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Nevada Nurse in O lym pics Torch

Nevada Nurse Participates in Olympics Torch Relay

Sign up for e-Newsletter 08/08/12 A nurse was among the 8,000 specially selected volunteers who carried the Olympic flame from Olympia, Greece to London, England, where it ultimately was used to light a cauldron to kick off the 2012 summer games. Debra A. Toney carried the flame 300 meters (about the length of three football fields) through the English village of Kirtlington as thousands of well-wishers along the Olympic flame route cheered her on. Toney, PhD, RN, FAAN, is a Nevada Nurses Association member, past president of the National Black Nurses Association, and director of nursing at Nevada Health Centers, a federally qualified health center in Las Vegas.

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“I thought I was just going to walk,” she said. “But with everyone shouting, waving flags and taking my photo, my adrenaline kicked in and I took off running,” she said. “It was incredibly exciting. Never in a million years did I think I’d have this opportunity – really an opportunity of a lifetime.” But Toney had the amazing chance because of her longstanding and substantial efforts to improve the health of people living in Photo courtesy of Debra A. Toney underserved communities, including her work on a national childhood obesity prevention initiative. She was one of 22 people selected for the honor through the Coca Cola Co.’s “Living Positively” initiative. “Each of our torchbearers’ generosity and commitment to give back to their communities near and far has inspired us,” according to officials from Coca Cola, a major sponsor of the Olympic Games. Toney plans on watching as much of the Olympics as she can. “Since I was a child, I’ve watched the Olympic games,” she said. “But this time, I’m really connected.” Read the entire story in the September/October 2012 issue of The American Nurse. Career & Credentialing Career Center Continuing Education Certification

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Nevada Health Centers, Inc. Fights Staggering Statistics By Darren Rahaman, MD

earned them broad bipartisan support among federal, state, and local policy-makers. Funding for these With approximately one in five health centers must be approved by Nevadans living without health in- Congress. surance, health care has become a prevailing issue in the media and As a FQHC, NVHC is a non-profit has gained momentum in political organization dedicated to create campaigns. Nevada is a state where quality access to healthcare regardthousands of residents face unmet less of oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s location or income. primary health care needs and they The organization focuses on imneed a place to turn. proving the health of the underserved, low-income and uninsured Since 1976, Nevada Health Centers, communities and populations with Inc. (NVHC) has been providing the vision to improve health while health care to many Nevadans in- eliminating health disparities. Pacluding the geographically isolated tients are given payment options if and uninsured populations. The they are not covered through private NVHC organization operates as a insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, NeFederally Qualified Community vada Check-Up or Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Health Health Center (FQHC) and receives Connection. NVHC patients can partial funding from the Health Ser- qualify for a sliding fee scale based vices and Resources Administration on their income that reflects upon to offset the cost of providing health the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). care to those without insurance. NVHC has a steadfast commitment Community Health Centers have to serving as many people as posa nationwide presence and today, sible and to this end there are health more than 1,000 community, mi- centers in rural Nevada, Carson City grant, and homeless health centers and Clark County. serve 3,600 urban and rural communities in each state and territory Nevada has the second-highest rate of the United States. The remark- in the nation of residents without able success of these programs has health insurance, is rated the most Chief Medical Officer Nevada Health Centers, Inc.

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economically distressed state in the country and designated one of the worst states for accessing child care, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Skyrocketing unemployment rates have set an unprecedented need for affordable health care as well. In addition, Nevada ranks 47th of all states when it comes to health rankings, including low public health funding, low immunization rates and limited prenatal care. NVHC health centers can make a positive impact on these statistics by providing affordable health care to people in need. NVHC is currently in the process of becoming nationally recognized as a Patient Centered Health Home (PCHH). With the designation in progress, the goal is to further involve patients in their own care, provide case management and create a health home for all patients. This designation will ensure most medical needs are met at a single location with the help of nurse care coordinators and nurse case managers to assist with patientsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; dayto-day medical needs. NVHC has implemented health care measures which address such issues as immu-

nizations, obesity and smoking cessation. NVHC recognizes the importance of measuring the outcomes of each patient’s visit to ensure their health is actually improving. NVHC will advance the growth and development of the organization with the end result being improved quality care with better access to providers and other health professionals.

tants and/or nurse practitioners. Select sites have registered nurses who act as case managers and care coordinators. Along with health facilities, NVHC operates 7 WIC clinics in Las Vegas.

