Air journal final jintao wang(kelly) 565322 1 by kelly

Studio Air Journal

jintao wang(kelly) 565322 semester 1 2014

INTRODUCTION

CONTENT

Part A Conceptulization Part B Criteria Design Part C Design Details

I, Im jintao wang (kelly), a third year architecture major student at the university of Melbourne. My interests apart from architecture are widely ranged to things like photography, travelling, and dancing. For me architecture formulates space with different concepts, shadows, shapes etc. Also, architecture turns to have more possibilities with the assistance of computation technologies. In this case, while more designing outcomes emerged, the concern of sustainability raised, as when we are creating or designing buildings, not only we made impact on nature, meanwhile, nature provides us with inspiration or rethinking of designing Throughout my studies for architecture, I found that architecture requires multiple fields of knowledge such as the basic historical knowledge (from renaissance to modern around Asia pacific area), drawing skills, digital design theory, software acknowledge, model making and studio work. Studio air enables me to experience with digital model making, enlarging my algorithmic thinking with the skills of using Rhino 3D and grasshopper. This semester I hope to discover more about designing throughout the study with the parametric designing approaches and algorithmic thinking.

PREVIOUS STUDIO EARTH EXPEIRENCE

Part A Conceptualization

Beijing National Aquatics Center

A1 Design Futuring In the contemporary society, architecture is not only considered as an object that provides human being with living environments, but also regarded as a designing approach to achieve the future sustainability. Architecture is as an additional source, or an artificial world to reach our needs while nature itself no longer has ability to obtain us. As the innumerous amount of us human being’s activities toward the ecosystem and nature is increasing, defuturing conditions of unsustainability is accelerating. We are suffering from the consequences created by ourselves, as mentioned by Tony Fry, “ the guiding forces of status quo continue to sacrifice the future to sustain the excesses of the present” (Fry Tony 2008) Therefore, architecture will be demonstrated as a designing practice to enable new ideas such as rethinking designing methods, using of renewable materials, creation of technologies, climate change concerns etc to achieve sustainability. The following precedents will demonstrate how architecture plays a role as a design practice to achieve the balance between the environment and architecture itself, as well as the contributes with new disciplines practice.

1 interior design of the cubic water.

As the concern of the design futuring is rising, designing is not only focusing on the form, but also it’s environmentally friendly and innovation. The designing discourse provides comparative relation of thinking and delivering changes, as well as to explore nature itself with the raw materials and characters. The Beijing national aquatics center also known as water cube is an architectural symbolization of Beijing Olympic game 2008, which is designed by architects PTW Architects, CSCEC, CCDI, and Arup. The water cube reshaped people’s way of thinking designing, As mentioned by tony Fry that design should also be focused on natural material of objects. The national aquatics center used character of water itself, which is water molecules, as a designing clue. Water as an element from nature and enable us human beings or whoever visits the national aquatics center to get inspired and gain entertainment from it.

“ Design, in the first instance, has to be understood anthropologically.

it names our ability to prefigure what we create before the act of creation, and as such, it defines one of the fundamental characteristics that make us human” (Fry Tony 2008)

As a new concept of designing, the water cube is designed as cell pattern, steel frame cladding with foam, hydrone geometry to provide visitor with the unique spatial virtual experience and the touching with nature itself. The new technology is also one of the essential factors to achieve future sustainability from designing, which can be observed from the use of The ETFE, a light new material that has the capacity of letting lights go through and thermal mass function.

9 2 water cube lights effection ://www.simcity.cn

3 moreaedesign.files.wordpress.com. 3D effect

The relationship between creation and destruction is a concern while designing in architecture, however, when the materials is renewable, which means the whole designing process is sustainment, it affects less damage on the environments. Therefore, the water cube decreases producing of carbon dioxide by reducing the usages of electricity. To achieve this, designers used solar panel plus renewable materials. Moreover, the most water usages are collected from the roof and will be recycled to reduce the amount of sewage produced from the building. The whole designing of the water cube reflects its initial concept of green, environmental friendly and high technology concepts. It puts into use of new materials with new technologies, and unique innovation deisgns. Also ,it reshapes world’s design with the focusing on nature element, even from the nature pattern like the bubbles in soap lather. The design considered future impact including the climate change, energy resource that incorporates the concept of the balancing the relationship between destructive and sustain.

11 6

Beijing National stadium Beijing national stadium also known as bird’s nest is another precedent to be discussed in relation to the topic of designing futuring. It is also an architecture building for Beijing 2008 Olympic games by several architects and architecture firms. It is also designed according to environmental friendly concept and innovation concept. The Beijing national stadium compromised with complex steel framing structure similar to nature form bird’s nest. It consists of two independent structure, a concrete bowl and steel frame at the outer part. The Beijing national stadium also used natural resource such as the recollection of rainwater, reusing of renewable energy, using of solar panel, nature ventilation and lights. It used new technologies to save electricity energy rather than costing too much unreneable energy. The main concept of the design is to reflect the sustainable development, which reaches the design theory from the reading that the technologies and materiality will achieve sustainable to the future environments. As the initial purpose of this designing is for the usage of Olympic games, it also considers the future usages such as events, entertainment spac etc. Therefore, this projects reflects the designing futuring concept of considering not only the contemporary affect , but also the future function.

The two designs both provide visitor with unique virtual experience and reshaped people’s ideas of designing. Design can be derived from raw materials, nature, or a simple element. Both buildings address the concern of future possibilities, sustainability, climate, and environmental friendly concept.

