Kerala Digest 2015 by Kerala Association of Greater Washington

11130 Fairfax Blvd # 303, Fairfax, VA 22033.

President's Message Arun Joe Zachariah

Four decades ago when the Kerala Association of Greater Washington was formally formed, the vision was to preserving, promoting and unifying the people of Kerala origin as a community with a sense of belonging. I am very excited to keep alive the vision and to continue the trend of excellence that our organization has presented to the community in the past. On the other hand, it is overwhelming and nerve-wracking to think about steering the wheels of such as massive, towering organization. With the changing paradigm of todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Malayalee community in the Greater DC area, a secular organization like KAGW finds itself in a crucial role in bringing the community together. I would also make use of this opportunity to request your continued support by attending all our events as well as providing constructive feedback. Your attendance is not only critical to have a successful event, but also helps build solidarity and camaraderie amongst the extended Malayalee family at your home away from home. Gaining inspiration from its proud and unparalleled history, KERALA ASSOCIATION OF GREATER WASHINGTON offers its choicest greetings to all Keralites and our well-wishers on the occasion of its 40th year ONAM celebration. Let us capture the spirit and all the joy of Onam that we all cherished for years.

Arun Joe Zachariah.

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

Editor's Message Dear friends and members of the Malayalee community, It was a great pleasure to serve on the Editorial Board on this important 40th anniversary of Kerala Association of Greater Washington (KAGW). As in every previous year, this association made great strides in providing meaningful support to the larger community, in no small measure due to the pioneering efforts of our esteemed members several decades ago, who had a vision and laid the very strong foundations on which this newer generation can continue to build and expand. Our Editorial team has attempted to incorporate insightful articles of non-fiction, along with notable and evocative literary and artistic creations of imagination, while at the same time offering a platform to voice diverse and thoughtful opinions on current issues and challenges. This year we also have the distinct privilege of publishing several powerful essays on various aspects of our ancient Indian heritage, written by a remarkable new generation of young Indian Americans. These essays are selected submissions from the DC Metro area to the essay competition organized earlier this year by the Kerala Hindus of North America (KHNA). I suppose we have every reason to believe that the more positive aspects of our rich and diverse culture will be preserved through them and the generations to come. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the contributors and advertisers for enriching this edition of our annual magazine, both in a literary and material sense. I sincerely hope our readers find what they so eagerly seek, namely, thought-provoking and informational content. And starting this year, we shall actively promote the individual contributions on social media, in order to reach a wider audience and provide greater exposure, especially to the younger generation of artists and writers. A special thanks to fellow Committee members and friends who helped in numerous ways to put together this Souvenir Kerala Digest publication. Wish you all a very Happy Onam! Warm regards, Dinesh Menon

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

Contents President's Message..

India's Contributions to the world

Editors Message..

Adisankaracharya

Executive Committee..

Life and Teachings of Sree Narayana Guru

Sankaracharya

Dhanasoora Karna

Arjuna - The Courageous Warrior

Ancient India's Contributions to the world

Martin Luther King Jr.

The History of the Internet

Wolves & # 1 Coach

tbmK

Karna - The Legendoay Hero

The Mark of a Greatman

We intend not to mourn for him...

The first step to solving India's waste issue

Pilgrimage trip to Himalayas

India The Good, Bad and the Ugly

s s I ° q e n A ∂ vR m s \ m c p { K m ‚ vP q d n ] n ≥ h n f n C S h g n I ƒ \ n e m a g I S e m k p t X m W n I ƒ t h \ ¬ \ £ { X w a m d p ∂ t h j ß ƒ ] p g b p s S t h \ ¬ ° m e w t U m . A e I vk m ≠ ¿ s ] m t ∂ m W w h c p s a ∂ p w \ j vS s ∏ ´ Z n h m k z ] v\ w { ] W b N n ¥ I ƒ i n Y n e a m b H m ¿ Ω I ƒ / Frail Memories

Contributions of Ancient India to the world ..

Yogasana

17 21

Where are you from

101

How to be successful in ....

103

Jindal -

105

Summer to Kerala

109

Cover Photo: Dinesh Menon Cover Design & Layout: Vimal, Dinesh Menon Layout: & Design Justin Printing & Prepress: Print House, Kongorppilly

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

Executive Committee President

Vice President

Secretary

Arun Joe Zachariah

Haridas Nambiar

Smitha Menon

Past President

Treasurer

Joint Treasurer

Thomas Kurian

Joint Secretary

Soumya Padmanabhan Reghu Nambiath

Shyamlee Ahmed Praveen Chandramohan

Long Range

Youth Club

President Elect 2015

Legal Advisor

Tax Advisor

Thomas Paul

Pious Thattassery

Youth Club

Talent Time Co-Ordinator

Rejive Joseph

Shaju Sivabalan

Namitha Rex

Philip Ipe

Seema Shankar

Talent Time Co-Ordinator

Cultural & Literary

Pioneers Club

Pence Jacob

Ravi Saraswathi

Nirar Basheer

Valsala Sekhar

Sindhu Thomas

Entertainment

Publicity

Saji Jose

Sushma Praveen

Joby Sebastian

Jenson Jose

Sandhya Lal

Womens Club

Technology

Anu Thampi

Rekha Nambiar

Lekshmi Sekhar

Arun Mohan

Jayasankar

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

Technology

Priyaroopan Karuthodiyil

Jobin Kuruvila

Membership

Rony Thomas

Vipin Raj

Reena Philip

Social Services and Special Events

Rinu Radhakrishnan

Sherli Nambiar

Finance

Madhusoodhana Nambiar

Binu Koshy

Fenil Mathew

Faizal Pakruddien

Manoj Valiyaveettil

Finance

Youth Liason and Sports

Sreekumaran Thampi

Binu Gopinath

Harish Kurup

Editorial Board

Youth Liason and Sports Youth Liason and Sports Youth Liason and Sports

Manu Somakumar

Shibu Samuel

Sabin Sundar

Dinesh Menon

Saju Thomas

Editorial Board

Membar at Large

Mary Paul (Mini)

John Koshy

Narayanan Valappil

Preethi Sudha

Suryaprakash

Membar at Large

Board of Advisors

Vison Palathinkal

Manoj Sreenilayam

Kutty Menon

Geetha Valiyil

Lakshmikutty Panicker

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

c P o h vt P m k ^ v s s I ° q e n s I m S p ° p ∂ X p w h m ß p ∂ X p w t e m _ n b n w K vF ∂ H m a \ t ∏ c n e p w X n c s ™ S p ∏ v i n £ m ¿ l a m W v. t I c f Ø n s e k ¿ ° m ¿ H m ^ o k p ^ ≠ n t e ° vF ∂ t ] c n e p w ` m h n b n ¬ e ` n ° m h p ∂ I f n ¬ t \ m ° p I p Ø n t ] m s e \ n ¬ ° p ∂ H c p a ™ ÿ m \ ß ƒ ° p w K h ¨ s a ‚ vt ] m f n k n s b t _ m ¿ U vC X vh m b n ° p ∂ ] e c p w I ≠ n c n ° p w . I m c y w k z m [ n \ n ° p ∂ X n \ p w t h ≠ n A t a c n ° b n ¬ \ S ∂ p I n ´ m ≥ C u t _ m ¿ U n s \ k m £ n b m ° n c m j v{ S o b ° m ¿ \ S Ø p ∂ ] n c n h p w s s I ° q e n b p s S s s I ° q e n s I m S p t ° ≠ n h ∂ h c m I p w \ n ß f n ¬ ] c n j vI r X t h j w B W v. N n e s c ¶ n e p w . C u t _ m ¿ U n ¬ ] d ™ I m c y ß ƒ i c n b m W vF ¶ n ¬ s h d p s X ] p e n h m ¬ ] n S n ° ≠ s s I ° q e n b p s S i c n s X ‰ p I s f ∏ ‰ n h n i I e \ w F ∂ vh n N m c n t ® m . s s I ° q e n s I m S p Ø vI m c y w s N ø m t \ m A X vC √ m X m ° m \ p ≈ a m ¿ § ß ƒ a p t ∂ m ´ v t \ S p ∂ n √ F ∂ I S p w ] n S n Ø w I m c W t a m H m ^ o k n ¬ s h ° m t \ m D ≈ H c p { i a w A √ C X v. F s ‚ a m k ß t f m f w I b d n C d t ß ≠ n h ∂ A \ p ` h w P o h n X Ø n e p ≠ m b N n e s s I ° q e n A \ p ` h ß ƒ D ≈ h c p w D ≠ m I p w \ n ß f n ¬ . ] ¶ p h b v° p I F ∂ H c p D t ± i w a m { X t a b p ≈ q . s s I ° q e n h m ß p ∂ X vH c p k m [ m c W I m c y a m b n ´ m W v C X n ¬ \ S ∂ k w ` h ß ƒ s s I ° q e n i n £ m ¿ l w a n ° h c p w I c p X p ∂ X v. H c p t I m S n c q ] b p s S B ° p ∂ X n \ va p ≥ ] v\ S ∂ X m W vF ∂ H c p a p ≥ I q ¿ s s I ° q e n C u A S p Ø I m e Ø vt I c f s Ø ] n S n ® p P m a y w F S p ° p ∂ p . A X n \ m ¬ Ø s ∂ C X vh m b n ° p ∂ I p e p ° n b X va d ° m d m b n ´ n √ . F √ m h c p w A t \ I w t ] m e o k p I m ¿ h n e ß p s a S p Ø p F s ∂ ] n S n ° m ≥ H c p t I m S n I ƒ h m ß p t º m ƒ H c p a { ¥ n H c p t I m S n A t a c n ° ≥ b m { X ° vC d ß n ] p d s ∏ t S ≠ F ∂ v h m ß n b X vA { X h e n b I m c y w B t W m H m ¿ Ω n ∏ n ° s ´ . t h W s a ¶ n ¬ \ n ß ƒ ° vR m ≥ H c p F ∂ m b n c p ∂ p ] e c p s S b p w N n ¥ . A t a c n ° ≥ b m { X s s I ° q e n B b n i c n b m ° n Ø c m w . \ n b a w h f s ® m S n ® p I m c y w t \ S m ≥ a m { X a √ \ n b a ] c a m b I m c y ß ƒ \ S Ø n ° n ´ m \ p w s s I ° q e n s s I ° p e n ° v{ ] m b ] c n [ n t b m ? s I m S p t ° ≠ A h ÿ b m W v. s s I ° q e n ° m c m b G b v. . . . . . . . , C √ . . . . . . s s I ° q e n b p s S H c p { ] [ m \ D t Z y m K ÿ s c \ n e ° v\ n ¿ Ø p w , F ∂ vh o º n f ° p ∂ { ] t X y I X A X vh m ß p h m ≥ { ] m b ] c n [ n C √ c m j v{ S o b ° m c p s S b p w R ß s f √ m w ] p W y h m ≥ a m c m F ∂ p ≈ X m W v. s I m ® p I p ™ p a p X ¬ a c W ° n S ° s W ∂ p w c m j v{ S o b ° m c m W vA g n a X n ° m s c ∂ v n ¬ I n S ° p ∂ h t b m h r ≤ \ vh s c A X vI n ´ p w . { ] J y m ] n ° p ∂ D t Z y m K ÿ c p s S b p w { ] I S \ ß ƒ b Z m b I s c s ° m ƒ A e v] w A [ n I m c w I q S p X e p ≈ F ∂ p w I m W m d p ≈ X m W t √ m . ÿ m \ Ø n c n ° p I b p w A X vh m ß m \ p ≈ B { K l w D ≠ m b n c n ° p I b p w s N b vX m ¬ a m { X w a X n . s s I ° q e n b p w A g n a X n b p w \ Ω p s S \ m S n s ‚ s N b vX p I n t ´ ≠ I m c y Ø n s ‚ { ] m [ m \ y w A \ p k c n ® p w ] p t c m K X n s b Ø s ∂ ] n t ∂ m ´ S n ° p ∂ n t √ F ∂ p w I n ´ p ∂ B f n s ‚ B { I m ¥ w A \ p k c n ® p w A X v ] e c p w ] c n X ] n ° p t º m ƒ C X vH c p B t K m f b t Y j vS w h m ß m w . { ] i v\ a m W vF ∂ p w C ¥ y b p s S a m { X w I m c y w A s √ ∂ p w a d p h m Z w D ∂ b n ° p ∂ h c p w D ≠ v. C u k w ` h w \ S ° p ∂ X vR m ≥ A © m w ¢ m k n ¬ T n ° p t º m ƒ B W v. R m ≥ ¢ m k n s e t a m W n ´ ¿ D s s { I \ n ¬ s s I ° q e n ° m c \ m b c m j v{ S o b ° m c s \] B b n c n ° p ∂ I m e w . t _ m ¿ U vX p S ® p s I m S p ° p I , P \ ß ƒ N h ‰ p s I m ´ b n ¬ F d n b p ∂ h o U n t b m Ã m ^ vd q a n ¬ \ n ∂ vk m ¿ F S p ° m ≥ a d ∂ I p d ® p \ m ƒ a p ≥ ] vk m a q l y a m [ y a ß f n ¬ k m [ \ ß ƒ F S p Ø p s I m ≠ vh c n I X p S ß n b { ] N c n ® n c p ∂ X v] e c p w I ≠ n c n ° p w . i n ∏ m b n ] W n I s f ° m ƒ B ÿ m \ Ø n s ‚

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

A [ n I m c w B W vA X n s ‚ { ] [ m \ B I ¿ j W w . t P m k n \ vt X m ∂ n . H c p a n ´ m b n F \ n ° vs h ® p \ o ´ n . k m ¿ ¢ m n ¬ C √ m Ø t ∏ m ƒ ¢ m k n s e A ∂ va p X ¬ H c p a m k t Ø ° vt P m k n s ‚ t ] c vA S n { I a k a m [ m \ ® p a X e t a m W n ´ ¿ ° vB W v. e n Ã n ¬ ÿ m \ w ] n S n ® n √ . ¢ m n ¬ k w k m c n ° p ∂ h c p s S t ] c vF g p X n k m d n \ v I m S n B b m e p w a q S n I p S n ° W w s I m S p Ø m ¬ e n Ã n ¬ D ≈ F √ m h ¿ ° p w A S n s s I ° q e n h m ß p ∂ X n \ vN n e N n ´ h ´ ß ƒ H s ° D d ∏ m W v. k p l r Ø p ° ƒ k w k m c n ® m ¬ I ≠ n √ F ∂ v D ≠ vF ∂ v] T n ∏ n ® X vF s ‚ k z t Z i s Ø a p ≥ k n ∏ ¬ \ S n ° m \ p w C j vS a n √ m Ø h ¿ k w k m c n ° t W m A ∂ v n ¬ U n w K vC ≥ k vs ] I vS ¿ B W v. R m ≥ B t e m N n ® m ¬ t ] m e p w t ] c vF g p X m \ p w k m [ y X _ © n \ o b d n w K vH ∂ m w h ¿ j w ] T n ° p ∂ p . R ß f p s S D ≈ X n \ m ¬ t a m W n ´ t d m S vA ¬ ] w _ l p a m \ t Ø m s S F D S a ÿ X b n ¬ D ≈ H c p ÿ e Ø vs N d n b H c p t j m ∏ v a m { X t a ] e c p w C S s ] S m d p ≈ q . _ n ¬ U n w K v] W n b p ∂ p . F © n \ o b d n w K vt I m t f P n ¬ t N ¿ ∂ n ´ vA [ n I w B b n s √ ¶ n e p w N o ^ v H c p Z n h k w C ‚ ¿ s h ¬ k a b Ø v¢ m n s ‚ F © n \ o b d n s ‚ K a b n ¬ R m ≥ B W v] W n ° v h c m ¥ b n ¬ \ n ¬ ° p t º m ƒ B W vt P m k vI p d ® p a ¬ t \ m ´ w h l n ° p ∂ X v. ] W n ] q ¿ Ø n b m b t ∏ m ƒ a n ´ m b n b p w B b n h c p ∂ X v. \ √ N p h ∏ vI S e m k n ¬t ÿ e w k µ ¿ i n ® v] W n h n e b n c p Ø n I w π o j ≥ s ] m X n ™ \ y p { S n ≥ t X ß a n ´ m b n . F s ‚ t ^ h d n ‰ v k ¿ ´ n ^ n ° ‰ vX c m ≥ _ n ¬ U n w K vC ≥ k vs ] I vS ¿ a n ´ m b n B W v. I ≠ n ´ vh m b n ¬ s h ≈ w D u d p ∂ p . Ø n . ] W n F { X \ ∂ m b n a m \ Z W vU ß ƒ ] m e n ® p ] s £ A h ≥ A X vB ¿ ° p w s I m S p ° m s X X \ n s bF ] q ¿ Ø n b m ° n b m e p w s s I a S ° p I n ´ m s X _ n ¬ U n w K v X n ∂ p I b m W v.s I m X n k l n ° m ≥ ] ‰ p ∂ n √ . a n ´ m b n ≥ k vs ] I vS ¿ t ] ∏ d n ¬ H ∏ n S n √ F ∂ X vA ß m S n h m ß m ≥ I ø n ¬ s s ] k C √ . A X n \ m b n h o ´ n ¬ C ] m ´ m W v. k ¿ ° m ¿ k vI q f n ¬ s l U va m k ‰ ¿ B b \ n ∂ p w I m i p w I n ´ n √ . F ¥ m b m e p w \ m W w s I ´ p F s ‚ ] n X m h n \ vs s I ° q e n s I m S p ° p h m \ p ≈ a S n t N m Z n ° m w F ∂ vX o c p a m \ n ® p . I m c W w _ n ¬ U n w K vC ≥ k vs ] I vS s d k p J n ∏ n ° p ∂ N p a X e F s ∂ G ¬ ∏ n ® p . t P m t k F \ n s ° m c p a n ´ m b n X c m t a m ? . . . t P m k v F s ∂ H ∂ vt \ m ° n . C √ F ∂ vs ] s ´ ∂ v C ≥ k vs ] £ ≥ I g n ™ vA S p Ø p ≈ h p U ve m ≥ U v ] d b m Ø X n \ m ¬ H c p { ] X o £ t X m ∂ n . t l m ´ e n ¬ \ n ∂ p w N m b b p w a k m e t Z m i b p w h m ß n I m S p Ø X n \ p t i j w _ m ° n b p ≈ I m c y ß ƒ \ o t a m W n ´ ¿ A s √ . F s ‚ t ] c vF g p X m X n c p ∂ m ¬s k w k m c n ° m w F ∂ vI c p X n . ] s £ F ß s \ I m c y w X c m w . A h X c n ∏ n ° m w F ∂ X m b n c p ∂ p k w i b w . a \ n ¬ H c p e Õ p s ] m ´ n b n √ . I m c W w A ∂ vB m b I p S n ° p ∂ X n \ n S b n ¬ N n e h o ´ p I m c y ß ƒ { ] t b m K w { ] m _ e y Ø n ¬ C √ .k w K X n s I m ≈ m a t √ m N ] d b m ≥ A t ± l w X ø m d m b n . A S p Ø I m e Ø v F ∂ vF \ n ° vt X m ∂ n . F ∂ m e p w H c p a n ´ m b n ° v s I ´ n ® b ® a I ƒ ° vH c p { ^ n U vP vh m ß n s I m S p ° m C { X b p w h n e t b m . H ∂ vt ] i n t \ m ° m w . H c p a n ´ m b n \ p ≈ X { X ∏ m S n \ n S b n ¬ B W vF ∂ v] d ™ t ∏ m ƒ X ∂ m ¬ H c p a m k t Ø ° vt ] c vF g p X n √ . i c n F s ‚ t P m e n F f p ∏ a m b n F ∂ va \ n e m b n . A X v k Ω X n ® p . F s ‚ { ] t ] m k ¬ \ y m b a m s W ∂ v

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

H c p t I m U v` m j B s W ∂ vB t c m ] d ™ p F ∂ m ¬ A X vh m l \ ß ƒ ° vh e t Ø m ´ vX n c n b m ≥ X ∂ n c p ∂ p . t h ≠ n I q S n b m s W ∂ v s X ‰ n ≤ c n ® p a p ≥ ] n ¬ I n S ∂ I m d p w R m \ p w h e t Ø m ´ vX n c n ™ p . \ n b a w s X ‰ n ® p k m ¿ C X vC c n ° s ´ , N m b I p S n I g n ™ v R ß ƒ h e t Ø m ´ vX n c n b p ∂ X vI ≠ p I p ] n X \ m b ] p d t Ø ° n d ß p ∂ X n \ n S b n ¬ I ø n e vN p c p ´ n h ® n c p ∂ t ] m e o k p I m c ≥ c ≠ p I m d p w X S ™ p \ n d p Ø n . A º X p c q ] A t ± l Ø n \ vs I m S p ° m ≥ { i a n ® p . B Z y w a p ≥ ] n ¬ D ≠ m b n c p ∂ I m d n \ p t I k vN m ¿ P v A t ø m t a m ≥ F ¥ m C u s N ø p ∂ X v. A X vI ø n ¬s N b vX X n \ p t i j w F s ‚ A S p ° s e Ø n . R m ≥ s h ® n ´ vC ß vh c q . . . . F \ n ° p ≠ m b s X ‰ n ≤ m c W G ‰ p ] d ™ v£ a t N m Z n ® vk m d n \ vt h ≠ X vs N ø m w F ∂ v] d ™ p . t h ≠ X vs N ø m w F ∂ t I m U vh m ° vt I ´ t M . . . I m i p t h ≠ ∂ m t W m ] d b p ∂ X v. a \ n ¬ H c p t ] m e o k p I m c ≥ I m d n s ‚ A I Ø p I b d n C c p ∂ p . e Õ p s ] m ´ n . . . . . b n √ . I m c W w A ∂ p w B { ] t b m K w { ] m _ e y Ø n ¬ B b n ´ n √ . " "X \ n ° vF ¥ m t P m e n ? . . . . . . A t ± l w F s ∂ I ø n ¬ ] n S n ® vt l m ´ ¬ C c n ° p ∂ s I ´ n S Ø n s ‚ a p I f n e s Ø \ n e b n t e ° v "R m ≥ H c p F © n \ o b ¿ B W vC h n s S H c p s I m ≠ p t ] m b n . \ S I f p s S ] m X n t b m f w I b d n b n ´ p H m ^ o k n ¬ t P m e n s N ø p ∂ p . " R m ≥ ] d ™ p . A t ± l w ] d ™ p C h n s S \ n ¬ ° m w . ] n s ∂ D S p Ø n c p ∂ s h ≈ a p ≠ n s ‚ X p º vC S X p s s I k m ¿ F √ m h c p w { S m ^ n ° v\ n b a ß ƒ ] m e n ® m ¬ s I m ≠ vD b ¿ Ø n h e X p s s I A X n s ‚ A S n b n ¬ R ß ƒ ° vI m c y ß ƒ F f p ∏ a m I n t √ ? { S m ^ n I v s h ® p . C \ n X t ∂ m f q . \ n b a ß ƒ ] m e n t ° ≠ X n s ‚ B h i y I X s b ∏ ‰ n F t ∂ m S v] d b p ∂ X n \ n S b n ¬ R m ≥ H c p A º X p c q ] R m ≥ I ø n e vN p c p ´ n ] n S n ® n c p ∂ A º X p c q ] B t \ m ´ vt ] m e o k p I m c \ v\ e vI n . I m i vh m ß n I ø n e vs h ® p s I m S p Ø p . I m i p h m ß p ∂ X n \ n S b n ¬ ] m ‚ vk n s ‚ t ] m ° ‰ n ¬ \ n t £ ] n ® p A t ± l w A t ± l w ] d ™ p I m S n B b m e p w a q S n I p S n ° W w ] p d Ø n d ß n . F ∂ t √ { ] a m W w . ] n s ∂ B I m i p j ¿ ´ n s ‚ t ] m ° ‰ n ¬ \ n t £ ] n ® p . I m ¿ a p t ∂ m ´ vF S p ° m ≥ X p S ß n b F s ∂ A t ± l w h o ≠ p w X S ™ p \ n d p Ø n . C \ n b p w I m i v A t ± l w a m \ y ≥ B b X n \ m t e m k ¿ ´ n ^ n ° ‰ v s I m S p t ° ≠ n h c p w F ∂ vI c p X n t ] g vk n ¬ \ n ∂ p w h m ß m ≥ h c p t º m ƒ ] n S n ° m a t √ m F ∂ s s [ c y w h o ≠ p w I m i vF S p ° m ≥ X p S ß n b F t ∂ m S vA e v] w D ≈ X n \ m t e m F { X c q ] B W vI n ´ n b X vF ∂ v ] c n { ` a t Ø m s S A t ± l w ] d ™ p , "k m ¿ R m ≥ t \ m ° m s X X s ∂ A t ± l w ÿ e w h n ´ p . s s I ° q e n h m ß p ∂ B f vA √ . C u t P m e n F s ‚ t N m d vB W v. k m ¿ H c p \ √ B f m W v. k m d n s ‚ I ø n ¬ X n c n ® p I n ´ n b s s I ° q e n \ n ∂ vR m ≥ I m i vh m ß n √ . " s I m S p Ø s s I ° q e n X n c n ® p I n ´ p I t b m ? A X p w I m c y w k m [ n ® p X ∂ X n \ p t i j w A k m [ y w . . . F ∂ m I p w \ n ß f n ¬ ] e c p w C t ∏ m ƒ ] d b p ∂ X v. A ß s \ D ≈ H c p k w ` h w B I s ´ C \ n . ] T \ Ø n \ p t i j w F d W m I p f Ø va m t \ P vs a ‚ v I ¨ k ƒ ´ ‚ vB b n t P m e n s N ø p ∂ I m e w . F f a ° c b n ¬ B W vX m a k w . H c n ° ¬ e n n t l m k v] n ‰ e n ¬ I n S ° p ∂ H c p _ ‘ p h n s \ k µ ¿ i n ® X n \ p t i j w I m d n ¬ h o ´ n t e ° p t ] m I p I b m W v.

F ¥ m W vk w ` h n ° p ∂ X vF ∂ vk w i b n ® v C c n ° p t º m ƒ A t ± l w X p S ¿ ∂ p "k m ¿ F © n \ o b ¿ B s W ∂ t √ ] d ™ X vF \ n ° vh o S n s ‚ H c p π m ≥ h c ® p X ∂ m ¬ a X n . A X n \ p t h ≠ I m i p w R m ≥ X t ∂ m f m w . " A t ± l w h o ≠ p w I m d n ¬ I b d n C c p ∂ p .

t ] m ° ‰ n ¬ \ n ∂ vH c p c ≠ m b n a S ° n d ∫ ¿ _ m ≥ U v C ´ p s h ® n c p ∂ H c p h e n b t \ m ´ vs I ´ p F S p Ø p . s h { ] m f t Ø m s S A X n ¬ \ n ∂ p w \ q d n s ‚ H c p t \ m ´ v F \ n ° vF S p Ø p X ∂ n ´ vs ] s ´ ∂ vI m d n ¬ \ n ∂ v C d ß n ÿ e w h n ´ p . e n n t l m k v] n ‰ ¬ t d m U n ¬ \ n ∂ p w h e t Ø m ´ v X n c n ™ p I e q ¿ ` m K t Ø ° m W vF \ n ° vt ] m t I ≠ X v. "A t ø m R m ≥ A º X p c q ] s b X t ∂ m ≈ q . " F ∂ v F ∂ m ¬ A h n s S s s d ‰ vt S ¨ A \ p h Z \ o b a √ . ] d s ™ ¶ n e p w A X vt I ƒ ° m ≥ B t ] m e o k p I m c ≥ h m l \ ß ƒ C S t Ø m ´ vX n c n ™ p t \ m ¿ Ø v A h n s S \ n ∂ n √ . _ m ° n π m ≥ h c ° m \ p ≈ H m h ¿ { _ n U vP n \ p A S n b n e q s S b p t S ¨ F S p Ø vI e q ¿A U z m ≥ k vB t W m F ∂ k w i b t Ø m s S R m ≥ ` m K t Ø ° vt ] m I W w . h o ´ n t e ° vb m { X b m b n . R m ≥ P w K vj \ n ¬ F Ø p t º m ƒ a s ‰ m c p I m ¿ F s ‚ s s I ° q e n B b n s I m S p Ø I m i vH c p a n \ n ‰ n \ p ≈ n ¬ a p ≥ ] n ¬ X n c n b m ≥ D u g w I m Ø p I n S ° p ∂ p ≠ v. C c ´ n B b n X n c n ® p I n ´ n b t ∏ m g p w F s ‚ a \ n ¬ H c p A t ∏ m g m W vA h n s S \ n ∂ t ] m e o k v{ S m ^ n I vX S ™ p e Õ p s ] m ´ n . . . . . b n √ . I m c W w A ∂ p w C u { ] t b m K w \ n ¿ Ø n t d m U va p d n ® p I S t ° ≠ B f p I ƒ ° v { ] m _ e y Ø n ¬ B b n ´ n √ . k u I c y w s N b vX p s I m S p Ø X v. e Õ p s ] m ´ ¬ H c p \ y q s P \ t d j ≥ k w ` h w A s √ . . . . .

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

a [ p c w i n h -c m -P ≥ A t a -c n -° ¬ ] u c X z w e ` n ® ] e C ¥ y -° m c p w B b n -° -g n -™ -t ∏ m ƒ B g vN -I f p w a m k -ß f p w h o ´ n -s e P p d n U y q ´ n s N ø p I k m [ m -c -W -a m -W v. F \ n ° p w ] eØ m ≥ k m [ n -° m s X h ∂ A Ω -a m -c p -≠ v. B c p w A d n X h W A Ø c w D Ø -c h vI n ´ n -b n -c p -∂ p . A h -s b m s ° b m s X c l -k y -a m b n t l m ´ -e n ¬ \ n ∂ p w t l m ´ -e n -t e ° v k t ¥ m -j -t Ø m s S k z o I -c n ® p H m t c m N p a -X -e b p w X m a k w a m t ‰ ≠ n h ∂ n -c p ∂ I Y -I ƒ t ] S n -∏ n -° p -∂ -h B t h -i -t Ø m s S G s ‰ -S p Ø p \ S -Ø n -b -t ∏ m ƒ b m -b n -c p -∂ p . I p ‰ -h m -f n -I -f p s S k l m -b n -I ƒ i ‡ ¿ A ` n -a m -\ -a m -b n -c p -∂ p . P p d n B I p -s a ∂ p A Ω -t b m S v B s W -¶ n ¬ A ] -I -S -k m -[ y X G d p w . H c p Z n h k w ] d -™ -t ∏ m ƒ H m t c m I m c y h p w h n i -Z -a m b n H m ^ o -k n ¬ \ n ∂ p w R m s \ m ∂ p s s h I n F Ø n -b m ¬ A d n -b m -\ p ≈ B I m w £ I m ´ n . \ n b a w ] T n ® k z ¥ w t ] m e p w t h h -e m -X n -s ∏ -S p ∂ F s ‚ h o ´ p -I m s c P q d n k t l m -Z -c ≥ C h n -S p s Ø P p d n -b p s S k z m X -{ ¥ y h p w B I m ≥ ] ‰ n √ F ∂ X o c p -a m \ w k Ω -X n -∏ n -° m ≥ h f s c A [ n -I m -c -] -c n -[ n b p w H s ° C ¥ y -b p -a m b n F f p -∏ -a m -b n -c p -∂ p . X m c -X -a y -s ∏ -S p -Ø p -t º m ƒ h f s c h y X y k vX w B s W ∂ v h m b n ® p a \ - n -e m -° n -b n -c p -∂ p . F s ‚ { K m a -Ø n ¬ t I m S -X n -b n s e D Ø -c -h p -a m b n R m ≥ F s ‚ \ n ∂ p w A t a -c n -° -b n -t e ° vR m ≥ I p S n -t b -d n -b -t ∏ m ƒt a e -[ n -I m -c n s b k a o -] n -® p . t P m e n -b n ¬ Z n h -k h p w D ≈ X s ∂ F s ¥ m c p k m l -k -Ø n -\ m W va p X n ¿ ∂ -s X ∂ N p a -X -e -I -f n ¬ \ n ∂ p w H g n ™ p \ n ¬ ° m -\ m -h n √ a ´ n -e m -b n -c p ∂ p ] e c p w N n ¥ n -® -X v. G s d \ m f m b n \ m S v F s ∂ -g p X n X c p w A X m -b n -c p ∂ p F s ‚ { ] X o £ . h n ´ n -s ´ -¶ n e p w t I c -f -k w -k vI m c w a p d p -s I -∏ n -S n ® p P o h n ® F ∂ m ¬ { K m ‚ vP q d n B b n { ] h ¿ Ø n -° p I F ∂ X v F s ∂ -t ∏ m -s e -s b m c m ƒ F s ¥ m -s ° t b m F { X t b m h e n -s b m c p c m P y -t k -h \ w B s W ∂ v [ o c -I r -X y -ß -ƒ I m ´ p -∂ p F ∂ -X p -t ] m -s e -b m W vC u A t ± l w N q ≠ n -° m -´ n . C s X -ß s \ k m [ n -s ® -S p Ø p I m c y -ß ƒ A h ¿ t \ m ° n -° -≠ -X v. X \ n s b H c p F s ∂ m c p t N m Z y h p w ˛ t I m S -X n -b p s S D -Ø -c h v _ p -b m { X t ] m e p w s N ø m ≥ k Ω -X n -° m s X A \ p -k -c n -° m ≥ \ m w F √ m -h c p w _ m [ y -ÿ -c m W v ] c n -c -£ n ® p h f ¿ Ø n b s ] ¨ I p -´ n b v° vC X m G s d F ∂ -X n -\ m ¬ X o ¿ ® -b m b p w t ] m I W w F ∂ v s s [ c y w s s I h -∂ n -c n -° p -∂ p . k µ ¿ ` -Ø n -\ -\ p -k -c n ® v k vt \ l -] q ¿ ∆ w D ] -t Z -i n -° p -I b p w s N b vX p . D b -c m ≥ \ a p -s ° √ m w i ‡ n X c p -∂ X v\ Ω p s S ] q ¿ ∆ n -I ¿ s N b vX ] p W y h p w A — -\ -Ω -a m -c p s S { K m ‚ vP q d n B b n t k h \ w A \ p -j vT n ° m w \ n c -¥ c w D ≈ { ] m ¿ ∞ -\ b p w H s ° B I m w . A ] -I S w F s ∂ -g p -X n -s ° m -S p -Ø p . A S p Ø a q ∂ p -a m -k h p w \ n d ™ A h -k -c -ß -f n ¬ A X n ¬ \ n ∂ p w B g vN -b n ¬ a q ∂ p Z n h k w h o X w B h e n b l m f n ¬ c £ n -° p -∂ X p w A h -c p s S { ] m ¿ ∞ -\ -I ƒ X s ∂ F ∂ p w H t c I t k -c -b n ¬ C c p ∂ p F { X t b m h e n -b X p w F ∂ -X n ¬ k w i b w t h ≠ . s N d p X p w B b X o c p -a m -\ -ß ƒ F S p -Ø p . . . . ] e -t ∏ m g p w I Æ v\ n d -™ p . A ∂ s Ø I m g vN -I f p w A \ p -` -h -ß f p w A t a -c n -° ≥ ] u c X z w I n ´ n -b n ´ vG X m ≠ v a d -° m -\ m -h m Ø ] m T -ß ƒ ] T n -∏ n -® p -X -∂ p . B a q ∂ p 2 0 h ¿ j -ß ƒ I g n -™ -t ∏ m ƒ B W v{ K m ‚ vP q d n B b n a m k -° m e w F ∂ p w k z P o -h n -X -Ø n ¬ \ n ∂ p X s ∂ t k h \ w A \ p -j vT n -° m -\ p ≈ D Ø -c h vt I m S -X n -b n ¬t h d n -´ p -\ n ¬ ° p -∂ p . \ n ∂ p w F s ∂ t X S n F Ø n -b -X v. _ l p -a m -\ y -\ m b t a b ¿ a m c n -b ≥ _ m c n -b p s S t I k n ¬ \ o ≠ -I m e w G s d h ¿ j -ß ƒ H t c H m ^ o -k n ¬ t P m e n P q d n B b n { ] h ¿ Ø n ® H c p k l -{ ] -h ¿ Ø -I -b p s S s N b vX -X n -\ m ¬ ] c n -N -b -° m c p w I q ´ p -I m c p w H s ° -b m b n I Y -I ƒ t \ c s Ø t I ´ n -c p -∂ p . A X n -\ m ¬ { K m ‚ v I p s d t ] c p -≠ m -b n -c p -∂ p . h o ´ n -t e X p t ] m s e X s ∂ P q d n -b p s S N p a -X e G s ‰ -S p -° m ≥ _ p ≤ n -a p -´ m -s W ∂ v k vt \ l h p w k t ¥ m -j h p w \ n d ™ H c p ÿ e w F g p X n A b ° p w F ∂ vX p S -° -Ø n ¬ X s ∂ B b n -c p ∂ p R ß -f p s S H m ^ o -k p w . t P m e n -b n ¬ \ n ∂ p w X o c p -a m -\ n -® p . X n c n -s ® -Ø n -b m ¬ A h ¿ ] d ™ I Y -I ƒ R m ≥ h o ´ n ¬ ] d -b p w . H m ^ o -k n ¬ B s W -¶ n ¬ A h -k c w I p g ∏ w ] n S n ® N n e t I k p -I -f n ¬ P q d n I n ´ n -b -t ∏ m -ƒ F √ m w t I c -f -s Ø -° p -d n ® vA h ¿ ° v

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

I Y -I ƒ ] d -™ p -s I m -S p -Ø p -t ] m -∂ p . a m X m -] n -X m -° ƒF ¶ n e p w H ∂ p w ] d -b m ≥ k m [ n -® n -√ . \ n b a w a ° ƒ ° m b n h n h m -l m -t e m -N \ \ S -Ø p ∂ A \ p -h -Z n -® n -c p -s ∂ -¶ n ¬ t ] m e p w A s X m ∂ p w c o X n -I -s f -° p -d n ® vA h ¿ ° vH c p -] m S vt N m Z y -ß ƒ B c p -a m b p w N ¿ ® s N ø m -h p ∂ h n j -b -ß ƒ D ≠ m -b n -c p -∂ p . k X y -k -‘ -a m b n X s ∂ R m ≥ B b n -c p -∂ n -√ . t e m I m k a k vX m k p J n t \ m ` h ¥ p F t ∏ m g p w a d p -] -S n -I ƒ \ e vI n t ] m ∂ p . h n h m -l -Ø n \ v F ∂ va m { X w B { K -l n ® p s I m ≈ s ´ ! a p t º H c n -° ¬ t ] m e p w X Ω n ¬ k w k m -c n -® n -´ n -√ m Ø h c \ p w h [ p h p w h n h m -l n -X -c m b k z ¥ w I Y ] d -™ X v P p d n U y q ´ n -° n -S -b n ¬ H ∂ p -c ≠ p A h ¿ h o ≠ p w h o ≠ p w t I ƒ ° m ≥ B -{ K -l n -® p . a ‰ p a m k -ß ƒ s I m ≠ vI p d ® p k vt \ l n -X -I s f R m ≥ ] e -t c m S p w A h ¿ R m ≥ ] d ™ C u I m c y -ß ƒ A h n s S I s ≠ -Ø n . H c p -Z n -h k w N ¿ ® s N ø m ≥ ] d -b p -a m -b n -c p -∂ p . ] h n -{ X -a m b H c p h n h m -l -_ ‘ w t ] m I p ∂ I p ‰ -h m f n ÿ e -s - Ø -Ø p ∂ p F ∂ -d n -™ p . A h -c n ¬ ] e c p w k z ] v\ w I ≠ p X p S ß n F ∂ vt X m ∂ n . F √ m -h c p w a p d n -° p -≈ n ¬ X s ∂ I g n -b -W w . F ¥ m W v C \ n H c p P ∑ w D s ≠ -¶ n ¬ A ß vt I c -f -Ø n ¬ A S p -Ø -X m b n k w ` -h n -° p I F ∂ -d n -b m s X I g n ™ P \ n -® m ¬ a X n F ∂ p -h -s c b p w N n e ¿ B i n -® p . \ n a n -j -ß ƒ . . . { I t a W I m c y -ß ƒ i m ¥ -a m -b n . k X y -Ø n \ p w \ ∑ b v° p w P n h -t \ -° m ƒ h n e I e v] n ®C u i z -c m -\ p -{ K l w s I m ≠ vH c p Z p c -¥ h p w B k a q l w C ∂ v\ n e -\ n ¬ ° p -∂ p t ≠ m k w ` -h n -° m s X R ß ƒ G h c p w h o ´ n -t e ° p F s ∂ -\ n -° -d n -b n -√ . B I m c y w R m ≥ A h -t c m S p t ] m I p -I b p w s N b vX p . ] d -b m ≥ h n ´ p -t ] m b n F ∂ -X m W vh m k vX -h w . . . . . c ≠ p -a m k w B b -t ∏ m -t g ° p w F s ‚ H m ^ o -k n s e t P m e n s I ´ n -° n -S -° m ≥ X p S -ß n . A ß s \ D √ m -k -I -c -a m b n P o h n -X -\ Z n F s ∂ P q d n B I m ≥ A b -t ° -≠ n -b n -c p -∂ n √ F ∂ p H g p -I n -s ° m -≠ n -c p -∂ -t ∏ m ƒ H c p X S w t ] m s e B b n t ] m e p w A h ¿ N n ¥ n -® p -X p -S -ß n . F \ n -° m -s W -¶ n ¬ F s ‚ { K m ‚ vP q d n B b p ≈ \ n b -a -\ w . A h n s S a t ‰ -s X m c p h n Z y m -e -b -Ø n ¬ \ n ∂ p w ] d -b p -∂ X p w t I ƒ ° p -∂ X p w H ∂ p w X s ∂ e ` n -° m -\ n -S -b n -√ m -Ø { X ] m T -ß ƒ a q ∂ p -a m -k -° m e w a s ‰ m -c n -S Ø p w ] d -b m ≥ ] m S n -√ . F ∂ p w s s h I o ´ v s I m ≠ v] T n -° m -\ m -b n . ] e X p w t h Z \ h o ´ n ¬ F Ø n -b m ¬ ] I ¬ \ S ∂ Z p : J I c -a m b \ n d -™ -X m -b n -c p ∂ p F ¶ n ¬ t ] m e p w A k p -e -` -a m b n I m c y -ß -s f -° p -d n ® vN n ¥ n ® p R m \ n -c n -° p w . a m { X w h o W p -I n -´ n b H c -h -k c w ] m g m -I m -X n -c p -∂ -X n ¬ H m ^ o -k n e p w B g vN -b n ¬ c ≠ p Z n h -k -ß ƒ s N ∂ v A X n -b m b N m c n -X m ¿ ∞ y w D f -h m -b n . t ] m ‰ Ω B b I S -∂ p -t ] m b Z n h -k -ß f n s e h n t i -j -ß ƒ H ∂ p w A t a -c n -° s b t k h n -° m ≥ e ` n ® A h -k c w ] d -b m s X a n ≠ m -X n -c p -∂ p . { ] t b m -P -\ -s ∏ -S p -Ø n -b -X n e p w A X n -b m b k t ¥ m j w t X m ∂ n . a \ - n ¬ B s W -¶ n ¬ H c p I S ¬ C c -º p -∂ -X p -t ] m s e H m ¿ Ω -I ƒ X n ß n \ n d -™ p -\ n -∂ p .