NVHC will complete the building of two new health centers this spring located in Las Vegas and Carson City. Thanks to a generous grant Annually, NVHC serves approxi- from the Health Resources and Sermately 36,688 patients, in which 53 vices Administration (HRSA), the percent of that population is unin- Dream Fund at UCLA, 10-Nine Desured. Next year, NVHC hopes to sign and many other donors, NVHC serve even more patients as more is able to increase the patient inphysicians and health care provid- take capacity and therefore create ers are hired. NVHC currently op- abundant access to quality health erates 18 health centers, including a care. Grand Openings for their new state wide Mammovan and a Ron- buildings are planned for June 11 ald McDonald dental bus in Elko. in Las Vegas and July 16 in Carson Each health center is staffed with City. The public is invited. physicians, (including family practice, pediatricians, OB/GYN’s and For more information about Nevada internal medicine), physician assis- Health Centers, Inc., please call

Shirley Hampton at 775-888-6619. Born in the West Indies and raised in Las Vegas, Dr. Darren Rahaman brings a unique set of skills to Nevada Health Centers, Inc (NVHC). Graduating from the prestigious University of Southern California’s Medical School in 1997, he then completed the University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas Family Practice Residency program. In an effort to help the underserved community, Dr. Rahaman began practicing at NVHC in 2000. In 2002, he became the Las Vegas Regional Clinic Director and in 2010 assumed the role of Chief Medical Officer. Dr. Rahaman is the past President and current Treasurer of Western Clinicians Network, an organization that serves Region IX to support, educate and mentor Clinical Directors.

Reprinted with permission from the Nevada Healthcare News. To learn more about the Nevada Healthcare News visit nvhcnews.com.

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In early 1992, a tip was given to American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. (ABC) about unsanitary food practices at the grocery chain, Food Lion. The report alleged Food Lion employees were mixing fresh and expired beef together, bleaching rank meat to remove its’ odor and re-‐dating the expiration on meat products that had not been yet been sold. ABC producers found an opportunity for a powerful story and decided to conduct an investigation with hidden cameras.1 Two undercover reporters, Lynne Dale and Susan Barnett applied for a job at Food Lion with permission from their superiors. Dale and Barnett were hired with false identities and their resume did not disclose their concurrent employment with ABC. Barnett was hired in April 1992 at a South Carolina Food Lion as a deli clerk while Dale was hired in May 1992 at a North Carolina Food Lion as a meat wrapper trainee. Barnett and Dale had short-‐lived careers with the grocery chain, Barnett only lasted two weeks and Dale only one.2

The two ABC reporters wore tiny hidden cameras and microphones to capture footage of

their three weeks at Food Lion. During their time at the grocery chain, their hidden cameras were secretly capturing more than 45 hours of the practices and conditions of meat handling. Their footage includes: Food Lion employee treatment, wrapping and labeling meat, cleaning machinery and discussing meat department practices. Dale and Barnett also gathered footage from the cutting room, the deli counter, the employee break room and the manager’s office.3

The footage was aired in a November 5, 1992 episode of “Primetime Live” segment. The

segment revealed the unsanitary meat and seafood handling by Food Lion employees. The segment proved that the initial allegations reported to ABC to be true. The “Primetime Live” segment showed employees “repackaging and re-‐dating fish that has passed the expiration date, mixing expired and fresh beef together and applying barbecue sauce to chicken that had passed

the expiration date in an effort to mask the smell and sell it as fresh in the gourmet food section.”4The program also aired testimonies about bad handling practices from former Food Lion employees across several states. 5

The program nearly destroyed the Food Lion chain. It resulted in almost zero meat sales

and the largest food chain across America, opening more than 100 stores each year was quickly dying.6Sales and revenue brought in from Food Lion stores nationwide were plummeting. “Delhaize America” reported company-‐wide-‐same-‐store sales decline of 9.5 percent. Food Lion was forced to scale back on employees, payroll and their Midwest expansion plans.7

The Food Lion empire decided to take action against ABC’s producers and reporters. They

said reporters were against their First Amendment rights to have hidden cameras and document the events of Food Lion. They filed suit against Richard Kaplan and Ira Rosen, ABC’s producers of “Primetime Live” and Barnett and Dale, their reporters. They did not sue for defamation or libel but sued for the way they collected their footage. The grocery chain filed suit for fraud, breach of the duty of loyalty, trespass, and unfair trade practices, seeking millions in compensatory damages. Food Lion wanted back administrative fees associated with the wages paid to Barnett and Dale, damages to their reputation for the publication, lost revenue as well as “diminished stock value.” Food Lion also sued for punitive damages.8

