Approaches to Responsive Design & Development January 21, 2013
What is Responsive Design? • An approach to web design in which a site is crafted to provide an optimal viewing experience – easy reading and navigation with a minimum of resizing, panning, and scrolling – across a wide range of devices (Wikipedia) • Ethan Marcotte, A List Apart, Responsive Web Design (May 25, 2010) • No longer a ‘luxury’
Elements of Responsive Design • Fluid Grids & Fluid Layouts • Media Queries • Flexible Images/Media • Responsive Menus • Flexible type
Fluid Layouts • Benefits vs. fixed-width layout; drawbacks • Target / Context = Result
Fixed-Width (based on pixels)
Fluid Layout (based on %’s)
Fluid Grids • Typically 12 or 16 columns with column width and gutters based on %’s • Example:
Using Fluid Grids • 1140gs – cssgrid.net (PSD template included) • Foundation by Zurb (framework) • Twitter Bootstrap (framework) • Use 12/16 column PSD template when creating mockup
Media Queries • Placed in stylesheet (can also use Javascript detection) • Looks at the capability of the device and checks for: • Width & Height of browser window • Orientation • Resolution
• http://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/media-queries-for-standard-devices/ • http://nmsdvid.com/snippets/
Media Query Example @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { #primary-nav {display:none;} #responsive-nav {display:block;} } • Example: RoomTemp • Concept of ‘breakpoints’
Media Query Breakpoints • Browser widths that have a media query declaration to change the layout once the browser is within the declared range • 320 px — Mobile portrait • 480 px — Mobile landscape • 600 px — Small tablet • 768 px — Tablet portrait • 1024 px — Tablet landscape/Netbook • 1280 px & greater — Desktop
Flexible Images & Media img, embed, iframe { Max-width:100%; Height:auto; }
• http://css-tricks.com/video-source-by-screen-size/ Different videos depending on screen size and device • http://retinajs.com/ - Retina Images
Responsive Menus • Full Horizontal • Select Box (ex. RoomTemp) • Custom Dropdown (ex. Daystar) • Off Canvas
• http://css-tricks.com/responsive-menu-concepts/
Flexible Typography • Set body to font-size:100% / 1em (16px) • Base all fonts relative to the base font size, so a 32px H1 would be 2em (32 / 16 = 2) • This makes it easy to adjust all typography with a single media query, changing the body font-size up or down • PxtoEm.com • CSS3 rems (based off HTML element, no nesting)
Responsive Frameworks • Based around a fluid grid (except Skeleton); some contain user interface elements and additional features • Skeleton • Twitter Bootstrap • Zurb Foundation • 1140 CSS Grid
Advantages of Frameworks • Basic media queries & responsiveness done for you • Cross-browser tested • Rapid protoyping; grid template provided for designing • Drawbacks: learning curve, lots of markup, can be tough to create highly custom designs
Helpful Plugins • CSS3-Mediaqueries.js (support for media queries on IE8 and below) • Retina.js (serve up high res images) • Fittext.js (scalable headlines) • FlexSlider (responsive slider) • FitVids.js (fluid video embeds)
Hacking Responsive Wordpress Themes • Inspect the behavior of the site • Look at the media queries • Determine if they are using a framework…learn how to incorporate that • Example: Teamate.us