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

P n P n ≥ a p ≠ q ¿

G t X m s ] ´ n -b n ¬ a o \ -® q S vA S -b n -c n -° p -∂ p -≠ v. N { I -h m -f -Ø n ¬ k q c y ≥ D Z n -® p -b -c m ≥ s h º n c m h n s e A — s ‚ X n c p -º -e n -\ n -S -b n ¬ i ‡ -a m b H c p \ n ¬ ° p -t º m ƒ N n X ¬ h o g m ≥ I m Ø p -I n -S -° p ∂ c p ] p k vX -I h p w I q s S F S p Ø p a d n ® p t \ m ° n . { ] t b m -K w . “\ m s b , B a p I -f n ¬ I n S -° p ∂ \ n s ‚ H D c p -∏ -S n -I ƒ F √ m w F S p Ø p a m ‰ n -t ° m , R m ≥ s N ø p w a \ vF ∂ X vk ¶ ¬ ∏ t a m , b m Y m ¿ ∞ y t a m ? F ∂ vh n N m -c n -° -≠ -S m ”. A S p Ø h o ´ n s e F √ m -h ¿ ° p w A d n -b m s X A s X s ∂ H m ¿ Ω -I -f p s S E X p -] -I ¿ ® -I -f n R ß -f p s S k w ` m -j W w k p ] -c n -N n -X -a m -b -X p -s I m ≠ v t e ° v] n S n ® p h e n -® p . A s X , 1 0 ˛ m w X c w ` u X n I B c p w { i ≤ n ® p I m W n √ X o ¿ ® . i m k v{ X -Ø n s e s N b n ≥ d n b m -£ ≥ F ∂ ] m T -` m K w H f n -a -ß m s X I n S -° p -∂ p . A W p -t _ m w _ n s ‚ k n ≤ m I g n ™ Z n h k w h o S n s ‚ a p I -f n s e j o ‰ p -I ƒ s Ø H c p 2 0 0 5 P \ p -h c n a m k -Ø n s e s h ≈ n -b m g vN F √ m w A g n ® p . a s ‰ m -∂ n \ p w A √ , F s ∂ , A Ω ¥ a p c -f n -a m j vF S p -Ø -X n s ‚ _ l n -j vk v] p -c -W -ß ƒ F s ‚ ] d b p w t ] m s e “a p I -f n -t e ° vB ´ n X √ m ≥ c ≠ va p d n \ - n ¬ a m d m e ] n S n -° m s X X s ∂ I n S -° p -∂ p . I ƒ F S p -° p -∂ p ”. a m d m e ] n S n -® X p w N n X ¬ h o g m ≥a s h º p -∂ -X p -a m b H m ¿ Ω -I -f p s S N n e X p ≠ p -I ƒ H m ¿ Ω -b p s S X f n ¿ Ø I m ‰ n e p w a o \ -® q -S n e p w A h n s S ] e s ] ´ n -I -f n e p w D d ß n ° n S -° p -∂ p -≠ v. ] e s ∂ h o ≠ p w H m t c m ] p k vX -I -ß ƒ F S p -° m ≥ t { ] c n t ∏ m g p w A e -k X F s ∂ ] n ≥ X p S -c p -∂ -X n -\ m ¬ R m ≥F ∏ n -° p -∂ p . N n X -d n -° n -S -° p ∂ s ] ´ n -b n ¬ \ n ∂ vF S p Ø A s X m ∂ p w ` m h n -b n s e H m ¿ Ω -I -f n s e ` m c -ß -f n -t e ° p A S p Ø ] p k vX -I -Ø n ¬ t h ´ m -f m ≥ I q S vI q ´ m ≥ X p S N p a -° m ≥ I q ´ m -° m -d n -√ . ß n -b n -c n -° p -∂ p -≠ v. ] p k vX I w B ™ -S n -® m ¬ A X n s e t ] P p I ƒ s ] m S n ™ p t ] m I p w . t h ´ m f s ‚ I q S n s \ ] s £ A Ω -b p s S { ] t b m K w F s ∂ ` b -s ∏ -S p R m ≥ \ i n -∏ n -® n -√ . A h -c -d n -b m s X B Z y t ] P va d n -® X p w Ø n . a s ‰ m ∂ p w s I m ≠ -√ , h o S n -\ p -a p -I -f n -e p ≈ B s ] ´ n A X n ¬ F s ‚ t ] c p w N c n { X w F ∂ h n j b w F g p -X n a p g p -h ≥ E X p -° -f p s S h y X n -b m \ w t ] m s e C S -b v° n b X p w \ n d w -a -ß n -I n -S -° p -∂ p . B a ¨ ] p -‰ n ¬ t i j n -® n S s ° F Ø m -d p ≈ “] g b t ] ∏ ¿ , I m e n ° p -∏ n , ´ p ≈ X v 1 0 a p ≠ q ¿ s s l k v ° q ƒ F ∂ p a m { X w . π m Ã n ° vk m [ -\ -ß ƒ s I m S p -° m -\ p -t ≠ m . . . ? ” F ∂ p h n f n ® p ] d ™ p h c p ∂ B { I n -° m -c \ vB s ] ´ n -b n s e ] X p s ° A S p Ø t ] P vX p d -∂ X p w H c p F s ‚ H m ¿ Ω I s f X q ° n h n ¬ ° p t a m F ∂ t ] S n . I c n s I m ¿ Æ \ n ¬ ° m s X ] c ° w ] m b p -∂ p . ] m T w G X m s W ∂ v F g p X m ≥ A ∂ p w , C ∂ p w A ® S ° w A Ω -b p s S h m ° p -I s f ` b -∂ -X p -s I m -≠ m h m w X o s c -b n -√ m Ø F \ n ° vt \ m ´ p -] p -k vX -I -Ø n ¬ i o X N m S n H m S n a p I -f n ¬ s N ∂ vs ] ´ n X p d -∂ p . A X n ¬ H c p p ≤ w F ∂ X e -h m -N I w a m { X w F g p X n -b n -c n -° p -∂ p . ] m S vt \ m ´ v] p k vX -I -ß f p w s d t ° m ¿ U p -I f p w h f ™ p b 1 0 F ^ n s e c m [ m I r j W ≥ a m j n s ‚ A √ a p ≠ q ¿ X n c n ™ p I n S -° p -∂ p . vI q f n s e ] e c p w H f n ™ p w s X f n ™ p w h n f n -° m -d p ≈ k v{ I m ∏ v_ p ° vt ] c p w t d m ƒ \ º ¿ 2 h n j b w k ] n i p ° ≥ a m j n s ‚ t \ m ´ p -] p -k vX -I -a m W vA X v. ] ≠ v a e -b m f w X p d ∂ p t \ m ° n -b -t ∏ m ƒ E X p -° -f n ¬ { ] n b -s ∏ F √ m A ≤ y m ] I c p w \ √ s N c p ∏ v h m ß p t º m ƒ ´ -h -f m b a g -b p s S h n h n [ ` m h -ß ƒ _ n . -F U v. t I m g vk n h m ¿ s N -c p ∏ va m { X w C S m -d p ≈ a m j n \ p I n ´ n b t ] c vH c n \ m b n s N b vX X vB ] p k vX I w a \ - n s \ B ¿ { Z -a m -° n . ° e p w t a m i a √ . N c n { X w ] T n ∏ n ® t ∏ m ƒ , F t ¥ m C ∂ -e -b p s S a ¿ Ω -c -ß ƒ F ∂ n ¬ s ] b vX n -d -ß n . A h s f A X n \ vH c p ] n i p ° p w R ß -t f m S vI m ´ n b H m ¿ Ω b p w R m ≥ A e -k -a m b n C ´ n -c n -° p -∂ -t √ m F t ∂ m ¿ Ø -t ∏ m ƒ C √ . _ n . -F -U v. ¢ m va p d n -b n s e t c W p I S o ® -d p s S ^ n t e m -k ^ n ¢ m k vs ] b vs X m -g n -b m Ø I p f n -c m b n a o \ -® q S vI \ -° m ≥ X p S -ß n , h o S n \ p ] p d Ø v N n ¥ s b B ¿ { Z h p w k m { µ -h p -a m -° p -∂ p . _ n . -F -U n s ‚ k p t c -´ ≥ F Ø n b t ] m s e -b p -≠ v. k p t c -´ ≥ a p ≠ q ¿ s d t ° m ¿ U p -I ƒ F √ m w a m ‰ n A ß vI n g -° ≥

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

vh t ∏ m ƒ , Z m £ n -W y -a n -√ m Ø I o g g -° -ß -f p s S t h e n -s ° "t " F k vI q ƒ s s { U h -d m W v. k X p -t b -´ m . . . ∂ h n f n ´ p -I -f n ¬ ] e X p w \ j vS -s ∏ -S p -Ø n -b -X n s ‚ A S -ß m Ø t I ´ X p w F \ n ° p a \ - n -e m -b n , k p t c -´ ≥ X s ∂ F ∂ v, t h Z -\ -I ƒ s I m ≠ p \ S -° p ∂ A — ≥ . Z m c n -{ Z y -a -m W p R m ≥ k p t c -´ s \ a p I -f n -t e ° vh n f n -® p . X n c p -Ω p -∂ -X n -\ n s ‚ P o h n -X -Ø n s ‚ K X n -a m -‰ n -b -s X ∂ vC t ∏ m g p w S -b n ¬ C X p -t I -´ -A — ≥ , "t h ≠ k p t c , A h \ v{ ] m ¥ m X T n ® p h n i z -k n -° p -∂ p . . . . . . . . . " "C √ t k X p -t h ´ m t \ m ° s ´ " F ∂ vk p t c -´ ≥ i \ b w h y ‡ -a m -° n . A — s ‚ h m ° p -I -f n ¬ H c p i o X -b p -≤ -Ø n s ‚ ¿ ∞ -c -l n -X -a m b a m s ‰ m -e n -I ƒ , H ∏ w N n X ¬ h o g m Ø R m ≥ A S p Ø ] p -k vX I w F S p -Ø -t ∏ m ƒ A N n e -k -X y -ß f p w X m t \ A S ¿ ∂ p h o g p -∂ -X m b n t X m ∂ n . A X n ¬ N n X ¬ C √ . H c p s ] m S n t ] m e p w h o W n -´ n -√ . h r Ø n -b m b t \ m ´ p -] p -k vX -I w , F s ‚ s s I ø -£ c w k p t c -´ ≥ \ n » -_ vZ -a m b n H c p U b d n h m b n -° p H g n ® p \ n ¿ Ø n -b m ¬ . ∂ X p R m ≥ { i ≤ n -® p . 1 9 8 9 s e U b d n B s W ∂ v X m ∂ p -∂ p . \ n i -_ vZ X ] e -b n -S Ø p w X f w -s I ´ n ] s £ B Z y w X s ∂ H c p ] n c n -t b m -U n -° ¬ t S _ n ƒt A — s ‚ h m ° n s ‚ { ] X n -[ z \ n A t ∏ m g p w a p g -ß p -∂ p h c ® p h -® n -´ p ≠ v. X p d -∂ X p w , I m W p -∂ X vF ® v ≠ m -b n -c p -∂ p . F t ∂ m S vH ∂ p w ] d -b m s X k p t c -´ ≥ s s l { U -P ≥ t S _ n -f n ¬ H ∂ m -a -X v. A t Ω . . . . !s I m ® p t I m W n -∏ -S n -I ƒ C d -ß n , H ∏ w B \ n i -_ vZ -X -b p w . t { X k y S o ® -d p s S t ] S n -∏ n -° p ∂ c k -X { ¥ H m ¿ Ω -I ƒ . k p t c ´ ≥ B s ] ´ n -b n ¬ \ n ∂ vH c p t ] ∏ ¿ F S p Ø p ] p k vX -I -ß ƒ a m ‰ n s h ° p -∂ -X n -\ n -S -b n ¬ h m b n -° p -∂ p . "\ o F g p -X n -b -X m t W m C X v. . . ? " "F ¥ v, R m ≥ B U b d n h m b n ® p t \ m ° n .1 9 8 9 a m ¿ ® v2 9 ¬ k p t c -´ m . . ? " h n I vt S m -d n -b ≥ s I a n k v{ S n e m _ n ¬ k p t c -´ ≥ H c p N p h ∂ \ m S s h ® X p s I m ≠ m h m w c k -a m -‰ -Ø n s ‚ { ] h ¿ Ø \ w \ S -° p -t º m ƒ ] p d Ø v R m ≥ U b d n F S p -Ø X p w A X vH ∂ vH m S n ® p h m b n C S -\ m -g n -I -f n ¬ P o h n -X -Ø n s ‚ c m k -a m ‰ w k z ] v\ w ° m ≥ { i a n ® p . I m W p ∂ F w . -S n s b I p d n ® vB t h -i -t Ø m s S R m ≥ ] d -™ p . "A s X k p t c -´ m , h n I vt S m -d n -b -b n s e 1 2 5 ˛ m w D b -c -Ø n s ‚ t K m ] p -c -h m -X n -e p -I -f n ¬ \ n ∂ v h m ¿ j n I h n j -b -Ø n s e t I m t f P va m K -k n -\ n -t e ° v R m ≥ ] e X h W \ n e w ] X n ® p . F ∂ n ´ p w F s ‚ a \ v B s I -b p ≈ H c p ] q ¿ ∆ h n Z y m ¿ ∞ n -b m b R m ≥ X f -c p -∂ n -√ . h o ≠ p w D b -c -Ø n s ‚ t K m ] p -c -h m -X n -e p -I ƒ \ ¬ I n b s N d n b t e J -\ -a m . !" R m ≥ t X S p -∂ p . P o h n X w H c p t K m Z -b m -s W -∂ p ] d ™ k p t c , a X n h m , B s N ° s ‚ X m f -Ø n -\ -\ p -k s l a n w -t K z -b p w , X I ¿ ® -I -f n -e q s S e £ y -ß ƒ I s ≠ c n ® vX p ≈ -≠ m . C u A £ c w s I m s ≠ m ∂ p w H c p Ø n b N c n { X ] p c p -j -∑ m c p w F s ∂ k z m [ o -\ n -® n -I m c y w C √ . X s ‚ { ] m b -Ø n ¬ \ ∂ m b n F g p -X n -b n ´ v c n ° W w . C ∂ vB c p a d n -b m s X R m ≥ t ] m e p w A d n A h m ¿ U vI n ´ n -b n ´ vA X p t ] m e p w h m ß m ≥ t ] m h m ≥ b m s X a \ vh o ≠ p w F t ß m t ´ m N m b p -∂ -X m b n h ≠ n I q e n C √ m s X \ S ∂ H c p I m e w D ≠ m -b n -c p ∂ p t X m ∂ p -∂ p . C √ , H c n -° e p w R m ≥ A X n -\ -\ p -h -Z n ° n √ , A — -\ v. F ∂ m e p w ˛ C ∂ vF \ n ° v\ n s ∂ \ j vS -a m -b X vR m ≥ s h d p w h ´ -∏ q -P y -a m -b X p s I m ≠ m W v, { ] n t b a m ∏ v. . . . ! I m e -Ø n s ‚ h c p w -h -c m -b vI -I -f n ¬ ] I ® p \ n ∂ -

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

C u h c n -I ƒ ° n -S -b n ¬ F s ‚ b p w k p t c -´ "a " F d n ´ -b ¿ s a ‚ vC √ m Ø h n f n m t j . . . s ‚ s ‚ b p w \ n » _ vZ X X f w -s I ´ n I n S -∂ n -c n -° -W w . \ n g ¬ D b -c -ß -f n -t e -° m t W m ? A √ A — -\ n -t e ° m t W m ? A √ B s ] ´ n -b n -t e -° m t W m t \ m ° p -∂ X v? "a X n , A s X m s ° s ] ´ n -b n -e n ´ vX m s g h m S m . . . . " \ n » -_ vZ X a m { X w . . . N c n -{ X -Ø n s ‚ t K m ] p -c -Ø n ¬ \ n ∂ vR m ≥ G W n -∏ -S n I ƒ C d -ß p -t º m ƒ k q c y ≥ D b ¿ ∂ p s ] m ß p -∂ p . a u \ R m ≥ ] { X w F S p Ø v{ ] m t Z -i n I t ] P vX p d -∂ a m b n X m s g k n ‰ u -´ n ¬ k p t c -´ ≥ t ] ∏ ¿ t \ m ° p -∂ p . t ∏ m ƒ A X n ¬ a p c -f n -a m -j p w , c m [ m -I r -j vW ≥ a m j p w , k p t c -´ s ‚ \ n g -e n \ p w F s ‚ \ n g -e n \ p w F t ¥ m a m ‰ w . s I m ® p -t { X k y m S o ® d p w a ‰ p w h n c -a n -® n -c n -° p -∂ -X n s ‚ h m ¿ Ø m N n { X w s I m S p -Ø n -c n -° p -∂ p . A t ∏ m g p w k a b w ] Ø p I g n -™ n -c n -° p -∂ p . a m t j ˛ { S m I vS ¿ ] p d Ø p \ n ¿ Ø n A b ¬ h m -k n -b m b i n t h -´ ≥ "a m t j . . " F ∂ h n f n { ] X n -[ z -\ n -° p -∂ -X m b n F \ n ° v A — s \ h n f n -° p ∂ p . k z ¥ w { S m I vS ¿ a W e p w I √ p w t X m ∂ n . A S n -° p ∂ A ` y -k vX y -h n -Z y -\ m b A b m ƒ A — -t \ m S p A S p -° -f -b n ¬ \ n ∂ p w A Ω -b p s S h n f n ] W w ] n c n -° p I ] X n -h m -W v. "H c p a n \ n -´ v, s s I I -g p -I "S m , \ n s ‚ t ^ m ¨ ; R m ≥ B I p ¥ w I p f -Ø n -t e s ´ . " X n c p -º p ∂ X n c -° n -e m -b n -c p ∂ A — ≥ I m i p s I m S p -Ø p . s ° -d n -b p w , I o I o \ n e -h n -f n ® p s I m t ≠ b n -c n -° p ∂ p . . . " C c p ≠ F s ‚ a p d n -b n ¬ \ n g -e p -I ƒ t ] m e p w H ∏ w C √ , R m ≥ a m { X w . t ^ m -W n ¬ s ^ b vk v_ p ° v "s a k -© -d n ¬ H c p s a t P vs ] b vX n -d -ß n -b n -c n -° p -∂ p . "C t ∏ m ƒ H ∂ p -a n -√ , s s h I o ´ vI m W m w t k X p a m t j , F s ‚ ] c o £ I g n ™ p C \ n F ∂ m W va m t j t h -´ m . . . " A — s ‚ s s ^ \ m ≥ k vÿ m ] -\ -Ø n s ‚ ] n c n -h p I m W p I ? A S p Ø h ¿ j w a m j vh c p t a m ] T n -∏ n I m -c -\ m b k p t c -´ ≥ h ≠ n Ã m ¿ ´ vs N b p -t ] m -b n . ° m ≥ . . . ? " "] s £ , a m t j " F ∂ h n f n -b p s S { ] X n -[ z \ n ] n ≥ h n -f n -b p s S I p f n -c p w , a o \ -® q -S n s ‚ I \ -e p w A t ∏ m g p w H c -] -{ i p -X n -t ] m s e F s ‚ a \ - n ¬ a p g -ß p t N ¿ ∂ v, h o S n \ p a p ∂ n s e s I m b vs X m -g n ™ i q \ y -a m b n ∂ p -≠ m -b n -c p -∂ p . ] m S -h -c -º n -e q s S I s Æ Ø m Z q c -Ø v, t X m ´ p h c -º n s e s s I s ] m -¥ -I ƒ s ] ø m Ø a g -b p s S h c h p w I m Ø p A — ≥ F ¬ . -] n . k vI q ƒ a m t j m , s s l k vI q ƒ n S -° p -∂ p . . . . . . . . . a m t j m , t I m t f P vs { ] m ^ -k t d m A √ . ] s £ 1 0 h ¿ I j s Ø S y q t ´ m -d n -b ¬ a m j m -b n -c p -∂ p . a e -b m f w a m j v. "k p t c , ] d . . "

Dr. P.C. Nair & Rajam Nair

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

j m P p t P m k ^ v

B ¬ _ \ n t d m U n -t e ° vX n c n -™ t ∏ m g m W v C S -X p -h -i s Ø s s k U vh y q a n d -d n ¬ B ‚ W n B s h f p Ø I m d n s \ B Z y w I ≠ -X vG I -t Z i w H c -º -X S n ] n d -I n ¬ , k ‘ y -b m -I p t ∂ D ≠ m b n c p -∂ p -≈ q F ¶ n e p w B I m d n s ‚ s l U vs s e ‰ vI Ø n -° n -S -∂ n -c p -∂ p . I Æ m -S n -b n ¬ A X n s ‚ { ] X n -^ e \ w B ‚ -W n ° v A t c m -N -I -a m b n t X m ∂ n . A ¬ ] -k -a b w I q S n ° g n ™ v I m d vl n ¬ h y q t d m U n -t e ° vI b -d n -b -t ∏ m -g m W v, B ‚ -W n ° vB I m d vX s ∂ ] n ¥ p -S -c p -I -b m t W m F ∂ k w i b w D ≈ n -e p -Z n -® -X v. k t µ -l n ® t ] m s e X s ∂ ] n ∂ n s e I m d p w l n ¬ h y q t d m U n -t e ° vI b -d n . I ≠ n ´ vt ] m e o k vI m d n s ‚ a ´ p w ` m h -h p -s a m -∂ p -a n √ . ] n s ∂ B c m -b n -c n ° p w X s ∂ ] n ¥ p -S -c p -∂ -X v. s s h I n -´ s Ø t P m e n -° m -c p s S X n c ° vG I -t Z i w I g n ™ t ] m s e { S m ^ n ° vH g p -I n -s I m -≠ n -c p ∂ p . B ‚ W n a \ -∏ q ¿ ∆ w h ≠ n -b p s S t h K X I p d ® vI m d v h e s Ø s s e \ n -t e ° vF S p -Ø p . X s ‚ s h d p w k w i -b -a m -s W -¶ n ¬ ] p d s I h c p -∂ X vB c m -b m e p w I b d n s ] m b vt ° m s ´ . X e -b p -b ¿ Ø n d n b ¿ h y q a n d -d n ¬ t \ m ° p -t º m ƒ , ] p d -I n s e I m d p w , C ≥ U n -t ° -‰ ¿ C ´ p . h e X p h i s Ø s s e \ n -t e ° p I b -d p -∂ p . A t ∏ m ƒ B t c m ] n ¥ p -S -c p ∂ X vX s ∂ , X o ¿ ® . B c m -b n -c n ° p w ? A ¬ ] w A I -s e -b m -b X p -s I m ≠ vs s { U h s d X n c n -® -d n -b m -s \ m -° p -∂ p -a n -√ . B ‚ W n B t e m -N n -® p -t \ m -° n -b n ´ v, ] c n -N -b -° m ¿ ° p w A Ø -c -Ø n -s e m c p I m d p -≈ -X m b n H m ¿ a h ∂ n -√ . A b m ƒ H c p ] c o -£ W w I q S n \ S -Ø m ≥ X o c p -a m -\ n -® p . l n ¬ h y q t d m U n ¬ t \ s c t ] m I p -∂ -X n \ p ] I c w A b m ƒ A S p Ø p I ≠ s N d n b t d m U n -t e ° p h ≠ n X n c n -® p . ] n ∂ m s e ] p d -I n -e s Ø I m d p w X n c n -™ p . "F ¥ m F ¥ p ] ‰ n ? \ a p ° p t \ s c -b t √ t ] m t I -≠ X v? " K o X k w i -b -t Ø m s S t N m Z n -® p .

B ‚ W n H c p \ n a n j w i ¶ n -® p . K o X -t b m S v] d -b t W m t h ≠ t b m ? ] m k -© ¿ k o ‰ n ¬ B I m w -£ -t b m s S A h -f p s S

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

h n S ¿ ∂ I Æ p -I ƒ , a n \ p - -a m ¿ ∂ a p S n -b n -g -I -f n ¬ A ¥ n K o X H c p \ n a n j w N n ¥ n -® p . ] n s ∂ I t k -c -b n ¬ s h -b n -e n s ‚ X n f -° w . K o X s b I m W p -t º m -s g m s ° \ n ∂ p w F W o ‰ p ] X p s ° B ‚ -W n -b p s S I q s S \ S -∂ p . ] q Ø p -e ™ I W n -s ° m ∂ I m W p ∂ I p f n ¿ a -b m -b n c p ∂ p A b m -f p s S a \ p a p g p -h ≥ . "I m s d √ m w U ¿ ´ n -b m -W v. " ] m k -© ¿ k o ‰ n s e a m K -k n ≥ k p w ] p k vX -I -ß f p w ] p d -I n s e k o ‰ n -t e -s ° -S p Ø p "A X v. . . ] p d -I n -t e t X m H c p I m ¿ ] n ¥ p -S -c p -∂ p t ≠ m h ® p B ‚ W n K o X ° vÿ e w B ° n s I m S p -Ø p . F s ∂ m c p k w i -b w . " "h e n b h m b -\ -° m -c -\ m -s W ∂ p t X m ∂ p -∂ -t √ m . " I m d ¬ ] w H m S n -I -g n ™ t ∏ m ƒ K o X ] p © n -c n ® p s I m ≠ p t N m Z n -® p . I m d n ¬ h f ¿ ∂ p -s I m -≠ n -c p ∂ A k p -J -I -c K o X X n c n ™ p t \ m ° n . a m b a u \ w a p d n -™ p . "B s h f p Ø I m t d m ? F ¥ n \ p \ Ω s f ] n ¥ p -S -c W w ? " A h -f p s S k z c -Ø n ¬ s N d n b ] c n -{ ` a w I e ¿ ∂ n -c p -∂ p . "] p k -X vI -ß ƒ h m ß p -I -t b -b p -≈ q . . . h m b n -° m -s \ m ∂ p w C s ∏ m X o s c k a b w I n ´ m -d n -√ . K o X h m b n -° p ∂ "A d n -b n -√ . . I p d ® p t \ c -a m b n \ Ω p s S ] p d -I n -e p -≠ v. I q ´ -Ø n -e m t W m ? " ] m ´ n s ‚ i _ vZ w I p d -® p -s I m ≠ v K o X -b p s S ] c n -N -b -Ø n -e p ≈ B c p -s S -s b -¶ n e p w B ‚ W n t N m Z n -® p . I m d m t W m ? " "t l m Ã -e n ¬ F Ø n b m ] n s ∂ F ¥ m ] W n ? " "F s ‚ t b m ? F \ n -° n -h n s S I p d ® p "] p k vX I w G s X -¶ n e p w t h W -s a -¶ n ¬ F S p -t Ø m -f q . . . ] c n -N -b -° m -t c -b p ≈ q F ∂ -d n -b n -t √ . " h m b n -® n ´ vX n c n s I X ∂ m ¬ a X n " K o X -b p s S t l m Ã -e n s ‚ a p ≥ ] n ¬ I m ¿ \ n ¿ Ø p -t º m ƒ ] d -™ X vi c n -b m -b n -c p -∂ p . K o X \ K -c -Ø n ¬ ‚ W n ] d ™ p . ] p X n -b -X m -W v. H m ^ o -k n ¬ t N ¿ ∂ n ´ vG d n -b m ¬ c t ≠ m B a q t ∂ m a m k -a m -b n -° m -W p w . K o X ] p -d -I n s e k o ‰ n ¬ X n c n ™ p t \ m ° n , H c p ] p k vX I w I ø n -s e -S p -Ø p . K o X t P m b n ≥ s N b vX p a q t ∂ m \ m t e m Z n h k w I g n -s ™ m c p Z n h -k w . t P m e n -Ø n -c ° vI m c W w B ‚ W n A ∂ vA ¬ ] w s s h I n -b m -W n -d -ß n -b -X v. "] ≠ vh m b n -® -X m W v. H ∂ p I q S n h m b n -° m w . " ] p d Ø vC c p f p h o W p X p S -ß n -b n -c p -∂ p . H m ^ o -k n ¬ a n ° -h m d p w B f p -I -s f √ m w t ] m b n -° -g n -™ p . B ‚ W n I u X p -I -t Ø m s S K o X -b p s S I ø n -t e ° p t e m -_ n -b n ¬ H ‰ -° n -c n -° p ∂ H c p s ] ¨ I p -´ n . t \ m ° n . ` w K n -b p ≈ \ o ≠ h n c -e p -I ƒ s I m ≠ vK o X ] p k vX I w \ o ´ n -I m -´ n . "F ¥ m C h n s S C c n -° p -∂ X v" B ‚ W n t N m Z n -® p . "I m ^ vI h m b n -° p ∂ s ] ¨ I p ´ n ? " B ‚ W n H c p I p k r X n -t b m s S t N m Z n -® p . R m ≥ . . . "F s ‚ _ k vt ] m b n . . . H c p S m I vk n h n f n -® n ´ v I m Ø n -c n ° p I -b m -W v. A c a W n -° q -d m b n h n f n -® n -´ v. " "Z m ‰ vC u k vt k m s j m t h -W n -Ã n -I v. . . B s ´ I m ^ vI h m ° p I f n ¬ t \ c n b t h h -e m -X n . h m b n -° p ∂ F { X B ¨ k p -l r -Ø p -° -f p ≠ v B ‚ -W n ° v? " "C u t \ c Ø vS m I vk n h c m ≥ ] m S m W v, I m d n -s \ -¥ p ] ‰ n ? " "R m ≥ H c p I W -s ° -S p -Ø n ´ v] n s ∂ A d n -b n ° m w " B ‚ W n H c p s N d p -N n -c n -t b m s S s s I h o i n -I m ´ n I m d v "R m ≥ ] p X n -b -X m b n t P m b n ≥ s N b vt X D ≈ q . a p t ∂ m -s ´ -S p -Ø p . I m s d m ∂ p w B b n √ C X p -h -s c . " c ≠ va q ∂ vZ n h k w I g n ™ p K o X ] p k vX I w X n c n s I s I m ≠ p h ∂ p . I q ´ -Ø n ¬ h ¿ W -I -S -e m -k p -I ƒ s I m ≠ p s ] m X n ™ H c p s N d n -s b m c p ] m ° -‰ p w . K o X ÿ e w ] d -™ p , t ] m I p ∂ h g n -b n -e p ≈ H c p t e U o k vt l m Ã ¬ . "C s X ¥ m C X v" B ‚ W n t N m Z n -® p . "R m ≥ t h t W ¬ s I m ≠ p -h n S m w " B ‚ W n ] d -™ p . "X p d ∂ p t \ m ° q . . . F s ∂ k l m -b n -® -X n -\ p ≈ H c p s N d n b { ] X y p -] -I m -c -a m -W v. " "A X v. . . t h ≠ . . _ p ≤ n -a p -´ m -h p t √ " "F h n -s S -b m W vX m a k n ° p -∂ X v? " B ‚ W n t N m Z n -® p .

B ‚ W n ] m ° ‰ vX p d ∂ p t \ m ° n . c ≠ p K ¬ "k m c -√ b v. . . R m ≥ t ] m I p ∂ h g n -° m W vt l m -Ã ¬ . a m -l m -c -ß ƒ . S m I vk n -° m -c ≥ C \ n h c p t a m F ∂ p t ] m e p w ] d -b m ≥k ] ‰ n -√ . "

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

K o X -b p s S _ ¿ Ø vt U b v° vU n ∂ -d n \ p t ] m I m w F ∂ p B Z y w ] d -™ X vB ‚ -W n -b m -W v. B Z y w K o X F X n ¿ Ø vH m t c m H g n -h p -I -g n h p ] d -s ™ -¶ n -e p w , A h -k m \ w B ‚ W n -b p s S \ n c -¥ -c -a m b k Ω ¿ ± -Ø n -\ p "A X n -\ m t W m { ] b m k w ? A ∂ p I m d n ¬ h e n b a p ≥ ] n ¬ A h ƒ k Ω -X n -° p -I -b m -b n -c p -∂ p . D ® -Ø n ¬ K p e m w A e n ] m S p -∂ X vR m ≥ t I ´ -X -t √ . " F ´ p -a -W n ° p a p ≥ ] vt l m Ã -e n ¬ F Ø n ° m w F ∂ D d -t ∏ m -s S . "H m A s ∏ m U n ‰ -I vS o h vh ¿ ° p -a p ≠ t √ ? " B ‚ W n t N m Z n -® p . H ∏ w a \ - n -t e m ¿ Ø p , F { X N n c -] -c n -N n -X -t c K c -Ø n s ‚ a d p -h -i -Ø p ≈ H c p s d t Ã m -d ‚ v t ] m -s e -b m W vC u s ] ¨ I p -´ n -b p -a m b n k w k m -c n -° m ≥\ I ≠ p -] n -S n -® X p w B ‚ -W n -b m -W v. A h n -s S -b m -I p º w k m [ n -° p -∂ -X v. ] n s ∂ ] c n -N -b -° m -c m c p w I m W m ≥ h g n -b n -√ . X -t e s ∂ t ] m b n K o -X -° p ≈ H c p k Ω m -\ h p w A b m ƒ K o X A s X F ∂ A ¿ ∞ -Ø n ¬ X e -b m ´ n H ∂ p I c p -X n -b n -c p -∂ p . H c p N p h ∂ ] q ° -f p ≈ \ o f ≥ { U v. N n c n -® p . N n c n -° p -t º m ƒ h n S ¿ ∂ p -h -c p ∂ N ¥ -a p ≈ s s h I o ´ vt P m e n I g n ™ vA ¬ ] w s s h I n H m ^ o -k n ¬ \ p W -° p -g n -I ƒ . A b m ƒ A h -f p s S I Æ p -I -f n -t e ° v \ n ∂ n -d ß n s d t Ã m -s d ‚ n -t e -° p ≈ h g n -° m W vC s ∏ m t \ m ° n . \ n d ™ p I h n -b p ∂ D ’ m -l h p w B t c m H c m ƒ ] p d s I ] n ¥ p -S -c p -∂ -X v. I p k r -X n -Ø -c h p w I Æ p -I ƒ \ n d -s b . s X -\ n -° m t W m ? F ß s \ a \ - n -e m b n R m ≥ "C K ¬ t I ƒ ° p -s a ∂ v? "

"F ∂ m ¬ ] n s ∂ I m W m w . " X n S p -° -Ø n ¬ a p J w s h ´ n ® p A h ƒ ] d -™ p .

] n s ∂ Z n h -t k \ F t ∏ m -s g -¶ n e p w B ‚ W n K o X -b p s S I y m _ n -\ n -t e -s ° -Ø p w . H ∂ p I m W m w , A ¬ ] -t \ c w F s ¥ -¶ n e p w H ∂ p a n ≠ m w . F { X k w k m -c n -® m e p w h n j -b -ß ƒ ° vb m s X m c p ] ™ -h p -a n -√ m -b n -c p -∂ p . F { X s ] s ´ ∂ vh f -s c -° - m e w H c p -a n ® p \ S ∂ _ m e y -I m e k p l r -Ø p -° -s f -t ] m -s e -b m -b n -c p ∂ p c ≠ p -t ] -c p w . H c p ] s £ H c p ] g b P ∑ -Ø n s e B fl -k p -l r -Ø p -° -f m -b n -c p -∂ n -c n -° W w X ß ƒ c ≠ p -t ] -c p w , B ‚ W n C S -t ° m ¿ ° p w .

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

"C \ n s b ¥ p s N ø p w ? " K o X ] c n -{ ` -a -t Ø m s S t N m Z n -® p . "C h n s S A S p Ø p I q S n t h s d h g n -b p -≠ -t √ m . \ a p ° m h g n ° vt ] m b m t e m ? " "A X p t h ≠ " B ‚ W n ] d -™ p . B h g n I q S p -X e p w s d k n -s U ≥ j y ¬ ÿ e -ß -f m -W v. ] c n -N -b -a p ≈ ] e c p w X m a - n -° p ∂ ÿ e w , B s c -¶ n e p w I ≠ m ¬ ] n s ∂ A X p a X n . B ‚ W n a \ - n -t e m ¿ Ø p . "R m ≥ A S p Ø k n · -e n ¬ h ≠ n U- t S ° vX n c n -° m ≥ t ] m I p -I -b m -W v. K o X t l m Ã -e n -t e ° vX n c n -® p s ] m -b vt ° m -f q . U n ∂ ¿ F t ∏ m -s g -¶ n e p w B I m w . " ] p d -s I -b p -≈ X vB c m F ¥ m F ∂ -d n -b m s X B ‚ W n ] d -™ p .

m ≥ A X p X s ∂ ] d -b m ≥ X p S -ß p -I -b m -b n -c p -∂ p . X m . . . b m ƒ I ø n -e p ≈ s ] m X n ` m c y -b p s S t \ s c "R " "C " A B i z m -k -t Ø m s S K o X ] d -™ p .

\ o ´ n .

B ‚ W n A S p Ø k n · -e n ¬ h ≠ n C S s Ø "F ¥ m C X v? " s s e \ n -t e s ° S p Ø p . k n · ¬ ] ® -b m -b X p w A b m ƒ h ≠ n U- t S ° vF S p Ø vF X n ¿ h -i -t Ø ° p X n c n -® p . "X p d ∂ p t \ m ° v. " X n c n -® p ≈ h g n -b n ¬ I m d v] d -° p -I -b m -b n -c p -∂ p . K o X s b t l m Ã -e n ¬ C d ° n , b m { X t ] m e p w ] d -b m s X "l m b v. . A s ∏ m C X m -b n -c p ∂ p X n c -° t √ ? A X m B ‚ W n A X n -t h K w h ≠ n h n ´ p . H c p s N d n b h n d -b H m ^ o -k n ¬ h n f n -® n ´ vF S p -° m -X n -c p -∂ -X v. F ¥ m -b m e p w t e m -s S -b m W vA b m ƒ d b ¿ h y q a n d -d n -t e ° v s k e -£ ≥ H s ° ] T n ® p h c p -∂ p -≠ v. " t \ m ° n -s ° m -≠ n -c p -∂ -X v. B ‚ W n P \ ¬ I ¿ ´ ≥ a m ‰ n ] p d -t Ø ° p h √ h n t [ -\ b p w h o ´ n -s e -Ø n , I m d vs s { U t ∆ -b n -e n ´ v t \ m ° n . h g n -h n -f -° p -I - ƒ I Ø n -Ø p -S -ß p -∂ p . t a t e I q S h m X n ¬ X -≈ n -X p -d ∂ p A I Ø p I S -∂ -t ∏ m -g m W v W -b m ≥ I q ´ w I q S n ] d ∂ p a d -b p ∂ H c p ] ‰ w ] £ n i z m k w t \ s c h o W -X v. I ƒ . "\ √ B f m . . t a m \ vs N d n b N q S v. R m ≥ F { X -h ´ w "F \ n -° n X p \ √ -t ] m s e t N c p w . t Z t \ m ° n -t b . . . " h n f n -® p . F h n -s S -b m -b n -c p ∂ p C X p -h s c ? " t U m ¿ h e n -® -S ® i _ vZ w t I ´ vt d m k vA S p -° -f -b n ¬ \ n ∂ p w B ‚ W n A h ƒ ] d -™ X vt I ´ n -√ . A b m ƒ ] p d Ø p h ∂ p . B t e m -N n -° p -I -b m -b n -c p -∂ p , B c m -b n -c n ° p w X s ∂ ] n ¥ p -S ¿ ∂ X v? "A X v. . . -A -X v. . H m ^ o -k n ¬ C ® n c n X n c -° m -b n -c p ∂ p " B ‚ W n h n ° n h n ° n ] d -™ p .

