhd f.org kEoEfhda wdfõ keye. wms f.j;a;la yeÿjd. wïuhs uuhs ri lEu yeÿjd. wïud lfâ f.dia f.org we;=,a fjkak l,ska kEjd. fldúâ .ek oek.kak w;a;d ks;ru m%jD;a;s ne¨jd. fodia;r fyo rKúre kekao,d udu,d wmsj /l .;a;d.

fu;a m;srK 1 - c

ifrdac

uu mekai,la uu wdfõ fjk;a rglsk.s uu ksodf.k weyefrkfldg ysáfha lvhlhs. mqxÑ <ufhla udj ñ,oS .;a;d. mqxÑ <uhd uf.ka ,iaik wl=re ,sõjd. uf.a W, wvq fõf.k hkfldg thd udj W,a l<d. ug álla ßÿkd. ojila ú;r .shdu uu áflka ál fldg jqKd. Bg miafia uu yqÕla fldg jqKdu udj úislr,d oeïud. flfkl=g Woõjla fjkak mq¿jka jqK tl .ek uu i;=gq jqKd. Y,sks .=K;s,l 3 fY%aKsh

mekai,la l;dlrhs uu mqxÑ <uhskaf.a ñ;=frls. ñksrka iy ,S j,skqhs uu bmÿfka. mqxÑ whg ,shkak uu Woõ lrkjd. ug mdg mdg hd¿fjda f.dvdla bkakjd. uu ,shk tajd ulkakg mq¿jka. uf.a ku mekai, fõ. f;úkaos úfÊr;ak 1 - fY%aKsh

ifrdac

uu .ila fjñ uu uf.a w;= yeu ;eku fyd¢ka úyso,d ñksidg fijK ,ndfokjd. iuyr ñksiqka udj foaj;ajfhka o i,lkjd. kuq;a iuyreka udj lmd udj úkdY lrkjd. wms fï f,dalfha ke;sodg fï uq¿ f,dalhu úkdY ù hdú. Tn;a Tfí rgg fï f,dalhg wdof¾ kï uu jeks .ia ;j;a isgqjkak. b,SId j,amsg.uf.a 2 fY%aKsh

wl=re lr jQ .=re;=ñhg

msks jefgk ysñosßfha u,a jegqKq idß yeo ismay,g mshk.d uq;=fmdg fia wm jgfldg, ril;d lshñka wl=re lrjQ Tn t;ekskq;a fkdkej;S ysre wjrg hk fudfydf;a;a tf,iu wm jgfldg fifkfy fn¥ Tn kQ;k osidmdfudla fodafydahs isf;a fkdfhla jr ug .=re uEKshks, Tn Wjï jkakg fkdue; ug joka isiq orejka msßjrd wl=re lrjk i| ud wefia Tn joka fodaxldr foñka ud ijk; kej;;a kej; kej;;a osiakd mqiafiaf.or .=re;=ó

ifrdac

jeiai

iq<x yukjd’ .ia fi,fjkjd’ uq¿ wyiu yhsfhka iq<x yeuqjd l¿ lrf.k wyi l¿ jqK ksid jeiai jyskjd’ l=re,af,da l+vq j,g .shd’ ñÿ, mqrd j;=r msß,d wl=Kq .yñka jeiai mgka jejla jf.a .;a;d’ yßu wf.hs’ ñÿ, mqrdu j;=r msß,d’ jeiafia uuhs kx.shs fndaÜgq yo,d f;ó f;ó j;=fr heõjd’ fi,a,ï lrkak ys;=Kd’ i|,s kjr;ak 2 fY%aKsh

jeiai jyskafka ñÿf,a j;=r msfrkafka l=re¨ megjq l+vq fidhd mshTd hkafka fyda fyda .d jysk jeiai wl=Kq úÿ,s fldgk jeiai isis,a iq<x yuk jeiai we< fod< .x msfrk jeiai os,añ o is,ajd 2 fY%aKsh

ifrdac

yxil 2 fY%aKsh

wl=Kq .ihs úÿ,s fldghs jeiai jefghs ñÿf,a j;=r msfrhs ñÿf,a j;=r msfrkjd jeiaig Tre hkjd jeiafia wms f;fukjd jeiaig yß iS;,hs ñksmd j,siqkaor 2 fY%aKsh 13

fi!r.%y uKAv,h .=rejre foújre .%yf,dal 8 lska wm fi!r.%y uKAv,h iukaõ; fõ. tajd kï nqO, isl=re, mDÓõ, wÕyre, n%yiam;s, fikiqre, hqf¾kia yd fkmapQka fõ. ñka úYd,u .%yf,dalh n%yiam;s jk w;r l=vdu .%yf,dalh nqO .%yhdh. Ôjhg jvd;au ys;lr mßir ;;ajhla we;s .%yhd jkafka mDÓõ .%yhdh. fikiqre .%yhd w,xldr ¥ú,s j<¨ j,ska iukaú; fõ. ish¨u .%yhka ;uka jgd ol=Kq foig lerflk w;r iQ¾hd jgdo lerflfjñka .uka lrhs. fuu .%yhkag Wm .%yhkao we;. mDÓõhg pkaøhd fiau nqO .%yhdg Wm .%yhka 02 l=;a wÕyreg .%yhka 02 l=;a n%yiam;sg .%yhka 67 l=;a fikiqreg .%yhka 42 l=;a msysgd we;. wm Ôj;ajk YSrm:h lsß ihqr f,i ye|skafõ. fu;=,s chiQßh 6 fY%aKsh

ieuod Wohu mdi,a tkafka WoEiku wm ieu ms<s.kafka ks;ru Tjoka wm yg fokafka ñysmsg foújre .=rejre jkafka wl=re tlska tl lsh,d fokafka oekquhs i;=ghs wmg fnokafka f,vla ÿlla kE is;lg .kafka wmg f,vla jQ úg ÿla jkafka ieuod wm .ek fidhd n,kafka oekqfuka wmf.a fud, mqrjkafka foudmshka ke;s wvqj ulkafka ñysmsg .=rejre foújre jkafka ví,sõ tï fi;=ï,s úl%uisxy 3 fY%aKsh

ifrdac

fyd| krl mdvu uq¿ f,djla tlu wNsfhda.hlg uqyqKÿka fujka wjia:djla b;sydih mqrd wmg w;a olskakg fkdyels jQ nj Tn wm ieu okakd lreKls. fldfrdakd ffjrih ke;fyd;a fldúâ 19 uq¿ f,djgu wd.ka;=lh. th uq,skau werUqfka Ñkfha jQydka k.rfhks. miqj tu ffjrih uq¿ f,djgu jHdma; ùug .; jqfka b;du flá ld,hls. fuu ffjrifha RKd;aul me;a; wm uú;hg m;a lrkq ,nkafka ta i|yd fuf;la ksis T!IOhla fidhdf.k fkdue;s ksihs. iEu rglau mdfya ta i|yd fï jk úg T!IOhla tkak;la w;ayod n,k uÜgul mj;S.fuu ffjrifha w;sYh Nhdkl ;;ajh jkafka úfYaIfhka fkdfhl=;a ixl+,;d we;s fndfyda úg jhi wjqre ÿ 60 g jeâ mqoa.,hkagh. iuyr tfia ixl+,;d we;s wvq jhia lKavdhï j,go fndfyda úg urKhg m;ajkakg ùu lK.dgqodhlh. tfukau urKhg m;a fkdjQj;a iuyr wjia:dj, tys w;=re wdndO

ifrdac

we;sjk njg oekg lrk kj;u mÍlaIK j,ska fidhdf.k we;. tfiau fndfyda rgj,a jidoud ixprK iSud l< wjia:dfõ mqrjeishka ksfjia j,g iSud ù isàfuka o fndfyda .eg¿ we;s ù ;snQ njg olskakg wikakg ,enqKs. udkisl wd;;sh jeäúu, hym;a udkisl uÜgu my< hdu, .Dyia: ysxikh jeäùu, wd¾Ól uÜgu my< jeàu ksid ta wdYs%; .dg¿ we;sùu fuu ffjrifha jHdma;sh iuÕ we;s jQ RKd;aul n,mEï j,g WodyrK f,i oelaúh yelsh. uq¿ f,djla le<UQj;a NS;shg m;a jQj;a ck Âú;h wvd, l<;a rgj, wd¾Ólh RK jqj;a fï ksid wmg we;s jQ Okd;aul m%;sM,o b;d úfYaIs;h. thska m%Odk lreKq lSmhla fufia oelaúh yel. iïmQ¾Kfhka ixprK lghq;= iSud l< ksid ish¨ mqrjeishka ;u ksfjig ù isàfuka mjq,a w;r iyfhd.S;djh hym;a mjq,a mßirhla we;sùu b;d jeo.;ah. tfukau ksjfia msisk wdydr j,g muKla iSudùu iy ta fya;=j ksid wkjYH úhoï 15

ùu, f.j;= j.djkag fhduq ùu, ksjfia /f|ñka mjqf,a idudcslhka ta i|yd iïnkaO ùu, fkdfhl=;a kj ks¾udK j,g fhduq ùu, foaYSh T!IO Ndú;h jeäùu, wkjYH .uka ìuka iïmQ¾Kfhka k;r ùu, u;ameka u;aøjH j,g fhduq jQjka bka wE;a ùu wdoS Okd;aul m%;sM, fuu ffjrih ksid wms w;aú|suq. by; lS ldrKd ksid wkjYH úhoï wvq ùfuka wmf.a wd¾Ólhg th jdisodhl m,mEula jQ nj o lsj yelsh. tfiau ;j;a úfYAIs; Okd;aul m%;sM,hlg wms uqyqK ÿkafkuq. tkï ish¨ mqrjeishka ksjeros foag fhduq ùuhs. tu mqreÿ ñka bosßhg mj;ajdf.k hdfuka isÿjkafka hym;a m%;sM,hlauh. ks;r oE;a fiaoSu, uqj wdjrK me<oSu, iudc ÿria:Ndjfhka isàu ljo;a fyd| mqreÿh. tfiau mqrjeishka kS;s j,g wjk; ù isàu;a fuu ffjrih ksid wm ,enQ hym;a .=Kdx. hls. f,djla fy,aÆ f,djla NS;sfhka uqim;a l< f,dju tl rgdjlg wkq.; l< uq¿ f,dj ñksiqka tl iudk l<

ifrdac

Wia my;a W.;a kQ.;a ÿmam;a fmdfydi;a fNaohkag wNsfhda. l< fï fldúâ 19 ffjrifha n,mEu wm w;ßka i|ygu úfhda ù ke;s neúka ta i|yd wm iEu úgu wjOdkfhka isàu jeo.;ah. iqcd;d wurisxy .=re;=ó

uf.a iqr;,d uf.a mQid yßu ,iaikhs. mQid lsß fndkak yßu wdihs. uf.a mQid iqÿ mdghs. uu th;a tlal fi,a,ï lrkjd. uf.a mQidg yßu wdofrhs.

uf.a iqr;,df.a ku ämam.s thd f.dvdla ,iaikhs. thd ud;a tlal fi,a,ï lrkjd. ämams oeka uf.a <Õ keye. thdg uu f.dvdla wdofrhs. ñfy,s nq¨j, 1 fY%aKsh

,siiakd osidkdhl

thdf.a ku lsà l¿u l¿hs oÕu oÕhs ux mdi,a .syska f.or hkfldg mqre mqre lsh,d uf.a ll=f,a oejfgkjd thd fndkafku lsß thdg ux f.dvdla wdofrhs.

uf.a iqr;,d n,a,dh. Wf.a ku fgã h. uu W!g lEu fokjd. fgãg uu f.dvla wdofrhs. ßúc nKavdr 1 fY%aKsh

ukaÿ,S 1 fY%aKsh

uf.a iqr;,d äxls” n¨ meáhhs. äxls ud;a iuÕ ug nqr nqrd fi,a,ï lrkjd. äxls yßu fyd|hs. uu äxlsg wdofrhs.

thdf.a ku áà. thd yßu ,iaikhs. áà wmsg yß wdofrhs. wms;a tlal fi,a,ï lrkjd. áà yßu fyd|hs. ßiskaos fiakdër 1 fY%aKsh

ilsÿ j,afmd, 1 fY%aKsh

ifrdac

uf.a iqr;,df.a ku fvd.shd W! l¿ mdghs fvd.shd lieu,shs fvd.shd ug wdofrhs uu;a fvd.shdg wdofrhs ,sidrd rhks 1 fY%aKsh

uf.a iqr;,d mQfils. Wf.a ku lsà. lsàf.a weÕ w¿ mdghs. lsà yßu ,iaikhs. uu lsàg yß wdofrhs. fikq,ahd chfldä 1 fY%aKsh

ifrdac

bkaiamS% jeú bjqr wjos fjñ uu hñ bkaiamS%hg oekau u ioï tys me,am;la l=vd lgq ueá .eiQ iod.ï f.j;a;la fm,ska fm< ìï fldgd iod foñ ìÕ=ka yg /f|kakg johlao Jiñ uu ;ksju me,amf;a ud ;ekQ ìÕ=ka .=ï .S koska ijka hq. iqjm;aj iykhls .; is;g /ys ko rc lrkd ;=re úhk isÿre lr m;s; jk ysñosßh /fha ueoshï wyi u| wÿf¾ osÿ,oaos oyj,g ta wyi .skshïh oïmdg

ifrdac

ieoE wyio fid÷re ,sysKs ?kska msreKq

wefia ug ta yËu jeõ bjqf¾ r< ìfok isyskjg wefia ug osjd ? foflaosu wjos fjñ oekau hñ yeroud k.rhu mosl fõosld w÷re ùos ÿyqú,s msreKq ví. î. hSÜia ú,shñ nÜ,¾ hSÜia kï jQ wh¾,ka; cd;sl f,aLlhd o f,ala whs,a T*a bksiamS% hk ldjH rpkd lrkafka oyku jk ishjfia wjika oYlfha§ h. f,aLlhdf.a ksc ìu jk ngysr wh¾,ka;fha ví,ska ys fid÷re <udúh .;l< Tyqg fh!jkfhl= f,i tx.,ka;hg tkakg isÿ fõ. tfy;a Tyqg yqre ksixi, .%dóh iqkaor;ajh ms<sn| u;lhka Tyqf.a uki ;=< ksn| ießirhs. bkaiamS% hkq wh¾,ka;fha f,d.ays,a m%dka;fha ia,sf.da kï jQ msáir fmfoil msysá j¾. ie;mqï wgl muK jmißhla we;s ukialdka; jejls. tys wo we;s l=vd ¥m;l yqol,dj osú f.jQ tla;rd mqoa.,fhl= ms<sn|j hSiaÜf.a mshd úiska Tyq l=vd l, mjid we;. hSÜia ;u <ud úfha oS

