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stakeholder public private planning process, developing a city business plan, developing a housing policy, beautification of historic neighborhoods, creation of innovative online reporting sites etc. On a different case, the less favorable case of Nairobi was presented, where the government came with the plan ‘Nairobi metro 2030’. Slums were cleared and developed by private developers with low quality. And due to corrupt and unethical construction practices many of the buildings have collapsed. Recommended reads on this topic include Rule by Aesthetics: World-class City Making in Delhi, D. Asher Ghertner. And Nairobi in the Making: Landscapes of Time and Urban Belonging, Constance Smith.
Furthermore, Addis Abeba’s 10-year development plan was discussed. While it does not mention ‘world class city making’ explicitly, ambitious developments are planned. An example of this, is the plan by the government to build 4.4 million housing units. It is important to ask where and how these units are going to be built, who will build them? what are the risks? how this effort interacts with the existing fabric and whether the construction industry has the capacity to undertake these projects. The Dhaka structure plan was discussed as an exemplary case study highlighting basic take away points. Some of the points include; building ethical and efficient local construction industry to cope up with the coming demands, questioning how our cities can be globally competitive and efficient, ensuring FDI induced growth doesn’t exasperate inequalities, ensuring local productivity and committing to functionality.
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Discussion points raised include, how we can reconcile the need to create a modern capital while preserving our indigenous character and the need to study suitable and equitable interventions that go side to side with entry of global capital.
Additionally, studying the effect of global capital on urban spaces, promoting efficiency while dealing with social issues, and the economic question of inequality in urban spaces are put at the core challenges of the Architecture and Planning professions.
The session was concluded by stressing the need to start a public conversation on the topic. At this critical point where rapid economic and political shifts are taking place and Addis is changing fast, our active engagement is required to guide the city building outcomes. We will yet see the effect of global capital and its influence on urban space therefore, understanding the contradiction and challenge needs a sensitive approach from Decision makers, Architects and Planners.
This month’s session was intended to start a broader conversation on the topic. The discussions are expected to continue in the virtual platforms with an ever-growing living debate on the topic. Stay tuned!
#architects’ table
The Architects’ Table, a monthly event jointly organized by the Addis Hall of Architecture and Urbanism Think Tank and the Association of Ethiopian Architects, marked its first event on the evening of the 28 th of July, 2020.
Table guests and participants discussed on what and where the city center of Addis Ababa is, how it is conceived, and transformed.
Source: AEA Image: AEA
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DANIEL ALEBACHEW BUILDING CONTRACTOR
251 911 63 72 59 dabc@gmail.com
#import substitution
Ethiopia aspires to produce 80% of construction materials locally.
Ministry of Urban Development and Construction announced Ethiopia’s aspirations to produce 80% of construction materials locally over the next ten years.
Substitution of imported construction materials with local products has a paramount significance in terms of saving foreign currency and expands foster new job opportunities in the industry.
The Urban Development and Construction Minister, Engineer Aysha Mohammed stated that Ethiopia also aims to create 11 Million new jobs in the construction and manufacturing sector in the next decade.
Source: fanabc.com 14
#new deputy mayor
H.E. Adanech, the first woman to head the city administration, replaced H.E. Takele Uma who served as deputy mayor of the capital for the past two years.
She was sworn in by the Addis Ababa City Council, confirming her appointment in a special meeting held on the 18 th of August 2020.
Following the ceremony, the newly appointed deputy mayor pledged her commitment to transform the city’s existing situation, making it better and more suitable for living, to all citizen of the country.
Prior to her latest appointment, Adanche has served as the attorney general since March 2020.
Source: ethiopianmonitor.com, thereporteret.com Image: Africa Union Commission
#conDigital
Ethiopian startup ConDigital is providing cloud management and analytical services to help construction companies become more efficient, and hopes to expand to other African countries soon.
Formed in 2018 and launched in January of last year (2019), ConDigital digitises the process of construction project management for contractors, consultants and owners. Among the services it provides are data calculation, processing and reporting; schedule, resource and financial management; communication channels; centralised cloud file storage; and analytics.
The startup has already secured contracts with two construction firms, and is in the process of adding additional features to its platform.
Source: disrupt-africa.com Image: condigitaleth.com
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Tibeb Be Adebabay was born for the streets, the squares, and the public spaces where people are mostly passive passer byes. The main goal of the festival was to get the public to participate in the making of art works with professional and beginner artists.
As we can see around the world today, ‘normal’ days seem to be temporarily gone due to the Corona Virus Pandemic, so where do people go to interact with each other and sense the feeling of a crowd?
