v
Architecture Design Studio Air
Kelvin Karel 629642 Semester 1/2013 David & Alex
Contents Profile 3 Introduction Part A: Case For Innovation 4 A.1 Architecture as a Discourse 5 Architecture as a Discourse
7
Burnham Pavilions
9
Shell House by Kotaro Ide
10 A.2 Computational Architecture
11 13
Computational Architecture Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
14
Metropol Parasol
15 A.3 Parametric Modeling
16 17 18
Parametric Modeling Guangzhou Opera House by Zaha Hadid Kazakhstan’s New National Library
19 A.4 Algorithmic exploration
Part B: Design Approach 21 B.1 Design Focus 22 Biomimicry
23
Wyndham City
27
Reverse Engineering
25 B.2 Case Study 2.0 25 Precendence
1
31 B.3 Technique: Development 31 Chosen one
33 35
Patterns & Modules Structure & Forms
37 B.4 Technique: Prototype 37 Forms Prototype 39 Patterns 44 Final Form
46 B.5 Technique: Proposal 47 B.6 Learning objective and Outcome Part C: Design Proposal 49 C.1 Project Proposal 51 Feedbacks/comments 53 Wyndham City 55 Precedence 57 Intentions
58 C.2 Design Proposal 63 Structural Details 65 Conclusion
72 C.3 Our Design Process 73 Patterning
77
Form & Structure
82 C.4 Fabrication 88 C.5 Final Model 95 C.6 Learning Objectives & Outcomes 2
Profile Hey guys, my name is Kelvin Karel. I am a third year bachelor of Environment student majoring in Architecture. Born in Indonesia, Jakarta, but was educated in Singapore all my life. Has been taking architecture as a major for 3 years in Singapore learning mostly on the technical and practical aspects of it. Its my first year here in Melbourne, to futher my studies and get a whole new experience of different cultures, environment, challenges and meet different people and hopefully become a successful architect in the near future. Digital tools that I used in my projects are sketchup, Revit, autoCAD. No experience in using Rhino or Grasshopper yet, but its always fun to explore the new possibilities of creating a more dynamic and conceptual type of architecture.
3
Part A: Case For Innovation
A.1 Architecture as a Discourse
4
Architecture as a Discourse
Sourced from: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kdTwlBV9AXk/TjreGpNTukI/AAAAAAAAIdU/crGh35gLdZ4/s1600/Islamic+architec ture+%25289%2529.jpg
Architecture to me has always been a piece of art and a place of shelther for the public. However, there is more to that than just a piece of art. There is many definition to architecture. According to the article on “Architecture and Visual Cultures”, Richard William stated 3 approaches. “Architecture as a form of art, architecture as a symbolic realm; and architecture as spatial experience.” It is no doubt that architecture is a form of art and spatial experience, due to its unique position in public realm. Comparing to painting, it is more to a 3 dimensional art enabling different mode of visions in people’s own spatial imagination. However, architecture can’t exist without the existence of a client and other consultants. With strict styles and regulations to follow and the limited area to build on, architecture is more compromised compared to other arts. Thus, regarding architecture as an individual piece of art might not be true as the architect’s work is never his or hers alone. Hence, quoting from Richard Williams, “Architccturc needs to be thought of less as a set of speciaI material products and rather more as range of social and professional practices that sometimes, but by no means always, lead to buildings.” This would hence be a good way to show the relation of architecture in the challenging Gateway project. Due to a similar proposal of making a significant impact to the public with an eye catching installation.
5
Sourced from: http://www.europepics.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/ Saint-Peters-Basilica-interior.jpg
Architecture can also be seen as a sign or symbol. Such example would be the Eiffel tower in Paris, Colloseum in Rome, Sydney Opera House in Sydney, etc. and I fully agree on this approach. Architecture should not just be understood by the designers and architects alone but should be open to interpretation by anyone. In terms of aesthetics, contributions to the society and its acceptance to the public. Lastly, with the inventions of modern technologies, architecture nowadays has been seen as a discourse due to the wide field of areas it covers. According to Schumacher’s point of view, “architecture is a system of communication that is constantly changing.” Thus, it can mean anything to do with discussion. 6
Burnham Pavilions A sculptor Design by Zaha Hadid to mark Daniel Burham’s innovative plan of Chicago. The purpose of this sculpture is to reflect upon the transformation of Chicago and its visions of the future and thus Zaha Hadid design a fluid, organic form structure to welcome the modern technologies and innovative ideas that makes design forms such as this exist. The reason I love this sculpture was due to its futuristic and organic form which looks like an alien that decended down to earth. This blob-like structure express a complex form of architecture as if it is melting down in any minute and yet so simple like a unity of fluids that blends so well together, causing an architecture discourse of shock and awe.
Sourced from: http://www.bustler.net/index.php/article/zaha_ hadids_futuristic_burnham_pavilion_for_chicago/
7
Sourced from: http://www.bustler.net/index.php/article/zaha_hadids_ futuristic_burnham_pavilion_for_chicago/
Sourced from: http://www.bustler.net/index.php/article/zaha_hadids_futuristic_burnham_pavilion_for_chicago/
Bustler. (2009) Zaha Hadid’s Futuristic Burnham Pavilion for Chicago. Retrive from: http://www.bustler.net/index.php/article/zaha_hadids_ futuristic_burnham_pavilion_for_chicago/
Architecture as a Discourse
Sourced from: http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/ ImageArchives?oid=1634154
Even though it is a smaller version of a conceptual architecture building, the construction work is not easier. The project took roughly five months to build with the use of over 7000 curved aluminum pieces shaped and welded according to its proposed shaped which not any 2 are alike. The outer layer is then wrapped up with a tension fabric to show the outline of the structure commemorating the original ideas of Burnham and designed with strips of holes to allow the play of shadow and light in the interior. This temporary sculpture attracted tourist from around the world educating them and celebrating the start of a futuristic movement of architecture. Sourced from: http://www.bustler.net/index.php/article/zaha_hadids_futuristic_burnham_pavilion_for_chicago/
8
Sourced from: http://homesthetics.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/20110507-074532.jpg
Shell House by Kotaro Ide With the developments of technology and programs, we are now able to expand our creativity in constructing and designing intricate forms of architecture. Forms that are organic, blobular or even fluid-like introducting a modern and futuristic movement of architecture. However, in my opinion, architecture should still blends with their environment and not creating a huge catalyst that attracts all publics attention.
