KETKI JADHAV | ANIMATION FILM DESIGN | 2013
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KETKI JADHAV | ANIMATION FILM DESIGN | 2013
CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1
PART ONE: THE START PART TWO: THE BIG IDEA
2 3
ABOUT THE ORGANISATION ABOUT THE PROJECT
4 5
PROJECT PROPOSAL PROJECT SCHEDULE | BUDGET
6 7
RESEARCH AHMEDABAD BRTS RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
8-9 10-11 12-13
INITIAL STORYBOARD CHANGE OF TARGET AUDIENCE FINAL SCRIPT FINAL STORYBOARD
14-16 17-19 20-21 22-25
CHARACTER DESIGN FINAL CHARACTERS VEHICLE DESIGN FIELD STUDY COLOUR | MOOD
26-30 31 32-35 36 37
LAYOUTS
38-47
ANIMATION PROCESS ANIMATION CGI COMPOSITING SOUND DESIGN REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHY OTHER WORK AT ITDP CONCLUSION SINCERE THANKS
48-49 50-51 52 53 54 55 56-57 58 59
KETKI JADHAV | ANIMATION FILM DESIGN | 2013
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and Foremost, I would like to thank my mother for helping me find an issue that I always talked about but had never considered as a potential subject for a film. I am extremely thankful to ITDP ( Institute for Transportation and Development Policies) for having believed in my idea for this film and for deciding to fund the same. I thank Christopher Kost, Shreya Gadepalli, Kumar Manish, Jamie Osborne, Advait Jani, Ranga Rohini C and Rajendraji for helping me survive the new city and making my time at ITDP an amazing learning experience. I would like to thank my guide Mr.Sekhar Mukherjee for seeing a spark in my idea and nuturing it in all stages of film making and for being an excellent source of constant encouragment all along. I am grateful to Sekhar Mukherjee, Prakash Moorthy, Siddharth Ghosh, Dhiman Sengupta, Arjun Gupte, Pradipto Ray, Priyankar Sengupta, Ajay Tiwari and Kaushik Chakroborty for being brilliant critiques and amazing teachers and helping me grow tremendously as a film maker during my four years as a student at NID. I would like to thank Anuroop Nair who lent his voice for the film and for being the perfect narrator. Thank you Nikunj Patel for doing amazing sound work for the film. I would like to thank Jyothi Iyer for designing the title for this film. I owe a huge thanks to Venkatram Vishwanath, Asmina Shaikh, Swathi Vishwanath, Mathew Jacob, Karthik Nagarajan, Neerav Doshi, Nihar Desai, Mihir Lele, Pragun Agarwal and all my other UG and PG batchmates who have helped me in every possible way. And most importantly I can never thank Dinesh Ram, Sayan Chanda, Tanvi kareer, Devika Gharge, Sharon Monisha Rajkumar, Nidhi Singh Rathore, Mom , Dad and my sister enough, for being a huge part of my growth as an individual and a film maker and for making me the crazy person that I am today.
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PART ONE THE START
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So this is where the story of my film begins. A few years ago, at the dawn of junior college, when me and many other like-aged teenagers were given a choice to commute daily with their very own two wheeler or by a bus. I, unlike many others, decided to choose the latter. Mainly because of the phobia of uncontrolled traffic on jam packed roads and also because of the secret pleasure of being driven around by someone else. The choice soon grew on me as I began to realize the many advantages that one enjoys while taking a bus. I loved my daily commute. Seeing different people, overhearing the daily gossip, reading a book near the open window, the pleasure of finding a seat in a crowded bus after a tired day and most importantly not seeing my daily trip back home like frodo’s journey to Mordor.
Years went by and I continued to use the bus, hearing my friends and sister often complain about their tiring commute. Sitting for long hours stuck in traffic, breathing tonnes of polluted air, getting your ear drums torn by obnoxious honking drivers and more than anything, losing your peace of mind. I often tried to convince everybody about how good it was to travel by the bus only to get stared at weirdly. And then somewhere at the back of my head, my brain started churning out stories that could become potential comics or films about the bus. But they remained untold and unwritten. .
It was around November of 2012 when an amazing event took place, the Pune Bus day . Pune bus day was an initiative by the Sakal Times to spread awareness about the public transport system and to make people aware about traffic and pollution problems. It was around the same time that I was finishing my classroom project and thinking about ideas for my next and most important project, the Diploma film. Over a cup of coffee after dinner while my mother and I sat talking casually, she happened to mention how the Pune bus day was an initiative that coincided with my thoughts about public transportation. At that moment something just clicked and we both knew that I wanted to make a film to promote public transportation.
I started researching immediately about the involving orgainisations as I realized that this was a topic that had the potential to be sponsored by an organization who was willing to spread the word through the medium of animation. It was then, that I read about ITDP and the extensive work that they had done to promote the cause. I wrote to them and the reply was immediate, they were really interested in the idea and were very happy to fund the same. And that is the end of the start of my diploma project.
PART TWO THE BIG IDEA
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ABOUT THE ORGANISATION
WHAT IS ITDP? The Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) is a US-based non-governmental non-profit organization providing technical assistance to cities and local advocacy groups on sustainable transportation development throughout Asia, Africa, and the Americas WHAT DO THEY DO? The Institute for Transportation and Development Policy works with cities worldwide to bring about sustainable transport solutions that cut greenhouse gas emissions, reduce poverty, and improve the quality of urban life. WHERE THEY WORK ITDP works in makor counties around the world like Argrntina,Brazil,India, Indonesia, China, Europe, Mexico, South Africa,Tanzania , United States.
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MAJOR WORKS. Climate & Transport Policy ITDP works on the local, national, and international levels to encourage governments and other authorities to incorporate policies to reduce transport-related emissions and traffic congestion, while ensuring adequate funding for sustainable mobility programs. Cycling & Walking With programs such as bike sharing, cycle lane master plans, and pedestrian streets, ITDP promotes nonmotorized transport, more livable cities, and safety for pedestrians and cyclists. Outreach & Awareness With initiatives like Our Cities Ourselves and the Sustainable Transport Award, ITDP increases public awareness of the critical role of transportation in urbanization and climate change. ITDP also distributes information targeted at professionals and decisionmakers about specific transport-related issues. Public Transport ITDP has helped develop many of the most successful and cutting-edge bus rapid transit systems around the world, including those in Ahmedabad, Guangzhou, Jakarta, and Johannesburg. Sustainable Urban Development ITDP works with developers, architects, and government leaders to bring about pedestrian and transit oriented development. Sustainable urban planning and design, integrated with sound transport systems, not only improves city life, but also reduces pollution. Traffic Reduction ITDP promotes regulations, financing and incentive systems, marketing, and technologies aimed at reducing traffic and private car use, such as road pricing, insurance pricing, and parking reform.