fuu jeõ biau;af;a Tyqf.a ld,h .; lsÍug reÑhla olajd we;. ;reK hSÜia tx.,ka;fha ùoshl msh k.k úg tla;rd iqr;,a i;=ka we;slrk idmamqjl ùÿrejla ;=<ska ÿgq lD;Su osh myrla “o f,ala whs,a T*a” ˜ lúh ,shkakg Tyqj fmd<Ujd we;. tu l=v osh myr hSÜia ;reKhdj ukiska bkaiamS%h fj; le|jdf.k hhs. fuu fid÷re lúh ,shkakg fya;= idOl jk miqìu thhs. fuu lúfha W;a;u mqreI l:kfhka l;d lrk l;dkdhlhd ieneúkau isákafka k.rfha h. Tyqq k.rh lrd ixl%uKh ùug Tyqf.a ffojh úiska fya;= ldrKd i,id we;s fihls. mdGlhdg fuu lúh lshjk úg fndfyda ukia rEm wefokq we;. fndfyda foa is;kakg b;sßjkq we;. fuu ldjH mqrdjg hSÜia wmj fid÷re ksixi, .eñ mßirhlg ukiska le|jdf.k hhs. lúfha isák l;dkdhlhdg wjYH jkafka k.rfha f.dryeä lgql mßirfhka ñoS .eUqre ksyv;djhla rchk bkaiamS% jeõ bisu;af;a vd me,la idodf.k tys yqol,d osúhla .; lsÍughs. fuys oS mdGl wmg is;kakg jeo.;a lreKla we;. l;dkdhlhdg fï ;rï k.rh tmd jkakg ld;a ljqre;a ke;s mßirhl

ifrdac

yqol,d jkakg ;rï is;sú,a,la my, jkakg fya;=j l=ulao @ fï iEu m%Yakhlgu mdGlhdg ßis mßos uk#l,ams; l;djla ;=< ms<s;=re fidhd.; hq;=h. l;dkdhlhd lúfha uq, isgu Tyqg yqol,d ùug we;s oeä jqjukdj ms<sn| i|yka lrhs. ieneúkau Tyq isákafka k.rhl nj wm oek.kafka fma,s fod<ylska hq;a fuu lúfha tfld<iajk fma<sh lshjk úghs. tu fma,sh yefrkakg wfkla fma,s ish,a,u fjkaj we;af;a .eñ mßirfha we;s fidndfi!kao¾h ms<sn| úÑ;%j;a f,i jpkfhka Ñ;%hg kef.k ldjHuh j¾Kkdjlg h. l=uk fya;=jla ksid fyda .fuka k.rhlg ixl%uKh jQ wfhl=g hSÜiaukaf.a fuu lúh ;ud fjkqfjkau ,shk ,o lúhlehs yefÕkq we;. k.rfha ux udj;aj, mosl fõosldj, l;dkdhlhd olskafka ÿï frdgq j,ska jeiS.sh w¿ meye;s w÷rls. th k.rh ;=< isÿjk mßir ¥IKh ixfla;j;aj leá lrk ,o jHx.d,xldrhls. k.rh ;=< we;s jdyk ;onoh l,n,ldÍ f>daYdldÍ nj, ld¾ólrKfha w;=reM, f,i yqjd olajkakg hSÜia Wmfhda.S lr.kafka tlu tl fma<shla 20

muKs. tu jpk lsysmh ;=<ska tjka kd.ßl mßirhla ms<sn| ßis fia ukia rEmhla we|.ekSfï ksoyi hSÜia úiska mdGlhdgu mjrd we;. k.rfha we;s wúfõlS, f>daYdldÍ mßirh;a wE; msáir no , ksixi, , ksoyia mßirhla ukiska ii|d ne,Sug hSÜia úiska mdGlhdj fmd<Ujkq ,nhs. ta i|yd ;j;a ldjH Wml%uhla f,i Y%jH oDYH yd iam¾Y hk ;=ka wdldrhgu ixl,am rEm mdGlhdf.a uki ;=< cks; lsÍug iu;a jk whqßka lúhd Tyqf.a joka je, fm<.id ,nhs. fï l;dj werfUkafka bksiamS%h fj; hEug n,j;a wNs,dYhlska fmf<k l;dkdhlhdf.a iQodku;a iuÕhs. “wjos fjñ” oekau hñ bksiamS% fj; ˜” l;dkdhlhd tfia mjikafka bkslaì;s Tyqf.a ie<iqu o mdGlhd yuqfõ ;nñks. Tyqf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=j jkafka bkaiam%Sh fj; f.dia tu jeõ biau;af;a l=vd lgq ueá me,la iodf.k Tyqf.au f.j;a;la iodf.k ;ukaf.a mdvqfõ yqol,dj isákakg h. Tyqg wjYH jkafka ta Ydka; iqkaor fidnd isßh ri ú|sñka ;u Ôú;hg iduh iekis,a, iod. kakgh. ta i|yd Tyq f;dard. kafka jeõ ;djq,a,l jk ,eyenla woaor, l=vd me,am;l f.jk ir,

ifrdac

w,afmaÉP osúhls. ví. î. hSiaÜ kï wh¾,ka; cd;sl lúhd fï mjikafka wm woyk nqÿ oyfï i|yka jk pdï, w,afmaÉP nj ñi wka ljr oyulao@ fuys i|yka l;dkdhlhd fukau, iqúi,a k.rhl ießirk w;rjdrfha fufia oj,a isysk olsk ckhd flf;la we;aoehs is;kakg hSÜia úiska mdGlhdj fmd<Ujkq ,nhs. Tyq k.rh .ek lsisjla fkdmjikakg ;rï u k.rh tmd ù we;s fihl. ta fjkqjg Tyq lrkafka wE; msáir .ïno fidnd fi!kao¾h ms<sn| pu;aldr ukia rE mdGlhdf.a is; ;=< w|sñka, mdGlhdj ukiska bkaiamS%h fj; le|jdf.k hduhs. jeõ biau;af;a boslr we;s l=vd lgq ueá me,g msgqmiska uyd rEiai .iaj,ska msßKq yß; jkhls. jeõ ks,a oshjßka, Bg by<ska ksoyia ks,a wyia úhk;a hk fï ieullau tlg ixl,kh lr.;a l, th fid÷re is;a;ula lsÍug ;rï is;a;frl=g w.kd ixl,amkdjls. oji mqrdu jkdka;rfhka wefik ?yskaf.a yË l;dkdhl b;d wdidfjka ri ú|sh.s th Tyqf.a is; ksjd,hs. k.rhl we;s lfGdar njg idfmalaIj jk ,eyenlska kef.k ?ys yË fl;rï ñysßoehs oefkkakg kï mdGlhdo lsishï fyda osfkl

fkdlvjd kef.k ?ys yË g ijka oS ;sìh hq;=uh. fuu lúfhys .eíjk .%duH ixl,am rEm lsysmhla we;. ó ueiaiksf.a .=ï ko, ?yskf.a kdoh fukau, jeõ bjqf¾ osh r< ìfok ñysß yËo fidndoyfï ix.S;hla n÷h. Tn;a floskl fyda jeõ bjqrl ys|, jeõ osh r< yËg ijka oS we;s, tfukau jeõ osh u;ska isys,a iq<x /,a,l myi õ| we;s, tfiakï Tn lúhd iuÕ bkaiamS%ys fidnd fid÷re nj ú|Sug tl;= jkq fkdwkqudh. fuu lúhg l;dkdhlhdf.a is; ksjk f;da;ekak jeõ bjqrhs. fl;rï iqj myiqj ;snqko ta iemg jvd jeõ biau;af;a ;kd.;a l=vd lgqueá mef,a .;lrk yqol,d Ôú;fha Tyqg iemlss, i;=glss, iykhls. Tyq mjik mßos rEiai ;=re úhka isÿre m;s; jk ysre lsrK ojig fidÿre werUquls. osjd l< ysre .sks.;a wyi leo,s lrd mshdirK úyÕ ?kska msÍ hhs. rd;S% ld,hg uo w÷f¾ osf,k ksii, wyfia wisßh l;dkdhlhd ri ú|sh.s ¥ú,s ;ejreKq l,n,ldÍ mosl fõosldfõ isák l;dkdhlhd is;ska .õ .dKla ÿr .uka lr Tyqf.a is; m;=,g lsod nei we;s bkaiamS% mßirhg msõfikafka isyskhla olsk ú,isks. Tyqf.a taldhk

ifrdac

wosgk k.rh yeroud yels ú.iska bkaiamS%h fj; hdughs. wo ld,fha yeáhg kï fuh tla;rd wdldrhl wNsksIal%uKhl. hSÜia ;u lúh j¾Kj;a lsÍu i|yd ixl,am rEm fukau, w;sfYdala;s j¾Kkdjo Wmfhda.S lr .kS. Tyqf.a iufha tx.,ka;fha mej;s ld¾ólrKh;a, kd.ÍlrKh;A ms<sn| jHx.fhka ;u wlue;a; m< lrk hSáia, fidndoyfï fid÷re mshlre nj ms<sn| mdGlhdg wjOdrKh lr isà. ta yeufoalgu jvd fuu lúh ;=<ska mila jk ;j;a .eUqre O¾u;djhla we;. ta wka ljrlaj;a fkdj, wm nqÿ oyfuys i|yka ir, pdï osú fmjf;a we;s jákdluhs. o f,ala whs,a T*a bkaiamS% lúh ;=<ska wm olskafka wka lsisjl= fkdj, ví. î. hSÜia kue;s lúhduh. bkaiamS% ys is; ksjk ir, osúh Tyqf.a is; ;=< rchk isyskhls. th h:d¾:hla fkdjQjo, Ôú;fha ienEu ksoyi mjikafka yqol,d ùu ;=<u muKla fkdfúo@

pkaok fyÜáwdrÉÑ

uõ msh .=K lú wïud uf.a f,dalhhs wmamÉÑ uf.a ùrhhs Tjqka uf.a m%dKhhs uu Tjqkaf.a Ôjhhs f,a lsß lr ug fmdjd Ys,am oekqu ug fojd oyosh uq;= leg l<d foudmshka lem jqKd fyg ojig uÕ lshhs yß jereoao ug lshhs jrog ovqjï lrhs ksjeros orefjl= yohs ,shkaid r;akdhl 4 fY%aKsh

oi uila l=i ord ? osjd ksos jrd f,dalhg W;=ï jia;=jla f,i is;d wdofrka ud fuf,djg ìysl< wïud wef.a l=i ork ud /l .ekaug ksfïIhl=ÿ úfõlhla fkdf.k ug /ljrKh ÿka uf.a wmamÉÉ jekaf|ñ fodfyd;a uqÿka f.k Wfoa iji flf,i Kh f.jkafkñ o ud uf.a uõks mshdfKks fuh Wmydrhlau fõjd ` oïird osidkdhl 6 fY%aKsh

ifrdac

wïudf.a fifkyi uõ fifkyi hkq ujl úiska ;u orejkag wiSñ; wdorhhs. uõ fiafkyig f,dj lsisÿ fohla iu l< fkdyel’ uõ fifkyi fl;rï w.fkaoehs merekakka fufoa ,shd ;enQy “ysref.a wdf,dalh;a ujf.a wdorhla we;s kï ukrï f,dalhla ks¾udKh fõs” hkqfjks.s uõ fifkyi iSud jkafka ñksiqkag muKla fkdfõ. ;sßika i;=kag o ujf.a wdorh ,efnk nj fkdryils. wmg Wmka od isg ñh hk;=reu ujf.a wjYH fõ. wehf.a fifkyig iSud mjqre ke;. wiSñ;j ;u orejkag wdorh fnodfok weh ;udf.a iem myiqj .ek fidhd fkdn,h. ;u orejkaf.a iem;u m;hs. wmg l=uk iem myiqlï ;snqK;a wïudf.a wdorh fkd,efí kï th uy;a wvqjls. ;u orejka Wmkaod

ifrdac

isg <ud ;reK uy¨ wjoSkag m;ajQjo wïudg ;u orejd l=vd orefjls. weh wm yohs, jvhs, ljhs, fmdjhs. wmg f,vla ÿlla jQ úg weh fndfyda ÿla fjh. wmf.a iemf;aoS weh ;rï i;=gqfjk flfkla ;j;a ke;. weh wmg Wmka od isg ,ndÿka fifkyig wmso l<.=K i,luq. nqÿka mjd ;u wïudg l<.=K ie,l+ nj wms oksu. f.or nqÿka wïud f,igo weh y÷kajkafka weh wmg fojk nqÿka yd iudk jk ksidh. fndÿ orejka wehg l<.=K i,lkafka oiudfia Wf¾l;ajd fmdafia isjqoaêldrKx wdhq§>x jiaii:x ud;+ mdox kuduyx hk .d:dj lshd weh jkaokd lrñkah. wms osú fojeks fldg wmf.a ujg i,luq. bkqls fk;drd mSßia 5 fY%aKsh

uf.a rg fï uf.a rghs wm yefok rghs rg jg uqyqohs ,iaik uf.a rghs

uf.a rg yßu ,iaikhs ¥m;la jk uf.a rg bkaoshka id.rfha uq;= wegh f,i yÿkajhs. uf.a rgg uu yß wdofrhs.

ikq. ,Sfld<msáh 1 fYa%Ksh

iiaúÿ 1 fYa%Ksh

uf.a rg ,xldjhs. uf.a rg ,iaik ¥m;l. uf.a rfÜ f.dvla i;a;= bkakjd. ,iaik .x.d osh we<s ;shkjd. uu uf.a rgg f.dvdla wdofrhs.

uf.a rg ,xldjhs. th b;du;a ,iaikh. uf.a rfÜ .yfld<, l÷, i;=ka we;. ug uf.a rg .ek wdvïnrhs. uu ,xldjg wdofrhs.