Best wishes on the 40th anniversary of Kerala Association of Greater Washington

4713 Willet Dr Annandale, VA.22003 (A non profit organization helping disadvantaged children in their basic education) 24

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

k q c y { ] I m -i va p ≠ q ¿ { ] I m -i w b m { X -b m -I p ∂ I m g vN C u I S N n e -s c m s ° I m g vN -I ƒ B k z -Z n ® vb m { X e n s ‚ { ] X n -_ n w -_ -ß -f n ¬ \ n ∂ p w I m W p -t º m ƒ b m -I m ≥ X p S -ß n -b n -c n -° p -∂ p . X n c -a m -e -I ƒ X t e m F s ¥ m A h \ p C ∂ -e -I s f H m ¿ ° m -X n -c n -° m ≥ S p ∂ a W ¬ X c n -I -f n ¬ H c p s I m ® p _ m e n I I g n -™ n -√ . { ] k o Z h n t \ m Z vF ∂ vF g p -X n -b n -c n -° p -∂ p . I p ´ n H m S n h ∂ v "A ® m A ® m t \ m s ° -t b . . . " F ∂ p d ™ p h n t \ m -Z n s \ h n f n ® p s I m ≠ p t ] m I p ] c n -N n -X -a n -√ m Ø \ n g ¬ _ n w _ -ß s f ] º m -t g ° p w A h n s S h n t \ m Z vF ∂ t ] c va W ¬ { i ≤ -b n -t e ° vt N ¿ Ø p s h ° m ≥ { i a n -s ® -¶ n e p wt X c n -I ƒ a m ® p -I -f -™ n -c n -° p -∂ p . \ n e m h p H ∂ p w h n t \ m -Z n \ p I g n -™ n -√ . a u \ -a m b n X n c -° -S n ® p n ≠ p -∂ n -√ , X n c a m -e -I ƒ \ n i -_ vZ -a m -b t ] m s e , X n c n ® p t ] m h p -I b p w s N b ø p ∂ X n c -a m -e -I s fa a W ¬ X -c n -I ƒ ° v] d -b m ≥ H ∂ p w C √ . t ] m s e A h s ‚ D ≈ n ¬ C ∂ -e -I -f p s S H m ¿ Ω I f p w C ∂ s Ø A h -ÿ b p w H s ° a m d n -a m d n A h ƒ s s I s I m ´ n N n c n -° p -∂ p . "F s ‚ k © -c n -° p -∂ p ≠ vF ∂ va \ - n -e m -° m ≥ h e n b t ] c p -a m { X w l m l m . . . . -{ ] -k o -Z . . ". { ] b m k w H ∂ p w C √ m -b n -c p -∂ p . ∂ p w ] d -b m ≥ h n t \ m -Z n \ p w D ≠ m -b n -c p { ] X o -£ -b p s S I m g vN -I ƒ a m d n -a -d -b p ∂ H ∂ n -√ . a W ¬ X c n -I ƒ ° p w \ n e m -h n \ p w X n c -a m -e k o a -b n ¬ N p I ∏ p ] ´ p h n c n -b p ∂ \ n a n -j -ß -f n I ƒ ° p w A d n b m w h n t \ m -Z n s ‚ \ n » -_ vZ -X -b p s S t e ° p H g p I n \ o ß p -∂ -X n \ p I m g vN -° m -c m b n B g -ß -s f -° p -d n -® v. "t a m s f a X n C c p -´ m b n . . . a X n h n t Z -i n b p w k z t Z -i n b p w D ƒ s ∏ s S A t \ I w t ] m I m w . . . h n \ p -t h ´ m h c q t ] m I m w . . . " t ] ¿ ] e -` m -j -I -f n -e m b n B I m g vN s b h m g vØ n -∏ m -S p -∂ p . H ∂ p w ] d -b m s X h n t \ m Z vH c n -° ¬ ° q S n t ] c p t \ m ° n b m { X -b m -I p -t º m ƒ \ n e m h p a W ¬ Ø c n -I ƒ t ° m X n c -a m -e -I ƒ t ° m B s N m c n -b p ∂ B I m -i -Ø p -\ n ∂ va g -s ] -b vX n -d ß n , C u h m g vØ n -∏ m -S e p w I m g vN -I f p w ] p X p -a -b n -√ m a W ¬ Ø c n -I -f n -t e ° p h o W -S n -™ p . Ø -X m W vF ∂ X p t ] m s e h n t \ m Z p w \ n c m -e w -_ \ m b n a W ¬ Ø c n -b n ¬ X e -s h ® vB I m i P m e I -ß ƒ X p d -° m ≥ { i a n ® p I n S -∂ p . "l m b n .l m b na g a g . . . . A — m a g . . . { ] k o Z t a m f p s S B À m Z w h n t \ m Z v{ i ≤ n m Ø t ] m s e \ S ∂ vI m d n ¬ I b d n B I Æ -S \ n e m -h n s ‚ t \ ¿ Ø \ n a n -j -ß -f n -t e ° p ° b n -s e ° p t \ m ° n , A h \ p w H ∂ p w ] d -b m ≥ t \ c w a m d n a d -b p -t º m ƒ a u \ -a m b n A e -b -S n B b n -√ . F √ m -h c p w I m d n ¬ I b -d n -b -t ∏ m g p w a g ° p ∂ X n c -I s f t ∏ m s e A h s ‚ a \ - v b n ¬ I p X n ¿ ∂ va W -e n s ‚ a m d n ¬ { ] k o Z F ∂ A e -b -S n -° p -∂ X va W ¬ Ø c n -I ƒ ° p w A d n -b m a m -b n -c n ° m w F ∂ p t X m ∂ p -∂ p . ¢ m h p ] n S n ®t ] c p \ \ ™ p I p X n -c p -∂ - p ≠ m h p w F ∂ p A h ≥ \ n e m h p ] X p -s ° -∏ X p s I a W ¬ Ø c n -I -f n e p w A d n -b m s X H m ¿ Ø n -c n -° p w . B \ o e -a -b -a p ≈ X n c -a m -e -I -f n e p w ] S ¿ ∂ p A — m "a g \ n e m -a -g . . . !" h o W p I g n -™ n -c n -° p -∂ p . a u \ -a m b n h n \ p I m t d m -S n -® p . . . . . Kerala Association of Greater Washington

Dr. Sharmila R Nair MD, FAAP Board Certified in Pediatrics

Kalyn Zizus PA- C

Onam Greetings from Sterling Pediatrics

46175 Westlake Drive, Suite 120, Potomac Falls, VA

Over 10 years of personalized healthcare from infancy to adulthood Call us at 703-444-0100 to schedule your appointment

703-444-0100 www.sterlingpeds.com

Onam Greetings

t k X p a m [ h ≥ a p ≠ q ¿ A ¿ ÷ p ≥ A ß s \ ] d b p t º m ƒ a p c f n A h t \ m S v \ √ a g . t d m U n s ‚ A c n I n e q s S H g p I p ∂ F t ¥ m ] d b p ∂ p ≠ m b n c p ∂ p . a g b p s S b p w C e I ƒ N m e p s h ≈ Ø n ¬ A h ¿ I f n ° p ∂ p ≠ v. ˛ "a p c f n m ‰ n ¬ D e b p t º m g p w D ≠ m I p ∂ i _ vZ Ø n ¬ F s ‚ b m W vH ∂ m a X vt \ m ° vt \ m ° v". _ m e y Ø n s ‚I A X vF t ¥ m h y ‡ a m b n √ . "\ n \ ° p C t ∏ m ƒ X f n ¿ Ø a p J ` m h a m b n c p ∂ p a p c f n ° v. A h ≥ H c p A S n I n ´ p w , C ∂ vI t e m ’ h Ø n ¬ I Y s b g p X n s I m ® p I S e m k p t X m W n D ≠ m ° m \ p ≈ ] T n ° p ∂ X n \ vS u W n ¬ t ] m ≠ I m c y w a d s ∂ m \ o . . . " { i a Ø n e m W vF ∂ p t X m ∂ p ∂ p . "A ¿ ÷ p t \ m ° n t ° m R m ≥ D ≠ m ° p ∂ C u t X m W n I S e m k p t X m W n b p s S H g p ° n t e ° va m { X a m b n \ n s ∂ s h ´ n ° p w " "I t ≠ m . t a m s \ \ a p ° vI m W m w . . . . " A e n ™ n c n ° p ∂ A h ¿ a s ‰ m ∂ p w t I ´ n √ . X n c n ® vA t X _ m e y Ø n s ‚ X f n ¿ Ø "a p c f n U m t \ m ° vR m \ m C t ∏ m g p w . " { ] X n _ n w _ a m b n A ¿ ÷ p \ p w ] d ™ p . "A √ C t ∏ m R m \ m h p w t \ m ° n t ° m " "S m a X n a X n a g s ] ø p ∂ X p I ≠ n t √ s ] b vX n d ß p ∂ a g ] X p s ° ] X p s ° B b n A S n h m ß p w h t ∂ m f q a X n . . . . " I p d ™ p h c p ∂ p ≠ vB I m i w s X f n ™ p s I m ≠ n c n ° p ∂ p . "\ o A S n h m ß n ° p w B a g b p s S a p J k w K o X Ø n s \ B k z Z n ° p ∂ s N d p s N ° t \ m s S m ∏ w I f n ° ≠ m F ∂ p B b n c w A h c n ¬ H c m s f b m W vB k v{ X o h n f n ° p ∂ X v. X h W ] d ™ X t √ \ n t ∂ m S v. " A h c p s S h m ° p I ƒ "A Ω s ] m b vt ° m f q " R m ≥ h c m w F ∂ p ] d ™ q t e m . .

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

H g p I n A I e p ∂ I S e m k p t X m W n s b t ] m e p w A h ≥ h c p t a m I f n ° m ≥ ? B t c m s S ∂ n √ m s X A h ≥ t h Z \ n ∏ n ® a ´ n ¬ a q ¿ ® b p ≈ X m b n c p ∂ p . I f n b p s S k z b w ] d ™ p \ S ° p t º m g p w A h s ‚ D ≈ n ¬ B B t h i Ø n \ n S b n e p w B h m ° p I ƒ H c p h e n b h m ° p I ƒ a m { X a m b n c p ∂ p . I m ‰ vF ß s \ A h c p s S s I m ® p t X m W n s b B S n D e b v° p ∂ p t h m A X n e p w X o j vW a m b n "B s N d p s ® ° s ‚ I q s S I f n ° ≠ m . . " F ∂ a p c f n b p s S C f w a \ n s \ t h Z \ n ∏ n ® n c n ° p ∂ X v h m ° p I ƒ A h s \ A e ´ n s b ¶ n e p w "t X m ° m ≥ C \ n C ‰ vC ‰ p h o g p ∂ a g X p f f n I ƒ ° p A d n b m ≥ I g n b n √ " C h c p s S a p º n ¬ ] X d n \ n ∂ m ¬ X s ‚ I g n ™ n c n ° p w . "I f n a X n R m ≥ t ] m I s ´ a p c f n " P o h n X t X m W n I c b v° S p ° n √ ; "h n P b w I m W n √ " "i c n \ m s f I m W w . " ] p d I n ¬ B I p ™ p s s I F s ∂ m ∂ p w N n ¥ n ° m ≥ { ] m b w t ] m e p w A a ¿ Ø n ] n S n ® vA h ¿ a p c f n s b I Æ p I ƒ s I m ≠ v A \ p h Z n ° m Ø a p c f n H s ‰ b v° p ` o j W n b p s S ` m h Ø n ¬ t \ m ° n A h ¿ b m { X b m b n . . ] n d p ] n d p ° p ∂ p ≠ m b n c p ∂ p . "\ m s g a g s ] ø t W " A h \ t ∏ m g p w { ] X o £ b p ≠ m b n c p ∂ p . "A h ≥ h c p w "U m \ m s f a g s ] b vX m ¬ I f n ° m w . " A h ≥ h c p w I S e m k p t X m W n I ƒ s I m ≠ vC \ n b p w t \ ¿ Ø C f w I m ‰ p t ] m s e A h s ‚ h m ° p I ƒ I f n ° m ≥ A h c p w . " a p c f n \ S ∂ vA I e p t º m ƒ B A h \ p { ] X o £ \ ¬ I n b n c p ∂ p . A h ≥ H g p ° n h n ´ I S e m k p t X m W n I ƒ t i j n ® B N m e p s h ≈ Ø n ¬ I S e m k p t X m W n I ƒ a u \ a m b n H g p I p ∂ B] m d n ° n S ° p ∂ p ≠ m b n c p ∂ p . N m e n e q s S \ o ß p ∂ X vI ≠ vA h ≥ B ¿ Ø p h n f n ® p . "A ¿ ÷ q R m ≥ H ∂ m a X vF Ø n b U m . " A h ≥ a g s ] ø m s X B I m i w s X f n ™ p X p S p Ø n c n ° p ∂ p . ] d b p ∂ X vt I ƒ ° m ≥ t i j n b p ≈ X vC f w I m ‰ p w C ‰ v A h s ‚ h m ° p I ƒ B X p S p Ø t a L ß ƒ C ‰ vh o g p ∂ a g b p s S t \ ¿ Ø A w i ß f p w Bt I ´ n ´ p ≠ m h W w . "A s X A h ≥ h c p w a g s ] ø t W . . " I S e m k p t X m W n I f p w a m { X a m b n c p ∂ p !a g s ] b vX v a p c f n b p s S h m ° p I ƒ ° vF t ¥ m t \ S m \ p ≈ t X m ¿ ∂ p I g n ™ X p w A h ≥ X n c n ™ p B t h i w D ≠ m b n c p ∂ p . s N Ω m \ Ø n s ‚ b m { X b m I p t º m ƒ B A Ω ] d ™ h m ° p I ƒ { ] X n _ n w _ ß ƒ B I S e m k p t X m W n b n ¬ A h s ‚ D ≈ n ¬ I S e m k p t X m W n s b C f ° n { ] X n ^ e n ® n c p ∂ X vI m W m ≥ B ¿ ° p w I g n ™ n √ . a d n ° p ∂ p ≠ m b n c p ∂ p . "\ m s f b p w a g s ] ø p t a m ? "

ONAM GREETINGS Pious and Jessie Thattassery

CAPITOL TAX SERVICE 7300 Goddard Drive Lanham, MD 20706 Ph: 301-552-1056

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

[ \ y a p ≠ q ¿ C u ¿ ∏ -Ø n s ‚ H c p A w i w t ] m e p w C b m t f m l n µ n ] d b p ∂ X v. C X vF ¥ vI m e w F ∂ p X f n -c -W n -b m Ø B h c ≠ ` q a n -b n -t e ° vh n b ¿ ∏ n s ‚t X m ∂ n t ] m b n . . . . s N d p -I p -a n -f -I ƒ A S ¿ ∂ p h o g p -∂ X vA h ≥ A d n -™ n -√ m -b n -c n -° m w . A ∂ vc m w P n Ø va m { X -a m W v C b m ƒ ] d -b p -∂ X vF \ n ° va \ - n -e m -b n -√ . ] m S Ø v] W n -s b -S p -° p -∂ -X v. k a -b t a m t \ c t a m ] s £ s h b n e p w \ n e m h p w s ] b vX n -d -ß p ∂ t ] m s e H m ¿ ° p -∂ -X n t \ m a d -° p -∂ -X n t \ m I g n -b m Ø h n [ w A b m -f n ¬ \ n ∂ p w D b ¿ ∂ B ` m j c m w P n -Ø n \ p a \ A h ≥ B ] m Ø n -s b m s ° I n f -b v° p -I -b m -W v. n -e m -b n -c n -° p -∂ p . A h ≥ D u a -b -√ . s h b n ¬ X n ∂ p ∂ \ m S n s ‚ \ n e -b v° m Ø B k w k m -c -a m b n A h ≥ X n c n ® p l n µ n -b n ¬ F t ¥ m ] d -b p -∂ p -≠ v. A I s e { ] I m i w ] X n -b m Ø \ n g ¬ X p ≠ n ¬ \ n ∂ vH c p t h \ ¬ I m ‰ p t ] m s e \ n i -_ vZ -X s b ` b -s ∏ s h b n ¬ h o W p , h c -º n -e q s S X f n -c n ´ H c p S p Ø n s I m ≠ vN t { µ -´ ≥ h n f n ® p ] d -b p -I -b m W v "s N ° m \ n g ¬ s s I X -∏ q -h n s ‚ a W -h p -a m b n N t { µ -´ s ‚ A c n -I n U m B g -Ø n ¬ B g -Ø n ¬ s h ´ -S m . . . " F t ¥ m c m w -P n Ø v t e ° p A S p Ø n c n ° p ∂ p . s h b n ¬ X ´ n X n f ß p ∂ B { ] X n -I -c n -® X vi c o c N e -\ -ß ƒ s I m ≠ m -b n -c p -∂ p . H c p ] ¨ I p ´ n k p µ -c n -b m -W v. _ m e y w A h s f h n ´ p H g n X p ≠ v\ n g e p X f w s I ´ n b B h c -º n s ‚ a q e -b n ¬s ™ n -´ n √ F ∂ vt X m ∂ n t ] m I p w A h s f I ≠ m ¬ . H c p I d p -∏ n ® a o i b p w X m S n b p w a p S n b p w h e n b a I p S w A h -f p s S X p S p Ø s s I I -f n ¬ D ≠ v. "A — m k p J -a n -√ m Ø a p J -` m -K -ß -f p -a m b n A b m f h n s S C X m s h ≈ w . . . " A h s \ ` o j -W n -b p s S a p ƒ a p -\ -b n -t e ° p X f ® p ] W n -s b -S p -∏ n -° p -I -b m -s W ∂ p w t X m ∂ n -t ∏ m -I p w . a d p -] S n ] d b p w a p t º t h \ -e n s \ X f ¿ Ø p ∂ A h ≥ D u a -b m t W m F s ∂ m c p k w i -b \ n g ¬ t ] m -s e -b m W v] W n -s b -S p -° p ∂ A h s ‚ D ≈ n Ø n s ‚ t \ ¿ Ø N n √ -I ƒ a \ - n ¬ ] S ¿ ∂ p h f ¿ ∂ t e ° p ` m j -b p s S \ n i -_ vZ -a m b H c p B ¿ { Z -X -t ] m e p w t ] m s e . s h b n ¬ X n ∂ p ∂ \ n a n -j -ß -f n ¬ _ m e y A h \ p a \ - n -e m -b n -c n -° p -∂ p . { ] X o -£ -b p s S I p f n -c -W n Ø n s ‚ \ n » -_ vZ X X f n ¿ Ø p -\ n -∂ -X n s ‚ t i j n -∏ p -I ƒ b p ∂ k z ] v\ -ß ƒ ] I ¿ ∂ p -s I m ≠ vB \ n g ¬ A h -\ n ¬ h n ´ p -a m -d n -b n -c p -∂ n -√ . A h ≥ b p h m -h n s ‚ \ n e \ £ { X w b m { X -b m -b n -c n -° p -∂ p . I -f n -t e ° p F Ø n -b n -´ p -a n -√ m -b n -c p -∂ p . s s I X -∏ q -h n s ‚ a W w A h -\ n ¬ X f w s I ´ n n ¬ ° p -∂ p ≠ vN t { µ -´ ≥ t ] m e p a d n -b m s X . . . ] m S -h -c -º p A h s \ I m W p -t º m ƒ C b m ƒ N { µ ≥ A √ \ I ƒ ° -° s c N p h ∂ ] X m I s h b n -e n s \ s h √ p ∂ X p S n { I q c -\ m W vF ∂ p t X m ∂ n t ∏ m I p w . A b m ƒ h o ≠ p w ∏ p -a m b n ] m d n -∏ -d -° p -∂ X vA h s ‚ I Æ p -I s f a m { X -a √ A e -d p -∂ p . ] s £ C u ] d -b p -∂ X va e -b m -f h p w \ - n -s \ b p w D W ¿ Ø n -b n -c n -° m w . h n π -h -Ø n s ‚ \ n d w l n µ n b p w t N ¿ ∂ H c p ` m j . C X vF ¥ p ] ‰ n N t { µ -´ \ v? a F h n -s S b p w N p h -∏ m -b n -c p ∂ p F ∂ vR m ≥ a \ - n -e m ] ≈ n -° q -S -Ø n s ‚ ] S n -h m -X n ¬ t ] m e p w I m W m Ø ° m ≥ a d -∂ n -√ . . . . .

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

e f n X m w _ n I IAS A t a c n ° b n ¬ X m a k a m ° n b n ´ p ≈ H c p a e b m f n a q Ø a I ≥ A Ω s b H ∏ w s I m ≠ p t ] m b X m W v. a ‰ v I p S p w _ s Ø A h [ n b v° v\ m ´ n t e ° vh c p ∂ h g n c ≠ vB ¨ a ° ƒ K ƒ ^ vc m P y ß f n e p w s ] ¨ a ° ƒ t _ m w t _ h n a m \ X m h f Ø n ¬ s h ® vR m ≥ c ≠ p w \ m ´ n e p a m W v. A Ω ® n b p s S A t a c n ° ≥ I m W m \ n S b m b n . ` ¿ Ø m h p w ` m c y b p w a q ∂ p a ° f p w P o h n X s Ø ° p d n ® vR m ≥ A t \ z j n ® p . A h ¿ ` ¿ Ø m h n s ‚ A Ω b p w . a q ∂ p h ¿ j s Ø C S t h f ] d ™ p . b v° p t i j w \ m ´ n t e ° vh c n I b m b n c p ∂ p . X \ n A t a c n ° ° m c m b ] n t ≈ c p s S a p J ß f n ¬ \ n d ™ "A h n s S F t ¥ m ∂ vP o h n X w !t \ c w s h f p ° p w a p º v ] p — w . C u I m S ≥ { ] t Z i Ø vA S p Ø a q ∂ m g v® t a m \ p w a c p t a m f p w I m d p s a S p Ø vA h c p s S t P m e n I g n ® p I q ´ W a t √ m F ∂ A k l y X A h c p s S ÿ e t Ø ° vt ] m I p w . ] n t ≈ c vk vI q f n e p w . " s ] c p a m ‰ Ø n e p S \ o f w { ] I S a m b n c p ∂ p . F g p ] X p F √ m h c p w a S ß n F Ø p º w k ‘ y I g n b p w . ] n t ≈ c v h b n \ p t a ¬ { ] m b w t X m ∂ n ° p ∂ h e y Ω b p s S t \ c s Ø h ∂ m e p w A h c p s S a p d n b n s e S n h n b p s S t h j w a c p a I f p t S X p t ] m s e X s ∂ ] m ‚ p w I º n f n a p º n t e m , I º y q ´ d n s ‚ a p º n t e m B b n c n ° p w . ] q ƒ H m h d p a m b n c p ∂ p .t _ m w t _ b n s e N q S n ¬ A h ¿ ° vF t ∂ m S vk w k m c n ° m ≥ h n j b w H ∂ p a n √ . _ m ° n F √ m h c p w I º n f n h k v{ X w A h n s S X n ∂ m \ p w I p S n ° m \ p s a m ∂ p w H c p I p d h p a n √ . A g n ® p a m ‰ n s b ¶ n e p w h e y Ω n ® n \ o f ≥ s s I b p ≈ C h n S s Ø F √ m B l m c h p w A h n s S I n ´ p w . I º n f n D S p ∏ p w t k m I vk p w j q k p a m b n a k m e t Z m i b p w , C Õ e n b p w , h S b p w , D Æ n b ∏ h p w D c p I n b n c n ° p ∂ X p I ≠ vF \ n ° vk l X m ] w t X m ∂ n . k t a m k b p w A S b p w H s ° ] m ° ‰ n ¬ I n ´ p w . h n a m \ I º \ n I f p s S k a b \ n j vT I m c W w s s a t { I m t h h n ¬ h ® m ¬ a X n .F \ n ° p t h ≠ n t a m ≥ h n a m \ Ø m h f Ø n ¬ s h ® v[ m c m f w k p l r Ø v G j y m s \ ‰ p w , s s I c f n b p w H s ° F S p Ø n ´ p ≠ v. _ ‘ ß f p ≠ m ° m ≥ A h k c w I n ´ m d p ≠ v. R m ≥ ] t £ , F { X t \ c w A X vI ≠ n c n ° p w . !X \ n ® vh o ´ n e n A Ω ® n t b m S vI p i e { ] i v\ ß f m c w ` n ® p . c n ° p º w N n e ∏ g vt ] S n t X m ∂ p w . h √ I d p º \ p w h o ´ n t ° d n h ∂ vF s ∂ s h S n h ® vs I m √ p t a m F ∂ v. A Ω ® n ° va q ∂ vB ¨ a ° f p w c ≠ vs ] ¨ a ° f p a m W p A ∏ g vs s _ _ n ƒ F S p Ø vh m b n ° p w . a m k Ø n s e m c n ≈ X v. a q ∂ p h ¿ j w a p º v` ¿ Ø m h va c n ® p t ] m b t ∏ m ƒ ° t e m a t ‰ m { ] m ¿ ∞ \ b v° vt ] m I p º w N n e

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a e b m f n I s f I m W p w . F s ‚ { ] m b ° m c m c p w C s √ ¶ n ¬ R m ≥ F t ¥ m ∂ vk w k m c n ° m ≥ !

S ≥ X s ∂ A t ± l w k q ´ p w t I m ´ p w s s S b p w H s ° Z q s c F d n ™ vH c p a p ≠ p w k m Z m j ¿ ´ p w t X m f n ¬ t X m ¿ Ø p w B b n ´ m W vk p l r Ø p ° s f I m W m \ n d m d v. A h n s S R m ≥ ] W a p ≠ m ° p ∂ p . C h n s S R m ≥ t N m Z n ® p . "t N ® n ° v] m ‚ p w j ¿ ´ p s a m s °ß h c p t º m g m W vR m ≥ R m \ m I p ∂ X v. F ∂ m W v C S m ≥ C j vS a m t W m ? " A t ± l Ø n s ‚ { ] n b s ∏ ´ k q ‡ w . "A t ø m A ° m c y w ] d b m X n c n ° p I b m t ` Z w . F s ‚ c m h m S ˛ F ∂ va e b m f Ø n ¬ ] c n ` m j s ∏ S p Ø m h p ∂ a p ≠ p w N ´ b p w H s ° ] n t ≈ ¿ ° vB t £ ] w F ∂ p w l u k vt I m ´ vA Y h m s s \ ‰ n t I c f Ø n s e a n ° h m d p w ] d ™ vR m ≥ s N ∂ ] m s S a m ‰ n h ® p . h √ t ∏ m g p w k v{ X o I f p t S b p w k Z m k a b t h j a m W v.˛ F ∂ p k m c n D S p ° m ≥ k Ω X n ° p w . H m W Ø n t \ m , s h ® m ¬ c m h p w ] I e p w F ∂ ¿ ∞ w .] I ¬ k a b Ø v { I n k va k n t \ m a t ‰ m . F \ n ° vi c n ° vk m c n D S p ° m ≥ o ´ n ¬ h c p ∂ A X n Y n I s f k z o I c n ° p ∂ X p w I p ´ n A d n ™ p I q S m . \ m ´ n t e ° vh c p t º m s g ¶ n e p w C u h I s f k vI q ƒ _ n ¬ I b ‰ n h n S m ≥ s ] m X p \ n c Ø n ¬ t h j w a m d W s a ∂ vI c p X n b X m . ] n t ≈ ¿ ] d b p I b m . k vI m Ø p \ n ¬ ° p ∂ X p s a m s ° C u t h j Ø n ¬ N ´ b p w a p ≠ p w H s ° C ´ p h ∂ m ¬ A h n S s Ø_ X s ∂ b m W v. F s ‚ h o ´ n ¬ h ∂ t P m e n ° m c n ° v F b ¿ t ] m ¿ ´ n ¬ F s ‚ t h j w I ≠ vB f p I ƒ X p d n ® p o ´ n ¬ [ c n ° m \ m b n k m c n s I m S p Ø t ∏ m ƒ A h ƒ t \ m ° p s a ∂ v. t _ m w t _ b n ¬ h s ∂ ¶ n e p w C u t h j w h ] d ™ p . a m d W s a ∂ v\ n › b n ® n c p ∂ X m . a c p t a m ƒ ] d b p ∂ p . s ] ´ n X p d ∂ m ¬ ] n s ∂ A S b v° m ≥ ] ‰ n s √ ∂ v. C u "A t ø m !F \ n ° vk m c n t h ≠ . s s \ ‰ n h m ß n X ∂ m ¬ t h j Ø n ¬ \ m ´ n ¬ s N ∂ n d ß p ∂ I m c y t a m ¿ Ø v a X n . C ∏ w F √ m h c p w h o ´ n ¬ D S p t ∏ C S q . B c p w F s ‚ s X m e n s ] m f n b p ∂ p . " k m c n D S p ° q e . " t S m b ve ‰ n ¬ t ] m b n c p ∂ a c p I ƒ X n c n ® p h ∂ t ∏ m ƒ s N d p ∏ ° m c n s ] ¨ I p ´ n I ƒ F ¥ p t h j a W n ™ m e p w A Ω ® n R m \ p a m b n I m c y a m b k w ` m j W Ø n t e ¿ I m W m ≥ I u X p I a m W v. c m h n s e t b m s s h I p t ∂ c t a m s ∏ ´ n c n ° p ∂ X p I ≠ vA h ¿ ° vX o s c C j vS s ∏ ´ n √ . H c p h \ n X m t I m t f P n s ‚ a p º n ¬ \ n ∂ m ¬ { ] I S a m b A k ¥ p j vS n t b m s S A h ¿ ] d ™ p F s ¥ m s ° t h j ß f m W vI m W m ≥ k m [ n ° p I ! e h va o , I n k va o F s ∂ m s ° s \ s © s Ø g p X n b "A Ω ® n , U m U n C u k vt I m f n w K vb p .I w . . . . I w . . . " S o j ¿ ´ p I ƒ [ c n ® p \ S ° m ≥ C t ∏ m ƒ \ m ´ n s e s ] ¨ I p ´ n I ƒ ° p w a S n b n √ . ] m › m X y ˛ D Ø t c ¥ y ≥ A Ω ® n F g p t ∂ ‰ va c p a I s f A \ p K a n ° t h F t ∂ m S v h j ß f p s S k z m [ o \ Ø n ¬ ] q ¿ Æ a m b p w ] p d ¥ ≈ c l k y a m b n ] d ™ p . "I p s d t \ c w a e b m f Ø n ¬t k w k m c n ® ∏ w X s ∂ H c p k p J w " ] m ‚ p w j q k p a n ´ vs N d p e ÷ t b m s S \ S ∂ p t ] m I p ∂ A Ω ® n s b t \ m ° n b n c p ∂ t ∏ m ƒ a p ≠ p w N ´ b p w ] p d I n ¬ h n i d n b p w [ c n ® A Ω ® n b p s S s F i z c y a p ≈ c q ] w R m ≥ a \ n ¬ k ¶ ¬ ∏ n ° p I b m b n c p ∂ p . h n t Z i Ø vh ¿ j ß f m b n t P m e n s N ø p ∂ F s ‚ H c p t U m I vS ¿ k p l r Ø v] d b m d p ≠ v. k m c n b p w [ c n ® v t P m e n ° vt ] m b m ¬ R m ≥ H ‰ s ∏ ´ p \ n ¬ ° p ∂ X m b n t X m ∂ p w . k vI ¿ ´ p w t I m ´ p a m b n t ] m I p t º m ƒ R m ≥ A h c n ¬ H c m f m b n a m d p ∂ p . R m s \ m ´ p w s k ¬ ^ v t I m ¨ j y k vB I p ∂ n √ . C X v\ a p ° va \ n e m ° m h p ∂ I m c y a m W v. A \ y \ m ´ n ¬ t P m e n s N ø p t º m ƒ I g n b p ∂ { X A h n S s Ø k m l N c y ß f p a m b n C W ß n t ] m I p ∂ X vX s ∂ b m W v \ √ X v. ] t £ \ m ´ n ¬ A h [ n ° vh c p t º m ƒ A d p ] X v h b p I m c n a p ´ ‰ a p ≈ P o ≥ k vX p W n b p s S ] m h m S b p w s s I b n √ m Ø _ \ n b \ p w [ c n ® v\ S t ° ≠ I m c y a p t ≠ m ? F √ m h n t Z i a e b m f n I f p w C ß s \ b m s W ∂ √ . h ¿ j ß f m b n h m j n w K vS W n ¬ X m a k n ° p ∂ H c p k p l r Ø p ≠ v. t I m t f P n ¬ ] T n ° p ∂ I m e Ø v[ c n ® X n \ p t i j w t X ® a ´ n ¬ h S n t ] m s e \ n ¬ ° p ∂ ] m ‚ p w j ¿ ´ p w X n f ß p ∂ j q k p w H s ° b m b n S n ∏ n ¬ ( A ° m e Ø vs N Ø ¬ { ] t b m K w C √ ) h ∂ p s I m ≠ n c p ∂ a l m \ m W v. C t ∏ m ƒ A h [ n ° v\ m ´ n ¬ h ∂ m e p

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s ∏ ´ p t ] m b X v] m h w ] m h m S b p w Z m h W n b p a m W v. N m S m \ p ≈ s s h a p J y w s I m ≠ m I W w C ß s \ ] m Z w h s c \ o f p ∂ ] m h m S b p w Z m h W n b p w [ c n ® v t X m ∂ p ∂ X v. s ] ≥ j \ m I m ≥ a m k ß ƒ a m { X w ] p d w a d ™ p I n S ° p ∂ C u d ≥ X e a p S n A g n ® n ´ v _ m ° n b p ≈ H c p D ∂ X D t Z y m K ÿ s b s ] s ´ s ∂ m c p h c p ∂ s ] ¨ I p ´ n s b h √ t ∏ m g p w a e b m f k n \ n a b n ¬ Z n h k w N p c n Z m d n ¬ I ≠ t ∏ m ƒ F \ n ° m Z y w B s f a m { X t a I m W m ≥ k m [ n ° p I b p ≈ q . A — \ Ω a m c p s S a \ n e m b n √ . A S p Ø I m e Ø v\ m ´ n s e H c p h o ´ n ¬ k m º Ø n I \ n e b v° vB \ p ] m X n I a m b n a ° f p s S k p l r X vk µ ¿ i \ Ø n \ m b n s N ∂ t ∏ m ƒ t h j ß f p s S s s h h n [ y h p w I q S p s a ¶ n e p w k a q lI e y m W { ] m b s a Ø n b a I f p w A Ω b p w A Ω q Ω b p w Ø n s e F √ m X ´ p I f n e p w h n P b I c a m b I S ∂ m { IN p c n Z m d n ¬ . I p S p w _ Ø n ¬ a m { X a √ , t P m e n a W w \ S Ø n b n ´ p ≈ X v] © m _ n b p s S N p c n Z m ¿ ÿ e ß f n e p w N p c n Z m ¿ k a X z w s I m ≠ p h ∂ n ´ p ≠ v. s k ‰ m W v. X n c p h \ ¥ ] p c s Ø H c p h n Z K v≤ X p ∂ ¬ ÿ m ] \ h S ° p \ n ∂ p ≈ h c h m s W ¶ n e p w h f s c a m \ y h p w Ø n ¬ N p c n Z m d m b n c q ] m ¥ c w \ ¬ I m ≥ s I m t ≠ ¬ ∏ n k ` y h p a m b t h j a m W n X vF ∂ vk Ω X n t ° ≠ n b n ® n c n ° p ∂ ] ´ p k m c n I ƒ I ≠ vR m ≥ A ¤ p X s ∏ ´ p c n ° p ∂ p . h Æ w I q S n b h ¿ ° p w h Æ w I p d ™ h ¿ ° p t ] m b n . ] © m _ n e p ≠ m b l c n X h n π h Ø n t \ ° m ƒ a p ≈ ] c m [ o \ X I ƒ C u A b ™ t h j Ø n \ p ≈ n ¬ { Z p X K X n b n ¬ t I c f Ø n ¬ A c t ß d n ° g n ™ H f n ∏ n ° m ≥ k m [ n ° p w . F s ‚ s N d p ∏ I m e Ø v N p c n Z m ¿ h n π h s Ø ° p d n ® v] © m _ n I ƒ A d n ™ n i c o c Ø n ¬ t N ¿ ∂ vH ´ n ° n S ° p ∂ X c Ø n e p ≈´ n √ F ∂ p t X m ∂ p ∂ p . h f s c a p d p I n b I Ω o k m b n c p ∂ p ] c n j v° m c w . C t ∏ m ƒ B ^ m j ≥ \ n e h n e n √ F ∂ X v { ] m b Ø n \ p w ÿ e Ø n \ p w A \ p k c n ® vt h j w [ c n ® n B i z m k I c w . s √ ¶ n ¬ I Æ n \ vI c S m I p ∂ X vk v{ X o I f p s S I m c y Ø n ¬ a m { X a √ F g p ] X vh b vI g n ™ t ^ m d n ≥ A © c a o ‰ ¿ k m c n b p a m b n X m c X a y s ∏ S p Ø p t º m ƒd n t ´ ¨ U vA ∏ q ∏ ≥ \ m ´ n ≥ ] p d s Ø \ n ° d p w A e v] N p c n Z m ¿ h f s c k u I c y { ] Z a m b t h j a m W vF ∂ h k v{ X [ m c n W n b m b k p µ c n b p s S ] S w s ] b n ‚ v I m c y Ø n ¬ X ¿ ° a n √ . F ¶ n e p w \ Ω p s S \ m ´ n ¬ s N b vX s s I ø n √ m Ø S o j ¿ ´ p w a p ´ p h s c b p ≈ C t ∏ m ƒ j j vT n ] q ¿ Ø n b p w k ] vX X n b p w I g n ™ t Ã m ° n w M vk p w , s s h I p t ∂ c ß f n ¬ t ] m e p w I q f n w K v h e y Ω a m c p w A Ω q Ω a m c p w H s ° N p c n Z m d n t e ° v • m k p w H s ° A W n ™ v\ S ∂ p t ] m I p ∂ X vI m W p I S ° p ∂ I m g vN N n e t ∏ m ƒ A k z m ÿ y w D f h m ° p t º m ƒ \ Ω p s S N p ≠ p I f n ¬ D u d n h c p ∂ N n c n ∂ p . b m Y m ÿ n X n I a t \ m ` m h Ø n ¬ \ n ∂ v ] p d Ø p A w K o I m c Ø n s ‚ X m I W s a ∂ n √ .

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Kerala Association of Greater Washington

k X o j v_ m _ p ] ø ∂ q ¿

] p g b p s S X o c w h s c H m t ∏ m f p w F t ∂ m s S m ∏ w H m t ∏ m f p s S H m ¿ Ω b n t e ° p ≈ B \ S ∂ p h ∂ p . I p s d a p ≥ ] p s ] b vX a g b n ¬ I p X n ¿ ∂ X n c n ® p t ] m ° vA { X k p J I c a √ t √ m F ∂ vF \ n ° p a W ¬ Ø n ´ n ¬ , R ≠ p I ƒ ] m ™ p \ S ° p ∂ X p t X m ∂ n . A X n \ m ¬ R m ≥ s ] s ´ ∂ v] d ™ p . "a g I ≠ t ∏ m ƒ F \ n ° vI u X p I a m b n . s ] b vX m e v] p g s b ° m W m ≥ H c p t N e q e y t √ ? B a W ¬ Ø n t ´ w A X n \ vI k h p I c b m b n ´ v "X m t g ° n d t ß ≠ D Æ n . a Æ n S n b p w . F √ m w s h ≈ Ø n s ‚ N m e p t ] m s e ] p t g w H t ° y \ \ ™ vI n S ° z m . " X m t g ° n d ß m ≥ X p S ß n b F s ∂ I m W m ≥ c k w . . . . " H m t ∏ m ƒ X S ™ p . R m ≥ s ] s ´ ∂ \ p k c n ® p . H m t ∏ m f p s S a p ∂ n ¬ F ∂ p w R m ≥ H c p s I m ® p I p ´ n "] p g b p s S t h \ ¬ ° m e w F { X t h K w a m d p ∂ p , X s ∂ b m b n c p ∂ p . C ∂ p a s X ; C u C c p ] Ø n s b ´ m w A t √ D Æ o ? " H m t ∏ m ƒ ] X n s b t N m Z n ® p . A h c p s S h ¿ j Ø n e p w . I r j vW a W n I ƒ h √ m s X ] n S b v° p ∂ p ≠ m b n c p ∂ p . "h ‰ n h c ≠ p I n S ∂ ] p g C t ∏ m ] p g b n s e s h ≈ w s X √ vI e ß n ® p h ∂ n c p ∂ p . F s ¥ m c p ∑ t \ j Ø n e m ∂ vt \ m ° q . . . " H m f ß f n ¬ H c p I m ‰ vI p S p ß n ° n S ∏ p s ≠ ∂ vt X m ∂ n . R m ≥ ] p g s b Ø s ∂ t \ m ° n \ n ∂ p . R m ≥ H ∂ p w ] d ™ n √ . ] d t b ≠ s X m ∂ p w F \ n ° d n ™ p I q S m . H m t ∏ m ƒ C ∂ v] I ¬ a p g p h ≥ "F { X I m e m b v∂ t d y m R m \ o ] p g ° t c e v F t ∂ m S v] d ™ X { X b p w C u h m ° p I f n e p w h ∂ n ´ v" ˛ s ] m S p ∂ \ t h H m t ∏ m ƒ G t X m s X f n ™ p \ n ¬ ° p ∂ p . \ j vS s ∏ ´ P o h n X h p w H m ¿ Ω I f n t e ° vh g p X n . "H c p ] m S p I m e m b n h m ¿ ≤ I y Ø n ¬ s s I ∏ n S n b n e n √ m s X t ] m b H c p ] m s S m c p ] m S v. " D u ∂ p h S n b p w .

