KEZIAH CAHYA VIRDAYANTI
DESIGN & OTHER WORKS
ONLINE MOTORCYCLE (OJOL) SHELTER DOMAIN PERSONAL/WORK TEAM/INDIVIDUAL STATUS
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TRANSPORTATION ARCHITECTURE WORK (MRT JAKARTA) INDIVIDUAL ONGOING
OJOL AS FIRST-MILE LAST-MILE TRANSIT MODE
WHAT: Ojol is abbreviation of Ojek Online. Ojek itself is a popular microtransit mode in South East Asia, and in Indonesia since 1960. HOW: motorbike owner pick up and drop off the passenger from and to their desired destination. Ojol is a technology disruption to the whole traditional ojek market, by connecting idle ojek driver to potential passenger through ride hailing app.
WHO: Ojol in Indonesia is operated by two decacorn startup, Gojek and Grab.
The ‘first and last-mile’ (FMLM) is a term that describes the beginning and end of an individual’s public transport journey. Usually, after traveling on public transport, we need to walk, or take a second mode of travel to reach our final destination.
First Mile
Public Transit
Last Mile
Total Trip
MRT Station
Currently there are multiple FMLM modes in MRT Jakarta. However, based on passenger survey in 2019, Ojol is the most frequently used FMLM by MRT passenger (22%)
MRT Station
Bus Microbus Ojol
Bike
WHY OJOL SHELTER? As Ojol is the most frequently used FMLM transit by MRT passengers (22%), there are a lot of pick up and drop off activities around stations. However, there are no separate spaces (yet) for this activity, therefore, pick up and drop off activities of ojol often causes traffic disruption around stations.
FMLM preference of MRT Jakarta passengers
PROBLEM STATEMENT: Where should we put shelter ojol? Which features should we include? What will the design be like? Ojol activities that cause traffic disruption around stations
WHO SHOULD PROVIDE? STAKEHOLDER MAPPING Own
Ojol Operator Operate
Ojol
Coordinate
Government
MRT Operator Create
Operate
MRT
LAW & REGULATION Law
Regulate Regulate
However, these laws only state that Ojol Driver must do pick up and drop off off the road, to not disrupt the traffic. The laws do not state which of these stakeholders (Government, MRT Operator, or Ojol Operator) that should be responsible for Ojol Shelter around MRT Station.
• • • •
Transportation Ministrial Decree 32/2016 Transportation Ministrial Decree 26/2017 Transportation Ministrial Decree 117/2018 Transportation Ministrial Decree 12/2019
URBAN DESIGN GUIDELINE (UDGL) ST. FATMAWATI
(MRT Jakarta, 2017)
WHERE SHOULD WE PUT THE SHELTER? According to laws on Ojol, MRT (or other public transit operator) is not mandated to provide Ojol shelter. However, there are regulations that mandate MRT Jakarta to manage the area & traffic around the MRT stations, which are: Regulation
These 2 documents provide guideline on where we should put the Ojol Shelter LEGEND
Title
Related Content
Governor Decree 140/2017
MRT Jakarta assignment as MRT Jakarta is entitled to produce TOD coordinator around MRT & implement Urban Design Jakarta Phase 1 stations Guideline (UDGL) for TOD area around MRT stations
Transportation Ministrial Decree 25/2015
Traffic Impact Analysis Requirement
Ojol pick up / drop off area
Traffic Impact Analysis (ANDALALIN) must be conducted for construction project that could affect the traffic
SHELTER LOCATION = UDGL + ANDALALIN + SURVEY! TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS (ANDALALIN) ST. FATMAWATI
(Dishub, 2019)
We conduct site survey to confirm the land availability. For example, in Fatmawati Station, only 1 shelter location that is also within available land.
WHICH FEATURES SHOULD WE INCLUDE? ACTIVITY TO BE ACCOMMODATED
BUSINESS VIABILITY All available locations are existing shophouse buildings consist of 3 – 4 floors:
Pasenger pick-up and drop-off area, the main purpose of Shelter Ojol
Parking area and driver rest area, to wait for incoming order, considering MRT headway of 5-10 minutes
Other supporting activities, for example toilet, phonecharging area, dining area, community area, etc.
