California is the top producer of many of the nation’s fresh fruits and vegetables. It produces over ninety percent of broccoli, ninety-five percent of garlic, and ninety-nin percent of artichokes and walnuts comsumed in the United States. It is also the top exporters of hay and alfalfa, which require an intensive water supply to grow and harvest. However, agriculture only accounts for 2 percent of the California’s GDP, but that estimation accounts for jobs processing of foods.
SECTOR SHARES OF GDP: PERCENT OF
2011 TOTAL GROSS STATE OUTPUT
MANUFACTURING
13%
REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL AND LEASING
15%
WHOLESALE TRADE
5%
FINANCE AND INSURANCE
6%
RETAIL TRADE
CONSTRUCTION
7%
3%
AGRICULTURE
2%
HEALTH CARE
6%
OTHER
16%
GOVERNMENT
11%
PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SERVICES
9%
2
INFORMATION
8%
CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE:
LOS ANGELES COUNTY TOP FIVE CROPS: 1. ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS
California grows over 200 different crops, some grown nowhere else in the nation. Crops include grapes, almonds, strawberries, oranges and walnuts. California produces almost all of the country's almonds, apricots, dates, figs, kiwi fruit, nectarines, olives, pistachios, prunes, and walnuts. It leads in the production of avocados, grapes, lemons, melons, peaches, plums, and strawberries. Only Florida produces more oranges.
2. BEDDING PLANTS 3. ROOT VEGETABLES 4. ORCHARD FRUIT 5. HAY, ALFALFA 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The most important vegetable crops grown in the state are lettuce and tomatoes. Again, California leads the way. Broccoli and carrots rank second followed by asparagus, cauliflower, celery, garlic, mushrooms, onions, and peppers. Only Texas grows more cotton than California. Hay, rice, corn, sugar beets, and wheat are also grown in large quantities.
3
WATER SOURCES IN CALIFORNIA:
Agriculture in California only accounts for two percent of the annual GDP. However, more than eighty percent of California’s water is used for agriculture, leaving only twenty percent for industries, homes, and businesses, creating a controvsery in California’s drought issue. Even though there are four present water reclamation plants in Los Angeles, there is still a short supply of water needed to provide for the whole city.
WHERE DOES OUR WATER COME FROM? (LADWP)
IMPORTED FROM NORTHERN CALIFORNIA AND COLORADO RIVER
(52%)
L.A. AQUEDUCT
GROUNDWATER
RECYCLED WATER
(36%)
(11%)
(1%)
RECLAIMED WATER USE: OTHERS
(6%)
ENVIRONMENTAL USES
(6%)
INDUSTRIAL USES
(5%)
AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION
(48%)
LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION
(20%)
SEAWATER INTRUSION BARRIER
(3%)
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE
(12%)
4
CALIFORNIA GDP TO WATER USE RELATIONSHIP:
100
90
80
USE OF CALIFORNIA’S WATER:
70
60
50
RECLAIMED WATER USE:
40
30
20
10
AGRICULTURE
OTHER INDUSTRIES
There is an inverse relationship between the amount of water expended for agriculture with the total GDP produced from it. Although, it totals to two percent, agriculture uses 80 percent of water in California and fifty percent generated from reclaimed water plants. The other industries totaling ninety-eight percent, use only twenty percent of California’s water and only fifty percent of reclaimed water.
2%
98% GDP RATIO
5
WATER RECLAMATION PLANTS AND INTERCEPTOR SEWERS LOCATIONS:
LAND
- CALIFORNIA
WATER
- PACIFIC OCEAN
HYPERION SERVICE AREA
WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
INTERCEPTOR SEWERS
D.C. TILLMAN
L.A.G
INTERCEPTOR SEWERS
HYPERION SERVICE AREA
HYPERION
6
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WATER RECLAMATION PLANTS:
L.A. GLENDALE WATER RECLAMATION PLANT
It is strategically placed to serve east San Fernando Valley communities that are both within and outside the Los Angeles city limits. It conserves and reuses over 4.5 million gallons of water each day and over one billion gallons of water per year. It utilizes nitrification and dentrification, tertiary, disinfection and dechlorination. It’s annual budget is 4.7 million dollars.
D.C. TILLMAN WATER RECLAMATION PLANT
HYPERION WATER RECLAMATION PLANT
It combines advanced wastewater treatment technology with the beauty of tranquility of the landscaped gardens. It conserves and reuses over 80 million gallons of water each day and over one billion gallons of water per year. It utilizes tertiary treatment nitrification and dentrification, tertiary, disinfection and dechlorination. It’s annual budget is 16 million dollars.The plant also works to provide hydraulic relief to the major sewers downstream.