A2 Design computation Computational architecture is an outcome through the designing process to digital designing. It enables designers to work with more complex pattern or algorithm outcomes. Computer allows designers to bring their complicated creative ideas to reality. Thus computation has become essential for architectural designs, such as the grasshopper and rhino. Without them, it would take much longer time to accomplish a simple task. However, According to this week’s reading, though computer helps designers with digital information, the communication between computation and designers still has potential difficulties, which address the differences between computational and computerization. Design computation is still seen as a tool while computerization is more likely to be as the concept is already emerged by the designer then stored on a computer system. However, the work with computation is still limited as the certain data, form and algorithm is limited, unless it is entered with certain code or orders. In architecture parametric design, computation still plays an important role to assist designer with more accurate assumption. The mathematical background of the computation enables designers to be much clearer with geometric design. The complexes design is able to be visual clearly with data. In this way, “computational thinking is the thought processes involved in formulating problems and their solutions so that the solutions are represented in a form that can be effectively carried out by an information-processing agent” (Jan Cuny Larry Snyder 2010) The following two precedents will demonstrate more with this concept.

Walt Disney concert hall construction Frank Gehry

8 initial sketch of walt disney concert hall

The Walt Disney concert hall is located in Los Angeles designed by architect Frank Gehry. The structure of the concert hall seems to be bending, unregularly forms compromise as one building with curved lines. From the stainless steel curves of the striking exterior to the hardwood-paneled main auditorium, it seems hardly done without the assistance of computational techniques. According to the hand sketch by frank gehry, as observed, the sketch only demonstrates the briefly outline of the form with several lines, the complexity of the geometry skeleton and its unregularly pattern is hardly communicated among designers from only 2D drawing or hand drafts. Therefore, the computation achieved to allow the architects to test out different forms of outcome, evaluating the performances of the design. The sketch, the shape, angle, grid and geometric form are not decided, with the work of computation, structure will be clear and will increase the flexibility of the design.

9 walt disney concert hall front view /rockyontheroad.files.wordpress.com

“computers, by their nature, are superb analytical engines. if correctly programmed, they can follow a line of reasonging to its logical conclusion” (Kayla Yehuda 2004)

The Barcelona fish frank gehry Frank Gehry

From the initial design with a simple sketch and model making, Gehry’s design usually expand to more possibilities with parametric thinking. to a complex computational work for the purpose of visual impact and the innovation of the building. This is another project from frank Gehry that address the idea of design computation and how it can work with unique forms and shapes. The giant goldfish has become the symbol at the local area and brings visitors with virtual experience. The sculpture was made from intertwining gilded stainless steel strips supported by metal structure; the central part can reflect the sunlights throughout scales. This scale is unable to be done without the assistance of computation. The golden fish sculpture has now became a canopy for the commercial environment. therefore the computational design has achieved goal to make unique object, and transfer the simplicity dragt to a complex form work. “evaluation is a rational process, however, not all performance criteria can be evaluated rationally: aesthetics, human behaviours, and the overall “feel” of a building are qualitative aspects that have defied attempts at rational measurement and assessment” (Kayla Yehuda 2004)

A3 Composition/generation

13 The Barcelona fish frank gehry side view, /www.bustler.net/

computation is now considered as the practice of architecture, more architectures are now using computations as a tool to extend their visual drafting, with its experience of materials, tectonics and ornamentation etc. however, algorithmic in computation system is finite. therefore, designers still need to explore more on computation stimulations to generate complex form to order to achieve the transformation from simple draft to complex form outcome, which is know as algorithm. the following two precedents will be discussed with the contemporary computational design techniques.

21 inital sketch www.arcspace.

Burnham Pavilion zaha hadid

The burnham pavilion by zaha hadid is a result using parametric modeling to design its twisting form that provides a shelter function with large space inside the pavilion. Each element shaped and welded for the intetntion of creating the nique fluid and twisting form. And the fabric is cladding on the metal frame in order to create the curvilinear shape. The spatial structure with hidden traces are described in the pavilion. As the form is unique and innovated, designers can hardly create this form without the assistance from computational design, it elaborates the relationship between rigid geometry with the space and scale. Also it shows the idea of algorithmic thinking with composition concept. Initially the designing is inspired from the burnhan’s bold and historical urban planning to the purpose of rememberance the 100th anniversary of plan of chicago. The pavilion is a fabric shell fitted over a curving aluminium framework (around 7000) pieces. the design challenged architectures with massive amount of punds. the project was failed on delivering once to an architecture company due to the exceed amount of expected time, was later handed to tenfab design, therefore, the fabric was then being formed around the aluminum shell . the reason of how it can be managed done is due to the assistance from computation. the computational work enables to taste out materials with algorithm, how the materials can work with each other. “ the term computation means the use of computer to process information through an understood model which can be expressed as an algorithm”( Peter Brady 2013) with the assistance of computation, Zaha’s design catched visitors attetion and trigger their curiosity of public life experience within the pavilion, which achieved the idea of the designer’s public discourse. The unique, innovation form of overlaying and complexity expand beyond the traditional boundaris. at this point, like what Tony Fry demonstrated in the reading, “forget design as a territory”(Tony Fry 2008). tehrefore, the generative approach applied on computation managed to make designer’s designing language, discourse to be spoken up. As zaha’s Pavilion expand from formal discipline to an extended design , overlapping of a spatial structure with hidden trace, it shows how computation, as a separate component, generate and explore on spatial design with the abstract and complex design concept from architecs. 20

The serpentine gallery is designed by architect toyo ito in 2002, located in Kensington gardon, London Uk. it is appeared to be an extremely complex unregular pattern that derived from algorithm. As the lines intersect in a point, creating different triangles and trapezoids making the transparency an infinity repeated motion, where the colomns are standing at different angles thus working parametrically.