The district court of North Carolina began a three trial case: liability phase, compensatory

phase and punitive damages. The jury found ABC defendants liable for Food Lion damages. They found Barnett and Dale specifically liable for “breach of the duty of loyalty and trespass.”9 In the compensatory damages phase, the jury awarded Food Lion $1402 and $1 in nominal damages on

behalf of each reporter. Food Lion could not prove lost profits and “diminished stock” due to fraud and the “breach of the duty of loyalty and trespass.”10 On punitive damages, the jury awarded Food Lion $5,545,750 in its fraud claim against ABC. No punitive damages were awarded against Barnett and Dale. Food Lion ended up with $315,000 because post-‐trial proceeding ruled that the initial award in punitive damages was excessive.11

When the case went to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit issued a

2-‐1 decision in Food Lion v. Capital Cities/ABC. The three-‐ judge panel reversed the compensatory and punitive damages previously awarded in the district court. The decision said that the reporters did not commit fraud when they presented their fictitious resumes, references and employment history. The judges upheld the First Amendment rights of ABC and the reporters, preventing Food Lion from recovering any compensatory or punitive damages from the “Primetime Live” program. The decision said that Barnett and Dale were in fact guilty of the ““breach of the duty of loyalty and trespass.” Food Lion was awarded $2 for their torts of trespass. Judge Blane Michael, wrote the majority opinion, "We are convinced that the media can do its important job effectively without resort to the commission of run-‐of-‐the-‐mill" breaches of the law.12 Although both reporters and ABC producers were responsible for “Primetime Live” segment, it brings up the question of ethics. Was it ethical for Barnett and Dale to be investigating undercover at Food Lion? Was their report an invasion of privacy or was it justifiable under public interest? Does the First Amendment give protection to ABC to capture footage secretly?

The first step in examining these questions is to understand ethical journalism. Although

journalists play the watchdog role, the real question is what justifies the actions of Barnett and

Dale posing as employees for a groundbreaking story. Will the First Amendment protect them under their freedom of speech? If Barnett and Dale had not lied about their employment history would they have gotten the story to please public interest? In March 2001, by a “News of the World” reporter dressed as an Arab sheikh to deceive the Countess of Wessex. The reporter investigated the Countess’ motives behind a legitimate business pursuit for her own personal gain. The case is similar to Food Lion because public policy was at stake. When the reporter was revealed she was punished with a serious misdemeanor for misleading the public.13 A topic that should be examined is invasion of privacy. Privacy is defined as the right to be private. Does Food Lion have the right to remain private even though they are a grocery chain with more than a thousand stores nationwide? In New York Times v. Sullivan, the Sullivan rule was extended to public officials which was eventually extended to public figures and public issues.14 Under the Sullivan rule, Food Lion is considered a public issue and does not have the same rights as private issues. Therefore, the reporters were not libeling Food Lion or actual malice when reporting about Food Lion. Under their First Amendment they are extended the guarantee of a free press. In defense of ABC and the reporters who covered the sensational program, Barnett and Dale felt that going undercover in their report would be greater if they were actually employed at Food Lion.15 Under their contract with Food Lion, either party could terminate employment without notice.16 Because the contract did not state employment policies, Barnett and Dale were not convicted of fraud.

During the hearing, a North Carolina jury had to decide if ABC was liable for the suit Food

Lion had brought against them. The “Primetime Live” program was never seen by the jury, instead they were instructed to accept the reporting as accurate. 17They were not encouraged to focus on the hidden cameras used to get the footage or the content of the program but focus on the means the reporters used to obtain jobs. The jury was torn, some of them wanted to give Food Lion no money at all for their mistreatment of meat and some wanted to give them millions of dollars because they felt Food Lion was invaded by ABC. Diane Sawyer's words about Food Lion ''what can happen when the pressure for profits is great and you break the rules.''18 The greater issue in the Food Lion case is where journalistic responsibility lies. If ABC were to have lost the battle to Food Lion it would yield a cautious press which violates the First Amendment. In Branzburg v. Hayes, the Supreme Court ruled, "Without some protection for seeking out the news, freedom of the press could be eviscerated."19 Many argued even Diane Sawyer herself said that the cameras did not depict a fair image of Food Lion. The cameras only showed portions of what happened to the meat from the time they were unpackaged until the reporter’s discretion, there was no footage of them going on the shelves.20Many Food Lion employees, lawyers and reps for the grocery chain said the “footage was fake and staged.” 21Joseph Goulden argues that “ABC used the First Amendment as a crutch” and did not admit to the deceitful and inaccurate footage. Goulden said that ABC was part of a powerful union that intended to destroy the grocery chain.22 "The company has done so without ever challenging the truth of our broadcast,” Roone Arledge said, President of ABC News. ABC argued the original judgment in North Carolina represented a