ABOUT THE PROJECT WHY A SPONSORED PROJECT? I wanted to use my learning at NID as an animator to make a film that had some real grounding and tackled an issue that I had experienced myself. WHY PROMOTE PUBLIC TRANSPORT? Recent studies have shown that people with a shorter and more comfortable commute are happier and more composed than the ones who travel long hours everyday. In India, Even though public transport is available, most people avoid it due to the lack of good service. Inspite of the Pune Bus Service improving in leaps and bounds, people around me still hestiate to use it. Keeping this issue in mind I felt it was extremely important to get the people to notice and use the system in order to make it better.
WHY ANIMATION? While tackling issues it is important to present it to the audience on a positive note rather than harsh crude reality. Animation can tackle complex issues in subtle and humorous ways which makes it more attractive. Animated films are being used in all areas to create awareness, as the medium can create “neverseen-before” visuals and graphics that strike out and are remembered for long. A striking film that is broadcasted on TV or circulated on the web will reach out to more people and thereby increase the number of people using public transport.
CHALLENGE The challenging part about this project was to address the problem regarding public tranportation and to give an efficient solution in a short duration of time as info-commercials risk losing the audience’s attention if they get too long. AIM AND TARGET AUDIENCE Initially the target auidence of the film was the general public and the film aimed at making them see the benefits of public transportation. But during the research phase this took a major turn and the film now aimed at government officials first and then the general audience, the reason for which has been explained in detail in the later half of the document. DURATION The duration of the film was decided at 2 minutes in order to make it crisp and to the point.
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PROJECT PROPOSAL ‘Jam’ was proposed to ITDP as a short film or a series of short films which would promote the use of public transport. The combined duration of the film/ films would be of one and half minutes which later extended upto 2 minutes. The sponsor agreed to fund the project by paying a monthly stipend of 15,000/-, bearing the cost of conveyance for 2 guide visits to NID , cost of sound design and the cost of documentation required for the client as well as NID.
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PROJECT SCHEDULE | BUDGET
PROJECT SCHEDULE
PROJECT BUDGET Cost of Studio materials Cost of Local conveyance Cost of one guide visit Cost of sound design Cost of one copy for sponsor
10,000 6,000 13,000 21,000 3000 53,000/-
Cost of conveyance while working on the project
20,000/-
Grand total
73,000/-
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RESEARCH The field of public tranportation has seen many pioneering systems and ground breaking advancements that have tried to make transit a more comfortable affair. The BRTS in Bogota and the London metro service are iconic examples of the same. In order to make an effective and powerful film to promote the use of public transporation it was necessary to understand the reason for the necessity of public as well as private transport. In order to promote the strengths of one, it was required to know the flaws of the other. It was necessary for the research to be vast, strong and thorough in order to mould the data into a script that was short, crisp and hard hitting.
TALKS Bill ford: Future beyond traffic gridlock 1.average vehicular speed of a driver is less in 10kmph in traffic jams 2.trying to innovate systems that bring about sustainable transport.Ford. Graham Hill Less stuff, more happiness. 1. Today we have about three times more space than what we had fifty years ago. 2. but more supply is ALWAYS equal to more demand ( this also means more road expansion will lead to more people buying more private vehicles and it becomes an endless cycle. 3. more stuff leads to more and more problems rather than more happiness eg. huge environmental foootprints, pollution problems. Steven Johnson The slow hunch The most innovative ideas happened at conference tables where peoples “hunches” or mind blocks met each other. In order to slow problems regarding public transportation it is necessary to know all the problems that people face order to find a good solution. Jonas Eliasson How to solve traffic jams “PEOPLES Minds mould according to situations by being nudged even slightly.more supply will always meet with More demand.” Constant failure of promoting the public transport has led even the government to start thinking that private vehicles is the future of transit and road expansion is the only solution to meet the rise in the number of private vehicles. But with more supply comes more demand… and it’s a constant cycle. Upto 50% spaces is used to make bigger roadways and railways.
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HUMAN KIND: passengers audio interviews of people commuting daily using public transportation “ I wish I could shut my eyes down and relax” “I was constantly mad at people for keeping me in the traffic” “ you had to be hyperalert.it makes everything seem so exhausting” In public transport, 1$ invested is 4$ returned. with every dollar invested you get back services upto 4 times the amount of money that you spend. It is like a chauffeur driven service… abililty to work even while you are traveling. People who have an easier work commute are much happier with their jobs than the ones who have to travel for hours everyday. EMBARQ:Promoting mass transit 1. Auto industries spend over 20 billion dollars a year promoting automobiles what would happen if the same kind of money was spent impoving mass transit. 2. Private vehicle problems: traffic jam growth. 3. Incresed petrol prices---→ 9000 dollars of petrol for a private vehicle user. 4. Climate change--→one car lets out upto 6 tonnes of carbon emissions per year---→ one million species face extinction every year 5. Parking spaces 6. cases diseases like asthama bronchitis 7. you can lose about 6.5 pounds per year just by walking. 90 dollars on parking alone all month. 8. An average private vehivle user spends upto 5 years of his lifetime in traffic which is almost a week per year.
BOOKS
The Street Culture By Apppadurai: 2. loss of social interaction:Streets are lifelines of a city, private vehicles put us in cages. 1. people are dispassionate about the very environments in which they live.
COMICS AND INFOGRAPHICS visuals that triggered thoughts and ideas.
