Client Profile Peter
Client Profile: Family of 4 (Mother, Father, Daughter and Son) Father travels to work each day. Mother works in the building - rooftop garden. Children (16 &18yrs) attend a local school. Basic Needs: The apartment will need to provide both family and personal space that keeps clients comfortable, warm, dry as the apartment provides them witha healthy living environment. Fresh air, warmth, light, water, hygiene are primary basics. Sustainable, efficient living and transportation are secondary. My clients have opted for a...
Sally
Annie
Fredrich
Fig.3 ...Western facing living space due to their weekly working hours. They have agreed that most of their times is spent in the living area and to enjoy the afternoon sun is a priority for them. During weekends the family use public transport to visit the counrtyside and sight-see around other cities in neighbouring countries (Spain, Italy and Switzerland). Above all the client would like me to pursue all effective and applicable sustainable solutions as this aligns with the clients interests and personal philosophies.
Fig.1 Fig.4
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Fig.6 Specific Profile & Needs: Peter will need a mode of transport for commuting to work and running errands. Public transport options include: Train, Tram, Light-Rail, Taxi and Bus. Personal transport options are: Car, Bicycle. There are already existing bicycle tracks and travelling to work by bicycle is viable and only approx. 10min longer travel time compared to travelling by car. Sally will need access to transportation on a weekly basis when visiting family and running errands. She works within UnitÊ d’Habitation growing food on the roof top gardens and selling through the building shop levels located on level 7 & 8 at discounted prices to residents of the building but is also open to the public. Annie & Fredrich will need transport to and from school, both attend the same local school and are capable of cycling each day. The Family uses public transport and bicycles during weekend outings for this they use trains and buses because they do not have a car when they have access to plenty of public transport. Fig.7 below shows how well intergrated sustainable means of transport have been included in the city planned infastructure. Note the dedicated cyclists track.
Fig.7
Getting around Tango T600 electric car Electric Mobility: Installing a shared electric car system that residents have swipe-card access to would be a fantastic way to combat the need for my client to own a car. This system would help reduce commuting traffic congestion in the City of Marseille, carbon emissions and space required for parking at point A and B. Tango T600 by CommuterCars (Fig.1) is a purpose-built electric car for commuting. These would be a fantastic solution for my client and an incredible asset to the building.
Figs.10-12
Three models can be introduced as needed and are available in luxury and basic models ranging from $108,000 to as little as $19,000 for the T600 and T100 models respectively. Systems like the shared EV Station seem very viable for the building and my clients to invest in as it provides different model cars to residents in respect of their budgets. The buildings ground floor lends itself well
Fig.8
to this (Fig.15). Parking and charging stations can be fitted where 40 cars are available 24/7. Car space per capita is 50% less than the parking space require for a standard car which also overcomes issues with conserving space in high density urban dwellings like Unite d’Habitation. This eCar system would allow my client greater freedom than public transport when he needs flexibility to run errands on his own time. Electricity for charging electric cars can in-part be generated by installing solar panels on the roof of the building and all balconies (Fig.25). By installing this
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mode of electricity generation, energy can be generated on sunny days, this would greatly increased the buildings value as it became increasingly selfsustaining. Electricity that isn’t being used to power the building or charge the
Fig.9
cars can be fed back into the grid. I believe this to be a sustainable system for my client that also subverts consumerist ideals of car-per-person mentality.
Pedal Power: A bicycle sharing program can be put in place as a means for the Children travel to and from school. As residents they would have swipe card access to 100 bicycles. The bike-share station and ordinary bike racks would be located on the ground floor (underneath the building) so my clients would not have to store their bikes in the apartment in the interest of saving precious living space. Statistics show (Fig.3 ) an almost exponential increase in bike-sharing programs from countries all over the world between years ‘00 - ’14 and I believe this trend will not be short lived. The underneath of the building is perfect for both an EV and bike-sharing station systems (Fig.2) as this space is not utilised very well at present.
Fig.15
Façade Penetration Passive Ventilation: It is known that tall buildings increase the effectivness of natural ventilation, because wind speeds are faster at greater heights and there is also very little buffering the building such as trees or other buildings (Autodesk, 2014). Free energy can be used from the sun and wind to effectively cross ventilate a building.
Entire facade is IGU for maximum solar gains. Stack Ventilation and Bernoulli Principle can both be applied to the apartment configuration and have be used to inform my design decisions for my client (Autodesk, 2014). Vents would be placed high and low levels with-in the main living area and at a low level upstairs in the childrens bedrooms. Sunlight and external wind forces acting on the building will be sufficient to draw enough fresh air through the apartment to keep my clients very happy.