danger to freedom of the press. ABC lawyers said the program was driven by public interest and the common good not by the mere opportunity of a sensational story. 23 In the battle between the arguments, Food Lion hired Stirick & Co. a public relations firm from Los Angeles that handled high profile clients and cases to amend their image after the aired footage. Chris Ahearn, Food Lion’s communication manager said “Food Lion the ordeal would be a major undertaking as it was certainly high profile.” 24After Food Lion and Stirick & Co. teamed up, they knew they would be up against one of the largest public relations department in the country. The public relations team worked into the late hours of the night giving updated reports and answering to more than 20 reporters everyday. Ahearn and her staff worked vigorously to keep the media out of the courtroom and let the lawyers focus on matters of the case. The total cost for the public relations during the crisis communications campaign has not been released.25 Common food practices among Food Lion were not even aired during the broadcast. The workers of Food Lion said they often soaked meat in bleach to remove the odor and that managers often took food out of the dumpster and re-‐shelved it. In the segment there is no evidence of that any of these allegations. The segment shows Food Lion’s bad handling but the question arises if these are common among all grocery chains. Food Lion argues that ABC took a public issue and sensationalized it to boost ratings while destroying a food chain.26

Journalists have the responsibility to play the watchdog role and inform the public what is

going on. Journalism ethics is a widely debated issue and will always have gray areas about what is right and wrong. Sometimes the end does justify the means.

Inside a Dolls House Contemporary drama stems from many writers, but I consider Strindberg and Ibsen to have fathered dramatic theatre. Both have set precedents with their plays, Miss Julie and Dolls House. Ibsen and Strindberg took the social ideals of women and completely defied everything it was about. Strindberg and Ibsen have not only inspired each other, but have marked their spot in contemporary drama by raising questions that had never been raised before. Ibsen, author of Dolls House, creates Nora, a character with many faces. In the beginning of the play, Nora is just a woman. She is a housewife who belongs to her husband Torvald. Her character changes dramatically, as she is the center of all the problems within the play. When Nora commits forgery to save her husbandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life, the crisis begins. For the first time, Ibsen gives a woman rights and her own identity. This idea was extremely foreign to audiences because women did not really have any rights in society during 1879. Ibsen not only gives her a sole identity separate from her husband Torvald, but she is also very manipulative. For example, when Mrs. Linde asks Nora if she has told Torvald the truth about where the money came from the send him to Italy, Nora responds condescendingly. Nora says, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Of course not! Good heavens, how could I? He, with his strict principles! Besides, you know how men are. Torvald would find it embarrassing and humiliating to learn that he owed me anything. It would upset our whole relationship. Our happy, beautiful home would no longer be what it is.â&#x20AC;? (Ibsen 17)

Ibsen portrays Nora to be a woman who is so classy and beautiful who could never do anything wrong, but she in secret does many things that the ideal woman she looks like would never do. Ibsen portrays Torvald as a masculine husband who owns his wife, Nora. He looks as Nora as if she is a piece of property with no mind, personality, or sole of her own. Nora tells him that she will be his elfmaid and dance for him in moonlight. (Ibsen 26) Nora’s promise to dress up and dance for Torvald is symbolic of her character. Her costumes represent her different identities. There is a very significant gender conflict in the play between men and women, representing society during the late 1800’s. Nora’s role in the play can be very confusing because Ibsen plays her out to be the character who shows a good side, but during the crises of the forgery her role becomes so manipulative that her ‘good character’ persona can be debatable. Nora is stuck in the middle of an ethical limbo. Although Nora’s actions are not always looked upon as the ‘angel’ of the play, she does think with her heart. She did forge her name because of the love she has for her husband. Nora’s character develops when Torvald reassures her that everything will be okay and that no one has to know about the crime she has committed. She tells Torvald that for the first time in eight years, they had a serious conversation. (Ibsen, 40) Nora for the first time, realizes that she has been in a marriage that was not really a marriage for all that time. Nora represents freedom of women when she leaves Torvald and enters the world alone, penniless, and without a single possession.

