Open Ground: A Comprehensive Studio Project by Kevin Porter

OPEN GROUND A Comprehensive Studio Project Kevin I Porter University of Kansas School of Architecture Design & Planning ARCH 609 - Spring 2011

CONTENTS Contents................................................................3 Introduction...........................................................5

PRE-DESIGN 7 Program Statement ��9 Interviews............................................................. 10 Social Dimensions �� 11 Space Budget. ...................................................... 13 Space Budget breakdown �� 15 Economics. ...........................................................21

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Site Location........................................................ 25 Existing site conditions �� 27 Program...............................................................29 Case Study........................................................... 31 Metaphor..............................................................33 Environmental metrics �� 34 Architectural response �� 35 Program Refinement �� 36 Program allocation �� 37 1st Floor Plan...................................................... 39 2nd Floor Plan �� 41 Schematic Detailing �� 43 Applied Schematics �� 45 Section a-a........................................................... 47 Section b-b........................................................... 49 Night Perspective �� 51 Elevations. ........................................................... 53 Score...................................................................55 Street perspective �� 56 Courtyard perspective �� 57 Building Systems �� 59 Review..................................................................61

Code Analysis....................................................... 64 Exiting Diagram �� 65 Wall Section Evaluation �� 67 Enlarged Plan �� 71 Elevation -East �� 73 Elevation - South �� 75 Exterior Wall Section �� 77

REFERENCE 79 Bibliography......................................................... 81

INTRODUCTION The following publication follows the design process of an architectural studio project. Viewing design less in terms of the finished product but more in terms of methodology of process. With this book I will attempt to represent the course of the semester long studio in linear story. The reader must keep in mind that as the process of design is an extremely complex process that rarely flows in a linear fashion and thus the book is an retrospective interpretation of my process throughout the semester. Open Ground will refer to the metamorphosis of the site from an culturally insignificant parking lot to common meeting ground that gives back to the neighborhood with its community programs and its built environment that is open and clear for all who whish to use.

PRE-DESIGN

PROGRAM STATEMENT

Building upon the traditional ideas of a community center, the Troost Ave. Center will explore the evolution of this typology into a more interactive environment for the neighborhood. Known as a life-craft learning center, it will serve as a place of civic congregation, discussion, refuge and center for learning and improving life skills. It is this resource of life skills that will set this environment apart from the traditional town hall functions. Focusing on skills of personal empowerment such as home and automotive repair, expression of the artistic self and professional development the community center will complement and bolster the existing community resources. Learning will occur not in the traditional sense of top down education but will be personal relationships between the mentor and mentee. It will hold classes as well as provide physical resources of space and equipment. Architecturally the building must be flexible as the programmed elements are not, and have no intention of being strictly defined. At the same time the facilities should be able to adapt and expand for future growth and adaption for unforeseen need in the future. Preliminary special use and sizing are given in the following documents but it is important to note that final iterations will not need to strictly follow the current program guidelines. Further study will be undertaken to refine the program and define proximity requirements. As a best practice the building should be programmed and arranged in the most efficient and flexible manner. A sustainable design process is strongly encouraged in consideration to the expected long lasting presence of the community center. As the building will be considered an icon of the neighborhood it should represent the ideals and aspirations of reconstruction and redevelopment of the neighborhood and its citizens.

INTERVIEWS with community members

What is most beneficial on Troost? Having a place to go to no matter how messed up you are is very important. People on Troost treat everyone like family. (exposure builds trust)

What are the problems on troost? Many people have felonies, small businesses cannot afford the rent on the buildings.

What businesses would be beneficial What is the biggest asset? to have? The people and the community that does Any that are locally owned, ethnic food, exist. Neighbors watching out for other fresh food, hair braiding… neighbors. What is needed here? What is the flavor of Troost? Fresh produce, places you don’t feel like It is always in “ACTION” a criminal going into them, a graffiti wall, roller skating, basketball court, maybe a How diverse is the community? mini- stage There are all different ethnic, social levels and types of religion here. Thoughts on how to make it better? We need a place to just hang out and be What is holding the people back? seen because no one can see each other. There is a lack of trust on the street. There is a thought that politicians and the government are against us, so having a Who is the hardest to help? place to learn new policies would be great. People that are in survival mode. Trans- Having a place where our voices can be portation is a big down fall. Many job heard also. (3rd place) placement opportunities are in Overland Park which is far. Who are “the others”? The others can be referred to as drug dealers that live in Section 8 housing ( Bay Bridge area houses 150,000 people), or could be referring to the rich suburban people What do people need to get them ready for a job? They need transportation, they need to understand they need to keep the job for over a year even if they don’t like it, they also need to learn communication skills. They need a place where they can easily release anger. Nutrition is an issue.

