Shelter report final by Kelvin Ng

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SKELETAL CONSTRUCTION

“A SHELTER FOR ONE” Tutor: Ar. Alice HIEW EYANG KELVIN NG LOW JIA CHENG IVAN LING CHYI RUI MASOUD RAMEDANI LIAU WEN BIN

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School of Architecture, Building & Design . Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture . Building Construction 2 [ARC2513]

Introduction Throughout this Project “Shelter for One” we understood about the skeletal structure and the reaction of it while loading , we had experienced different ways to find the last design for the skeletal structure that can load enough weight for a required period of time. As it was an experimental assignment so with solving the problem by ourselves it was great opportunity for us to learn about structures and joints.

Design Strategy

In group we discussed and worked together for the system of the design and we recognized the implication of structure of construction in design, we learned about strength stiffness and stability of structure. Overall this project was an opportunity for us to show what we learned in Building Construction 2, and learn some issues of construction and the solution for them. The base has only supported by two sides instead of four sides which usually every one use. the idea was inspired from the bridges which have only two sides that are more likely triangle shapes , it has less material and works same as four sided structures or even better.

Building Construction 2 [ARC2513] Project 1 : Skeletal Structure “ A Shelter For One”

Purposed Joint Method Butt Joint

The simplest and easiest joint to create. Butt joint is created by simply placing the end of a piece of wood against another piece and fasten either using a metal clip, a nail or a screw. Although they lack of aesthetic properties, but they are extremely stable and can hold up heavy loads.

Mitered Butt Joint

Similar to the standard butt joint. The difference is in how those ends meet. In a standard butt joint, the ends meet at a 90 degree angle. In a mitered butt joint, the ends meet at a 45 degree angle. Same as butt joint, mitered boards are fastened together either with nails or screws. Miter joint results in a clean and pleasant look.

Lap Joint

Materials Choosen Timber

Considering recyclable materials, we used timber as the main material for the shelter due to its durability and strength. Also, it is a good heat insulator, making the shelter suitable to be placed under hot weather. Obviously timber is a renewable and biodegradable resource. Besides, timber is naturally beautiful and aesthetica

Screw Hooks

In order to make a connection between the base and the columns as well as the columns and the roof, we installed screw hooks that are light and easy to use.

This requires the removal of stock to exactly half of the overall thickness of the piece, in order that a similar piece can mate with it. This kind of joint is slightly weaker because some parts of wood are removed. However, they allow you to join the timber in the centers, rather than on the ends. This is suitable for creating the shelter.

Polypropylene (PP) Knitted Fabric

We needed to cover the shelter with durable and light material to make it function more appropriately, so we chose to use PP fabric. It is easy to clean by rising with water. Undoubtedly it is also environmental friendly and does not degrade if wet.

Steel Chain

We used steel chain to connect the base, columns and roof. Steel chain is relatively stronger than string and water resistant. Plus, it’s lightweight and adjustability are suitable to fold the base that functions as a chair.

Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF)

We chose MDF as the roof. It is dense, flat, stiff, has no knots and is easily used. To increase its properties of water resistance and heat insulation, we painted the top of MDF, producing a smooth and quality surface.

Building Construction 2 [ARC2513] Project 1 : Skeletal Structure “ A Shelter For One”

Design Development

Evolution Model 1

Evolution Model 2

Evolution Model 3

Evolution Model 4

Weakness

Had too much intermediate structure and had extra support of the platform.

Too much space for main structure to withstand the shelter

Improvement

The structure and connection overall couldn’t support the tensile of structure, the figure of the main support and side support was too weak to withstand the structure. Joints were too weak and it would bend the connection between the structures.

Improvement Sampled and specified the main tensile structure and strength the way of joint

The main support took a large space to withstand the whole structure and it cause the load test to fail and the joint was too fragile unless using death joint to make sure it doesn’t bend the whole structure.