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AHMEDABAD BRT
Bus Rapid Transport, also known as BRT, is an innovative mass transit system that combines the efficiency and quality of metros with the flexibility and relative low cost of buses, while offering significant environmental benefits. World-class BRT achieves comparable levels of speed, capacity, and passenger comfort and convenience as rail-based systems, but can be built at a fraction of the cost and construction time. BRT provides cities with a pragmatic and affordable solution to ensure that their transit systems keep pace with urban growth. Compared to a regular bus, the journey on a BRT is much quicker, because BRTs enjoy bus-only lanes, and passengers pay at the station, rather than on the bus. And since the station floor is at the same level as the bus floor, BRT is easily accessible to individuals with limited mobility. BRT also reduces greenhouse emissions and air pollution. By increasing bus speeds, encouraging motorists to switch to buses, and often using more fuel efficient buses, BRT is an important tool in battling climate change. In fact, some BRT systems are approved by the United Nations to generate and sell carbon credits.
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Ahmedabad started its BRT system in 2009. Since its inauguration in October 2009, Janmarg has been accepted as the first ‘complete’ BRTS in India and has influenced planning and design choices in other cities – in India and abroad. The trans-vision of Ahmedabad is captioned as ‘Accessible Ahmedabad’. As part of this vision, the Ahmedabad BRTS is officially called ‘Janmarg’ – the people’s way. Janmarg is designed as a strategic intervention, to attract latent transit demand, improve air quality and help the city remain compact. The guiding principles for the selection of the network corridors are the ability to reach a larger segment of people. Also considered was the corridor’s ability to accommodate BRTS, integrate well within the existing infrastructure, contribute to ease the traffic problems in a significant way, provide opportunities for improvements in land use, be implemented quickly, inexpensively and provide potential for cost-recovery. Today, Janmarg operates over a network of 63 km and has a daily ridership of 1.4 lakh people. 127 buses operate everyday with headway of 2 minutes in peak hour. Almost 20 per cent of the commutes on Janmarg today have shifted from their two-wheelers. By May 2013, the system would be operating 6-7 routes, and carrying an estimated 3 lakh passengers daily. Plans have been finalised now to extend the network by another 50 kilometres taking the corridor length to 135 kilometres by the end of 2015.
Janmarg has been accepted as the first ‘complete’ BRTS in India and has influenced planning and design choices in other cities – in India and abroad.
It is ironic that while Ahmedabad BRTS has leveraged itself as a model, nationally and internationally, the Delhi BRTS, located in India’s capital has been given the consolatory basic rating and occupies the bottom of the table. This reconfirms the success of the Gujarat Model and further highlights the necessity of will power and proper planning in implementing a project successfully. The Delhi BRTS also sums up the state of affairs in our nation illustrating the ill effects of political negligence and a weak administration. The Ahmedabad BRTS has won numerous national and international awards in the past too. The Prime Minister adjudged the BRTS as the best Mass Rapid Transport System in the country. It also won the ‘Best New Innovation Project’ award under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) for excellence in Urban Transport. It won the Sustainable Urban Transport Award (2010) in Washington. The Central Government again lauded it when it won the National Award for ‘Best Intelligent Transport System – 2011’ at the 4th Annual Urban Mobility Conference, New Delhi. Ahmedabad BRTS was the Joint Runners up for the award for Outstanding Innovation in Public Transport, 2010 at International Transport forum, Innovators meet, Germany. It received yet another award from United Nations Climate Change Secretariat for Momentum of change light house activity, December 2012, at Doha.
Ahmedabad BRTS, known as Janmarg has added yet another feather in its cap. It has received the Silver Rating from a technical committee comprising of world renowned experts in the field of BRT. This Technical Committee certifies corridors and recommends revisions to the BRT Standard annually. The benefit of certifying a BRT corridor as gold, silver, bronze, or basic is that it sets an internationally recognized standard for the current best practice for BRT. The Committee in 2013, gave Silver rating for Ahmedabad Janmarg. Others awards bagged by the Ahmedabad BRT are •National Award for “Award for Excellence in the category of Best IMTS Project – 2011” from Government of India •International Award for “Sustainable Transport Award – 2010” at Washington DC, USA. •National Award for “Best Mass Transit Rapid System Project - 2009” from Government of India. •International Award for “Outstanding Innovations in Public Transportation – 2010” from UITP, Germany •National Award for “Best Innovation Project Towards Improvement in Urban Mobility in the City of Ahmedabad through New Technological Innovations in Janmarg BRTS – 2010” from Government of India. •International Award for Design – “Daring Ambition Award and Knowledge and Research Award – 2011” at 59th UITP World Congress, Dubai.
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
some of the main points from the research that had to go into the film script
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INITIAL STORYBOARD The research highlights were converted into the storyboard shown below with the target audience as general public.
STORYBOARD.
...............that you had commited yourself...... camera tilts upwards to become an aerial shot and starts zooming out .....
you probably did not realise......................................
4. ......to spending five years of your life..... to form a watch. sound of clock ticking slowly. ticking incrseases...
5.
..............fighting traffic...... ticking becomes really fast and the sound is overlayed with sound of traffic. clock starts disappearing.
6.
FIVE yearsss.!!!....
when you bought that shiny new car..................... Camera pans down from frame 4 to 6. and pans right to follow the car joining a line of cars.
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......silence.......
.....................................................that you could spend............... black screen become blinds...camera moves into the living room.
.............with your family.............. passes from around the sofa to go near the dining table
................with someone you love.................or just doing something you always wanted.
..............you had commited youself....... car zooms by .
to spending upto NINE THOUSAND rupees per month...... camera starts zooming out
..............to buy yourself some tension.....
passes from in between the 2 people to go near the window.
t the previous shot passes off as a reflection on a car window as it is being lowered
..............stress and a lot of chornic diseases. camera pans upwards into the polluted sky. sounds of people coughing. car honks continue. KETKI JADHAV | ANIMATION FILM DESIGN | 2013 | 15
you probably did not realise any of this...but someone did.
In 2009, the people of Ahmedabad...........
along with the goverment and us took a stand to start the country’s first fully organised bus rapid transport.....creating quality public transport........ buses get lifted in the air, cars are pushed to one side and the buses form a separate lane.
..............................................by making dedicated lanes for bus transit.
Instantly increaing the travel speed
camera starts zooming out and becomes an OTS of a girl looking out of a bus window.