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k z ¥ a m b n s ´ m c p I q ´ n s √ ¶ n e vI j vS m ∂ p w R m \ n ∏ g m "t h ≠ I m e Ø vH ∂ p w t X m ∂ o √ y m ˛ \ v° p w X n c n ® t d y W X v. " B ¿ ° p w . "H m t ∏ m ƒ ] I ¬ a p g p h ≥ ] d b p I b m b n c p ∂ p . "C t ∏ m ƒ A d p ] X d p ] Ø n c ≠ p H m t ∏ m f p s S B \ \ ™ h m ° p I ƒ F s ‚ h b m b n \ v° v. H m ¿ ° p t º m B s I t ] S n b m h vW p . " a \ n t e ° p t \ t c h ∂ p h o W p . h √ m Ø m c t Ø m s S . h e n s b m c p h o ´ n ¬ a c p a ° f p t S b p w A h c p s S ` a ° f p s S b p w _ l f ß f n ¬ B c p a d n b m s X H m t ∏ m ƒ "R m \ p t Æ y m S vH c p I m c y w t N m Z n ° s ´ . t X ß n ° c b p I b m b n c p ∂ p t h m C u I m e a { X b p w ? D Æ n ß vs \ I d ß n \ S ° z m W t √ m F √ m b n S Ø p w . . . A X v] t £ C ∂ v] p e ¿ s ® C h n s S s b Ø p t h m f w H t c m I m c y Ø n \ m b n ´ , vF h vt S ¶ n e p w F s ∂ t ∏ m s e F \ n ° d n b n √ m b n c p ∂ p .F { X t b m P o h n X w a d ∂ p t ] m b H c m s f I ≠ p a p ´ o ´ v≠ m t h z m ? " h ¿ j ß ƒ ° p t i j a m W vR m ≥ A Ω m s Ø Ø p ∂ X v. H c p H m ¿ Ω s Ø ‰ n ¬ h ∂ n d ß n b X p t ] m s e . H m t ∏ m s f R m ≥ B I Æ p I f n ¬ Ø s ∂ t \ m ° n \ n ∂ p . I ≠ n ´ p X s ∂ h ¿ j w ] Ø p ] X n \ © m b n c n ° W w . H S p h n ¬ h ∂ t ∏ m ƒ A h ¿ a Z n c m i n b n s e s d P n s a ‚ n t e m a t ‰ m B b n c p ∂ p . I y m ] v‰ ≥ ( a n k v) "I ≠ p I n ´ m s W ¶ ve vC u H m t ∏ m s f H m ¿ ° . t k X p e £ va n \ m b ¿ . A ß n s \ t ] s c g p X n b H c p F \ n ° vt ∏ m t h ≠ X vk vt \ l Ø n s ‚ H c p X m ß m . t ^ m t ´ m A I Ø f Ø n ¬ X q ß n ° n S ∏ p ≠ m b n c p ∂ p . ] n S ™ p h o g vt W \ p a p ≥ t ] s s I Ø m ß m s \ m c m f v. s X m ∏ n b n ¬ h n t i j s ∏ ´ H c p ÿ m \ N n ” w . B F s ‚ a m { X w ∂ v] d b m s \ m c m f v. C X v] d b m ≥ t ^ m t ´ m C t ∏ m s g h n s S b m W m t h m ? A S ¿ ∂ v t h ≠ o ´ m R m ≥ D Æ o s S m Ø v] p d t Ø ° n d ß n b X v. h o W p S ™ t ∏ m ƒ F S p Ø p a m ‰ n b X m h m w . C X vD Æ n a m { X a d n ™ m a X n . B s f I ≠ vI n ´ y m c l k y m b n ´ vD Æ n F s ∂ A d n b n ° m . R m \ n d ß n H c p s d P n s a ‚ n ¬ \ n ∂ va s ‰ m c p h t ∂ m f m w . " H m t ∏ m ƒ ] d ™ p s I m t ≠ b n c p ∂ p . s d P n s a ‚ n t e ° p ≈ b m { X b n ¬ I y m ] v‰ ≥ C S b v° vh m ° p I ƒ C S d n a p d n ™ p . t k X p e £ va n \ m b ¿ P o h n X w a d ∂ p s h ∂ v] d b m t a m ? A ß s \ X o ¿ Ø p w ] d ™ p I q S m . A h ¿ I r X y a m b p w "D Æ n a d t ° z m C u H m t ∏ m ƒ ] d b vW I m c y w ? " h o ´ n t e ° v] W a b ° p I b p w a c p a ° ƒ k vt \ l a X n b m b A — ≥ s ] ß f p s S \ n t £ ] w "C √ R m \ t \ z j n ° m w . " k z ¥ w \ n e b n ¬ s I ´ n S ß ƒ ° p w s s X ∏ d º p I ƒ ° p a m b n D ] t b m K s ∏ S p Ø p I b p w ] Ø m b ∏ p c b v° p a p I ƒ Ø ´ n ¬ { ] m h p I ƒ s N b vX p . A X v] t £ H m t ∏ m f d n ™ X vh f s c N n d I S n ® p s I m ≠ n c p ∂ p . C c p ´ p h o W p I d p Ø a p ‰ Ø v, s s h I n b m W v. t P m e n b n ¬ \ n ∂ p w C \ n b p w k ‘ y m Z o ] w s X f n ™ n ´ n √ m Ø X p f k n Ø d ] n c n ™ p h c p t º m ƒ H m t ∏ m f p s S s s I ø n ¬ I S ∂ vR ß ƒ A I t Ø ° vI b d n . A I Ø v c m P y t k h \ Ø n \ p I n ´ n b H c p I p ™ p ß f p s S _ l f w . A Ω a m c p s S i I m c w . k ¿ ´ n ^ n ° ‰ p ≠ m b n c p ∂ p . A X n e n ß s \ B W p ß f p s S h o c k y w ] d ® n ¬ F g p X n b n c p ∂ p . B fl m ¿ ∏ W t Ø m s S I ¿ Ø h y w \ n d t h ‰ n b [ o c h \ n X b v° v[ \ y h m Z w . B t c m S p w b m { X ] d b m s X R m ≥ ] S n b n d ß n . H m t ∏ m ƒ a m { X w F \ n ° p ] n d s I h ∂ p . H m t ∏ m ƒ C ∂ vF \ n ° p t h ≠ n B X p f k n Ø d b v° c n s I A h ¿ \ n ∂ p A t ∏ m s g m c p k ¿ ´ n ^ n ° ‰ vs ] m S n X ´ n s b S p Ø p . h e n s b m c p X W p Ø I m ‰ vH c p a g b v° p a p t ∂ m S n s b ∂ t ] m s e C c p º p s ] ´ n b p s S A S n b n s e h n s S t b m A s X m f n ™ p h o i n h c p ∂ p ≠ m b n c p ∂ p F ∂ n t e ° v. I n S ∏ p ≠ m b n c p ∂ p . A X n ¬ \ c ® A £ c ß ƒ h n d s I m ≈ p ∂ X vR m ≥ I ≠ p . H m t ∏ m f p s S a g b n e q s S b p w I m ‰ n e q s S b p w \ \ s ™ m c p I Æ o c n ‰ p h o W vA X v] n s ∂ \ \ ™ p . c m { X n b n e q s S b p w _ t m S p t º m ƒ R m ≥ A Ω b p s S B H m t ∏ m s f ° p d n ® vN n ¥ n ® p s I m t ≠ b n c p ∂ p . A Ω "D Æ n s b ¥ m H ∂ p w ] d y m t Ø ? " H m t ∏ m ƒ h n f n ° p ∂ X p t I ´ m W vR m \ p a h s c H m t ∏ m s f ∂ v F s ‚ A c n I n t e ° vh ∂ p . ] p g b n ¬ \ n ∂ vH c p \ \ p Ø h n f n ® p X p S ß n b X v. ] t £ C ∂ vA Ω A h s c I m ‰ vh o i n ° S ∂ p t ] m b n . I m ‰ n ¬ H t ∏ m f p s S A ß s \ h n f n ° p ∂ p s ≠ ∂ vF \ n ° p t X m ∂ p ∂ n √ . s h ≈ n Ø e a p S n ] d ∂ p e b p ∂ X vR m ≥ I ≠ p . H m ¿ ° p ∂ p X s ∂ b p ≠ m h n √ H c p ] t £ . "H m t ∏ m f n ß s \ Z p x J n ° m ≥ a m { X w F t ∏ m t g m F s ‚ N n ¥ a p d n ™ p . H ∂ p w ≠ m b n ´ n √ m ∂ m \ v° vt X m ∂ vt W . I p ™ q t ´ ´ \ p w H ∂ p d ß n b p W c p t º m g p w _ vH m S p I X s ∂ b m W v. h m t k ´ \ p s a m s ° H t ∏ m s f t \ m ° vW vt √ y C t ∏ m . " ] p d Ø va g b S ß n t b m ? R m ≥ j ´ d p b ¿ Ø n s h ® p . _ vG t X m ] p g ° c b n e q s S k a m ¥ c a m b n ] m b p I b m b n c p ∂ p . A X n s e H m f ß f n ¬ c m { X n b p s S "R m ≥ ] d ™ n t √ D Æ o , A h s c h f ¿ Ø n \ n d ß ƒ h o W e n b p ∂ X vR m ≥ I ≠ p . C u \ n t e e m ° o X vR m ≥ X ∂ y m . F ∂ m e p w F h n s S \ n t ∂ m H c p i _ vZ w A t ∏ m ƒ F s ‚ I m X n ¬ A h ¿ ° p w R m s \ m c p ` m c a m b n Ø p S ß o ∂ m a r Z p h m b n h ∂ p \ n d b p I b m W v. ] p g b p s S t X m ∂ vW v. F √ m ¿ t S w P o h n X Ø n \ vC X p t ] m s e H c p h \ ¬ ° m e w F { X t h K w a m d p ∂ p , A t √ D Æ o . . . . s s h I p t ∂ c w ≠ m h p ∂ p w , A t ∏ m a n ≠ m \ p w ] d y m \ p w t

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t U m . F k v. F k v. e m ¬

a s ‰ m c m s f k l m b n ° m ≥ F { X F f p ∏ a m W v. ] I c w k w h n [ m \ ß ƒ G ¿ s ∏ S p Ø m Ø X m W v k l m b n ° m \ p ≈ a t \ m ` m h h p w X o c p a m \ h p w a m { X w C h n S s Ø ] c m P b w . k a ¿ ∞ c m b t h s d s b m c p ] m S v D ≠ m b m ¬ a X n . B h i y a p ≈ k a b h p w k w h n [ m \\ √ t U m I vS ¿ k p l r Ø p ° ƒ A h n s S Ø s ∂ t P m e n ß f p w X m s \ D ≠ m I p w . k l m b n ® p I g n b p t º m ƒ s N ø p ∂ p ≠ v. ] t £ . A h ¿ \ n l m b c m b n c p ∂ p . C c p I q ´ ¿ ° p w D ≠ m I p ∂ k t ¥ m j w t h s d . F ∂ m ¬ A h ¿ ° vH ∏ n S m ≥ A [ n I m c a n √ . k w K X n \ S ° m s X k l m b n ° m \ p ≈ H c h k c w s s I h ∂ m ¬ A X v h ∂ t ∏ m ƒ B s c b p w I m Ø p \ n ¬ ° m s X \ m ´ n s e I r X y a m b n D ] t b m K n ® vt { Z m l w s N ø p ∂ h c p a p ≠ v. N n e k p l r Ø p ° ƒ t N ¿ ∂ va c p ∂ n \ p t h ≠ X n s ‚ H c m ƒ F ¥ n \ m W va s ‰ m c m s f D ] { Z h n ° m ≥ ] I p X n t b m f w X p I k w ` m h \ s N b vX p . _ m ° n ] W w { i a n ° p ∂ s X ∂ vF { X B t e m N n ® m e p w ] n S n I n ´ m ≥\ n ¿ ≤ \ b m b B k v{ X o ; t c m K i ø b n ¬ I n S ∂ v { ] b m k a m W v. P \ ß ƒ ° vD ] I m c w s N ø m s \ ∂] e n i b vs ° S p Ø p . k ¿ ° m ¿ ] ≤ X n I f n ¬ A h ¿ t ] c n ¬ i º f w ] ‰ p ∂ h ¿ X s ∂ X n c n ™ v\ n ∂ v ° m b n B h i y Ø n \ v] W w D ≈ t ∏ m ƒ . A h ¿ D ] { Z h n ® m ¬ B t c m S p ] d b p w . ? F g p t ∂ ‰ p \ S ° p s a ∂ vt U m I vS ¿ a m ¿ ° p t ] m e p w D d ∏ n √ m b n c p ∂ p . . A ß s \ B t e m N n ° p t º m ƒ C u N p c p ° w ] s ≠ m s ° N n e k ¿ ° m c m ^ o k p I f n ¬I p Ø n h b v∏ v B h i y a m b n c p t ∂ m F ∂ a s ‰ m c p I ≠ n c p ∂ C u h n t c m [ m ` m k w a ‰ p t N m Z y w \ n e \ n ¬ ° p ∂ p . B k v{ X o s b B { i b n ® v ÿ m ] \ ß f n t e ° p w h y m ] n ® p I m W p ∂ X v h r ≤ b m b A Ω b p w c ≠ vs N d n b I p ´ n I f p w A h ¿ ° p Z p x J I c a m W v. s ] m X p P \ ß f p s S t k h I c m t I ≠ h ¿N p ‰ p a p ≠ v. I ≈ p I p S n ® p \ S ° p ∂ ` ¿ Ø m h vX s ‚ b P a m \ ∑ m c m b n s ] c p a m d p ∂ I m g vN b m W v ` m c y B i p ] { X n b n e m b h n h c w X s ∂ A d n ™ n ´ n √ . F h n s S b p w . P \ ß f p s S I ø n s e ] W w s I m ≠ p a m { X w _ m ¿ \ n t c m [ \ s a m ∂ p w C X n b m s \ _ m [ n ® n ´ n √ . [ \ a n S ] m S v\ S Ø n \ n e \ n ¬ ° p ∂ _ m ¶ p I f n e p w , N n I n ’ b v° vI S s a S p Ø s s ] k k q £ n ® p s h ® n s √ P o h ≥ c £ n ° m \ m b n { ] h ¿ Ø n ° p ∂ ¶ n ¬ A X p w I q S n I s ´ S p Ø vI ≈ p I p S n s ® ∂ p h c p w . B i p ] { X n I f n e p w H s ° C X p t ] m s e b P a m \ ∑ m c p s S k m ∂ n ≤ y w I q S n h c n I b m W v. { ] h m k n b m b n k z m [ o \ h p w k m a ¿ ∞ y h p w D ≈ h ¿ ° va m { X t a P o h n ° p t º m g p w \ m ´ n s e I m c y ß f n ¬ C S s ] t S ≠ n k ¿ ° m ¿ B i p ] { X n I f n ¬ t ] m e p w C Ø c w h c p t º m g p ≠ m I p ∂ A \ p ` h ß f m W vC s X g p X m ≥B \ p I q e y ß ƒ k w L S n ∏ n s ® S p ° m ≥ I g n b q s h ∂ v t { ] c n ∏ n ° p ∂ X v. H c p t U m I vS ¿ k p l r Ø vX s ∂ t h Z \ t b m s S F t ∂ m S v] d ™ p . H c m ƒ ° v\ y m b a m b n I n t ´ ≠ I m c y ß ƒ X S ™ p s h ° p t º m ƒ a m { X t a X s ‚ C u b S p Ø v\ S s ∂ m c p k w ` h w . \ n ¿ ≤ \ b p w A [ n I m c h p w _ e h p w { ] I S a m ° m ≥ I g n b q s h ∂ v Z m c n { Z t c J b v° vh f s c X m s g I g n b p ∂ h c p a m b s X ‰ n [ c n ° p ∂ h c p ≠ v. \ n l m b c p s S s \ © n ¬ H c p k v{ X o ° vN n I n ’ b v° v] W a n √ m Ø I m c y w N h n ´ p t º m ƒ i ‡ c m s W ∂ vk z b w [ c n ° p ∂ h ¿ . H c p k p l r Ø p h g n A d n ™ vC S s ] S m ≥ C h s c m s ° A [ n I m c ÿ m \ ß f n ¬ F Ø p ∂ X m W v t \ m ° n b t ∏ m g p ≠ m b A \ p ` h w . \ m U o h y h ÿ b v° v X p S ° Ø n t e X S t b ≠ X v. h ∂ t c m K Ø n s ‚ N n I n ’ b m ° m b n a q ∂ p e £ w c q ] b n e [ n I w h n e b p ≈ I p Ø n h b v∏ v A t ] £ n ° p ∂ h c p s S a t \ m ` m h h p w a p ≥ I m e t h W a m b n c p ∂ p A h ¿ ° v. k ¿ ° m c n s ‚ I m c p W y N c n { X h p w ] c n t i m [ n ° m s X s h d p w F g p Ø p ^ ≠ n ¬ \ n ∂ p w A h ¿ ° vA ¿ l X b p ≠ v. ] t £ ] c o £ b n s e a m ¿ ° va m { X w ( ] n s ∂ i p ] m ¿ i b p w ) I m c y w \ S ° p ∂ n √ . A h c p s S Z p c n X w A d n ™ t ∏ m ƒ t \ m ° n t P m e n s ° S p ° p ∂ X p s I m ≠ m W v{ ] [ m \ R m \ p w s a U n ° ¬ t I m t f P vk q { ] ≠ n s \ t ^ m W n ¬ a m b p w C Ø c w D ] t b m K i q \ y ¿ \ √ I t k c I f n ¬ h n f n ® p . A t ± l Ø n s ‚ H c p H ∏ p t h W w I m c y w I b d n ∏ ‰ p ∂ X v. ÿ m ] \ t a [ m h n I ƒ ° vt \ X r X z K p W \ S ° W s a ¶ n ¬ . ] t £ , k q { ] ≠ vF t ∏ m g p w n √ m Ø X n \ m e p w ] e t ∏ m g p w A h c p w t a ¬ ∏ d ™ X n c ° n e m W v. A X vb m Y m ¿ ∞ y h p a m W v. F ∂ m ¬ a

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a m ¿ § ß f n e q s S t P m e n t \ S p ∂ h c m b X n \ m e p w s X m g n ¬ s N ø m ≥ I g n b p t a m F ∂ v B ¿ ° p w B s c b p w \ n b { ¥ n ° m \ p a m h p ∂ n √ . ] c n t i m [ n t ® ° m w . ] t £ H c p ] W n b p s a S p ° p ∂ X v D ] { Z h I m c n I f m b H c p \ y q \ ] £ a m b n c n ° p w C j vS a √ ¶ n ¬ D ≈ \ j vS ] c n l m c w h m ß n ] e t ∏ m g p w H c p ÿ m ] \ Ø n s \ s a m Ø a m b n h o ´ n e n c n t ° ≠ n h c p w . a { ¥ n s b A d n b m w , F w . F ¬ . F . I f ¶ s ∏ S p Ø p ∂ X p w . ] e k ¿ ° m ¿ H m ^ o k p I f n e p w b p s S h I b n s e A f n b \ m W v, B ƒ s s Z h Ø n s ‚ ÿ m ] \ ß f n e p w a \ p j y ¿ t ] m I m ≥ t ] S n ° p ∂¢ ∫ n s e A w K a m W vF s ∂ m ∂ p w ÿ e ß f m b n a m d n b n c n ° p ∂ p . ` o j W n s ∏ S p Ø n b m ¬ H ∂ p w \ S ° n √ . I r X y a m b a m \ Z fi ß f p s S A S n ÿ m \ Ø n e m W vC s X m s ° s N ø p ∂ X v. A X p s I m ≠ p X s ∂ I m c y ß ƒ C ß s \ s b m s ° s b \ S ° q s h ∂ v a e [ n I m c n b p s S a m \ k n I m h ÿ b p t S t b m h y ‡ n h n i z k n ® vC u A h ÿ s b h n [ n t ] m s e k l n ° m ≥t _ ‘ Ø n s ‚ t b m k z m [ o \ w X o c p a m \ Ø n ¬ s ] m X p P \ w ] T n ® n c n ° p ∂ p . s s I ° q e n s I m S p t Ø m , k m [ m c W K X n b n ¬ D ≠ m I m d n √ . A Y h m D ≠ m b m ¬ k z m [ o \ a p ] t b m K n t ® m I m c y ß ƒ \ S Ø n s b S p ° p I t a e [ n I m c n t b b p w t N m Z y w s N ø m \ p ≈ k w h n [ m \ F ∂ c o X n t b m S vk m [ m c W ° m c ≥ ß ƒ D ≠ v. t P m e n b n s e { ] I S \ w I r X y a m b n k a c k s ∏ ´ n c n ° p ∂ p . \ m ´ n s e h e n b n e b n c p Ø p ∂ k ¿ ° m ¿ ÿ m ] \ ß ƒ \ m ´ n e p t ≠ m A g n a X n I ƒ s ° X n s c F √ m h c p w H ® h b v° p t º m ƒh F ∂ d n b n √ . k z I m c y ÿ m ] \ ß ƒ ° vG X m ≠ v s s Z \ w Z n \ P o h n X Ø n s e s N d n b A g n a X n I ƒ ß \ t b { ] h ¿ Ø n ° m ≥ I g n b q F ∂ p a d n b m w . ] W n { i ≤ n ° s ∏ S m s X t ] m I p ∂ p . A ∏ t ∏ m ƒ I ≠C s N ø m ≥ ] d b p t º m ƒ s I m S n s ] m ° n I m W n ® p h n j b ß f n s e X ¬ ° m e h g ° p I ƒ ° √ m s X h n c ´ n b m ¬ P \ \ ∑ b p w ] p t c m K a \ h p w h n I k \ h p w I m c y ß ƒ s ] m X p h m b n s a ® s ∏ S p Ø p ∂ I m c y Ø n ¬ H s ° I S e m k n ¬ Ø s ∂ \ n ¬ ° p w . i º f ° p d h p w c m j v{ S o b t \ X r X z ß ƒ ° p w X m ¬ ] c y w I m W p ∂ n √ . h e n b P o h n X s ® e h p w H s ° A w K o I c n ° s ∏ ´ ` c W { ] X n ] £ h y X y m k a n √ m s X ] W n s N ø m Ø k X y ß ƒ X s ∂ . ] t £ A s X m ∂ p w s s I ° q e n D t Z y m K ÿ t c b p w s s I ° q e n h m ß n ] W n h m ß p ∂ X n \ p w P \ Ø n s ‚ s \ © n ¬ I b d p ∂ X n \ p w s N ø p ∂ h t c b p w H s ° F ¥ p s N ø m ≥ I g n b p w ? H s ° b p ≈ \ y m b ß f √ . P \ ß ƒ \ n ¿ _ ‘ n ® n ´ √ D Ø c w I n ´ m Ø t N m Z y s a m ∂ p a √ C X v. B c p w k ¿ ° m c p t ± y m K ÿ \ m b X v. k z b w X c s ™ S p Ø X m W v. ] W n s N ø m Ø h s c ] d ™ vh o ´ n ¬ h n S m \ p ≈s \ n b a ß ƒ t h W w . A X v\ S ∏ n e m ° m \ p w I g n b W w . ≠ vk ¿ ° m ¿ t P m e n b n e n c n ° p t º m ƒ F \ n ° p ≠ m b t P m e n b n s e { ] I S \ w I r X y a m b n h n e b n c p Ø n a m { X w ] H c \ p ` h h p w I q S n C h n s S ] d b m w . 1 9 9 9 ˛ e m W vF \ n ° v s X m g n e n ¬ X p S c m \ p w t P m e n ° b ‰ w e ` n ° m \ p w t e m I m t c m K y k w L S \ b n ¬ B Z y s Ø t P m e n ° p ≈ I g n b p ∂ ÿ n X n k ¿ ° m ¿ H m ^ o k p I f n e p w D ≠ m D Ø c h ve ` n ° p ∂ X v. X p S ° Ø n ¬ t I c f Ø n s ‚ b p w I W w . C Ø c w k w h n [ m \ Ø n ¬ X s ∂ h ¿ j ß f m b n e £ Z z o ] n s ‚ b p w N p a X e . F s ∂ ¶ n e p w k ¿ ° m ¿ ] W n s b S p ° p ∂ H c m s f ∂ D Ø c h m Z n X z t Ø m s S ¿ ∆ o k n t e ° vX n c n s I t ] m I W s a ∂ vB { K l w X s ∂ b m W n X v] d b p ∂ X v. H c m f p s S D t Z y m K Ø n s ek D ≠ m b n c p ∂ X p s I m ≠ vs U ] y q t ´ j \ vA t ] £ n ® p . { ] I S \ w I q s S t P m e n s N ø p ∂ h c p w a ‰ p N n e s ‚ s N d n b A t ] £ ` c W k n c m t I { µ Ø n s e ÿ m ] \ ß f n s e D t Z y m K ÿ c p w h n e b n c p Ø p ∂F e n s b m c p N p g n b n ¬ s ∏ ´ p I m W m X m b n . ] c n N b X m W v\ √ ÿ m ] \ ß f n s e ] e X n t e b p w c o X n . C uh a p ≠ m b n c p ∂ H c p A U o j W ¬ s k { I ´ d n F s ∂ h n e b n c p Ø e p I f p t S b p w A ` n { ] m b ß f p t S b p w I q S n l m b n ° m ≥ ^ b e n \ m b n h e n b h e h n c n ® p . A S n ÿ m \ Ø n e m W vt a e [ n I m c n D t Z y m K ÿ s ‚ k c ≠ m g v® I g n ™ t ∏ m ƒ I n ´ n b ^ b ¬ I ≠ vA t ± l w { ] I S \ s Ø ∏ ‰ n b p ≈ d n t ∏ m ¿ ´ p ≠ m ° p ∂ X v. R ´ n t ∏ m b n . F ¥ p s I m ≠ vR m ≥ t e m I m t c m K y A X \ p k c n ® m W vs X m g n e n ¬ X p S c m \ p ≈ A h I m i w s w L S \ b n ¬ t P m e n ° p t N c m ≥ ] m S n s √ ∂ H c p D ≠ m I p ∂ X v. A √ m s X I ø q ° n s ‚ b p w b q W n b ≥ k h e n b D ] \ y m k a m b n c p ∂ p ^ b e n ¬ . R m ≥ A w K X z Ø n s ‚ b p w A S n ÿ m \ Ø n e √ .H c p t P m e n t ] m b m ¬ B t c m K y h I p ∏ n ¬ ` q I º w H g n ® va s ‰ √ m w s N ø m ≥ I g n b m s X h c p ∂ b m ƒ ° va t ‰ s X ¶ n e p w

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k w ` h n ° p s a ∂ v^ b e n ¬ D ≠ m b n c p ∂ p . D ] \ y m C s X m s ° s N ø p ∂ X p s I m ≠ vF ¥ p { ] i v\ w k Ø n s e G t X m H c p h c n s ] s ´ ∂ vN p h ∂ a j n h ∂ m e p w C h c m c p w F \ n s ° X n s c H c p h m ° v s I m ≠ vA U o j W ¬ s k { I ´ d n A S b m f s ∏ S p Ø n . ] d b n √ . A X p a m { X a √ h n j b w . C u s I m S p Ø t Z j y w \ n b { ¥ n ° m \ m h m s X A t ± l w R m \ n ] n c n h p I ƒ A h n s S ° n S n ° p ∂ t c m K n I f p s S _ n √ n ¬ c n ° p ∂ X p t ] m e p w a d ∂ vD ] \ y m k I s \ t ^ m W n ¬X s ∂ I b d p s a ∂ I m c y Ø n ¬ k w i b a p t ≠ m ? h n f n ® p ` ¿ ’ n ® p . t e m I m t c m K y k w L S \ H c p C X √ m s X B t U m I vS ¿ ° va ‰ p h g n D ≠ m t b ° n √ . k z I m c y I º \ n b m s W ∂ vF g p X n s h ® n c p ∂ X m W v s X c s ™ S p ∏ vI g n ™ vN n I n ’ b n s e G d n h c p ∂ A t ± l Ø n s ‚ c ‡ w X n f ∏ n ® X v. h n h c t ° S n \ p w s N e h n s \ ° p d n ® vs k a n \ m ¿ \ S Ø m \ p w c m j v{ S o b H c X n c p s ≠ ∂ vA t ± l w ] d ™ p . ] n ¬ ° m e Ø v ] m ¿ ´ n I ƒ ° vk a b w I s ≠ Ø W w . F ∂ X m W v a \ k vX m ] t Ø m s S k ¿ ° m ¿ k ¿ ∆ o k vD t ] £ n ® X p w X a m i . C X p t ] m s e m c p D ] \ y m k I m c W w X s ∂ . "s s I ° q e n ] d b p t º m ƒ a p g p h ≥ ] d b W a t √ m . A S p Ø I m e Ø v h m ß p ∂ h c m W vt N ´ m s a ® w . " F ∂ vA S p Ø n s S H c p R m ≥ \ m ´ n ¬ h ∂ t ∏ m ƒ F s ∂ A X n i b n ∏ n ® N n e _ ‘ p ] d ™ X p t I ´ t ∏ m ƒ B Z y s a m ∂ p s R ´ n . \ √ I m c y ß f p w \ S ∂ p . B [ m ¿ I m ¿ U n \ m b n A h ¿ ° p w B h i y a p ≈ X p s I m ≠ vs s I ° q e n A £ b H m ^ o k n ¬ s N ∂ t ∏ m ƒ s s h I p t ∂ c w h m ß p ∂ h ¿ t h K w I m c y ß ƒ \ S Ø n Ø c p w . A © p a W n I g n ™ p t ] m b n . A ∂ vc m { X n b m W vF s ‚ a S ° b m { X s b ∂ vA h n s S _ m ° n b p ≠ m b n c p ∂ ] p t c m K a \ h m Z n b m b n c p ∂ s N d p ∏ ° m c ≥ _ ‘ p s N d p ∏ ° m c t \ m S v] d ™ t ∏ m ƒ A b m ƒ t h K w t I m ¨ { S m I vS v] W n X p S ß n b t ∏ m ƒ F { X B t c t b m t ^ m W n ¬ h n f n ® p .F ∂ n ´ vR ß t f m S v { ] m t b m K n K h m Z n b m b n c n ° p ∂ p !t I m ¨ { S m I vS p I f n s e ] Ø p a n \ n ´ vI m Ø n c n ° m ≥ ] d ™ p . I n X ® p s I m ≠ v s s I ° q e n b p s S i X a m \ ° W ° vt I ´ m ¬ S n I b d n h ∂ s N d p ∏ ° m c n A h n S s Ø H c p t ] S n b m I p w . ] m e ß ƒ s I ´ n h c p t º m ƒ I e p ¶ p I ƒ] P o h \ ° m c n b m b n c p ∂ p . h o ´ n t e ° vs ] m b v° g n ™ n C f I n t ∏ m I p ∂ X n s ‚ I m c W w t h s d A t \ z j n t ° ≠ c p ∂ A h s c A h n s S b p ≠ m b n c p ∂ b m ƒ X n c n s I I m c y a n √ . ] p X p X m b n s I ´ n b B i p ] { X n b p s S n f n ® X m b n c p ∂ p . _ p ≤ n a p ´ n ® X n ¬ F \ n ° h t c m S v I q c b n S n ™ p h o W vt c m K n a c n ° p ∂ I m e Ø v] m e w h a m ∏ p ] d b W s a ∂ p t X m ∂ n . X I ¿ ∂ m ¬ B c p s R ´ m ≥ ? s N d p ∏ ° m c m b D t Z y m K ÿ c p w s s I ° q e n h m ß p ∂ X vI m W p t º m ƒ \ √ I m c y ß ƒ X o ¿ ∂ n √ . ] p X n b ] m k vt ] m ¿ ´ n \ v k ¶ S w h c p ∂ p . s s I ° q e n ] W s a √ m w A t ] £ n ® Z n h k w X s ∂ k m [ \ w s s I ø n ¬ I n ´ n . F t Ø ≠ S Ø p X s ∂ F Ø p ∂ p ≠ v.A X p s I m ≠ m W v ] m k vt ] m ¿ ´ vH m ^ o k n s e P o h \ ° m c p s S c m j v{ S o b ] m ¿ ´ n I s f √ m w C ° m c y Ø n ¬ a m \ y X t b m s S b p w k vt \ l t Ø m s S b p a p ≈ s ] c p a m ‰ w A h n k z k \ o b a m b \ n » _ vZ X ] p e ¿ Ø p ∂ X v. F ∂ n ¬ ÿ e I m e { ` a w D ≠ m ° n b n s √ ∂ p ] d ™ m ¬ a X n b t √ m . I m c y ß ƒ F f p ∏ a m ° m ≥ D ] t Z i ß ƒ I p d ® vh ¿ j ß ƒ ° p a p º vF s ‚ I q s S ] T n ® H c p X ∂ k p l r Ø m W vH S p h n ¬ k w K X n b p s S c l k y w t U m I vS s d b q t d m ∏ n ¬ s h ® vI m W m ≥ C S b m b n . H c p d ™ p X ∂ X v. ] m k vt ] m ¿ ´ vH m ^ o k n ¬ I ≠ a o ‰ n w K n \ vh ∂ X m b n c p ∂ p A b m ƒ . t I c f Ø n ¬ ] a n ° h m d p w P o h \ ° m ¿ k z I m c y ÿ m ] \ Ø n s ‚ h e n s b m c p B i p ] { X n \ S Ø p I b m W v. H c p h I b m W v. ] W n s N b vX n s √ ¶ n ¬ ] W n t ] m I p s a ∂ v ] m ¿ e s a ‚ vs X c s ™ S p ∏ vI g n ™ k a b a m b n c p ∂ p . d ∏ p ≈ h ¿ . A X p s I m ≠ v] m k vt ] m ¿ s ´ S p ° m ≥ { ] [ m \ s ∏ ´ a q ∂ p ] m ¿ ´ n I ƒ ° p w A h ¿ \ S Ø n b D N ∂ F \ n ° v] W n I n ´ n b n √ . A ß s \ , t I c f b m { X I ƒ ° vt U m I vS ¿ s I m S p Ø k w ` m h \ s t h W s a ¶ n ¬ N ° X n c p h \ ¥ ] p c Ø p w t I ´ vR m ≥ a q ° Ø vh n c ¬ s h ® p . A X p I ≠ v I m b v° p s a ∂ va \ n e m b n . A t ± l w ] d ™ p . C s X m ∂ p w h e n b I m c y a √ .

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t U m .A e I vk m ≠ ¿

h n \ o X \ m b { ] K ¬ ` a X n ( t X m a k vt P m k v\ S Ø n b A ` n a p J w )

A t a c n ° ≥ K h . s l ¬ Ø vF I vk n I y q ´ o h m b n C ¥ y ° m c \ p w C t ± l a m W v. 3 0 ¬ ] c w h ¿ j w t k h \ w s N b vX t i j w h n Z y m ` y m k ˛ K t h j W ] ≤ X n I ƒ h n c a n ® vh n { i a P o h n X w \ b n ° p ∂ h n P b I c a m b n \ S ∏ m ° p ∂ X n \ vt U m . t U m . A e I vk vA e I vk m ≠ d p s S a l \ o bA e I vk m ≠ d p s S { ] h ¿ Ø \ ß ƒ h f s c t \ ´ ß ƒ G s X m c p a e b m f n ° p w D ] I m c s ∏ ´ p . A t a c n ° b n s e h n h n [ A ` n a m \ n ° m h p ∂ X m W v. a { Z m k vs a U n ° ¬s a U n ° ¬ b q W n t h g vk n ‰ n I f n ¬ t I m t f P n ¬ \ n ∂ p w s s h Z y i m k v{ X Ø n ¬ A ≤ y m ] I \ m b n { ] h ¿ Ø n ® C t ± l s Ø _ n c p Z w t \ S n b t i j w A t a c n ° b n t e ° v B t c m K y ˛ [ \ i m k v{ X Ø n e p w s l ¬ Ø vs I b ¿ I p S n t b d p I b p w t P m ≥ k vt l m ] vI n ≥ k v A U va n \ n k vt { S j \ n e p w h n Z K vZ \ b m b n t l m k v] n ‰ e n ¬ \ n ∂ p w D ] c n ] T \ w K W n ° s ∏ ´ n c p ∂ p . ] q ¿ Ø n b m ° n A t a c n ° ≥ B ¿ a n b n ¬ s a U n ° ¬ H m ^ o k d m b n t k h \ w World Health Organisation, US Agency for International Development, Social Security B c w ` n ° p I b p w s N b vX A t ± l w B ¿ a n b n ¬ Administration, US Public Health Service t I W ¬ ] Z h n h s c F Ø n b n c p ∂ p . ∂ n h n S ß f n ¬ I ¨ k ¬ ´ ‚ vB b n h n c a n ° p t º m ƒ s h { S ≥ k vA ^ t b k n ¬ F { ] h ¿ Ø n ® n c p ∂ p t U m . A e I v k m ≠ ¿ . N o ^ vs a U n ° ¬ H m ^ o k d m b n c p ∂ p b p . F k v. B ¿ a n b n ¬ \ n ∂ p w Leigion of Merit t U m . A e I vk m ≠ ¿ . h n ¿ P o \ n b , t \ m ¿ Ø v D ƒ s ∏ s S [ m c m f w K h . _ l p a X n I f p w I t c m P n \ , s h Ã vh n ¿ P o \ n b F ∂ o a q ∂ p A t ± l w I c ÿ a m ° n b n ´ p ≠ v . 2 6 i m k v{ X o b t a J e I f n s e s h { S ≥ k vs a U n ° ¬ { ] _ ‘ ß ƒ X ø m d m ° n b n ´ p ≈ t U m . s k ‚ d p I ƒ H t c k a b w U b d I vS vs N b vX G I A e I vk m ≠ ¿ ] T n ∏ n ° p ∂ X n \ vD ] t b m K n ® I p d n ∏ p I ƒ t l m ] vI n ≥ k vb q W n t h g vk n ‰ n { K ‘ ß f m ° n D ] t b m K n ° p ∂ p . K h ¨ s a ‚ n s ‚ b p w k ¿ ∆ I e m i m e I f p s S ] e i m k v{ X a m k n I I f p t S b p w F U n ‰ d m b n { ] h ¿ Ø n ° p h m \ p w C t ± l w k a b w I ≠ n c p ∂ p . t U m . A e I vk m ≠ d p a m b n { i o t X m a k vt P m k v\ S Ø n b A ` n a p J Ø n ¬ \ n ∂ p w . ? t U . F . ] n . s P . A _ vZ p ƒ I e m a p a m b n ´ p ≈ ] c n N b s Ø ∏ ‰ n t I ´ n ´ p ≠ v. h n h c n ° m t a m ?