This is a question Tibeb Be Adebabay team has faced since the pandemic has forced the re-direction of the festival to a digital space. Join and take part in this fascinating digital festival using the QR code provided! Can’t wait to see you there - on the internet - the new Adebabay.
online cement
A local online trading company – Dumbulo Shopping Solutions – has begun selling cement online.
The online shopping platform www.dumbulo.com availed cement sales for customers in and around Addis Ababa.
Dumbulo Shopping Solutions has started working with cement producers and major cement distributers authorized by the Federal government to distribute cement in the country. The company has entered into an agreement with National Cement one of the leading cement manufacturer that has a central cement warehouse in Addis Ababa. It is also discussing with the other cement producers, the four major cement distributers and the Chemical and Construction Inputs Development Institute on ways in disrupting the traditional erratic cement market.
Source: thereporterethiopia.com 16
#guard rails
Jiangxi Changnan Construction Group, a Chinese company, has begun replacing the guard rails along the city’s roads and roundabouts with safety rollers at a cost of 115 million Br.
The Addis Abeba Traffic Management Agency hired the company to change the previous metal guard rails with safety rollers, a form of crash barrier, last month.
The agency signed the agreement with the company on June 14, 2019, for 21 different project sites found across the city.
Source: addisfortune Image: addisfortune
#mortgage bank
The demand for residential houses in Ethiopia is estimated in millions as it increases with an average of additional 150 thousand houses every year. But since building construction is too expensive and access to bank credit for housing is tough especially to individuals, there is a need for a new intervention to fill the gap, relevant experts said.
The critical problem in the sector, in addition to scarcity of land is access to finance mainly for low and middle income households. The experts argued that mortgage banking is vital in filling the financial gap in the sector.
The government has a plan to build 4.4 million houses in its ten year perspective development master plan out of which the private sector is expected to execute 80 percent.
According to the experts, to meet the target plan, government should create suitable environment by widening the opportunities of financial sources and other supports to the private sector and individuals.
Source: allafrica.com Image: stackpathdns.com
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#national palace
France agrees to finance “the National Palace Renovation Program” & “Agriculture Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Development Program”