9
This precedent study would be the private villa designed by ARTechnic architects. It is a large shell shaped structure constructed in the middle of the woods. What i like about this project is even though it has a curvilinear form, kind of a futuristic theme, it somehow blends in well with its surrounding landscape. It blurs the boundaries of the interior and exterior making the user feel that they are actually living with nature fulfilling its function of a vacation home.
Designboom. (2008). ‘shell house’ by kotaro ide. Retrieve from: http://www.designboom.com/architecture/shell-house-by-kotaroide/
A.2 Computational Architecture
10
Sourced from: http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/icd-imagedb/Web_Institute_Profile_
Computational Architecture Computerisation in the field of architecture is not a crucial tool that we designers need to have to construct a building or craft an artefact. Looking back to the past, architects are able to design and build a structure just with the use of hand drawn images. So what’s the fuss about computerisation in architecture being an importance to the design environment? The main reason was just simply communication. Computers nowadays give us the efficiency to communicate with people in other areas of the world and even the ability to share information online. This helps us designers to be able to communicate with the different consultants, evaluate our problems and find solution in an easier manner creating a more convenient and efficient way to construct a proposed project. Comparing with the past where drawings have to be sent physically. It shortens the time spent tremendously from starting a design concept to erecting the whole skyscraper, developing each land faster and faster. Thus, in this digital age, using a computer would be inevitable in terms of creating and designing a buildable structure in a limited amount of time.
11
_AM.jpg Sourced from: http://premiumurbandesign.blogspot.com.au/
Besides communication, computers could also help us in many different ways. For example allocating information where we humans don’t have the memory to store, programs that help us in creating a 2dimension and 3dimension ideas that can be presented to a client by graphical and visual images and giving us a better control, accuracy and precision in terms of developing our design to reach our main objectives. As we humans gets easily bored, we tend to find new challenges, tools and program that will expand our creative abilities, NOT boosting them by the use of computers. Thus, the bold, organic and fluid like structures came about. These are forms unlikely to be built without the use of digital technology. Some examples, Burnham Pavillion by Zaha Hadid, Walt Disney Concert Hall by Frank Ghery, Ordos Museum by MAD Architects. However, there are also limitations to computers. Even though we know deep in our mind how we would like the design of the structure to look like, we would not be capable to design it according to our expectation if one does not know how to use the program. Setting up time to learn a software might be time consuming and expensive and some prefer to make physical models to show the interaction of spaces clearer compared to the 2/3dimensional images. 12
“a fantastic dream ship of undulating form in a cloak of titaniu Calvin Tomkins, The New York Sourced from: http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com.au/2012/08/f-gehry-guggenheim-museum-bilbao.html
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
One main example of a computational architecture would be the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao designed by Frank Ghery. A dynamic and fluidlike building in the style of deconstructivism. It has curvilinear and complex forms which make it so much harder if one does it without the use of computers. Thus, with the creation of digital technology, Frank Ghery uses CATIA, a modeling software use in airplane industry to generate a 3dimensional graphical image of the building. Furthermore it helps him work closer with the different building consultants, calculating the materials, controlling the overall cost of construction and finally translating his poetic forms into reality. 13
http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com.au/2012/08/f-gehry-guggenheim-museum-bilbao.html Guggenheim.(2013). Guggenheim Museum Bilbao. Retrieve from: http://www.guggenheim. org/guggenheim-foundation/architecture/bilbao My architectural moleskin.(2012). F. Gehry: guggenheim museum, bilbao. Retrieve from: http:// architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com.au/2012/08/f-gehry-guggenheim-museum-bilbao.html
um� ker
Sourced from: http://www.designboom.com/architecture/j-mayer-h-architects-metropol-parasol-now-com
Metropol Parasol
Metropol Parasol would be another striking example of computational architecture. It is a waffle looking structure located in Seville, Spain which was designed to create a new icon for Seville, a place of identification. Having a structure that has non-repeating elements, it would be close to impossible to build a form so blobular and porous without the use of computational tools. Therefore the design team for this project uses a variety of programs to satisfy the endless goals and constraints of the project. And with the use of computation tools, it helps to show the overview of the entire project from its visual outcome, to its cost, to its load bearing capabilities and even the detailed connections of the different shapes of wood being joined together enabling the design team to provide solutions for the allocated errors and mistakes more efficiently. However, it does not mean that it reduces the blunders and we humans make, but more to opening up new possibilities for architects to design conceptual architecture more efficiently and effectively. Yatzer.(2011). Metropol Parasol // The World’s Largest Wooden Structure.Retrieve from:http://www. yatzer.com/Metropol-Parasol-The-World-s-Largest-Wooden-Structure-J-MAYER-H-Architects Designboom.(2011). j. mayer h. architects: metropol parasol now complete. Retrieve from: http://www. designboom.com/architecture/j-mayer-h-architects-metropol-parasol-now-complete/
14
A.3 Parametric Modeling
15
Sourced from: http://genitrix.wordpress.com/2008/09/21/parametric-modelling-rhino-history/