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a { Z m k n ¬ ] T n ° p t º m ƒ t U m . I e m a n s \ m ∏ w A h k m \ n ° p I b p w k w ÿ m \ ß ƒ H t c a p d n b n ¬ 4 h ¿ j w R m ≥ X m a k n ® n c p ∂ p . ` m j m S n ÿ m \ Ø n ¬ \ n e h n ¬ h c p I b p w R ß t f m s S m ∏ w a q ∂ m a s X m c m ƒ s N b vX I m e a m b n c p ∂ p A X v. 6 7 I q S n b p ≠ m b n c p ∂ p . C t ∏ m ƒ k o ‰ p I f n t e ° v3 5 A t ] £ I ¿ t U m . k º Ø vI p a m ¿ . t U m . I e m a n s ‚ a m { X a p ≠ m b n c p ∂ n ´ p w R m ≥ X ≈ s ∏ ´ X n s ‚ B fl I Y b n ¬ C u { X n a q ¿ Ø n I s f ° p d n ® p h m i n ° vt P m ¨ k vt l m ] vI n ≥ b q W n t h g vk n ‰ n ¬ A t ] £ n ° p I b p w ] c m a ¿ i a p ≠ v. (Wings of Fire - Page 14) t U m . { ] t h i \ w e ` n ° p I b p w s N b v X p . I e m w C ¥ y ≥ { ] k n U ‚ m b n c p ∂ t ∏ m ƒ R ß ƒ a q h c p w H c n ° ¬ I q S n I ≠ n c p ∂ p . ? B Z y I m e a e b m f n I p S n t b ‰ ° m c n ¬ H c m ƒ F ∂ \ n e b n ¬ A t a c n ° b n ¬ D ≠ m b ? A t a c n ° b n t e ° vI p S n t b d p h m \ p ≈ A \ p ` h ß ƒ F ß n s \ B b n c p ∂ p . ? I m c W w F ¥ m b n c p ∂ p . ? 1 9 6 2 F ∂ X vh f s c h n Z q c a m b H c p ` q X I m e a √ { ] [ m \ I m c W w t P m ≥ k vt l m k v] n ‰ ¬ X s ∂ . F ¶ n e p w A ∂ v a e b m f n I ƒ F ∂ √ a s ‰ m c p I m c W w k z ¥ w \ m ´ n ¬ C ¥ y ° m ¿ X s ∂ A t a c n ° b n ¬ h f s c A \ p ` h n t ° ≠ n h c p ∂ h w i o b h n t h N \ w . I p d h m b n c p ∂ p . F s ‚ A d n h n ¬ A ∂ va q ∂ v a { Z m k vk ¿ ∆ I e m i m e b n ¬ \ n ∂ p w C ¥ y ° m ¿ a m { X t a _ ƒ ´ n a p d n ¬ s a U n k n \ n ¬ _ n c p Z w t \ S n b t i j w D ] c n ≠ m b n c p ∂ p ≈ q . t l m ] vI n ≥ k n ¬ A ∂ v ] T \ Ø n \ vA h n s S Ø s ∂ A t ] £ n s ® ¶ n e p w D I d p Ø h ¿ § Ø n ¬ s ∏ ´ h n Z y m ¿ ∞ n I ƒ ° v R m s \ m c p a e b m f n B s W ∂ p ≈ X n \ m ¬ { ] t h i \ w e ` n ° p a m b n c p ∂ n √ . t c m K n I ƒ ° p w , X n c k v° c n ° s ∏ ´ p . a { Z m k v{ ] k n U ≥ k n s h ≈ ° m ¿ ° p w I d p Ø h ¿ § ° m ¿ ° p w

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{ ] t X y I w { ] t X y I w h m ¿ U p I ƒ B b n c p ∂ p . _ ƒ ´ n a p d n ¬ F Ø n b X n s ‚ b p ≤ c w K Ø v] c n ° p ] ‰ p ∂ ` S ∑ m ¿ ° v D ® ` £ W Ø n \ m b n F Ø n b I S b n ¬ \ n ∂ p w a s ‰ m c m f n ¬ \ n ∂ vc ‡ w \ ¬ I p ∂ c o X n _ ¿ K ¿ h m ß p h m ≥ k m [ n s ® ¶ n e p w A t a c n ° ° m c m W vB c w ` n ® s X ∂ v A h n s S b n c p ∂ p ` £ n ° p h m ≥ F s ∂ A h I m i s ∏ S p ∂ p s ≠ ¶ n e p w A \ p h Z n ® n √ . s h ≈ ° m ¿ a m { X w B l m c w k vs ] b n ≥ I m c \ m b t U m . t \ m ¿ a ≥ _ Ø m ß v I g n ° p ∂ ÿ e a m b n c p ∂ p A X v. B W vB Z y a m b n A ß s \ s N b vX s X ∂ vR m ≥ a e b m f n b m b X n s ‚ t ] c n ¬ a { Z m k vt I m t f P n ¬ a \ n e m ° p ∂ p . { ] t h i \ w \ n t j [ n ° s ∏ ´ A \ p ` h a p ≈ X \ n ° vA t a c n ° b n ¬ t \ c n ´ h n t h N \ w ? C t ∏ m ƒ h n { i a P o h n X a m W t √ m . Z n \ N c y I ƒ h n j a a m b n t X m ∂ n b n √ . 1 9 6 8 ¬ H c p h o S p F ß n s \ b m W v? h m ß p h m ≥ { i a n ® t ∏ m ƒ B h o S va m ¿ ° ‰ n ¬ \ n ∂ v] n ≥ h e n ® k w ` h h p w R m ≥ B ¿ a n b n ¬ \ n ∂ p w i o e n ® A ® S ° h p w H m ¿ Ω n ° p ∂ p . 1 9 6 4 ˛ ¬ k n h n ¬ s s d ‰ v A S p ° p w h y m b m a h p w F √ m Z n h k h p w \ n e h n ¬ h s ∂ ¶ n e p w h ¿ § h n t h N \ w ] m e n ° p ∂ p . R m b d m g vN H g n s I F √ m i ‡ a m b n X s ∂ \ n e \ n ∂ n c p ∂ p B Z n h k h p w h y m b m a w s N ø p w H c p Z n h k w I m e L ´ Ø n ¬ . i c o c Ø n \ vh n { i a w B h i y a m W v. X s ∂ b p a √ R m b d m g vN s Ø Z n \ ] { X ß ƒ h m b n ® p ? A t a c n ° ≥ B ¿ a n b n ¬ t N c p h m \ p ≠ m bX o ¿ ° p h m ≥ I q S p X ¬ k a b w t h W w . F √ m X m ¬ ] c y h p w B ¿ a n P o h n X Ø n s ‚ Z n h k h p w 4 ˛ 5 Z n \ ] { X ß ƒ ] q ¿ Æ a m b p w A \ p ` h ß f p w H m ¿ Ω n ° m ≥ k m [ n ° p t a m ? h m b n ° p w . a n ° t ∏ m g p w F U n ‰ ¿ ° v I Ø b ° p h m ≥ I m c W ß f p w I m W p w . R m ≥ A t a c n ° b n ¬ h ∂ X vF I vk vt N © v h n k b n e m b n c p ∂ p . B h n k b p s S N n e C t ∏ m ƒ ] m ¿ ° n ≥ k ≥ k vt c m K Ø n s ‚ \ n _ ‘ \ I ƒ ] m e n ° p ∂ X n \ p t h ≠ n b m W v ] n S n b n e m s W ¶ n e p w \ n t X y \ b p ≈ h y m b m a h p w B ¿ a n b n ¬ t N ¿ ∂ X v. F ∂ p X s ∂ b p a √ B b p ¿ t h Z N n I n ’ b p w a q e w t c m K w h f s c s s { ] h ‰ v{ ] m I vS o k n ¬ F \ n ° vb m s X m c p \ n b { ¥ W h n t [ b a m W v. ] m ¿ ° n ≥ k ≥ k n s ‚ X m ¬ ] c y h p w D ≠ m b n c p ∂ n √ . { ] [ m \ e £ W a m b h n d b ¬ (Tremors) F \ n ° v B ¿ a n b n ¬ t k h \ w s N ø p I h g n e ` n ® X o s c A \ p ` h s ∏ S m Ø X n s ‚ I m c W w t \ ´ ß ƒ \ n k m c ß f m b n c p ∂ n √ . ÿ m \ h p w \ n t X y \ b p ≈ h y m b m a w a q e a m W v. B b p ¿ t h Z A [ n I m c h p w H c n ° e p w F s ∂ N n I n ’ b p s S k m ≤ y X I ƒ a e b m f n I ƒ t ] m e p w B I ¿ j n ® n c p ∂ n s √ ¶ n e p w { ] h ¿ Ø n ® ] q ¿ Æ a m b p w a \ n e m ° p I t b m ÿ m ] \ ß f p s S \ b c q ] o I c W s Ø{ ] t b m P \ s ∏ S p Ø p I t b m s N ø p ∂ n √ . k z m [ o \ n ° p h m ≥ k m [ n ® X p h g n F s ‚ X m b B i b ß ƒ \ S ∏ n e m ° p h m ≥ ? \ Ω p s S C f w X e a p d t b m S vt U m I vS ¿ ° v F f p ∏ a m b n c p ∂ p . Agency for International F ¥ m W v] d b p h m \ p ≈ X v. ? Development˛ ¬ { ] h ¿ Ø n ® t ∏ m ƒ H u t Z y m K n I { ] m b a m b h s c _ l p a m \ n ° W w . { ] m b w I m c y ß ƒ ° m b n t e m I Ø n s ‚ h n h n [ I q S p t º m ƒ a \ p j y c n ¬ A d n h p w h n t h I h p w ` m K ß f n ¬ X m a k n t ° ≠ n h ∂ n c p ∂ p . h ¿ ≤ n ° p w . { ] m b a m b h s c _ l p a m \ n ° p I C X p a q e w B g Ø n e p ≈ t e m I ] c n N b w h g n A d n h n t \ b p w h n t h I t Ø b p a m W v e ` n ° p h m ≥ k m [ n ® p . _ l p a m \ n ° p ∂ X v. a p g p h ≥ k a b w k w K o X w i h n ° p ∂ X p w C ‚ ¿ s \ ‰ vD ] t b m K n ° p ∂ X p w s s N \ b n s e H c p a n e n ´ d n t l m k v] n ‰ e n ¬ { D ƒ s ∏ s S b p ≈ I m c y ß ƒ \ n b { ¥ n ° W w . k µ ¿ i n ° p h m ≥ F \ n ° vA h k c w a p g p h ≥ k a b w H t c I m c y Ø n ¬ a p g p I p ∂ X v e ` n ® n c p ∂ p . s s N \ ° m c ≥ A √ m Ø H c m ƒ ° v \ √ X √ . C Ø c Ø n ¬ H c p A \ p h m Z w e ` n ° p ∂ X v h f s c A ] q ¿ ∆ a m W v. Kerala Association of Greater Washington

{ ] k m -Z v\ m -b ¿ prasknair@yahoo.com

a m t h -e n -h m -s W m c p a e -b m -f -\ m -´ n s e H m W w a m \ p -j -s c -√ m c p w H ∂ m -b n -c n -t ° -≠ -H m W w k X y w -£ -b n -s ® m -c p H m W w I f -h p -X -g -s ® m -c p H m W w I m a s ‚ i m ] -i -c -t a -‰ p -∑ -Ø -c m b v I m a -a -S -ß m -s X -\ m -b v° ƒ I m a n -\ n -a m -c p s S c p [ n -c w -` p -P n -® p -X ≥ I m a -a -S -° p -∂ -\ m -´ n ¬ ] m X I w s N b vX p ] W -Ø n ≥ s ] -c p -a -b m ¬ ] m h w -N -a -b p -∂ -I q -´ ¿ A ¿ ∞ -` m -W vU -Ø n ≥ I \ -Ø n ≥ t a ¬ \ o -X n b p w \ n j v{ ] -` -a m -° p -∂ -\ m -´ n ¬ a m t h -e n -h o ≠ p w h c p -s a -∂ p -k ¿ ∆ c p w s N m √ n -\ -S -° p -t ∂ m -t c m W w t N d p -] p -c -≠ -h n -c -e p -I -s f m -c p -] n S n t N m d n -\ m b vb m N n -° p w -\ m -f n ¬ a W n -a -µ n -c -ß -f n ¬ i p \ -I \ p w t ] m j I ˛ t ` m P y w -h n -f -º p -∂ -\ m -´ n ¬ H c p -a p -g w -X p -W n -h m -ß n -t I m -S n -b p -S p -° p -h m ≥ H c p -I q -´ ¿ h -e -b p -∂ -\ m -f n ¬ B t L m -j -a m ¿ ` m -S -a m -° n -S m ≥ H c p -I q -´ ¿ t I m S n -I -s f -d n -b p -∂ -\ m -´ n ¬ s ] m t ∂ m -W w -h -s ∂ -∂ p w -a m -t h -e n -h -c p -s a ∂ p w ] m S n -\ -S -° p -t ∂ m -t c m W w a k vX n -j v° -a m -I -t h -i o -X n -I -c n -® -h ¿ h n t Z z -j -` m -j -I -t f m -X p -∂ -k z m ¿ ≤ ¿ ° v k vX p X n -] m -S n -A -h -c p -s S -B -⁄ -I -f -\ p -Z n \ w \ m ´ n -e p w -\ m -´ m -c n -e p w -h n -j _ o -P ß f m ° n -h n -X -d p -∂ -\ m -´ n ¬ C u i -s \ -h o -X n -s ® -S p -Ø -h ¿ X ≥ s s Z h w a p ¥ n -b -s X -∂ p -I -Y n -° p -∂ -\ m -´ n ¬ C u i z -c ≥ a u -\ n -b m -b n -\ n -e -s I m -≈ p ∂ s a c n -e m ‚ n ¬ X m a -k n -° p -∂ p . I h n -X -I ƒ ° v] p d s a \ ¿ Ω ` m h C u i -s ‚ -k z -¥ -a m w -\ m -´ n ¬ , a l m -_ e n \ , G I m -¶ -\ m -S -I -ß ƒ , X n c -° -Y -I ƒ , K m \ -ß ƒ F ∂ n -h -b n e p w h o ≠ p w h c m \ m b n { ] P I f m i n ° p t ∂ m -t c m W w . X m ¬ ] -c y w . N n e B \ p -I m -e n I { ] k n -≤ o -I -c -W -ß -f n -e p w , N n e C ‚ ¿ s \ ‰ v{ ] k n -≤ o -I -c -W -ß -f n e p w c N -\ -I ƒ { ] k n -≤ o -I -c n -® n ´ p -≠ v. { ] m t Z -i n I k w L -S -\ -I -f n e p w k P o -h -a m -W v.

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

Translation of Chinese poem by Meng Hao-Jan

] n . k n . \ m b ¿

( A ° m e s Ø I h n I f n ¬ P o h n X I m e w a p g p h ≥ k m l n X y { ] h ¿ Ø \ Ø n \ p g n ™ p s h ® b m f m W vs a ß vl t h m ˛ P m ≥ . _ u ≤ a X ° m c \ m b { ] k n ≤ I h n h m ß vs h b vb q s S A S p Ø k p l r Ø p a m b n c p ∂ p s a ß v. P o h n X Ø n s e \ o ≠ \ m ¬ ∏ X p h ¿ j w t U m I vS ¿ _ n c p Z Ø n \ p t h ≠ n K t h j W w \ S Ø n s b ¶ n e p w A X p I n ´ p I b p ≠ m b n √ . A t ± l w ] n ∂ o S vP ∑ \ m ´ n s e h n P \ a m b H c p a e { º t Z i t Ø ° p h n S h m ß p I b p w t i j n ® P o h n X w I m h y k ] c y ° m b n h n \ n t b m K n ° p I b p w s N b vX p . s a ß n s ‚ G X m \ p w N n e I h n X I f n ¬ c m j v{ S o b l m k y w I e ¿ ∂ n c p s ∂ ¶ n e p w ( A X p s I m ≠ m b n c n ° m w N { I h ¿ Ø n b v° v s a ß n t \ m S p \ o c k w t X m ∂ n b X v) A h b n ¬ s ] m X p s h I c p W c k a m W vI e ¿ ∂ n c p ∂ X v) .

t i m W \ n d a m ¿ ∂ B I m i w H c p a n ∂ ¬ ∏ n W ¿ t ] m s e A { ] X y £ a m b n ] q ¿ Æ N { µ ≥ D Z n ® p b ¿ ∂ p c m { X n ° vA ` u a a m b k u µ c y w ] I ¿ ∂ p \ ¬ I n . c m h n s e a g b n ¬ I p X n ¿ ∂ i o X ° m ‰ v i z k n ° m ≥ R m s \ s ‚ I n f n h m X n ¬ X p d ∂ n ´ p . F s ‚ a p S n b n g I ƒ \ n e m s h f n ® Ø n ¬ B S n ∏ d ∂ t ∏ m ƒ I d p Ø X n c a m e I f m b n a m d n \ o e Ø m a c I f p s S c l k y ß ƒ c m ° m ‰ vF s ‚ s N h n b n ¬ a { ¥ n ® p . \ m g n I I f m b n h n s √ m s N S n b p s S X f n c n e I f n ¬ \ n ∂ v l n a _ n µ p ° ƒ C S h n S m s X D X n ¿ ∂ p h o W p s I m ≠ n c p ∂ p . F h n s S \ n t ∂ m h ∂ I º w s I m ≠ v R m s \ s ‚ X p w _ p c p s ] s ´ ∂ va o ´ m ≥ X p S ß n F ∂ m e X p t I ƒ ° m \ m c p a n √ a r X c m b h s c b m c p c k n ∏ n ° p w ? F s ‚ Z n h m k z ] v\ ß ƒ I q S p h n ´ p ] d ° p ∂ ] £ n s b A \ p K a n ° p ∂ p F ∂ m ¬ c m { X n b p s S G I m ¥ X b n ¬ \ j vS s ∏ ´ Z n h m k z ] v\ ß f n s e m ∂ v R m ≥ t X S n ∏ n S n ® vF s ‚ a \ n ¬ H f n ∏ n ° p w .

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t h W p t K m ] m e ≥ t I m t ° m S ≥ E-mail: enaaraayam@gmail.com

{ ] W b s Ø H m ¿ Ω t Ø m W n b n t e ‰ n X p g b p ∂ X g p I p ∂ I m ‰ n ¬ ] d ∂ p \ S ∂ p k a b Ø vA h n N m c n X a m b n h ∂ p s ] ´ k vt \ l k p K ‘ ] c m K W ß ƒ { ] f b Ø n ¬ , k z P o h ≥ ] W b w s h ® v k m b m ” k q c y s ‚ t e m e a m w c i va n b n ¬ { ] W b s Ø c £ n ® k m l k w . { ] f b w ] S c p ∂ p k vt \ l { ] I m i \ ß ƒ t X m ‰ p t ] m b { ] W b w . B \ µ Z m b I k v] ¿ i \ ß ƒ C u a g ° m d n s ‚ ] n ∂ n e m b n s ´ m c p N n √ n s ‚ s I m ´ m c a m b n c p ∂ p a g ° m d n \ m w a X n e n s ‚ a ≤ y Ø n e m b n ´ v a g h n √ n ≥ t a m l I h m S a m b n

C u k vt \ l X o c Ø n ≥ ] q g n ∏ c ∏ n e m b v s k u K ‘ n I ß ƒ ] c ∂ n c p ∂ p k vt \ l Ø n ≥ k m K c X o c Ø p h © n b n ¬ b p ‹ K m \ ß ƒ e b n ® n c p ∂ p .

\ £ { X ß f m w I p k p a ß f p s ≈ m c p t a m l t \ m Z y m \ h p a m b n c p ∂ p . A \ ¿ K f a m b p ≈ P e [ m c b m b n ´ n ˛ h n s S b m b n D d h I f m b n c p ∂ p .

\ o e m I m i Ø n ≥ t a L ß f n ¬ t I d n ` m k p c ` q a n s b t \ m ° n \ n ∂ p a m ‰ p I ƒ I q ´ n I t Æ m ´ t a e v] n ® v { ] X e Ø n ≥ ` w K n I f m k z Z n ® q

C X n ∂ p w a p I f n e m b vN n { X i e ` ß ƒ ] m d n ∏ d ∂ p I f n ® n c p ∂ p . A \ p ` q X n ] I c p ∂ i o X f O m b b n ¬ a m c p X ≥ a µ a m b vk v] µ \ a m b v

N n ∏ n I f m I p ∂ t ] S I Ø n ¬ t I d n k a p { Z m ¥ c ß f n ¬ D u f n b n ´ p ] h p g ∏ p ‰ p I f m I p ∂ a m b m ˛ { ] ] © s Ø t \ m ° n a b ß n \ n ∂ p

D Z y m \ Ø n s ‚ s X ° n \ n ° p ≈ n e m b v h ≈ n b q ™ m e n ¬ I f n ® n c p ∂ p . P e [ m c ® p ‰ n s e X S m I Ø n \ p ≈ n e m b v h ¿ Æ a ’ y ß ƒ X n a n ¿ Ø n c p ∂ p .

H c p \ m ƒ s ] m S p ∂ s \ ] q ¶ m h \ Ø n s e B I m i t a L w I d p Ø n c p ≠ p

] q ¶ m h \ Ø n s ‚ D ≈ n e m b v h n e k n S p w k m [ p a r K ß f p a m b n c p ∂ p . s I m ´ m c Ø n s ‚ D ≈ n e m b n s ´ s ‚ a m \ k w I m Ø n ´ p h ® n c p ∂ p . R m \ p a o ] q ¶ m h \ Ø n ¬ \ S ∂ n c p ∂ p . Kerala Association of Greater Washington

t a L ß ƒ I o d n ∏ n f ¿ ∂ p a n ∂ ¬ s X ∂ n b S ¿ ∂ q t a L ß ƒ \ m Z w s ] m g n ® q D Z y m \ h m b p h n c ≠ q a µ a m c p X ≥ s I m S p ¶ m ‰ m b n P e [ m c t ] a m c n b m b o

h ¿ Æ a ’ y ß ƒ X n a n w K e a m b o ] q º m ‰ I ƒ P S m b p ° f m b o D u ™ m e p I ƒ s I m e ° b d p I f m b o k m [ p a r K ß ƒ P ¥ p ° f m b o k vt \ l X o c Ø n ¬ I S ¬ I b d n ] q ¶ m h \ Ø n ¬ { ] f b a m b n I m d n ≥ a X n e p I ƒ a e ¿ ∂ p h o W p D Z y m \ c w K w s ] m e n ™ p N n √ p s I m ´ m c w s ] m f n ™ p h o W p . a m c n h n √ vH S n ™ p h o W p

a n g n \ o s c m g p ° n b m { X b m ° n . { ] f b Ø n ¬ a p ß n a c n ° p ∂ t \ c Ø v F ≥ \ n { Z s R ´ n s Ø d n ® p h o W p \ n e m h n ¬ I s ≠ m c p t a m l \ k z ] v\ s Ø X n c n s ™ m ∂ p t \ m ° p h m ≥ b m { X b m b o \ n c ¥ c a m b p ≈ N n ¥ I ƒ ] n s ∂ b p w a \ X m c n ¬ A c p h n I ƒ X o ¿ Ø p s h ® p . A c p h n X ≥ X o c s Ø s h ≈ m c w I √ p t a ¬ c m a ® s a Ø b n ¬ R m ≥ I n S ∂ q

\ n e m h n \ m ¬ \ o e n ® K K \ s Ø t \ m ° n R m ≥ e ¿ h m S n b m ° n s b ≥ a m \ k s Ø { ] f b Ø n ¬ a t ≤ y I s ≠ m c p h © n b n ¬ a A c p h n X ≥ I f I f \ m Z w { i h n ® p R m ≥ R m s \ s ‚ { ] W b s Ø I p S n b n c p Ø n j vS a m w \ n { Z s b ] p ¬ I n S s ´ . h © n b n ¬ I b d p ∂ t \ c s Ø \ n s ° s ‚ \ X f c p ∂ I m e p I ƒ s X ∂ n a m d n F { X { i a n ® n ´ p s a { X h n b ¿ Ø n ´ p ˛ s a ≥ t Z l s a t ¥ m X f ¿ ∂ p t ] m b n h © n b n e m ° n b { ] W b s Ø R m s \ s ‚

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

C . s I . i n h c m P ≥ C √ Ø p I p S n t X ≥ I n \ n b p w h m ° p I ƒ X ≥ k z ¿ Æ a © t e ‰ n X m c I b p w X m a c b p w ] q Ø n d ß p w \ m ´ n ¬ k z ] v\ k p c k p µ c n a m ¿ \ r Ø a m S p w h o ´ n ¬ F ¥ n s \ s ∂ { ] W b t a \ o X S h n e m ° n ?

t ] m c p t ] m c p { ] W b t a t N ¿ ∂ p t N ¿ ∂ n c n ° m w B c p \ o R m \ m s c ∂ v t \ c n t e ° p t \ m ° m w ] ≠ p ] t ≠ s X m ´ p \ n s ∂ I ≠ d n b p s ∂ ∂ m ¬ \ n s ‚ I m ¬ \ t J µ p t ] m e p w R m \ d n b p ∂ o e !

N n e t ∏ m g ¥ n b n ¬ X \ n ® n c p ∂ p R m ≥ ] X ™ p s ∏ m ß p w t \ c w A d n ™ n S m s X s b ≥ a n g n \ \ ™ p t ] m w a [ p c s \ m º c w a q e w { ] W b Ø n s ‚ i ‡ n b p a X n s ‚ a q ¿ ® b p ˛ a e n h v, k ¶ S w k ¿ ∆ w A \ p ` h m · n b n ˛ s e c n ™ d n b p h m ≥ s I m X n ® p t X m ‰ p R m ≥ I j vS w !

X n c I ƒ X o c s Ø \ Z n I f m g n s b K K \ a q g n s b ] n s ∂ h S ° p s X ° n s \ I e ∏ a Æ n s \ P z e n ° p a · n s b I m ‰ p w A I s e b m I m i s ® c n h n \ ∏ p d w { ] ] © t K m f ß ƒ t ] m e p w { ] W b n ° p ∂ p t ] m ¬ ] c k v] c w , h n i z { ] W b s a ∂ t X k X y w

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k n \ n -] -W n -° ¿

Dinesh Menon An English poem on the struggles due to memory loss, presented along with its very eloquent translation in Malayalam.

Frail Memories A h -f n -c n -° p -∂ q . . . -H -c p -t \ ¿ Ø -] -R vP c w . . . B a \ - n s ‚ k © m -c -ß -f n ¬ N n ¥ -I -f p s S X n c -® n -e p -I -f n ¬ H m ¿ a -b p s S H c p i I -e w . . . A \ p -` -h -ß -f p s S K r l m -X p -c X z ˛ a m ¿ ∂ D ƒ ° m g vN -b v° m -b p ≈ ] n S -® n ¬ A d n -b p -∂ n √ : G X m W vk X y w . . . G X m W vZ m l -t -a m -l -ß ƒ ] I ¿ Ø n -° m -W n -° p ∂ a n Y y ?

She sat straight, Her thin and small frame withered, Her mind wandering, Searching through her thoughts. Grasping for nuggets, The nostalgia of experiences gained, Wondering what was reality, And what was just a projection of fond desires. Her eyes gazed yonder,

Occasionally bright, but often mystified, B a n g n -I ƒ Z q c -° m -g vN -I -f n -t e ° vC d -ß p -∂ p . . . As her mind sifted, \ \ -t h m -s S . . . . . Churned through varied emotions. C S -° ¬ ∏ w -s h -f n -® h p w . . h n I m -c -ß -f p s S D ƒ ° -b -ß -f n ¬ A life of toil remembered, N p ‰ n -° -d -ß p -∂ -a \ w Forgetful of closest kith and kin around, i n Y n -e -a m b H c p P o h n -X -Ø n s ‚ H m ¿ a . . . Eyes tearing as she strained To string together her frail memories. a d -h n -b p s S A d -I -f n ¬ _ ‘ p -° ƒ a n { X -ß ƒ . . .

F ß n -s \ -t I m ¿ s Ø -S p ° p w a p d n -s ∏ ´ H m ¿ a -I -f p s S i I -e -ß ƒ ? A h -f n -c n -° p -∂ q . . . . C u d ≥ a n -g n -I -t f m -s S . . . .

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Contributions of

Ancient India to the World Have you ever made something before anybody else but another person takes your ideas and portrays it as their own? Well believe it or not this has happened to India not once, not twice, but on several accounts ranging from mathematics, medicine, science, and everyday life improvements. Some of the many things that India has done are that they invented the concept of zero and many complex mathematical concepts. Furthermore, they had advancements and improvements in medicine such as their Ayurvedic practices and surgery. Additionally, they invented yoga and forms of martial arts even though those things have been credited to other East Asian cultures. Lastly, ancient India had many scientific advances that much of the world does not know about which was later credited to the other countries. â&#x20AC;&#x153;We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile discovery would have been made.â&#x20AC;? said by the famous Albert Einstein shows that some people give credit towards India and their impacts mathematically. Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s impact on Mathematics traces back to some of the first Indian civilizations, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, where excavations have shown proof of weight based ratios and units of measurement. Later on in Indian history they had calculations and came up with symbols for numbers. Ancient India was one of the first civilizations to come up with this idea of symbols for numbers and they are to ones to introduce the numbers 1-9, contrary to popular belief of the numbers being Arabic. The motor for Indian

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Sohan Kumar

mathematics was the traders and merchants who wanted to find an easy way to count and price goods. This was also the cause of the most crucial number today, zero. The number zero was made so that they could calculate from nothing or shunyata which is nothing in Sanskrit. Even though zero may seem like a measly, insignificant number, it is the basis of all programming and computer softwares. Without which we would not have computers and all the apps we have on our smart phones that entertain us and make our days more efficient. Algebra was also created in India at 11141183 BC and it was by a man named Bhaskaracharya. Another number that the Indians figured out was pi. It was in many scriptures were pi has been recorded but one main writing that has pi as a prayer to the Lord Krishna. The verse consisted of words that represented numbers and when the words were translated into their respected numbers it wrote out the first 30 plus numbers of pi. But before all these scriptures the first person to find the value of pi was Indian Mathematician Budhayana. He not only did that but he explained the concept of the Pythagorean Theorem long before any European mathematicians. Another major mathematical calculation that ancient Indians figured out was the speed of light. In a verse in the Rigveda, Sayana (the writer of the verse), says that the Surya (sun) moves at 2,202 yojanas in half a nimisha. Yojana is a unit of measurement and nimisha is a unit of time, and when this is converted into modern units it is equivalent to the actual velocity of light, which is

186,000 miles per second. This was calculated in the 1300’s and in modern times the speed of light was determined in 1675. Bhaskaracharya calculated the time it takes for the earth to orbit the sun to be 365.258756484. There were also many system that were invented in India that many people may not know about such as the Place Value System and the Decimal System. These mathematical advancements have been overlooked and/or have been credited to other cultures and we have not credited the Indian thinkers for the debt we owe to them. Another achievement that Ancient Indians have accomplished was their major advancements in the medical field. India is known for their Ayurvedic practices that heal patients with herbal remedies. These practices date back to Ancient times and have improved as time passes. Ancient texts that have been found saying that one’s eating habits can contribute the state of one’s health. The ancient Indians have found many foods and plants that have healing or medicinal properties such as garlic (boost immune system), willow bark (basic ingredient of aspirin) and other spices. These native spices can be mixed together to make more herbal medicines for different uses. The use of medicines is just a small part of Ancient India’s medical philosophies. Ayurveda, which was one of the first types of medical practices to emerge into the world, means in Sanskrit the science of life and the overall practice examines not only the immediate symptoms but also the patients’ relationship with food, herbs, seasons, the weather, and even the patients’ personal life. Ayurveda is all about the balancing of life and the ways Ayurvedic doctors can check if a person is balanced is by looking at the pigmentation of the eyes and nails, the doctors also check the pulse. The father of medicine and Ayurveda is Charaka and he consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. Ayurveda had many accomplishments hundreds of years before the Europeans advancements in psychiatry, toxicology, pediatrics, and much more. Surprisingly they also had surgery at these early stages of mankind. They had surgery for severe punishments that they had such as nose surgery, which was first used for repairment of punishmen-

ts from adultery, but now is used for plastic surgery and other repairs. These surgery techniques were developed 600 years BC and were developed by many doctors but the main one was Acharya Shushruta. Overall Ancient India’s impact medicinally has been huge and it is still impacting us to this day. They also had some physical aspects to their Ayurveda such as yoga. Yoga is something that is widely credited to East Asian cultures but it is originally from India. Yoga is an art performed by anybody and it consists of breathing and stretches that range in difficulty; they mainly emphasize breathing and muscle control. It was also discovered that yoga boost the cardio vascular systems and relives anxiety. From a medical stand point yoga restores the flow of energy in the human body and can be used to treat a variety of illnesses. Postures and stretches in yoga are believed to increase the circulation in limbs and can give you amazing flexibility even at older ages. It can even help you control muscles you never even knew you had. Yoga has also been known to help afflictions such as asthma and arthritis. Something India is most likely not known for is their introduction of basic martial arts. Traces of this martial art like attacking techniques have been found in religious texts and stories. In a Dravidian state, Kerala, there are forms of fighting in called Kalaripayattu and it also helps with flexibility and muscle strength. Kalaripayattu includes strikes, kicks, grappling, preset forms, weaponry and healing methods. This form of fighting was invented around 4-5 century BC and is still very popular in Kerala to this day. These basic martial art forms where spread to East Asian countries by Buddhist missionaries. India’s impacts on these physical aspects have not been properly credited to them like the way they deserve to be. Long before any of the European scholars made any accurate scientific feats ancient Indians had many things already figured out. Starting off with the how the Indian’s knew the earth was round well before Galileo and the rest of them came along. In Hinduism the Lord Vishnu came down to rescue the earth from a massive flood that the

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earth was sinking in and in depictions made 5000+ years ago the earth was round. Also the Sanskrit word for geography is bhugol, gol meaning round. They also called the earth jagath which means that “which moves”, showing that we not only knew the earth was round but we also knew that it was not stationary and that it moved. Most of these discoveries were found by many different Indian scientists but the father of all this was Acharya Kapil who is known as the Father of Cosmology. This was not our only accomplishment in space we also had some other astronomical feats. Ancient Indian astronomers figured out that the 15th brightest star, known as Antares; in the sky was the biggest in size. Later on as technology improved we figured out that this star indeed is one of the biggest stars known to man. This was not all they did with stars. There was a ritual that was practiced in south Indian states that a newly married couple should stare at a certain two stars as they fall asleep. These two stars from the naked eye look like one star in the sky but only with highpowered telescopes can you see that they are two separate stars. That’s not all about these stars; unlike most twin star systems that have one star rotate around the other this one has both the stars rotating around each other. So the Indians theory was that the couple should act like this, having each partner revolve around each other uniformly and not having one be more overpowering than the other. The Indians not only made scientific discoveries from the ground but there have been many scriptures of aircrafts made by them too. They had many ideas for spaceships and normal aircrafts to nuclear weapons and etc. This all happened around about 800 BC and the main man who figured all this out was Acharya Bharadawaja who was a pioneer in aviation. Most of these ideas were even taken by the Germans and used to go into space and was used in the Space war between Russia and the US. The Indians were not only just good with Extraterrestrial things used by telescopes but they also knew many things at the atomic level which used microscopes. One of the many things that the ancients found was the atomic theory at around 600 BC found by Acharya Kanada also known as the Father of Atomic Theory. The real question is how did the ancient Indians figure all this out? All these astronomical

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accomplishments I have explained above happened close to 5000-7000 years ago, and very few people have ever heard of them and most of it is credited to European scientist. Some extra facts include, that as other civilizations 5000 years ago were still forest dwellers Indians established Harappan culture in the Sindhu Valley. Also as many people may know India created chess. Additionally India was the only source of diamonds until 1896. Moreover India had the first University in the world in Takshila in 700 BC and it had over 10500 students from around the whole world studying more than 60 subjects. Lastly Forbes Magazine on July 1987 had a report that talks about how Sanskrit is considered the mother of all languages and how it is most precise and therefore a suitable language for computer software. There were also many quotes that many famous philosophers and people have said about India that shows some credit towards India one example is when the eminent philosopher Will Durant (U.S.A) said, “India is the mother land of our race and Sanskrit the mother of European’s languages. She was the mother of our philosophy, mother through the Arabs, of much of our mathematics, mother through Buddha, of the ideas embodied in Christianity, mother through the village communities of selfgovernment and democracy. Mother India in many ways the mother of all.” All in all the Ancient Indians were very successful and intelligent groups of people. They had magnificent triumphs ranging from mathematics to medicine to physical techniques (yoga) to sciences. I can go on and on about more contributions on phenomenal skills and achievements that India developed thousands of years ago, sadly the country is not acknowled-ged for all these achievements. The cause of this is because of the invasion of India by other countries and warriors which strategically took over and destroyed the country’s productions and capabilities. They rewrote the history and left India to be ashamed of the past, which should not have happened. India has done extravagant things and has impacted our world to the extent that very few people even know about and this should change, and the significance of India should be brought up to everyone’s awareness. Only very few people know about how

YOGASANA

YOGASANA Sandra Sandeep

Imagine this: you happen upon a magic lamp. Poof – a genie appears, saying he will grant you just one wish. What would you wish for? A new car? A happy marriage? A promotion you’ve been working toward? We encounter so many different types of people every single day of our live - different people with different desires, different hopes, different dreams. Sometimes we get caught up in our own worldly hopes and goals and forget that every human being is essentially pursuing the same thing, a goal more worthy and more rewarding than any worldly possession or accomplishment: Peace. In the Yoga Sutras, Patanjali outlines how each of us can attain peace. In his own words, “parinama tapa samskara duhkhaih guna-vrtti-virodhacca duhkham-eva sarvam vivekinah.” Responding to changes in the outside world is the root of all suffering. We each have within ourselves an ‘indweller’, our eternal and divine spirit. By detaching our indwelling spirits from our physical bodies, we can achieve insight. Once a person has transcended the gross limits of his human body, he becomes liberated. Within the framework of the Hindu philosophy, such liberation frees a soul from the tiring cycle of birth and rebirth. Essentially, the Yoga Sutras provide guidance on how a human being can achieve eternal enlightenment. Patanjali breaks down the process by which a human being can attain peace into eight phases. The first phase, Yama, illuminates how we should interact with the world around us. It promotes ahimsa (non-violence), satya (truthfulness), asteya (abstinence from theft), brahmacharya (acting in accordance with higher ideals), and aparigraha (non-covetousness). The second phase provides

instruction on how we should treat ourselves. Niyama asserts that we should each discipline ourselves to observe the principles of saucha (cleanliness), santosha (contentment), tapas (ascetism or physical austerity), svadhyaya (reflection and introspection), and isvara pranidhana (acceptance of the will of God). The third phase, Asana, dictates the physical aspects of yoga. According to Patanjali, the practice of Asanas will bring harmony to the physical body and concentration to the mind. Once physical harmony has been achieved, the fourth phase of the enlightenment process is Pranayama, which is the pursuit of spiritual harmony. By aligning the breathing processes, the mind, and the emotions through meditation, a human being will begin to possess self-control. In the fifth phase, Pratyahara, a being must withdraw from the outside world, cease responding to outside stimuli, and explore within himself. Essentially, he must cleanse himself of irritations in order to begin to transcend his physical body. He will begin to achieve such transcendence in the sixth phase, Dharana, by focusing all of his energy on a single point. He can then achieve Dhyana, the state of keen awareness of all things without focus. Eventually, upon achieving Samadhi, a human being is connected with the divine in all things, with the Universe itself. Samadhi is the ultimate bliss: peace. This journey to enlightenment requires an aspirant to detach himself from all worldly concerns. He must solely devote and apply himself toward this goal. Although everyone may not be ready to take this leap of faith, each of us can still benefit from the teachings of Patanjali and the Yoga Sutras. Especially by practicing the Asanas, the physical aspect of Hatha Yoga, we can unclutter our minds

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and assuage the tensions of our daily lives. Furthermore, it is never ‘too late’ in life to begin observing the principles set forth in the Yoga Sutras and glean benefit from the Asanas. Different Asanas can even alleviate different diseases of the physical body. In fact, Patanjali professed that even disease is simply a distraction of the mind. It follows that by observing the Hatha Yoga, we may be able to alleviate physical ailments as well. As such, performing the Asanas can help rejuvenate and advance both our physical and mental capacities. In total, there are 84 distinct Asanas, each touting different advantages. Some Asanas may not be within the grasp of an individual, at first. But by pairing the practice of Asana with controlled breathing techniques, each person can broaden their physical capacities and, with the grace of God, be able to perform previously out-of-reach Asanas. Applying proper breathing techniques can improve the blood flow to certain targeted areas of the physical body as well as help expand the muscles. On a spiritual level, these exercises can help clear and focus the mind and improve an individual’s capacity to concentrate. Patanjali even proclaimed that through the self-control of one’s breathing process, one may radiate light. Concisely, practice of the Asanas, enhanced by proper breathing, is beneficial to the body and mind. As it would be impossible to fully elaborate on the benefits that may be gleaned from each of the 84 Asanas here, I will concentrate on those performed as part of the Surya Namaskara. The rough English translation of this name is Sun Salutation, but the Surya Namaskara is more than just a salutation. It is a sacred prayer to the Sun, a divine symbol in the Hindu philosophy. It consists of a sequence of twelve Asanas, or positions, some of which differ from tradition to tradition; and it should be performed in concert with the chanting of certain mantras.

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The first Asana of the Surya Namaskara is the Pranamasana. The yogi stands straight with his arms forming the Anjali Mudra on level with his chest. The Anjali Mudra is the common praying position in which the palms are placed flat against each other, pointing upwards. This yokes the two hemispheres of the brain together and focuses energy in the Anahata chakra, located where the heart is in the physical body. This Asana is a centering pose that establishes equilibrium within the body. It will begin to alleviate stress and anxiety and allow a human being to achieve focus by easing the nervous system. Physically, the Pranamasana promotes flexibility in the arms, hands, wrists, and fingers. Overall, this Asana clears the body and mind for the exercise ahead. The second Asana is called the Hasta Uttanasana. In English, it is known as the Upward Salute, Sky Reaching Pose, or Raised Arms pose, among other names. In this Asana, the yogi maintains the Anjali Mudra with his arms raised above his head, standing straight, or if possible, in a soft crescent position, arched backward. This focuses spiritual energy in the Vishuddhi chakra, located where the throat is in the physical body. This Asana expands the lungs and relaxes the respiratory system. In addition to toning the back, which improves balance, it also stretches the under arms, arms, spine, abdomen, stomach, and thighs. It defines and opens up one’s shoulders. Further- more, performing the Hasta Uttanasana can relieve mild anxiety and improve digestion. Ultimately, it can improve blood circulation and enhance your body posture. Although the Hasta Uttanasana may seem like a simple pose, one can reap many benefits by

performing it. The third Asana of the Surya Namaskara sequence is the Uttanasana, also called the Hasta Paadasana, or in English, the Standing Forward Bend. This Asana is performed by standing bent at the hips and letting the head hang toward the floor. If you are able, your palms should be flat on the floor. Performing the Uttanasana helps a yogi focus on the Muladhara chakra located in the sacrum area of the physical body. It increases blood flow to the brain and relaxes the nervous system, calming the body, relieving stress and even mild depression, and reducing fatigue and headache. Physically, it stretches the hamstrings, calves, and hips and strengthens the thighs and knees. It also strengthens the spine and can help improve body posture. Furthermore, this Asana stimulates the liver and kidneys and improves digestion. It can even help clear the lungs. Excitingly, it can be therapeutic for asthma, high blood pressure, insomnia, osteoporosis, sinusitis, and even infertility. Overall, this Asana is much more than just touching the toes, bringing many long-term boons. The fourth Asana is called the Ashwa Sanchalanasana, or in English, the Lunge Pose. It is performed by standing, then moving one foot forward significantly, and maintaining this pose while keeping the back straight and gazing forward. This position focuses energy on the Ajna, or third eye, chakra. Practicing the Ashwa Sanchalanasana tones the kidneys and liver and stimulates the abdominal organs in general. Furthermore, it helps to lengthen the spine and strengthen the chest, as well as open up the heart, increasing lung capacity. As for muscular benefits, this Asana improves hip flexibility and stretches the muscles in the groin, legs, and arms. It is also therapeutic for indigestion, constipation, and sciatica. Remarkably, it is cited to enhance willpower, courage, and determination in the long run as well. In a nutshell, the Ashwa Sanchalanasana is an effective stretching maneuver in addition to being beneficial in alleviating conditions rooted inside the body. The fifth Asana of the Surya Namaskara is the Adho Mukha Svanasana. In English, this position has many names, including the Mountain pose and the Downward Facing Dog pose. It is performed by standing bent at the hips, with the head hanging naturally between hands placed a ways in front of the feet; the body should resemble two sides of a triangle. In this position, energy is focused back on the Vishuddhi chakra. By calming the mind, this Asana relieves headaches, reduces

anxiety and fatigue, and even counteracts insomnia. Interestingly, it takes pressure off of the heart, which does not have to work as hard to pump blood to the brain, and increases lung capacity. This increases blood circulation to the brain and, in turn, stimulates neural activity. Concisely, although this Asana may seem uncomfortable at first, it is invaluable to the health of oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s internal organs. The sixth Asana is called the Ashtanga Namaskara. In English, it is sometimes referred to as the Eight-Limb pose, because it allows eight limbs to touch the ground simultaneously. It is performed by assuming a plank position and then touching the knees and shoulders to the ground, thus concentrating spiritual energy on the Svadhistana chakra located at the sacrum, which is still in the air. This position gently bends the back, making it a good starting point for individuals looking to strengthen their backs. But this Asana is not just good for your back and spine flexibility; it also develops the chest and strengthens the arms by increasing blood flow to these areas. Concisely, while the Ashtanga Namaskara benefits all eight limbs involved, it is especially useful for developing the back and spine. The seventh Asana of the Surya Namaskara is the Bhujangasana, or the Cobra pose in English. The Asana is achieved by laying on the ground and bending at the hips to push the upper body upwards. This focuses spiritual energy on the Muladhara chakra. This position can work as an intense back stretch, especially activating and relieving the muscles in the lower back and strengthening the spine. It also stretches the chest and shoulders. Remarkably, the Bhujangasana works to stretch both the abdominal muscles and internal abdominal organs in addition to the lungs and heart. Today, it is considered to be therapeutic for asthma and sciatica; but traditional texts assert that this Asana also increases body heat and destroys disease. Furthermore, it is traditionally said to awaken the kundalini, a shakti that lays dormant at the base of the spine. Overall, the Bhujangasana is a striking position that enhances the upper body immensely as a whole. The remaining steps of the Surya Namaskar repeat the Adho Mukha Svanasana, the Ashwa Sanchalanasana, the Uttanasana, the Hasta Uttanasana, and the Pranamasana, taking the yogi full circle and coming back to the starting point. Symbolically, these Asanas salute everything between the heavens and the earth and recognize the divine qualities within the yogi.