Serpentine gallery pavilion toyo ito

The exterior of solid and void combination can be seen in a geometric algorithm ways. The shapes formed within module, or the making box fold, down sides. the foundamental of the algorithm is a rectangular plan. as shown from the figure at the right side, the pattern is determined by drawing of lines toward different angles. by repeating this process, the complex network of crossing lines will be formed. As the inital idea of the designing is based on a square, it seems impossible to be accomplished without the algorithm thinking. the straight line can be extended infinitely and the pavilion itself as an aluminium strucutre can also be regard as a spreading ifinitely. the parametric tool is limited as it is based on certain designing, data, order, geometric form, which needed to be input in order to generate the parametric form. at this point, the creation of model, certainly needs related order to generate the form, as the computational design is assisting designers with algorithm geometric thinking. Toyo Ito’s pavilion provides visitors with uniqe virtual experience. the whole structure seems to be infinite, and it allows people to gain different site experience from both the outside and inside of the pavillion. this is an outcome from algroithmic geometric form work. it demonstrates the advantages of computation which is transferring complexity to simplicity.

A6 Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches

AA4 conclusion Part A has told me to design architecture, considering future impact is essential. Though there is argument such as the relationship between damage and creation, however, the use of materials, using more environmentally friendly methods while creating architecture can achieve the future sustainability. Also, With the concept of computational design and computerization, I learnt to design with computation, to enalbe my initial draft to haave more outcomes, to shift from a simple sketch to a complex digital model, providing us with new ways of thinking and creating. Combining those designing practices, I will explore more on computational thinking to generate forms as well as computerization with the consideration of sustainability. i found out that algorthmic thinking is quite influential and it transfer complexity to simplicity , examples such as the works from frank Gehry inspired me more with this kind of deisgn.

A5 Learning outcome During these 4 weeks of studio air study and based on the weekly readings, I have learnt that the designing approach should not only be focused on the current environment, but also the future impact. New technologies and consideration of climate, materiality is all-positive toward the future sustainability. Moreover, the computational design and parametric thinking are now the main architecture design trend. I have never equipped with these kind of knowledge with grasshopper. Now with knowing more about it, more designing possibilities seem to be occurring and I think that’s the interesting part about this software. Also, based on the readings, I understand that computational design is a tool to help designers with more complex designing possibilities such as form, shape, geometric, mathematics and etc. while computerization is based on an idea from a designer, then mapping, drawing on computers. Both of the approaches are interesting to work with. what makes me more interewting about it is that in which way can more data be transferred to the computation to assist designers, as nowadays it is still finite for computational design.

experiencing rhino 3D with grasshopper provides me with lots of possibilities on designing. it gives me algorithmic thinking on parametric designing, such as the surface pattern, space, panels and etc.

I am looking forward to learning more about parametric modeling design with grasshopper to expand my knowledge on designing.

reference

pictures

Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), Ferry, Robert & Elizabeth Monoian, ‘Design Guidelines’, Land Art Generator Initiative, Copenhagen, 2014. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), Issa, Rajaa ‘Essential Mathematics for Computational Design’, Second Edition, Robert McNeel and associates, Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), Jan Cuny Larry Snyder and Jeanette M.Wing “demystifying computational thinking for non-computer scientists” work in progress 2010

figure 1 https://www.google.com.au/search?q=Beijing+National+Aquatics+Center&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=plk1U7mOJo7HlAX5xICgBQ&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1920&bih=1070#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=KN6omc6nLmRhhM%253A%3BRzxOq_4clhNgmM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.timetotrip. com%252Fholiday_images%252Foriginal_images%252F18-image-5.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.timetotrip.com%252Fholiday_details_view.php%253Fholiday_id%253D18%3B600%3B400 BEIJING CUBE WATER figure 2 http://www.simcity.cn/attachments/month_1304/20130423_5e5824947e932cfbe462ZYZctjpe8hAT.jpg figure 3 http://moreaedesign.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/firstrung.jpg figure 4 http://architecture.mapolismagazin.com/sites/default/files/null/national-aquatics-center-beijing-6.jpg figure 5 http://www.oneinchpunch.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/watercube.jpg figure 6 http://libertecture.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/how-to-do-the-algorithmicboogie.jpg figure 7 http://www.csihellas.gr/images/stories/image/erga%20eksoterik/beijing%20 stadium%20BIG%20SITE.JPG figure 8 http://www.laphil.com/wdch10/image/95/ figure 9 http://rockyontheroad.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/img_0232.jpg figure10 http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_aFeR5OQB5c8/TLA_n-51pFI/AAAAAAAAAfU/wpWnNwnAwZg/ s1600/Walt_Disney_Concert_Hall_Section2.jpg figure 11 http://static4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20121222235941/disney/images/c/c2/ Disney_Concert_Hall_-_Under_Const_01_-_2001-05.jpg figure 12 http://farm7.staticflickr.com/6127/5982345786_3c5dba9058_o.jpg figure 13 http://gallery.photo.net/photo/7241825-lg.jpg figure 14 http://www.bustler.net/images/gallery/zaha_hadid_burnham_pavilion_18.jpg figure 15 http://abduzeedo.com/files/originals/z/zaha_hadid_burnham_pavilion_11.jpg figure 16 http://www.formakers.eu/media/3.42.1327073926.th65d1300db123ce22f6e2569fb36764f81498burnhphot03jpg.jpg figure 17 http://ad010cdnd.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/51423dcfb3fc4b43eb00005a_serpentine-gallery-pavilion-2002-toyo-ito-cecil-balmondarup_11-iii1.jpg figure 18 http://balmondstudio.com/pavilions_images/serp2002_2.jpg figure 19 http://www.lynnbecker.com/repeat/balmonds/serpentinesketch.jpg figure 20 http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_M7EkpsgY6rc/S2WmpXpJDAI/AAAAAAAAAiY/emzEZW6jBww/ s1600-h/toyoito1.JPG http://www.arcspace.com/CropUp/-/media/39532/2digital_project.jpg 21

Part B Criteria Design

Architecture is the learned game, correct and magnificent, of forms assembled in the light. Le Corbusier