ìfkõ fu;ais¨ - 1 fYa%Ksh

Tls;a wfíúl%u 1 fYa%Ksh

ux bmÿk rg ,xldj uf.a ,iaik rg ,xldj ux wdof¾ rg ,xldj uf.au uõ rg ,xldj

uf.a rg ,xldjhs. th bkaoshka id.rfha msysgd we;. uf.a rg ¥m;ls. ,xldj iqkaor rgls. Uu uf.a rgg f.dvdla wdofrhs.

i;aúre fiakdkdhl 1 fYa%Ksh

j.SI rKisxy 1 fYa%Ksh

ifrdac

uf.a rg ,xldjhs. th bkaoshka id.rfha uq;= wegh f,i y÷kajkq ,nh. uf.a rfÜ isxy,, fou<, uqia,sï yd n¾.¾ wdoS úúO ck fldgia Ôj;a fj;s. uf.a foaYh iajdNdj fi!kao¾hh w;ska ukrï osjhskls. uu uf.a rgg fndfyda fihska wdorh lrñ. uu uf.a rg /l .ksñ. rhka frdfiakac,a 2 fYa%Ksh

,xldj uf.a rg h. isxy,, uqia,sï, fou<, n¾.¾ yeufokdu iu.sfhka bkakjd. ,xldj bkaoshka id.rfhka jg ù we;. uf.a rfÜ .x.d we< fod< jkdka;r f.dvdla we;. uf.a rgg uu f.vdla wdofrhs. fudfyduâ rhshdka 2 fYa%Ksh

uy uqyqfoka jgfj,d mqxÑ ¥m;la ksid uf.a rg ,xldjhs. wms Tlafldu tl;= fj,d th bkaoshka id.rfha uq;= iqrlsuq wms uõ ,xld wegh f,i y÷kajhs. tÉ. tï. ä,aIs fyar;a uf.a rg b;d iqkaor 2 fYa%Ksh rgls. iEu ;eku yß; uf.a rg ,xldjhs. meyefhka hqla; fõ. uf.a rg uqyqfoka jg fj,d nqÿ oyñka msßmqka rgla ;sfhkjd’ jk w;r fjk;a wd.ï o uf.a rg yßu ,iaikhs’ ;sfí. uf.a rgg uu yß wdofrhs’ úo¾Yl noafoaú;dk 2 fYa%Ksh

ifrdac

fiaikaos yq¿.,a, 2 fYa%Ksh 26

u;lfha igyk wms u,a jeks <uhs yskdfjka l;djla l;dfjka ñ;=oula f.dvke.=Ks wm w;r lsis osfkl fkduelk ú,i úfgl ujl fuka úfgl fidfydhqßhl fuka ud is; fidrd .;a kqU Âúf;a fndfyda ;ekaj, ud osßu;a l< fijke,a, úh ud w;a fkdyeru isák...... tlu mdi,l tlu úIhla ;=<ska isiq orejkaf.a keKi mdok Tn;a uu;a ujl yd oshKshl n÷ hehs úfgl is; uquqKhs fifkfyjka;j kej; u;= osfkl Tn;a uu;a yuqjk mqxÑ me;=ula isf;ys r|jka f.jñ ld,h is; ;=áka wdorh ohdj lreKdfõ n, uysufhka Tn ;=<ska oel we;af;ñ wfkaljr....... nqÿka nqÿ jkag fmrEï msrE l< lsßmsvq odkfhka mqo ÿka tod weh wo Tn kï úh

fjuq

mqxÑ <uhs u,a jf.a ,iaikhs. <uhska ksid fï f,dalh ,iaik fjkjd. wfma mqxÉ <ud f,dalh yeu w;skau iqkaorhs lshd ug isf;kjd. wms wfma wdorKsh .=rejreka hdy¿jka ish¨ fokdu iuÕ mdif,a oS iqkaor ld,hla .; lrkjd. nhsisl,a moskak, fi,a,ï lrkak, ls%lÜ .ykak, ÿjkak, ufâ mkskak, jeiafia kgkak, wms yß wdih. mqxÑ wfma ys;a yßu wdorKShhs. <uhskaf.a f,dalfha ;ryj, ffjrh, B¾IHdj, m,s.ekSu jeks krl woyia we;f;au keye. mqxÑ <uhska fï f,dalhg b;d jákd iïm;ls. ;re,a fmf¾rd

- 5

fY%aKsh

tka. t,a. ã. wd¾.tï.ysudIKs ,shkf.a 3 fY%aKsh } isxy, .=re;=ó

ifrdac

mqxÑ <uhs mqxÑ <uhs u,a jf.a ,iaik fmdä ;re jf.a pQá <uhs yß wf.a rka ñKs uq;= leg wf.a mqxÑ <uhs yß yevhs ta jf.au yß fyd|hs tfyka fufyka ioao ouhs mqxÑ <uhs yß oÕhs rck 3-B fY%aKsh

<ud oskh <ud oskh <ud oskh wdjd

uu f,dal <ud oskh ieurE whqre f,dal <ud oskh lshkafka mqxÑ wfma ojila f,dal <ud oskh yßu iqkaor ojila. todg mqxÑ wms ish¨ fokdu tu oskh iurkjd ta ojfia uu ,iaik we÷ï wekaod fi,a,ï l<d. ta ojfia wms wdÉÑ,d iSh,dg wdrdOkd l<d. ta ojfia wm iSh,dg wdÉÑ,dg ;E.s ÿkakd wms biafldaf,a .syska f,dal <ud oskh ieurejd. f,dal <ud oskh ojfia oS uu f.dvdla i;=gq jqKd.

mqxÑ mqxÑ foaÿkafka ,iaik f;acdka ùrfialr - 4 fY%aKsh Th mdg jf.a mqxÑ mqxÑ u,a j,g;a ta yskdj me;sreKdu frdai uf,a iqj| jf.a mqxÑ <uhs yev jqkdu foaÿkafka mdg jd.a Th yskdj me;sreKdu mqxÑ mqxÑ u,a j,g;a yskdjl=;a wdjdu uq¿ f,daflu t<sh jqfKa ta yskdj me;sreKdu ukq,s m;srK

ifrdac

3-B fY%aKsh

f,dal <ud oskh lsÑ ìÑ iqmqreÿ f,i fjkod fuka l=re,a,kf.a kdoh;a iuÕ WoEiku wjos jQ ud yg u;lhg wdfõ tosk, fyg osk t<sh lsÍug isák mqxÑ wmf.a f,dal <ud oskhhs. fjkod fuka fkdj wïud f.kd w¨;a we÷ulska uu ieriqfKñ. oskm;d lrk mdvï jev j,ska ì|la ÿria ù fi,a,ï lsÍug wdidfjka mdi, fj; .sfhñ. tys oS f.dvdla i;=gq jqKd. .=rejre wmj i;=gq lsÍug l=vd <uqka f,i we÷ï we|f.k isáfhah. ta jf.au kdgHh o rÕmEfjdah. i;=gq jqKd jf.au wmg fi,a,ñ lsÍu i|yd jeä fõ,djla ,nd kqÿka ksid ÿlg m;a jqfKñ. úydka chj¾Ok

4 A fYa%Ksh

f,dal <ud oskh ish¨u <uqkag b;d jeo.;a oskhls. fndfyda

rdcH kdhlhka, úoHd{hska fjk;a kdhlhka fï ms<sn|j l;d lr;s. j¾;udkfha <uqka fndfyda m%Yakj,g uqyqK fo;s. ta w;r <uqkaf.a wdrlaIdj iy Tjqkaf.a wOHdmkh jeo.;a ;ekla .ksh. fï w;rkq;a Tjqkaf.a wdrlaIdj jeo.;a ;ekla .kshs. oskm;d m<jk mqj;am;aa j,ska yd iudc udOHhkaf.ka wreu mqÿu mqj;a wikakg ,efí. j.lsj hq;= md¾Yjhkaf.a wjOdkh fï ms<sn|j fhduq úh hq;= hs. <uqkf.a wdrlaIdj t;rïu jeo.;a fõ. fu;a,sks fmßhmafmreu 6 fY%aKsh

ifrdac

Tlaf;daïn¾ m<uq jk od b;du;a úfYaI ojila fï uq¿ f,dalhgu ta fjk lsisÿ fya;=jla ksid fkdj th f,dal jeäysá oskh <ud oskh ksiduhs. th f,dalhu iurk oskhls. th Wodjk ;=re <uhska isákafka weÕs,s .ksñka h. th yÿkajd oS ;sfnkfka <uhska iy jeäysáhka ieuÍughs. fuh yÿkajd oS ;sfnkafka ù. fla. ls%IaKd fukka h. Tyq bx.s%is cd;slfhls. bkaoshdfõ th iurkafka <uhskaf.a wOHdmkh oshqKq lrkakh. th fuu rfÜ iurkafka fkdjeïn¾ 14 jkod h. th fuu oskfha iurkafka tu rfÜ m<uqjk w.ue;sg wdpdr oelaùughs. fuh ,xldfõ iurkafka Tlaf;daïn¾ m<uqjk odh. thg fya;=j uu fkdoksñ. fuh oeka ld,fha <uhskaf.a o jeäysáhka o wdiu oskhhs. kuq;a th iqkaorj iurkafka <uhskah. th <uhskag úfkdao ùug o jeäysáhka g <uhska iuÕ ld,h .;lsÍug o fjka l< úfYaI ojils. <uhska ;E.s fndfydauhla yïnfjk ksid fï oji <uhskag ms%h ojila fõ. fikq, ch,;a 7 - fY%aKsh

ifrdac

lsß iqqÿ ydjd lsß iqÿ ydjd mek mek wdjd o¿ fld< lEjd lka fol jekqjd fi;aud osi,ahd 1 fY%aKsh

uf.a iqÿ ydjd mek mek wdjd <Õgu wdjd ;Kfld< lEjd fndkq, ukmafmreu 1 fY%aKsh

mq¿ka jf.a iqÿ j;a; my, osj fgdóf.a yË lk le<h lvdf.k

ydjd wdjd ,Ejd oSjd

kùka r;akdhl 2 fY%aKsh

iuk,hd iuk,hd yßu ,iaikhs. thdg w;a;gq folla ;shkjd. mdg mdg iuk,fhda bkakjd. iuk,hd yßu wysxilhs. uf.a u,a j;a;g iuk,fhda f.dvdla tkjd. uu thd,g f.dvdla wdofrhs. fþkdos msgj, 1 fY%aKsh

iuk,hd yßu ,iaikhs. mdg mdg iuk,a¨ bkakjd. ta yefudau meKs fndkjd. uu iuk,hdg wdihs.

ydjd wysxilhs. ydjd lerÜ lkjd. w¾pkd .=K;s,l ydjdg os. lka folla ;shkjd. ydjd iqÿ mdghs. ydjd mek mek hkjd.

2 fY%aKsh

budIa O¾ufiak 1 fY%aKsh

ifrdac

iuk,hd mdg mdghs iuk,hd u,a meKsj,g b;d wdihs iuk,hd úúO mdghs iuk,hdg mdo yhls iuk,hd lDñ if;ls. ysnd,a

mdg mdg iuk,fhda wehs uf.a u,a me< jfÜg rjqï rjqï lerflkafka u,a meKs fndkako wdfõ fIydrd iurisxy 1 H

1 fY%aKsh

iuk<hdf.a cSú;h mgka .kafka o<Uqfjl= f,ih. fyd|ska fld< iuk,fhda iuk,fhda Thd ld nv msreKq miq fldaIhla idod yßu ,iaikhs ta ;=<g ù ksod .kS. fldaIh ;=< uf,a jy,d meKs fndkfldg oS weÕ ál ál fjkia ù” ;gq w,a,d.kakg ys;hs iEoS ,iaik iuk,fhla t<shg w,a,d .;af;d;a Thd w;a;ïud ths. iuk,hd u,ska u,g mshdUd ug nkshs f.dia u,a meKs î i;=gq fjh. b.s,a,s,d .sfhd;a Thd ug fpkqï .=Kfialr yßhg ÿl ysf;hs 3 fY%aKsh

ñfy,s .sfh;aud 2 fY%aKsh

iuk,fhda iuk,fhda fldhsno hkafka ug;a fydfrka u,a meKs î mshUd hkafka mdg mdg w;a;gq j, mdg olskafka wyi Wig mshUd,d fkdfmkS hkafka

u ly mdg ;gq we;s ,iaik iuk<fhlañ. uf.a wdydrh ó meKsh. uu WoEik wjos fjñ. <uqka ug b;du;a leu;sh. isßmd ld,hg uu jkaokdfõ hñ.

fikq,Hd osidkdhl

;siß ,shkr;ak

3 fY%aKsh

ifrdac

pQà lsà

uf.a iqr;,d mQia meáfhls. thdf.a ku lsà... lsà lsß fndkak yßu leu;shs.. lsà yßu ,iaikhs.. uu lsàg f.dvdla wdofrh... u;SI m;slsßwdrÉÑ 2 C fYa%Ksh

uf.a iqr;,d mQidh... Wf.a ku jqú.. uf.a mQid iqÿ mdghs. W! lsß fndkak wdih. W! ud tlal fi,a,ï lrkjd. uu uf.a mQidg f.dvdla wdofrhs... *d;sud ,shd 2 B fYa%Ksh

iqÿ mdghs ÿUqre mdg mq,a,s ;shkjd mq¿ka f.dvla jf.a uf.a w;g oefkkjd mqre mqre .d uf.a ,Õska ksosh .kakjd uf.a pQá lsáhd uf.a ,Õska bkakjd ysudka rK;=x. 2 fYa%Ksh

ifrdac

wïud

ksjfia myk ljqoehs úuiQN lf,l fjk ljqo wïfï...... kqUu yer

yohjf;a fldkl /|s wmuK ohdj............ fldfyka fldfydu ú|skak o ks¾u,d l=udß isßj¾Ok wïfï Tfnka yer........... 4 fY%aKsh } isxy, .=re;=ó weg ñ÷¿ midrej we;sh Tfí fifky .Õ fldfya fld;ekl isáho oekqKq úg ÿlla, kmqrla isysjkafka ljqo ug wïfï kqUu yer.... fofjks wïud kqUh uf.a ore megjqkg ........... ljhs weh fmdjhs Tjqkg ug jvd f,x.;=h......... kqU ke;s oskla .ek is;d.kakg fkdyel ud yg Âúf;a ú|s fkal ÿla lïlfgd¨ ksud ù i;=g fok oskla fõ kï wïfï kqfò iskyj ...... ÿgqj fudfyd; muKhs ud yg....... ñÿf,a fldKl mjd we;s u,a .il /os uf,l jqj oekS kqfò myi