Parametric Modeling Parametric modelling has been a new type of designing technology for architects in the 21st century. It refers to the use of a set of mathematical equations that determines the effectiveness of a modelling solution. It enables us to create complex geometry giving designers more possibilities to explore new forms. It has evolved from just normal 2d drafting software such as CAD to a level where both control and efficiency in design process exists. Not only that, it enable designers to test the performances of the design before construction and also create a wide variety of proposals and prototypes due to its efficiency. Thus, parametric modelling is now being widely used in design industry due to its advantages. However, there is always a downside to everything in life. It needs extensive amount of training and time to master the software. Furthermore, it might be costly making it harder to introduce them to schools. One example of a software would be grasshopper, a plug-in for 3d Rhinoceros program. It is the use of scripting to generate 3dimensional shapes. Does not solve the complexity of the software and might put off designers as it feels like we are learning codes and is kind of a tedious and boring process. 16
“The two buildings are embedded in an artificial landscape impregnated with program and spaces,” Patrik Schumacher
Sourced from: http://www.interiorholic.com/architecture/guangzhou-opera-house-by-zaha
Guangzhou Opera House by Zaha Hadid
Sourced from: http://www.interiorholic.com/architecture/guangzhou-opera-house-by-zaha-hadid/
17
The Guangzhou Opera house by Zaha hadid, in collaboration with Patrik Schumacher, was designed using the concepts of natural landscape and its interplay with architecture; engaging in the principles of erosion, geology and topography. Its goal was to house a 1,800-seat theatre plus 400-seat multifunctional hall, rehearsal rooms and entrance hall. With Zaha’s architecture theme of futurism, bold and dynamic geometries, advanced computational technologies is required to meet her architecture expectations. Thus, lots of programming tools were used in this project. The exterior was designed in Rhino while the more complex and fluid surface of the interior in Maya. These organic forms are achieved through logarithms, splines, blobs, NURBS and the particles organized by the scripts of the dynamic systems of parametric design. ARCHITECT.(2011). Guangzhou Opera House. Retrieve from: http://www.architectmagazine.com/cultural-projects/guangzhou-opera-house.aspx Interiorholic.(2011). Guangzhou Opera House by Zaha Hadid. Retrieve from: http:// www.interiorholic.com/architecture/guangzhou-opera-house-by-zaha-hadid/
a-hadid/
Sourced from: http://www.bustler.net/index.php/article/big_to_design_kazakhstans_new_national_library_in_astana/
Kazakhstan’s New National Library National Library in Astana designed by BIG is arranged in a continuous circulation of Mobius strips, resulting of 2 interlocking structures: perfect circle and the public spiral. “The design of the National Library combines four universal archetypes across space and time into a new national symbol: the circle, the rotunda, the arch and the yurt are merged into the form of a Moebius strip. The clarity of the circle, the courtyard of the rotunda, the gateway of the arch and the soft silhouette of the yurt are combined to create a new national monument appearing local and universal, contemporary and timeless, unique and archetypal at the same time” - Bjarke Ingels. This is another example of a building that clearly shows the use of a parametric modeling tool in their design process. Dezeen.(2009). Astana National Library by BIG. Retrieve from: http://www.dezeen. com/2009/08/25/astana-national-library-by-big/ Archdaily.(2009). National Library in Astana, Kazakhstan / BIG Retreieve from:http://www.archdaily.com/33238/national-library-in-astana-kazakhstan-big/
Sourced from: http://www.building.co.uk/news/national-library-kazakhstan/3147406.article#
18
A.4 Algorithmic Exploration
Fig 1 Shows the result of random points being connected to the sphere, offsetting it and baking them.
Learning Rhino3D and Grasshopper has not been an easy task for me due to the different system compared to the previous digital tools I use, such as AutoCAD and Sketchup. From my point of view is more to learning codes, how this cant connect to the other while others can to produce a certain result and at times it gets quite boring and frustrating putting in the script according to the tutorial videos shown. However, after observing a few tutorial, I start to briefly understand how things work and how simple it is to create such intricate forms. With the use of parametric modeling program such as grasshopper, it enables designers to create more complex, and more dynamic designs. It allows the user to have control of the parameters and reduces constraints such as restarting the sketch if there is an issue. Thus, changing the efficiency of a design process.
19
Fig. 2 Shows the different grid pattern you are able to create in your design.
Fig. 3 Shows the change of expression in the facade, due to the Point Charge
Fig. 4 shows the division of curves to form different points/segments. Exploding them into 3 different groups linking them with arcs. Shown in Fig below.
Fig. 5 shows the end product of Fig 4.
20
Part B: Design Approach
B.1. Design Focus
21
Biomimicry The field of interest our group decide would be biomimicry. We were inspired to do this type of approach to describe natures underlying diversity , by creating a rhythmic compositions, through the repetition of shape and changes in scale. This was also partly due to the intricate and interesting forms of nature and to take up a more challenging forms in the design approach since we are new to parametric modeling program. What is biomimicry ? Biomimicry is the design and production of materials, structures and system from the examination of nature, as an inspiration. Nature has always been a source of inspiration to the field of architecture. It has always been there to show and demonstrate the solutions for the different issues in terms of architectural context. One such example would be the bullet train in Japan. The engineer studied the mid-dive of kingfisher birds to reduce the noise produce by the train when they exit the tunnel. As a result, it not only quietened the train but also made it go faster. With our objective to create an innovative, effective structure and to blend in with the surrounding nature, that will give a visual impact on the drivers coming into the city, we decided that biomimicry would be a good point that will fit to the Western Gateway Design Project proposal.