B.1. Research Field

strips and folding

Through our observation of all computation design, our group aim to create an object which is eye catching, exciting, unique and creative. Also to have interactions with the visitors, therefore encouraging visitors to participate within our designing to increase their awareness of green renewable energy transition. In order to achieve this, we wish to explore more with the lines, forms and surface to create an innovation object to provide visitors with meaningful experience. We want to create a sense of movement by combining strips together as a unique form, Our group chose strips and folding as our designing starting point, because we think this approach has various of chances for us to explore and to realize our designing purpose. Strip and folding is interesting because it lets us to create a set of complex folding to form a unique shape and to create a sense of movement. There are lots of possible outcomes by repeating strips or folding. In our designing purpose, we want to create the awareness of sustainable energy, which is the key designing concept of our designing, to transfer natural energy to electricity. We are thinking in what ways can our designing achieve it by exploring more with our grasshopper skills and research precedents. Here comes the outcome.

perspective view of final design

B.1 Research Field

B1.4

B1.5

B1.6

The ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010

Strips and folding is able to let each element interact with each other, enhancing the complexity within its unique shape and form. The project ICD/ITKE Research pavilion is categorised into strip and folding ,which is a temporary research pavilion designed by the institute for computational design and the institute of building structure and structural design in 2010. The interesting fact about this pavilion is that it used material oriented computational design, simulating in architecture production process. The material of this bending-active structure is a very thin elastic-bent plywood strip. The pavilion is a beautiful structure as during the day time, natural sun lights can go through it while at night time, lights can be effected inside the pavilion to create another unique interesting experience to attract visitors. The structure also made full use of the features of the materials itself, by bending each strips to achieve equilibrium of locally stored energy.

B.1 Research Field The ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010

At the same time, this project demonstrates the using of strips and folding as a d each elements and it also create multiple different sections in the designing. It allow interact with outside environments. Especially during the nighttime, emphasizing th whole structure, strips and folding creates a sense of possibility to let the outside e created by the structure is also an interesting effect. It incorporates with the design notable shadows have an interesting effect with the light direction.

B1.7

design method when analyzing lighting and shade. As strips allows space between ws lights from outside of the pavilion to go through also it enables inside light to he gaps between each strip creates an interesting effect. Rather than enclosing the environment interact with the inside of the project. During the daytime, the shade n of the structure’s form, shape and gap, also, the strip raised above the ground cast

B.1 Research Field Wind shape

B1.8

Wind shape was an ephemeral structure commissioned by the savannah college of art &design located in lactose, France in 2006. The project is conceived as a two 8 meters high pavilion, which can dynamically change according to the wind. It is a vine like structure network consists of plastic pie joined together and stretched apart by aluminum collars. White polypropylene string was threaded through the lattice to create swaying enclosure. 40

B1.9

B1.10

What we think interesting about this project is not only its designing concept, but also the structure system of it. It shows the advantages and opportunities of strip and folding, the whole structure that can response to the natural stimulation, rather than an object standing there without the interaction with its surrounding context. This project also emphasis our designing idea of connecting visitors or inhabitants with the environment, exploring its possible strength. The strips, which can response with the wind is made up of polypropylene. At this stage, we think this material can possibly be used in our designing project. However, we still need to explore more with algorithmic skills to form the outcome of our design. 41

B.1 Research Field

Wind farm

B1.11

The new idea of this wind farm is called windstalks, the material is carbon fiber reinforced resin poles, a material that can sway as well according to the wind power. At the top of each ples are LED lights, showing the force of the wind by how bright it becomes. It remains dark if there isn’t any wind.

B1.12

Each stalk is equipped with piezoelectric ceramic discs, a material that can emit electrons when stressed. As the stalk sway and bend, the discs are compressed , therefore to emit electrodes down to the base, the base which has a generator will take the current and turn it into electricity.

B.1 Research Field

B1.13

B1.14

The power created by the ples is the same as the power created by same sized wind turbine array due to stalks are packed more densely in the same place. Therefore they will create the same amount of energy as turbine. This project uses single strips as design approach, equipped with spatial material to achieve the transaction between wind and electricity. As an inspiration for our own design.

B.2. Case study1.0

B.2 case study 1.0

B2.1

Biothing is a design project resulting in the use of parametric algorithmic design skills. it is an organic and dynamic design that demonstrates the regular mathematical harmony of vectors.

B2.2

The curved strips define shapes and spaces with its interactions with inside and outside space. based on this interest, our group explored more with its grasshopper definitions.

B.2 case study 1.0 technique 1

technique 2

technique 3

technique 4

technique 5

Isometric view

different line length

spine force

change of Decay

point attraction

line attraction

combination forces of above

B.2 case study 1.0

Initially our change on the case study 1 definitiion is only limited on the numbers of line more on the points, different curves, patterning pints grids to make it more interesting. to find our design concept.

The outcome have been showing in these two pages in perspective and top view. it is observed that how the techniques of those strips can be put into future definition to cre

Matrix analysis

es, and the outcome doesnt look too different from the original shape. we then focused we also tried pushing away all curves, adding spin force to see the outcome there for

interesting to see how the view can be different from different visually angle. it can be eate spaces.