Two grant agreements amounting to €20 million (ETB 796.90 Million) were signed today July 16, 2020 between the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the French Republic to finance “the National Palace Renovation Program” and “Agriculture Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Development Program” via a virtual ceremony held to ensure the WHO recommended social distancing due to the current global Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak.
Source: mofed.gov.et 17
መነፅር
#ስለ፡ ከተማ አስተዳደር
ሥርዓት ከሌለው ሰፊ መንግሥት ይልቅ በሕግ የምትኖር ትንሽ ከተማ ሞያ ትሰራለች:: አጤ ምኒልክና ኢትዮጵያ ነጋድራስ ገ/ሕይወት ባይከዳኝ
#ስለ ፡ ከተማ
ከተማ እንደ ቦርሳ እኪስ አትከተት፣ እንደ ሃብል በአንገት ተጠልቃ በልብስ አትጋረድ፣እንደ ቡታንታ በሱሪ አትከለል ፣ እንደ ጀርባ ጋቢ አይጣልባት፡፡ ከተማን ያህል ነገር ገልቦ እያሳዩ ‘ተከናነብኩ’ ማለት ይከብዳል፡፡ የስንብት ቀለማት ፤ አዳም ረታ
#ስለ ፡ ከተማና ቅርስ አጠባበቅ
በሀገራችን የዛፍ ወይም የሕንፃ ምስክርነት ለትውልድ ማቆየት የተለመደ ነው፡፡ ከዚህም የተነሳ ታላላቅ ዛፎች እንዳይቆረጡ ኮረብታዎች እንዳይፈርሱ ነባር የሕንፃ ቤቶች እንዳይደመሰሱ ጥንቃቄ ይደረጋል፡፡ ይምጡ በዝና ፤ አዲስ አበባ ያሬድ ገ/ሚካኤል
#ስለ ፡ ከተማና ጊዜ
ጥቂት ዓመታት ብዙ ነገር አፈራርሰውና ለዋውጠው ሲሄዱ ቅርቡን ጊዜ ድሮ ያስመስሉታል፡፡ የስንብት ቀለማት ፤ አዳም ረታ
#ስለ ፡ ከተማና ገጠር ትስስር
የከተማው ኢኮኖሚ ለገጠሩ የገበያ ምንጭ ብቻ ሳይሆን የሠለጠነ የሰው ሃይልና የቴክኖሎጂ ዕድገት መሰረትም ነው፡፡ መንግሥትና የሕዝብ አስተዳደር ነጋድራስ ገ/ሕይወት ባይከዳኝ
#ስለ፡ ከተማና ቤት አሰራር
መደዳውን ሰልፍ ይዞ የተሰራ ነገር አያስጠላሽም፤ የማሕበር ወይም የቁጠባ ቤት አይደብርሽም ፤ አራት አራት ግድግዳ፡ አንድ አንድ መስኮት፡ ሁለት ሁለት መዝጊያ፡ ሁለት ሁለት ደረጃ፡ ሁለት ሁለት ክንፍ ዓይንሽን እስኪያምሽ ድረስ ወደላይም ወደ ታችም የተደረደረ ፓኮ! የማያባራ ሰልፍ…እኔ መቼም እዛ ውስጥ ኑር ቢሉኝ የማብድ ይመስለኛል፡፡ ካገር ፍቅር ፡ አዲ‘ሳባ ጀሚል አክበር
#ስለ፡ከተማ ውበትና ሰው
ከጎራው ዘልቄ እስኪ ልነጋገር ካለሰው ቢወዱት ምን ያደርጋል አገር የኔ ውብ ከተማ - ሕንፃ መች ሆነና የድንጋይ ክምር፤ የኔ ውብ ከተማ - መንገድ መች ሆነና የድንጋይ አጥር፤ የኔ ውብ ከተማ የኔ ውብ አገር የሰው ልጅ ልብ ነው የሌለው ዳርቻ የሌለው ድንበር፡፡ ሕንፃው ምን ቢረዝም፤ ምን ቢፀዳ ቤቱ መንገዱ ቢሰፋ ቢንጣለል አስፋልቱ ሰው ሰው ካልሸተተ ምንድን ነው ውበቱ; እኔ ውብ የምለው የሰውን ልብ ነው፡፡ ፡ ፡ ሱ!
ኦሮማይ ፤ በዓሉ ግርማ
#ስለ፡ ከተሜ
ዘመናይ (ከተሜ) ሲያመሰግኑት እንጂ ሲወቅሱት አይወድም፡፡ መንግሥትና የሕዝብ አስተዳደር ነጋድራስ ገ/ሕይወት ባይከዳኝ
መነፅር ፤ ‘ከታሪክ ይሉኝታ ባሻገር’
የባዕድ ስርዓተ ትምህርት ተፅዕኖ አስተያየቶቻችንን ከከፊል ባለፈ ወደ ምዕራባውያን ሊቆች እንድናዞር እና ስለተለያዩ ርዕሰ ጉዳዮች ስናነሳ የምንጠቅሳቸው ሰዎች ወደዚያውም በኃይል እንዲያደላ፣ ወዲያውም ሂደቱ ሳይነቀፍ እንዳይታለፍ ሆኗል፡፡ በዚህም አካሄድ የሀገራችን ስነ ቃል ስሜትን በግጥም፣ በወግ፣ በቅኔ ፣ በእንካ ሰላንቲያ ፣ በእንቆቅልሽ ፣ በተረት፣ ወዘተ ከመዝለል ባለፈ ሳይንሳዊ ጥበብን የመግለፅ አቅሙ ደካማ እንዲመስለን ሆነ፡ ፡ ይህም በይበልጥ የሚያሰጋው የተለያዩ አገር በቀል ሳይንሳዊ ዕውቀቶች በየዘርፉ ሲኖሩ ነገር ግን ተመልሰን ለማጣቀስ በትምህርት ዘርፉም ሆነ በስራው ዘርፍ የተበረታታ አለመሆኑ ነው፡፡ መነፅር ከታሪካችን ሻገር ብሎ ያለይሉኝታ ሀሳብ፣ ጥበብ፣ ስሜትና ተሞክሮ ባገር ቋንቋ ባገር ልጆች እንዴት ይታያሉ? እንዴትስ ይቃኛሉ? ከተፃፉት ደግሞ አይለው፣ ገንነው እንዲሁ በአፍ የምናውቃቸው ስነ-ቃሎቻችንን ምን ይሉ ይሆን እያለ ለየርዕሰ ጉዳዩ ስለ፡____ በሚል ቅንጭብታ ከብዙ ጥቂቱን ይጠቅሳል፡፡ በዚህ ዕትም ስለ፡ “ከተማ “ ጊዜ ሰጥቶ ከተማ በኢትዮጵያውያን ምሁራን እንዴት ተተነተነ? ከተማ ምንድን ነው? ከተሜነትስ ምን ይሆን ?በምንስ ይገለፃል? የከተማ እድገት ምን ይመስላል ? ደራስያን በልቦለዶቻቸው የሳሉአቸው ከተማዎች ምን መልክ አላቸው ? የሚለውን ተመልክቶ ስለ ከተማ ምንነት ከራሳችን መነፅር ይዞ ቀርቧል፡፡ ተጋበዙልን! 19
Article > Solan Kifle Horo
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Saddle Dam: An auxiliary dam constructed to confine the reservoir created by a primary dam either to permit a higher water elevation and storage or to limit the extent of a reservoir for increased efficiency.