Mashrabiya styled grills, to assist passive ventilation Fig.19a & b
Western-facing facade
Eastern-facing facade
Fig.16
ris air rm
penetrating sunlight
wa
direction of air flow due to the sun’s radiant heat creating convection currents causing high and low air pressures that pull air upwards
Section
Passive vents built into IGU
ing
My clients apartment is located in an exposed environment and is configured in a stacked modular multi-story arrangement the space only needs a few vents distributed strategically round the apartment in order to combat condensation and allow sufficiant fresh-air to enter the building (WANZ, 2010). Passive ventilation in many cases is built into the glazing units (Fig.18). The vents can easily be opened and closed according to the clients needs in provailing weather conditions. Below (Fig.17) shows how it is possible to create a vertical air pathway in the living room and a horizontal air pathway across the top floor, both would make use of the same exit vent.
Fig.18 Fig.17
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Energy Optimisation >> Light coloured flooring - help lighten the apartment. >> Dark coloured Thermal Mass - passive space heating. PASSIVE ENERGY SOLUTIONS:
>> SageGlass - Controlling solar gains & trapping collected heat.
Thermal Mass (tiles, concrete, terracotta etc) is an important element to achieving passive solar energy gains. The Mass would function well to collect and store radiant energy from the sun if it is dark in colour. The material would have to be made available in order to work i.e positioned inside a well insulated building by the doorways and windows where sunlight penetrates the glazing. This Mass would then passively contribute to space heating while reducing the energy required to heat the apartment. Fig.21a & b below show how I have introduced this sustainable principle for my client.
Black tiles over a concrete floor and balustrade will act as an efficient Thermal Mass providing a sustainable form of space heating.
Fig.21a
To further assist lighting and maximise solar gains onto the Master bedroom Thermal Mass, Sun light can be directed upwards by using a Light Shelf (Fig.22). This Thermal Mass would be a concrete slab covered with black tiles, further increase the efficiency of the apartment and providing...
...my clients with a second passive space heating mass doubled as a balustrade. See Fig.21b. ‘Significant energy and comfort benefits can be achieved by using more energy efficient windows’ (Donn & Thomas, 2001, p.17). Another effective passive solar design principle is Insulated Glass Units. SageGlass produces IGUs that have the unique ability to be electronically tinted, this break-through technology is called Electrochromics (SageGlass, 2014) which turns the glass from clear to 90% tinted (Fig.23a & b). I am recommending this product be installed throughout my clients apartment because of the IGUs effective tint-able function that eliminates the need for louvers, awnings and other additional add-on features to the façade. ‘These add-ons result in a high carbon footprint when accounting for all the materials, transportation and operational energy they consume – a particularly big concern when [my clients] are striving for sustainable construction [and life-style]’ (SageGlass, 2014) The SageGlass provides controlled light penetration enabling my clients to make fine adjustments to lighting and solar gains with in the apartment for optimal comfort. This glazing would also help in protecting the interior furniture, floors and clients from damaging UV that would be otherwise unmanageable when standard glazing is fitted without the use of curtains, awnings and louvers. The existing wooden floors of the building will heat up and cool down quicker than a higher density thermal mass floors such as polished concrete or tiles. I believe the flooring will work effectively in conjunction with the IGU SageGlass.
IGUs can be installed for Childrens bedrooms on the Eastern side of the building and living room on the western side. IGUs in this case would make a significant improvement to the a buildings thermal efficiency by reducing conductive energy loss through standard glazing by up to 41% according to personal Building Science ALF results. IGUs would be necessary to keep the family warm in the winter months when making use of any solar gain becomes most important. Installed IGUs would reduce the amount of energy needed to maintain a comfortable interior temperature and in-turn save the clients money on their monthly electrical bills followed overall by reduced carbon emissions.
windows ‘on’ Fig.23a & b windows ‘off’
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Highly polished aluminium Fig.21b
= reflective surface.
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Material Selection ACTIVE ENERGY SOLUTIONS Selecting Impact Resistant Solar Panels (Fig.25) to cover the entire roof would greatly enhance the self-sustaining ability of the building. The clients have not asked for this technology to be installed but in order to keep my clients mobile in the future this form of electrical generation seems like the best alternative but would only be viable and effective by scale of economy. That would mean fitting this technology over the entire building to, the benefits are passed down to my client including all the residents of Unite d’Habiation; lowering their dependence on fossil fuels and providing them with sustainable solutions that enhance their future.