B.2 case study 1.0

Top view

B2.4

B.2 case study 1.0

B2.5

B2.7

We selected four interesting forms that emerged from our case study 1 exploration. it inspired us with its forms and different angles of strips. it is interesting to see how those strips divide spaces, therefore it inspired us that by having sries of objects like that, different strips that make different spatial experience might be an interesting design element. 54

B2.6

B2.8

Initially we think those strips can be combined as shelter , those strips that stand above the ground will create s spatial experience and enable outside environments interact with inside visitors. because we also want to create a playfully interact project with its environment, rather than standing against it . 55

B.3. Case study 2.0

B.3 case study 2.0

B3.1

The archipelago pavilion is designed and built in collaboration between chalmers university of technology and rohsska museum of design in copenhagen. it is a structure made up of 2mm thick laser-cut steel sheets , 133 pieces were joint together with a total of 3640 bolts holding it together. the pavilion provides shaded inside space and outside space. what is interesting about this project is that the intricate web of spaces looks similar to clusters of small islands in an archipelago and the top part of the structure resembles tree shape.The key point of this pavilion is its use of pieces to combine as one structure with inside and outside interaction. From our intially design, our group didnt realize the crutial points of this design which is the combination of all 2D printable pieces folding together to createa a special visual and spatial experience. the perforation on the roof spreads out a certain pattern is an interesting element that inspire our design, we were thinking how to make use of the perforation and put the use of combination of strips into our design. Therefore, by starting reverse-engineering, to transfer the design into grasshopper give us more details and opportunities know more about this pavilion. 57

B.3 case study 2.0

Step 1: Step 2 Step 3 Use Voronoi to create Use area and scale to Use Mirror function curves offset the curves and extrude them to enable loft function be applied

Step 4 Use Surface r tion function

relaxa-

B3.2

Step 5 Apply Mesh the edge to Find points

Step6 Connects all points to get fabrication

Step7 Perforate patterns on surface

B.3 case study 2.0

B3.3

What we found the hardest part of the reverse engineering part is how to combine each pieces together, this is also the point intially our group made mistake from to develop our further design.

B.4. Technique Development

B.4 technique development (failed test)

B3.4

The first 50 outcomes we got by changing the grasshopper definitions is more likely the change of lines and cells. we spend large amount of time on this in order to create decide a final design approach. we found out that strips are interesting element that enable to create space by bending or folding it. initially we selected two outcomes to combine with our study of transferring wind power to electricity ( we are thinking to equip each strip with the material we found in the precedent to achieve the process of , wind-stress-electricity. we think the series of those individual objects are interesting to be put at the site to reflect the landscape and to create the fun spatial experience. each object consists of strips that can be played by visitors, bending through wind stress.

B.4 technique development

Pespective1

Top 1

Top 2

Pespective2

Different Geometric Pattern 67

B.4 technique development

Pespective1

Top 1

Top 2

Pespective2

Subdivide Surface 69

B.4 technique development

Pespective1

Top 1

Top 2

Pespective2

Patterning Forms 71

B.4 technique development

Pespective1

Top 1

Top 2

Pespective2

Scale Factor and Woven Surface 73

B.4 technique development

Pespective1

Top 1

Top 2

Pespective2

Open Roofed and Hybrid Combinanation 75

B.4 technique development

Selection criteria: Dynamic Form with unique outlook, attracting visitors to enable interactions from both internal and external spaces. The Pavilion enables renewable materials to be built 76

B.5. Technique Prototypes

B.5 technique prototypes (failed test)

We tested several different materials such as plastic ple, pipe, paper and foam. the first picture show our try of building the single object. and the bottome shows the fabric cotton we thought about to cladding on each strip to increase the bending force. The final outcome of our design. we then realized we made a big mistake on our design because we totally break away with what concept we got from reverse-engineering. we only picked a form we found out interesting from the 50 matrix we emerged from the archipelago pavilion without emphasising its original design features

We created a single broke object that did not demonstrate the concept of “archipelago”, the combination of strips as a form. therefore, we decided to recreate our 50 matrix. we finalized again our design concept, in order to make improvement on the original form and based on the feed back from presentation, we should create more neighbor structure that connects with each other through strips, therfore, by its bending force , naturally to shape the form, making full use of the features of archipelago pavilion.

B.5 technique prototypes (failed test)

Due to the complexity structure and outlook, also the fail of trying to use 3D printer to prin strip and think threads, also there is no fixed support inside the structure ( we decided to

nt the model out, for the reason of too many hollow choose another outcome wichi is more simple

B.5 technique prototypes

By looking at our outcome in 3D printed, enabling us to know how our design will be that reflect the top pattern of our design. as we wish to develop our design with each ho bending strip and fabric cotton. looking at these prototypes in 3D, it is easier for us to judge view all perspectives of ou

potentially look like in real life. essentially, it helps us to visualise light and shadows ollow thread connected to each other to shape the form, materials will be preferred as

ur design.

B.5 technique prototypes

B.6. Technique Proposal

B.6 technique proposal

Our design outcome seems to be an interesting structure that enables outside environment to interact with inside context. For example, the interaction can be occurring from the sun light, the hollow at the top. From the study of case2.0 and our previous mistake, we realized that the structure we need is a combination of strips, resulting in a natural and unique form. Consider of materiality, we need strips that can be bended from stress, therefore, to create shape from combining to its neighbor strips. Fabric cotton which can be stretched from tensile force will be cladding on each strips. Therefore, the shape is formed by its own bending force. Our design outcome seems to be an interesting structure that enables outside environment to interact with inside context. For example, the interaction can be occurring from the sun light, the hollow at the top. From the study of case2.0 and our previous mistake, we realized that the structure we need is a combination of strips, resulting in a natural and unique form. Consider of materiality, we need strips that can be bended from stress, therefore, to create shape from combining to its neighbor strips. Fabric cotton which can be stretched from tensile force will be cladding on each strips. Therefore, the shape is formed by its own bending force. Through our research and the previous precedents in this part b.1, carbon fiber reinforced resin poles can be the potential material and normal fabric cotton can cladding on it.