It is the oldest wasteater facility in Los Angeles, containing technological innovations to recover wasterwater resources used for energy and agricultural purposes. This plant utilizes full secondary treatment and biosolids handling, and biogas generation. It creates over 500 tons of biosolids for fertilizer to green acres farm , and 7.5 million cubic feet of biogas to convert into electricity.
RECYCLED WATER IN 2012 - 2013: RECLAMATION WATER TREATMENT PLANT
MGD MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
AFY (X1000) ACRE FEET PER YEAR
MGD MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
AFY (X1000)
PERCENTAGE
(%)
ACRE FEET PER YEAR
HYPERION
285
316
40
45
14%
D.C. TILLMAN
36
40
28
31
78%
L.A.G
16
18
4
4
26%
TOTAL
337
377
72
80
7
8
9
10
FINAL BOARD: MAPPING OF WORLD LOGISTICS
11
WATER USAGE PER REGIONS AND CITIES: COASTAL REGIONS
The inland regions in California use more water (in gallons) per day compared to the coastal regions. However, Vernon, a city next south of Los Angeles, uses over 94,000 gallons of water per day for its industries.
379
INLAND REGIONS
272
272
279
253
239 189
147
156
160
CENTRAL COAST
SAN FRANCISCO BAY
NORTH COAST
SOUTH COAST
SAN JOAQUIN RIVER
NORTH LAHONTAN
SOUTH LAHONTAN
TULARE LAKE
SACRAMENTO RIVER
COLORADO RIVER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
GALLONS
6 3 9
USAGE BY SELECTED CITIES WATER USAGE PER CAPITA IN GALLONS PER DAY
297 SACRAMENTO
-
183 CONTRA COSTA WATER DISTRICT
2 313 FRESNO
5 98 SAN FRANCISCO
76 WESTBOROUGH WATER DISTRICT
8 1
334 HILLSBOROUGH
736 PALM SPRINGS
7
144 SAN JOSE
10 152 LOS ANGELES
4 94,111 VERNON
12
ANNUAL SCHEDULE FOR CROP PRODUCTION:
MONTHS
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
VEGETABLE
BEANS BEETS BRUSSEL SPROUTS CABBAGE CARROTS CILANTRO CUCUMBER GARLIC KALE LENTILS LETTUCE ONIONS PEAS PEPPER POTATOES SPINACH SWEET CORN TOMATOES
PLANT AND NURTURE PERIOD HARVEST PERIOD
13
TYPICAL FOOD PRODUCTION PROCESS:
FOOD PRODUCTION
OFFSITE ACTIVITIES
TYPICAL PROCESS OF FARMING:
FERTILIZER PRODUCTION
PESTICIDE PRODUCTION
ONSITE ACTIVITIES LAND CLEARING
TILLAGE
LIVESTOCK OPERATIONS EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURE
REFRIGERATION
COOKING
CONSUMPTION
PROCESSING
TRANSPORT FERTILIZER USE PACKAGING
POWER GENERATION FOSSIL, FUEL, USE IRRIGATION
RICE CULTIVATION
FOOD LOSSES AND WASTE
PROPOSAL: ONSITE ACTIVITIES
14
POST HARVEST ACTIVITES
FOOD LOSSES AND WASTE
FOOD LOSSES AND WASTE
PROPOSAL: ONSITE ACTIVITIES
HUMAN WASTES
CROP RELATIONSHIPS AND PAIRINGS:
alliums (onions, garlic, chive, leek)
mint
beets/chard sage
hemp
fruit trees carrot
celery
basil
brassicas (broccoli, cabbage, bok choy, tatsoi) asparagus dill
nightshades (tomato, potato, peppers, eggplant)
pea
parsley
mustard rosemary
lettuce
oregano corn
fennel
marigold
radish
tarragon
cilantro spinach beans
amaranth
cucurbits (squash, cucumbers)
soybeans
sunflower
strawberry
15
INHABITANTS: MEMBERS OF SOCIETY: FOOD SERVICE WORKERS/VOLUNTEERS WATER MANAGEMENT PERSONALS PRODUCER FARM WORKER INDUSTRY WORKER
ANGELENO FARMERS MARKET VENDORS MANAGER
FAMILY
APARTMENT/HOUSING STAFF STAFF
APARTMENT/HOUSING STAFF
FOOD SERVICE WORKERS/VOLUNTEERS
TRANSPORTATION