MINIMUM HUMAN DIMENSION
Standing up, 0.6 m x 0.6 m (Adult), 0.5 x 0.5 m (Chidlren)
As Ojol main activities (pick-up, drop-off, parking) can only happen on the 1st floor, the 2nd floor onward would be vacant; but we cannot only buy/rent the 1st floor. Therefore, we need to rent out the remaining floors, but traditional restaurant, store, or office won’t be appealing since we take the parking spaces. So, we propose Grab&Go food stall, also to support food delivery activity for Ojol.
Sitting, 0.4 – 0.5 x 0.4 – 0.5 m
Motor parking, 1.5 – 2.3 m x 0.5 – 1 m
CONCLUSION! 1st Floor for Ojol main activities, 2nd floor onwards for Grab&Go restaurant.
CONCEPT DESIGN
DESIGN CONCLUSION Green and blue are MRT corporate color.
ST. LEBAK BULUS EXISTING SITE
The design is typical to strengthen identity of Shelter Ojol facility, and to minimize budget.
CONCEPT DESIGN
11 Motor parking capacity, 6 Food vendor stall
ST. HAJI NAWI EXISTING SITE
The original structure of the building remains intact to minimize budget.
The rest of the floors are rented for Grab&Go food vendor
Ground floor is prioritized for parking and pick-up drop-off
24 Motor parking capacity, 12 Food vendor stall
DESIGN CONCLUSION Green and blue are MRT corporate color.
ST. BLOK M EXISTING SITE
The design is typical to strengthen identity of Shelter Ojol facility, and to minimize budget.
CONCEPT DESIGN
12 Motor parking capacity, 7 Food vendor stall
The problem is lack of space for Ojol activity with budget constraint. Therefore, the solution is more functional rather than aesthetical.
CONCEPT DESIGN
ST. BLOK A EXISTING SITE
The original structure of the building remains intact to minimize budget.
The rest of the floors are rented for Grab&Go food vendor
Ground floor is prioritized for parking and pick-up drop-off
44 Motor parking capacity, 18 Food vendor stall
Customization on wall through painting / mural to strengthen the company identity.
SHELTER PRIORITIZATION Criteria that will be used to determine the priority of Shelter Ojol are: 1. Urgency: station’s average daily passenger 2. Cost: cost of shelter rent and construction 3. Compliance: compliance with shelter location as stated in ANDALALIN
URGENCY
Ideally, the shelter should be built around all MRT station to provide adequate transit for passenger, however, with budget restriction, we must prioritize which shelter to build first. In total there are 13 MRT stations, but for this purpose I would only rank four stations as stated previously (St. Lebak Bulus, St. Haji Nawi, St. Blok M, St. Blok A). No
Criteria
Score Basis
Poor < 5,000
1
Urgency
50%
Station’s average daily passenger
2
Cost
35%
3
Compliance
15%
Cost of rent and construction Compliance with location on ANDALALIN
Moderate 5,000 10,000
Good > 10,000
>1M
800 – 1M REDACTED
< 800 jt
Far (> 100 m)
Close ( < 100 m)
Same location
COST
12.755
AVERAGE DAILY RIDERSHIP
Cost (Rp) Construction
8.549
Rent/year
PASSENGER
Weight
TOTAL
2.413
2.222
HAJI NAWI
BLOK A
Good
Poor
Poor
Final score: Weight x Class score
FINAL RANK Station Haji Nawi Blok A
Lebak Bulus
Blok M
272,396,755
659,082,000
781,890,600
459,585,300
450,000,000
REDACTED 450,000,000 450,000,000
520,000,000
722,396,755
1,109,082,000
979,585,300
Score
LEBAK BULUS
Class score: Poor (8); Moderate (16); Good (25)
COMPLIANCE
Good
1,231,890,600
Poor
Poor
Moderate
The map shows shelter location as recommended by the regional government through ANDALALIN.
1. Lebak Bulus (23.65) 2. Blok M (17.35)
3. Haji Nawi (10.55) 4. Blok A (8)
BLOK M
Moderate Lebak Bulus Moderate
Haji Nawi Good
Blok A Poor
Blok M Good
The sum of the final score of each category determines that Lebak Bulus shelter should be prioritized.