ifrdac

wfma mßirh

c,h ñ, l< fkdyels w.kd iïm;ls. fidndoyï ud;djf.ka .ia i;=ka jgmsgdj mßirh hs wmg ,enqKq odhdohls. jeiafika mßirh yßu ,iaikhs. .fÕka uqyqfoka <sx j,ska c,h wms;a mßirhg whs;shs. wms ,nd.; yelsh. mßirhg wdofrhs. mßirh kuq;a m%fhdackhg .; yelafla /l .ksuq bka iSñ; m%udKhls. cSúkf.a fuka u Ydlj, meje;aug o fiydid fmf¾rd c,h w;HdjYH fõ. úfYaIfhkau 1 D fYa%Ksh csùyQ c,h msmdih ixisÿjd c,h lshkafka uq¿ uy;a ñksia .ekSug Ndú;d lr;s. ;j o ixy;shgu ke;sju neß iïm;ls. msßisÿ lsÍu wdoS úúO lghq;= tkï ñksidf.a cSjk meje;aug i|yd o c,h Ndù;d lr;s. c,fhka flfrkakd jq fiajdj tfiau .iaje,a jefjkafkao buy;a jk ksidfjks. c,h wm c,fha Wmldrfhkah. kuq;a tosfkod cSú;fha jev lghq;= j¾;udkfha lDñkdYl ridhksl i|yd fhdod .kakd jQ ñksidf.a øjH wdosh tla ùfuka c,h hd¿fjl. tkï kEug îug ¥IKhg ,la ù ;sfí. wm c,fha fros fiaoSug wydr msiSug iy lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= j,g o c,h jákdlu jgyd .; hq;=h. c, Wmldr lr.kS. tfukau ñksia ¥IKh j<lajd .ekSu wmf.a isref¾ jeä jYfhka ;sfnkafka hq;=lul. c, ìxÿjla fyda wmf;a c,hhs. me<hla frdamKh lr,d fkdheúh hq;=h. wrmsßueiafuka thg wjYH fmdfydr jf.au thg c,h mdúÉÑ lsÍu fyd| .=Kdx. m%dKh fokak c,h w;HdjYH hl. wmg cSj;a ùug WmldÍ idOlhla fõ. ta jf.au ñksidf.a jk c,h wdrlaId lr .ekSu cSú;hg c,h ke;=ju neß wmf.a j.lSuls. iïm;ls. th /l.ekSu wmf.a ufya,s chr;ak hq;=lu yd j.lSu fõ. 5 fY%aKsh ukayd ihskdí 3 C fYa%Ksh

Ôjhhs c,h wfma

ifrdac

jk wisßh iqrlsuq jkdka;rhla hkq l=ula o@ jkdka;rhla hkq i;=ka yd Ydl ñ,shk .Kkdjlg jdiia:dk imhk ksjykls. wm jkdka;rh /l.; hq;af;a wehs@ ñ,shk .Kkla i;=ka yd Ydl i|yd ksjykla iemhSug we;s ksid ishhg ye;a;Ejla muK f.dvìu cSj;a jk i;=ka yd Ydl cSj;a jkafka jkdka;r ;=<hs. ;j;a ñ,shk .Kkla i;=ka yd Ydl fidhd .ekSug we;s w;r oekg fidhdf.k we;af;a ishhg tllg jvd wvq m%udKhls. jkdka;rhla úkdY ùu hkq Ydl yd i;=ka uq¿ f,dalfhkau j| ù hdul. wm Ndú;hg .kakd T!IO j,ska ishhg oyhlg jvd, úfYaIfhkau jeis jkdka;r j,ska fidhd .kS. jkdka;r u.ska c, pl%h mj;ajd.ekSug m%N, odhl;ajh imhk w;r .ia mßirfha we;s wys;lr jdhqjla jk ldnkavfhdlaihsâ Wrdf.k wmg yqiau .ekSug Tlaiscka jdhqj ,ndfohs. jkdka;rhl we;s Ydl jeiau u.ska j¾Id c,h fl,skau fmdf<djg jeàu j<lk ksid fmdf<dfõ WIaK;ajh by< hEu j<lajhs. lDIsl¾udka;hg” oej ,nd.ekSug” ksjdi ;ekSug” wdoS jk úkdYh isÿfjk lreKq ksid jk .ykh YS>%fhka wvq ù hhs. th j<lajd .ekSug oej rlaIs; we;s lsÍu” kej; jk j.dj” jk ilauka u¨ we;s lsÍu” wkjirfhka .ia lmkakkag oeä ovqjï meñKùug rch u.ska ls%hd ud¾. f.k we;. fumuK uyÕ= fiajdjka rdYshla wmg odhdo lrk jk wisßh u;= mrmqr i|yd /l.ekSu wm ieuf.a hq;=luls. tla .ila lemqfjd;a ;j .ia ishhla isgjkak hkqfjka uu Tfnka b,a,d isáñ. ksls;d fcïika 7 fYa%Ksh

ifrdac

mrouq fldfrdakd isÕs;s mqf;a fï wykak fldfrdakdj mroaokak yels iEu foa lrkak mqxÑ ysf;ka iúh .kak oE;a fiaoSu ks;ru uqL wdjrK me,oùu ks;ru c,iakdkh lrkq ks;ru msg;ska ksjig meñKs ú.iu wkjYH f,i t<shg fkdhkq th wjodkïh yeu úg ksjigu ù isg fmd;la lshùu hq;=h ieu úg udmshka fukau jeäysá ish¨ fokd fok Tjoka ms<smeoSu l< hq;= fõ .=re uEKsjreka fok mejreï ieuosk isÿfldg Ys,am W.kskq ùß f.k...............

ÿIHka;s koSId .=re;=ó

je,súg irKxlr ix>rdc udysñ

uykqjr ;=ïmfka je,súg kï .fï l=,;=x. uqo,sg odj l=,;=x. nKAvd l=ure fuf,dj t<sh oel we;af;a 1698 jif¾ oS h. truqÿ,shoafoa Wmdilrd< f.ka iy uqreoafoKsfha fyar;a f.or .=re;=udf.ka fyf;u nd, úfha wl=re bf.k we;. fuf,i uyKlug we¨ï l< l=,;=x. nKavd l=ure jhi fidf<dia jk úfha oS uykqjr iQßhf.dv úydrfha oS iQßhf.dv rdciqkaor idufKar ysñ hgf;a irKxlr kñka meúoao ,nd .;af;ah. Wkajykafia kshulkao msßfjkg wu;rj fmdahu¿j, wia.sßh, iqÿyqïfmd<, wïmsáh, o¨laf.d,a,, ;s;a;fj, .x.drduh wdoS úydrhkaf.a Ydia;%Yd,d werUQy. Wkajykafia úiska rÑ; .%ka:” *ioaO¾u idrd¾: ix.%yh *wNs iïfndaê w,xldrh *fNAiþc uxcqid ika;h *rEm ud,dj *uOqrd¾: m%ldYks *uks.=Kd,xldrh Iya,d i¾cqka - 7 fY%aKsh

ifrdac

mqxÑ mqxÑ u,a wms fjuq i;=kg wms wdofrhs .y fld<g;a wdofrhs mskafl; jka fy< forfKa mqxÑ mqxÑ u,a jeks wms fyd| .;s.=K wm rlshs wfma .;s.=K f,dj rlshs bf.kSug wms ms%hhs mqxÑ mqxÑ u,a wmshs irkhd r;akl=ud¾ 5 fYa%Ksh

wms u,a jeks <uhs fjuq lsisod krlla kmqrla fkdlruq foudmshka i;=áka ;nuq wms fjuq fyd| orefjda ieuod iskd fiñka fyd| jev lrñka fyd|g bf.k .ksñka wms fjuq fyd| orefjda wirKhkag msysg fjñka .=rejrekag i,lñka wms fjuq fyd| orefjda wd¾.tÉ. ufya,s chr;ak 5 fYa%Ksh

ifrdac

iduh

ksoyi

ysxid” mSvd” .egqï ke;sj cd;s wd.ï fNao j,ska f;drj Ôj;ajkakg ;sfí kï t;ek we;af;a iduhhs. tlsfkldg .re lrkakg wdorh lrkakg yeufokdu fhduq jkafka iduh we;s úghs. cd;s fNao, wd.ï fNao ksid tlsfkld urd .kakd iudchl we;af;a ffjrhh. miq.sh jir ;sy ;siafia wms ffjrfhka msß rgl Ôj;a jQfhuq. ckdê;=udg;a ;s%úO yuqodj, rKúrejkag;a mskaisÿ jkakg oeka wmg iduh Wod ù ;sfí. oeka isxy,, fou<, uqia,sï yd n¾.¾ wdoS ish¨u cd;Skag ;uka leu;s ;ekl ksoyfia Ôj;a úh yel. iduh, i;=g /oS ixj¾ê; ,xldjla ;=< Ôj;a ùug m%d¾:kd lruq.

ksoyi ,enqfKa 1948 fmnrjdß äkq,s niakdhl } 5 fY%aKsh 04 fjksod h. fujr wm iurkafka 72 jk ksoyia W;aijhhs. fujr ksoyia W;aijh mj;ajkafka ksoyia p;=ri%fhaoS h. ,enQ ksoyi wm ieu /l.; hq;=h. ÿñÿ ;,ayd 2 fYa%Ksh

ifrdac

uf.a wïud

uf.a wïudf.a ku iÔjd uf.a wïudf.a jhi wjqreÿ 38 hs wfma wïud wmsg rig lEu Whkjd uf.a wïud ,iaikhs uf.a wïudg uu yßu wdofrhs hIsre fyar;a 1 A fY%aKsh

uf.a wïudf.a ku mnird .=Kr;ak. weh ug ;E.s f.k;a fokjd. weh ud;a iuÕ fi,a,ï lrkjd. ug wïud f.dvdla wdofrhs. uu;a wïudg f.dvdla wdofrhs. cs;=ï niakdhl 1 fY%aKsh

wïud ug ri lEu yo,d fokjd. wïud ug wl=re lsh,d fokjd. wïud ug yqÕdla wdofrhs. uu f,v jqKdu wïud ug fnfy;a fokjd. wkqm%nd r;akl=ud¾ 1 A fYa%Ksh

ifrdac

uf.a wïudf.a ku prks wïud ug mdi,A jev lshdfohs wïud ug ri lEu Whd fohs uf.a wïud ,iaikhs wïud ug f.dvdla wdofrhs fgkq,s úodkf.a 1 B

uf.a wïud yßu ,iaikhs’ wïud ug rig lEu ljkjd’ wïud jevg .dhdu ug f.dvdla ÿlhs’ wïud ug f.dvdla wdofrhs’ uu;a wïug mK jf.a wdofrhs’

wïud ug n;a Wh,d fokjd’ fka,s ;ßkahd 1 C wïud udj kdjkjd wïud ug wdofrhs wïud ug lEu uf.a wïud ljkjd’ yß fyd|hs’ wïud ,iaikhs’ uf.a wmamÉÑ ug wdofrhs’ .h,s ukaosks uf.a wlald 1 C uf. hy¿jhs’ uf.a wïudf.a ku ßiakd’ uf.a mqxÑ weh b;d ,iaikhs’ mjq, yß weh lreKdjka;hs’ ,iaikhs’ we hug mdvï lshd fohs’ uu uf.a mjq,g yßu uf.a we÷ï fidaohs’ wdofrhs ug rig lEu Whdfohs’ we hug f.dvdla wdofrhs’ fkykaid r;akdhl 1 B uu;a wehg f.dvdla wdofrhs’ b*doa 1

ifrdac

WoEiku wjos fj,d Wdorfhka ysi w; .d ud ke.sgjd ljd fmdjd mdi, fj; werjd,d hy.=K oï lshdoS,d iqndfi; ug i,id,d ud <Õ fijke,a,la ù,d isáhs ieuod <xù,d ;s,kaid w;m;a;= 1 C

oK ..d weúomq ug w;ska w,a,f.k weúoskak mqreÿ lf<a Tnhs’’ oyila ÿla ú|f.k ud yg /ljrKh ÿkafka Tnhs’’ wïud fiau wvqjla ke;=j wdorh ÿkafka Tnhs’’ uf.a f,dalfha ùrhd Tnhs’’ ienEjg ta Tnhs uf.a wmamÉÑ’’ flydka ika;=, 2 E

uf.a wmamÉÑ wmamÉÑf.a ku Wmq,a’ wmamÉÑ wmsg ;E.s f.akjd’ wmamÉÑ yßu fyd|hs’ wmamÉÑ wmsg wdofrhs’ wms;a wmamÉÑ wdofrhs’ i.S;a lreKdr;ak 1A

uf.a wmamÉÑf.a ku fyauka;’ uf.a wmamÉÑ yßu lreKdjka;hs’ uf.a wmamÉÑ wm fjkqfjka f.dvdla uykais fjkjd’ uf.a wmamÉÑf.a jhi y;,syhs’ wmamÉÑ ug yßu wdofrhs’ uu;a uf.a wmamÉÑg wdofrhs’

ird,a yka.s,sfmd< 2A ifrdac

flùkaf.a fmd;

foúÿj wdfha taúfoda isf;hs

tlu;a tl rgl flùka fmdo jeiafia msmqK u,a lsh,d <ufhla WoHdhlg ojfia werhqu lshhs .shd. Bg miafia thdg lïue,s mqxÑ wä fmdä jegqKq ys;=kd. thd nxl=j b|.;a;dg .=re mdr w; jkhs miafia thd fmd;la lshjkak mgka .;a;d. miafia flùkag tkak mqnqokak! ta keyeUq is;a uf.a is; ug lshhs ksosu;la oekqkd. b;ska flùka fkdfmkqfka wehso rej nxl=fõ ksod.;a;d. Bg miafia uf.a isl bls .ihs flùka kskafoka wjos fj,d wdfhu;a l,n,o Tfya thdf.a fmd; wu;l lr,d uf.a is; ug .;= lshhs f.or .shd. miqj lùY lsh,d <ufhla flùkaf.a fmd; oel,d weyqjdu Wkaf.kau úia;r fmd; fmd,sisfha uy;a;fhl=g mqxÑ Wka ug ueisú,s lshhs ÿkakd. ta fmdf;a flùkaf.a ku wehs kqÿkafka weu;=ula .y,d ;sínd. tal ksid flùkaj mqxÑ Wka ug ueisú,s k.hs fydhd.kak f,ais jqKd. ta wh fldau lshï fokafka weu;=ï flùkag fmd; ÿkakd. flùka tajd ;ykï okafka ke;soehs lùYg ia;+;s l<d. uf.a is; ug .;= lshhs fldau mqnqokafka keyeUq is;a fIùka .=Kr;ak 4 C is;u T;am, ù we;ehs keyefka foúÿj fmfkkakg wdfha taù foda ielhs hQ.mS.tka.tia. .=K;=x. .=re;=ó

ifrdac

f,dal .=re oskh

Tlaf;daïn¾ ui 06 jk osk fhoS ;sfnk .=re oskh wm úiska iurkq ,enqfõ buy;a f.!rjfhks. .=rejre wmf.a foújreh hk lshuk ienEjlau h. fï wfma .=re foújre ke;skï wm jeks isiq ore oeßhkaf.a keKi mdod fokafka ljqrekao@ Tlaf;daïn¾ ui 06 jk oskg fï .=re oskh ieurej;a ke;;a wmf.a is;a ;=< Tjqka fjkqfjka mj;sk f.!rjh iodld,sl úh hq;=h. wdorKSh .=re Nj;=ks wm jka isiq orejkaf.a is;a ;=< Tn iod wurKShhs.

