Project Title: "Circle Unlimited" Design Period: January 2020-August 2020 No of Pages: 90 Ke Wang Student Number: 19004793 caroline.wk08@gmail.com, 15271629346@163.com +44-7724225652, +86-15271629346 Mentor Team Yun Wu, Claudio Molina Camacho MA Architecture and Urbanism 2019/2020 Manchester School of Architecture All rights reserved.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to my principal supervisor, Mrs Yun Wu, for her mentoring and guidance in the project, for her kind support and her friendship. Special gratitude is also extended to the other superviosors for their guidance, supprot, constructive feedback and friendship. My heartfelt appreciation also goes to the Manchester School of Architecture for providing me with the oppotunity to be a part of this interesting program, Architecture and Urbanism. I owe my gratitude to my family, friends and all others who I have shared precious times with. They have motivated me to continue this journey to the very end with their supprot, their interest in what I do and their company in moments of loneliness.
FOREWORD It is widely believed that urban dwellers had significantly more opportunities socialising and gathering with their neighbours, youngsters had more chances interacting with friends and schoolmates, and communities were much closer decades ago. However, in recent years, the connection among urban residents has been reduced due to the accelerating transit in population and living stresses. Meanwhile, the individual living spaces have been severely squeezed caused by the rapid development of urbanisation and the boosts of urban population. Many urban residents have lost an efficient public green space for relaxing, socialising and appreciating the nature. As a designer, has to take current situation of cities into account and to build a natural space for urban residents to enjoy their social life and natural experiences. Therefore, in this project, the designer aims to solve the existing problems in communities and to provide a more connective and healthier lifestyle to urban residents.
HOW TO READ
" CIRCLE UNLIMITED "
The INTRODUCTION explains the overall social issues, the changes that Saint-Denis has witnessed and relevant considerations. The ANALYSIS is divided into four sub-chapters: the site location, analysis of site from various aspects, the 'Best Choice' of masterplan and a summary. The summary gives a brief overiew of problems and explaination. The "CIRCLE UNLIMITES" is the primary part. It describes the process of the design and how the goal of 'better people places' was achieved. It also includes the concept, masterplan, sections and some key images to build a deeper understanding for readers. The CONCLUSION describes the positive impacts of the design locally and globally, and an outlook. The APPENDIX includes questionnaries used for the investigation of neighbourhood parks.
CONTENT
1
INTRODUCTION
08
"SOCIAL ISSUE" "THE CITY" CONSIDERATION
10 12 18
2 ANALYSIS
20
3 "CIRCLE UNLIMITED"
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LOCATION ANALYSIS OF SITE "BEST CHOICE" SUMMARY ANALYSIS
4
22 24 34 36
INSPIRATION STRATEGIES MASTERPLAN "BIG SUNSHINE LAWN" "MULTI-FUNCTIONAL SUNKEN SQUARE"
40 44
CHILDREN ENTERTAINMENT AREA
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CONCLUSION
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POSITIVE IMPACT LOCALLY AND GLOBALLY TOMORROW
82
5 APPENDIX
48 62 68
84
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INTRODUCTION "SOCIAL ISSUE" "THE CITY" CONSIDERATION
The INTRODUCTION explains the overall social issues, the changes that Saint-Denis has witnessed and relevant considerations.
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Not enough space for entertainment area. Only able to serve a small number of people.
Blocked community. People' social life is restricted by walls and fences.
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"SOCIAL ISSUE" The following photographs indicate the abandonment of public space and some community spaces that lack of popularity in Saint-Denis.
No faciities for people to rest and socialise.
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Absense of public open space.
Lack of connection between communities and sourroding areas.
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"THE CITY" Saint-Denis is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. Located 9.4km from the center of Paris, is a formerly industrial area but currently it is changing its economic priority.
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1830
Saint-Denis
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Strong Social Connections and Relationships
Familier Neighbours
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Low Immigrating Rate
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...
Shared public open space
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Nowadays What Are Major Issues Now? Boost of construction Squeezed public space High immigration rate Strange neighbours Lack of natural landsacpe
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...
(Some of the reasons that caused these circumstances are further explored and explained on page 25.)
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Saint-Denis 2020
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How to activate the communication
among people, nurturing social cohesion in the neighbourhood and creating a better life-style based on architecture and lanscape design?
High-quality green s as diversed plants
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CONSIDERATION Art installation to demestrate the special story and history of the
Flexiable space makes more activities happen.