SOCIAL observations DIMENSIONS

THE COMMUNITY ISSUES From the Reconciliation meetings that happen every Thursday of each week, we were able to get a good description of what kind of state Life on Troost is in. In the meeting, they are able to discuss what is going on in each others lives and how to make things better. They start to become accountable to each other as neighbors and a community as a whole. There seems to be a hatred among people on the street where they just are defeating and suppressing each other. Some of the need are to learn ways to get along and help one another. Fred ,is the main guy that was leading the reconciliation course, seemed to not want to take too much charge. He didn’t want the people to be dependant on him but on themselves to make the place better. He is wanting to get people involved and become empowered. The aim of the group is to create joy, and creativity. His goal for the community is to have nodes every mile or so of places where people are able to gather and learn from each other. They would be able to overcome apathy and violence with creativity. They would also learn a “new way to be people” and Troost could become a “new model for the world”. There were desires to have sustainable classes for people on Troost that want to learn different ways to help the environment. One of the women there (Amy) expressed that there seems to be a lack of value on children. Hopefully through valiant efforts to change the community, the mentality of “not in my backyard” or “untouchables” will start to diminish.

THE PROGRAMS OFFERED Small businesses can go through a 1-12 step program where they can get no to little interest loans. There is a company that will fund people from this area a free $4,000 dollar car.( upkeep?) There are over 300 families a day that receive free meals. There is a poo garden that is starting for people to plant things in called the Troost Village Community Garden. There are grants available to get 6mo. of free therapy FESTIVALS The Troost Festival has been described as “organized chaos”. It is an annual event where people around the community come to Troost Ave to celebrate the talent and diversity of the area. The community comes together as one and forgets all of there hard comings at home to celebrate together. It is here that individual people really learn that life is better in community and not alone. The festival draws in many entrepreneurs, businesses, faith groups, organizations, artists and musicians from the surrounding areas. The festival creates a safe, common ground for many to gather and meet other people in their same situation. It is here that people learn from each other and are able to share information. There are dialogues that range in topic from art, community, communications, education, environment, health, justice, resources, science and spirituality. It can also be described as a celebration forum about what is important to the community as people.

ORGANIZATION The organizational structure of personnel within the Troost Ave. Community center will generally follow methodologies and hierarchal structuring of similar facilities throughout the nation. Classified as a non-governmental organization it will most likely be lead by a volunteer board of directors and be staffed by a limited number of full time employees and will rely heavily on volunteers from the greater community to share their time and knowledge. After preliminary project meetings and site visits it was determined that the community center will focus on adult education focusing on young adults wile encouraging interaction among the varying age, genders, socioeconomic groups of the neighborhood. PROVIDED ACTIVITIES Education will focus on teaching and empowering life-skills. This includes guidance on how to get and retain a job, professional etiquette, and Improving computer literacy. Also provided is a resource for learning and implementing technical skills with the goal of furthering individual self reliance by teaching everyday skills such as automotive, home repair, and cooking. These facilities would also be open to people to bring in their projects and use the physical and personal resources of the community center. BUILDING The community center, while viewed as a source of education and learning, will make a clear distinction that it is not a technical college and should not be viewed as a typical school. Philosophically it is important to view learning as a respectful interaction between the mentor and mentee. Architecturally the building must provide for the needs of learning while not specializing and negating future use of the building. It must also address the previously identified needs for greater outreach and connection with the community as a vessel of communication and a neutral ground of discussion.

SPACE BUDGET

Troost Ave. Community Center

Preliminary Space Budget

ARCH 658 Programming and Pre-Design - Exercise 03

Kansas City, MO: Troost & 46th Unit Size Assignable Space Administration Reception Office (open, private, support) Office support/service

1,2,3

(NSF)

Area NSF

Unit(s)

Qty.

Total Area NSF

Grossing Factor

555 120 360 75

120 120 3

1 3 25

120 360 75

1 1 1

Interior Plaza

175

2,625

1.25

CafĂŠ

616

1.50

Reading lounge

450

1.25

Health and Wellness relaxation room educational lounge

35 30

4 20

140 600

2 1

880 280 600

1.25 1.25

1,100 350 750 proximity to physical activities at exterior

Community Rooms Meeting / Classroom-large Meeting / Classroom-medium Meeting / Classroom-small Meeting / Classroom-small Storage

30 30 30 30 9

70 25 12 12 34

2,100 750 360 360 306

1 1 1 1 1

3,876 2,100 750 360 360 306

1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.50

6,350 3,465 1,238 594 594 459

Skills Training Training-Home repair / DIY (workshop) Training-Home repair / DIY (storage) Training-Automotive (workshop) Training-Automotive (storage)

75 50 55 20

20 20 20 20

1,500 1,000 1,100 400

1 1 1 1

8,265 1,500 1,000 1,100 400

1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65

13,433 2,475 1,650 1,815 660

Training-Computer Classroom

700

1.65

1,155

Training -Arts/Crafts/Music Training-Cooking (kitchen)

55 55

20 20

1,100 1,100

1 1

1,100 1,100

1.65 1.65

1,815 1,815

Training-Cooking (classroom)

600

1.65

990

120

360

1.25

450

405

1.50

608

Garden/park

3,000

1.125

Physical Activities

6,000

1.125

Community Commons

Office General Storage

4,768

3,691

Exterior

1,890

Total

28,157 NSF

Non Assignable Space (GSF-NSF) Restrooms (Men and Women) Janitor, mechanical, electrical rooms structure and circulation

10,893 NSF

Total Building Efficiency (NSF/GSF)