.=re hkq wdf,dalh ,nd fok hk woyihs .=rejre ;u .=K keK n, ish¨ foa ;u f.da, mrmqrg fkduiqrej mjrd fo;s. Tjqka ;u oekqu f.da, mrmqrg mjrd fokafka uy;a jQ wdor lreKdfjks. ;udf.a orejka fkdjQj;a ;u f,hska iEÿKq orejkag fuka .=rejre wmg i,l;s. WoEik wur lrd kef.k ysre fia .=re foújre wmf.a uq¿ osúhu wdf,dalj;a lr;s. fyg osk Ndr.kakag isák wm hd hq;= u., fyd|, fkdfyd|, oekqu, wdl,am iy l=i,;d jvjd wm fyd| mqrjeisfhl= lrkakg Tjqyq osjd ? fjfyfi;s. ta ksid wmsg wdf,dalh fok .=re foújrekag ieuod Kh.e;s fjuq Tjqkg f.!rjfhka i,luq.

.=rejrekauh wmf.a .re bkqls fk;drd mSßia a sh l< hq;=h isiqka jk wm ksr;=re 5 fY%K /l=uh wmf.a .=rejre W;=ï lreKls thhs f,dj .re wms f,dal .=re oskh iurkafka Tlaf;daïn¾ 6 fjksod ta ojfia wms .=rejrekag iqn me;=jd. ta ,shkaid r;akdhl 4 ‐C ojfia uu yomq iqn me;=ïm;a f,dal .=re oskh fhoS ;sfnkafka uf.a .=rejrekag ÿkakd. f,dal Tlaf;daïn¾ 05 fjksodgh. tfy;a .=re oskfha oS wfma .=rejre wms ,xldfõ .=re jHjia:dj ilia fjkqfjka jev igyka bosßm;a ù .=re whs;Ska iqrlaIs; jQfha l<d. wms yeuodu .=rejrekag Tlaf;daïn¾ 06 jeksodh ,xldfõ .re l< hq;=h. .=re oskh Tlaf;daïn¾ 06 iurkq fudfyduâ widka ,efí. 4C

ifrdac

iqkaor ,xld uf.a rg ,xldjhs. th ¥m;ls. uf.a rg yßu ,iaikh. uu uf.a rgg f.!rj lrñ. uu uf.a rg wdorh lrñ.

;=,Hd fmf¾rd 1 D

th bkaoshka id.rfhka jg jQ mqxÑ ¥m;ls. bkaoshka id.rfha uq;= wegh kñka o y÷kajhs. uf.a rg ;=< isxy,, fou<, uqia,sï yd n¾.¾ wdoS úúO ck fldgia Ôj;a fj;s. fuys Wiu lkao msÿre;,d.,hs. os.u .Õ jkafka uyje,s .Õhs. fndfyda iqkaor uf.a uõ rgg uu f.dvdla wdorh lrñ.

Iï,d ifrdacka uf.a rg ,xldjhs. th l=vd ¥m;ls. 2 E uf.a rfÜ isxy,, fou<, uqia,sï yd n¾.¾ wdoS úúO cd;Ska Ôj;a fjkjd. iajdNdúl ,iaik w;ska uf.a rg f,dj nn<kjd. uu uf.a rgg f.dvla wdofrhs.

kfjdaoHd nKavdr 2 D

uf.a rg ,xldjhs. th uqyqfoka jg ù we;. uf.a rfÜ úúO cd;Ska Âj;a fjhs. uu uf.a rgg wdofrhs.

rck .=Kj¾Ok 3 B

ifrdac

uf.a rg ,xldjh. th bkaoshka id.rfha uq;= weghhs. uf.a rfÜ ,iaik osh we<s .x.d uqyqo jeõ iy l÷ ;sfnkjd. uf.a rfÜ osia;s%lal 25 la ;sfnkjd. uf.a rfÜ isxy,, fou<, uqia,sï yd n¾.¾ wdoS úúO ck fldgia Ôj;a fjkjd. uf.a rfÜ ckdêm;s jkafka f.daGdNh rdcmlaI uy;dh. uf.a rgg ksoyi ,enqfKa 1948 fmnrjdß 04 fjksodh. uf.a rg ì%;dkH cd;slhkaf.ka fírd.;a ùrhkag iqN m;u. uf.a rfÜ Wiu lkao msÿre;,d., lkao jk w;r os.u .Õ jkafka uyje,s .x.djhs.

fk;skq wudrm;s 3 B 45

fï rg uf.a rg ud bmÿk rg yfok jefvk rg uf.au uõ rg uf.a rg ,xldjh. uf.a rgg lshkafka bkaoshka id.rfha uq;= wegh lsh,h. uf.a rg jfÜgu ;sfnkafka uqyqohs. tu ksid uf.a rg ¥m;ls. uf.a rg b;du;a ,iaik rgls. .,d yef,k osh we<s .x.d wfma rg ,iaik lrkjd. iuk, lkafoka mgkaf.k uyje,s le<Ks l¿ j,fõ hk .x.djka uy uqyqog .,d niS. ,xldfõ os.u .Õ uyje,s .Õhs. Wiu lkao msÿre;,d., lkaohs. uyd idr.h jf.a ;sfnk jeõ wfma uq;=ka ñ;a;kf.a ùrlï lshdmdhs. wyi Wig keÕ=Kq rejkaje,s iEh jf.a fjfyr úydr j,ska wfma rcjrekaf.a úialï fmkakqï lrkjd. fï jf.a ,iaik rgla wmsg ,eîu wfma jdikdjls. uf.a rg ,iaik lrkakg wms yeufokdu tl;= fju. wfma rgg wms wdorh lruq. ,xldj uq;= weghla fia /l .ksuq. uf.a rg osgkka oshqKqjg m;a lruq.

wia,SId Túkaos bosßisxy 2 F

uf.a rg ,xldjhs. th bkaoshka id.rfha uq;= weghhs. th l=vd ÿm;ls. uf.a rg iqkaorhs. uu uf.a rgg wdofrhs.

wkqls rdc.=re 2 C

ifrdac

uf.a rg ,xldjhs. bkaoshka id.rfhka jg ù we;s ¥m;ls. uf.a rfÜ ,iaik l÷ msysgd we;. uf.a rfÜ wmkhk fnda. jkafka f;a, fmd,a iy rn¾ h uf.a rfÜ Wiu osh we,a, jkafka Unr lkao hs. iykahd 3 46

wïud .ek lúhla ug wdofrhs uf.a ud we;soeä l< oekuq;= fohs uf.a mykls ug

wïud wïud wïud wïud

idrd } 2 A

uf.a uj yßu lreKdjka;hs’ weh ug f.dvdla wdofrhs’ uf.a uj ijig ud;a iuÕ nqÿka j|skjd’ ug fyd| krl lshd fokjd’ uu wehg f.dvdla wdofrhs’ kos;s hqukaid 1 C

wdorKSh wïud ud fuf,djg ìyslr f,a lsß lr ug fmdjd kskao ke;=j ud fjkqfjka lem jqK wïud Tng uu wdofrhs uf.a iqÿ wïud’’ Ikqos o is,ajd 2 C

ifrdac

uf.a wïudf.a ku jika;s’ uf.a wïud ug wdofrhs’ weh udj /ln,d .kakjd’ weh yeufohlgu ug Woõlrkjd’ uu uf.a wïudg wdofrhs’ ukaodrd 2E

uf.a wïudf.a ku risld’ uf.a wïud ug f.dvdla wdofrhs’ wïud ug wjYH foaj,a wrka fokjd’ wïud ug rig lEu Wh,d fokjd’ wïud ug wl=re lshd fokjd’ fhkq,s fkykaid 2 D

uf.a wïudf.a ku ;,S,d’ thd ug yßu wdofrhs’ thd yßu ,iaikhs’ thdf.a jhi ;saia;=khs’ uf.a wïud yßu fyd|hs’ thdg uu yßu wdofrhs’ w,Skd fudfyduâ - 3 B

ÿla ú| oiui Wiq,d jeÿoeh wfma wïud wÿka f;,ska ks;s irid we;s l< oehs wïud ri m,je, fk,d osoS riaid l< wïud i;r wmdj, fkdbmo ksjka olska wïud Iïyd 4 C

uf.a wïud uu wdidlrk lEu îu idod fokjd’ uu wïudg lSlrehs’ wïud uf.a ish¨ jev lr,d fokjd’ uf.a wïud ug wdofrhs’ uu;a uf.a wïudg ieuod wdofrhs’ tIsks wêldß 1 D

ifrdac

kslauhdug wjirhs

jQydkaj, bmos,d iefklska f,dj ießird mshdUdú;a fï mqxÑ osjhskg mqrka l=Uqre wiajoaojd uqvq bvï f.j;=fldg fyd| mqreÿ W.kajd isß rg foa isß iem fok nj wmg milalrd i;a;hs foudmsh ¥ ore in|;d ;rfldg mßir ¥IKh wju lrjd iajdNdjO¾uhg wkq.; ùug udkjhd yqre l< nj we;a;hs iajhx ksfrdaOdhkh;a iudc ÿria; nj;a m%dfhda.slj wmg fmkakQ yeá mqÿuhs mqxÑ fldfrdakd urKfha fijKe,s wmg fkdfmkajd wm Tfnka W.;a foa wm w;ru rojd Tng wfmka iuqf.k kslau hdug wjirhs wjirhs wjirhs

uf.a lsáhd iqÿ mdghs ÿUqre mdg mq,a,s ;shkjd mq¿ka f.dvla jf.a uf.a w;g oefkkjd mqre mqre .d uf.a ,Õska ksosh .kakjd uf.a pQá lsáhd uf.a ,Õska bkakjd ysudka 2 F

uf.a n¨ meáhd uf.a iqr;,d n¨ meáfhls Wf.a ku n%jqks n%jqks yßu oÕldrhs W! uia lkak wdihs W! uf.a f.or wdrlaId lrkjd W! uia lkak wdih kfjdaoHd nKavdr } 2 D

osiakd mqiafiaf.or .=re;=ó

uf.a iqr;,d n,af,ls Wf.a ku n%jqks n%jqks ÿUqre mdghs uf.a iqr;,d ìialÜ lkak wdihs uu uf.a iqr;,dg f.dvdla wdofrhs

ifrdac

fckdrd fmf¾rd 3A

uf.a iqr;,d mqxÑ n¨ meáfhls Wf.a ku nDDfkda. uf.a iqr;,df.a jhi udi y;rhs. Wf.a weÕ ÿUqre mdghs. uf.a n¨ meáhd kdjkjdg wlue;shs. nDDfkda n;a lkak f.dvla wdihs. ud mdi,a f.dia tk;=rd W! uÕ n,d isákjd. nDDfkda ud;a tlal fi,a,ï lrkjd. uf.a iqr;,d ug yßu lSlrehs. uu uf.a nDDfkdag yßu wdofrhs.

ysxÑ msxÑ uf.a iqr;,d ydjd. thd iqÿ mdghs. thd ud;a tlal fi,a,ï lrkjd. uf.a iqr;,d ,iaikhs. uu thdg wdofrhs oskqks fikr;ak 3 B

iiaúÿ chj¾Ok 2 F

uf.a iqr;,d ;uhs ydjd. uf.a iqr;,df.a ku msxÑ. msxÑ lkak leu;s lerÜ. msxÑ fndakak leu;s lsß. uu msxÑg f.dvdla wdofrhs. msxÑ;a ug f.dvdla wdofrhs. ;siß ,shkr;ak } 3 B

uf.a iqr;,d n¨ megfjls. Wf.a ku ñlS. thd yßu iqr;,a h. th;a talal uu fi,a,ï lrkjd. thd ug f.dvla wdofrhs.

uf.a iqr;,d mQid mQidf.aa ku lsà uf.a mQid iqÿ mdghs uf.a mQid mq¿ka fnda,hla jf.a yßu ,iaikhs

f;kqý l=remamq 3 B

lú;aud lia;=ßwdrÉÑ } 3 B

ifrdac

iafkayh

iï uia weg kyr is| m;=,gu lsod nei ;sr f,ig iksgqyka jQ odrl iafkayh uõmsh iafkayh úfgl” foudmshka orejd ism ikihs ljhs” fmdjhs le;l=Kq w;.dhs iqr;,a l;d lshhs /já,s nia lshhs w;sk; f.k jdrej fohs’’’’ ;j;a úfgl” Wia uy;a jQ orejka ;u foudmshka ism ikihs ljhs” fmdjhs le;l=Kq w;.dhs iqr;,a l;d lshhs wúysxil <orejka ú,i w;sk; f.k jdrej fohs’’’’ n,ka “ f,da oyul wreuh’’’’’ iqcd;d wurisxy isxy, } .=re;=ó

ifrdac

uf.a mqxÑ mjq, uf.a mjq, mqxÑ mjq,la uf.a mjqf,a bkafka ;d;a;d” wïud” wlald” iy mqxÑ uuhs’ wms ish¨ yßu tluq;=hs’ ta ksidu wms yß wdofrka uf.a u,a,S bkakjd’ uf.a u,a,f.a ku *af,jka’ uf.a mjq, fï f,dalfha uf.a u,a,Sg udi ;=khs’ ;sfnk fyd|u mjq,hs’ uf.a u,a,S yßu ,iaikhs’ .hs;a ikafoõ wfífialr uf.a u,a,S ,iaikg yskdfkjd’ 1 H uu uf.a u,a,Sg f.dvdla wdofrhs’ *s´kd ñkd,s m%kdkaÿ 2 D

uf.a kx.s uf.a kx.sf.a ku ;iks ikdrd ÿf,aks’ weh yßu ,iaikhs jf.au yßu yqr;,a’ wehg udi ;=kls’ weh ud;a tlal iskdfihs’ kx.s uf.a f,dalfha mqxÑ iqrx. kdúhhs’

uu mqxÑ l=udßldjla’ ta uf.a ;d;a;d ksihs’ uf.a ,iaik Tgqkak Thhs uf.a ;d;af;a’ uu f.dvlau wdof¾ Thdghs uf.a ;d;af;A’