Improvement

Making sure that the base supports the space saving of shelter and strength the way of joint

Making sure that the joints support whole structure. Also considering the stability of structure.

Building Construction 2 [ARC2513] Project 1 : Skeletal Structure “ A Shelter For One”

Separated and specified the main and the sides of the structure and different joints according to tensile force and the main support of the structure.

Model Testing The materials and the form of the shelter has been tested with efficiency of weight carried , the first model (Wooden) could carry about 1.5 of it’s own weight. The second model (cardboard) was improved in the form of shape and the joints so it could carry more weight than the first one.

Overall Progression

The last design had less of extra supporting parts and even more stronger , the tensile force was moving to the ground only by two beam which each had also two supporting structure which led to the better and stronger shelter that could carry 3 times more than its own weigth.

Building Construction 2 [ARC2513] Project 1 : Skeletal Structure “ A Shelter For One”

Construction Progress Day 1

Day one is about visiting thee workshop and cutting the woods into the pieces and the basic structure of the shelter , the work shop was full of the recycle materials and all of the stuff that we needed was there.

Day 2

We transporting the materials to the studio for building the shelter We measured the everything with more details and saw into pieces.

Day 3

Basiclly in the third day we assembled all of the cutting pieces of woods together with the bolt and screw. We tested the structure of the shelter as well.

Building Construction 2 [ARC2513] Project 1 : Skeletal Structure â&#x20AC;&#x153; A Shelter For Oneâ&#x20AC;?

Day 4

We started to make the roof and platform of our shelter, and assemble everything together for the testing. And our shelter passed the test successfully .

Day 5

At the last day , was more about the discussion between group mates and upgrading our shelter and it’s roof to make it more resistance to water. And here the last look of our shelter.

Building Construction 2 [ARC2513] Project 1 : Skeletal Structure “ A Shelter For One”

Construction Details

Building Construction 2 [ARC2513] Project 1 : Skeletal Structure “ A Shelter For One”

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Test on the Shelter The seat is supported with a piece of wood and it’s connected between the middle structure. All the weight force is transferring to the middle structure from the seat. The force is then divided into one main support leg with two side support and discharge into the ground. While the support of the seat is only placed in the middle of the seat, when the force is pressure on one of both side of the seat, the seat might receive a lot of pressure and finally result in broken. To avoid this we add on 4 chains on the conner of the seat, While the force is apply at the side or conner of the seat, the force will transfer into the middle structure along the chain. And finally discharge into ground. The chain at the conners also provide the balance of the seat.

Building Construction 2 [ARC2513] Project 1 : Skeletal Structure “ A Shelter For One”

Evaluation During the load testing the shelter had no sign of collapsing and deformation, it was strong enough and could even load more weight than the required. The reasons are the materials that been used which was the recycle wood which has enough strength and provides enough tensile force for loading. Also joints of the shelter which was designed perfectly and professionally which made the shelter more strong and effective. However we had some problems on the seat and the joints and some cracks while joining them, which was solved with changing the way of the joining.

Conclusion This project last about more than 2 weeks, along the progression of this project we have been through a lot of brainstorming and researching as well as many times prototyping to get the right skeletal structure for our shelter support system. This was quite challenging project as some of methods didn’t really worked out well due to its different principles of weight transferring methods. Until we sort out the matter by using the suspension/hanging method because of its unique capabilities and also to make our structure look more different than other ones.

Building Construction 2 [ARC2513] Project 1 : Skeletal Structure “ A Shelter For One”

References http://kiwipua.wix.com/archi-portfolio#!building-construction-2/c5oa http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Timber/Timber_Joints.html https://blog.udemy.com/types-of-wood-joints/ http://hanesculle1.wix.com/nadzirahhanis7#!rpoject-1-bcons/c16yx http://simonsoh92.wix.com/degreeinarchitecture#!building-construction-2/c2382

Building Construction 2 [ARC2513] Project 1 : Skeletal Structure “ A Shelter For One”