Ahmedabad is not alone......all around the country...100’s of cities have the potential grid becomes a map and a dot starts blinking ...camera starts zooming out.
to help their citizens save time, money and provide a good way of travelling. ....... map roates and starts moving out...the grid lines continue to move as the camera pans to the right. camera starts zooming out
You can make a difference. Make a choice..... camera zooms out to reveal the bus.
and saving tremendously........ the girl looks at the money she is holding. as the bus passes by...camera pans to the left and the window pane lines start forming a grid
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choose the bus. camera starts panning up into the sky.
CHANGE OF TARGET AUDIENCE
After a complete initial storyboard, a detailed presentation with the ITDP team was made comprising of experts namely Christopher Kost, Shreya Gadepalli, Jamie Osborne, Ranga Rohini C and Advait Jani.
Despite their disadvantages, private vehicles are a much safer bet than using the current public transport system.
We realized that though the script narrated strong points from the research very well, the concept from the core itself was wrong. It was unreal to expect an audience to shift to using public tranport when the current system itself was unreliable, untimely and uncomfortable. Despite their disadvantages, Private vehicles are a much safer bet than using the current public transport system.
Today in India,
4 out of 7 commuters prefer to travel using their private vehicles.
.......................................out of the remaining................................
And so the story took a huge twist. CHANGE of the TARGET AUDIENCE. TARGET AUDIENCE: The story now targeted the government officials first and then the general audience. AIM: The film aims at showing the true transit scenario today in india and aims at providing a solution which will be a guaranteed success if implemented properly with all its principles.
one eventually shifts due to the untimely service.
and one,
on the right side is the first draft of storyboard from the first story structure.
...........one shifts due to unrealiability and discomfort.....
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screeching screeching offoff screen screen sound.....the sound.....the carcar comes comes back back in in reverse reverse and and lowers lowers thethe window window screeching screeching off off screen screen sound.....the sound.....the car car comes comes back back in in reverse reverse and and lowers lowers the the window window screeching screeching offoff screen screen sound.....the sound.....the carcar comes comes back back in in reverse reverse and and lowers lowers thethe window window
soso what is YOUR problem?? everyone is HAPP.!..huh! what is YOUR problem?? everyone is HAPP.!..huh! so so what what is is YOUR YOUR problem?? problem?? everyone everyone is is HAPP.!..huh! HAPP.!..huh! soso what what is YOUR is YOUR problem?? problem?? everyone everyone is HAPP.!..huh! is HAPP.!..huh! thethe carcar lowers thethe window and thethe man who had just leftleft starts screaming at at thethe narrator tilltill something catches hishis eye. lowers window and man who had just starts screaming narrator something catches eye. the the car car lowers lowers the the window window and and the the man man who who had had just just left left starts starts screaming screaming at at the the narrator narrator till till something something catches catches his his eye. eye. thethe carcar lowers lowers thethe window window and and thethe man man who who had had just just leftleft starts starts screaming screaming at at thethe narrator narrator tilltill something something catches catches hishis eye. eye.
turns out...not quite. Every one carcar added toto thethe alreadty congested streets makes thethe travel slower forfor you and does not help turns out...not quite. Every one added alreadty congested streets makes travel slower you and does not help turns out...not quite. Every turns out...not quite. Every one one car car added added to to the the alreadty alreadty congested congested streets streets makes makes the the travel travel slower slower for for you you and and does does not not help help the traffic condition either... the traffic condition either... turns turns out...not quite. quite. Every Every one one carcar added added toto thethe alreadty alreadty congested congested streets streets makes makes thethe travel travel slower slower forfor you you and and does does not not help help the traffic condition either... the out...not traffic condition either... the the traffic traffic condition condition either... either... camera zooming out starts revealing thethe congested road. sounds of of loud honking, shouting and people coughing. camera zooming out starts revealing congested road. sounds loud honking, shouting and people coughing. camera camera zooming zooming out out starts starts revealing revealing the the congested congested road. road. sounds sounds of of loud loud honking, honking, shouting shouting and and people people coughing. coughing. camera camera zooming zooming out out starts starts revealing revealing thethe congested congested road. road. sounds sounds of of loud loud honking, honking, shouting shouting and and people people coughing. coughing.
and wewe know nono amount of of road expansion and extra road space can curb thethe greed of of buying cars. and know amount road expansion and extra road space can curb greed buying cars. and and we we know know no no amount amount of of road road expansion expansion and and extra extra road road space space can can curb curb the the greed greed of of buying buying cars. cars. and wewe know nono amount of of road expansion and extra road space can curb thethe greed of of buying cars. and know amount road expansion and extra road space can curb greed buying cars. camera starts tilting upwards and wewe start see thethe cars moving almost onon a never ending road. wherever anan empty road is is camera starts tilting upwards and start see cars moving almost a never ending road. wherever empty road camera starts tilting upwards and we start see the cars moving almost on a never ending road. wherever an empty camera starts tilting upwards and we start see the cars moving almost on a never ending road. wherever an empty road road is is seen...cars start dropping from the sky and filling up the space seen...cars start dropping from the sky and filling up the space camera camera starts starts tilting tilting upwards upwards and and wewe start start see see thethe cars cars moving moving almost onon a never a never ending ending road. road. wherever wherever anan empty empty road road is is seen...cars start dropping from the sky and filling up the space seen...cars start dropping from the sky and filling up the spacealmost filling upup thethe space seen...cars seen...cars start start dropping dropping from from thethe skysky and and filling space
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.....In 2009, the people of ahmedabad and the government , .....In 2009, the people of ahmedabad and the government , camera starts zooming out from the line till we see a person drving his car ( sound of loud honking behind him. camera starts zooming out from the line till we see a person drving his car ( sound of loud honking behind him.
decided to better utilise the little space that they had with the help of just one line. decided to better utilise the little space that they had with the help of just one line. zooming out continues and the cars start shifting after seeing something. zooming out continues and the cars start shifting after seeing something.
this one line that prioritised the use of the space for public transport. this one line that prioritised the use of the space for public transport. a huge line ( a tape) starts sticking itself on the road creating two proper lanes . one for the private vehicles and one for the bus. a huge line ( a tape) starts sticking itself on the road creating two proper lanes . one for the private vehicles and one for the bus.