MRT JAKARTA WAYFINDING SYSTEM DOMAIN PERSONAL/WORK TEAM/INDIVIDUAL STATUS
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ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN ARCHITECTURE WORK (MRT JAKARTA) TEAM COMPLETED
WAYFINDING: MOVE THEM TO THE RIGHT PLACES WHY WAYFINDING IN MRT? WHAT IS WAYFINDING? Wayfinding as a term was first coined by Kevin Lynch in his book The Image of The City, which is “…the process of forming a mental picture of one’s surroundings based on sensation and memory”. As a discipline, wayfinding lies at the intersection between people and places. (David Gibson, The Wayfinding Handbook). In that sense, much of the principle of wayfinding is also applicable to another surface, such as website, app, or other tangible product. Likewise, Donald Norman, the father of UX, encapsulates the role of these designs perfectly through his book The Design of Everyday Things:
To guide passenger to their destination quickly, efficiently, and intuitively.
QUICK
EFFICIENT
“The operation of products and spaces should be self-evident, humane, and intuitive.”
INTUITIVE
Passengers always want to leave on the earliest train they could get. Confusing (or lack of) wayfinding could hinder them from reaching their destination ASAP. Human brain can only process small amount of information at a time. Hence, we should provide only the information people need at the moment, not excessively all at once. In UX, this is called Progressive Disclosure. Similar with UX principle as described by Don Norman, good wayfinding shouldn’t make people think; it should be intuitive, so that even tourist can navigate on their own easily.
SIGNAGE & WAYFINDING Signage is the most commonly used media to inform users about existing wayfinding system. Signage could be static (e/g: to platforrm) or interactive (e/g: next train). Other media that can be used as wayfinding system information is printed media (e/g: tourist map) or mobile application.
SIGNAGE TYPE 1
1 2
ORIENTATIO NAL SIGN E/g: Locality map
2 INFORMATI ONAL SIGN E/g: Line map
3 4
IDENTIFICATION SIGN E/g: Station name
DIRECTIONAL SIGN E/g: To platform
MRT JAKARTA SIGNAGE DESIGN PROCESS DESIGN PROCESS
RESEARCH
PROGRAMMING
DESIGN
CONSTRUCTION
RESEARCH
PROGRAMMING
In this phase we study the theory and best practice of signage as wayfinding system, especially in similar public transit hub. The research resulted in the standard that will be used as basis for signage programming, as follows:
In this phase we combine the research result with existing regulation regarding signage to formulate the basic signage element, such as: color palette, typography, and pictogram.
1 Company logo simplification.
Maximum reading distance
Color palette: 1) Main signage color; 2) Train route color.
Pictogram is based on International Standard (ISO) redrawn for consistency with the typography. Pictogram is essential especially for overcoming language barrier.
Signage placement in hallway.
2
Typeface used is Roboto Regular Condensed and its variation (Bold, Light). It’s a sans serif font with open curves, providing natural reading rhythm or a humanist font.
MRT JAKARTA SIGNAGE DESIGN RESULT DIRECTIONAL SIGN ANATOMY 1
2
5
1
4
3
3
Arrow on the left most or right most (depending on the direction).
2
2
1
Followed by pictogram, such as vertical access mode (elevator, stair) or MRT logo to indicate platform.
3 Bigger text in Bahasa Indonesia at the top, smaller text in English at the bottom.
4 Train pictogram with color indicate train line (e.g.: red for North-South line).
5 Letter pictogram indicate Station Entrance code.
IDENTIFICATION SIGN ANATOMY Ticket Office Sign
Station Entrance Sign
Sign length follows the length of the locket.
Other application is as 3D sign flag, which only contain room pictogram. Sign length follows the length of the entrance.
Sign above elevator to discourage capable passenger to use elevator & prioritize its usage for disabled.
Station entrance sign is complemented with train code.
MRT JAKARTA SIGNAGE DESIGN RESULT
1
Locality Map is intended to orientate passenger on the station’s surrounding area. This is especially crucial in underground station, where passengers cannot directly see their surrounding upon alighting.