.hqks ls;akdrd Wfï,s 2E

fYkqñ osidkdhl 2A

ifrdac

foudmshkag ie,lSu uõmsfhda W;=ï u h wmf.a fmr foújre u h wm rlskqfjda u h j|suq uõmsh fofok uysu h˜ oi uila l=i ord wfkal ÿla fodïkia ú| ord .ksñka ud fuf,djg ìys l< uf.a wdor wïud b;d W;=ï jia;=jls. osjd ? fjfyi fjñka ore oeßhka iqjfia rlskakg fjr ork wmf.a wdor mshjrekag;a udf.a kuialdrh mqo lrñ. kd.hka ;uka i;= ueKsl iqrlskakg W;aiy orkakd fia wmf.a foudmshka ;u ÿjd orejka iqjfia rlskakg orkakd jq lemùu jokska úia;r l< fkdyelsh. wmf.a f,dõ;=rd nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd lrk ,o ux., iQ;%fha mjd ;u fouõmshkag ie,lSu W;=ï ux., ldrKhla nj my; f,i olajd ;sfí. ud;d ms;+ WmÜGdkx mq;a; odriai ix>fyda wkdl+,dp lïuka;s ta;x ux., uq;a;ux

foudmshka ks;s iqrlsuq. uf.a fouõmshkag Wmydrhla f,i uu fï isõ mo bosßm;a lrñ. uf.a wdor foudmshks fï Wmydrh Tn,dguhs. osfka mgka ud Tn ú|s ÿl nE fodfyd;a uqÿka ;nd josñ uõks mõ

Wmkak lshkak fukak wefrkak

fjfyiS yeu Wfoa wyr we÷ï u;= oshqKqj msh;=u Tn

yjd iemfhõjd ie,fiõjd nqÿfõjd

wßkaos chisxy 7 fY%aKsh

wïuhs

wmamÉÑhs

f,a lsß fmdjd ud we;s l< wïud osj ? fjfyis,d ud /ls uf.a wmamÉÑ ks;s Tn yg lSlre hym;a orefjla ù f,dju nn<jñ u;= osfkl ymfkla ù T,a.d úchfldaka } 1 F

wkd.; f,dalh lsre< orkakka fï mqxÑ wms fjuq ‘ ta ksidfjka wms wmf.a

ifrdac

lS%vdfjka orejdg ,xldfõ j¾:udk ;rÕldÍ iudc rgdj ;=< lS%vdjg ,efnkqfha wju jákdluls. mdi,a orejka iïnkaOj i,ld n,k úg ;rÕldÍ wOHdmk l%uh fya;=fldgf.k orejka l%Svdjg fhduq ùu b;d my< uÜgul mj;shs. lS%vdj hkq úfkdodiajdoh fukau by< fi!LH uÜgula mj;ajd .ekSug mQ¾K odhl;ajhla ,ndfok udOHhls. lS%vdjg fhduqùu ;=<ska orefjl=g ,efnkd m%;s,dN YdÍßl udkisl yd iudÔh hk ;s%;ajh Tiafia jeä ÿrg;a úia;r lsÍu fuu m%ia;=;fha wNsm%dh hs. lS%vdj hkq YÍr fi!LH mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd mQ¾K odhl;ajhla ,ndfok udOHhls. j¾:udk iudc l%uh ;=< orejka iqfLdamfNda.S osúhlg yqre ùu;a, Ydßßlj ksYalS%h;ajh g m;a ùu;a fya;=f;dgf.k oshjeähdj, fldf,iagfrda,a, wêreêr mSvkh, ms<sld, ;rndrelu, yDo frda. fukau mßjD;a;Sh wl%ñl;d jeks fnda fkdjk frda. je<oSfï m%;sY;h by< f.dia we;. ls%hdfjys ksr; ùu ;=<ska YÍrfha w;sßla; fïo oykh, rêr ixirK ls%hdj,sh md,kh lsÍu, wiaÓ iy fmaIS moaO;sh Yla;su;a lsÍu, mßjD;a;Sh ls%hd md,kh lsÍu, fud<fha ls%hdldÍlajh j¾Okh, fydafudak i%djh ;=,kh lsÍu, YÍr m%;sYla;SrK ls%hdj,sh oshqKq lsÍu jeks m%;s,dN /ila ,ndfohs. tfukau YÍrfha kuHYS,s;djh, Yla;sh iy ord .ekSfï yelshdj oshqKq lrhs. j¾:udk ;rÕldÍ wOHdmk rgdj ;=< orejkaf.a udkisl fi!LH b;d iS>% msßySulg ,la ù ;sfí. udkisl wjmSvkh fukau Woafõ.h wjufldg orejka ksfrda.S udkisl uÜgula iys;j iudc.; lsÍug lS%vdj b;d jeo.;a fõ. tfukau lS%vd lsÍu ;=<ska YÍr reêr ixirK ls%hdj,sh j¾Okh ù fud<fha kshqfrdak ffi, WoaoSmkh fldg orejkaf.a u;l Yla;sh fukau OdrK Yla;sh ;Sj% lrhs. fuh ,dxlsl iudch ;=< nqoaê j¾Okfhys ,d uyÕ= msgqjy,ls. lS%vdj ;=<ska orejkag iudÔh jYfhka ,efnk jrm%ido /ils. orejkaf.a iduQysl yeÕSï j¾Okh fldg ndysr iudch g WÑ; mßos yev .iajhs. tfukau kS;s .relj iudch ;=< yeisÍug wä;d,u imhhs. ld, l<uKdlrKhg fukau ixúOdld;aulj lghq;= j,oS id¾:lj uqyqK oSug yqre lrjhs. wd;au Yla;sh j¾Okh lrjd fm!¾I;ajh Tma kxjhs. iudch ;=< hq;=lï j.lSï bgq lsÍug yqre lrjhs. lS%vdj ;=<ska by< ch.%yK ,nd.kakd orejkag Wiia wOHdmkh i|yd YsIH;aj, úfoia ixpdr jeks jrm%ido ysñ fjhs. tfukau kj ñ;=rka y÷kd .ekSug;a kj iudchg yqre ùug;a msgqjy,la ,efnh. orejka ,nd.kakd ch.%yK fya;=fjka ,xldfõ lS¾;Sh f,falh ;=< ;eîug;a fya;= ù ;sfí. fuf,i lS%vdjg fhduq ùu ;=<ska YdÍßl iudÔh udkisl jYfhka kSfrda.S orefjl= ìys fjh. th rfÜ fi!LHu;a Y%u n,ldhla we;s lsÍug n,mdhs. tfukau fnda fkdjk frda. ksjdrKh jk neúka frda. i|yd rch úiska isÿlrk úhou wju fjhs. fuu fya;=ka rfÜ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfhys ,d uyÕ= msájy,ls. by; lreKq i,ld n,k úg lS%vdj orefjl=f.a osúhg fl;rï jeo.;a fõ o ukdj ms<sìUq fõ. tneúka orejka l=vd wjêfha isg lS%vdjg fhduq lsÍu jeäysáhkaf.a mru hq;=luls. fjudks ùrfldaka lS%vd wxYh

ifrdac

rEmjdysksh wmsg n,mdk whqre rEmjdysksh wo iEu ksjilu jdf.a olskakg we;. tfy;a wOHdmkh ,nk orejka isásk fndfyda ksfjia j, th wlS%hj ;nhs. fuhg fya;=j ù we;af;a wo wfma rfÜ rEmjdysksh uÕska fndfydaúg úldYkh jkafka yrj;a fkdjk foa ksihs. wOHdmkh ,nk wms jeks orejkag wjYH foa ;rula úldYh jqj;a, orejka fndfydaúg keröug jeä leue;a;la olajkafka o ldgQka jekss foa j,ghs. fndfydaúg ffjoH u;h ù we;af;a osklg meh follg jvd rEmjdysksh keröfuka <ud ukig ydksodhk jk njhs. <ud ukig ffjrh” fl%daOh” B¾IHdj we;=,aùu ksid <ud uki úlD;s fõ. ;sois r;akdhl 7 fY%aKsh

ifrdac

f,dal .=re oskh iuruq ud mq;=ks oshKshks wo bßod oskhhs. wo b;d jákd oskhla. .=rejre wm fjkqfjka l< fiajh i|yd Tjqkg Wmldr oelaùg wo jeks oskhla fjka lsÍu b;du;a i;=gls. .=rejre wm fjkqfjka fjfyi fkdn,d jev lr;s. fmd; mf;a oekqu fukau fyd| krl .=KO¾u lshdfoñka wms bosßhg wrf.k hhs. .=rejreka iuÕ wm mdif,a b;d i;=áka yd mS%;sfhka ld,h .; lruq. úgl .=rejreka wmg ovqjï lr;s. iuyrla úgl Tjqka hy¿jka jf.a iuyrla úgl foudmshka jf.a. .=rejreka wfma fojeks foudõmshka fia i,lkq ,nhs. wm Wfokau mdi,a f.dia .=rejrekag je| .=rejreka l< fiajhg Wmydr olajkakg ,eîu ug b;du;a i;=gls. tu .=rejrekag wms iod Kh.e;s fjuq. f.;añl úfÊisxy 5 fY%AKsh

w hkq wd hkq .,mñka ms,a,ï rgd ouñka Tn bosßfha wl=re lshdÿka uuhs .=re;=ñh Tn is;a .;a úgl ier jer l<;a ud mq;=ks ÿjKshks ;rylg fkdfjhs lsiso;a.................................. kE ;=ka ys;l ffjrhla wdorh yer kqU,d flfrys u;=jg;a................................... ksjeros u.g kqU,d f.k hkak isma i;ßka msßmqka lrjkag fyg f,dj oskkakg iúhla jkag muKhs wjeis jkafka ud yg Âú;fha ud ,o tlu ;Hd.h kqU,df.a Âú; t<sh lr ,nk ;Dma;shhs............................. fyg f,dj oskkag wjeis ish¨ osß Yla;Ska fkwvqj ,efíjd æ ud mq;=ks” oshKshks Th fõ b; is;ska ud m;k m%d¾:kh yeuosfkl..........................

f,dal .=re oskh fhoS we;af;A Tlaf;daïn¾ 06 jeksodghs. tosk wmg b;d jeo.;a oskhls. .=rejreka wmg hyu. fmkaj;s. .=rejreka wmsg fyd| foa W.kaj;s. orejka fyd| mqrjeishka lrkakg Tjqka úYd, uykaishla or;s. tka. t,a. ã. wd¾. tï. ysudIKs ,shkf.a a sh } isxy, fuosk úfYaIfhkau .=rejrekag wmf.a 3 fY%K wdorh, f.!rjh, Wmydr olajk oskhh. wmf.a wkd.;h f.dvk. kakg fjr ork wmf.a fï f.!jrkSh .=rejrekag wo muKla fkdj yeuodgu uf.a W;a;udpdrh msßkuñ. wdoï ßIdâ 5 fY%AKsh

ifrdac

f,dal .=re oskh .=re is; fkdßojd fõ,dj fkdjrojd ne;s fmï Wmojd uj yd mshdf.a fifkyiska ÿria ù ismay,g md ke.+ ud yg yuq jQfha foõjre n÷ .=re uõmsfhdah. fujka .=re Nj;=ka yuqfõ wOHdmkh ,eîu ud ,o uy;a Nd.Hhls. ks;ru oE;a os.= fldg yß u. fmkajk udf.a .=re uõmsfhda wmf.a oshqKqj ñi wkalsisjla fkdolshs. udf.a tlu wruqK Tn fmkajk ch uf.a ysks fm;a;g ke. ch udj; fmka jq Tn ieug .=re Wmydr oelaùuhs. ta .=re foújreka wmg fifkyi .=K oyï iy wOHdmkh ,ndfokjd. fifkyiska wdorfhka w;a os.= lr wmj ksjeros ud¾.hg fhduq lr;s. tjeks .=rejreka i|yd wms tla oskla fjka lr ;nkafka wehsoehs fkdoksuq. wm nqÿrcdKka jykafia ish¨ ;;= o;a ieáfhka oeka isáh;a Wkajykafia m%:ufhka yuqùug .sfh;a ;u .=re Nj;=kah. oEÕs,s mg,d wmg weúoSug mqreÿ lf<a foudmshka. tfy;a ismai;r lshd oS ksis u. fmkajd oS wmg hy uÕ mEÿ .=re Nj;=ka iEuod mQckShh. .=re is; ßojd isàfuka wmg fyd| fyda krl folu bf.kSug fkdyelsh. .=rejre hkq foújre yd iudkhs. fujeks .=re Nj;=kag uf.a Wmydrh fõjd ! fu;=,s chfialr } 6 fY%aKsh

.=rejrekaf.a jákdlu lshdmEu i|yd f,dal .=reoskh ixúOdkh lr we;. fuh hqfkiaflda ixúOdkh u.ska kï lr we;. .=rejrhd hkq lsjeros u. fmkjkakdh. .=rejre wfma fojk wdpd¾hjrekah. .=rejrhdg ie,lSu ux., lreKls. whym;ska j<lajd hym; msysà Woõ lrhs. orejkaf.a úúO l=i,;d u;=lr oSug wmldr lrkafka o .=rejrhd h. .=rejrhdf.a u. fmkaùfuka úúO ch.%yK ,nd .ekSug orejdg yels fjhs. w;S;fha lshukla o we; “tA yl=re lkak;a .=rejrfhla ´kE njhs” ñka meyeos,s jkafka orefjl=f.a cSú;hg .=re uõ mshjrekaf.a wjYH;djhhs. nqÿkajykafiao ;u nqoaO;ajh Wfoid Wmldr l< fndaëka jykafiag f.!rj oelajQy. .=rejrhdf.a jákdlu fuhska wjfndaO fjhs. hym;a ñksiqka ìys lsÍu i|yd .=re uõmshjreka ork W;aidyhg wms ysi kud f.!rj lruq. oïird osidkdhl 6 fY%aKsh

ifrdac

jeäysá oskh

c, iïm;

jeäysá oskh f,dj mqrd W;al¾Ij;a wkaoñka mj;ajkq ,nhs. fï whqßkaj;a jeäysáhka ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq ùu jeo.;a fõ. fndfydaõg fï msßia ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduqjkafka b;d wvqfjks. tfia ùu idOdrK ;;ajhla fkdfõ. Tjqka fkdi,ld yeßh hq;= msßila fkdfõ. iuyr wjia:d j,oS hï f;dr;=re .=jkaõÿ,sfhka, rEmjdksfhka wikakg olskakg ,efnk w;r mqj;am;a j,ska lshjkakg ,efnhs. fï ;;ajhkag j.lsj hq;= ish,af,dau ukdj wjfndaO lr.; hq;= h. jeäysáhkaf.a wdrlaIdj i|yd wjYH mshjr .kSù hehs õYajdi lrñ.