And that was the start of the nations first full fledged BRT system. And that was the start of the nations first full fledged BRT system. camera tilts upwards and we see see a bus travelling fast along the empty lane created for it. by the line. camera tilts upwards and we see see a bus travelling fast along the empty lane created for it. by the line.
This one line ensured that ......... camera follows the line...
it was a line that increased travel speed......decreased travel time.... camera zooms out and the street becomes a clock.
the money invested by the government............ the like is like a piggy bank slot. a coin is tossed from inside and camera follows the coin.
increased savings.............generated jobs. clock spins about and becomes a coin. we follow the coin and it falls on a pile of coins.The three piles of coins morph into people
went to use in the proper places for US.............. the coin spins once in the air and then as it moves along , it starts revelaing te next shot. it moves along the dotted line and fixes itslef on the wheel of the bus
AND reduced pollution. camera pans fast across hundreds of people. camera pan slows down and it tilts upwards to show a clear blue sky.
It was a line that truly gave back to the community.
bus moves out and we still follow the line and it becomes the aerial shot of a street with BRT system.
camera tilts down again and we are back at the same place with the same 7 people. But this time when the bus comes in. and thats the kind of change we are talking about ( bus leaves screen)
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FINAL SCRIPT
CHANGES IN THE INITIAL STORYBOARD After the previous storyboard was sent out for feedback at the ITDP office, various thought provoking points were raised. 1. Include an old person as one of the people who is waiting at the bus stop to draw attention to the problem of public transport being an inconvenient mode of transport for the elderly. 2. Get share rickshaws into the picture as they are direct and the foremost competitors of the bus and often make the passengers travel in extremely uncomfortable conditions. 3. Try to incorporate the direct benefits of the BRTS for the community.( shot of a physically challenged person getting into BRT easily because of a levelled platform added) 4.Show how BRTS helps reduce traffic to a major extent, as one of the main arguments for geting the BRT system into the city is that it takes away one entire lane away from cars dedicating it to only buses. ( shot of 60 cars falling into the BRTS added) After giving enough thought, the final script was written which then became the final storyboard.
India! birds chirping , cow moos and peacock cry and cacophony of vehicle sounds (O.S) FADE FROM BLACK EXT. ROAD SIDE People waiting for the bus. bored by the long wait. Everybody travels in India, and the majority of them choose the best possible option … private vehicles! "yeeeaaahhh!!! " ( O.S) Four private vehicles ( scooter, scooty, motorbike and a car) drop down from the sky and four people drive out of the screen. leaving only the environmentalist, the old man and a bored office going guy onscreen. While a few of them think that it is cheaper, better, and more "ahem..! uhhh" sustainable to wait for the bus, … "booooooo!!! " " you are gonna wait forever!" " no AC!!!" ( O.S) some soon realize that they are WRONG!
CUT TO
EXT.CLOSE UP. RICKSHAW close up of rickshaw driver with only eyes peeping out from the rickshaw. share karega kya?
CUT TO
EXT.CLOSE UP. ROAD SIDE old man nods head. Rickshaw drivers hand comes into the frame from the left corner, grabs the old man by his collar and pulls him away swaying from one end of the rickshaw. CUT TO EXT.LONG SHOT.BUS STOP rickshaw driver:…khe khe khe… old man: aaaaaa!! the old man is screaming and the rickshaw leaves the screen leaving only the environmentalist and the office guy on the road side. office guy is getting more and more restless.
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office guy cant take it anymore and tugs his tie twice.boom a car falls down haha… Nobody likes to wait forever! and he enters in it.cars zooms out of screen. leaving only the environmentalist there. So, like i said, NOBODY sticks to their promise of using public transport. screecchhh ( sound of car stopping fast at a distance. and reversing back) office guy drives back fast in reverse very close to the screen and lowers his window and looks angrily at the narrator and starts screaming. office guy: what is your problem?? everybody is happ….huh?" his dialogue in interuppted by car honks . camera starts panning right to reveal a HUGE traffic jam. Cars, scooters, rickshaws … brace yourself! ! Another-one joins you in your chaos and misery!
tired old man beats his walking stick on the ground and an autorickshaw falls down from the sky.
rickshaw driver:aye! khe khe khe!
birds chirping again! and cows mooing…clock ticking… Time ticks on and … time is money!
and then the camera starts tilting upwards to reveal a never ending spiral of cars. and you will say… “expand the roads”(O.S) YES! EXPAND THE ROADS! just for it to filled by anyone who cannot afford to lose time and it’s a long viscious cycle. … fearful gasps …. (O.S) … but it’s still much better than using public transport! SPIRAL OF CARS BECOMES A HYPNOTIC PATTERNS THAT QUICKLY TRANSFORMS INTO THE MOON EXT. EXTREME LONG SHOT. ROAD SIDE The environmentalist guy is still standing at waiting for the bus.
the road side
" boooo!!! " " get a life…no no…get a car you loser" "toollddd ya" (O.s) an old worn out bus comes ricketing into the screen and breaks down just near the environmentalist.He is frustrated!, throws the board that he is carrying and walks away.
How about a change??
and fixes itself.
sound of a court mallot on the judges table A huge court mallot comes into the screen and squashes the bus into a line. A change that could transform a city’s transport system with something as simple as a line! A KITE SWIPES THE SCREEN. EXT. AHMEDABAD CITY. EXTREME LONG SHOT Yes! one line that Ahmedabad used in 2009, to claim space for buses ahmedabad road filled with vehicles is revealed. ( the kite that swiped the screen flies out from the right corners). lots of the kites flying the background.buses jump in air and cars arrange themselves in two lanes. buses start falling down CUT TO EXT. AHMEDABAD ROAD. that could clear over 60 cars " yeeaahh!"!
INT. BRT STAION. LONG SHOT
another angle of the BRT station where we see how the BRT station is made suitable even for physically challenged people to access the bus. the boy on the wheel chair goes inside the bus. lines on the BRT bus remain on screen as the bus zooms out fast out of the screen Dedicated BRT lanes meant quicker journeys the line now pans left and forms an aerial shot of the road with one lane of vehicles forming a huge crowd and the other lane has the BRT bus zooming past it. and less time spent stuck in traffic… the road warps itself to form the rim of a clock.The needles are move fast.
from the road!