B.7. Learning objects and outcome

B.7 Learning objects and outcome

Through this part study, I am more confident with algorithmic skills and parametric design. Our group has distributed almost our entire spare time on case study 1 and 2, however, through the middle semester presentation, we still made mistake on our design and it was quite frustrating to realize our mistake after presentation. We realized that the study of 1.0 and 2.0 is to help us to be familiar to grasshopper skill, parametric thinking, also, to provide us with design inspirations from its outcomes. Our initial case study 1.0 outcome was totally unsuccessful because we only changed the vector of line numbers and orientations. We didn’t take full considerations of curve, points, shape and space. This is also essential to our design approach. By changing the case study 1.0 several times, we finally created series forms that all our group members are interested in. Through this process, I realized that the material field we choose, which is strip and folding, is actually various beyond what we have imagined it could be. Each single strip can create unique shape and form, therefore to create lights and shades effect. Simultaneously, the case study 2.0 is a further study that we can combine with case study 1.0 to explore more with the parametrically design and thinking. Our group made mistake due to the separate design concept from case study 2.0, we didn’t realize the key design feature of the archipelago pavilion, and therefore, the first outcome we had is quite separate from our computational design and has less conceptual support. So we changed our design, focusing on the idea of “archipelago”, creating shapes that formed from its own bending force from each string. I think our group’s design so far, has lots of possibilities for us to put more green transaction concept, we still need to work more on it. Also, the top hollow parts are very interesting, as it can be a space to collect natural resource, reflecting sun lights and reacting to it. We still need to research more on how and why the structure will work in a specific way. For me, from the study of studio air so far through this semester has encouraged to learn more on grasshopper skills and parametric design methods. Also, it has taught me more beyond these two aspects such as the arrangement on the layout of presentation, how to search data productively and how to edit image. This subject makes me understand that each process we are doing, no matter it is through computation design or sketches , it should always relates to our design concept. Each step we took further should also result from each other. I have confidence in our group’s design and will definitely work harder on it through part c study.

B.8. Appendix Algorithmic Sketches

B.8 Appendix Algorithmic Explorations through algorithmic skills on inflatable pavilion.

B 8.1

B 8.2

reference http://green.blorge.com/2010/10/atelier-dna-designs-a-different-type-of-wind-farm/ http://www.archdaily.com/4608/windshape-narchitects/ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Climate_chart_of_Copenhagen.svg http://www.emd.dk/Projects/Projekter/20%20Detailed%20 Case%20Studies/Case%20report03%20-%20Copenhagen_ Denmark.pdf image B1.1-B1.3 author’s own B1.4-B1.7 B1.8-B1.10 http://www.archdaily.com/4608/windshape-narchitects/ B1.11-1.12 green.blorge.com/2010/10/atelier-dna-designs-adifferent-type-of-wind-farm/ B1.13 http://green.blorge.com/2010/10/atelier-dna-designs-adifferent-type-of-wind-farm/ B1.14 www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Epoxy-Carbon-Fibersection-bar_585154120.html B2.1-B2.2 B2.3-B2.8 author’s own B3.1 http://www.evolo.us/architecture/archipelago-parametrically-designed-pavilion/ B 3.2-3.4 author’s own B8.1 http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&docid=cMoDQnDCpQCnSM&tbnid=2kZfwV2OmqhDoM:&ved=0CAEQjxw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dezeen. com%2F2013%2F06%2F05%2Fpeace-pavilion-by-atelier-zundel-cristea%2F&ei=14FnU6ryF4inkgXh_4CYBQ&bvm=bv.65788261,d.dGI&psig=AFQjCNHjS6Bg3cOiVmt6qHz4 FkeSQDAGAw&ust=1399377621240093 B8.2 http://www.prolyte.com/documents/News%20images/ Sleep%20&%20Dreams%20Pavillion%20Le%20Bioscope.jpg

Part C Detailed Design

C.1 Design concept

Architecture is a visual art, and the buildiArchitecture is a visual art, and the buildings speak for themselves. Julia Morgan

C.1 Design concept : Testing

Initially, based on the feedback from presentation, our group picked one of the outcome from case study 2.0 and were continuing working with fabric memberance cladding on strip structure. based on our site analysis, we decided to start with how to locate the pathway on the site. by locating several points on rhino then use voronoi function on grasshopper to offset those points hence to get a shape of pathway. The pictures indicated how we gradually got the pathway from grasshopper. 99

C.1 Design concept : Testing

Plants Effect

Rain Water Collection For Irrigation

Hence we started our design directly on the pathway we found on grasshopper. ourgroup was initially thinking to use solar panel and the pavegen ( a special materla that can transmit electricity while people are stepping on it. however, what made this project a failed concept was that both the material and concept were not strong enough. I reazlied that by creating architecture over a certain site, it is essetial to make the structure and material fit the design concept. Our design cant work out with memberance material efficiently, also the use of renewable energy was not able to collaborate with the structure, therefore we decided to think of another concept to strengthen our design. 100

C.1 Design concept : Testing

Testing materiality while making model. (memberance)

Testing on structure of original model

From the outcome of the old model, the scale tended to be too big and also the bottom part of the cluster was not able to function because of the failed test with memberance materials.With the previous experience with materiality, structure design concept and scale, our group decided to still base on the similar shape but to seek for a new concept therefore to discover new material that can be working with our structure. 101

C.1 Design concept: Site analysis

Therefore our group started the new design to go back to the site plan again. Previous site analysis was based on the copenhagen hand shape map, however, the points desity distribution based on the hand was quite unconvincing. Hence we looked back to the map again and marked interesting points such as the iconic little mermaid statue at the west, water taxi at the south-west corner on the site, and the two main entries. An interesting points was observed on the site ( the left middle side one) due to its comprehensive view toward all orientation over the site. From the site analysis, we realized that the north neighbour side near the site was factory area accompanied with one restaurant. East side has several essetial buildings such as college, train station and restaurants as well. West and South sides are near the sea. Brown rectangulars were drawn on the site to indicate the locations of some big scale buildings. lines are used to connect the central point to present the comprehensive view this point will observe. Hence the site can be divided into three main parts. water taxi terminal, entertainment or view platform and welcome platform near the entries.