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In Loving Memory of C.S. Chandersekaran

We Miss You!

Achamma, Ashok, Angela and Indira

Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Contributions

To The World Madhava Paliam

The great scientist Albert Einstein once mentioned that â&#x20AC;&#x153;We owe a lot to Indians who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made". One of the worlds most smartest men said this statement, which shows that it should to be accepted as the truth. India, in fact, has contributed a lot more than just numbers and mathematics, it has contributed ways for travel, like ships, methods of education, like universities, scientific formulas, yoga, and many other important discoveries. Mathematics has always been an important part of our lives. Mathematics is used everywhere from grocery stores to top scientists researching important new formulas and testing experiments.

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India was the founder for many forms of mathematical equations and formulas. India invented the concept of zero, meaning that it is a symbol meaning the absence of everything, and is used as a placeholder in place value systems. Without zero even simple mathematics would be very hard to perform, and it was until zero was invented. For example without the zero how can a simple problem like 10+10 written? The zero showed how the number could be used to show place value and to show nothingness. Also, India has contributed numerals. Numbers were invented by the Indians. There is engraving that shows from 300B.C that show numbers looking just alike as the numbers in use today in the western world. Furthermore, in 1100A.D the Devanagari Inscription showed the numbers looking a lot

closer to what they look today, in the present day numerals. This proves that Indians invented numbers very long ago which makes many scientific discoveries and many medical break throughs possible. Also, India has calculated the value of PI to 31 decimals longer before than modern mathematicians. In a sloka to the god Krishna, which was in a sacred text, gives the value of pi correct to 31 decimals. And in another sloka it stated “Add four to one hundred multiply by eight then add sixty two thousand then divide by twenty thousand result is approximately circumference of a circle of a diameter of twenty thousand”, which is true. These mathematical equations and proofs were inscribed in ancient texts very long ago, meaning that Indian mathematics was flourishing even in this time period. India also has, aside from the ones mentioned above, had other great breakthroughs in math including in trigonometry, numbers, theorems, and many formulas. Similar to Einstein, but a long time before him, a great European book called the “Coda Vigilanus” which was about European mathematics was written. This book can be found in the Museum of Madrid, and it praises vedic mathematics by stating that “ancient Hindus had very sharp brains and that the other countries were much behind them in counting and in geometry and other sciences. Astronomical structures can be found in many places in India. In Ujjain, the structure is where many great Indian mathematicians have studied. In Jantar Mantar observatory in Jaipur the structures there are amazingly accurate for ancient architecture and astronomy. Brahmagupta, a great Indian mathematician who lived in the seventh century, developed many key mathematical ideas like using algebra to solve equations. Many cultures had been using the four basic mathematical operations before this but Brahmagupta was the first one to use letters to stand as a number. Brahmagupta also figured out the exact formula for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral, equations for the diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral, and to describe the law of

gravity (over 500 years before Newton). Many great mathematicians followed him like Bhaskara, with unique commentary on Brahmagupta's work, and Mahavira who progressed in fractions, permutations, combinations, and dividing fractions by one other. Sridharacharya, in the 10th century, worked in the area of mathe-matics, geometry, and the extraction of roots. Bhaskara II in the twelfth century who worked on spherical geometry and principles of calculus. He was called one of the greatest medieval mathe-maticians of India. Bhaskara II also figured out the daily motion of planets and many math formulas regarding them. Indian knowledge of mathematics entered the European world by traveling through Arabia. An Arab historian Al-Qifti reported that a man very knowledgeful on mathematics and astronomy, came to Baghdad with 20 other scientists. They came on a diplomatic mission and brought many books, which they translated and read, which is a book called Great Sindhind. Then the same book was translated into Latin and brought into Europe by a man called Maslama al-Majriti, a Spanish astronomer. the book became one of the most influential texts in medieval Europe. India has given many things to the world, both in the past and present. They discovered the use of many spices including cinnamon, ginger, pepper, and sugar. Sugar, which was an Indian spice, derives its name from sharkara which is sugar in Sanskrit. In Arabic the word for sugar is shakar, in latin it is sacharum, in French sucere, in German Zuker, and finally in English sugar. Indians had grown and cultivated sugar long before the British came, and had used sugar in there foods. India was very well known for its spices in Europe where people had never tasted anything like it before. Columbus sailed to north america searching for India, so people in Europe could have the spices. India still contributes for 70%, which is 1,525,000 metric tonnes out of the world total of around 2,000,000 metric tonnes, of global spice production in 2011. That is more than 5 times more than Bangladesh which is second and Turkey which is in third combined.

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India still gives to the world its special contribution of its unique spices,like Red Chilli, Capsicum, and many others. Cotton makes up many of the cloth we use today for many purposes from clothing to bed sheets. India invented many uses for cotton, although many nations did already use cotton at that time period.. They brought the cotton to China and Japan and were traded for other goods, therefore the cotton reached Japan and China and were planted there. India is still a big producer of cotton, ranked second after China. India gave significant scientific knowledge to the world, in the field of astronomy, and in many other fields too. Indians knew, before the Greeks and the Romans, that the sun was in the center of the solar system. This was engraved in a ancient veda saying that the sun holds the earth and the celestial region, and that the sun is the attracting power of all heavenly bodies. This indicates that the sun is the force that keeps all the planets together, so it would have to be in the center. Indians also determined that the path of all celestial bodies, meaning the planets and comets, are elliptical. This means that the earth does not go around the sun in an exact circle, but is more of a slightly oval shape. Ancient Indians were very knowledgeable and skillful in the metallurgy. They knew that crucible was an instrument used in purifying metals, and knew that it was made with clay and iron. The technique to extract pure metal from ores and minerals was also known by the indians. They called it “ Kosthi yantra” which was a very specific furnace with special widths and heights. To extract the pure metal, the Indians knew that it had to be heated in the special furnace without sparks, bubbles, fire, crystallization, or a crackling sound. The types of metals and alloys that they extracted were gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, iron, bronze, and brass. These metals were made in very high quality and is still used in many of the temples. Even the British, in the 18 century A.D, preferred Indian iron for their manufacturing of steel because it was such good quality.

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Ancient India, around 2700 years ago had more than 10,500 students at each university People came from all over the world to study and learn at these universities in 64 different fields of study. Some were vedas, grammar, philosophy, ayurveda, agriculture, surgery, politics, archery, and astronomy. These were many subjects that Indians had flourished in and spread the knowledge to people from Korea, Japan, China, Tibet, Indonesia, Persia, Turkey, and many more countries from the Eastern Hemisphere. The worlds oldest university was founded in India over 2700 years ago, and had 10500 students and 1500 teachers. Famous people who have graduated from this university are Chanakya, Panini, Charaka, Vishnu Sharma, and Jivaka. Some of the universities had libraries like no other in the ancient world. The largest one called Dharmaganja had 3 large buildings one of which was nine stories. The Nalanda university was in use for about 800 years from 500 to 1300. Lord Buddha gave talks at this university. Another university Takshashila was a university for scholars and held many conferences about medicine. Unfortunately though the University had to withstand many attacks by foreign invaders and was conquered by them. BUt even still it remained a very influential center for education. Many might ask, why don't we know of these great universities and ancient texts? It is because of the religious tensions, the Muslims invaded India and destroyed these important places of education. Then they had to withstand the colonialism of the British and other European nations and their missionaries. Even though the Indians have faced many hardships many of the important Vedic texts still remain. It is very hard to go to ANY major town or city in the United States and not find a Yoga center. Yoga is now a $27 Billion dollar industry but, the origins of Yoga is from India. There is not a such thing called “American Yoga”. Yoga is a science to help calm our mind and body to reach inner peace and happiness. Yoga will lead you on the path to self realization, which is controlling oneself from negative impulses like anger, hatred, or blame. Yoga improves the functionality of your body’s

Adi Sankaracharya Alex Krishna Poduval

Adi Sankarachayra, also known as Sri Sankara, was a famous Indian philosopher and theologian who were very religious. Adi Sankara was born to a poor family in 788 A.D. However, he was born in the control of Shiva, who let a childless couple, Sivaguru and Aryambal, have one because of spending their lives in puja and giving alms to the poor. Also, the couple spent 48 days doing puja for lord Shiva in Trichur. After the 48 days, Shiva was extremely happy of their devotion and told the couple,”You can either have a number of dull children or one smart child that won’t live long”. The couple replied the decision should not be theirs as the lord knows what is good for them. Lord Shiva, pleased with the reply, said that the child who would be born would do great good to this world. And so Adi Sankara was born. In his name, sam means prosperity and Karathi means giver. Everyone in Sivaguru and Aryambal’s village came to see the baby. Many of them could tell this was not going to be an ordinary child. As Sankara grew up, he attracted everyone in his village with his intelligence and kindness. At seven

years old, his father died. After his father’s death, Sankara’s thread ceremony happened. Sankara was a very intelligent boy. At only age sixteen, he became a master of all the theologies and philosophies. He also began to write commentaries on the Gita, the Upanishads and the Brahma Sutras when he was only sixteen years old. Sankara was very hardworking. Even though Sankara’s mother wanted him to marry a woman, Sankara wanted to become a Sannyasin. Sankara's mother was very much grieved that there would be no one to perform her funeral rites after her death. Sankara told his worrying mother that he would always be ready to serve her at the death-bed and perform the funeral rites. Even then his mother was not satisfied. One day, when Sankara and his mother were bathing in a river, Sankara noticed that a crocodile was dragging him deeper into the river by his foot! He shouted to his mother; “mother! Mother! I am getting dragged deeper into the river by a crocodile! I am lost. Let me die peacefully as a sannyasin. Give me the permission to die as a sannyasin. Let me take Apatha Sannyasa. Sankara’s mother let him die peacefully as a sannyasin, but suddenly the crocodile let him go unharmed. When Sankara came out of the waters of the river he was in, he became a nominal sannyasin. When he became a sannyasin, he had to say goodbye to his mother. He gave the little property he had to his mother, found some relatives to take care of her, and then went in search for a guru. While Sankara was search-ing for a guru, He met Swami Govindapada Acharya in a hermitage in Badrikashram

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(Badrinath) in the Himalayas. He came up to the guru and said at his feet; "O revered Guru! I am neither fire nor air nor earth nor waternone of these, but the Immortal Atma that is hidden in all names and forms". He also said in the end: "I am the son of Sivaguru, a Brahmin of Kerala. My father died in my childhood. I was raised by my mother. I have studied the Vedas and the Shastras under a teacher. I took Apath Sannyasa when a crocodile caught my foot while I was taking bath in the river. Kindly initiate me formally into the holy order of Sannyasa". Govindapada was very pleased with sankaraâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s truthful and well explained answer, and offered him the official robe of a sannyasa. The guru taught him the philosophy of Advaita which he himself had learnt from his Guru Gaudapada Acharya. Sankara learnt every philosophical tenent from guru Govindapada. Govindapada asked Sankara to go to Kashi. When Sankara got there, he wrote all his famous commentaries on the Brahmi Shustras, the Upanishads and the Gita and successfully met all the criticisms leveled against them. He then began to propagate his own philosophy. Sankara had the greatest esteem for his Guru Govindapada and his Parama Guru or the teacher's teacher, Gaudapada. Sankara's philosophical conquests are unique in the world. He had a triumphant tour all over India. He met the leaders of different schools. He convinced them by arguments and established the supremacy and truth of the religion that he said in his commentaries. He went to all the famous seats of learning. He challenged learned men to discussion, argued with them and conerted them to his opinions and views. He defeated Bhatta Bhaskara and condemned his Bhashya (commentary) on the Vedanta Sutras. He then met Dandi and Mayura and taught them his philosophy. He then defeated in argument Harsha, author of Khandana Khanda Kadya, Abhinavagupta, Murari Misra, Udayanacharya, Dharmagupta, Kumarila and Prabhakara. Sankara then traveled to Mahishmati. Mandana Misra was the chief Pundit of the court of Mahi shmati. Mandana was brought up in the Karma Mimamsa faith and so he did not like the Sannyasins. He was performing a Sraaddha ceremony when Sankaracame into the room. Immediately Mandana Misra became very angry. An ugly talk

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was started when the Brahmins, who were present there for dinner, interposed and pacified Mandana Misra. Then Sankara challenged Mandana to a religious competition. Mandana agreed. Bharati, who was the wife of Mandana Misra and who possessed scholarly erudition was appointed as the umpire. It was agreed beforehand that Sankara, if defeated, would become a regular householder and marry; and that Mandana, if defeated, would become a Sannyasin and receive the cloak of a Sannyasin from the hands of his own wife. The controversy began in right earnest and continued for days without any interruption. Bharati did not sit and listen to their argument. She threw two garlands, one each over the shoulders of each of the competitors, and said: "Whoeverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s garland begins to fade first should consider himself defeated". She left the place and began attend--ing to her own usual duties. The controversy went on for seventeen days. The garland of Mandana began to fade first. Mandana Misra accepted his defeat and offered to become a Sannyasin and follow Sankara. Bharati, the wife of Mandana, was an Avatar of Sarasvati, the Goddess of Learning. Once the sage Durvasa chanted the Vedas before Brahma and his wife in a big assembly. Durvasa committed a small mistake. Sarasvati laughed at it. Durvasa became enraged and said a curse that she would take birth in the world. Hence Saras-vati had to take birth as Bharati. Bharati now said to Sankara: "I am the other half of Manda-na. You have defeated only one half of us. Let us have a controversy". Sankara did not want to have competition with a woman. Bharati quoted instances wherein there had been controversies with women. Sankara then agreed and this controversy also went on, once more, for seven-teen days. Bharati passed from one Shastra to another. At last she found out that she could not defeat Sankara. She decided to defeat him by means of science of Kama Shastra. Sankara asked Bharati to give him an interval of one month for his preparation to hold controversy with her in the science of Kama Shastra. She agreed. Sankara went to Kashi. He separated his astral body from his physical body by means of his powers and left his physical body in the hole of a big tree and asked his disciples to take care of that body. He then entered into the dead body of Raja Amaruka which was about to be cremated. The

Raja rose up and all the people rejoiced at the astounding incident. The ministers and queens soon found out that the healed Raja was a different person, with different actions, qualities and thought. They realised that the soul of a great Mahatma had entered the body of Raja. Therefore, messengers were sent out to search for a human body hidden somewhere in forests and caves and to burn it when found. They thought that if they did so, the new Raja might remain with them for a long time. Sankara was acquiring all the experience of love with his queens. Maya is very powerful. In the midst, of those queens, Sankara entirely forgot all about his promises to his disciples about his going back to them. The disciples began to search for him. They heard about the miraculous resurrection of Raja Amaruka. They immedi-ately proceeded to the city and had an interview with the Raja. They sang a few philosophical songs which at once revi-ved the memory of Sankara. The disciples immedi-ately repaired to the place where the physical body of Sankara was kept hidden. By that time the messengers of the queen had found out the physical body and had just begun to set fire to it. The soul of San-kara just then entered his own body. Sankara prayed to Lord Hari to help him. There was a shower of rain immediately and that extinguished the flames. Then Sankara returned to the residence of Mandana Misra. He resumed the old controversy and answered all the questions raised by Bharati satisfactorily. Mandana Misra gave all his property as a gift to Sri Sankara and Mandana was made to distribute it to the poor and the deserving. He then became a disciple of Sankara. Sankara initiated him into the holy order of Sannyasa and gave him the name of 'Sureswara Acharya'. Sureswara Acharya was the first Sannyasin who took charge of the Sringeri Mutt. Bharati also accompanied Sankara to Sringeri and there she is worshipped even today. Sankara ascended the seat of omniscience after inviting Vedic scholars from all parts of India and answering their numerous questions. Sankara, by vanquishing all the religious opponents of his dayand they belonged to no less than seventy-two different schools and establishing the superiority of the Vedic Dharma had become the Jagadguru of

all. Sankara's success over the other religious sects was so complete that none of them have since been able to raise their head in the land. Most of them have disappeared altogether. After Sankara's time, although a few Acharyas have appeared, none of them have been able to vanquish those who differed from them as Sankara did and establish unquestioned supremacy. Sankara soon heard that his mother was very old and sick. After he heard, he immediately proceeded to Kaladi alone. When he got there, his beloved mother was in her deathbed. Sankara touched her feet in reverence. He praised Hari. Hariâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s messengers came, and took his motherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s physical body away into the abode of Hari. Sankara encountered serious difficulties in performing the funeral of his mother. Usually, Sannyasins do not perform any of these ceremonies which are enjoined on the householders. The Nambudiri Brahmins were all against Sankara. Sankara's relatives also did not help him. They did not come forward to help him even in carrying the dead body to the place of cremation and refused to give fire for igniting the funeral wood. At last Sankara determined to perform the funeral rites all alone. As he could not carry the entire dead body, he cut it into small pieces and removed the pieces one by one to the back of the house. He then made a pyre there of stems of plantain trees and set fire to it by his Yogic powers. Sankara wanted to teach the Nambudiris a big lesson. He then made the Namburidi local chief issue an edict that a corner should be set apart in each Illam or house of the Nambudiri Brahmins to burn the dead of the family and that they should cut the dead body into parts and then burn the same. This practice continues even today amongst Nambudiri Brahmins. Sankara then returned to Sringeri. From there he went out on a tour through the eastern coast with a large number of followers. He preached his Advaita philosophy wherever he went. He established the Govardhana Mutt at Puri. He went to Kancheepuram and attacked the Shaktas. He purified temples. He won over to his side the rulers of the Chola and the Pandya kingdoms. He went to Ujjain and put down the atrocities of the Bhairavas who were shedding human blood. He then proceeded to Dwaraka and established a Madam there. He then travelled along the course of the Ganges and held religious controversies with great personages. He did everything peacefully.

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Life and Teachings of

SREE NARAYANA GURU Mahita Vijili

Evil deeds and ignorance lurked in the streets of Kerala while women screamed of humiliation and children wept without a choice. An array of devotees stood forlorn, prohibited from entering the temple, due to one simple wordcaste. This ludicrous division among society stood firm until Sree Narayana Guru came into picture. He was not only a social reformer but was also an erudite philosopher and eloquent poet abundant with spiritual knowledge. His teachings and beliefs shown as source of radiance in the darkest times. This glorious spiritual leader was born on August 28th, 1856 AD under the Chathayam star. His name was originally Narayanan, and he belonged to the Ezhava cast. His parents were Madanasan and Kuttiamma in the village of Chempazahanthi. He had three younger sisters named Kochu, Kochu Matha, and Kochu Thevi. Sree Narayana Guru’s parents were elated to the arrival of their baby boy. However this baby had not uttered a single cry during birth, bathing or any other necessities that a baby may usually have. Gurudev carried this great silence and tranquility throughout his entire life. His extraordinarily adept and spiritual power was exhibited at an early age. Lucky to receive education, Guru’s first teacher was his father. Fluent in Sanskrit, Tamil, and Malayalam, Guru continued to excel in academics. The simple mention of caste and division was a mere antic to Sree Narayana Guru. In his eyes, God was equal to everyone, irrespective of their caste. As years flew by, Nanu’s parents decided to send their son to a school for higher education. Gurudev became a student of the famous scholar named Kummampally Raman Pillai Asan who resided in Kayamkulam. During his studies, Guru developed a devotional fondness toward Lord Krishna which helped him spiritually grow. After completing his

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higher studies in Puthupally, Nanu returned back home with intentions of becoming a teacher and accepted the title Nanu Asan. He established his own institution for children initially at Chempazahanthi and eventually at Meerankadavu for children of the Pulayas, or otherwise known as untouchables. At this time, Nanu Asan had accepted the lifestyle of a simple mendicant, wandering all across the country. Guru started to isolate from materialistic pleasures as spirituality became his only cynosure. He became exposed to various religions and perspectives, gaining Advaitic realization through Bhakti, Yogic Sadhana, and Knowledge. His famous quote, “One caste, one religion, one God,” remains a core part of society today. Through Nanu’s companionship with Chattampi Swamikal, he came in contact with the renowned yogi Thaikattu Ayyavu. Amidst Guru’s travels, his parents planned his marriage with Kaliamma right before he had left home. When Nanu came to know of this situation, he simply told Kaliamma, “All are born with some purpose in their lives, I have mine and you have yours. Let me go to fulfill my role.” He severed his ties from family life and continued life as a Sanyasi in pursuit of self realization. “Devoid of dividing walls, of caste or race, or hatred of rival faith, We all live here, in Brotherhood. Such, know this place to be,” was etched on the walls of the newly established Aruvippuram temple. Gurudev had plunged into the deepest depths of the Neyyar River and emerged from the river appear with a piece of shining stone, moulded into the shape of a Sivalinga. He trekked towards the temple with the Sivalinga and performed a deep course of three hour long meditation. Crowds of devotees followed Guru, while chants of the Siva Panchakshari mantra filled the night air. The Sivalinga Prathista was officially installed at three in the morning. This valiant act sparked shock among Brahmins, due to the fact that no one from a lower caste was allowed to consecrate and worship deities. This was a mark to a new start as well as a massive improvement to the lunatic asylum that Swami Vivekananda once described about Kerala. After the establishment of the Aruvippuram Temple in 1888, devotees from all across Kerala rushed to visit the holy place. Guru immediately spread solace to his devotees and countless miracles took place. He helped the blind see, the deaf hear, and even cured leprosy. These astonishing events demonstrated the spiritual power radiating from Guru.. Gurudev continued to build temples and allowed everyone to visit the temple irrespective of their caste. Eventually, Guru

built approximately one hundred temples in Kerala. It is significant to mention the individual Dr. Padmanabhan Palpu, a bacteriologist who worked hard to alter the caste-ridden society of Kerala. Like Sree Narayana Guru, he took the duty of destroying the tyrannic caste system by working with institutions such as Aryasamajam and Brahmasamajam. Among his travels, he met many influential individuals such as Rabindranath Tagore and Swami Vivekananda. He used these opportunities to expand his knowledge and experience, putting more effort to represent for people of the lower caste. Although he had made some accomplish-ments such as the Ezhava Sabha, Dr.Palpu was unable to make significant changes to the caste system. At this time, the Dr.Palpu came to hear about Sree Narayana Guru and the establishment of the Aruvippuram Temple. He approached Guru with a proposal to work together on his organi-zation. Initially, Sree Narayana Guru rejected this proposal, but later Dr.Palpu helped to form the organization, Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP) in 1903. Another individu-al that contributed to the formation of SNDP was the acclaimed poet, Sri Kumaran Asan. The government accepted Gurudev as the Celestial Religious Reformer of India. More and more institutions in the name of Guru were established all over Kerala. Dr.Palpu had once said, “This Yogam would one day become a huge tree. People may cut off its branches, but I am sure, the more they cut, the more it will grow.” This statement illuminates in truth, the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripa-lana Yogam, flourishing even today. As time passed, Sivagiri Mutt became a more popular place for worship. Guru had consecrat-ed Lord Subramania’s idol at Sivagiri in preparation for the Thypooyam celebration. Later, Gurudev established the Sivagiri Pilgrimage (otherwise known as the Sivagiri Theerthayatra) to symbolize the synchronization between Sreyas (Supreme Self) with Preyas (Mate-rialistic pleasure). Pilgrims are required to take vows for ten days and should follow the five moral purities along with purity of mind, speech, body, and senses. Annually, devotees from all over Kerala gather at the Sivagiri mutt draped in yellow garbs, and filled with zeal and devotion. Guru was not only a social reformer and a great spiritual leader, but he was also an eloquent writer, exalted for many literary works and litanies. He strived to spread his message of universal brotherhood through society with a driven passion.

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righteous way of performing duty, and important in our day to day lives. Following Dharma paves an individual’s trail to success and prosperity.

Guru’s Atmopadesa Satakam was one of his most well known works consisting of 100 stanzas explaining Self Instruction. This literary work delves deep into the theory that one must seek for Atman or Brahman. Consisting of a vast collection of Vedanta and Advaita concepts, the Atmopadesa Satakam urges the devotee to live a more meaningful life filled with bliss instead of temporary wisps of happiness. Guru realizes the Atma in us and uses compassion to portray his message in an informative, yet compelling way. The quintessence of this scripture may be unlocked only through a focused mind and a tranquil soul. “Brahma Sathyam, Jagat Midhya, Jeevo Brahmaivana para.” Or in other words, Brahma the cosmic soulis true, the world is an illusion, but there is no life without Brahma. Sree Narayana Guru contributed a new interpretation to this belief, insisting that illusion was the manifestation of Brahma, or the cosmic soul. He opened a practical view to philo-sophy, stressing the fact that as humans, we need to obliterate our daily impediments in a realistic perspective. Guru created a compilation of nearly 70 Upanishads in Malayalam, Sanskrit, and Tamil. Sree Narayana Guru spread many teachings, a bundle of knowledge that we could all benefit from. He states that one of the first steps to spirituality is cleanliness. Purity of the mind, body, soul, and senses is essential for an individual. It is also crucial to know that worldly pleasures are temporary, and the ultimate goal must be Moksha and bliss. Materialistic traces of happiness will never reach up to the level of glory bliss provides. Guru also conveys that with true devotion, all sins can be instantly shattered. Dharma is the

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As we journey deeper into the literary compositions of the Great Guru, it is almost impossible to ignore the Daivadashakam. This prayer introduced devotees into a realm of universal prayer. It gives a way to surrender fully to the Universal God, while shedding the barriers between society that human beings created. The Daivadasakam explains how one should pray, and glorifies the concept of universal prayer. Guru makes it evident that prayer is the opportunity for anyone without boundaries of caste or creed, class or sect. One may wonder what led Guru to this composition, so let’s flashback to the year of 1914 at the Sharada Devi Temple. This temple stands proudly, established for Dalit individuals whom Guru had helped spiritually prosper. These Dalit Archakas had requested Guru to compose a simple hymn for them to recite. Sree Narayana Guru then decided that a prayer should exist solely for the sake of praying, and not directed to one specific deity. After the Daivadasakam was composed, this beautiful chant reverberated the walls of the esteemed temple. In 1925, Gandhiji payed a visit to the Sharada Mutt. He was struck with enchantment to see the abundance of devotion and dedication among Guru’s students. As we approach the year of 2014, take note that we have reached the centenary year for Daivadasakam. This hymn has been translated into eight various languages, remaining as an everlasting impact in our community. Sree Narayana Guru’s blessings proceed to guide us to the universal truth of unity and brotherhood. Dharma Sangom was one of the last public functions Sree Narayana Guru had attended. During his stay at the Vaikom Ashram, he was feeling ill, causing him to visit Palakkad and Madras for better treatment. Even during the weakest points of his own personal health, Guru performed more miracles to remove chronic diseases of the devotees who came to him. As Guru’s health began to wilt, he started to wonder if he should stop living for his human body. A few days later, Gurudev arrange September 20th, 1928 or the 5th day of Kanni to prepare meals for everyone. That day was marked with pouring rain, and Guru requested his disciples to chant the Daivadasakam. Vivaciously serene, Gurudev watched as his disciples starting singing melodiously. While chanting the last line of Daivadasakam, Sree Narayana Guru attained Mahanirvana. The Great Guru emanated divinity in its purest

Anjali Paliam

In Kalady, Kerala (South India), a brahmin named Sivaguru and his wife Aryamba, had a baby. It was a boy They named him Samkara. “Sam” means prosperity and “Karathi” means the giver. Sankara was born on AD 788, under the star “Thiruvathira”. Everyone came to visit Sankara as a baby. They all saw the divinity of the child, and understood, that this child was not an ordinary child. As Sankara was growing up, everybody saw how intelligent he was. Even at the age of three, Sankara was given the “Aksharabyas”, which was the learning of reading and writing. When Sankara turned four, sadly, Sankara’s father Sivaguru died. Sankara’s mother, Aryamba, sent Sankara to Gurukula school at the age of four. In the Gurukula, he mastered all the verses and slokas, and in two years, he composed a book! Only when Sankara was six years old, he made a book called “Balabodha-Samgraha”. When Sankara was six, he was initiated into Brahmacharya. Brahmacharis go from house to house every day, to collect Bhiksha. Bhiksha is food offered from different people’s houses. One day, Sankara stopped at a brahmin lady’s house to collect Bhiksha. The lady, who was poor, didn’t have a single grain in her house to give to Sankara. However, she had one amlaka fruit, which she gave to Sankara, because sending a brahmachari empty handed was not proper. Sankara was so pleased with the lady’s kind actions, that he prayed to goddess Lakshmi to bless her. Goddess Lakshmi came and showered

gold coins on the house. When Sankara was eight years old, he completed his education at the gurukula, and returned home. Sankara looked after his mother and continued to study. Soon, Sankara’s name was known to everybody in the neighborhood, and fame spread far and near. One day, when Sankara was taking a bath, a crocodile got hold of his leg, and didn’t let go. Sankara cried for his mother! Aryambal ran down to her son. She had no way of helping Sankara from the crocodile. Still, in the grip of the crocodile, Sankara informed his mother that his life was almost going to end. So, if Sankara became a sanyasi, he could start a new life as one. So, Sankara got permission from his mother, and became a Sanyasi. Sankara went in search for a guru. At the banks of a river, the water was gushing into the fluids. So he encapsulated the river in his kalamandal, and released it into the banks of the river. There was a guru named Sri Govinda Bagawathpadar who saw this, and took Sankara as a shishya (student). Sri Govinda Bagawathpadar taught the Vedas and Advaita to Sankara, and told him to spread this throughout India. Advaita means, “not two”. Advaita is one of the two principal Vedantic schools, asserting the existence of Brahman alone. The meaning is that there is only one god. Only when Sankara was eight years old, he began travelling all alone throughout India. He survived by getting bhiksha from house to house, sleeping under trees and resting in temples. First, Sankara travelled all the way to Kasi. Eight year old Sankara travelled with hard work and great effort to reach Kashi. It took four years for him to get there. When Sankara got to Kasi, he had many disciples. Many people would come to Sankara and listen to his lectures and discourses. Some people, who wanted to find the vedantic

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studies, stayed with Sankara. Many of the disciples, admirers, pundits, priests and devotees of Sankara, called Sankara as an “Acharya”, meaning “teacher”. Sankara, who was twelve years old, was now Sankaracharya. Oneday, while Sankaracharya was walking, a low caste man, (chandala) was blocking his way. Sankaracharya asked him to move. The chandala asked Sankaracharya, “should my body move, or my spirit move away?”. Immediately Sankaracharya realized that this was Lord Shiva. Sankaracharya bowed to the Chandala and sang five slokas called “Manisha Panchakam.” Lord Shiva blessed Sankaracharya and said to compose commentaries for the scriptures and spreading their true message among mankind. Sankaracharya wrote 15 books. “Brahma Sutras”, 12 upanishads, Srimad Bhagavad Gita, and Sunat Sujatheeyam. The Brahma-Sutras, upanishads, and Bhagavad Gita are called Prasthana Thraye. Writing commentaries on scriptures wasn’t easy. Along with this, Sankaracharya still taught his disciples and clarified their doubts. Even the king of Jyothirdam learned the basic tenets of hinduism and reestablish Vedic culture. After completing his scriptu-res, Sankaracharya travelled to Kedarnath and Uttarkashi. With his disciples, they travelled all over India, with their fame spreading. Sankara went along the Yamuna, visited a lot of holy places Kurukshetra, Indraprastha, Mathura, and Vrindavan. At last, Sankaracharya travelled to a place called Sringeri in Karnataka. When Sankara was there, divined by his superior powers that his mother was in her deathbed, and as per his promise while taking Sanyas that he would be by her side, Sankaracharya travelled all the way to Kalady. He paid his last respects to his mother. Aryambal was very happy. Lord Venkateswara appeared and blessed Aryambal. After the death of Sankara’s mother, Padmapar, Sureshwar, Hastamalaka and Sankaracharya travelled all over India and talked and spread Advaita. Some of the main places Sankaracharya visited in India were Thiruvidaimarudur, Thiruvanaikar, and Tirupathi. He gave intense training on his disciples all the time. When Sankaracharya visited Srisailam, he did penance for many days. One day, while doing penance, a Kabalika, Kirakashan appeared in front of Sankaracharya. Kabalikas were against Advaita. He asked Sankaracharya to give his body as a human sacrifice to Lord Shiva. Kirakashan was about to cut off Sankaracharya’s head, when Narasimha appeared, and killed Kirakashan! After visiting

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many places, Sankaracharya completed his travels and went to Badrinath. There, Lord Vishnu told Sankaracharya to take the sculpture from the Alakananda river, and build a temple for it. This temple is called Badrinarayan. Sankaracharya was such a great leader to everyone. He never gave up on any task that lay in front of him. He worked so hard and travelled throughout India by foot, starting at the age of eight. Sankaracharya is one of the greatest philosophers of Sanata Dharma. He taught and spread Advaita Vedanta philosophy. He brought about the revival of Hinduism. His main goal was to spread Advaita throughout the country of India. Sankaracharya established four institutions, “Mathas” throughout India while traveling. The Mathas represent the four different Vedas: Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva. The teachers there, teach these four Vedas. These institutions are in the four parts of India, north, south, east, and west. 1) The first matha is called the Jyotirmath Pitham. It is located north, in the state of Uttarakhand. Joshimath teaches/is meant for Atharva Veda. 2) The second matha is called Sringeri Sarada Pitham. It is located south, in the state of Karnataka. Sringeri Sarada Pitham teaches/is meant for Yajur Veda. 3) The third matha is called Govardhana Pitham. It is located east, in the state of Odisha. Govardhana Pitham teaches/is meant for Rig Veda. 4) The fourth matha is called the Dwaraka Pitham. It is located west, in the state of Gujarat. Dwaraka Pitham teaches/is meant for SamaVeda. These institutions are to teach the people of India the four different vedas. Sankaracharya also established Kanchi Kamakoti Pitham in Tamil Nadu. This foundation was one of the most significant factors in the development of leading philosophy of India. Sankaracharya died at the age of thirty-two on AD 820 in Kedarnath, he attained Mahasamadhi. Sankaracharya lived only 32 years but his contributions towards spiritual awakening is more than any human being has achieved. His literary works are numerous and are very popular because of its spiritual, devotional, poetic and literary value. His original writings (Moolam) are 33 which include Vivekachoodamani, Vakyavrthi, Atmabodham, Manneshpanchakam, Advaitanubhooti and so on. His Bhashyams (Commentaries) are about 17 which include Vedanta sutras of Badrinarayana, eleven Upanishats, Bhagavat Geeta, Vishnusahasranamam and so on.

Danashoora Karna Hirschel Nambiar

After reading many stories of Mahabharata, one of the characters in “The Epic” that made me think again and again and taught me lot of lessons of our culture is the heroic Karna. Karna was one of the strongest and most admired characters in the story. He could have defeated anyone in the world with his unique power. Although he was innocent, he was very unfortunate and suffered due to that. Starting from his birth, he was exploited and cheated by people. Many questions pondered me when reading the stories of Karna. Why Karna’s mother Kunti, did not accept him as a son and why she did not take care of him? When King Pandu, husband of Kunti, asked her to use the mantras, why didn’t Kunti come forward and tell that she had a son with Sooryadev’s powers? After knowing that Karna was born to Kunti why he was not treated as the eldest of the Pandavas and the heir to Hastinapur and Indraprastha? Why Karna was so close and friendly with Dhuryodhana even though he was Sarathiputra and low caste? How did Krishna know that Karna was the son of Kunti and why Krishna asked him to join Pandavas in the war? How each and every one starting from his own mother Kunti requested things from Karna and made him to lose the war? To find answers to all these, we should read the stories and take a close look at the life of Karna. Each phase of Karna’s life gives us a number of lessons of the Hindu mythology, engaging us to learn and lead a successful life. Karna was born to Kunti from the Sun God, when she was a sinister. It looks little extraordi-nary, but how can that have happened and why? Kunti, the daughter of Shurasena and sister of Vasudeva, served Rishi Durvasa when he visited Hastinapur. The Maharshi was pleased by Kunti’s care and gave her 5 boons. Boons are wishes that become true and real in any means. Kunti wanted to test

whether these boons were real or fake. So, out of uncontroll-able curiosity, when Kunti was young, she tested one of the boons, by chanting the mantra. In the boon, Rishi Durvasa had told her that whomever she thinks during the mantra will come in front of her and offer her a son of similar powers. During the test, Kunti thought of Sun God, Soorya, and he gave her a son. Karna was the son of powerful Soorya and born with Kavach and Kundal, which made him unstoppable. From this part of the story, we can learn that if you work hard and serve your pare-nts and people well, they will reward you, so keep working honestly. Another lesson learned is, do not test or wish for things which are not supposed to be within your reach. Wait for the right time. Having a baby before marriage, scared Kunti. She was worried about the consequences from her parents and tried to abandon the child to save her future. She kept the new born baby in a basket and left him floating in the Ganges River. A charioteer fortunately saw the basket and found the cute baby inside. He brought up the baby which is why Karna was also called as Sarathiputhra. The lesson learned here is that we should take responsibility of our actions and be brave enough to face it, otherwise we may end up in trouble. Also, parental care and nurture is important for kids, if not, one’s life could be ruined. If Kunti accepted Karna as her son, the entire Mahabharata story would have been different. Karna wanted to learn archery from the great guru Dhronacharya. However, Dronacharya, only taught archery to the Kshathriyas and he refused to teach Karna because he was of a lower-cast. Instead, Karna learned fighting skills from the Sun God and his brother Shona. Karna wanted to learn

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advanced archery and Brhamastra from the guru Parashuram, who also taught Dronacharya. But, guru Parashu-ram taught only Brahmins, so Karna could not learn from him. To learn, Karna disguised himself as a Brahmin and went to Parashuram and learned advanced archery, weapons and warfighting skills. After the training, Parashu-ram proclaimed that Karna is equivalent to him in archery and war fighting. One day, guru Parashuram, was sleeping on the lap of Karna. At this time a bee stung Karna's thigh and blood started dripping. Although it was hurting, Karna did not move his legs because he didn’t want the teacher to be disturbed and be awakened. When Parashuram woke up by the oozing of the blood, he saw Karna’s leg bleeding. Only then did Parashuram realize the truth that Karna was not a true Brahmin, because only a Kshathria can withstand the pain and not a Brahmin. Karna disclosed his identity and Parashuram cursed Karna that he will forget all the know-ledge and skills he learned to use Brahmastra when he desperately need it. While practicing archery and war fighting skills, Karna killed lot of cows. The Brahmins then cursed Karna that he will become helpless like the cows with his chariot getting stuck to the ground during critical time. The lesson learned here is that, whatever desire we have, we should always speak the truth; otherwise, truth may come out later by some means. At that time, it is much harder than the consequences of telling at the beginning. Also, never hurt innocent people or animal for recreation purposes. Killing for joy is never justified in life. Karna entered an archery contest and challeng-ed Arjun. But, according to the rules of the competition, one should be a prince of a kingdom to compete. At that time, Duryodhana immediately made Karna the King of Anga Desh even though Karna was of low caste. This helped Karna to compete and it build friendship and respect for Duryodhana. Duryodhana liked Karna’s challenge to Arjun and realized that, he is one of the best archers and war fighter who has the strength and potential to defeat Arjun and the Pandavas. Duryodhana wanted to have someone strong like Karna in his team. Since then, Karna dedicated himself to Duryodhana. Karna became the best friend of Dhuryodhana and he pledged to fight the Kurukshetra war by Dhuryodhana’s side. Karna was not aware that Kunti, the queen of King Pandu of Hastinaspur was his mother and he is a Pandava. Even then, it is believed that Karna would fight for Kaura-vas, since, Kauravas helped him when he badly needed help. After he became

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the Prince of Anga, he took an oath that anyone who asks for things when he is praying to the Sun God will not go barehanded. From this part, we can learn that to make best teams, we should look for the qualification and capabilities rather than caste or creed. It is important to help and support friends and relatives to build faith and create loyalty. Donate generously when you have wealth to people in the world who are not as blessed as we currently are and need help. When Pandavas were in exile, Karna helped Duryodhana to build his Empire. During the marriage of Draupadi, the condition was that anyone who is able to string the metal bow and shoot a revolving bird only by looking at the shadow of the bird in the water can marry Draupadi. Karna was able to string the bow and shoot the target unlike many other princes. But, Draupadi refused to accept him as her husband because Karna was of the lower-caste. Later, Arjuna disguised himself as a Brahmin and came to the contest was also able to string the bow and hit the target which made him win Draupadi. When Karna realized that the brahmin was Arjun, he was unhappy and wanted to displease the Pandavas. During the dice game, Karna supported to insult Draupadi because God intended only one woman for a man, but Druapdi had five husbands and she was not a clean woman. In fact, it is said that Karna is the only one in the entire Mahabharata that had one wife and followed ‘eka pathni vrita”. For this we should really admire Karna. The unique lesson learned here is that there are differences between various religions, but we are all humans and should be able to merge. For a happy family and fulfilling life men should have only one wife. Vrushali is Karna’s wife and they had 9 children together. Just before the war, Krishna revealed to Karna that he is the first son of Kunti and Surya Deva which made him the eldest of the Pandavas and Dharmaraja would be eager to give him the crown of Indraprastha. But Karna refused the offer because most of his life he was known as a charioteer’s son and suffered humiliation. Only one person who helped him was Duryodhana. Karna wanted to honor the loyalty and friend-ship of Duryodhana and said he will not join the Pandavas. Indra, the father of Arjun realized that Karna could not be killed as long he has the protective Kavach and Kundal. Indra appeared as a brahmin while Karna was worshipping Sun God. Since Karna has taken oath that he would not send back anyone who came asking for things

when he was praying, he offered Indra whatever he wanted. Although, Sun God, Surya Dev has informed Karna of Indra’s identity and that he will be asking for the Kavach and Kundal, still Karna gave Indra the Kavach and Kundal. In return Karna asked Indra for the powerful weapon, Vasava Shakthi. Indra gave that to Karna with a condition that it could be used only once. When war approached, Kunti came to Karna and revealed that he is her first son and asked him not to kill her five Pandava sons. Kunti was afraid that Karna would kill them. Karna requested his mother to keep their relationship a secret and promised her that her children will be alive. Kunti was also afraid that Karna may fight against Arjun and kill him. So she asked Karna to promise her not to use his unique celestial weapon against Arjun twice as suggested by Lord Krishna. This promise killed Karna because he could not use the two unique Asthras given by Parashuram, the Nagastra and Rudrasthra. This part of the story teaches us the lesson that, people would do anything to prevent war and the subsequent loss of lives and properties. The most practical people of Mahabharata, Krishna and Kunti try to weaken the enemy and try to do things to protect their loved ones. Suffering humiliation throughout, Karna was not afraid of the deeds of people and kept his generosity. Although Kunti loved Karna, her association with the enemies made her to not help Karna. It is always important to join the better group rather than the bad group. During the Kurukshethra war, Karna entered the battlefield after the 11th day when Bishma had fallen. On the 14th day when the war extended to night hours, Krishna made Karna to use the Vasava Shakthi, the weapon given by Indra on Ghatothkaj, so that it could not be used against Arjuna. After Dronacharya’s death, Karna took over as commander-in-chief of the Kauravas. Being a great warrior, Karna was superior to all and on the 16th day of the war, Karna defeated all the Pandavas except Arjun. Because of the promise he had given to Kunti, he spared all of the Pandavas. He then used Nagasthra against Arjun, but Krishna lowered the chariot and saved Arjun. Karna spared Arjun as the sun was setting and according the rules they could not fight after sunset. Whatever team you are in, when you play the game you do the best to win. On the seventeenth day of the battle, Karna cut the string of Arjun’s bow many times. Because of the curse by the brahmins, Karna’s chariot wheel was stuck to the ground. At this moment, due to the curse from Parashuram, Karna forgot and could

not use the Brahmastra. When Karna was working to raise his chariot wheel, he asked Arjun to stop the battle according to the rules. But Krishna insisted on fighting and reminded Arjun of all the problems created by Kauravs and asked him to continue fighting. Karna later used the celestial weapon Rudrastha that hit Arjun’s chest. Arjun lost the Gandiva, his strong and popular bow. Because of the war rules of not fighting a weaponless warrior, Karna stopped fighting and tried to work on his chariot wheel. During this critical juncture, Arjun used the Anjalika weapon when Karna had no weapons to fight and while he was trying to lift the chariots wheel. This killed Karna. Although it is illegal to attack a weaponless warrior, Krishna instructed Arjun to do so and tried to defeat the stronger Karna. These types of poor war ethics by Arjun and Krishna lead Karna to lose the war. To win a game or war people will do anything, including those who are believed to be good. So one has to be more careful and should protect oneself. There are several versions of the stories of Karna’s death. In some scripts, Parashurama appeared in Karna’s dream and when Karna asked to reverse the curse, Parashurama said that he must die for the win of Dharma, so Karna agreed to be killed in the war. In other versions, Karna’s father and Arjun’s father came to Karna’s death bed in the battlefield and argued who is greater. They appeared in front of Karna as disguised Brahmins and asked him to give something. When Karna had nothing to give, the Brahmins suggested that he had golden teeth and could give that. Karna gave the golden tooth to them and is considered to be superior to all others in Mahabharata. In other version, Krishna appears in front of Karna and asks for his Punya and told him that he can show his Viswaroopa to Karna. In life, no one wants a great person to die. That is why the writer, Vyasa Maharshi had a tough time to provide a clear ending. At this time people have taken their view and ended up the story of Karna as they wanted. Everyone wanted to place Karna above all in Mahabharata because of his strength and sacrifice. If people do well, everyone will keep them in their memories and make them immortal. Following the end of the war, Pandavas performed the last riots of Karna, realizing that he was their elder brother. This was requested by Kunti. Dharmaraja was upset as to why Kunti did not tell Karna was her son earlier. Dharmaraja who had never cursed anyone in life before, ended up cursing all the ladies saying that they cannot keep a secret in their life. Some say that both Kunti and foster mother Radha came to Karna’s deathbed and revealed his birth and Pandavas performed his

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The Courageous Warrior

Pranav Nair

As Arjuna grew up, he became an amazing and courageous archer. His guru, Drona, loved Arjuna more than any of his other students. One day, Dronacharya tested Arjuna, his brothers, and their cousins, the Kauravas, in archery. Drona placed a wooden bird on a tree and gave a bow to Yudhisthira. He asked Yudhisthira if he saw the bird, the tree, Drona himself, and the princes.