39,050 GSF 72%

70 25 12 12 -

person person person person

room, divisible into two rooms classroom classroom classroom

street/parking access Storage and speciality work area street/parking access, 2 cars Storage and speciality work area 25 person Computer Lab and reading lounge with select hard copy materials storage included Learning kitchen, doubles as facility kitchen proximity to kitchen, doubles as dining facility Program manager office, storage: Home Repair, Automotive, Cooking -

meditation and relaxiation, herb and food garden 6,750 50'x94' basketball court

3,375

2,552

1,890 630

Lobby and internal plaza available as gathering space 924 close proximity to kitchen 2-4 computers and hard copy materials, job 563 postings

3,281

10,125

9,000

Leased Space Leasable Retail storefront

1.50 1.25 1.25

Total Area GSF Comments 724 180 1 reception desk seat 450 3 support staff, open office workstations 94 Copy/Fax, Pantry, Storage

1.35

2,552 face of activities taught within center, or leased to local businesses 39,050 GSF

1. Typical Occupancy Loads - Butler, R.B. 1984, Architectural and Engineering Calculations Manual, McGraw-Hill, pp. 27-31. 2. Planning size guidelines - Crosbie, Michael J.; DeChiara, Joseph, 2001, Time Saver Standards for Building Types 4thED, McGraw-Hill, pp. 298-304, 799-805 3. These amounts are not to be confused with the occupancy loads in the Uniform or International Building Codes, which are minimum amounts.

ADMINISTRATION Reception Office Office Support

CENTRALIZED LOBBY Well lit, open functions, easily accessible. Clackamas high school expansion

ACCESSIBLE OFFICE Open and easily accessible to public, connectivity to program functions. Amazon.com Interior Architects

As the community center will have a strong contingent of volunteers it is important to have several people that will provide general oversight. While the staff in the administrative offices can and should contribute to the educational offerings they will also fulfill a crucial role of being the constant face of the community center. With this their location should be central and easily accessible upon entering the community center, especially for the first time visitors.

SPACE BUDGET BREAKDOWN Representational of an area that specifically belongs to nobody in particular or no one function, the commons is a large multidisciplinary space serving as point of informal and impromptu congregation and meetings. It is an amorphic space that serves as circulation, connection, and transition in between all of the functions of the community center.

COMMUNITY COMMONS Plaza cafe reading lounge

WELCOMING Inviting street presence, Open to Public Birmheim forest visitor center William McDonough + Partners

READING LOUNGE Flexible program, variation in scale and texture. Matapan Branch Public Library william rawn associates

CONNECTIVITY A common place of gathering, connection between adjacent functions, open and flexible Lillis Business complex University of Oregon

HEALTH AND WELLNESS relaxation room educational lounge

COMFORTING Fresh and soothing, natural shading, removed from sources of distraction. Paley Park Zion and Breene Associates

TRANQUILITY Mental relaxation, reduction of stimulation, expression of oneself West village residence Caliper studio

Complementing existing programs in local health centers such as the YMCA the wellness functions of the community center will focus more on relaxation and providing areas of mental refuge. These areas do not need to be connected but should be isolated from nosier program areas such as the entry and areas of congregation. Educational areas will allow for distribution of information and connection to activities within the greater community.

SPACE BUDGET BREAKDOWN Research showed that the community needed and COMMUNITY ROOMS desired a wide variety of meeting rooms, In addition 12 person breakout to some of the specific lounges the meeting rooms will 25 person conference vary in size and technical complexity to accommodate 70 person conference groups of varying size and functional need. Sizes will (divisible) vary from small break-out rooms to large subdivided rooms. Rooms should be easily accessible from the central commons and should be semi clustered as to share resources and to be able to be secured separately from the rest of the community center as to provide access to meetings beyond the set hours.

ADAPTABILITY Modularity of room size and interior fittings. Flexibility in architecture to expand for larger events. 41 cooper square

Booker Washington

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Use of day lighting and natural ventilation in a controlled manner. Reduced power consumption. Bailly School Mikou design studio

SKILLS TRAINING Home Repair / DIY Automotive Arts / Crafts / Music Cooking / Nutrition Computer

SPECIALITY Specific tools for the trade, workable environment, lots of workspace and storage. Flexible enough for additional program and use. Blythewood high school columbia, sc

West Buckland school Rundell associates

Encouraging self-reliance and exploration by providing an environment with tools and knowledge that people might not have access to at home. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rooms will be fairly large and specialized to accommodate its programmed functions. They should be clustered together to maximize resource efficiency. Some functions will require direct access to a parking lot/ street or have specific HVAC requirements.

SPACE BUDGET BREAKDOWN Beyond the physicalities of the building the EXTERIOR exterior environment provides opportunity Garden / Park to attract and draw in community mem- Physical Activities bers passing by by being easily visible and accessible from the street. Its function will be flexible and will act as an exterior extension of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;commonsâ&#x20AC;? in that is is a space for congregation, discussion and physical activity. It should thus be located in close proximity to the entrance and commons.