22
Wyndham City Brief
The brief of the Western Gateway Design Project is to create a Gateway into Wyndham for city bound traffic on the Princes Freeway. The project is to create an exciting, eye catching installation at Wyndham’s Western Gateway and it will be viewed by vehicles travelling at high speed providing them the first indication of arrival into metropolitan Melbourne. The purpose of the freeway art installation is to develop a proposal that inspires and enriches the municipality.
Site Description
Wyndham City is located around the suburbs of Werribee, Hoppers Crossing, Point Cook, Wyndham Vale, Truganina and Tarneit. It has before a city of more than 430, 000 people. The site is located on the road reserves adjacent to the Princes Freeway, at the interchange with the Princes Highway (Geelong Road). Site A is located at the 90 metre wide road reserve with the sound-bound and north-bound traffic along the Princes Freeway. Site B form the part of the gateway treatment and is the verge between northbound traffic along the Princes Freeway and the freeway off-ramp onto the Princes Highway. Site C is located to the west of the freeway off-ramp onto the Princes Highway.
23
Having the site located near the princess freeway, we decided to use the theme of DYNAMISM, SPEED, MOVEMENT to create connectivity with the surrounding environment. And after much thought we decided to use the movements of birds as an inspiration, to form a sculpture that will make a significant impact and creates a symbol that will give a “welcoming� effect for people driving into metropolitan Melbourne. This design intention was further evolved by creating a structure that would be a non-closed geometry, where the user will be found in a space that has a constant relationship with the animation of shadows and be able to look out to the underlying natural landscape. Where the user will be able to enjoy the best of both of worlds.
24
v
B.2. Case Study 2.0 (Precedent)
Dal Canopy
25
This sculpture is design as a canopy to provide shade for a 3m x 3m x 6m space with a seating bench provided underneath. Dal Canopy is a great example that matches with our theme of dynamism, speed, movement. With its curvilinear and intricate form, not only will it link to dynamism but also connects to the landscape. Furthermore, it provides shelther for passing vehicles and it looks like the wings of a bird. And in relation to biomimicry, it uses fractal system, where there is a geometrical shape that is similar to a feather and is re-occuring at different position and its form and strucure. Futhermore, is possible to be modeled on a computer using a recursive algorithm. Reasons we chose this precendence was because we wanted to get a real challenge of what we are actually capable to do in grasshopper and test our limits on the new program that we just learned.
26
v
B.2. Case Study 2.0 (Reverse Engineering)
CRV LOFT
Before the start of reverse en gram was thought of what m be able to create the DAL C ric tools. Examples such as c > poligon. However, alot of didnt work as how we want ration from the tutorial onli with the final algorithm(Sho us achieve the right path to
SUBDIVIDE SRF
FLATTEN
CULL
VORONOI
27
PROJECT
CAP HOLES EXTRUDE
PROJECT
ngineering, a parametric diamight be the possible steps, to Canopy, by using the parametcurve > loft > surface divide them were unsuccessful and ted it to be. After much exploine we manage to come up own in this diagram) that help create the final form.
PLANE NORMAL
AVERAGE
EVALUATE DISCONTINUITY
SRF CP
28
v
B.2. Case Study 2.0 (Reverse Engineering)
1. 4.
2.
5.
3.
29
Remaking of Dal Canopy
We started by tracing curvilinear lines from the images that we got of the Dal Canopy, loft it and appoint it as a surface. Shown in image no.2. It was all going very smoothly for us till it hit us.
How are we going to input the hexagon modules ? We experimented different ways such as putting hexagonal grids or polygons onto the divided surface but the modules does not seem to connect with each other, it was a failure. Eventually we started using Voronoi+Cull pattern. Divide the surface into points and cast Voronoi+Cull pattern onto the XY plane below it, so at least with the use of Cull pattern we could adjust the different variation of shape that comes close to the hexagonal module of the Dal Canopy. Finally we project it up towards the lofted surface and got the result shown in image no.4. It was then that another problem arises.
The curves surfaces at the edges of the loft surface would be a problem during fabrication process. 6.
We tried many ways like just extruding it into a component but it still does intersect with one another.So with the help of David, we created points on the edges of each module, find a mid point on its surface and extrude a plane perpendicular to it, using the mid points as a reference. The final form is shown on image no.5 & no.6. Comparing to the Dal Canopy, it is a little different as the modules here are in random shape while the Dal Canopy has a fixed elongated flat hexagonal components. 30
v
B.3. Technique: Development (Chosen One)
Structure
Form
Spiralling & waffle-like Structure. Express Dynamism and motions being captured
Module
Hexagon geometry taken from the inspiration of a bird’s feathers(elongated hexagons) 31
Canvas form that seemed to be influence by the motion of the wind
Pattern
Honeycomb patterns connections. Inspired by Bee hives.
Final Form
Matrix Developement After achieving the Final form of Dal Canopy in our design space, we decided to develope different variation such as the Structure, Form, Module and Pattern to create a more personal design compared to the precedents that we have chosen.We decided to explore and play around in these areas and produce as many design outcomes as we can to find a form and shape that links and satisfies with our design concept and intent. Next, we spilt up the work into the different variation to explore, Structure, Forms, Patterns, Modules and play around with the shapes and forms and try to creates parameters that relates to the theme of dynamism and our approach of biomimicry. Finally was to combine them together to create a sculpture that still has the notions of all the themes and design intents that we had explored and wanted. However, instead of taking bits and parts of every parameters and combining them into one, we decided to focus on choosing one parameter per variation that links closely to our design ideas. The matrixes in the pages below are all the range of interesting design outcomes we had generated.
32
v
B.3. Technique: Development (Patterns)
33
34
v
B.3. Technique: Development (Structure & Form)
35
36
v
B.4. Technique: Prototypes (Forms)
1a.
2a.
37
1b.
2b.
3a.