mqxÑ mqxÑ j;=r ìxÿ tl;= fj,d tl ;eklg ks,a mdgg mqxÑ jejla wmg fmfkkjd

fu;a,sks fmßhmafmreu 6 – fY%aKsh

ifrdac

c,h wmg ke;=ju neßh. wm c,h ,nd.kafka <sx .x.d Thj,a j,ska h îug kEug fros fiaoSug c,h wmg wjYH fõ. msßisÿ c,hg mdgla ke;. c,h iSñ; neúka wm th wrmsßueiafuka Ndú;d l< hq;=h. kq,drd 3 D

fl;a j;= idr fj,d jej msß,d we< msß,d fyg ojig n;a fokakg f.dhu mSos,d furdß ymqwdrÉÑ 3 B reêrh n÷ c,h c,h ñyslf;a reêrh jeksh. ñysu; cSjh we;s jQfha c,h ksidh. cSjhg iqÿiq w,xldr mßirhla we;s jQfha c,h ksidh. osh W,am;a we;s lrk jkdka;r /l.; hq;=h. wm c,h wrmßiaifuka Ndú;d l< hq;=h. bi, r;akf.dv 3 C

fjila fmdah od fjila mqka fmdaod f;uÕ=, isÿ jqKd isÿy;a l=ure bmÿKd fndÿ isla iekiqKd iqÿ j;ska ierfiuq f;,a u,a wrf.uq wms mkai,a huq f;rejka kuosuq u,a myka os,sfik fjila isß f,<fok fjila mqka mdah osk isys lruq ieu fok .Õ=,a fyar;a 3 C

ifrdac

yqiau jefgk ;=re isgjuq ;=re wmg cSj;afjkak yqiau /f.k tk ;=re,sh wo áflka ál wE;a ù hhs. rfÜ u;= mrmqr fï .ek uo fõ,djla is;kakg wjYHh. is;Su muKla fkdfõ .=re,sh / ln,d .ekSu;a wmf.a hq;=luls. wo ñksiqka jDlaI,;d .ek islkafkaa ke;sj tajd iqkqúiqkq lr ou;s. wehs ñkaiqkag fkdf;afrkafka ;=re,sh ñksiqkag muKla fkdj i;=kag;a whs;s fõ. ñksiqka muKla fkdj i;=ka o cSj;ajkafka ;=re,sh ,mdfok yqiafuks. fid÷re ñksiqka f,i wm /ln,d .ksuq jDlaI,;d. wm jDlaI,;d / ln,d.ekSu muKla fkdj ;j;a tla hq;=lula ;sfí. tkï ;=re,sh isgqùuhs. tla ojilg me<hla isgjuq. fidndoyï ud;dj mskjuq. ikq,s ;skdrd 6 fY%aKsh

ke;s jQ wïud fkal ÿla .sks Wiq,d ud l=i ord f,dfõ by<u fõokdfjka ud ìys l<d fifkfy f,a lsß lr fmdjd ud we;s oeä l<d Tfí uq¿ osúhgu ud fjkqfjkau lem l<d uf.a f,dalh oskd fokakg lem lf<a Tfí Âúf;a

is;ska ishjr Tn fomd <Õ kuosñ ud kuosñ tlu me;=ñka

u;= Wmka yeu w;anfõosu Tn l=fia ud oshKs ù iqcd;d wurisxy isxy, } .=re;=ó

ifrdac

,iaik mqxÑ iqrx.kdú Tkak tlu;a tl rgl mqxÑ iqrx. kdúhla ysáhd. fï mqxÑ iqrx. kdú yßu ,iaikh. b;ska ojila od fï mqxÑ iqrx.kdú .Õla Wäka hkfldg fros lE,a,k T;,d mqxÑ <ufhla bkakjd oelald. iqrx.kdú <uhd wrf.k .shd. mqxÑ iqrx.kdú <uhf.a wïudj fydhdf.k <uhj wïug Ndrÿkakd. bukaos kjx.d 2A

mshdUk pQá lsà tl ojila lsà lsh,d mQfila fi,a,ï lr lr ysáhd. fi,a,ï lrk w;f¾ thd iuk,fhla wE; tkjd oelald. iuk,hd lsàf. ka weyqõjd “wehs Thd uu jdf.a mshdUkafka ke;af;a @” lsà “b;ska ug Thdg jf.a ;gq kEfka” lsh,d lsà f.or .shd. thd ksoshkfldg ySkhla oelald. thdg ;gq folla ,eì,d mshdUkak mgka .;a;d. ta ksid lsà i;=fgka ksod.;a;d. fyidrd iurfldaka 3 B

ifrdac

uf.a mdi,

.=re;=ó wl=r wl=r lú l;kaor fyd| krl fï Tlafldu .=re;=ó uf.a

uf.a mdi, ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdi,hs. uf.a mdi, msysgd we;af;a l=reKE.,h. uf.a mdif,a .=rejreka yd <uqka f.dvdla fyd| ksid uu Wfoau wjos ù yßu leue;af;ka mdi,a hkjd. uf.a chd,a 1 C mdi, yßu ,iaikhs. uu mdi,g f.dvla wdofrh. bkaiß rkq,ahd 2 B

uf.a mdi, ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdi,hs. th msysgd we;af;a l=reKE., h. uf.a mdif,a úÿy,am;s pkaok niakdhl uy;dh. uf.a mdif,a ks¾ud;D fudydka ,d,a f.%afrda uy;dh. uf.a mdif,a mka;s fndfydauhla we;. b;d fyd| .=rejre /ila uf.a uf.a mdif,a isá;s. tys b;d ,iaik mßirhla we;. uf.a mdif,a uõ YdLdj kqf.af.dv msysgd we;. uf.a mdif,a isiqka b;d fyd|h. uf.a mdi,g uu wdofrhs. uf.a mdi,g cfhka ch. wlsÿ ,shkwdrÉÑ 2F

,shkfñ W.ksñ oek.;sñ lsh,d fok mK jeks

uf.a mka;sh

uf.a mka;sh 2 D mka;shh. y¾IKs .=re;=ñh, ksixi,d .=re;=ñh iy risld .=re;=ñh uf.a mka;sfha .=re;=ñhka fõ. uf.a mka;sfha <uhska õiswg fofkla isákjd. wfma mka;sh yßu ,iaikhs. uf.a mka;shg uu yßu wdofrhs. iikaos nq,;aisxy, 2 D

mdi,a huQ br udud Wfoka Wfoka ysñysg tkjd...... t;fldg wms mdi,a hkakg ke.sákjd.......... o;a ueo,d uqj fidaod msßisÿ fjkjd......... we÷ï weo,d lEu ld,d mdi,a hkjd.........$$ l,s;a lúka; 1 C

ifrdac

irex.,h

ud .sh úfkdao .uk

irex.f,a irex.f,a Wv hkjd ysñka ief¾ mdg mdg os. j,s.h mdfjkjd ,iaikhs iq<x mdr yßu ierhs Wv hkfldg n,df.khs kQ, leä,d Thd .sfhd;a ux ;ksfjkjd

wms ksjdvq ld,fha leianEjka n,kak .shd. t;ek leianEjka f.dvdla ysáhd. uqyqfo ;sfnk fmd,s;ska ld,d leianEfjda f,v fj,d. ta ksid ug f.dvdla ÿlhs. uqyqog l=Kq odkak tmd.

yxik } 2 E

¨;sr úfþr;ak 2 B

WoEik WoEik l=re,a,kaf.a kdo wefih. lkao Wäka br mdhd ths. wfma ñÿf,a mdg mdg u,a msfmhs. ó ueiafida u,a meKs fndkjd. <uhs mdi,a hkjd. m%uqoa 2A

ifrdac

ud .sh pdßldj wms oywg jx.=j miqlrf.k uyshx.kfha .shd. wms tys we;s mkai,a jekaod. oUdfka jeos .ïudkfha jkaks, we;af;da yuqjqKd. wms ó meKs .;a;d. fidrfndr jej n,kak;a .shd. wms fudkreka oelald. Ñ;s, chj¾Ok 2 A

fmd;a lshjuq fmd;a lshùu fyd| úfkdaodxYhls. l;kaor fmd;a lshùug leue;af;ñ. ieuodu uu l;kaor fmd;a lshjñ. wfma ienE ñ;=rka fmd;ah. tajd wmg oekqu ,nd fohs. laf,jka msfIdka 1 C

k;a;,a oji

k;a;,a oji weú;a k;a;,a iShd weú;a ;E.s fnda. weú;a fi,a,ï nvq weú;a

k;a;,a iShd f,dl=hs k;a;,a u,a, f,dl=hs fi,a,ï nvq;a f,dl=hs mqxÑ wms;a i;=áka

fikqos rEmisxy 5 fY%aKsh

u,a hdh

uu leu;su fmd;

oyia fm;s u,a hdhhs r;g msfmk u,a hdhhs ysre osf,k u,a hdhhs fï n,kak u,a hdhhs

uu leu;su fmd; “fþka iy fgkdrd lreKdr;ak mSg¾” tu fmd; l;d ud,djls. 1 D fþka iy mSg¾ ifydaorhkah. Tjqka fofokdg “meÜ” kñka n,af,la isà. tks;aud isßj¾Ok 2 B

ifrdac

rd;S% wyi

iQÿ ñksiqka iQÿ fmdf,a lv uKaäfha .c rdfug tl;= fj,d ri lr lr uOqú; .efghs ùÿre is,s is,s yäka NuK u;ska f.or hkafka lE .iñka ksß i;=ka fuks yeo isák wmsßisÿ we÷uo l=Kq .o .ik isrere lshd fohs jeg <Õ <so <Õ <ud WoHdkfha liq l=iq .dñka fidhkafka fudkjo l¿ ueKsfl,d wij,df.a j. Tjqkaf.a úia;r h:d¾:h thhs tfy;a ug mqÿu wehs ñksiqfka ‘’’’iqÿ mdg fmdaodg muKla ufkdacd ouhka;s .=re;=ó

rd;S% wyi l¿ mdghs’ rd;S% wyfia y| mdhd ;sfí’ y| jfÜg ;re yskfyhs’ rd;S% wyfia jjqf,da mshdir lr;s’ rd;S% wyi yßu ,iaikhs’ à’ tï’ úkai| ß;au,a 2A

ksoyi iuruq wmf.a ksoyia oskh fhoS ;sfnkafka fmnrjdß 04 fjksodg hs’ wmf.a uõ ìu fírd .ekSug cd;sl ùrfhda /ila Wrÿkakd’ ta w;ßka ùr lemafmáfmd<” mqrkawmamq” iqux., ysñ fmruqK .;a;d’Tjqka /lÿka cd;sl ksoyi ;jÿrg;a mj;ajd .ksuq’ wfma fï mqxÑ uõìu mKfuka iqrlsuq’ jdIs; nd,iQßh 2 B

wdjd ckm;s÷ ue;s weu;ska fmrgqfldg .ehqjd vd;sl .Sh ieu iSrefjka isg wdvïnr lula oekqkd fmdä is;g ug oelalu wfma rKúrejka fmda,sug chñ hdmd nKAvdr 2 C

ifrdac

kqjKska ch .uq wms yefudau Wmka od isg bf.k .ksuq’ bf.kSfuka kqjK jeä fõ’ wms l=vd ld,fha wfma foudmshka foi n,d bf.k .ksuq’ mdif,a oS wms .=rejrekaf.ka oekqu ,nd .ksuq’ f,dalhg jev lrk ffjoHjre bxðfkarefjda .=rejreka ìysjkafka mdif,aoS fyd|ska bf.kf.k kqjK oshqKq lr .ekSfukah’ wmsg we;s f.j,a fodrj,a j;=msá bv lvï fydrekag fidrlï l< yelsh’ kuq;a wfma bf.kSfuka ,nd.;a kqjK fidrlï l< fkdyel’ wfma Ôú;fha f.dvla m%Yak ch.kak kqjK Woõ fõ’ fï ksid mdif,a oS bf.k .kakd foao bka msgoS bf.k .kakd .=KO¾u o fyd|ska bf.kf.k kqjKska Ôú;h ch .kak mqxÑ wms wo isg bf.k .ksuq’ ä;akd,a wosldß 4 B

kqjK ksid f,dj ch.;a ud uf.a jeäysáhka .=rejreka ñ;=rka iy kEoEhka fukau wfk;=;a who ud nqoaêuf;la f,i ye|skaùu ug uy;a i;=gls’ f,dalh ch.la f,da m;, mqoa.,fhl= ùfï uf.a b,lalh fj; .uka lsÍu i|yd ug uÕ fmka jQ wh fndfydah’ uf.a wdorKsh fouõmshkaf.ka .=rejrekaf.kaa ñ;=rkaf.ka ug ,enqfKA ukd uÕfmkaùuls’ uf.a wïud” wmamÉÑ iy u,a,S ksr;=reju ud osßu;a lf<dah’ úúO úIhka j,g wod< úúO fmd;am;a ñ,g f.k foñka uf.a fijke,a, fuka ud msgqmi isá fhdaO Yla;sh udf.a fouõmsfhdah’ udf.a mdif,a .=rejrekao ud ksr;=reju osßula lf<dah’ ix.S;h kegqï .ehqï yd wOHdmk lghq;= o iunr lr.ksñka mdi,a wOHdmkh id¾:lj ksud lf<ñ’ iriú jrï ,enQ osk ud yg oekqfka bfya u,l msmqKd fiah úYaj úoHd, wOHdmkh ksud lrñka uf.a wdpd¾h Wmdêh i|yd úfoaY .l jQ ud wo jk úg f,dj iqm;, kdid wdh;kfha .Õk úfYaI{jßhl f,i fiajh lrñ’ f,dalhg buy;a fiajhla ie,iSu i|yd uf.a l=vd l< isgu mej;s n,dfmdfd;a;= bgqlr .rkSug ud yg jdikdj Wod jQfha ud ;=< mej;s iyc nqoAêh ksid nj oksñ’ f;kq,s fndaêmlaI 4A