GATHERING Multi-disciplinary space capable of accommodating large crowds in varying function. Accessible for public and private functions. Booker Washington courtyard

VEST POCKET PARK Direct visual and physical access, provides an area of refuge in a busy environment. Humanistic proportions in size and volume. User definable spacial organization through use of moveable furniture and loose program restrictions. Paley Park Zion and Breene Associates SECURITY Enclosure by programmatic elements, easily visible Educational centre alejandro-munoz-miranda

Troost Ave. Community Center

Preliminary Construction Budget

Kansas City, MO: Troost & 46th Assignable Space Administration Reception Office (open, private, support) Office support/service Community Commons

Total Area GSF Comments 724 180 1 reception desk seat 450 3 support staff, open office workstations 94 Copy/Fax, Pantry, Storage

Reading lounge Health and Wellness relaxation room

Lobby and internal plaza available as gathering space 924 close proximity to kitchen 2-4 computers and hard copy materials, 563 job postings

1,100 350 750 proximity to physical activities at exterior

educational lounge Community Rooms Meeting / Classroom-large Meeting / Classroom-medium Meeting / Classroom-small Meeting / Classroom-small Storage Skills Training Training-Home repair / DIY (workshop) Training-Home repair / DIY (storage) Training-Automotive (workshop) Training-Automotive (storage) Training-Computer Classroom Training -Arts/Crafts/Music Training-Cooking (kitchen) Training-Cooking (classroom)

6,350 3,465 1,238 594 594 459 13,433 2,475 1,650 1,815 660 1,155 1,815 1,815 990 450

Office General Storage

1/4 Cost

Med. Cost

3/4 Cost

Location

Multiplier 1

Multiplier1

Multiplier 1

Multiplier 2

91.5 91.5 91.5

119.0 119.0 119.0

154.0 154.0 154.0

1.031 1.031 1.031

Total Cost $22,084 $55,210 $11,502

4,768 3,281

Interior Plaza CafĂŠ

ARCH 658 Programming and Pre-Design - Exercise 03

608

70 25 12 12 -

person person person person

room, divisible into two rooms classroom classroom classroom

107.0

132.0

178.0

1.031

$446,552

107.0

132.0

178.0

1.031

$125,749

107.0

132.0

178.0

1.031

$76,552

107.0

132.0

178.0

1.031

$47,632

107.0

132.0

178.0

1.031

$102,069

107.0 107.0 107.0 107.0 107.0

132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0

178.0 178.0 178.0 178.0 178.0

1.031 1.031 1.031 1.031 1.031

$471,559 $168,414 $80,839 $80,839 $62,466

87.5 87.5 60.0 60.0

127.0 127.0 92.5 92.5

157.0 157.0 128.0 128.0

1.031 1.031 1.031 1.031

$324,069 $216,046 $173,092 $62,943

107.0

132.0

178.0

1.031

$157,186

87.5

127.0

157.0

1.031

$237,651

87.5

127.0

157.0

1.031

$237,651

87.5

127.0

157.0

1.031

$129,628

87.5

127.0

157.0

1.031

$58,922

87.5

127.0

157.0

1.031

$79,544

107.0

132.0

178.0

1.031

$459,311

107.0

132.0

178.0

1.031

$918,621

61.5

82.5

110.0

1.031

$217,024

10,125

Exterior

meditation and relaxiation, herb and food garden 6,750 50'x94' basketball court

3,375

Garden/park Physical Activities

2,552

Leased Space Leasable Retail storefront Total

2,552

face of activities taught within center, or leased to local businesses

39,050 GSF

Note: 1. RS Means. "Building Construction Cost Data." Reed Construction Data, 2007. (pg 806-816.) 2. RS Means. "Building Construction Cost Data." Reed Construction Data, 2010. (Kansas City, Mo)

$5,023,153

ECONOMICS

Cost Adjustments A. Building Cost B. Fixed Equipment

$5,023,153

low 5% Medium 8% High 20%

$401,852

C. Site Development low 5% Medium 10% High 20%

$502,315

D. Total Construction Cost (A+B+C) $5,927,320 E. Site Acquisition and Demolition Site Acquisition $0 Demo. Aprox. xx,xxx SF x $8 $0 F. Movable Equipment

low 5% Medium 10% High 20%

G. Professional Fees

$502,315

$414,912

H. Contingencies low 5% Medium 10%

$592,732

High 15%

J. Administrative Costs

$59,273

K. Total Budget (D+E+F+G+H+J)

$7,496,553

Cost Escalation 4% per Year x 1.5 years 6%

$449,793

$7,946,346 cost/sf $203.49

COST ESTIMATION Once the project has been determined for its function and physical sizing it is now possible to estimate the cost of construction. The preliminary cost estimate for early schematic design will be based upon known and previously established dollars per sq. ft. During the preliminary design the areas of work were established to determine what elements would be renovated and what would be new construction. The cost estimation phase will allow for a double-check of established project goals and re-evaluation of the program may be necessary after completion of the preliminary cost analysis. The first step in estimating cost is to use the previously defined variables of GSF for each assigned space and determine whether the program indicates if the space will be a new or renovated space. Known cost variables of $/sf are multiplied by the determined size and multiplied against a location factor to accommodate for localized building conditions price of material availability and labor costs. These numbers are generally taken from the RSMeans cost estimation median unit cost. As RSMeans is based off of previously built buildings it is important to look at the typology of building in the local and functional context and make necessary cost estimate adjustments per the experience of local contractors and design professionals. In some cases it will be determined that a higher or lower cost index should be used because of overall budgetary or aesthetic considerations set fourth by adherence to the goals and aspirations of the client. LIFE CYCLE COSTS Beyond the initial cost of construction the continued cost of operation of the building must play a critical role during design. The initial capital cost of a building can be as low as 10-15% of the buildings overall life cycle cost (Kirk and Spreckelmeyer) when considering that a buildings “life” will vary from 25-40 years. It is important to consider design decisions that account for the fact that this building will more than likely be used for a much longer duration than its commercial counterparts. The majority of the buildings total “cost” will be consumed by electrical requirements and the cost of salary for staffing the building. To reduce these costs energy efficient design should be considered a best practice, government grants are readily available for implementing strategies to reduce energy consumption, this should help offset the initial cost of higher priced electrical management techniques (NASEO). Building flexibility and program efficiency into the design will be an important architectural element as they can reduce the need for additional staff from the start of the building life (AIA). Through the efficient use of planning and design the Troost Ave. Community center is a reasonably priced new construction building that will offer a much-needed expansion to its current programming and architectural capabilities of the neighborhood in accordance with previously defined aspirations of the local community and civic leaders. The community center can be funded through a variety of possible grants, donation, and bonds.