Prototypes (Forms) The prototypes of forms were made for us to explore the shapes that will allow the patterns to be clip on. Other exploration was not taken for prototyping due to its complex and overlapping internal patterns that will be difficult to fabricate. Furthermore, the design idea of a porous structure that have a constant relationship with the animation of shadows and enabling drivers to look out to the underlying natural landscape will be not be expressed in the other forms. Therefore, our group decided with the form above, Img 3a., due to its organic and simple form, which at the same time echoes a bird talon/ claw.
38
v
B.4. Technique: Prototypes (Patterns)
1c.
2c.
39 3c.
1d.
40 2d.
3d.
v
B.4. Technique: Prototypes (Patterns)
1d.
3d.
41 2d.
4d.
1e.
3e.
42 2e.
4e.
v
B.4. Technique: Prototypes (Patterns)
3a.
2c.
Prototypes (Patterns) We have alot more prototypes in patterns as we wanted to explore the different play of shadow and light that will be casted on the ground through offsetting surfaces, different width of holes and exploring different components. More to an experiment to see the effects of shadow play, trying to mimic nature. And after much thought, we decided to choose the patterns on pg 39 and pg 41. It is the same pattern, flat hexagonal module but it was intended to create a separation in between each modules, not joining them side by side. It is joined such that the hexagonal pattern is connected in between the holes of the waffle structure. Therefore, forming a complex effect of shadow play of the structure and the patterns in Whndham City.
43 2d.
Final Form
44
v
B.4. Technique: Prototypes (Final Form)
1f.
2f.
3f. 4f.
45
v
B.5. Technique Proposal
Proposal The outcome the final model satisfies our concept of creating dynamic and organic form as well as creating a juxtaposition of flattened fractal pattern into a fluid surface. Our design proposal would be encouraging the local participants of Wyndham City to revolutionized their way of life being the catalyst of change. This will stimulate the local to take innovative approach on their daily life. We want to show case that the longevity of the design by involving the city of Wyndham into the architectural discourse of innovative design. The viewers of our propose gateway project will allow to share, their experience, peers or general public through social networking, pictures, or simple conversation. Our design thus be a part of a continuous system of communication. 46
v
B.6. Learning Objective and Outcome
Presentation and Feedback
Sourced from: http://www.flickr.com/photos/abbozo/4319258674/
The Expression of Interest presentation brought many new insights from learning from the other groups and how they presented their ideas and arguments. The critique overall went quite well as there are lots of very helpful feedbacks on how to continue and explore with our design.
47
Firstly, the panel likes the interesting light and shadow effects when the drivers passed by and the final form of our model. However, we lack of the connection between our theory and the design itself. What we had presented with our techniques were going in the right direction, but he link between the concept and the final outcome of the model was not strong enough.
Sourced from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gde7K_c3OGQ
Secondly, The panels feel that we does not have a strong definition in relation to biomimicry. Mimicking of nature should be more literal. Futhermore, is not just imitating of the shapes from nature but also to use an intelligent systems from nature to a make a sculpture more suitable for its context. Another point, is to remove one of the self supporting structure. Either the patterns or the waffle structure. Reason was it will be
redundant to have a selfsupporting elements on top of another self supporting structure.
With so many problems to correct and change till the final presentation, we decided not to restart the whole entire design but to continue and start developing it futher. One way would be to stick to the form, remove the waffle-like structure and explore more selfsupporting element that mimics the shape of nature. Something more literal and more connected to our concept and the growth of Wyndam city.
48
Part C: Project Proposal
49
50
v
FEEDBACKS/COMMENTS A few feedbacks and comments gotten from the crit “Be more innovative with the overall design.” “Needs to have a much more defined relation with biomimicry.” “So far there is a lack of connection between our theory and the design itself.” “We are trying to do too much at once to the point that our design is incoherent, we need to better integrated design.” “The design must be relevant to the site. Our inspiration must be related to the site, the more specific the better.” “We need more clearly defined design theories, precedents and techniques to prove we understand biomimicry design. Doesn’t matter how awesome our new design is, if it doesn’t relate to biomimicry we’ll get a low mark.” “Redundant to have a selfsupporting elements on top of another self supporting structure.” “Interesting light and shadow effects”
In conclusion, our Expression of Interest presentation............. was bad. We got more negative feedback than positive comments. Who are you kidding? The only positive comment was “interesting light and shadow effects” which i believe is more to a consoling comment after all the negative feedbacks we got. Anyway, it isn’t the end. As quoted from Horton, Doug...
“ The harder you fall, the higher you bounce ” 51
Part C. Project Proposal So first thing that our group decided to do is to recap from the beginning the factors that we want to propose. We asked ourselves questions such as.. What our main objectives of constructing the Gateway? Our design proposal should be base on what grounds? What are the intentions we as designers want to generate? Based on what successful architectural projects? This gave us an idea of what we need to achieve in these few weeks, creating our own concept and to support our design proposal. The diagram below was formed by Maria, to show us the goals that we need to reach before the final presentation.
52
v
WYNDHAM CITY
Wyndham is the number one, fastest growing municipality, having a current population of 148,000 people and a high level of growth rate between 8000 and 10000 residents coming each year. In the recent years, Wyndham has been proposing new projects to enhance it´s physical appearance and to be able to generate a higher sense of pride in residents . As a result the western gateway project has been proposed. This project looks forward to upgrade the conditions and aesthetics of the landscape and as well to be innovative, by implementing a new focus point at the Western Interchange entry to the City.