Fig.25
DIRECT & LOCAL URBAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS A composting system for the entire building would be an eco-friendly approach to assisting my clients wife, Sally, in her urban agriculture efforts. I have proposed she utilise un-used roof space (Fig.27) of the building to produce and sell vegetables. My simple design proposal consists of raised garden beds covered over by an elongated geodesic dome acting as a glass house (Fig.26). Residents that contribute compost / organic waste to her worm farms will be rewarded with discounted vegetables. This combats the need for my clients and neighbouring residents to travel and purchase foods from Super Markets where foods have already travelled many 100s of kms.
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Fig.27
ROOF PLAN
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Bibliography Autodesk. (2014). Building Massing. Retrieved from http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/building-massin g (02.05.2014) Autodesk. (2014). Stack ventilation and Bernoulli's principle. Retrieved from http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/stackventilation-and-bernoullis-principle (01.05.2014) Donn, M., & Thomas, G. (2001). Designing comfortable homes: guidelines on the use of glass, mass and insulation for energy efficiency (p. 17). Wellington, N.Z.: Cement and Concrete Association of New Zealand. Energy-wise Renewables. (2000). Passive Solar Design for New Zealand Homes. EECA SageGlass. (2014). How Dynamic Glass Works. Retrieved from http://sageglass.com/technology/how-it-works/
Fig.1- - Google Maps, (2010). Hotél Le Corbusier, Michelet 13008 Marseille, France. (Street Map) https://www.google.co.nz/maps/@43.260871,5.3970117,18z?hl=en (01.06.14) Fig.2 - - Google Maps, (2010). Hotél Le Corbusier, Michelet 13008 Marseille, France. (Street Map) https://www.google.co.nz/maps/@43.260871,5.3970117,18z?hl=en (01.06.14) Fig.3 - - Family Sihlouette. http://theballoonman.deviantart.com/art/FamilySilhouettes-129903225 (31.05.14) Fig.4 - - Google Maps, (2010). Hotél Le Corbusier, Michelet 13008 Marseille, France. (Street Map) https://www.google.co.nz/maps/@43.260871,5.3970117,18z?hl=en (01.06.14) Fig.5 - - Google Maps, (2010). Hotél Le Corbusier, Michelet 13008 Marseille, France. (Street Map) https://www.google.co.nz/maps/@43.260871,5.3970117,18z?hl=en (01.06.14) Fig.6- - Google Maps, (2010). Hotél Le Corbusier, Michelet 13008 Marseille, France. (Street Map) https://www.google.co.nz/maps/@43.260871,5.3970117,18z?hl=en (29.05.14) Fig.7- - Google Maps, (2010). Hotél Le Corbusier, Michelet 13008 Marseille, France. (Street Map) https://www.google.co.nz/maps/@43.260871,5.3970117,18z?hl=en (29.05.14) Fig.8 - - http://www.earth-policy.org/plan_b_updates/2013/update112 (28.05.14) Fig.9 - - http://assets.inhabitat.com/wpcontent/blogs.dir/1/files/2011/08/iGo-eBike-Sharing-Concept-Charges-Your-Smartphon e-31-537x357.jpg (27.05.14) Fig.10 - - http://www.commutercars.com/ (20.05.14) Fig.11 - - http://www.commutercars.com/ (20.05.14) Fig.12 - - http://www.commutercars.com/ (20.05.14) Fig.14 - - http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1083673_from-gas-stationto-electric-car-charging-is-encinitas-leading-the-nation Fig.15 - - http://www.flickriver.com/photos/french-disko/3795228151/ (29.05.14) Fig.16 - - http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/stackventilation-and-bernoullis-principle (18.05.2014) Fig.17 - - Authors own work Fig.18 - - http://www.wanz.co.nz/hardware-ventilation (24.05.14) Fig.19a & b - - Authors own work Fig.20 - - Authors own work Fig.21a & b - - Authors own work Fig.22 - - http://www.arcadiainc.com/products/system/sun-control-lightshelf/reflector-solar-series (24.05.14) Fig.23a & b - - http://sageglass.com/ (27.05.14) Fig.24http://archrecord.construction.com/products/ProductFocus/2013/1305-Sage-Gla ss-slideshow.asp?slide=3 (29.05.14) Fig.25 - - http://www.wired.com/2014/05/solar-road/ (12.05.14) Fig.26 - - Authors own work Fig.27 - - http://arttattler.com/archiveoferwolberger.html (28.05.14) Fig.28 - - Jenkins, D. (1993) Unite d’Habitation: Marseille 1945-52 Le Corbusier: (Architecture in Detail). Phaidon Press Ltd.