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

TROOST AVE.

SITE LOCATION

Commercial / Light Industrial (Existing) Residential (Existing) Site

BRUSH CREEK BLVD.

Commercial Development (Future) Residential Development (Future) N

Artifacts Architectural remnants Improper Context Suburban style strip retail

Excessive Paving Little water infiltration Contaminates water runoff Under-utilized Lots Prime real estate No building or landscaping Mono-culture lawn Corner Major thoroughfare (Troost) to downtown Kansas City Zoned for multiple uses

EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS

Site Location N. Troost Ave. & Brush Creek Blvd.

Neighborhood Adjacent to residential and mixed use business

Bioswale Landscaping Recent addition - not mature On Brush Creek Blvd. only

PROGRAM

The program represents a strong reinterpretation of the given functions. Through analysis and research of the program, the local site conditions and the social context, it was determined that the stated program was representational of what was needed but lacked the subtitles of context. With this, the program began to break down in scale and definition. Democratizing education Education with adults is a two way street and it is more indicative of a conversation where the student and the teacher view themselves as equals with both bringing something to the conversation. The functions of the 5 rooms now become a mixture of 3 larger rooms and a collection of several smaller rooms and undefined space the will blend into what will be called the commons. Body –Healthy lifestyle Home – Life skills Means – The automobile is the connection to get where you need Spirit – Social/political awareness and communication Chance encounter Education of the mind is complemented by a creating a resource for the community to come together and congregate and meet in an informal manner. Additional research showed that the community desired neutral ground for discussion and discourse. Community –where people can meet, talk, learn. 3rd Place – meeting in neutral ground Activity – To view and observe the going on’s of the neighborhood, to also be seen. Permanence Through the analysis and reinterpretation of the program the architectural form will follow. The rooms vary in size and complexity, they respond to the non-uniform needs of the community’s aspirations for the programmed functions. While rooms will vary in size they will also vary in their definition of permanence, it is expected that they will change over time in unforeseen functions. With that the building retains only clear definition of permanence within its core and shell. Architecturally the building will remain open and responsive to the flow of people and their desire for self-betterment.

Columbia University, NY Diana Center Visually Expressed Program Transparency

Exeter School, MO Multi-use space Enveloping Structure Visual Definition

Archinger House Adaptable - Adjustable skin Visual Definition

Refined precedent studies with design interpretations. CASE STUDY

Oberlin College, OH Bibbins Hall processional stair courtyard-lounge relation organizational simplicity

Columbia College, IL Media Production Center Stair Gathering Community commons Street Presence Visual Identity Program interconnection Impromptu meeting

Obscured Identity Visual treasures Seclusion Mystery

The Canyon Sequential experience Exploration The Grotto / Cave

The Boulder Field Defined objects Object connection

The Forest Layers Cover Permeable & Open Greek Stoa

symbolic and representative of a singular idea METAPHOR The Gateway Definition of Entrance Progression from area to area Hierarchy

A Icon Visual definition Visual hierarchy Cultural significance

Expression Portrayal of definition Growth & Expansion

Modular Grid Structure Expandable Replaceable

ENVIRONMENTAL METRICS Wind Rose Moderate wind conditions with a tendency to blow from the south in strong storms.

WIND ROSE PLOT:

NORTH

Kansas City, MO WIND SPEED (mph) 25%

>= 20.0 20%

15.0 - 20.0 10.0 - 15.0

15%

5.0 - 10.0

10%

1.0 - 5.0

5% WEST

Calms: 0.00% EAST

AVG. WIND SPEED:

10.33 mph

SOUTH

Solar Diagram 750 Summer Solstice 270 Winter Solstice Wide variation in seasonal flux of solar irradiation.

Monthly Averages Moderate temperature swing Primary cooling climate Moderate rain/snow fall

gaisma.com

ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE

Environmental Optimize solar penetration negligible wind

Civic Give-Back Exterior seating Public plaza

Courtyard Inner Sanctuary Hidden views

Flow Pedestrian movement Automotive movement Pathways Icon

PROGRAM REFINEMENT Stated Program 10 classrooms Community Meeting Room

Program Interpretation Informalized meeting areas Well defined workshops Less defined classrooms

EDUCATION

COMMUNITY

CORE

MIND HAND

CONNECT

DETAILS • ADULT “LIFE-CRAFT” LEARNING • 30,000 - 40,000 S.F.