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Rich and specifically designed children entertainment
spcae such Design of socialising space to promote the communication
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ANALYSIS
BACKGROUND ANALYSIS OF SITE "BEST CHOISE" SUMMARY ANALYSIS
The ANALYSIS is divided into four sub-chapters: the site location, analysis of site from various aspects, the 'Best Choice' of masterplan and a summary. The summary gives a brief overiew of problems and explaination.
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SITE LOCATION
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Site location: Saint-Denis(France)
Paris
Saint-Denis, medieval city and industrial place with great working-class, has deeply evolved and adapted to the needs of its time. The city was initially the one of the largest industrial areas in Europe. Rich in history and patrimony, during the last 30 years it has changed dramatically.
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View of Saint-Denis
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N
2008—2018：Alstom Confluence Neaucite 500 family and student dwellings; 300 delivered stores in close proximity The 6B: a cultural metropolitan hub
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2010—2019：Brise Echalas New and old housing through PNRQAD
2013—2026： Sud Confluence mixed devt zone 700 dwellings plannes; one school built; one college to come.
Seine River
SITE
After 2024： more work to the south Dwellings; a new school; activities. Canal de Saint-Denis
24
Railway Tracks
DEMOGRAPHICS AND CONSRUCTIONS
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1970-80: Plant closures and the resulting rise in unemployment cause the number of residents to fall. 1990 – 2000: Efforts to redevelop the town center; industrial brownfield sites change the urban landscape and offer new opportunities for housing and a new economic business hub (for tertiary sector companies at present). For often modest households, the lack of available housing and high costs remain a reality. Saint-Denis still plays a key role. (New + old housing [through PNRQAD, a national program for the redevelopment of areas in poor condition, implemented by ANRU, the national agency for urban redevelopment]). 2001-2016: Due to the encouragement from the local goverment, such as low cost living scheme and more job opportunities, Saint-Denis has witnessed a significantly demograohic growth with 111,354 residents in 2016.
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GREEN SPACE ANALYSIS However, with the increasing number of constructions and population, the green space is not considered accordingly. People do not have enough public green space to relax and socilise.
Green spac Saint-Denis Park and
Sports are
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There is no green spac as city park site area.
Lack of planning and design. Lack of diversity.
The interior green space does not serve the public. 26
ce of s garden
ea
Site green space Community green space Riverbank green space Blocked landscape Interior landscape MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
o big ce such k in the
Green space of Site Surrounding Area
Currently, there are no connection between the landscape of site and other surrounding green spaces.
Landscape is blocked with fences.
Abandoned landscape
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STRATEGIES What need to be preseved in this area? Preservation and refurbishment for historical objects on the site. P2 P1
Historical Building
Warehous
Due to the request from the local government, the designer needs to consider to build more flats and an elementary school in the site. Moreover, two exiseting building, the historial building and warehouse in the site need to be preserved and refurbished.
28
P1
P2
What need to be constructed in this area? Design of Residential function composed of 250-300 flats and an elementary school.
School
Flats
se What is the designer want to achieve? Currently, the site and surrounding areas are no open public space to relax, socialize with their friends and get closer to nature. Therefore, the designer plans to design a neighbourhood park in the site to meet the local residents needs and make the green spaces naturally connected. Neighbourhood Park
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COMMUTING ANALYSIS How to Cross?
Train Station Railway
There is an underground passage here.
The main road across the site from north to south.
Mai
nR
oad
The riverbank road is close to the site. Riverbank Road
30
Currently, there is just one road to reach the train station from the site crossing the underground passage.
Railway Noise pollution from the railway.
Died End There is no road connects other areas. Blocked
There is no entrance to get into the site.
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ANALYSIS OF SITE
Site Residential Area
User Resources of Site
Commercial Area
Despite a great number of communities are located surronding the site, some commercial buildings have been build close to the site. Therefore, the major users of the site are from the sourrounding communities. Some users are office workers and visitors.
Factory Office Building Train Station 32
The site is located in the east of the Saint River, visitors to the site would have the opportunity to appreciate the river view.
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Plus, it is along the railway, the noice pollution will be a big issue that the designer should consider.
N W
E S
→ → →
Site
Passenger Flow Analysis
Main Passenger Flow Route
Currently, there is only one main passenger flow route across the site from north to souch. The designer plan to add other routes across the site as well. Even a new bridge will be designed to connect the site from west to east in the future.
Secondary Passenger Flow Route Future Passenger Flow Route
33
The Elementary School is built surrounded by communities, the location increases the accessibility and security. At the same time, it makes easier for parents to pick up their children. School
P2 P1
Buffer Zone
Neighbourhood Park
34
The park has be to connect the h building area. It the main green s more integrate, a makes the surro areas more acce
"BEST CHOICE"
N The flats are built in the east of the park. They are facing the river. It gives residents a better appreciation of river. Flats
Why Each Area Is Located Where It Is
?
r
een built historical makes space and it ounding essible.