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C.1 Design concept: Site analysis

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C.1 Design concept: Site analysis

Three sections are marked as shown from the figure. Based on our old design structure, cutting off the bottom part would make the whole design look much better. Therefore by having several slim culomns as underneath supporting beam was considered as our final design. Because it increases interspace and create fun and continuous spatial and virtual experience. 104

C.1 Design concept : site analysis & intially form design

So our group used form finding method on grasshopper and drew radom shape of three sections on the site to create the shape. Then we used relaxation, wmoothing and optimising mesh relax to complete our final model. From the design, by having a hole (skylight) to enable sunlight go through to the bottome and as fun walking part for the people walking on the top will be very interesting. In order to make our design exdraordinary , we took the technique of biomass into usage to generate energy. As each hollow cluster are empty, we intended to plant wheat in north part the cluster( to attract visitors) and north part( to beautify the site as a contrast to the factory nearby) and we name our design as Biomass Wheat Park, as an educational also an entertainment park for all visitors. Also we designed two pavilions on top of the cluster for visitors to rest. 105

C.1 Design concept: Renewable energy

Biomass is a new way of generating energy from nature plants. The method our group chose is called “biofuels” that sugar and other content collected from the wheat can be put into a machine through a process called fermentation to produce ethanol. And ethanol can be used in a certain type of bus engine. Therefore bus can be located near our design site as a transportation tool to pick up visitors, informing them that the engine’s oil is collected from the wheat over the site to connect back to our design concept. Also through our site reseach, copenhagen’s climate is suitable for the wheat growth due to its climate belongs to temperate marine climate. 106

C.1 Design concept: BIomass fermentation process

The formula presents how the process of “fermentation” is working and the bottome shows the size of the fermentation machine whicn is about 2 meters high and 1 meter wide. Inorder to make full use of the hollow clusters, we plan to put this machine into some of the hollows and make window at the side to enable visitors to look inside as an educational purpose to enhance that the wheat can generate energy, Biomass: Alcohol Bioguel sugar(carbonhydrate content) Glucose Glycolysis in cytoplasm NAD+ recycles(pyruvate 3 carbons) 2 carbon each 2ethanol

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C.1 Design concept: site climate & wheat grow

Through our research,there are several points for wheat growing such as the need of 12 to 15 inches water and climate requirements is considerably warm. from 21 to 24 degree. however, it requires not too hot but wheat does need sunshine. Also low humidity weather are better for the growing of wheat. Also based on the climate research of copenhagen, it belongs to temperate marine climate, which is

suitable for wheat growing

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C.1 Design concept: initial design

Top part as wheat grow brown parts indicate fill with earth material for wheat grow

Bottome part as display window

what innovation we made of our biomass wheat park is that unlike growing wheat on the ground, we moved them to the top of the concrete panel and by making full use of the hollow cluster ( put earth and materials for wheat growing in side) to grow the wheat in sectional circles on the concrete panel while still having the path way for people to walk around on the top. however, to achieve the aesthetic design, slim cluster would look much better than those wide ones therefore we decided to design slim clusters functions as the container of earth water material for wheat grow, and some wider clusters function as display window to put the machine inside. (slim clusters are about 0.5-1.5 meters are wider ones are about 2-3 memters cuz the machine is about 1.5-2 meters wide) 109

C.1 Design concept: form finding&optimizing

By puting the points data based on our site analysis then use voronoi start the points, smooth the edges then divide the cell edges into three clusters based on different functions and are situated purposly according to site analysis function zones. ( we added mesh relaxation to get edge points as restraint points)

Use the function of extrude of the boundary to get this concrete panel. we made opennings as skylight to achive light goes through for the ground leve.

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we used grasshopper to make these bench around the wheat grow section as fence to increase people’s awareness of wheat grow section also as area for visitors to sit and relax

C.1 Design concept: form finding&optimizing

glass protection as fence are added over the site by loft two curves at the edge of the concrete panels

To increase the aesthetic harmony over the site, strip pavilion is added to let people relax over the site

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C.1 Design concept: form finding&optimizing

cuved surface to support the concrete beam as well as enlarge the ground walking space

Hollows are filled with earth materials for wheat grow, some wider hollows are function as display room. bench& plant growing section

skylight

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glass fence

C.1 Design concept: form finding&optimizing

Wider ones are put in fermetation machien as display room

slim colum are adding aesthetic design to only fill with earth material for wheat grow

The curved structure enlarge the inter space to create a sense of continous and fun visual experience. pavilions are added to let visitors have private space to relax ane enjoy the view. The intersection columns shape is to create fun lights effect and with top openness to enjoy the better sunlight. rainy days the top part will be closed to let the wheat get water and visitors can enjoy the underground part with the concrete panel as roof protection.

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C.1 Design concept: explode diagram

From left to the right are respectively the chair ( circular fence for wheat), concrete panel with skyl ate this form on grasshopper we worked on the initial site analysis that is to make 3 different functio 114

C.1 Design concept: explode diagram

light opennes, glass fence , cluster supporting beam and the walking stones on the ground. To generon zones. the top right is the image of the pavilion. 115

elevator are working over the structure to enable visitors to reach the top platform.

As an educational park, we added some touch groud rubble to give people who walk underground fun walking experience. and inorder to make the continous feelings for the undergneath part , we made the height of the cluster around 5.7 meters (because as the top is all covered with concrete panel with few skylight to increase the lightness of the ground level, taller space is considered to make the people underneath the concrete panel more comfortable and observe the diaplay window of the fermentation machine process) 116

C.2 Tectonic Elements

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C.2 Tectonic Elements

The explode diagram shows the structure of the main hollow cluster and the pavillion on the top. The main material we use is concrete therefore in our design we can use precast concrete panel and the beam can support the whole structure. And the pavillion is used intersection skill to be built.