Main Objectives of Western Gateway Design Project -UPGRADE THE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS -BE INNOVATIVE, CREATE ARCHITECTURAL DISCOURSE -GENERATE A NEW FOCUS POINT -CREATE AN ICON THAT WILL HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT TO THE CITY 53
Part C. Project Proposal
Western Gateway Design Project Three sites were provided to impose the project. Site A is located at the 90 metre wide road reserve with the sound-bound and north-bound traffic along the Princes Freeway. Site B form the part of the gateway treatment and is the verge between north-bound traffic along the Princes Freeway and the freeway off-ramp onto the Princes Highway. Site C is located to the west of the freeway off-ramp onto the Princes Highway. After much thought, we decided to choose Site A & B for our given project. Reason was we believe this site has a prominent location, which is highly advantageous, allowing us to accomplish the main objectives of the design project and and our intentions. 54
v
PRECEDENCE Structural Patterns
Brudge Pavillion By Toyo Ito
Animation of shadows
Lotus 7.0 By Daan Roosegaarde Based on a solid research of successful architectural projects around the world. We were inspired by the above projects.
55
The Brudde Pavilion done by Toyo Ito, constructed in the form of steel and glass tube, placed in the midst of a park enabled us to get a better understanding of how patterns, being the main structural element, behaves and support one another.
Part C. Project Proposal
Porous Structure
DAL Canopy by DAL
Explored Shadow Patterns
Previous Prototypes The Lotus 7.0 by Daan Roosegaarde, composed of smart foils that fold open in response to human behavior and casting the different shadow effects gave us ideas how to develop cast shadow animations. DAL Canopy by DAL from our previous research inspires us how to achieve a flat porous structure while at the same time, able to achieve an organic form. Lastly, is our previous exploration of shadow patterns teaching us about the different effects of shadows.
56
v
INTENTIONS WHAT ARE OUR INTENTIONS? Through our research, precedence and exploration we decided to design a project that could achieve the following:
*A welcoming effect *To be a landmark in the western area *To create a Flat, porous structure *Creates a constant interaction with the landscape *Cast shadows animations *Experience a sense of motion an dynamism
Landmark 57
Porous Structure
Motion & Dynamism
Part C. Project Proposal
OUR DESIGN PROPOSAL
58
v
DESIGN PROPOSAL
Form, Pattern, Structure and Materiality are the main factors in achieving our design. Each one of them is reliant to another and the final form will not be achieve if one is missing. And our main inspiration for the design concept is “butterflies�. They are delicate insects that possessed stunning visual, entertaining to the viewers.
The pattern is based in the internal structure of the butterfly pattern wing , of The Dingy Shallowtail, which is a native butterfly species in Wyndham, which through parametric design we have achieved this pattern, which changes in scale according to the curvature of the surface 59
Part C. Project Proposal
The form relates to the butterfly flight, which consist of a zig zag upwards motion, which is caused by the way the butterfly flaps its wings , making extra effort than actually needed to fly upwards to it´s destination. This is highly related to Wyndham economic growth, which in the past years, even though it has it´s up and downs it is continuously growing at a high rate. Moreover, the design also acts as a visual signage for the location of the Wyndham through the asymmetric shape of the design, which also signifies the diaspora of butterflies from the initial location to another, forming a triangular shape pattern as they fly together. This is because the leader will lead the way while the rest will join in, from different areas, following behind to a new breeding location. 60
v
DESIGN PROPOSAL
Site Analysis Seen from the image above, the project is located at the center of the site. This was to maximize the probability of travellers coming from different direction to visualize the gateway project. The pattern of the structure mimics the aesthetic of nature, where the interaction of the sun with the structure creates cast shadows animations, very attractive to the user. Furthermore, the form also has one part lower than the other causing the driver to experience a sense of motion and dynamism as they pass through it. 61
Part C. Project Proposal
Due to a need in fulfilling the purpose of blending in with the environment, we narrowed it down to brown coloured material. Brass and Steel were later used in the design. To be honest, we had actually had a hard time choosing between timber, brass and copper.
Timber
Copper
brass
Timber, what can blend more with the surrounding then this material ? It is a good choice to use this material. However, it needs constant maintanance to prevent any erosion that will reduce the strength of its properties. Furthermore, it is quite commonly used nowadays that becomes quite a bore and having an intent of creating an significant impact to the city, the use of common materials might not be recommended. Copper, firstly its cheap, secondly it matches the colour that we want for our gateway. However, we are quite doubtful in whether it will be self-supporting in the 15m wide span. And after futher research, copper changes colour over time to a bluish green. One example, statue of liberty, it is made with copper.... Therefore, Brass was chosen because it blends with the environment, keeps its integrity over time due to it´s stainless property and it’s strength could be comparable with steel thus, I believe it will be able to hold itself across the 15m wide span. 62
v
STRUCTURAL DETAILS
The main structure frame would no doubt be formed by steel, using universal beam. Reason is because, it has a light weight appearance with a strong characteristic that allows flexibility in design and create a firm structural frame that will support the whole weight of the modules. The bottom part is later driven to the ground and connected to piles that will enhance the stability in supporting the 30m span.
Why a universal i beam ?
The main reason is so that the modules can be slotted in between it and be expressed as a frame, covering its visible joints and connection, similar to the connections between each module, enabling the overall design to be conveyed as simple but yet intricate form of architecture, creating an Illusion to viewers of the absence of connecting elements.
Angle plate
63
Part C. Project Proposal
This construction detail shows the way each module joins with each other, through 2 bolts. And as well is important to mention that the following profile is dependent on the surface curvature.