EDUCATE

COMMUNITY

WORKSHOP

COMMONS

HOME

LEARN

BODY

MEET

MEANS

CORE

DE-FORMALIZATION OF SPACIAL REQUIREMENTS • INFORMAL CONGREGATION +GATHERING 3RD PLACE (NEUTRAL GROUND) COMMUNITY ACTIVITY (LIVELINESS) • DEMOCORIZING EDUCATION LIFE SKILLS JOB SKILLS POLITICS HEALTH SOCIAL AWARENESS COMMUNICATION

LEARN

Program Interaction Functional adjacencies Spatial definitions

COMPLEX SOCIAL / PROGROMATIC INTERACTIONS

ORDER AND FLEXIBILITY

NECESSITATE

Site Development

DEFINED PROGRAM

SITE CONSTRAINTS

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MM RO UN OM ITY

ST OR

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ST OR

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MM RO UN OM ITY

PROGRAM ALLOCATION

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2ND FLOOR 13825SF

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LOWER LEVEL 8650SF

STORAGE

STOR.

CLASS ROOM CLASS ROOM

KITCHEN

STOR. GARAGE STOR. STAIR #4

PANTRY JC. UP

LOUNGE

STAIR #3

MECH.

DN UP

COMPUTER LAB

LOUNGE

STAIR #2 MENS

WOMENS COURTYARD SEATING

ADMIN. OFFICE

MEETING ROOM

STAIR #1 UP

LOBBY

LOUNGE SERVICE MTG.

MTG. PLAZA

MTG. LOUNGE

PLAZA

MTG.

ST OR

CL A RO SSOM

ST OR

MM RO UN OM ITY

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EXTERIOR PATIO

COURTYARD

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Courtyard Strong southern orientation, open to for solar penetration. Retreat and Sanctuary

Pockets Overhanging meeting rooms Frame Interior room architecturally framing exterior environment

Fold The exterior becomes a folded concrete structure, expressing and embracing the materiality and structural quality of concrete. Should the massing stay representative of the core functions only?

SCHEMATIC DETAILING

Mass Wall Facade Study

Skin Cladding to complement and contract mass of wall below

Skylights To provide natural light for workshop, visual aesthetics to relate to angular forms throughout 43

Formation Architectural metaphor and study of rock formations to derive interconnection of building functions. To provide multiple uses and a break down implied architectural functions. (roof-wall-seat)

Transition Visually connects and joins the interior and exterior. 44

APPLIED Detail exploration of concrete massing SCHEMATICS

Fold The exterior becomes a folded concrete structure, expressing and embracing the materiality and structural quality of concrete.

Sightline Reinforcement of axis with exterior visual amenities.

Commons Furniture based open areas for meeting and gatherings.

Lobby Double story space blends the functions of welcoming and open meeting for impromptu conversations. Stair doubles as seating for congregating and viewing of lectures and performances.

Cutting: North-South, Looks: East SECTION A-A

Fenestration Perforated metal panels shade the majority of the double height curtain wall, reducing solar gain. Courtyard Reduced building height on the southern perimeter maximize light penetration to the interior courtyard.

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Lobby Double story space blends the functions of welcoming and open meeting for impromptu conversations. Stair doubles as seating for congregating and viewing of lectures and performances. Edge Break down of definition between interior and exterior Alcove Personal meeting spaces Continuity Circulation paths maintain strong directionality with an emphasis on visual framing

Cutting: East-West, Looks: North SECTION B-B

Pocket Personal meeting space overhanging courtyard.

Courtyard An ecological oasis within urban context to provides a calm and relaxed environment.

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NIGHT Corner of Troost Ave & Brush Creek Blvd. PERSPECTIVE

Troost Ave.

ELEVATIONS

Brush Creek Blvd.

Pivot The building has a high degree of site impact along Troost Ave and the corner becomes a transition point where the sitework becomes less expected and more experimentational. Rest As the building recedes, it creates â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;pocketsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; within its facade that give back street front real estate back to the community. These areas are landscaped to encourage occupying of the newly defined space. Intrigue A breakdown in the building mass allow for a visual understanding of the connection of the street through the building to the inner courtyard. 54

SCORE The following diagram is an interpretation of the flow of the environment around and through the building. It is analogous of time and the impact of nature on the built environment.

STREET PERSPECTIVE Shading Perforated metal panels reduce direct solar gain. Visually decomposes the formality of its modular structure. Panels are removed in key areas such as the ground level to allow for visual connectively between the interior and exterior.

Recessed Pocket parks blur the boundary of the facade between what is an interior / exterior function. Vegetation Reinforces the blend of interior and exterior functions. Reduces site impact through use of less paving. Projection Visually framing the interior meeting rooms projects their intended function while landscaping is used to reduce the psychological perception of the fish-bowl effect. 56

COURTYARD PERSPECTIVE

Views Interior rooms look onto courtyard for gathering light and aesthetics.

Planting Raised garden beds allow for cultivation of produce, this can tie in with classes on health & wellness education. Vegetation Provides opportunity to educate about environmental awareness. Helps mitigate site water runoff, provides shade to people and exterior glazing. Seating Sculptural walls double as informal seating. 57

BUILDING SYSTEMS Interior constructed primarily of Gyp. Bd. and CMU where required by function. Enclosure constructed primarily of CMU Block. Fenestration Glass curtain walls, inset/flush window assemblies, and punched openings. Skin solid and perforated metal panels.