The cluster can be structured in timber fram first then cement can be poured inside it to m the concrete strucutre. the curved part can be achived by put a timber frame at the same sh 118

The length of the underneath column is 5.7 meters with different functions in different width ( some are filled with earth for wheat growing, some are functioned as display room to contain the machine). By interacting each horizontal and vertical columns together without joints by plywood this structure can be completed.

me make e hape 119

C.2 Tectonic Elements

Process of using laser cut machine and 3d print. 120

C.3 Final Model

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Detailed model of the pavilion in 1:100 The pavilion is designed for relaxing with openness for visitors to walk inside to experience different sunlight orientation. The parametrical design highlight our biomass wheat garden, with sloping top facing toward little mermaid statue to ahieve a space for leisure. In order to show the model in all perspective and more completely, we added more intersection in the model making in laser cut to show the parametrically designed model. 128

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Detailed column structure in 1:100 model.

we chose the material 900*600 thickness 3mm for all our laser cut model. the cluster joint can directly use timber frame to be intersected with each other therefore the join doesnt need to be taken into account tin the design.

In order to show the model in all perspective and more completely, we added more intersection in the model making in laser cut to show the parametrically designed model. The model presents the basic timber frame structure of the bottom cluster.

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C.4

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Biomass Wheat Park An environmental friendly park that can generate energy from wheat fields, enable visitors to enjoy visual views from all perspective platforms with different orientation sunshine.

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C.4

Description : To design a unique and extraordinary biomass wheat park, we thought in another harmony and creative way with the help of rhino grasshopper skill, creating a continuous space featured in several hollow clusters supporting one concrete panel. To achieve the concept of renewable energy generated in our design, we put the concept of biomass into our design to plant wheat to enable visitors enjoy the visual experience as well as be aware of how the nature plant can be generated into energy in a circle. Our design considered concrete as a main material as in it can achieve thermal mass in both winter and summer, making visitors feel relatively warm in winter and keep cool in summer. To make use of all hollow clusters, some of them are filled with earth and raw materials to let the wheat grow; others are functioned as display room to show visitors how the wheat can be generated in to ethanol through the process of fermentation in fermentation machine. The structure or design achieved to make full use of the top space and underneath space of the concrete panel to enable visitors to have a comprehensive view over the site. With each three sections functioned as water taxi terminal, view platform and wheat grow& view &experience platform, visitors are able to enjoy the site also to increase the awareness of the how renewable energy can be created through natural plants. The bus over the site is using the ethanol collected from the wheat, hence emphasized the concept of making use of renewable nergy.

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Technology: The hardest part of the design can be form finding& optimizing, we went through several failed tests while trying to find the best outcome which can fit our design. From the outcomes of part B case study 2 and reverse engineering, we found out that the essential part of the design is to generate the strip into form with the concept of renewable energy. After several test including wind, step force, bending force and solar panel, we determined to use the function “ biomass” as our design start and to find out what structure suit the best from our grasshopper experience. We used the function voronoi pattern derived from points to design a divided space therefore meet the purpose of our design which is three different function sections from site analysis (the density, nearby views). With the introduction of biomass function of our design, we want to emphasis the idea of how essential is natural resource and how energy can be transmit into bus engine raw materials. Also by using the method of planting wheat and presenting the process we made use of each cluster columns. To beautify more of the structure, we designed two pavilions on the top and some skylight hole on the concrete panel to be functioned as a relaxing and observing private area and enable lightness to go through to the ground respectively. We also designed glass fence and chair to complete the functions of the park. The mainly material used of the structure is the concrete, by placing timber frame firstly to achieve the curved cluster then use steel to support then pour cement can be used in the construction process. The pavilion used the technology of intersection of strips therefore linked back to part b, which is our original form of strips to complete our design. 151

C.5 Learning Objectives and Outcomes

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Throughout the whole semester’s study on the studio air, I have gained not only skills on designing itself, but also on how to arrange presentation layout, how to export pictures through different software such as Photoshop, illustrator and rhino. This subject has indeed lots of workloads to deal with, but luckily, throughout the whole semester’s tones of meetings with my group mates, we all contributed a lot to this design. From part A concepts to part C the final design, the journal helps me to record our design changes. Initially, our design form was very hard to determined, also with the grasshopper skills needed, it usually takes us tones of time on doing a single easy form because we are unfamiliar with the software techniques. Later on, after lots of try and fails, I think my whole study strategies are changed. Our group has experienced lots of attempts. We found out that by solving each single problem first that can we move forward on track. The design will gradually coming up with the concept, and by researching more materials the design therefore, can be useful, constructed and feasible to be built. This project is about how renewable energy can be emerged and how it can be connected to the parametrically designed structure. It is interesting for me to explore on this new strategy and think broadly on renewable energy. Also, it enlarged my way of thinking architecture and designing. As in contemporary society, architecture is no longer only functioned as dwelling, commercial, also it changes the way we behave and it can be organic, connecting to nature. It can be educational, conveying energy transition such as our project. I think architecture reflects human intelligence also inspire us.

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Reference http://www.spoonflower.com/fabric/686084 https://www.google.com.au/search?q=fermentation&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=7ZaXU6GVDsfEkwXUh4CgBQ&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1920&bih=1070#q=fermentation%20equation&revid=1839879062&tbm=isch http://www.diytrade.com/china/pd/9267398/Fermentation_Equipment.html https://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-4269798-dt-content-rid-13528020_2/ courses/ABPL30048_2014_SM1/LAGI-FieldGuideRenewableEnergy-ed1.pdf http://www.chron.com/business/article/Wheat-prices-drop-on-Russian-crop-outlook-5542410.php?World_Business_News=

http://www.yellowpages.com.au/find/concrete-pre-mixed/greater-melbourne-vic

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