As shown in the above diagram, each straight strip is divided into 3 parts. Connecting with other modules using nut and bolts at each intervals. Exact height of the nut and bolt differs throughout the entire structure. This is due to its curvilinear form, one module might be angled or positioned a little higher or different than the other to create an overall organic form using a flat surfaces. Shown on the left, the internal part of the module is supported by the c channel and metal studs that gives thickness to the brass cap of the module. The c channel is then welded to the cap and steel strips to give it its form. This module is later inserted and connected to the 600U beam through the use of angle plates that is welded together with it. However, shown in the diagram on the left, the thickness of the universal beam need to be customize as I believe the standardise 7-10 mm thk universal beam might not be sufficient to support the whole weight of the structure. 64
v
CONCLUSION
OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT Main Questions of Western Gateway Design Project -HOW IS IT AN EYE-CATCHING INSTALLATION ? -HOW IT INSPIRES AND ENRICHES THE MUNICIPALITY? -HOW IS IT SUCCESSFUL ?
65
Part C. Project Proposal
HOW IS IT AN EYE-CATCHING INSTALLATION? Through the use of parametric design, we were able to create a cutting edge, contemporary project which consist of a graceful structure, patternlike project that since its conception has an inner
connection with
the environment where it interrelates with the surrounding landscape and as well has a practical and appealing behaviour that enable users to have a
dynamic and interactive experience where the animation of shadows is the main eye-catching feature. 66
v
CONCLUSION
HOW IT INSPIRES AND ENRICHES THE MUNICIPALITY? This gateway gives a welcoming
effect that creates excitement for the people in Wyndham city by providing them with a glimpse of future vision of the city development. By this installation, it announced to the people around the area of the rapid evolution that the city is having. This will act as an inspiring
67
landmark that motivates the population of Wyndham to go beyond their potentials to achieve greater capabilities, so as not to lack behind from the modern world.
Part C. Project Proposal
HOW IS IT SUCCESSFUL? Our design showcases the characteristic of Wyndham being the economic growth of Wyndham as well as the existing biodiversity of the city. These will
then form part of the identity of the growing city. We use the butterfly to reference specific species that exist in Wyndham to formulate an interesting pattern for the proposed Gateway Proposal as well as educate
users. Educate in a way that people will be intrigued by this
the future
form to further search for the information about the influence of the design to myriad of systems of communications. Its innovative
for its time and circumstances on one hand and is a long lasting contribution to the future development of the city of Wyndham.
68
v
CONCLUSION
69
Part C. Project Proposal
70
v
CONCLUSION After lots of research and reading about biomimicry, it just doesn’t seem to fit into our design proposal and our stand on it is not strong enough to support our concept. And after we found out that it was because we did not use any intelligent systems mimicking more literally from nature to a make the structure more suitable for its context, we decided to drop the term biommimicry in our project. Therefore, for this development of our design we were just simply inspired by nature...
71
“ Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.... ” Albert Einstein
Part C. Project Proposal
OUR DESIGN PROCESS
72
v
PATTERNING After our presentation on the Expression of Interest, we started to change our patterns. From what we got from the feedback, “biomimicry’s mimicking of nature should be more literal”, thus we started
inspired by butterfly wings
to explore more on voronoi patterns, . With the use of voronoi pattern, we change the shapes of it making it edges more curvilinear by dividing the modules into segments and using nurb curves to create a more circular edge. However, the thought of fabricating it seemed tedious as we might not know which module is in which position and will get confused if one of them is wrongly placed.
Next we tried making 5 voronoi a module, making the fabrication easier which we would later box morph it onto the intricate form. As we are also researching on some precedence, we tried extruding the form and slant it side ways like shown below using vector tool. Inspired by the “burning man” project by Studio 10 at Westminster University. Creating a form like a butterfly shown on the 2 bottom right images.
73
Part C. Project Proposal
We created prototype as well to experiment the rigidity of the connections and the materials that we might intend to use. This is a crucial step for us as we need a span as long as 15m and it will be pointless to create a module that could not self support itself as we had earlier said that we are ditching the waffle structure. After joining up to 8 pieces, the structure tends to sag which gives us the hint that it would not be capable of the long span. Thus, we didn’t take the pattern.
74
v
PATTERNING Using the same algorithm, of diving surface into segments and using nurb curves to create circular edges, we did on a right-angled triangles. However, its a little different this time. We offset inwards creating the thickness of it, solid difference them to create a hole in the middle and create a thickness. This still do look like the patterns of the butterfly wings.
Next, we mirrored it and make it a brep, divide the lofted surface into different domain which we then box morph this pattern on top of the lofted surface creating a form like the image below. The form was just an experiment to boxmorph the chosen pattern that we did on to its surface.
75
Part C. Project Proposal Same thing we did for the other failed product, we experiment on its structure and connection to see its capability of cantilevering over a wide area, which seem to be more stable compared to the previous experiment. We get into more detail on its connection, such as the use of nut and bolt, the metal studs to support the curving strips, the connection of the capping and the materials used which are all shown on the previos page.
Experimenting on different ways of joining and its material choice.
The exploration of nut and bolt connections and the use of metal studs that will help align the curve strips onto the edge of the capping. 76
v
FORM & STRUCTURE
Flight of butterflies
Original form from top view
From our Expression of Interest presentation, we stick with the form, but discard the waffle-like structure which might hinder the pattern works that we have achieved. Another reason was due to it
related to how butterflies moves together
being , following a leader to a new breeding ground. The creation of this surface was done using the sweep tool as using loft will give off a weird shape/edge sticking out from one side. Tried many more experiments to make it look more intricate and look more like a butterfly motion shown in the diagrams below.