Core Poured in place concrete of finish quality. Shell Precast concrete and insulation to match core.

Slab Poured Concrete over metal pan decking.

Circulation Stairs, both ceremonial and exiting, and a freight sized elevator.

Structure Heavy Steel

Foundation Full basement for storage and mechanical systems, foundation and slab on grade for remainder.

HVAC Centralized air for heating and cooling. Individual units for workshops and kitchen 59

Expand upon material representation and articulation of concrete. Explore how concrete wraps and folds onto the floor or is manipulated to create objects within.

WHAT COMES TO MIND Explore how the concrete wraps around and through the building. Continue to study not just how the concrete wraps through the building in relationship with programmatic elements but also how it is articulated in section. On the exterior it is like the concrete creates a ‘new site.’ The design is strong in plan. Its permeability and depth are interesting Enjoy the articulation of the plan, the breakdown of programmatic elements in multiple scales, location and function. “Solid Project”

Comments per interim review on 3.16.2011 REVIEW

LIFELINE As â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;urbanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; as the city might be, the automobile is still a lifeline to this society. The focus on the automotive and computer labs should actually be amplified. Functions like the shop and the garage could use more separation, to isolate disruptive nature of their functions from the rest of the building.

Narrow Corridor to create a distinct divide into the workshop wing of the building.

MEETING In urban environments the corner plays a important role as an area of congregation. To be observe and to also be seen With this the corner could be an exterior element. Exterior spaces are good for meetings where people do not wish to go inside but simply want a place to sit and talk. The corner should be an outward gesture, Adjust programmatic arrangements. Enter off of to give back to the community. corner with corner area of congregation. COURTYARD Sense of protection and privacy. A good morning park, (morning coffee.) While it is very pleasing the courtyard may be too sculptural. Explore how to make the space less Open up courtyard functions. defined and more user-definable. More smaller objects that are in themselves less explicitly defined in their function but are easily adaptable.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

CODE ANALYSIS Kansas City, MO 2011 Kansas City Zoning and Development Code

International Building Code 2006

ZONING

Use: B3-2 Community Business (88-120-02) Maximum building height: None (Table 120-2) Minimum front setback: None (Table 120-2) Minimum rear setback: 30’ per residential adjacency (Table 120-2) Maximum floor area ratio: None (88-120-05) Storm water management best practices: use of bio-swell. (88-425-02) (1) Tree planting per 30’ of street frontage (88-425-03)

BUILDING INFORMATION

Use and Occupancy Classification: B-Business Type of Construction: II-B (non-combustible, unprotected) (Table 601) Exterior Walls: 1-hr (Table 602) Party Wall: 3-hr (Table 705.4) Building Size Permitted Actual (Table 503) Height (feet): 55 34 Number of Stories: 4 2 Sq ft. / floor: 23,000 13,825 Total Area: 30,600

ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW

Fully Sprinklered (per 903.3.1.1) No. of accessible exits required: 2 (1019.1) Max exit travel distance: 300ft. (Table 1016.1) Max distance between exits 84ft. No. of stairs required: 2 Distance between stairwells, not less than 1/3x diagonal per sprinklered building: 70’ Dead end corridor max: 50ft. (1017.3) - None Common path of travel max: 100ft (1014.3) - None

ENERGY CONSERVATION REVIEW Climate Zone: 4a Glazing percentage: 40% R-Values of insulating assemblies Roof: R-45 Wall: Rain Screen R-32, Massing R-23 Foundation: R-26

PLUMBING REVIEW

Toilet Fixtures per floor: (Table 2902.1) Provided: 2M / 2F Accessible: 1M / 1F Drinking Fountain (per floor): 1 Service Sink (per floor): 1

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PHYSICAL WALL SECTION 1/2”=1’-0”

Kansas City, MO IBC Climate Zone 4A Cooling / Heating Higher Humidity

WALL SECTION EVALUATION PRINCIPLE The following wall section is of commercial grade construction for a business occupancy. This section illustrates areas of the building that combine a solid+perforated metal panel rain screen cladding and a concrete massing wall on the ground level. Both wall types will show clear definitions and separation of cladding, control layers and the structure. CURTAIN WALL As this wall is predominately west facing, the % openings is kept to a minimum, allowing only several punched openings. It is constructed as a rain screen where the metal panels primary function is to shield only the majority of the elements. The insulation is located exterior of the vapor barrier to allow for exterior condensation. MASSING WALL A precast concrete panel provides durability and desired aesthetics. To accommodate the reduced space allowance for insulation a foil faced polyisocyanurate insulation is used. A reinforced concrete structure supports the upper level steel skeleton and also provided a thermal mass to regulate temperature swings.