P1 Historical Building The function of historical building has been changed. It became to an residential center now. Moreover, it provides a relaxing public space for the local people.
P2 Warehouse The function of warehouse has been changed as well. It was redesigned as a entertainment building. It provides a relaxing public space for the local residents. For example, some parentes can wait for their childen finishing school in this building.
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ANALYSIS SUMMARY The City The Site Public Open Space
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ANALYSIS SUMMARY Summary of 'The City' High-speed social developement Increasing population Increasing immigration Lack of public area Lack of landscape MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Summary of 'The Site' Full of buildings Lack of public open space Lack of connectivity among landscapes Shortage of roads A great number of residents
Benefits of Neighbourhood Park Highly accessable convinent public area Locally nature experience Best family gardens Events locations Nurturing social cohesion in the neighbourhood
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"CIRCLE UNLIMITED INSPIRATION STRATEGES MASTERPLAN BIG SUNSHINE LAWN MULIT-FUNCTIONAL SUNSKEN SQUARE CHILDREN ENTERTAINMENT AREA
The "CIRCLE UNLIMITES" is the primary part. It describes the process of the design and how the goal of 'better people places' was achieved. It also includes the concept, masterplan, sections and some key images to build a deeper understanding for readers.
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D"
3
The designer is considering building a neighbourhood park in the site, due to
INSPIRATION 40
41
H
owever, the designer did a survey (Figure 1 in appendix), and concluded some problems of neighbourhood parks generally based in the UK. From the work, the designer found that there are some similarities of UK communities to that in Saint-Denits. They seems to be frequently occured and common problems, and they occur in Saint-Denis as well.
1
Lack of Versatility in Most Functional Areas
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No Connection with Surrounding Areas
E.g. The children playground only allows kid. There is no entertainment for parents.
2
Lack of Flexibility
E.g. Fenced spaces have difficulty to enlarge and transit. 42
E.g. There is no extended roads or landscapes to connect the surroundings.
SIMILAR PROBLEMS EXSIT IN THE SITE AREA
No Connection With Surrounding Areas
Lack of Versatility in Most Functional Areas
Damaged Facilities
Lack of Flexibility
Therefore, the designer believes that these aspectis need to consided and improve in this site project.
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Abandoned Building
RESEARCH THE NEEDS OF USERS
From the perspective of users, the designer do the research about the needs of users Main Users
Main Activity Time
Surrounding residents
8am to 8pm
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Students from Surrounding schools
4pm to 8pm on working days and weekends Secondary Users Surrounding office worker
Midday
Visitors Weekend
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Conclusion: The neighbourhood park design should c The plan will priorities the needs of surrounding reside
s. Main Needs (e.g)
Functional Areas and Facilities
Functional requirement: Recreational area, Activity square, Social area, Fitness area. MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Functional requirement: Children entertainment area and sports area.
Functional requirement: Social area and quiet zone.
Functional requirement: Recreational area, Social area, Sports area, Service area.
consider the needs of different groups in different time slots. nts and consider the needs of other users at the same time.
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STRATEGY AND PROCESSING OF DESIGN Children Entertainment Area
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Relaxing Area
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Multi-functional Area
Sports Area
Chattin Square Nature Area Exercise Area
Activities Square
Servies Area
The designer plays to design and organize them into different circle groups to provide flexibility and multifunctionality to the entire area and to enhance the utilization of the space.
School
Neighbourhood Park
Flats
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N
The plan aims to break the limitation of original site scope and to create more connection with surrounding areas. Even try to build a “Bridge of Connection�between the banks of the Saint river to attract more visitors coming.
Main Pedestrian Circulation Secondary Pedestrian Circulation The main design element is circle. The circle indicates sharing, interaction and harmony. 47
"MASTERPLAN"
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N
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Aerial Perspective of Neighbourhood Park
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AERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF TWO MAIN FUNCTIONA This drawing illustrates people’ activities in the two main functional areas, Big Sunshine Lawn and Multi-functional Sunken Square.
52 54
AL CIRCLES
54
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FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS Terrace Landscape Appriciating plants and flowers; Relaxing...
Small Garden Chatting with friends...
The primary road is going through all functional areas of this park. It aims to help people to easily visit all functional areas. This one road connects all important functional areas, which significantly reduces the visitors’ commuting time.