The bus falls on road before which a line and a station place themselves there. the bus is filled with about 60 cars that fall from the sky into it. giving us one of the most successful systems witnessed by the country! the bus rapid transit , or BRT! bus scene gets transformed in to a photograph that swivels in to before a picture of a newspaper article. CUT TO same scene of the bus where it leaves the space CUT TO EXT.AERIAL SHOT. AHMEDABAD ROAD WITH BRT STATION. Not just that … this one line ensured that the money invested by the government camera follows the line( the BRT line) and its turns and shortens itself to form a piggy bank slot out of which a coin pops out, rotates in air and starts revealing a picture as it moves around the screen built a public transport system that EVERYONE
CUT TO
A system that increased savings The clock rotates in air and changes into a coin that falls on a pile of coins. generated hundreds of jobs pile of coins morph into people and there is fast pan across lots of BRT staff standing AND reduced pollution!! the camera pans up in the air and shows a clear sky with clouds and a warm bright sun. The BRT truly gave back to the community Camera pans down to reveal the same people who were standing in the first shot. A BRT station falls down and they are all standing in it.A BRT bus comes and stops outside the station, covering it fully.and when it goes out of frame…everyone is gone in it. … and THAT’S
the kind of change we are talking about!!
could use.
revealed picture is of a BRT station with lots of people standing and waiting to get inside the BRT. one of the person waiting is a boy on a wheel chair on who's wheel the coin goes
!
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FINAL STORYBOARD
INDIA!. Everybody travels in India, and the majority of them choose the best possible option … PRIVATE VEHICLES!
aye!...khe khe khe!....share karega kya?
aaaaaaaa!!!!
While a few of them think that it is cheaper, better, and more “ahem..! uhhh” sustainable to wait for the bus…
some soon realize that they are WRONG! old man pulls chain.
Time ticks on and … time is money!. haha… Nobody likes to wait forever!
old man nods head, hand comes and drags him out of the frame. swinging by one end of the rick and screaming
So, like i said, NOBODY sticks to their promise of using public transport. screeching off screen sound.....the car comes back in reverse and lowers the window
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so what is YOUR problem?? everyone is HAPP.!..huh! the car lowers the window and the man who had just left starts screaming at the narrator till something catches his eye.
Cars, scooters, rickshaws … brace yourself! ! Another-one joins you in your chaos and misery! camera zooming out starts revealing the congested road. sounds of loud honking, shouting and people coughing.
and you will say… “expand the roads”(O.S) YES! EXPAND THE ROADS! camera starts tilting upwards and we start see the cars moving almost on a never ending road. wherever an empty road is seen... cars start dropping from the sky and filling up the space
and you will say… “expand the roads”(O.S) YES! EXPAND THE ROADS! camera starts tilting upwards and we start see the cars moving almost on a never ending road. wherever an empty road is seen... cars start dropping from the sky and filling up the space
the pattern morphs into the moon
… but it’s still much better than using public transport!
How about a change?? A change that could transform a city’s transport system with something as simple as a line!
and we zoom out to see the same person we left in the start still waiting for the bus to come
camera pans to the left and a huge mallot comes crashing on the bus ( sound of the judges mallot striking the table in court)
Yes! one line that Ahmedabad used in 2009 kite enters the frame from the top left corner and swipes the screen to change the shot.
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................to claim space for buses kite flies out of the. buses jump up in air and swivel and form a line in the centre of the screen while other vehicles shift to the left and right of the screen to form two other lanes.
that could clear over sixty cars from the road shot changes to a line falling in place on the road followed by a BRT station and then a BRT bus.
making it one of the most successful systems ever witnessed by the country, the Bus Rapid Transport..... bus gets filled with about 60 cars which fall into it. Picture turns in to photograph which rotates to become a newspaper article
...or BRT. cut back to the same shot where the bus is leaving. cut to a match cut of a aerial shot of the bus leaving.
This one line ensured that ......... camera follows the line...
the money invested by the government............ the like is like a piggy bank slot. a coin is tossed from inside and camera follows the coin.
the coin spins once in the air and then as it moves along
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built a public transport system....that EVERYONE could use. it moves along the dotted line and fixes itslef on the wheelchair of the guy.
Dedicated BRT lanes meant quicker journeys, and less time spent stuck in traffic‌ and it becomes the aerial shot of a street with BRT system. camera zooms out and the street becomes a clock.
bus moves out and we still follow the line on the side of the bus
A system that increased savings clock spins about and becomes a coin. we follow the coin and it falls on a pile of coins.
generated hundreds of jobs .................AND reduced pollution!! The BRT truly gave back to the community The three piles of coins morph into people camera pans fast across hundreds of people. camera pan slows down and it tilts upwards to show a clear blue sky. camera tilts down again and we are back at the same place with the same 7 people.
and that is the kind of system we are talking about. But this time when the bus comes in.
everybody is gone along with it.
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CHARACTER DESIGN The characters were designed keeping in mind the general public that you see in India. All varieties of people young, old, stylish, etc can be seen waiting to travel everyday at the bus station. I wanted to capture that very essence of people’s daily commute. The three main characters ( the environmentalist or ‘the main guy’ , the office-going guy, the old man) were the ones who would get the longest screen time and were designed first. The main guy is a simple khadi clad environmentalist and stands for days at the bus stop just promoting public transport.
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This is a bored office going guy. He hates to travel using public transport because he is always late to work and his boss hates him for that. Because of constant work stress he is always angry. He cannot afford to travel using private vehicles beacuse fuel is too expensive
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This old uncle can no longer travel using his own private vehicle and he hates to be dependent on his family for going places. So he prefers to go by the bus. But due to the untimely bus service and his aching joints, he oftens ends up either not going or just being forced to use other means of transport.
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FINAL CHARACTERS
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VEHICLE DESIGN
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The vehicles were designed keeping the characters that will use it in main. The turnaround for the vehicles has been done so that it could be used to model the vehicles in maya for the complex CGI shot about which I have written in detail in the later pages.