WALL SECTION 1/2”=1’-0” ROOFING R-45 Gravel Ballast Water proof membrane 9” Rigid thermal insulation R-45 Vapor barrier

STRUCTURE 6” concrete on metal pan Steel beam, girder, column

WINDOW R-3 Aluminum window assembly R-3 Metal Flashing to match wall

CURTAIN WALL Metal Wall Panel Support Structure Air Gap 6” Rigid thermal insulation Vapor Barrier Exterior sheathing Metal stud framing Interior Gyp Bd

MASSING WALL 3” precast concrete panel 6” Foil-faced thermal insulation Vapor Barrier 12” reinforced concrete wall

R-32

R-30 R-.75 R-.75 R-.5

R-23 R-.5 R-21.75 R-1

Foundation R-26 Exterior landscaping Concrete composite panel 5” rigid thermal insulation R-25 Vapor barrier 12” reinforced concrete wall R-1

SIMILAR

REFERENCE

PRE-DESIGN AIA. Architect’s Knowledge Resource. 2010. <http://www.aia.org/akr/>. AIA Best Practices. Planning for Concealed Site Conditions. 2007 - March. AIA, CSI Albert R. Russell. <http://www.aia.org/aiaucmp/groups/ek_members/documents/pdf/ aiap016642.pdf>. AIA-NCARB. Emerging Professional’s Companion. 2009. <http://www.epcompanion. org/programming/>. Altschul, David. “Troost Avenue: a Study in Community Building.” Central Missouri State University, 2005. Architizer.com - Cultural Center. <http://www.architizer.com/en_us/projects/?search% 5Btype%5D%5B1%5D%5B1%5D=1&search%5Bextended_option%5D=1&sf=Cultur al+Center>. Butler, R.B. Architectural and Engineering Calculations Manual. McGraw-Hill, 1984. CDBG. CDBG Documents, Applications and Forms. 2010. <http://www.kansascommerce.com/Communities/CDBGprogram/CDBGDocumentsApplicationsandForms/ tabid/235/Default.aspx>. Crosbie, Michael J. and Joseph DeChiara. Time Saver Standards for Building Types 4thED. McGraw-Hill, 2001. Department of Justice. “ADA Standards for Accessible Design.” 28 CFR Part 36, 1994. GSA. “Facilities Standards for the Public Buildings Service.” U.S. General Services Administration, 2005. Fine, Janice. Worker centers: Organizing communities at the edge of the dream. 2005. <http://www.epi.org/publications/entry/bp159/>. Geographic Information System. 1995-2010. ESRI. <http://www.gis.com>. Kirk, Stephen J. and Kent F Spreckelmeyer. “Life-Cycle Costs.” Enhancing Value in Design Decisions. n.d. 104-137. NASEO. “ A State Guide to Financing, Benchmarking, Retro-commissioning, and Combined Heat and Power .” National Assosication of State Energy Officials, 2004. Painter, Schoch. Field observations. 12.04.2010 Painter, Schoch. Interview of Troost Ave. Residents. 12.04.2010 RS Means. “Building Construction Cost Data.” Reed Construction Data, 2007. 647, 656, 662, 757-766. The Center on Halstead. Building Design & Information. 2007. <http://www.centeronhalsted.org/cohbuildingdesign.html>. Troost Festival. 2010 <http://troostvillage.org/>. 80

UC-Berkeley. Center for the Built Environment. <http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/>.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Wikepedia. Troost Avenue. 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troost_Avenue>. YMCA. Our Focus - Healthy Living. 2010. <http://www.ymca.net/healthy-living/>. SCHEMATIC DESIGN Architect Magazine. Multiple articles and Issues. Print & Electronic copy. Architectural Record. Multiple articles and Issues. Print &Electronic copy. Detail Magazine. Multiple articles and Issues. Print. Kwok, Alison G. The Green Studio Handbook. Architectural Press, 2007. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT International Code Council. International Building Code. International Code Council, 2006. National Institute of Building Sciences. Whole Building Design Guide. 2010. <http:// www.wbdg.org/design/>. Books of Interest / Currently Reading Ball, Philip. Critical Mass: How One Thing Leads to Another. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2004. Print. Fried, Jason, and David Heinemeier. Hansson. Rework. New York: Crown Business, 2010. Print. Kieran, Stephen, and James Timberlake. Refabricating Architecture: How Manufacturing Methodologies Are Poised to Transform Building Construction. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004. Print. Lawson, Bryan. How Designers Think: the Design Process Demystified. Oxford: Elsevier/Architectural, 2006. Print. Mau, Bruce, and Jennifer Leonard. Massive Change. London: Phaidon, 2004. Print. McDonough, William, and Michael Braungart. Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. New York: North Point, 2002. Print. Tanizaki, Junʼichirō. In Praise of Shadows. Rutland, VT: Tuttle Publ., 2008. Print.

Websites of Interest asknature.org archdaily.com architizer.com bldgblog.blogspot.com blueprintmagazine.co.uk colourlovers.com core77.com designboom.com designmilk.com deviantart.com dezeen.com dwell.com economist.com fastcompany.com ffffound.com good.is inhabitat.com juxtapoz.com metropolismag.com mocoloco.com notcot.com nytimes.com seedmagazine.com ted.com todayandtomorrow.net troxel.com wallpaper.com

THANK YOU FOR READING ©2011 Kevin I Porter kevin.porter.inbox@gmail.com Made on a Mac  Digital Model: Rhino4+Vray Line Drawings: AutoCAD Graphics: Adobe Illustrator+Photoshop Layout: Adobe InDesign Size: 8.25”x10.75” Font: Helvetica 10pt Printed via magcloud.com ARCH 609 A Comprehensive Studio Project University of Kansas School of Architecture Design & Planning