54
Pocket Park Sitting and talking...
Big Sunshine Lawn Playing the water; Sitting; Running; Relaxing...
Coffe Bar
Drinking; S Relaxing...
ee
Sitting;
Multi-Functional Sunken Square Skating; helding various activities...
Exercise Area Doing some exercies...
Children Entertainment Area
Sports Area
Safe and special entertainment Playing basketball... area for children.
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COMMUTING ANALYSIS These going-through fast paths connects all entrances located on four directions. These convenient paths allow visitors to going through the entire park quickly and directly. The exterior footpath is along the edges, it is the longest footpath around the entire park. Interior footpaths are short branches of the exterior footpath. The design of these footpaths aims to provide jogging and walking spaces to park users.
The benches are along the exterior footpath/ edges. The design of benches aims to provide places to relax at all time.
Design Process of Benches
56
The main element of benches, arc-lines are div from the circle (main element of functional area then they are connected to make a long curve.
vided as), .
Arc-lines are used to connect the seating benches and make them continuous.
The variation in height is applied to make the entire design more interesting and complete. 57
DESIGN OF NEIGHBOURHOOD PARK
Principles of Choosing Pavemen
The functionality and characte pavement materials
A A'
The users needs of activities a aesthetics
The entire pavement style to k unity.
Asphalt Path
Granite
Toughened Glass
Section A-A' : 1:500
Brushs
Intenal Ro
Intenal Road Pedestrain Road
58
Sunken Square
Coffee Bar
nt Materials The natural stone with high durability and ornamental feature was chosen in the park pavement. The cobblestone is hard and anti-scratching. It is an ideal enviromental-friendly marerial, The natural culture stone was produced in the local area. It is bright and it shows a specially local style of materials.
eristic of
and
keep the
Cobblestone
Natural Culture Stone
Office Area
Wading Pool
Native
Alee-tree
Trees Grass
oad Big Sunshine Lawn
Traffic Road Intenal Road
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DESIGN OF NEIGHBOURHOOD PARK MIX PLANTING PLAN PIRENNIALS Plants Names
Lavandula Angustifolium
Anthemis
Iridis Illuricae
Tulipa
Pennisetum 'little bunny'
Native
/
Mo Cae
Photos
Native?
Native
Native
Native
Area
Overall Planting Plan
General Maintenance: This is the maintenance requirements for the detailed area of planting in the first 3 years.
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Weed Control: All planting areas will be inspected in tw week basis, weeds will be contorled or removed.
SHRUBS
olinia erulea
/
wor
TREES Yellow Jasmine
Aeonium Panicum
Native
/
Cinnamomum Camphora
Native
Replacement of plants: Dead or damaged plants will be replaced with 7 days.
Platanus
Albizia
Medulla Cedri
Native
/
Native
Litter: Site to be maintained free of litter at all times. All litters will be cleaned and removed by the maintanence team.
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BIG SUNSHINE LAWN
The big sunshine lawn is a multifunctional area. It is organised with many circles inside one big circle. It improves the utilization of this area. And various activities can take place in this space. 62
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BIG SUNSHINE LAWN
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Multiple activities can take place on the Big Sunshine Lawn. Moreover, the design i
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improves the untilisation of this area.
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BIG SUNSHINE LAWN
What Will Happen to This Area?
...
Dancing? Walking?
Fly the kite?
Picnic?
Running?
Exercisi
Sitting?
Commuting Analysis 66
ing?
Open Sunshine Lawn Sitting, running, playing the guitar...
Wading Pool Enjoying water...
Benches Seating, relaxing... Various Plants Appreciating..
Grass
Plan
67
MULTI-FUNCTIONAL SUNKEN SQUARE
The area of multi-functional sunken square includes sunken square, coffee bar and a part of green space. Lots of activities and possibilities can take place in this area. 68
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MULTI-FUNCTIONAL SUNKEN SQUARE
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Most of daytime, there are enough sunlight in the neighbourhood park. People can do many things on the sunken square such as skating, dancing and hold many events.
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MULTI-FUNCTIONAL AREA
How to Make them Connective and Integrate? Green Spcae
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Coffee Bar
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Sunken Square
Design of Coffee Bar
The design of oval roof of the coffee bar will point towards to the sunken square, it aims to enhance the connectivity between the bar and sunken square.
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Design of Feature Wall
The feature wall can be used as memorial wall showing pictures and drawings. Moreover, several doors are used to enhance the functionality and interests of the wall.