Kunti, daughter of Kuntibhoja, prayed for three sons because her husband was cursed. Kunti had a blessing that let her summon celestials to get children. Her husband, Pandu, a Kuru king, insisted she should pray to Dharma first. Pandu wanted his first child to be righteous and noble. Kunti then prayed to Dharma. Dharma, the deity of righteousness, arrived and by his grace, Kunti obtained an excellent son whom they named Yudhishthira. After the birth of Yudhishthira, Pandu asked Kunti for a son of intense might who is invincible in battle. Kunti then prayed to Vayu. Vayu, the powerful deity of winds, arrived and gave her a strong, humble son whom they named Bheema. After the birth of Bheema, Pandu wanted a son that would win the admiration of the whole world. So, he asked Kunti to pray to Indra, king of devas, for another son. Kunti prayed and obtained a son who is famous in all three worlds. When the baby was born, devas adored that son of Kunti. That son was named Arjuna.

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Yudhisthira replied saying he saw each of the things Drona mentioned clearly. Hearing his answer, Drona took the bow from him and said that he will not be able to hit the bird. He gave the bow to each of the other princes and asked them what they saw. But, they all said they saw the bird, the tree, Drona, and the princes all clearly. Lastly, he gave the bow to Arjuna and asked him what he saw. Arjuna said he saw the bird’s head and nothing else. Drona smiled and told Arjuna to shoot. Arjuna shot an arrow right at the bird’s head. Arjuna’s arrow hit the head of the bird. Arjuna was very courageous. After the princes grew into young men, Drona held a tournament so people could see how much the princes have learned. The princes performed magnificent feats and showed off their talent well. At the end of the tournament, Drona announced that Arjuna is going to perform some feats. Arjuna entered the arena and did some amazing tricks with his bow. He shot the Agneya missile

out of his bow and started a fire. Then he shot the Varuna missile out of his bow and dosed out the fire with a column of water from the missile. He brought a gale of wind with the Vayavya missile and clouds with the Parajanya missile. He set up mountains with the Parvata missile and turned invisible with the Antardhana missile. Suddenly, the doors of the arena slammed open. A clad in armor entered the arena. It was Karna. When Kunti first got her blessing, she tried it out by praying to Lord Surya, the sun god. Surya gave her a son who was born with armor and earrings. Kunti was afraid, so she put her son in a basket and floated him down a river. A charioteer named Adhiratha found him and named him Vasushena. Vasushena was soon known as Karna. Karna said that he would do everything Arjuna just did. After he did so, he challenged Arjuna to a fight. But one of the princes’ gurus, Kripa, asked Karna which royal family he was from. Then, Duryodhana, the eldest of the Kauravas, crowned Karna as the King of Anga. Adhiratha entered the arena and embraced his son. But Bheema told Karna he wasn’t worthy of fighting Arjuna because he was

just the son of a charioteer. Arjuna was brave enough to accept Karna’s challenge. Arjuna married Draupadi, daughter of King Drupada. He won Draupadi at a swayamvara by shooting five arrows through a small gap in one shot. Many Kshatriyas came to the swayamvara to obtain Draupadi. Karna tried to shoot through the gap, but Draupadi refused to marry a charioteer. Arjuna shot five arrows through the gap with ease. When he came back home that day, Arjuna announced that he brought alms. Kunti replied saying they should enjoy it all together. But Kunti did not see Draupadi. So, all of the Pandavas married Draupadi. Arjuna was an amazing warrior. Arjun also played a major role in the Mahabrath War. Before the war, Arjuna did not want to fight because he was fighting against his loved ones and gurus. But, Krishna told Arjuna that he had to fight and taught him life lessons. This was called the Bhagavadgita. After that, Krishna showed Arjuna his Vishwa Rupam. Then, Arjuna was ready to fight in the war. He won the war.

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Ancient India’s Contributions to the World We have all heard about the Greeks, Chinese, Romans, and how fantastically illuminating and advanced their culture and learning was. However, there is one civilization that has not received that much hype, but has still contributed a great deal more. This civilization that prevailed in Ancient India, also called Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the most influen-tial communities at its time. It was not only one of the superpowers, but also a remarkable trailblazer in math, astronomy, communication, and other subjects during that period. Ancient India’s proficiency in math and science provided the basis for the Greek discoveries, and its religion inspired Buddhism, which found great acceptance in other parts of the world like China. So without Ancient India’s knowledge, there would be no creditable Greek invention, and without Greeks contributions, we all know that Romans would not have had anything significant to supply to the world. Albert Einstein once said, “We owe a lot to Indians who taught us how to count, without which no worth while scientific discovery could have been made.” Ancient India has contributed to the discovery of many different things in different subject, such as mathematics, astronomy, science, medicine and other subjects. If India had not existed, we would have never known half the things we know now. Think of a world, a world without even the beginnings of math, a number system. At this point, an Indian mathematician named Aryabhata discovered the number zero, which led to the fact that we can count these days. The number zero, discovered by this mathematician, is the cornerstone in many fields of math, science, and technology. Without this number, we wouldn’t have discovered addition, let alone binary code, which is the basis of most compu-ters nowadays. Aryabhata

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Suveena Sreenilayam

also approximated the value of pi, and his major works are includ-ed in the Aryabhatiya, a compendium of both mathematics and astronomy. The mathematical part of his work encompasses major fields of math, such as algebra, trigonometry, fractions, and quadratic equations. As said before, Aryabhata also worked in the field of astronomy. He was the first person to measure the distance between the Earth and the Sun accurately. He also figured out that the earth rotates on its own axis and was the first person to scientifically explain the concept of an eclipse. Ancient Indians also developed and used many instruments to measure time, like water clocks and sundials. Other instruments, for example the Shanku Yantra (the gnome), Chaya Yantra (shadow instrument), and many other angle measuring instruments, were also used in astronomy. Sanskrit is considered to be the mother of all languages, and its’ birthplace is in India. It is still one of the official languages of India. Sanskrit has been the basis of most languages developed and still used in India to this date. Senior scientist in artificial intelligence, Rick Briggs, who works at NASA says that Sanskrit is the only language that can be translated to machine in the least amount of words. Sashrutha, considered to be the father of surgery, had performed many different surgeries, thousands of years before in India, including cosmetic surgery and rhinoplasty. Sushrutha Samhitha, a collection of his surgical practices, includes the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for many ailments. This is the oldest available material for surgical procedures. Ayurveda, an ancient school of medicine, believ-es that there is a correlation, a strong one, between the mental state and the physical state. Those who believed in this developed many medicinal preparations that are

still used in parts of South East Asia. Yoga, a great meditational method, was also developed in Ancient India. Many people currently still practice this version of meditation. It is believed that practicing yoga will keep you away from many dangerous diseases. Even now, many researchers suggest that yoga is a better medicine for incurable diseases. Metallurgy, the skill of working with metal, is a skill that many Ancient Indians were exceptional at. Indians have developed religious objects with iron. Incredibly, many hundreds of years after their creation, they show no signs of rust upon them. There is scientific proof that zinc, copper, and other metals were also used in the creation of these objects. They also used iron to make their weapons. India was richer in spices and other goods of trade. India was also closer to better trade routes, making it easier to trade with other countries in the eastern side of the world than other civilizations. The world’s first university, Takshashila, existed in India (now in Pakistan because of separation) thousands of years ago. This very place was the source of knowledge for the entire world. The university produced many great scholars, and among the most notable ones was Chanakya. Chanakya wrote a book called the Arthashastra (Economics). This is one of the oldest books in the subject of economy. Chanakya’s principles in Arthashastra are still valid even today’s contemporary life according to the Indian National Security Advisor in 2013. Grand Anicut is one of the oldest bridges in the world, and was built on the river Kaveri, in India. This structure is also still in full use even now. The first dock was built by Indians around 2400 BCE, at Lothal in India. Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism are all different religion whose birthplaces are India. All these religions co-exist in India, and it is the only country that produced that many religions and is still be able to balance diverse religious atmospheres. The major religion in India, Hinduism, has helped the world as well. It preaches kindness, and tolerance for other religions, and the after-life we believe in is full of peace and tranquility. Our prayers include meditation, yoga, and other acts of tranquility. Yoga and relaxation is a major part of Hinduism, and many other religions and cultures have adapted this form of meditation to fit their needs and religion. Apart from being a prayer, it is also used as an escape from the evil in life. There are many types of yoga in the world now. Another form of relaxation is meditation. It was first developed in India, and is now used all over the world as a way to focus on what matters and the good things in life.

Hinduism is full of many men and women who have created amazing philosophies and ideas that even people who not follow Hinduism should listen to. One of these is Mahatma Gandhi, a Hindu leader in the early 20th century, during the time of the Indian Revolution. He taught equality, nonviolence, love, respect and tolerance. Gandhi once led the whole of India on the Salt March, breaking the British salt laws. Thousands of Indians joined him on this march, He produced salt without paying the tax. Gandhi’s Salt March, also called Salt Satyagraha, was the first greatest act of peaceful/civil disobedience, and was also the first significant organized challenge for a long time. Gandhi’s saying of satyagraha, loosely translated to truth-force, was followed by many Indians yearning for their country back. Gandhi was considered to be the Father of India. These teachings of Gandhi influenced future non-violence leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr., and others during the movement for civil rights for the colored in the 1960’s. Many of India’s religious texts also contain large portions of philosophical information. Ancient Indians also gave women greater importance, in fact, they enjoyed an almost equal status with men. Scholars believed at that time that civilizations at that time didn’t give equal rights. In the Vedic period, women were educated. Women used to get married at a mature age, and were free to choose their husbands, but the parents had to agree as well. Chess (Chaturanga) is also invented by Indians thousands of years before, they used to play it for development of their military. The strategists would divide it into four parts, infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariotry. Scientists also believe that the “snakes and ladders” game was also invented by ancient Indians. Cotton was first cultivated by ancient Indians around 7,000 years ago. They produced the finest cotton of their time, most of the people used to think it was silk. They also developed some spinning and fabricating techniques. Indian agriculture dates back thousands of years ago. They also domesticated many plants and animals. Scientists believe the first spinning mill could have been invented by Indians, Diamonds were first discovered by Indians and they used them to decorate crowns and other valuable items. India was the only source of diamonds of diamonds until 1986 according to the Gemological Institute of America. India produced some of the best diamonds in the world, and one of them is the Koh-I-Noor diamond. It’s currently held by Great Britain their queen’s crown. This is just the tip of the iceberg, and there are many other beautiful qualities in India. The era of Ancient India is one of the most beneficial times in

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Martin Luther King Jr. His Words and Ideas in Our Time Deepak Menon

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. grew up when America was a nation of people divided by their skin color. Blacks suffered from segregation; they were not allowed to use facilities like churches or restaurants, which were "Whites only". Dr. King was greatly influenced by non-violent principles of Mahatma Gandhi. Dr. King believed that physical force could only be defeated by mental strength and a strong will. He lived his entire life to ensure freedom and justice to all. America today is the greatest democracy, thanks to Dr. King. Today, we live in a world that is divided based on

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culture, nationality and money. A world where countries fight each other for small reasons. This is not good for the future of the people. Let us all share the dream of Dr. King, where justice becomes a reality for all. Let us share Dr. Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dream of creating nations that spend less amount of money on military defense and more resources on programs of social uplift. Let us work hard to set an example to the coming generation that will look up to us. Let us try to help the poor and needy so that all men who are created equal will be able to live lives of equality.

The History of the

Internet Marshall Nambiar

We use the internet all the time. But have you ever thought how this masterpiece was created, and how it evolved in the few decades it’s been alive. J. C. R. Licklider It’s a really wonder how people just like you and I could have created something this amazing. The story of the creation of the Internet is a good motivator that yells out to us that if we put our minds to something, we can make it come true. The idea for the Internet started in the early 1950’s as the first electronic computers came around. Many countries including Britain, France and the United States started researching and providing contracts on creating a network where countries could communicate. In August, 1962, J. C. R. Licklider, an MIT scientist, was one of the first to describe a “new” networking system where information could be put on, and one that allowed easy communica-tion from far distances. Licklider was hired by the US Department of Defense, for a branch known as DARPA, (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). There, Licklider began writing memos about his job as the part of the information office, and the three different terminals that were installed to talk to three different places. To talk to place one, you have to use one terminal, and to talk to another, you would have to log off of the previous terminal and log on to another terminal. The idea of the ARPAnet, a single terminal which allowed communication everywhere, emerged. Robert Taylor, head of DARPA, realized that Licklider’s ideas would be a change the world needed to see, and started to research on how to complete this goal. He bought in Larry Roberts and

started a project to build the modern day Internet. The ARPAnet went live on October 29, 1969, but only 2 letters were sent across before the system crashed. Although for us this seems very little, it was the beginning of a new era. By the end of 1969, a network was created between the University of Utah and University of California where letters, words, and information could be sent across. Although other networks were created around the same time, ARPAnet-main became the foundation for the modern day internet. Needing one main network because of all the smaller ones, the developers of ARPAnet and other networks came together to create a new network that would combine all the small ones as well as make the host servers in charge of what happens on the network instead of the network instead. This protocol is called the TCP/IP protocol, and it is one of the main comp-onents that have shaped the Internet today. The TCP/IP protocol became the Internet as it grew global. CERN, Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, (European Council for Nuclear Research) began installing internal servers and systems. As the new network system replaced the multiple smaller versions, the Internet became global. Internet service providers were founded, and the ARPAnet and other technology soon evolved into the modern day Internet. Today, overtwo billion people use the internet today. I think we should all give our thanks to all of those people who have worked together to make the most used network system in the world today. If it wasn’t for those who worked so hard to create a multi-decade long project, we would be far less advanced in life. Now that you know the history of the internet and

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Shriya Rejeesh

Wolves

When I walk out in the freeze, I see a wolf at my feet With big eyes, and strong teeth And a round face, and large feet You wouldn’t find them around here They live in places far and near Some in Colorado, some in Alaska Some in Canada, some in Nebraska They eat things big and small bears, birds, lizards, and frogs How many days does it take to eat them all!

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Sharon Jose

#1 Coach There are many coaches for basketball But you’re the best one of them all You put in so much time and effort And care about all our comfort You never ever let us down Always turning our frowns upside down You’re always there to help us out Whenever we are in doubt You never lose hope in us No matter how much we fuss You’ve always been there to help us relax Except for that one game against Fairfax We may not have won a game But you’re not the one to blame You walk around with a smile on your face Trying to hide all that disgrace You’ve embraced our small victories And let go of our big failures You always have a positive approach And that’s what makes you a great coach!

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t b m K

a m \ h c m i n ° v` m c X w \ ¬ I n b G ‰ h p w h e n b H c p a n ® vD ≠ m h p t º m ƒ a \ p j y ≥ ] c a m fl m h n t e ° v h c Z m \ a m W vt b m K . \ q ‰ m ≠ p I ƒ ° p a p º vk X y w t N c p w . C u k w K a t Ø m s S \ n X y k t ¥ m j w t \ S p w . t X S p ∂ E j n a m c m W vt b m K i m k { X w c m P t b m K a \ n t \ b p w _ p ≤ n t b b p w \ n b { ¥ n ° m ≥ h f ¿ Ø n s ° m ≠ p h ∂ v a \ p j y \ v\ ¬ I n b X v. k l m b n ° p ∂ X p t ] m s e l X t b m K t Z l Ø n s ‚ b p w t b m K s ° m c p \ o ≠ X X z i m k v{ X a p ≠ v. H c p z m k Ø n s ‚ b p w \ n b { ¥ W Ø n \ vk l m b a m I p ∂ p . B t c m K y a p ≈ a \ p w t Z l h p w D ≠ m h m \ m W vt b m K i i c o c Ø n s ‚ B t c m K y w h f s c { ] [ m \ a m W vI m c W w . A ` y k n ° p ∂ X v. P o h m fl m h n s \ ] c a m fl m h n t \ m S v C X p ≠ m b m s e a \ n \ p w _ p ≤ n ° p w F f p ∏ a m b n e b n ∏ n ° p I F ∂ X m W vt b m K i m k v{ X Ø n s ‚ D t ± i w . D ] t b m K n ° m ≥ ] ‰ p ≈ q . ] S m R vP e n a p \ nI p s d P o h m fl m h vF ∂ v] d ™ m ¬ H c p P o h n b p s S B fl m h v l X t b m K s b ∏ ‰ n F g p X n b n ´ p ≠ v. l X t b m K ° vF ´ v B W v. ] c a m fl m h vF ∂ p ] d ™ m ¬ H ∂ n e p w w K ß f p ≠ v. l X t b m K b p s S { ] [ m \ ` m K ß f m W v H X p ß m Ø A ¥ a n √ m Ø B fl m h m W v. t b m K i m k v{ X w A t b m K m k \ ß f p w { ] m W m b m a h p w . { ] m W m b m a h p w D ] t b m K n ® n ´ m W vC u k w K a w I n ´ p I . l n µ p a X t b m K m k \ h p w ] c n i o e n ® m ¬ B t c m K y ] q ¿ Æ a m b { K Ÿ ß f n ¬ , I q S p X ¬ ` K h X vK o X b n ¬ t b m K s b ∏ ‰ n i c o c h p w k a N n Ø X b p w t \ S m w . H c p e £ y Ø n ¬ { ] X n ] m Z n ° p ∂ p ≠ v. { i ≤ n ® vI r X y a m b C S t h f b n ¬ i z k n ° p I ∂ X m W v{ ] m W m b m a w . B t c m K y h p w Z o ¿ L m b p p w i c o c h p w a \ p w _ p ≤ n b p w B W vC u { ] ] © Ø n s eF a \ n s ‚ b p w i c o c Ø n s ‚ b p w k ¥ p e n X m h ÿ b p w D ] I c W ß ƒ . C h b n e q s S Z n h y s s N X \ y w \ S m \ m W v t b m K m k \ ß ƒ . t b m K m k \ w ] X n h m b n { ] h l n ° p t º m ƒ N n ¥ b p w A \ p ` h ß f p w h n I m c ß f p w t A ` y k n ® m ¬ G I m { K X b p w k a X p e X b p w D ≠ m I p ∂ p . A Y h m B fl m h vP o h n t b s a b vh g ° h p w t \ S m ≥ I g n b p w . t b m K m k \ w { ] t b m K n ° p t º m ƒ A h ° vP o h ≥ h c p w . i c o c h p w c o c Ø n s e H m t c m \ m U n b p w t ] i n b p w { K Ÿ n b p w a \ p w _ p ≤ n b p w { I t a W \ i n ° p w . ] t £ i t Ø P n ∏ n ° p ∂ p . F ¨ ] Ø n \ m e ve £ w Z n h y s s N X \ y Ø n \ v\ m i a n √ . A X vF √ m A W p I f n e p w D t b m K m k \ a p d I ƒ D ≠ v. C X vF ¨ ] Ø n \ m s e Æ w \ n d ™ n c n ° p ∂ p . D Ø a a m b X m W v. I q S m s X a p ∏ Ø n c s ≠ Æ Ø n \ v I q S p X ¬ D ] t b m K w D ≠ m I p ∂ p . c m P t b m K b p w ⁄ m \ t b m K b p w I ¿ Ω t b m K b p w ` ‡ n t b m K b p w B W vt b m K i m k v{ X Ø n s ‚ \ m e v h n ` m K ß ƒ . C h h y X y k vX a m b h g n I f √ , a d n ® v [ y m \ w A Y h m X ] v l X t b m K b p s S A w K a m W v. ] c k v] c w t ] m j n ∏ n ® va \ p j y s \ ] q ¿ Æ X b n t e ° v X ] vs N ø m ≥ c ≠ vI m c W ß ƒ D ≠ v. H ∂ vC X v \ b n ° p ∂ a m ¿ § ß f m W v. A h n Z y a m ‰ m \ p w a \ n ¬ \ n ∂ vh n j a ß f p w ] c n { ` a ß f p w t ] S n I f p w A h s \ Ø s ∂ a \ n e m ° m \ p w B W v⁄ m \ t b m K B { K l ß f p w a m ‰ n s h ® va \ vk a m [ m \ n ∏ n ° p ∂ p . s N ø p ∂ X v. A l w ` m h w I f b m \ p w a \ n s \ c ≠ m a X vC X v] q ¿ Æ a m b t _ m [ m h ÿ b n t e ° v i p ≤ a m ° m \ p w C u i z c t \ b p w a \ p j y t \ b p w X ] k z n s b s I m ≠ p t ] m I p ∂ p . t k h n ° m ≥ B W vI ¿ Ω t b m K b p s S K p W ß ƒ . k m X z n I h n N m c ß ƒ h f ¿ Ø n s ° m ≠ p h c m \ p w t b m K b p s S K p W ß ƒ ] m › m X y ¿ C u i z c t \ m S vA S p ° m \ p w B W v` ‡ n t b m K b p s S a \ n e m ° n b n c n ° p ∂ p . ` m c X o b c m b \ Ω f p w ^ e ß ƒ . a \ n s \ D d ∏ m ° m \ p w _ p ≤ n i ‡ n I q ´ m \ p w t b m K m k \ \ n X y P o h n X Ø n s ‚ ` m K a m ° n A X n s ‚ B W vc m P t b m K b p s S D t ± i ß ƒ . C u \ m e v` m K ß ƒK p W ^ e ß ƒ A \ p ` h n t ° ≠ X m W v.

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KARNA The Legendary Hero Sreehari Girishkumar

India or Bharat, the cradle of spirituality and principles is popularly known as ‘Arsha Bharat’. The word ‘Arsha Bharat’ means a country sanctified and hallowed by invaluable contributions of great Rishis and philosophers like Veda Vyasa, Adi Shankaracharya, Shri Ramakrishna Paramhamsa and Vivekananda Swami and has a hoary Guru-shishya parampara. Though the classic Mahabharatha is dotted with history, martyrdom and sacrifice of many heroes, the character Karna makes an indelible impression in the minds of many a reader. He was a legend in itself, an embodiment of magnanimity, generosity, loyalty, valor, courage, truthfulness and selfsacrifice. These virtues alone were loved by his friends and recognized by the celestials. Anticipating an impending fierce battle between Karna and Arjuna, Lord Krishna describes Karna as Arjuna’s equal or perhaps his ‘superior’! According to Him, Karna was equal to the impetuosity of the wind and in wrath. He resembled the Destroyer Himself. He went to the extent of remarking that no one, not even the Gods would be able to vanquish and slay him. Actually Karna was a forsaken child of the unwed Kunti of Hastinapur. In her eagerness to test the efficacy of Sage Durvasa’s boon about getting a child by divine invocation, the virgin Kunti managed to get the child Karna from Surya Bhagawan (solar deity). Scared of the social stigma behind this unusual birth, Kunti placed the baby in a basket and set him afloat on a river. It was Athiratha, the charioteer of King Dhritarashtra who took him and brought him up as his own son. He was named as Radheya or Vasusena. Though born as the son of Surya (solar diety), he was proud of his surrogate parents, Athiratha and Radha. Only just before the war started, Lord Krishna Himself when he donned the robes of a peace broker to avoid war, revealed his lineage. Despite this lineage, his upbringing as a charioteer’s son nourished bitterness within himself about his so-called low birth status (SuthaPutra).

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Realizing the wonderful potential of Karna who could match or better Arjuna in archery, he was made King of Anga Desam by Duryodhana. This was a great gesture on part of him because those days that was reserved only for a Kshathriyaa ,satisfying Karna’s burning desire of equaling Pandavas in excellence, position and title. When Karna asked what he wanted in return, Duryodhana wanted selfless friendship. This made him dedicate his life to Duryodhana and acted as his shield and sword. Although in the inner depths of his mind he knew that most of the actions of Duryodhana were Adharmic, his nature of extreme generosity and loyalty made him turn blind against these Adharmic actions and in some ways he goaded Duryodhana to do more so against Pandavas. That is why even after Lord Krishna coaxed him with the rosy promise of Kingship of Indraprastha, he refused it and remained with Kauravas. More importantly, he remained a very loyal and trustworthy friend of Duryodhana. This was one of the sublime traits of his character and showed that he was a man without avarice and a man of word. The most heart rending episode in Mahabharatha is perhap’s Kunti’s encounter with Karna. After her futile effort to bring back Karna to Pandava’s side, Karna requests his mother to keep his identity a secret. He vowed to his mother at the end of the battle she would have 5 sons and won’t use his celestial weapons Nagastra and Rudrastra twice on Arjuna. Here he did not disappoint Kunti too much and in fact contributed to his own death. What a gesture by a forsaken son to a mother! As described above, generosity was the most remarkable quality of Karna. When Indra, King of Devas and father of Arjuna approached Karna in the guise of a Brahmin with intention of grabbing Karna’s Kavach (armor) and Kundalams (ear rings), he readily gifted to the brahmin ignoring the warnings of Surya. He did so because he never used to send anyone from his door step empty handed. In fact, Indra remarked that no ordinary mortal could have done this magnanimous act and asked Karna for a boon. He asked for Shakti most feared weapon of Indra which can destroy any one. Indra gave that under the condition that he can use that only once and thereafter it will return back to Indra. Devas were in awe after witnessing this unpredecented gesture. In fact just before his ‘Swarga-arohanam’ he exercised this virtue of generosity. Karna also had his own flaws and weaknesses. As Parshurama only taught to Brahmins, Karna appeared before him as a Brahmin concealing the real fact .Of course, Parasurama’s own Shishya, Dronacharya refused to teach him. Lying to Sage

Parsurama earned wrath of Him and cursed him that he would forget all the knowledge required to wield the divine weapon Brahmaastra , at the moment of his greatest need. Parshurama gave his Bharagavastra and his bow on his imploring to take back his curse which he did not accede to. One can argue that his obsession to excel and destroy Pandavas drove him to lie to the Guru of Gurus, Sage Parasurama. It is a fact that at a ‘swayamvara’, in spite of showing more dexterity in archery than Arjuna, Draupadi refused to marry him because he was a Sutha-Putra and insulted him by calling out aloud. It can be argued that social set up dictated that King Dhrupad’s daughter cannot marry a SuthaPutra, whether insulting him before an august assembly was the right thing is debatable. This only made him more resentful and vengeful to the point that during the game of dice, he goaded and joined hands with Kauravas in disrobing Draupadi and called her an unchaste woman. He was blinded by undue resentment towards Pandavas and committed many Adharmic acts like siding with Duryodhana’s plan to kill Pandavas by setting fire to a wax palace. And well he could have prevented war because Duryodhana trusted him most. He did not do that because he valued his word to Duryodhana more than following Dharma. Also during the battle he cut Abhimanyu’s bow from behind when latter was battling famed warriors like Dronacharya, Karna, Kripa violating the principle of one-to-one combat (Dwandhayudha) paving the way for Dushasana’s son to kill him. Karna acted against all the rules of warfare in doing that to take revenge against Arjuna who had killed each of his son’s in a Dwandha-yudha. He never left an opportunity to pain Arjuna with whom he had great resentment. Also his acceptance of King Shalya to be his charioteer upon Duryodhana’s insistence went against accepted norms of warfare during those times, only to counter Arjuna having Lord Krishna as his charioteer. He was also cursed by a Brahmin for killing his cow while practicing his skills with bow and arrows. The Brahmin cursed him that he would become helpless in the same way the innocent cow had become, by his chariot wheels getting stuck in the ground .The curses he incurred and siding with Adharmic ways proved to be costly for him. During the seventeenth day of Mahabharatha battle, true to his word to Kunti he spared other Pandavas during the earlier days of war even after defeating them. He shot the Nagastra (the one Indrajith had used against Lord Rama in Ramayana) in an attempt to kill Arjuna. But Krishna saves him by pressing the chariot to sink

by a finger length deep which resulted in Arjuna losing his crown. Karna Parva in Mahabharatha details his mental agonies the day before final battle with Arjuna and a dream in which Sage Parasurama appears and says that for the sake of upholding Dharma he must die. The seventeenth day of battle was watched in awe by Devas for the sheer display of strength and skill of these greatest of warriors. He broke Arjuna’s bow several times, but divine intervention of Lord Krishna saved him many times. After some time, due to curse of Brahmin, Karna’s chariot got stuck in the mud. Shalya who was the charioteer did not come to his help due to a promise extracted by Yudhisthara that he would demoralize Karna .Shalya was in fact tricked by Duryodhana to side with him. Karna requested Arjuna to stop fighting invoking the accepted norms of warfare. To this, Lord Krishna reminded Karna that he too had forgot the etiquettes while battling Abhimanyuu. He also reminded Karna of insult he had heaped on Draupadi and his siding with Adharmic forces. He asked Arjuna to discharge arrows at Karna, but true to his valor, Karna managed to invoke Rudraastra and injure Arjuna . Lord Krishna came to Arjuna’s rescue. Karna tried to invoke Brahmastra but he forgot the mantra to invoke due to Sage Parashurama’s curse. By the time Arjuna got up, Karna was still trying to pull out his chariot from mud. On Lord Krishna’s insistence, Arjuna used Anjalika weapon to kill Karna .On his death bed, Lord Krishna appears as a Brahmin and asks for Karna's punya or merit and once Karna gifted his life's Punya to him, and rewarded Karna with Vishwaroopa darshanam and he attained Moksha and attained a godly status. Life of Karna epitomises many qualities like magnanimity, generosity, loyalty, valor, courage, truthfulness and self-sacrifice. But at the same time, his over indebtedness to Duryodhana made him turn blind against Adharma. Injustice meted out to him since childhood caused a burning rage within him against Pandavas which made him unable to distinguish between Dharma and Adharma. Arjuna submitted himself to Lord Krishna by way of heeding to his divine thoughts through ‘Geethopadesam'. He had His grace throughout the war and also flag hoisted on the chariot had Lord Hanuman as the mascot. How else one can explain that Shakthi weapon which Karna had only one chance to use, he had to use against Ghatolkacha who was brought to battle field on Lord Krishna’s advice ? Present rulers and political leadership should take note from this that just by having virtuous qualities is not enough, the will to fight against Adharmic tendencies in society is the prime need of the hour.

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The Mark of a

Great Man This story begins with the arrival of a package at our doorstep or to be, more accurate, a notification that a parcel was waiting to be picked up at the local post office. I scratched my head and wondered about the contents. I was absolutely positive that inspite of my long hours of online foraying, I had not anytime in the recent past pressed the ‘buy’ button. I kept wondering who had taken the time to mail me a package, that too one which required a signature for delivery! Surely the contents inside must be important. Too bad it was too late to pick it up from the post office. With my curiosity aroused, I peeled off the notification from our front door and decided to check online to see if it would shed some light on the origins of the package. Truly enough,I soon discovered that the package was from India. Probably from one of our parents, I thought and dismissed it without any further thought. Hubby dear promised to pick it up from the post office the next morning and that was that! The next morning, I got an excited call from hubby dear, announcing that the package was from the Rastrapati Bhavan. Yeah right! A package from the venerated address, mailed to our simple and humble abode and that too without any fanfare. It sounded too farfetched to be true and I was sure someone was trying to pull a fast one on me. Seeing that I could not be convinced otherwise, he finally texted me the picture of the cover page of ‘Wings Of Fire’, the very same ‘Wings of Fire’ that was penned down by the great, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, with a personal message and an autograph. I was speechless and awestruck at the same time. A miracle had happened somewhere. It is true I had once, years ago made a fun request through a friend. Never in a million years did I think it would ever be fullfilled.

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Dear Keralites in Washingdon, I am very happy to know that Malayalees in Washington are busy preparing for the very important day of Onam. I noticed that Onam is an exciting festival for Keralites whereever they live. The great motto of Onam is to bind various communities together in celebration of succesful forming operations. Let the festivities bring happiness to everyone leoding to the beauty of life in every heart. My best wishes for the people from Kerala and for the Kerala Association of Greater Washington (KAGW) on this occsion. Regards

(APJ Abdul Kalam)

The story behind the package began about two years ago. I got a request from my sister to help her write a speech for a friend whose family owned a school and Dr. Abdul Kalam was paying them a visit. As the friend was busy, she needed help with a welcome speech and a vote of thanks. So we got working on it and came up with the speeches as requested. When we mailed her the final product, we jokingly told her that as payment we needed autographed copies of ‘Wings of Fire’ from Dr. Abdul Kalam. A couple of years passed by and sometime in our conversation, the book came up again and we mercilessly pulled her leg and said we were still waiting for our packages and thought nothing about it until the package actually arrived at our doorstep. As it happened, this friend’s husband was in contact with the late President and he mentioned this request to him and lo and behold, he actually took our names and addre-sses and mailed a personalized autographed copy to us, much to our delight and shock. In our daily lives, we are often inspired by true leaders like Dr. Kalam, but it is not every day that the life of an ordinary citizen intersects with that of such an illustrious individual; but for this one very brief moment it did for me. This one very brief moment drove home the age old idiom that a man distinguishes himself with his deeds and not just his words. This one simple act of kindness speaks volumes of the greatness of this man, his thoughfulness and humility. It is my own personal testament,adding to all the great things we hear about this noble person on media. It tells you why he was called the president of the masses, why people found him approachable and relatable. It is hard to describe Dr. Kalam in a few words and it is even harder to explain the pinnacle of growth he achieved in his lifetime. Some superlatives that are often used in association with him are renowned scientist, illustrious aeronautical engineer, wise statesman, people’s president, missile man of India, poignant writer, inspirational soul, able leader, true visionary and least but not last, exemplary human being. The story of his life is very compelling and inspirational. It is a story of humble beginnings, it is a story of hard work, focus and vision, it is a story about never forgetting your roots and it is a story of staying true to yourself, no matter where life takes you. From brilliant to humble he was the embodiment of everything a true leader should be. To really understand the heights he reached, we have to look at his life as a whole. He started his life in the small town of Rameswaram in a humble family. He thirst for knowledge and love for science

led him to study physics and later his love for flying led him to study aeronautical engineering. He rose through the ranks of the Defense Research and Development Organization and then the Indian Space Research Organization and went on to pioneer India’s space, missile and nuclear programs. He became the eleventh president of India. He was well known not only in India but throughout the world. His 79th birthday was recognized as World Student’s Day by the United Nations. For his enormous contributions to the society, country and mankind he was honored with the Bharat Ratna, the Padma Vibhushan, thePadmabhushan, the King Charles II Medal, the International von Kármán Wings Award, the Hoover Medal, to name just a few. Inspite of all his accolades, he was a deeply spiritual man who believed in living a just life. One of his goals in life was to inspire and motivate the youth in India, to think for themselves, to thirst for knowledge, to get excited about science and learning, and to lead India to progress. He even died doing what he loved best, educating people and inspiring them to aim high and dream big. His life is an example for all of us and also future generations. It teaches us to follow our passions and dreams and that there is no substitute to hard work. From the shores of a small town to the highest office in the country, the journey of his life makes an incredible story. The story becomes all the more powerful because of the kind of person he was, his approach towards life and how he treasured values to materialistic gains. He sums it up perfectly in his own modest words: “I will not be presumptuous enough to say that my life can be a model for anybody; but some poor child living in an obscure place in an underprivileged social setting may find a little solace in the way my destiny has been shaped.” More than destiny, it was the burning desire that he had, to focus his talents towards the betterment of his country and countrymen that sets him apart. His vision, innovations and contributions as a scientist and statesman, and his honesty and humility as a human being are his lasting legacies. Just as I’ve a story to tell today about his thoughtfulness and kindness, I’m sure there are many more such stories out there, that speaks to the legend that is this man. His legacy will live on in people’s minds through stories of his deeds, through milestones reached as a result of his innovations and through words from his pen. It will continue to inspire countless more generations. Such is the mark of a great man!

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‘We intend not to mourn for him, but celebrate

his life and legacy’ Reprint of the article from The India Abroad

Dr T V George

Dr T V George, eminent nuclear physicist and community activist, passes into the ages. Aziz Haniffa reports on the community’s loss.

Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He then worked there as an assistant professor in electrical engineering.

The Indian-American community in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area is mourning the passing of nuclear physicist Dr T V George, one of its most cerebral members and an icon in the Malayalee fraternity.

His PhD thesis gave the first complete experimental proof of the Rayleigh Scattering Theory, propounded nearly a century preceding his doctorate.