Ibsen’s play inspired author, August Strindberg, another legend of contemporary drama, to write Miss Julie. The play represents an abnormal relationship between a servant and a high society young woman who cannot control her sexual passion. (Levy 44) Like Ibsen’s Dolls House, both leading protagonists were women. These women were portrayed outside of their usual societal role: classy and elegant young women. Strindberg took idealism of woman, and created Miss Julie to be the exact opposite. For example, Miss Julie cannot control her sexual urges toward the servant who she is not supposed to be fooling around with anyway. Her weakness ends up destroying her by the end of the play. Like Nora, Miss Julie does not play the part of woman very well. Strindberg’s character, Miss Julie, an aristocrat and daughter of a count is expected to live up to societal expectations similar to Nora, during the late 1800’s. Most people in her position were expected to act with a certain demeanor and have high values and morals. They weren’t expected to have sexual fantasies about men, especially not men that weren’t highly successful. Like A Dolls House, Miss Julie also struggles with gender conflict. Although in different ways, both Nora and Miss Julie deal with gender conflict throughout their stories. Miss Julie is brought up to hate men, her mother taught her at a young age that men are despicable. Throughout the play, Miss Julie will believes this to be true, and feels that she may never be able to find love or trust the opposite sex. When Jean, the servant comes into Miss Julie’s life he symbolizes the lower class, because she is superior to him. Miss Julie is frustrated with her role as an aristocrat and wants nothing

more than to be of a lower class, with little expectations from society. Jean desires to move himself to a higher class, and believes that Miss Julie is his ticket to a better life. (McLeish) For example, Julie’s class is the attraction between Jean and her. Strindberg makes their love look impossible. Julie says to Jean, “Don’t take it as an order! On a night like this we’re all just ordinary people having fun, so we’ll forget about rank.” (Strindberg 49) Miss Julie cannot help but give into her sexual desires and sleep with Jean. But Jean will soon discover that Miss Julie is penniless and cannot make his dreams come true. Like Nora, Miss Julie thinks through her heart, not what is right or what is wrong. Since Miss Julie cannot control her urges over Jean she subconsciously destroys herself. She falls for Jean but cannot succumb to the thought of loving a man. For example, Miss Julie decides to kill herself rather than face the shame of succumbing to a man beneath her social class. (Levy, 46) Julie’s desire for something that she cannot socially attain drive the play to be successful. Like a Dolls House , theses themes were never introduced and were not really accepted. Women were given their roles and that was that. Strindberg and Ibsen were both amazing authors who really took issues that were not comfortably talked about in society and broadcasted them through welldeveloped characters, Nora and Julie. Both Nora and Julie go outside their own boundaries as women and show society that they too have their own identities. Although

their struggles were very different, they both were challenged by their hearts. Nora was challenged by the love she had for Torvald and Julie was challenged by the love she had for Jean. They were torn by how they felt inside and how their decisions would reflect on their role in society. Nora, stronger than Julie, does not care what society thinks, she does what she knows is right in the end: leaving her husband. Julie, caring about her future and how others view her, cannot let her heart win. She ends up killing herself before ever admitting her love for a man below her social class. Their significant roles in contemporary drama have set precedents for the ideal woman.

Still Somewhere between the chaos of the crowd There he was

It is unattainable for the average person, so

To stand out to a young girl

hidden for anyone to find

Somewhere through the silence sorrow, and

Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s only for t hem

the secrets

Somewhere between their hearts they can feel

There she was

what it is to be loved

To put a smile on a adolescent boy

And what it is like to love

Somewhere deep inside of them grew feelings

Somewhere between the scorching days of

of togetherness

teenage disaster, the rock hard decisions

Where only they could decipher the code

Spinning city streets, and the swirling clock of

Where only they could understand each other

time

Somewhere in their heart is a special

They can find a place

seclusion that is reserved for one another

Their place

Abandoned but combined

And they can be still.

Isolated but as one So full of life, it will never die no matter how many bullets it faces. It is a place that blooms everyday, no matter what the season