Secondary Entrance Secondary Entrance
The designer designed a feature wall connected with these three parts, arc-lines are used for the top and the bottom. It aims to make the connection between the coffee bar and the sunker square more naturally, and to enhance the design integrity of these three parts.
Main Entrance
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MULTI-FUNCTIONAL SUNKEN SQUARE What Will Happen to the Sunken Square?
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Except the basic functions e.g. sitting and relaxing. The sunken square can be used for various activities. For example:
Open-air Cinema Enjoying the movie together in the open-air cinema.
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Concert Holding concert on this square.
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Exhibition
Community Activities
Holding exhibitions in this area.
Celebrating for festivals or special dates.
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MULTI-FUNCTIONAL SUNKEN SQUARE
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The Shadow Change of a Day
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Summer 09:00
11:00
14:00
Winter 09:00
11:00
14:00
17:00
In winter, the long shadow takes place in two time-slot, in the morning and in the afternoon after about 4 pm. Although there is long shadow in the morning, people still can enjoy the sunlight and do some exercises in the major area of the sinking square. After 5pm is almost dark, most people would return home.
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17:00
In summer, the long shadow of coffee bar always starts at 5pm, the time when people normally finish work and school. Some people like to socialise and drink with friends after work. They can choose to stay in the coffee bar, but they also can enjoy their beers, breeze and night-time in the shadow area out of the coffer bar.
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CHILDREN ENTERTAINMENT AREA The children entertainment area provides a safe and special area for children.
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CONCLUSION
POSITIVE IMPACE LOCALLY & GLOBALLY OUTLOOK
The CONCLUSION describes the positive impacts of the design locally and globally, and an outlook.
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POSITIVE IMPACE LOCALLY AND GLOBALLY
FOR THE URBA
Building a "Bridge of C of the Saint River to en the site and surroundin
Neighbourhood parks issues mentioned abov " CIRCLE UNLIMITED "
Improve social cohesio Saint-Denis
Attract new immigrates
Enrich urban landscap
FOR PEOPLE Meet the local residents needs Create social opportunities, particularly for the transit population Enhance the quality of life Provide a recreational public area for the different groups in various time slots Provide locally accessible natural experience
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Improve the city image Improve urban microcl
FOR THE EART
Reserve natural resour
Create a harmony betw and its dewellers
...
FOR FUTURE
Connection" between the banks nhance the connectivity between ng areas.
As one of the crucial green spaces, neighbourhood parks will be playing significant role on improving social cohesion, the image of future cities and the balance between the environment and human cities.
are solutions to solve social ve.
on in the neighbourhood
s
pes
e imate
TH
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AN ENVIRONMENT
The design project aims to create a better lifestyle to people, a harmony relationship between people and the environment, nurturing social cohesion in the neighbourhood and improving the quality of urban life. The design can be used as a case study to contribute on future neighbourhood park construction and the reconstruction for previously built neighbourhood parks.
rces
ween the Earth
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TOMORROW
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The designer believes that future neighbourhood should be built based on the people's real requirements, to create a place that urban dewellers can enjoy natural enviroments and sociolising in cities. Residents spend good time in these areas, this is the neighbourhood life we expect.
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APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRES OF NEIGHBOURHOOD PARKS
The APPENDIX includes questionnaries used for the investigation of neighbourhood parks.
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Are you? A. Local resident B. Work or study nearby C.Visitor D. Employee E.Other What is your occupation? A. Office clerk/ worker B. Manager
C. Student
What age group do you belong to? A. 0-16 B. 16-25 C. 26-40
D.41-55
D. Retiree
F. 56+
QUESTIO O NEIGHBO PAR
What is your main reason for visiting neighbourhood park? (Please tick up to five main reasons) □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □
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For peace and quiet enviroment Getting more fresh air Visiting the play area/ playground Playing/ watching sports or games Enjoying flowers/trees Attending an event Riding a bike Takng a walk/ relaxing/ picnics Meeting friends and family Dog walking For work Take a shortcut Other
E. Other
The designer used questionnaries to collect data in current neighbourhood parks.
How often you visit the Neighbourhood Park? A. Most Days B. Weekly C. Monthly D. Occasionally
E. Rarely
How long does it take walking to the neighbourhood park? A. under 15minutes B. 15-30minutes C. More than 30minutes
ONNARIES OF OURHOOD RKS
(1=extremely unsuitable 2=unsuitable 3=normal 4=suitable 5=extremely suitable) Do you think the function distribution is reasonable? A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Do you think there are enough exercising facilities? A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5
Are you satisfied with the landscaping at your park? A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Do you think the neighbourhood park has good and convenient facilities? A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5
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THE END