Dr George, a resident of North Potomac, Maryland, died May 10 after battling cancer for several years. He was 77. A native of Puthuppally, Kottayam, he graduated from St George’s English High School, Puthuppally, in 1952 and then attended Madras Christian College, with physics as his major and mathematics and chemistry as his minors, graduating with first class honors. Dr George came to the United States with a tuition-free scholarship and received his MS and PhD in electrical engineering at the University of

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Dr George then moved to Pittsburgh as a senior engineer at the Westinghouse Research Laboratory, where he was the first to measure the temperature of laser produced plasma by Thompson Scattering, which is now a standard technique used in inertial fusion research. His ultimate dream was always to work for the federal government in Washington, DC and he achieved this when he was employed by the Department of Energy as a nuclear physicist in the DOE’s Office of Fusion Energy. For 30 years until his retirement, as a DOE program manager, Dr George conducted oversight

of research to achieve controlled thermonuclear reactions and the technology of heating fusion plasmas, especially the development of megawatt gyrotrons in thesub-millimeter frequency range and transmission/ launching systems for electron cyclotron heating. While he had an intellectual interest in all things to do with physics and engineering, his family and friends said his expertise in plasma physics and nuclear fusion were his special loves, and his work in these areas was recognized with many national and international honors, Even as he battled cancer, and according to his family, up to the day of his death, he “continued to contribute to these bodies of knowledge.” They said “he believed in the value of multilateral exchanges of scientific information and dedicated much of his life to fostering such exchanges with many countries, including China, Japan, and Russia.” The community knew Dr George more for his presence in the Malayalee community in Washington, DC, as a founder of the Kerala Association of Washington, and a wellrespected member of the Mar Gregorios Orthodox Church. “He passed away peacefully, surrounded by family, early on Sunday morning,” his son Dr Sageev T George said. A viewing and funeral ceremony was scheduled for May 15 at 5 pm at the Saints Peter and Paul Antiochian Orthodox Christian Church on River Road, Potomac Maryland, after which there would be a private internment. In lieu of flowers, he requested that donations be made to the American Institute for Cancer Research. ‘TV’, as he was popularly known, is survived by his wife Achamma, and children Dr. Asha M George, Shobha S George and Sageev. One of his closest friends, Sunny Wycliffe, a stalwart of the Federation of Kerala Associations of North America, told India Abroad, “We intend not to mourn for him, but celebrate his life and legacy.” Wycliffe recalled how “it was TV who arranged for the first time, the then ambassador of India, the late K R Narayanan, to speak at the Department of Energy and inform and educate people about what India was all about at a time when very few people, even those in federal agencies, knew very little about India, and whatever little information they had was usually distorted, because these were the Cold War years.” “Thanks to TV, hundreds of people at the Department of Energy at the time got to know through Ambassador Narayanan, what a living,

breathing, democracy India was and what an emerging economic and global power it was going to be,” Wycliffe added. Another close friend, Dr Joy Cherian, told India Abroad, “T V George was a great supporter of the modern day Indian-American political movement, including the founding and developing the Indian American Forum for Political Education.” “He was a visionary leader of the Indian-American community,” Dr Cherian said. “In 1983, he appeared before the US Senate Immigration Subcommittee to argue for the necessity of preserving family reunification provisions of the immigration law.” “He was an inspiring community leader who guided me in my public service activities,” Dr Cherian added. “He had been heroically battling cancer for many years, but that never stopped him from contributing his expertise in nuclear physics to various organizations and students and also helping the community with his advice and counsel,” another longtime Washington, DC community activist Dr Sambhu N Banik said. “He was a brilliant nuclear scientist, highly articulate, always with a wonderful smile and such a humble disposition. A champion for any community activity,” Dr Banik recalled. “I met TV in 1976 at a Christmas program of the Kerala Association of Greater Washington and we’ve been inseparable friends ever since,” another close friend Robins Lazarus said. “Despite all his major achievements he was always loving and lovable,” Lazarus said. “He could always be found smiling, calm and collected in every situation, however stressful it was.” Dr Madhavan V Pillai, a physician and a close friend of Dr George, said,“Messages of condolence are streaming in not only from scientific fraternity in the US, but from Russia, China and Japan reinforcing the global image of this nuclear physicist of the US government. But that is only one among the many hats he wore. Whether it was elegantly leading the social and cultural organization of his homeland - the Kerala Association of Greater Washington as its president - entertaining the scores of guests from here and abroad with his hospitality and magnificent culinary skills, passion for manicuring his beautiful garden, adding extensions to his home as a handyman par excellence, or volunteering to fix automobiles with masterly precision, Dr George was a rare icon of versatility. But this worldrenowned nuclear physicist and fusion energy expert will be mostly remembered by his friends and relatives as an eternal optimist, and a fountain of ceaseless energy whose zeal for life and selfless service to those living around him were matchless.”

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The First Step To Solving India's Waste Issue "Challenging Our Mindset" Shaina Paulson

I first became aware of India’s massive sewage and waste problem two winters ago when I visited several cities in northern and southern India, including my family’s hometown of Kerala. During my travels I was surrounded by beautiful natural landscapes, remarkable historical monuments, and such a rich culture proudly exuded by the people of India. However, every city I traveled to, I saw trash being burned in the streets, dumped into waterways, or just completely neglected. Upon paying closer attention I noticed the damage to the trees in that beautiful landscape from ground-level ozone, the weathering of the limestone on those remarkable monuments from acid rain, and the faces of those proud people covered by saris or masks from smog. This exposure to such openly detrimental disposal practices sparked an influx of questions within me about the country’s sewage and waste infrastructure, its impacts on the environment, and its consequences for the public’s overall health

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and wellbeing. Shortly after my trip, in an attempt to uncover answers to my myriad of questions I began researching India’s waste and sanitation systems. Currently, in India there is no official system for the widespread collection of recyclables or the sanitary collection, transportation and disposal of waste. In 2000, India had finally outlined a solid waste policy requiring all cities to devise comprehensive waste-management programs that included recycling, composting, and the household collection of segregated waste. However, this policy was never implemented. For years cities have struggled to find a way to responsibly manage and reduce the country’s exponentially increasing amount of trash. However, factors such as rapid population growth, a lack of public awareness, disorganization of city governments, and limited funding for waste management programs are all perpetuating

garbage disposal and sanitation to be tremendous problems in India. India is currently producing as much as 27 million tons more waste per year than the United States, due the country’s ever-increasing population. Although on average the U.S. generates 4.43 pounds of waste per person per day while India only generates about 1.8 pounds, the dramatic difference in population levels between the U.S. (316 million) and India (1.25 billion) only amplifies the waste problem. A report by the non-government organization, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), released a survey based on the wastewater profiles of 71 cities in India in 2012. The CSE report shows that 70-80 percent of India’s wastewater is discharged directly and indirectly into its own rivers and lakes. A more frightening statistic is that less than 30 percent of India’s officially recorded sewage is actually treated in proper wastewater treatment facilities. Meaning that tremendous amounts harmful chemicals, metals, hormones, and toxins are constantly being discharged into the ecosystem. At this rate, the country’s lack of a comprehensive waste management infrastructure will only continue to cause irreversible damage to the environment, as well as serious health implications for its citizens. This will only be true if the people of India let it be. Until something is done, improvements are made, and the people of India fully believe change is possible, the country’s health and environment will continue to be degraded. A collective effort on all fronts from the government, industries, and citizens is needed in order to truly elicit major change. As I researched this topic further I was flooded with an assortment of facts and statistics. However, I was still lacking the emotional aspect of the issue, the overall perspective of Indians who grew up in those cities. I then began to interview first-generation immigrants who now live in the U.S. but were born and raised in India, to better understand the mentality of India’s people. One thing I frequently encountered during inquiry of a local perspective was the people of India’s collective mental block. When I asked why there is no federal trash collection system, or why residents of each city have not continued to push for the implementation of standardized trash pick-ups, I always received the same response “It’s just not going to happen. We can’t really make a difference and change it.” To that response I would like to share one of my favorite passages by Loren Eiseley that immediately came to my mind during these interviews. The story goes as so:

“Once upon a time, there was a wise man who used to go to the ocean to do his writing. He had a habit of walking on the beach before he began his work. One day, as he was walking along the shore, he looked down the beach and saw a human figure moving like a dancer. He smiled to himself at the thought of someone who would dance to the day, and so, he walked faster to catch up. As he got closer, he noticed that the figure was that of a young man, and that what he was doing was not dancing at all. The young man was reaching down to the shore, picking up small objects, and throwing them into the ocean. He came closer still and called out ‘Good morning! May I ask what it is that you are doing?’ The young man paused, looked up, and replied ‘Throwing starfish into the ocean.’ ‘I must ask, then, why are you throwing starfish into the ocean?’ asked the somewhat startled wise man. To this, the young man replied, ‘The sun is up and the tide is going out. If I don't throw them in, they'll die.’ Upon hearing this, the wise man commented, ‘But, young man, do you not realize that there are miles and miles of beach and there are starfish all along every mile? You can't possibly make a difference!’ At this, the young man bent down, picked up yet another starfish, and threw it into the ocean. As it met the water, he said, ‘It made a difference for that one.’” Many Indian residents have simply accepted things the way they are for their entire life, and the idea of grassroots change seems almost impossible. Or they have tried to spark change and develop local waste management programs, to only have been discouraged by the obstacles they faced by the government and deemed success for the cause unrealistic. However, India is the second most populous country on the planet. It only takes the voices of a few for people to listen. Admittedly change is not easy, but it is not impossible either. Efforts that feel as insignificant as chipping away at a mountain of ice turn out to be the most crucial ones that cause the avalanche. With the necessary steps taken by the local and federal governments, corporations, and the people of India, the country will find it easier to continue taking steps toward a cleaner and safer environment. With incremental progress and a shift in the perspective of impossibility, it is hopeful that India will begin to take as much pride in its environment as it does in its people.

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PILGRIMAGE TRIP TO

HIMALAYAS My Experiences and Memories of the Journey

Dhanalekshmy Menon

Our journey commenced from Washington on the 12th of September 2014 and reached Delhi in the wee hours of 14th September. The group consisted of 85 members from different parts of USA. We all stayed at the Golden Palms Hotel in Delhi. After quick refreshment we went for sightseeing in Delhi. We visited Parliament House, India Gate and the Secretariat (North Block and South Block). In the evening, Swami UditChaitanya guided us to Akshardham. This is Swami Narayana temple founded by Shastriji Maharaj in the year 2005 and implies the virtues of Vedas, Upanishad, Bhakti, Purity and Peace. The construction of this temple is unique, built exclusively with pink and white marble. The temple has remarkable and beautiful carvings of Swami Narayana. Swami Narayana, a child Yogi, born in 1781, is believed to be the reincarnation of Mahavishnu. We also had the opportunity to watch the movie of Nilkand (later known as Swami Narayana} in the IMAX theatre. We had a beautiful experience on a boat ride inside the temple that enabled us to see discoveries and inventions by our great Rishis and scientists. We

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saw Thakshasila, the world's first University, the Hindu Vedic Culture, Upanishads, Vedanta, model Gurukuls where our children were taught by Rishis, the oldest Vedic village life, Yanjasala, Bharatanatyam and other Indian art forms, the ruling era of the Rajput Emperors all these beautifully carved on sculptures. The craftsmanship of elephant carvings outside the temple is just incredible. There is a beautiful garden and fountain outside the temple. Videos and cameras are totally prohibited inside the temple. This temple proudly depicts India's ancient Architecture and Heritage. On the 15th we proceeded to Haridwar from Delhi. The distance is approximately 210 kilometers by road. It took nearly 8 hours to reach Haridwar. In the evening, all of us went to Haridwar Temple, accompanied by Swamiji, chanting Bhajans. Fortunately it was Janmashtami and we took bath in the Holy River Ganga. We then witnessed Mother Ganga's Aarathi. Several priests perform this Aarathi by chanting slogans and holding â&#x20AC;&#x153;Diya'sâ&#x20AC;?. Many devotees gathered on the other side of the holy Ganga to see

Himalayas and is also one of the most important temples of Goddess Ganga. The temple opens in May and will be closed in November due to heavy snowfalls. In spite of River Ganga being very icy, we took bath in the Ganges and collect the holy water in bottles.

the Aarathi. We also floated flowers in the Holy River. This was indeed a wonderful experience. On the 16th we took a bus to Janakichetti. The roads were very narrow, bumpy, steep and dangerous, hence it was a slow drive. We reached Janakichetti late in the evening and stayed there overnight. On 17th, we went to Yamunotri. Yamunotri is situated at an altitude of 10,000 feet in the Himalayas. Since walking distance is 5 miles to Yamunotri, we took the ride on a mule. It was indeed a memorable journey, riding on the back of the mule. At Yamunothri we saw the river Yamuna in all its purity flowing from Mount Himalaya. The origin of Yamuna River is approximately 20 to 40 miles away on the top of Himalaya. We took bath in the hot spring water and worshipped Suryakund. As per the Hindu mythology, Yamuna is the daughter of Surya Bhaghavan.

On 20th we continued our journey to Badrinath via Srinagar. We stayed for a day at Srinagar and had Darsan in the Narasimha temple. Jagadguru Sankaracharya established this temple. He had undertaken great â&#x20AC;&#x153;Thapasyaâ&#x20AC;? in this temple. When Badarinath temple remains closed during winter, one deified Idol of Lord BadariNarayanais brought to Narasimha temple and worshipped here for six months. After completing our visit to Narasimha temple, on 21st, we continued our journey to Badarinath, which was our final destination. We arrived there in the evening. Badari Narayan is the swamyambhoo Idol of Lord Vishnu and this holy place is called DevBhoomi. Badarinath temple is located between two mountain ranges Nar and Narayanan with Neelkanth Peak in the background. We were fortunate enough to take bath in TaptKund where the hot water flows from below the abode of Lord Badari Narayanan. This is a prominent wonder of this DevBhoomi. On the same day evening, we had Darsan in the Badarinath temple. The temple is situated on the banks of river Alakananda, at an altitude of more than 10400 feet.

On the 19th we visited Gangothri, where Ganga begins her journey from the Himalayas. This place is very important. It is from here thatBhageeratha brought Ganga Devi to earth through his tremendous Thapasya. Bagheeratha wanted his grandfather to get rid of all sins after taking bath in river Ganga. Earth was unable to bear the strong flow of the Ganges, so Lord Shiva received Ganga in his matted locks. Thus Bhageeratha brought the Holy River to earth. Gangothri is situated at an altitude of 10,000 feet above the sea level. Gangothri resembles a cow's mouth and is also called Gomukh.

AdiSankaracharya established this temple in the 8th century. The priest in the temple is a Namboodiri from Kerala. The reason could be due to the fact thatAdiShankaracharya was from Kerala and this temple was initially set up with priests who belonged to his ancestral family.Badarinath Temple will close in November and after six months when it reopens in April the flame that was lit inside will continue to light. On the 22nd early morning we did pithrubali (puja for the family members who passed away) on the bank of Alakananda River under the supervision of Swami Udit Chaitanyaji. It is said that the benefits of this karma may last for many generations. In the evening we chanted Vishnu Sahashra Naamam along with the main priest in the temple. We also saw the devotional Aarathi. After that Swamiji made arrangements for us to meet the main priest and get his blessings. On 23rd morning at 5am we were fortunate to see the sunrise and golden color of Neelkanth peak between the two mountains. It is said that this may be the real abode of Lord Shiva. We watched with eyes wide open as clouds gradually covered the peak. It was an incredibly beautiful sight and I can hardly find words to describe its beauty.

Gangothri is one of the largest glacier in the

We stayed at Badarinath for two days and had

On the 18th, we started our journey to Uttarakasi. In Uttarakasi we had Darsan of KasiViswanathan, believed to be the Real Swayamboo of Lord Shiva. It is also believed that the Thrisul in front of Lord Shiva temple used by Devi during the Devasura war and is so powerful that it will never move even during an earthquake. Uttarakasi Darsan is very important because the Ganges flows with all its purity from Himalaya behind this temple. It is said that if we have a Darsan of Lord Shiva in Uttarakasi , there is no need of going to worship Dhakshinakasi.

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We went through the Pandavas'Swargarohan place. Here we saw BhimaShila, a huge single piece of rock placed as a bridge across the flowing river Sarasvatito helpPanchali cross Sarasvaticomfortably. This is also considered an important and historic place to visit. We also visited the cave of sage Vasishta, located near River Ganga. Sage Vasishta meditated here for years. This is a renowned place for meditation with immense positive energy vibrating through the cave. Swami PurushothamanandaTapovanam's was another ashram that we visited. Here Swami Chinmayananda became the disciple of Tapovana Swami. Swami Chinmayanda underwent intensive study of Vedanta and did meditation, facing the holy Ganges for many years.

Darshan of Lord Badari Narayan. On 24th, we started our return journey via Joshimath to Rishikesh. Joshimath is one of the four Madoms established by Jagadguru Adi Sankara. He established Joshimath {north} Sringeri {south} Puri {east} and Dwaraka {west} for learning Vedas and KanchiKamakodiPeedam in Tamil Nadu for learning Philosophy. We saw the Kalpaka tree at Joshimath, which has been there from the time of Adi Sankara. Adi Sankaracharya was born in Kalady in Kerala, South India. Sankara-charya is considered to be the re-incar-nation of Lord Shiva. At Kedarnath he attained Mahasamadhi at the age of 32. On the way, we saw many important places of Puranic interest. One of them was VyasaGufa. This is the place where Veda Vyasa dictated Mahabharata to Lord Ganapati and he wrote the EpicMahabharata. It is believed that despite his many creations Vyasa was not satisfied until he wrote SrimadBhagavatham. The Gufa is dark inside but we could see an idol of Veda Vyasa. There is a priest sitting in the Gufa .We offered prayers and came out. Legend has it that as Vyasa was reciting the verses, Lord Ganesha was writing it down; River Sarasvati was flowing nearby with roaring noise. Vyasa found this very disturbing and realizing this the RiverSarasvati started flowing unseen underground and is visible only at Thriveni in Allahabad.

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Finally we reached Rishikesh. LaxmanJula is one of the main attractions in Rishikesh. According to Hindu mythology Lord Rama and Laxmancrossed Ganges on a jute rope after the Lanka war to take bath in the holy river, Ganga. This way they wanted to get rid of all the sins of killing the demons of Lanka. The old jute bridge was washed away by flood and the present hanging bridge was constructed strongly by iron and steel. There is a very big temple located near LaxmanJula, with many symbols of God and Goddess kept. We spent the night of the 24th at Rishikesh. On 25th we went to Haridwar again and stayed there for two days (25th& 26th). In the morning we went to worship some famous temples. There are many temples and Ashrams in Haridwar, including the famous temples like Chandi Devi, Manasa Devi and Anjana Devi. Chandi Devi and Manasa Devi temples are situated on the top of high hill. Both are religious and sacred. It is said that Goddess Chandi Devi and Manasa Devi are two forms of Goddess Parvathi and always reside close to each other. We enjoyed the scenic beauty of nature during our ride on the rope way. We were also fortunate to visit Matha Anandamayi Ashram in Haridwar. This is a very beautiful shrine built of white marble. From Haridwar, we went back to Delhi. We continued the next segment of our journey to Mathura. We reached Mathura late evening. It took nearly 4 hours to reach Mathura from Delhi. We stayed at the Shri Krishna Pravah Ashram from 27th to 29th of September. On 27th night in the Ashram, there was a beautiful Rasaleela play arranged by Swamiji and performed by the local artists of Vrindavan area. We literally experienced the presence of Radha and Krishna before our eyes. Mathura is the land where Lord Krishna was born, situated on the banks of River Yamuna. Sri

Krishna Janmabhoomi temple is in Mathura. We all went and worshipped at the temple. The original temple was destroyed by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and replaced by a Mosque. It was a prison cell of Kamsa, where he held and kept Lord Krishna's parents. Gradually the prison cell was converted into the present day beautiful temple. The mosque is also present beside the temple. We could see armed guards standing beside the temple and mosque. We had to keep our belongings in the cloakroom and pass through a metal detector. We visited Gokulam, where Lord Krishna spent his childhood and performed his miracles. Gokulam is across river Yamuna, a few kilometers from Mathura. This is the place where Krishna grew up in the presence of his Foster mother Yashoda and Foster Father Nandagopa. We also visited the place where Lord Krishna ate sand. When Yashoda Mai started scolding Krishna for eating sand. Lord Krishna denied and Yashoda Mai asked him to open his mouth to confirm it; she was shocked to see the whole Universe in Kannan's mouth. Vrindavan is full of temples devoted to divine love of Radha and Krishna. Vrindhavan is considered to be one of the most Holy places of Hinduism. We managed to worship at some of the temples within the short period. We then went to the real Vrindhavan garden of Lord Krishna, where Krishna, Radha and Gopikas did Srikrishna-leela. This is a beautiful garden and very well maintained. On 28th we went to some important temples in Mathura, near river Yamuna. Unfortunately, these days when river Yamuna reaches Mathura it is very dry, narrow and polluted. We saw the place where Krishna did KaliaMardana and conquered the serpent Kalia.

lord Krishna holding Govardhan Mountain on his little finger and also the cowherd boys holding sticks under the mountain to help Krishna. The second one is Lord Krishna dancing on Snake Kalia. The third one is Lord Krishna and Radha swinging under the Kadamba tree, with the Gopikas are performing Krishnaleela. The whole temple is awesome with lights changing colors which makes it more beautiful in the night. Inside the temple the first floor has beautiful deities of Ram and Sita and ground floor has the beautiful deities of Radha and Krishna. On the same floor there is a beautiful statue of Jagadguru Kripalu Maharaj. All the doors and windows are exquisitely engraved. The entire temple is brightly lit with attractive Chandeliers. There are so many Radha Krishna leelas carved on the outer walls and beautiful statues carved on the marble pillars. The Temple looks like one of the wonders of the world and stands tall and perfect as a symbol of Divine Love. On 30th morning, the concluding day of our trip, Swamiji took leave of all of us and we came back to our Delhi Hotel. That night most of us returned to our own places. We all are extremely grateful to Swami Udit Chaitanya for his great vision, Dr.Nisha Pillai for her outstanding leadership and Mr. Gopi Pillai for helping with the planning to make this pilgrimage a great success. We are also thankful for the efforts of all those who came from India by rendering dedicated services and providing timely and tasty food. This was indeed an unforgettable pilgrimage trip, the memories of which will last forever in each and every one of us.

BankeBihari Temple: This is one of the most famous temples dedicated to Lord Krishna. The specialty of this temple is that the priests do not use loud bells to do Aarathi. It is considered that loud bells will wake up Lord Krishna or disturb him in his sleep. One interesting behavior that we noticed in Vrindhavan is that all people use a local name â&#x20AC;&#x153;RadheRadheâ&#x20AC;? to call one another. This denotes the importance of Radha in Vrindhavan. On the 29th there was a beautiful display of Rasaleela by the locals near the Ashram. We distributed food (Annadhan) and sarees (Vasthradhan) to widows and destitute women in and around the Ashram. PremMandir: The Temple of Divine Love. This temple was established by Shri KripaluMaharaj and inaugurated in the year 2012. This is made of Pure Marble and dedicated to Radha and Krishna. At the entrance of the temple we could see three amazing displays of Lord Krishna. One of them is

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

Mita Chakraborty

India has always been a mystery across many centuries. It has been birthplace of some prominent religions of the world and spiritual leaders, but at the same time has witnessed some of the most viperous crimes committed on mankind. It was on the forefront of science and arithmetic centuries ago but now suffers the ignominy of having today the most illiterate population in the world. It is the world’s largest and vibrant democracy but corruption is deeprooted in the Indian society at the same time. What makes India so full of contradictions yet so fascinating? It can be said that India is at crossroads today and there is still an opportunity to turn things around. India currently enjoys one of the most thriving economies in the world. At an average of 7 percent growth rate over the last decade it has been an unparalleled success in the world economy except for China. But unlike China, India’s progress has been achieved under a thriving democracy and unfettered entrepreneurial spirit. This is just the beginning. India has huge potential with the largest pool of young and educated population ready to deliver huge demographic dividends. The current Indian Government is taking steps to further unshackle the economy which will boost investments and economic prosperity in the long run. India’s democracy is envy of the world and it remains an oasis of peace in what is becoming an increasingly troubled region. Indian economy is often compared to an elephant -slow and steady in motion--but looks like it will very soon be a galloping elephant. India is home of the some of the most breath taking landscapes in the world. The economic prosperity of the last decade has delivered promising benefits in terms of generating

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

millions of new jobs as well as bringing millions of people below poverty. Yet there are still large sections of the population who subsist on less than $1.25 a day. About 400 million people still don’t have access to electricity and millions still suffer from lack of drinking water and sanitation facilities. India lags way behind educational and nutritional attainments even when compared to Bangladesh. The disease of corruption still permeates throughout the society and has been one of the biggest stumbling blocks to our development. Except for a few, the quality of politicians remains abysmally poor and less said the better about the general political discourse. One issue that does not get much attention where India ranks amongst the worst in the world is in quality of the environment. Pollution is becoming a major problem and India has the distinction of having 13 of the 20 most polluted cities in the world. It is having serious consequence on the health of the people. In addition to the air pollution in cities, our rivers are highly contaminated with toxics putting a majority of population consuming the water at high risk. Open defecation is a norm across the country and little is being done to deal with water scarcity in large parts of the country. India is also one of the hotspots for climate change in the future. Thus, India has huge economic potential but still a long ways for the economic prosperity to material lives of all of its citizens. At the same time, along with economic progress there has to be a huge mindset change to deal with corruption and environmental problems.

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Mohan Viswanathan

When our kids were young, eight and three to be exact, we moved from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada to Gaithersburg, MD. We were quite noticeable driving around the affluent town in our ancient Oldsmobile Cutlass. Once a driver rolled his window down, and asked with a frown and pointing to our Canadian license plate, “Where the hell is Manitoba?” We realized Canada was indeed a foreign country, when our daughter was asked to be taken to the county school board offices and undergo a test to find out her English comprehension, before enrolling her in school. When the lady who gave the test came back surprised and told my wife, “Smitha speaks very good English,” my wife deadpanned, “She had better …that’s all she knows.” We never found out whether the test was given because we had moved from Canada or because we looked Indian. Fairly soon, Smitha and her third grade Social Studies class was doing immigration, and had a trip planned to visit Ellis Island. In preparation for this trip, the kids had to answer questions about their heritage etc. For the question, “How did your forefathers come to this country?” our daughter’s answer was, “By car.” Much later, when Smitha became a teacher (and called Miss. V by her students) and started to

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

teach in an inner city Baltimore school, her old vice-principal came to her class once and wanted to introduce the kids to immigration. During her talk, the vice-principal pointed to Smitha and said, “I am so glad to see immigrants from India like Smitha going through hardships to finally become a teacher in America.” One of the kids in the back raised her hand and said, “But Miss. V was born in Canada!” I had an Argentine boss those days. Once during lunch, making small talk, he asked, “Do Indians think Marilyn Monroe is beautiful?” And one of my Dutch colleagues, from that time, remarked once, “You live in Gaithersburg, right? Boy, there are a lot of Indians there!” And I turned to him and said, “Actually it is full of Dutch people …it’s just that you can’t tell!” It’s easy to find fault with others for their prejudices. I still struggle with mine. Once I told a colleague of mine who was going to buy a used car from a Chinese person not to expect a good deal! And another time, I remarked that the ideal postdoctoral fellow in a US laboratory would be a Japanese female (meaning that she would be the most obedient, hardworking member of the lab). Let us all look beyond our appearance.

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Would be honored by your presence at the 26th Annual Fundraising Dinner Supporting disadvantaged women and children in India as US Saturday, October 17th, 2015 5:00 pm - 10:00 pm at the Potomac Community Center 11315 Falls Road Potomac, MD 20854 Phone: (301)-983-4471 Join us for a fun-filled evening featuring dance and musical entertainment performed by members our community and a delicious South Indian dinner provided by

Turmeric Restaurant, Vienna, VA.

Ticket Prices

$100

Family of 4

$30

Individual

Free

Children under 10

Contact anyone of the following members: Susheela Varma

President

410-480-2227

Rethi Menon

Secretary

732-422-0326

Pushpa Unnithan Achamma Chandrasekaran

240-315-6171 Treasurer

703-790-3306

How to be

successful

in your

professional and personal life? Ravi was the editor of KAGW 2007. He is a coinventor of patent pending technology “NextGen Knowledge Based Social Networking Platform”. Ravi is also author of the book “Oracle SOA BPEL Process Manager 11gR1”. Why are some people more successful than others in their professional and personal life? I am good friends with a CIO of a company that I worked with earlier. He once said the following: •

Your career is like rubber ball: if you drop it, it will bounce back.

•

Your health is like an iron ball: if you drop it, it won't bounce back.

•

Your family is like crystal ball: if you drop it, you can't join it.

I felt like he spoke from his experience. So prioritize your life!

house. Self-improvement is very important if you want to succeed in life. Follow your passion. We should never stop learning. Be extra ordinary in what you do. You will never grow as a person and in your career if you do not have the drive to improve yourself and reflect upon and learn from your past mistakes. Think about how much more maturity you have gained since you turned twenty! Think about how much more maturity you will gain by the time you are seventy. Maturity is an incredibly important process that you must undergo if you are to grow as a person. In fact, it is possible to measure your personal development by cataloguing how much maturity you have gained throughout your life. To become successful you should follow in the footsteps of successful people, and try to replicate their path to success in your own life. If they are

We all work for others. Every human being on this earth works serving others. Could you ever find one job that doesn’t serve others directly or indirectly? We live in a society that exists to serve others! In order to be successful in your professional life, technical skills are not very important. You must have good networking skills. In order to be successful in your married life, good looks are not important. You must be, in a way, a CEO of your

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

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known for being very foolproof and secure in their projec-ts, try and apply this in your own life. Successful people weren’t born different, were they? They cultivated good habits and practices that the rest of us can learn from and perhaps even build upon. If you find yourself strapped for time, there might be a lack of priority in your life. You will not have time to do every single thing you want every single day. And that is perfectly fine. What you must do is prioritize your life so that the most important thing is to get the most important things done, then the somewhat important ones, then the least important. It’s an incredibly simple principle, yet it is amazing how many people don’t apply it to their lives. Tips for increasing productivity: • When you get up in the morning, create a list of what you plan on accom- plishing that day. Check your calendar for the next day before you sleep. Adjust this then instead of having to make last minute arrangements in the morning. • Most of you are so busy in your office; however spend at least 30 minutes a day on strategically planning your life. Review your personal and professional goals. This will provide direction and aim to your life. • When you complain, provide a somewhat plausible solution as well. A doctor not only needs to provide a diagnosis, but also a treatment plan! • Can you imagine a perfect personal life and a perfect professional life? Nobody’s perfect; however, successful people learn from their mistakes and strive to get as close to perfect as possible. • Dealing with computers is easy. You don't need much skill. Google will solve most technical challenges; however you can’t google how to deal with people, can you? You need actual skills to tackle people issues. Learn people skills. Put yourself in other’s shoes. Develop an ability to relate to others positions. Learn to trust others and believe in other’s abilities. Are you an adviser? Nobody needs your advice! You think someone is talking about their issues for your advice? No! They just need a listener. Instead of just providing advice, ask them how they plan to deal with these problems. You can get lot of friends if you are ready to listen to them well. What exactly do you want? Do you know what you want to achieve in your life? Setting short term and long terms goals is very important to becoming successful. Think about what you want to do after 5 and 10 years of your life and work towards achieving those targets.

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Learn to keep your mouth shut Never mix words with your mood because you will have many options to change your mood but you will never get an option to replace your spoken words. Once one of my relative said that even if his son provides a ton of gold, he will never forget the words his son uttered when he was angry! Don't talk when it is not needed and when other people are stressed out. You can achieve success in personal life and professional life by keeping your mouth shut. By keeping your mouth shut in tense workplace situations and not getting involved in (or starting) petty arguments, you can avoid making an already bad situation worse. Can you stop complaining about others? Stop complaining about life and others. Nothing can be achieved by doing so. You won’t change anything or anyone by complaining, will you? So stop complaining and do something about it. It is easy to say that my company's process sucks and upper management is not doing anything about it. The question is what you are going to do about it. Are you doing something within your control to fix these issues? Success is something that is not exclusive to those who are “special” and anyone could be successful if they just learn from their mistakes and also from those who are successful. We need to stop thinking of success like a badge or a status. We need to start thinking of it as a goal. Are you living in past? It is OK to visit the memory once in a while but don’t live there. Are you able to put your past behind? Learn from the past but don’t live on it. We can’t judge people from their past, they don’t live there. Some people say that their college life was really happy; however will they ever admit the same when they were in college? One of the reason people find it so hard to be happy is that they always see their pas life is better than the present. Do what you want to do now. When I was kid, my dream job was the ticket collector in a movie theater! Now I can see any movie that I want without being a ticket collector! You can’t change the past incidents. Are you willing to forget and move on with your present? Don’t live on future either. Don’t think about past or worry about future, live in present. Think about life as a book. Once you read a chapter, open a new one. How do you handle the friends or love ones that hurt you in past? Forgive, forget and move on. It may say nothing about you, but a lot about them. However, learn from your mistakes. You may miss on the great things happening on the present. You have a long life in front of you. You can’t have a better today if you keep thinking about yesterday or tomorrow.

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

Jiju Nair

Jindal Red, Blue and White all the way Finally, America has a credible GOP Presidential candidate probable with an Indian American heritage. Now, this would have called for celebrations from the Indian people who have been success-fully assimilated into the American social fabric. Social media records identify Piyush ‘Bobby’ Jindal as the first Indian American governor and the second Indian American US congressman. Now, just like you and many other naturalized citizens of this great country would think, becoming a Governor of any state, especially Louisiana and then considered as a Republican Party candidate is no easy matter. But considering the credentials that Bobby brings to the table, it is no surprise that he was tapped by the Republican Party leadership to take a shot at being their candidate for Presidential elections in 2016. Entrepreneur at a young age, Rhodes Scholar, Congressman, assistant secretary in George W Bush’s cabinet and Louisiana Governor – the list of qualifications is long. While it is definitely exciting to see an Indian American candidate in the Republican Party

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

primaries, it is equally interesting to see that a vast majority of the Indian Americans have not warmed up to Mr. Jindal yet. Much of it can be attributed to the fact that Bobby Jindal had always shied away from being identified as an Indian American even though he had always expressed his pride in his Punjabi parents’ will to make the American dream possible. In a speech made at the Henry Jackson Society of London, he even made explicitly clear that he does not approve of anyone calling him Indian American. Does this make him look like someone who has rejected his heritage for the convenience of getting ahead in the land of opportunity? Apparently, many in the Indian American diaspora believes that Bobby Jindal has given away the opportunity to project the Indian community in a favorable light in the national stage. It is not hard to find some element of reasoning in such an observation, but it also need to be noted that he has always endorsed immigrant community’s desire to feel proud of their cultural heritage. His viewpoints were clear on skin color discrimination when he declared that he finds people who care about skin pigmentation to be the most dim-witted lots around. Whether by design or due to poor public relations management, some of Jindal’s speeches and outreach efforts were snubbed by the social media savvy section of the general public and media alike. His twitter effort to reach out to his voters was unfortunately hijacked by thrill seeking twitter users who focused on Bobby Jindal’s views on creationism, pro-life and racial colorblindness to

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post comments that ranged from hilarious to outright insulting. To make matters worse, a fake news item that claimed Bobby Jindal proclaiming the confederate flag as his heritage went viral much to the dismay of many Indian Americans. Even though the term scapegoat might be farfetched in the curious case of Bobby Jindal, it is fair to say that some portion of the media focuses more on his ancestry rather than reporting on his views on national policies that matter. Bobby Jindalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s political positions on major issues do not help him win friends with neither the Indian American nor liberal voters. He has always voted against stem cell research and abortion rights. His view points on same sex marriage and gun rights are well documented for their conservative tone. Even though he has made efforts to make Louisiana pro-business by incurring a 1.1 billion cost over five years on income tax cuts, economists seriously doubt this shortfall can be compensated

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by the proposed increase in sales taxes. However, independent verifications has attested to some of his assertions that the Louisiana economy has grown 50% more faster than national GDP from when he took office in 2007 till 2012. Apparently, he has made efforts to make Louisiana business friendly and the state ranks as the most small business friendly states in the nation. From an Indian American colored lens, it might appear as if Bobby Jindal is turning back on his ancestry. However, it is worth noting that he is one of the fewest Indian Americans who have made substantial progress in the national politics scene thereby providing an impetus for future generations to actively participate in the nation building process. Whether we like him or not for his refusal to tag himself as another Indian American, Bobby Jindal has already paved the path for the next generation of Indian Americans to forge ahead.

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Kerala Association of Greater Washington

learning center

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Summer to Kerala The Federation of Malayalee Associations in Americas (FOMAA) had initiated a program calledâ&#x20AC;&#x153;Summer to Keralaâ&#x20AC;? this year. Being the Kalaprathibha and the Rising Star Kalaprathibha, we got selected to participate in this program. The program started along with the FOMAA convention on August 1, 2015. The Summer to Kerala program was inaugurated by Shri Oommen Chandi, along with several dignitaries including the tourism minister, health minister, and many officials of FOMAA. With the lighting of the lamp and a great tribute to the phenomenal President of India, Dr. Abdul J. Kalam, the chief minister kicked off the convention at the Muscat Hotel in Trivandrum. This was the first time that we are met the chief minister and it was great talking to him. We handed over few KAGW magazines to the chief minister. We also had an evening program with Malayalam movie stars and play back singers. Also this was our first visit to Trivandrum. The day before the program, we had been to Sree Chitra Medical Center, Medical College and Regional Cancer Center and the famous Kovalam beach, Shankumukham beach and the backwaters at Trivandrum. The program started with a brief message from Dr. Sunny Luke, Director of the International Institute for Scientific and Academic Collaboration, Inc., and advice from Celine Charath and overall program description by Divya. Issac, the chair of the world Malayali association explained us the importance of learning culture and being global citizens for the future, rather than being the citizen of one country. We saw the famous Church and Masjid at the heart of the town and also the Secretariat. We visited the historical sculpture museum and also the great art museum of Raja Ravi Varma. We saw the zoo and the beautiful park. At Trivandrum, we

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

Marshall Nambiar Hirschel Nambiar visited the museum of Padmanabha Swamy temple, Kuduramaliga and also gave an interview at the Janam TV. Next day, early morning 3 AM, we visited the Padmmanabha Swamy temple and attended the morning prayer. After breakfast, we travelled to Kollam and then to Alleppey. We stayed on a rented boat house in the Kuttanad Kayal. In the afternoon, we had lunch in the boat and then took a tour of the lakes including the largest lake Vyambanadu. We were fortunate to witness the practice of the Nehru Cup snake boat race. That was the day a new boat was inaugurated for the race and we truly enjoyed the rare feast. We went coastal shopping and purchased the very popular tiger shrimp, had tender orange coconut water and enjoyed large paddy fields. After coming back, we learned how to clean the shrimp, marinate and cook the shrimp. We had a great evening on the boat and a rocking sleep. Next day morning, the instructor taught us the basics of yoga. After another tour of the lakes on the opposite side, we visited an elementary school nearby and met the kids and teachers. We got a chance to take a camel ride at the Alleppey beach and also enjoyed the beautiful beach. From there we visited Cochin. We went to Greenix village and saw Kathakali, Kalari and traditional Kerala dances. We also learned Kalari. We went on a boat ride that in fact was pushed by long bamboo sticks to Kumbalangi village. We learned coconut tree climbing, making clay pots, brooms, making baskets from bamboo and coconut tree leaves, removing clam meat, and crab and fish farming. We learned the use of mangrove plants on the shore that protect the land and also provides space for fish breeding and why the state

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banned cutting the trees. We learned how to make coir ropes from start to finish and had a tug of war using the ropes including the crown for the

Looking at the beauty of the Munnar lakes and the first arch dam of Asia, we went to Kumily and Thekkadi.

winners. We took lunch and then went to the thousand year old Jewish Synagogue and the St. Francis Church, where Vasco de Gama died. We took a tour of the old palace where the kings use to stay and saw the entire Ramayana painting on the wall. We had a chance to see the fishing Cheena Vala and how it is pulled with thousand kilos of weight. We had a youngster discuss about how things were progressing in Kerala and how he was looking for the future.

We had an elephant ride first time in our life. The exotic spice garden tour was amazing. We had a chance to learn how to ride motor cycles at Thekkadi. Next day, we did a jeep trekking to Tamilnadu and saw the vegetable plantation including fruits grown from the Mullaperiar dam water. We also saw the hydroelectric power projects.

Next day, we went to Kalamandalam at Cheruthurthi and took a look at the art classes happening, including, Ottmathullal, Kathakkali, Thimilum, Chenda and also the Arangethram auditorium. We visited the Trichur Engineering College, the first engineering college in Kerala inaugurated by Pandith Jawaharlal Nehru. We saw the Dakshinamoorthi temple where the Trichur pooram is held and also the medical college. We had a chance to visit Athirappally dam and the beautiful water falls, where the recent movie â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Bahubaliâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; was filmed. Looking at the water falls on either side of the road was so attractive. Staying at a tribal village and understanding their native activities was our next goal. When we reached there we were fortunate to see a shooting of a Tamil film. We took bath in the local river in addition to bath on the top of the river leading to Athirapally water falls. We played tribal village games and also had a wonderful tribal dinner and breakfast. From there we went to Munnar and studied the botanical diversity, tea plants and tea processing and packaging. We camped on the top of a mountain which is close to the place where part of the Life of Pi movie was shot.

Kerala Association of Greater Washington

From Thekkadi we went to Thiruvalla. We stayed at the MCFAST College. We participated in the Independence Day programs and studied Aquaphoincs. The Founder Rev. Father Abraham Muzhamoottil had given us a wonderful tour of Thiruvalla including, the famous cathedral, Pandava para, honey and soap production and water purification. We also visited a radio station. We were very fortunate go to Aranmula kannadi making families lear the process of making the very rare metal kannadis. It is the only place in the world where metal kannadis are made. On our way we visited the historical Parthasarathi temple and saw the Vallasadhya prayer. In the afternoon we met at the MACFAST College, got the global citizen certificate and had a good bye lunch and went back to our hometown. We really appreciate FOMAA in coordination with KAGW arranging this wonderful Summer to Kerala Program. It is memorable in hundreds of ways. The knowledge we learned and the places we visited is unmatchable. We thank Dr. Sunny Luke, Ms. Celine and Ms. Divya and a number of wonderful guides for their commitment in giving us the best. Thanks to Vinson Palathingal uncle who really encouraged us to participate in this historical event.

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Janey Foundation, Inc A non-profit organization registered in the State of Maryland The mission of Janey Foundation is to establish and support centers that provide care for individuals with disabilities in developing countries, with particular emphasis on India. The activities of the Foundation are managed by a duly constituted Board of Directors. We are registered with IRS as a charitable 501 (c)(3) non-profit human health and welfare organization since 1986. We are approved for participation in the 2014 Combined Federal Campaign (CFC) and is listed among national/international independent agencies under the number 10163

2015 Fundraising Dinner & Entertainment On Saturday, Nov 14, 2015 4:00 to 8:00 PM at Thomas W. Pyle Middle School 6311 Wilson Lane, Bethesda, MD 20817 www.janeyfoundation.com