G.E.R.D
Located on the River Abay (Nile), about 25Km from the border of Sudan, Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (G.E.R.D) is considered as one of the world’s impressive mega projects, and after completion the largest hydro-power dam in Africa.
It is a construction feat of Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) with a length of 1,780 meters and height of 145 meters in the main dam, a rock fill concrete faced Saddle Dam1 of 5.2 Km length and 45 meters’ height, Waterways, two surface Powerhouses2 which encompasses thirteen francs’ turbines* coupled to synchronous generators3 each capable of generating 375MW/400MW at the left and right of the RCC dam, 500kV switchyard4, and Gated Spillway5 equipped with 6 radial gates. The Dam will create a 74 billion cubic meter (BCM) reservoir with a surface area of 1,874 km2 at full supply level. The river bed is at elevation of 500m ASL (Above Sea Level) making the dam’s maximum elevation at 645m ASL.
The Project objective is to enhance the hydro-power generation capacity of the country through developing a plant with a capacity of 5150 MW and average energy generation of 15,760 GWh per annum. The implementation of this project will ensure supply of renewable energy to the emerging agro and heavy industries of the country and will also secure the power trading between the neighboring countries and even the regional and continental interconnection. It is the nation’s pride to bring the project to reality.
The main dam is constructed in gorge between two mountains with RCC and convention concrete (CVC) of total vol
The role of the turbine is to transform the energy of the moving water into mechanical energy that will make the generator spin. The generator then transforms the mechanical energy into electricity.
IMAGE COURTESY OF GERD PROJECT OFFICE
Surface Power House: Located at the dam toe, where water is conveyed through the dam by means of penstocks, a sluice or intake structure that con- trols water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines. ume 10.2 million m3 where the configura- tion of the Dam is designed in such a way that the dry season flow passes through the diversion culverts and the rain sea- son flow passes over the lower block of the dam with the left and right dam with a proper height not to flood the down- stream structures. The lower blocks are structured to be constructed in four lev- els: 525, 560, 595 and 640 meters where the left and the right are elevated at least 10m to 15m above the lower blocks. As the lower blocks are raised, the diversion culvert which operates at lower head and the bottom outlets that are designed to release water from the reservoir when the units are not operating cannot re- lease the inflow of the rain season, it is inevitable to impound until the River spills over the lower block.
On the 22 nd of July, 2020 G.E.R.D achieved one of its highly anticipated milestones achieving a height of 560m ASL on the lower block of the dam. It is an interme- diate milestone for the impounding and start of the generation. This specific mile- stone was one that can be considered pride for usage of the water and paves Ethiopia’s stride towards development. This is not only a matter of pride but also for the development of the dam, where this milestone speeds and facilitates the next milestones, the early generation and completion of the project. If this milestone has not been achieved, the early gener- ation and the project completion would have been delayed at least by another year.
The G.E.R.D is configured to start early generation with two units while the main dam is under construction. The early gen-
eration of the project is materialized taking advantage of the raised lower block of the central RCC dam to an elevation of 560m ASL. The two turbines are especially designed to operate at lower head of minimum of 60m. Following the dam construction sequence, it is expected to raise the lower block of the central dam to elevation 595m ASL. where the right and left RCC dam minimum elevation will be 606m ASL. Raising the lower block to this level will guarantee the start of the third unit, which is the second milestone of the project that guarantees attaining the final configuration
@560M JULY 2020 COURTESY OF GERD PROJECT OFFICE IMAGE: AHADU PICTURES
in the consecutive year where the lower block will be raised to an elevation of 640m on the right side and to 645m on the left side of the dam respectively.
The project delay due to technical and non-performance from some of the contractors has disheartened the citizens in the realization of the project. On the other hand, the recent achievement of this milestone has raised the aspiration and hope of all the nation in the project as an affirmation of the country’s march towards successful economic growth.
@525M JULY 2019 IMAGE: SOLAN KIFLE 1
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8 Switch Yard
Spillway
Powerhouse
Left Side Dam
Spillway
Right Side Dam
Bottom Outlet
Penstocks
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GERD SITE PLAN ILLUSTRATION: KETEMA JOURNAL
Controlled Spillway: Special gates or other mechanical structures are used to regulate the flow of water and therefore its level upstream. There are usually several gates operated by motors or pulled up and down by special cranes. 26
FILLING OF THE G.E.R.D AT 560M IMAGE: SOLAN KIFLE
Switch yard: Switching substations essential for transmission, distribution, collection, and controlling the flow of electricity.
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