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FIELD STUDY All the frames are made from field study of Ahmedabad BRT. Every place where the system is mentioned in the film, the elements have been designed to be true to the system. uniform photograph courtesy: Janmarg uniform presentation BRT photograph courtesy: ITDP India.
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COLOUR | MOOD The mood of the film is at first satirical, commenting on the bad public transport system today and after the first half the film takes an inspiring turn where we introduce the Ahmedabad BRT system. The colours and compositions follow the mood and pace of the story. Shown below are the rough treatment frames and colour palettes that was worked out for the film. Frame one is a colourful start to the film where the narrator is introducing how people commute in India. The composition focuses on the group of people and the patterns and colours reminds us of the characteristic indian way of dressing.
night scene where the narrator tells us about the untimely bus services. Frame 4 onwards the colours become bright and saturated with the colour pallete consisting mainly of yellows and warm tones to bring out happy feelings. The narrator then introduces the Ahmedabad BRT system and tell us about all its benefits. The colours chosen were to bring about a sense of merriment in the audience as well as ending the film on a positive note.
Frame two is the shot where the narrator talks of the never ending traffic hence the colour palette consists of greys, desaturated pinks, greens and violets to arouse the morose feelings. Frame three continues the morose colour palette now entering a
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LAYOUTS The images below and following pages show the step by step process of layout creation.
1. pencil sketch 2. digital background painting 2. foreground object added to the background 4. lights and other effects added to form the basic block of the layout
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Ahmedabad photograph texture is added over the basic block. Glow is added to the moon, lights on the buildings and inside the bus. Lastly the background is blurred to keep the focus on the foreground. objects.
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1. pencil sketch 2. digital background painting 3. foreground object overlayed on the background 4. all the characters at the station are added. It has been kept in mind to keep the colour palette of the entire shot as red and to keep only the main guy ( the guy on the wheelchair in blue so as to make him the centre of attention)
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a low opacity paper texture is overlayed over the complete shot except on the main guy. This is done to reduce the stiffess of vector lines, even out the colour pallete and bring focus to the main guy
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1. pencil sketch 2. digitally painted buildings and road are overlayed with photograpaph textures and detailing with a crayon brush 2. background ( sky with scorching hot sun) and kites is added 4.All the vehicles are drawn and added on top of the road.
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a less opacity paper texture is overlayed over the complete shot to reduce the stiffess of vector lines and even out the colour pallete.
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1. pencil sketch 2. digital background paintng 2. foreground object overlayed on the background 4.all the characters at the station are added. It has been kept in mind to keep the colour palette of the entire shot as red and to keep only the main guy ( the guy on the wheelchair in blue so as to make him the centre of attention)
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a less opacity paper texture is overlayed over the complete shot except on the main guy. This is done to reduce the stiffess of vector lines, even out the colour pallete and bring focus to the main guy
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ANIMATION PROCESS The film was mainly animated frame by frame, hand drawn on Adobe Flash. Two main reasons for choosing Adobe Flash as the medium was that 1. Animating on Flash was much easier as it got rid of the laborious tasks of scanning sheets, redrawing and coloring frame by frame. This would help me use the time I saved from the above tasks into making more detailed and finished animation. 2. the vector style that Flash supported, complimented the overall mood of the film.
The opening shot of the movie was the most interesting one to animate as it required animating different characters with contrasting mood, body types and gestures. As Flash cannot handle files that are too large, all the characters were animated to full detail in separate files and then composited together on After Effects. The characters in ink outline were put before everyshot for position reference.
Various techniques were combined while animating. Apart from Flash, some shots were animated on Photoshop (frame-by-frame) and some on After Effects.
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FRAME-BY- FRAME Most of the animation was done frame-by-frame hand-drawn on Flash. Each character was first animated, cleaned up and then coloured all on Flash on top of hand painted Photoshop background. To minimize the stiffness of vector lines, shadows were given by first painting them and then erasely sparcely with a thin brush. Onion skin made the animation feel exactly like animating using a lightbox and little more advanced as the onion skin could reveal just as many number of frames as needed. Symbols were used occasionaly mainly to rotate the wheels of the vehicles as they drove away. One amazing technique that I discovered on flash was the bitmap fill option. Bitmap fill allowed me to fill in actual textures in the drawn characters in the same way flat colors are filled. This helped me accomplish my original idea of using textures to bring out the characteristic indian way of dressing.
Breaking apart the vehicles as they fell down and bounced back to shape was extremely fun to animate. Different parts of the vehicle were kept on different layers and the lasso tool helped select individual parts and position them differenty in each frame to create the motion.
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ANIMATION - CGI One tricky shot which required the animation of about 500 vehicles while the camera was constantly moving was a shot that needed to be worked out meticulously with immense amounts of planning. The shot was finally animated using CGI technique in Maya.
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Five models ( car, rickshaw, scooter, scooty and a bus) were modeled in maya with big help from Dinesh Ram. The models were then textured on photoshop with a thick hand drawn border exactly like the vehicles in the film top left row shows the vehicle models bottom right row shows textured version of the car and the rick.
The sketch made above is the original concept art for the spiral shot. The same shot was recreated in 3d by first modelling a 3d spiral ( the road) and then filling it up with the textured vehicle models. All the vehicles had to be indivially positioned on the spiral. Then a camera was set up on the maya scene and animated to get exactly what was visualised in the animatic.
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COMPOSITING
Since all the shots were done in parts, all of them had to be composited together on After Effects. Hand painted photoshop backgrounds were overlayed with all the layers of animation done on either flash or photoshop. After this, the compositions were laid with hand painted effects done in photoshop. Shadows were added under vehicles to add more depth. a less opacity rough paper texture is overlayed on the final compositions to get rid of the stiffness of vector animation and to get a uniformity in the color palette. On the left is a screen-grab of the compositing work on After Effects.