ifrdac

.=re uj

;ksjqKq yd mexpd

mdkaoßka ke.sg yeuosk ÿr f.jd ud uy uÕ mskakg f;ó iS;f,a wõjg msÉÑ fï .sks iq<f.a ;=re¨ lrka fmd;a msxpla wdofrka hkafka mdi,a ìug ud ykslg kE oekqfka fjfyi uykaishj;a hkafka ud W;=ï .ukla ksidfjka ñ, l< fkdyels ta mskanr N+ñfha wl=re .,md lshdfokafka ud mq; ÿj Tnhs wkd.;h fï isß,l bf.k .kSù .=K oï mjd mdrdoSifha

tl WoEikl uu fi,a,ï lrñka isáhd’ uu fi,a,ï lf¾ Wÿmsh,sh ;Kìiafia —fudllao uf.a ll=f,a je÷fka isksÿjg˜ uu ne¨jd’ —wfka mqxÑ ;ksjqKq yd mexfpla ˜ uu fyñysg thdf.a T¿j w;.Ejd’ —wfka yß isksÿhs thdf.a weÕ” Thdg nv.sks o @˜ uu yd mexpdg lsß ÿkakd’ yd mexpd tlal yqr;,a jqKd’ wms thdj mßiaifuka n,d .;a;d’ yd mexpd ál ál f,dl= jqKd’ uu oelald ojila yd mexpdf.a weiaj, l÷¿ ;shkjd’ mõ yd mexpdg thdf.a wïudj u;la fj,d’ wms yd mexpdg thdf.a wïudj fydhd.kak Woõ l<d’ yd mexpdg yß i;=gqhs’ thd hkak l,ska Wv mekakd’ mskqï .eyqõjd’ uu hyd mexpdj wdofrka ;=re¨ lr.;a;d’ ug yß i;=gqhs’ yd mexpdg thdf.a wïud yïnfj,d’

ÿIHka;s koSId .=re;=ó

ifrdac

furdß ymqwdrÉÑ 3 B

uu uf.a ku oeyeñ’ uf.a jhi wjqreÿ wghs’ uf.a mdi, ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdi,hs’ uf.a .u kdrïu,hs’ ug kx.s flfkla isákjd’ uf.a wïudf.a ku wkQmud’ uf.a ;d;a;f.a ku ixÂj’ uu jeämqr lkak leu;s m<;=r wkakdis’ uu jeämqr fndkak leu;s j;=r’ uu wkd.;fha oS ffjoHjßhla ùug leu;shs’ oeyeñ 3 B

uu uf.a ku ysreka’ uf.a jhi wjqreÿ y;hs’ uu mdi,a hEug b;d leu;sh’ uu fyd|ska bf.k .ksñ’ uu fyd| orefjla fjñ’ ysreka foaYnkaÿ 2E

ifrdac

mßirh mßirh hkq wm wjg jgmsgdjhs’ th msßisÿj w,xldrj ;nd.ekSu wm i;= hq;=luls’ túg bka f.kfok wfma fkl is;d mskd hhs’ l=Kq li< w;k fu;k fkdoeñh hq;=h’ uÿrejka fnda ùu” ÿ¾.kaOh jykh ùu tuÕska je<lS hhs’ u,a j¾. yd .iaje,a jeùu jeo.;ah’ tuÕsk wmg wdydro ,efí’ msßisÿ jd;dY%h o bfíu ,efnkq we;’ mßirfha ;sfnk iajhxfmdaIs; foaj,a ¥IKh lsÍfuka mßirh wmsßisÿ fjhs’ ñksidg yd Ôùkag yqiau.ekSu i|yd wjYH Tlaiscka ,efnkqfha mßirfhks’ mßirfhka wmsg úúO foaj,a rdYshla ,nd.; yel’ tfukau Ôùkag ys;lr mßirhla mj;ajd .ekSug wjYH c, pl%h md,kh fjkqfha o mßirh uÕsks’ mßirh fkdfhla is;a.kakd iq¿ ks¾udK ìys lrñka wm f,dalfha iqkaor;ajh fo.=K f;.=K lr we;’ ñys;,h u;ska by<g ke.s ks¾udKh ù we;s l÷ mka;s ukisldka; oiqka ujdmdhs’ l÷uqÿkaj,ska Wmosk oshwe<s jkdka;r fl;aj;= i;d isõmdjqka fmdaIKh lrñka id.rh ism .kshs’ tu ksid mßirh /l.ekSu wmf.a j.lSu yd hq;=luls’ fu;=,s chiQßh 6 fY%aKsh

kshÕh weú,a,d

.sks fnda,hla jeks ysre wyia l=i isg fmdf<dj .skshï lrhs’ ysre /ia jegqKq j,dl=¿ rkajka meyefhka fmfkhs’ jeys j,dl=<l i<l=Klaj;a kfnda.efnys oelsh fkdyel’ jeys l=ußh j,dl=<ska ìug jäk osklaj;a is;d.; fkdyel’ jdlh ksYap,h’ isyska iq<x fmdolaj;a yud fkdhhs’ l÷ uqÿkaj, osh W,am;a is|S hñka mj;shs’ osh W,amf;a isg l÷ osf.a .,d nisñka Thg tlajk myr osfkka osk wvq fjñka mj;shs’ .Õ osh uÜgu my; jefghs’ .x m;=f,ys ;ekska ;ek Tgq fud,a,s fuka .,a b,smamS fmfkhs’ osjd l, WKqiqu bjish fkdyel’ oEiaj,ska .sks msgfjhs’ osjd ? fjfyilska f;drj oyäfhka f;drj weÕ f;;afjhs’ .sks f.dvla wi, isák whqrla oefka’ fu;=,s chiQßh 6 fY%aKsh

uf.a rg uf.a rg ,xldjhs’ th bkaoshka id.rfha uq;= weghhs’ uyje,s le<Ks j,fõ hk .x.d udf.a rfÜ we;’ .x.d we< fod< hk wdoS b;du;a iqkaor foaj,a udf.a rfÜ msysgd we;’ ;jo l;djla ;sfí —mßirh ñksidf.a cSjhhs” cSjh ñksidf.a meje;auhs˜’ bka lshfjkafka ñksid cSj;a jkfka mßirh iuÕ njhs’ tu ksid wm l=Kq li, oeófuka j<lsuq’ wdoS ld,fha ñksid mßirh iuÕ wkHfkdakH ne£ulska jdih lf<ah’ wm rfÜ ish¨u jia;+kays meje;au ;SrKh lrk mßirh wdrlaId lsÍu wm ieuf.a mru hq;=luls’ .x.d we< fod< fld;rï pu;aldr oiqkao@ tu ksid fudfyd;lg is;d n,kak’ mßirh ñksid cSj;a lrjhs’ wm wo isg wmf.a rg yd mßirh wdrlaId lrkjd hhs wmf.a isf;ys wosgka lr.ksuq’ uu fï jpk iaj,amfhka udf.a rpkdj wjika lrñ’ fï udf.a rgh wdorKSh rgh uu udf.a rgg wism;la ùug wdihs uu udf.a rgg udf.a mK fuka wdofrhs

j¾Id uqyqÿ ¥ 6A

ifrdac

f,h

ud l=vd l< fomfha fydjd k<jd f,djg wefikakg ke<õ,s .S .hd l=Kq fros fiaÿ álla f,dl= jQ úgos ud rKavq irej,a ueo f,dl=u y;=ßh úh ta ieufoalgu jeäh f,a ne£u Yla;shla ù Tnhs uf.a f,dl=u ys;j;sh hd hq;= uÕ fyd| krl lshd oS Ôúf;a oskqï lKqj <Õ ud yer oeuQ yoj; fodia k.hs iel lf<a kï Tfí fifkyi fomd <Õ jeà whosñ iud fifkyi kue;s l=¿ f.ä fld;rï meñKsho fkdyelsúh l=vq lrkakg wfma fifkyia neïu kej; yeÍ ne¨fjñ is;=fjñ —ujla fuks ˜ ke; weh uf.a ujuh kqUhs uf.a fidfydhqßh ‘’’

uf.a u,a j;a; mdg mdg u,a wfma ñÿ, yev iuk,hska meKs fm;s fiaru ìu

msms,d ù,d Wr,d jeá,d

wfma f.or u,a j;=iqÿ u,a fndfyd yekaoEjg tajd nqÿ idÿg mqo

j;af;a we;af;a lvd fokafka

ksiq,s hqykaid 1 G

w¨;a wjqreoao wjqreÿ wdjd wjqreÿ wdjd’ mqxÑ wmg i;=g f.kdjd’ ri ri lEu;a f.or yeÿjd’ mqxÑ wms;a ri lr lEjd’ fldfyda fldfyda y~ weiqKd’ wjqreÿ ojfia i;=g b;sreKd’ f.or yefudau tl;= jqKd’ fï wjqreoao f.or ieurejd’ tIsks wêldß 1 D

ksrxc,d NdIsks .=re;=ó

ifrdac

jjkafkda oskkafkda h w;S;fha ,xldj fmrosk OdkHd.drh f,i ye¢kaúh tod furg lDIs wiajekafkka msÍ ;snqKs’ wfma uq;=ka ñ;af;da uykais ù l<y’ tu ksid w;S;fha ,xldj fi!Nd. Hj;a rgla úh’ wo;a lDIsl¾udka;h furg m%Odk cSjfkdamdhls’ kuq;a f.dú;eka lrk msßi wvqfjñka mj;S’ tu ksid OdkH” t<j¿ wdosh fjk;a rgj,ska wdkhkh lsÍug isÿ ù ;sfí’ th rfÜ oshqKqjg ndOdjls’ wfma rfÜ idrj;a mila iy fi!uH foaY.=Khla mj;S’ th f.dú;eka lghq;= i|yd b;du;a ys;lr fõ’ tu ksid thska m%fhdack f.k kej;;a j.d lsÍu wdrïN l< hq;=h’ j.d fkdlr w;ayer oeuq bvï kej;;a j.d bvï njg m;a l< yelsh’ ;j o wmg wfma f.j;=j,o t<j¿” m<;=re wdosh j.d l< yelsh’ túg lDIsl¾udka;h ksid rg oshqKq jkq we;’ jjkafkda oskkafkda h hkak ls%hdjg kxjd kej;;a wfma rg fmros. OdkHd.drh njg m;a lr .ksuq’ ufya,s chr;ak

ifrdac

wïud ysre f,djg tfnk i| ish¨ ÿla ord f,dj lsisu flfkl=g lsisu od iu fkdjk wïud kï Tnhs yóâ 1 B

uf.a wïudf.a ku ksud,s’ wïud ug yßu wdofrhs’ ug rig lEu Wh,d fokjd’ ug ,iaik we÷ï f.k;a fokjd’ uu;a thdg yßu wdofrhs’ fgkq,s ,sukaid 1 H

uf.a kx.s kx.s ug yßu wdofrhs’ uu;a kx.sg yßu wdofrhs’ kx.sf.a ku Ihska’ kx.s ud;a tlal fi,a,ï lrkjd’ kx.sg jhi wjqreÿ myhs’ is;sos ùrfialr 2 E

uf.a ;d;a;d uf.a ;d;a;df.a ku ckl rdcisxy’ Tyq b;du;a lreKdjka;hs’ udj mdi,g /f.k hkafka uf.a ;d;a;hs’ ;d;a;d ug f.dvdla wdofrhs’ uu;a uf.a ;d;a;g f.dvdla wdofrhs’ ikql wflaka 2 B

uf.a wdor wïud

ug fï f,dalfha wdof¾ lrkafka ljqo lsh,d Thd,d okakjkao@ ta fjk ljqre;a fkfjhs uf.a wdor wïud’ uf.a wïudg foõmshdKka jykafiaf.ka ,enqKq f,dl=u ;E.A. uu¨’ wïud ug f.dvdla wdofrhs’ ud;a wïudg f.dvdla wdofrhs’ fYkqks rKisxy 2 E

ifrdac

ia;+;sh l=reKE., ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdif,a m<uqjrg ifrdac kñka isxy, i`.rdjla t<s±laùug wkq.%yh ,ndÿka - ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdif,a ks¾ud;D wdpd¾h fudydka ,d,a f.%afrda ue;s;=uka - iïnkaëlrK úÿy,am;sksh wdpd¾h l=udß f.%afrda ue;sKsh - wOHlaI ksls; f.%afrda ue;s;=uka - wm mdif,a úÿy,am;s pkaok niakdhl uy;d - m%Odkdpd¾h pkaok fyÜáwdrÉÑ uy;d - wxY m%Odk WfïId l=udß uy;añh yd kqjx.s rdcmlaI uy;añh - ,hsishï mdi,a cd,fha úoHq;a udOH fufyhqï l<uKdlre cks; Èidkdhl uy;d - jevigyka iïnkaëldrl m%fndaO .ï,;a uy;d o - wkqrdOmqr ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdif,a f;dr;=re ;dlaIK úOdhl ks,Odß liqka Èidkdhl uy;d - wkqrdOmqr ,hsishï cd;Hka;r mdif,a .%e*sla uqøK lghq;= l< i|rejka ksYaYxl uy;d - isxy, úIh Ndr .=reuy;aóka - msg ljrh ks¾udKh l< wEka ;sfiard fufkúh - h;=re ,shkh yd mß.Kl ixiarKh OkQId Èidkdhl uy;añh ksrxc,d isßj¾Ok uy;añh - we;=<; Ñ;% ks¾udKh ksrxc,d isßj¾Ok fufkúh - mdif,a ish¨u .=re uy;au uy;aóka - úúO ld¾hhka i|yd odhl jQ wkOHhk ld¾h uKav,h - ixialdrl uKav,h - iqcd;d wurisxy ñh ysudIkS ,shkf.a ñh ks¾u,d isßj¾Ok ñh Èiakd mqiafif.or ñh ÿIHka;s k§Id fufkúh ksrxc,d isrsj¾Ok fufkúh

ifrdac