77
Modified form 1 top view
Modified form 1 side view
Modified form 2 top view
Modified form 2 side view
Part C. Project Proposal Modified form 1 was the first prototype, but it failed as we couldn’t think of any connections which will be allow the module to bend in such an acute angle shown in the side view. Modified form 2 was later formed. This prototype was supposed to be our last
express the way butterfly flies and the growth of Wyndham City over the years, as the edge indicated on “Modified form 2 side view”is cantilevered. and final form as it not only creates an organic form but also
It was all going great till we thought about the structure and its ability to hold up the entire modules. We initially proposed a 100m long gateway, due to making an impact, a landmark where people driving from any direction would be able to be awed by it, etc. However, structure wise, cantilevering a long span of 100m without any support along the way would be near impossible. Therefore, we reduced it all the way to 30m. Even so, we still have doubts on its cantilever capabilities. The modules is able to self support itself but with the long span, it wouldn’t hold. Hence we came up with a structure system using Universal beam. 1. Shorten the length of span faced by the modules. 2. Enhance rigidity of structure across a wide span 78
v
FORM & STRUCTURE We enhance the rigidity of the structure further by forming 2 triangular surfaces and create connection at the point of contact. This allow the inbalance weight to be pushed against one another, balancing the overall form of the gateway. This has been shown in the diagram in the previous page.
Final form top view
Final form top view (creates a welcoming effect)
welcoming effect to the drivers driving towards wyndham and a sense of motion and dynamism. We shifted one side of the gateway lower With our intention to have a
than the other forming a shape shown below.
Final form front view 79
Part C. Project Proposal
Structure frame of final form
As shown in the image above, the Universal beam will be connected in the middle balancing out the form due to the lateral pressure exerted by both sides towards the other and the deep piling system recommended by engineers.
Final form with the patterns 1 80
v
FORM & STRUCTURE
Final form with the patterns 2
Final form with the patterns 3 81
Part C. Project Proposal
FABRICATION
82
v
FABRICATION
Final form before unrolling
83
Making the physical model has been the most tedious work in the design process. As shown on the image on the left, the disadvantage of box morph tool divides the surface accordingly even with the tiniest area, forming tiny bitsy module which we have to unroll and fabricate. As there is no materials that is 10mm thk, we need to unroll the module 3 times pasting one on top of another to create the thickness that we wanted. Materials used is 3mm thk boxboard.
File sent for fabrication
Part C. Project Proposal
84
v
FABRICATION
85
Part C. Project Proposal
86
v
FABRICATION
Final Conclusion This took us a total of 21 hours of continuous work which could be done faster with an extra pair of hands. In which we do have, but not as useful as we thought. It was a tedious amount of work, pasting pieces of modules together forming the thickness we wanted, even with the tiny, little ones. Separating them into 4 different groups and sequencing them on the position they are supposed to be pasted and using the paper form as a reference for its curvature. It wasn’t as a smooth flowing process as we thought, as we faced a couple of issues with the curve surface of the model, separating the modules and pasting it again piece by piece. All in all, it was a fun and enjoyable process that I had with the awesome group members that I’m blessed with, except for one. Before ending off with the pictures of the final model. I would like to express my grattitude towards the tutors David and Alex for the wonderful experience I had in the studio and especially to the members of Group 7, Maria Ventosa and John Ramos. Thank you, I could not have done it without you guys :) 87
Part C. Project Proposal
FINAL MODEL
88
v
FINAL MODEL
89
Part C. Project Proposal
90
v
FINAL MODEL
91
Part C. Project Proposal
92
v
FINAL MODEL
93
Part C. Project Proposal
END !
94
v
LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES Learning Objectives & Outcomes The feedback given was mainly positive comments about how beautiful the form and the modules are, how they love that we drop the term biomimicry and how the model actually shows the use of parametric design. It was all great until one of our extra pair of hands broke the model after the tutorial ended. To begin, I had never use rhino or grasshopper before same like Indesign. During the start of the semester having to learn all these programs at once was tough. Staying up late, not getting enough sleep and going for tutorial/lecture the next day has been an awful experience. Learning from the tutorial, youtube and other websites and going through the videos over and over again has been a norm. However, after 5-6weeks of it, it starts to make sense and I could say that I had gradually improved in those programs, except for grasshopper. It was my first experience of using parametric modeling. Using scripts and algorithm to design visual models was really difficult. There was a period of time that I thought I was memorizing codes and not learning architecture. To be honest, I hated grasshopper. It was very frustrating at times like, the inputs here is right, this goes here, that goes there and it goes on and on and on and the last input that you put in.... “TAAAT!!” The box goes red and you know something is missing or that method is wrong. However, after alot of practices I began to understand a little bit in utilising Grasshopper. Learnt from one of the lectures, “It will take years and heaps of practice before one becomes a master of any skill.” And thus, giving up was not an option. As parametric modelling tool is becoming more publicised and utilised by designers, it will only be natural to practice hard and master it so as not to lack behind from the modern world. But even with the efficiency of using parametric tools and other programming system, i’ve also come to realise that fabrication process, might not be as efficient and should be taken into consideration. 95
Part C. Project Proposal
Having the opportunity to work in a group has been amazing! It brought many joy and frustrations and times due to some misunderstanding. I’ve also learnt heaps from them such as rendering in 3Ds MAX, photography skills, Rhino tools, Laser cutting to the best sauce in Lord of fries... It could have been the best experience I had. However, improvements could still be made. Having a group of 4 in our members, efficiency of work should have been much faster if not for one slacking member and YES!! he is the extra pair of hands that broke the model as well. I wouldn’t go to details about what he had done to “benefit” the group members since everything is over, but this has been a learning experience for me and I would conclude that each team member is crucial for the development of the project. All in all, the subject has been very demanding and torturing, but surviving this subject till today, making new friends along the way, developing my skills further has been such a wonderful experience and would have gone through it all over again if I possibly could. Lastly, special thanks to David Lister and Alex Wilson for the great tutorials I had this semester.
Thank you !
“The job of every architect and every designer is to give the world more art, more new, beautiful, and fascinating things to see.” Philip Johnson 96
v
Appendix
97
98
v
Appendix
99
101