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SOUND DESIGN Sound design played an extensively large role in the film. At is very nascent stage, the film was visualised with narration, with offscreen audience reaction sounds and very characteristic foley and that is how the final script turned out to be. The mood of the film at first is mocking and satirical, commenting on the bad public transport system today and after the first half the film gets an inspiring turn where we introduce the Ahmedabad BRT system. The narration, sound design and music all had to follow the same. INDIA! ( grand and loud )! birds chirping , cow moos and peacock cry! EVERYBODY( slow and stressful. Emphasized) travels in India, and a MAJORITY of them prefer to choose the BEST(emphasis) possible option … PRIVATE VEHICLES! ( private vehicles -extremely happy and proud like announcing an award) "yeeeaaahhh!!! "! ! While a few of them think that it is cheaper, better, and "ahem..! uhhh" more sustainable to wait for the bus, …! ! "booooooo!!! " " you are gonna wait forever!" " no AC!!!"! ! some soon realize that they are WRONG!! ! (on screen action: …old man pulls the chain…. )! boom ( rickshaw falls down)! .aye! khe khe khe! ( evil shady characteristic laugh) share karega kya? ( has to sound slimy and shady..) old man nods head! …khe khe khe…( same evil shady laugh)! aaaaaa!!! ! birds chirping again! and cows mooing…clock ticking…! ! Time ticks on and … time is money!! boom…( car falls)! haha… Nobody likes to wait forever!! ! cars zooms out of screen.! So, like i said, NOBODY(emphasis) sticks to their promise of using public transport.! ! screecchhh…what is your problem?? everybody is happ,,huh?"! ..interuppted by car honks! ! CARS , SCOOTERS , RICKSHAWS( emphasize every word..like announcing to different groups of a batallion..loud and strong) … BRACE YOURSELF! ! ( loud, and emphasized…like a war announcement ) ANOTHER ONE (empasis) joins you. ANOTHER ONE (empasis) joins you in your chaos and misery! and you will say… “expand the roads” YA! ( like almost roling your eyes with sarcasm) EXPAND THE ROADS! just for it to filled by anyone who cannot afford to lose their time. it’s a long viscious cycle. !
I cannot thank Anuroop Nair ( Voiceover artist bangalore) enough for lending his voice that added the perfect motivating feel to the film like it was imagined. A detailed narration and sound script was written by me at the final storyboard level which was then given to both the voiceover artist (Anuroop Nair) and the sound designer (Nikunj Patel).
… fearful gasps ….! ! … but it’s STILL(emphasis) much better than using public transport!! owl sounds! " boooo!!! " " get a life…no no…get a car you loser" " toollddd ya"! bus ricketing into the screen! !
How about a change?? ( voice changes here from sarcastic to serious)! sound of a court mallot on the judges table ( as the bus is squashed to a line)
(the voice from this part has to sound a serious and not so sarcastic like the first half.)! A change that could transform a city’s transport system with something as simple as a line!! ! Yes! one line (emphasis on both the words ”one and line”) that Ahmedabad used in 2009, to claim space for buses that could clear over 60 ( emphasis ) cars from the road! … (cars fall into the bus)! ! " yeeaahh!"! ! ! giving us one of the most successful systems in the country! ! the bus rapid transit ( slow ,clear and emphasized) , or BRT! ! ! Not just that … this one line ensured that the money invested by the government built a public transport system that EVERYONE (emphasis) could use. (boy on wheel chair goes into the bus)! ! Dedicated BRT lanes meant quicker journeys and less time spent stuck in traffic, … ( aerial view of the bus zooming fast)! ! … a system that increased savings, generated hundreds of jobs AND (emphasis) reduced pollution!!! ! birds chirping again ...! ! The BRT truly gave back to the community ( BRT station falls down…bus comes and everyone is gone) ! ! … and THAT’S (emphasis) the kind of change we are talking about!!! ! !
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REFERENCES
Since ‘Jam’ is like a public infocommercial, studying various other award-winning infocommercial short films proved to be very inspiring. Studying how to put across strong points of the research effectively was very helpful. Also like ‘Jam’ most of these films had a narration over the animation. Studying the kind of voice to choose and what to say helped a lot when the script was being written. The images are stills from various short films that were reffered to for various purposes.
Videos from Giant Ant studios were the most inpiring sources at all the stages of film making. Above stills are from 2 of their videos: Eco-justice ( image one and image 2) and NRDC ( image 3)
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Image 1: The resale right Image 2: NBC peacock Image 3: Gluskette
The two stills above are from a greenpeace animated short film called coal world. The film was one of the greatest inpiration for a different style of infocommercial and the narration style was exalty like the one that was imagined for ‘Jam’
BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS The Street Culture By Apppadurai ITDP publication
WEB REFERENCES www.itdp.org embarq official website streetfilms.org lovehatetravel.co.uk www.annecy.org/archives vimeo.com behance.net
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OTHER WORK AT ITDP
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These were a series of illustrations made to explain the cycle sharing system that is currently in function in Bangalore, . The brief of the project was to design the illustrations in such a way that they would be instantly attractive and should communicate the procedure for cycle sharing very easily.
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CONCLUSION Working on Jam was a very fulfilling experience and I consider myself very lucky for having got a chance to work with an organization that is making path breaking changes in transport systems all over the world to make the world a better place to live in. Animation as a process can be very long and tiring but as your film grows you grow along with it as a person. All the days spent while cracking the concept, or the joy of playing the shot for the first time just after it is animated, going on a completely different tangent while making character explorations or pushing your way through when the computer crashes after a hard days work, gives you an experience that teaches you something new every time. It makes you patient and humble and most importantly gives you the hunger to go ahead and push harder because at the end of the day, finishing what you started is the most satisfying feeling of all.
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SINCERE THANKS ITDP OFFICE Climateworks Christopher Kost Shreya Gadepalli Jamie Osborne Advait Jani Ranga Rohini C Pratik Dave Kumar Manish Ranjendraji Vani
NID Sekhar Mukherjee Prakash Moorthy Pradipto Ray
TECHNICAL ASSISSTANCE Atul Chauhan Sanjiv Shah Rahul Patel Nitesh Bhai
Sayan Chanda Tanvi Kareer Devika Gharge Sharon Monisha Rajkumar Nidhi Singh Rathore Dinesh Ram Ninad Adawadkar Nihar Desai Neerav Doshi Swathi Vishwanath Mathew Jacob Krishna Kumar Menon Karthik Nagarajan Nikunj Patel Jyothi Iyer Mihir Lele Pragun Agarwal Anuroop Nair
Mom Dad Neha Naresh
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