WATER MANAGEMENT PERSONALS
PRODUCER ANGELENO
FARM WORKER INDUSTRY WORKER
FAMILY
FATHER MOTHER CHILDREN
FARMERS MARKET
16
ANGELENO
MANAGER / LANDLORD
TRANSPORTATION
APARTMENT/HOUSING STAFF
FARMERS MARKET VENDORS
ANGELENO
INDUSTRY WORKER
FARM WORKER
PRODUCER
WATER MANAGEMENT PERSONALS
FOOD SERVICE WORKERS/VOLUNTEERS
TIMES (ACCORDING TO ONE DAY)
DAILY WORK SCHEDULES:
9 PM
6 PM
3 PM
NOON
9 AM
6 AM
3 AM
INHABITANTS // WORKERS
17
CONCEPTUAL PRODUCTION CYCLE: WEEKLY
MICRO
PRODUCER
ANGELENO
DAILY
GROW
FARM WORKER
DAILY
MACRO
INDUSTRY WORKER
SEPERATE BUT COLLECTIVE
WEEKLY
18
MICRO
MICRO
MICRO
MACRO
MICRO
MICRO
MICRO
MICRO
NURTURE
NURTURE
SEASONAL
WEEKLY
MONTHLY
DAILY
HARVEST
PREPARE
PACKAGE
WEEKLY
DAILY
WEEKLY
WEEKLY
MONTHLY
TRANSPORT WEEKLY
DEPENDENCE
HARVEST FAMILY
FARMERS MARKET WEEKLY
(WEEKENDS)
PREPARE PACKAGE
SHARE
PHALANSTERE
LIVE
GROW 19
20
FINAL BOARD: DAILY LIFE OF A CROP
21
SEASONAL PRECIPITATION IN LOS ANGELES (2014)
3.6 IN
SPRING
0.14 IN
SUMMER
1.94 IN
FALL
9.25 IN
WINTER
0
2
4
6
8
10
RAINFALL (INCHES)
MONTHLY PRECIPITATION IN LOS ANGELES (2014)
3.12 IN
4
3
2
3.12 IN
1
0
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN AVERAGE RAINFALL
22
JUL
AUG
2014 RAINFALL
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
PROBABILITY OF PRECIPITATION: 25
FEB 20 23%
PERCENTAGE
(%)
20
DEC 31 18%
JAN 1 19%
LIGHT RAIN 10% APR 1 14%
15
DEC 1 8%
10
MODERATE RAIN 7%
5
HEAVY RAIN 7%
0
JAN
FEB
JULY 22 1%
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
MONTHS
DAILY HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURE COLD
90
WARM
COLD
JUL 2 79 F SEP 25 79 F
TEMPERATURE (FEHRENHEIT)
80
70
NOV 29 69 F
63 F
FEB 21 65 F
62 F
60
50 F
50
50 F
40 JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN DAILY HIGHS
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
DAILY LOWS
23
WIND DIRECTIONS OVER THE ENTIRE YEAR 10
PERCENTAGE
(%)
8
6
4
2
0
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
WIND DIRECTIONS
MONTHLY WIND SPEEDS IN LOS ANGELES (2014)
16
WIND SPEEDS (MPH)
14 12 10 DAILY MAX APR 11 8 MPH
8
DAILY MAX NOV 22 6 MPH
6 3 MPH DAILY MEAN
4
1 MPH DAILY MEAN
2 0
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
AVERAGE WIND SPEED
24
JUL
AUG
MAXIMUM WIND SPEED
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
DAILY HOURS OF TWILIGHT AND DAYLIGHT 24 H NIGHT
NIGHT
QUANTITY (HOURS)
20 H
16 H
12 H
JUN 20 14:26 H MAR 20 12:09 H
8H
SEP 22 12:07 H DEC 21 9:53 H
4H DAY
0H FEB
JAN
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
MONTHS
TWILIGHT AND DAYLIGHT SAVINGS TIME
NIGHT TIME DAYTIME
MIDNIGHT JUL 1 8:09 PM
NIGHT
DAILY TIME (HOURS)
8PM
NIGHT
MAR 11 DST
4PM
NOV 4 DST
NOON
DAY
8AM NOV 2 7:15 AM
4AM
JUN 10 5:41 AM
NIGHT
NIGHT
MIDNIGHT JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
MONTHS
25
SITE TO GROUND RELATIONSHIP:
SITE FREEWAYS BLOCKS STREETS
26
FIGURE/GROUND RELATIONSHIP:
SITE STREETS BUILDINGS BLOCKS
27
PRODUCE LOTS LOCATIONS:
SITE STREETS NONPRODUCE-RELATED BLOCKS PRODUCE-RELATED BLOCKS
28
EXISTING PRODUCE RELATED PROGRAMS: PRODUCE MARKETS AND FACILITIES FLOWER MARKETS RECYCLING CENTERS RESTAURANTS STORAGE CENTERS PRODUCE-RELATED BLOCKS NONPRODUCE-RELATED BLOCKS
29
BUILDING HEIGHTS:
30
8
FLOORS
7
FLOORS
6
FLOORS
5
FLOORS
4
FLOORS
3
FLOORS
2
FLOORS
1
FLOORS
URBAN CONTEXT RELATIONSHIP: FLOWER MARKET
YOUNG’S MARKET COMPANY
AMERICAN PRODUCE
SKID ROW HOUSE TRUST
7TH STREET PRODUCE MARKET LOS ANGELES WHOLESALE MARKET
COAST PRODUCE COMPANY
LA UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT
31
TRANSPORTATION: SITE
7t
h
ST
CENTRAL AVE
METRO LINE FREEWAY
h
8t
TRAIN ROUTES
ST
ALAMEDA ST
LOCAL STREETS
LA RIVER BUS STOPS
C
PI
M LY O VD BL
7th
ST
ALAMEDA ST
CE NT RA
L
AV E
8th
ST
32
OLYMPIC BLVD
SITE SQUARE FOOTAGE COMPARISONS:
PARK LA BREA APARTMENTS EXPOSITION PARK
THE GROVE UCLA
USC
LINKED HYBRID
UNIVERSAL STUDIOS PARK LA LIVE AND CONVENTION CENTER VANKE CENTER
LORENZO
SITE:
AMERICAN APPAREL FACTORY
1,755,390 SF
SOUTH COAST PLAZA
STAR APARTMENTS
33
34
35
36
FINAL BOARD: NEIGHBORHOOD INTERVENTION
37
FORMAL PARTI:
TYPICAL FARMING LAYOUT, ORGANIZED USING A GRID SYSTEM
38
TYPICAL HIGH-DENSITY AREA, LINEARLY ARRANGED ALONG AXIS SERVING AS STREETS OR PATHS, AND FILLED WITH SMALL POCKETS OF GREEN. ROOFTOPS ARE USED AS GARDENS TO MAXIMIZE SPACE
SHIFTING OF HOUSING BLOCK ORGANIZATOIN TO CREATE AUGMENTED COURTYARDS, RATHER THAN CREATING LINEAR OPEN SPACES. CONNECTION OF ROOFTOP GARDENS WITH GROUND FARMING THREEDIMENSIONALLY THROUGH USE OF AIR BRIDGES USE OF POTTERY OR PANELS TO CREATE GREEN FACADES
39
PROGRAM DIAGRAM:
40
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION:
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION:
41
CROP DISTRIBUTION:
42
43
EXISTING WAREHOUSE REHABITATION: SPATIAL VARIATIONS:
EXISTING WAREHOUSE: FORMAL OPERATIONS -
CUT AND COVER
CONNECT
CARVE AND CIRCULATE
SPATIAL CONNECTIONS:
GROUND: INT TO EXT CONNECTION 44
NATURAL GREENHOUSE AIR BRIDGES
OPERABLE FACADE
SUN STUDIES:
10 a.m.
noon
2 p.m.
4 p.m. 45
46
FINAL BOARD: PERSPECTIVE OF PHALANSTERE
47
50
GROW
51
52
SHARE
53
54
LIVE
55
UNIT AGGREGATION:
UNIT IS BASED OFF OF A 15’ X 25’ MODULAR VOLUME,
TO AGGREGATE: UNIT VOLUME IS STACKED UPON EACH OTHER AND OFFSETTED TO CREATE DOUBLE HEIGHT UNIT A: LOFT
SPACE LINKING LIVING AND SLEEPING AREAS
UNIT C: STUDIO
GHOSTED VIEW OF UNIT AGGREGATION
56
HOUSING COMPLEX CIRCULATION:
ENTRANCE VIEW:
UNIT B: 3 BEDROOM
UNIT C: STUDIO
ENTRANCE SEQUENCE (LOWER FLOOR)
UNIT A: LOFT
PLAN VIEW: ENTRANCE SEQUENCE
BALCONY VIEW:
SECTIONAL VIEW: ENTRANCE SEQUENCE
57
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC OF HOUSING COMPLEX:
wood railing
residential path
path structure
green trellis skin
unit trellis
aggregated housing block
elevator
synthetic greenhouse trellis
greenhouse egress
58
MACHINE FOR LIVING (HOUSING BLOCKS): total of 20 housing blocks each with 40 units: 24 lofts, 6 three-bedrooms, 10 studios dimensions: 40 ft (width) x 200 - 250 ft (length) x 60 - 70ft (height)
synthetic greenhouse
rooftop farming
extended greenhouse
photovoltaic panels
skip-stop circulation
59
60
FINAL BOARD: ENLARGED PLAN (1/8”TH SCALE)
61
62
FINAL BOARD: SECTION OBLIQUE OF ENLARGED PLAN
63
64
FINAL BOARD: AXONOMETRIC OF FARMER’S MARKET PLAZA
65
66
FINAL BOARD: TYPOLOGIES OF PHALANSTERE
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
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