2
System Map shows every MRT line on top of simplified map. It looks redundant with Line Map since now we only have 1 line, but it’s supposedly show all MRT network.
3
Line Map only shows the current line where the train is headed. This is to confirm the platform destination to passenger.
4
Station Map shows the station plan to orientate passenger inside the station. It is especially useful to show station’s facilities (toilet, nursery, etc.)
5
Building Directory is meant to guide passengers into their destination.
ORIENTATIONAL & INFORMATIONAL SIGN ANATOMY 1
2 System Map Sign
Locality Map Sign
3
Line Map Sign
Header for station name and signage name. Excepet for System Map and Line Map which shows the entire line, station name is omitted.
4 Station Map Sign
5
Building Directory
Footer for logo index used in the map and MRT logo.
SIGNAGE APPLICATION IN MRT JAKARTA STATION OUTBOUND INBOUND
OUTBOUND 1
PLATFORM • Directional Sign: To: Exit, Elevator
2
3
PAID CONCOURSE • Directional Sign: To: Exit, Toilet, Prayer room • Identification Sign: Toilet, Prayer room
4
UNPAID CONCOURSE • Directional Sign: To: Exit A/B/C/D, Elevator • Informational Sign: Building around Exit • Orientational Sign: Locality map, Station map
• Directional Sign: Train direction • Informational Sign: Line map
3 4
Unpaid area Paid area
2
UNPAID CONCOURSE • Directional Sign: To MRT • Identificatin Sign: Ticket counter • Informational Sign: Fare price, Train schedule • Orientational Sign: Station map
3
• Directional Sign: To: Platform, Elevator, Toilet, Prayer room • Identification Sign: Toilet, Prayer room
1 Typical MRT Jakarta underground station
4
PAID CONCOURSE
2
Back of House
• Identification Sign: Station name, Exit name • Orientational Sign: Locality map • Informational Sign: Operational hour
• Identification Sign: Station name, Exit name • Orientational Sign: Locality map PLATFORM
1
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
3 4
2
1
WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? PLAN
MATURE
ITERATE
BUILD
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
LAUNCH
LEARN
WHAT SHOULD WE DO NEXT?
As with every product, signage and wayfinding also needs to be regularly reviewed by user & iterated, especially as they convey important information such as direction & regulation. Especially since beforehand we can’t do as much research, as this being the first MRT system in Indonesia.
Since operation commencement in 2019, we have received many feedbacks from passengers regarding our signage system. Main feedback comprises of:
Since now we already operate, we already have fixed user that can generate feedback and insight for signage improvement. We have done several workshop , but the implementation has to be postponed due to Covid-19.
1 INFORMATION IS NOT CLEAR This is especially the case for elevated station where the platform is separated (northbound and southbound). The signage to guide this is not placed on the right place (after ticketing gate) and it’s not presented clearly, hence, passengers often go to the wrong platform.
2
NOT ENOUGH INFORMATION This is especially the case for underground station. After alighting, passenger is disoriented, because unlike elevated station, passenger couldn’t see their surrounding. The signage placement is too scarce, it’s not enough to guide passenger to their preferred vertical access (elevator, stair, escalator).
1
• • • • • • • •
One of the signage workshop.
EXAMPLE OF ITERATION:
According to Auckland Transport
•
USER RESEARCH!
WHAT THE PASSENGER SAY…
SIGNAGE BEST PRACTICE Use solid research Be seamless Present information clearly Provide just the right amount of information Be inclusive Be modular Be sustainable Clear and concise Consistent
2 Existing signage
Existing signage
Additional signage here (the first thing passenger see after entering paid area)
Additional signage here (the first thing passenger see after alighting)
TO ABOVE AND BEYOND…
INTEGRATED WAYFINDING
STATION INTEGRATION In 2020, based on the success of MRT project, MRT Jakarta is mandated by the governor as project coordinator for Jakarta’s railway station’s surrounding revitalization, and one of the aspect is wayfinding. We develop MRT Jakarta’s existing wayfinding system into these outdoor signage to navigate pedestrian to different type of modes (railway, bus, microbus, ojol) with one wayfinding language.
FROM MRT…
…TO THE CITY.
We also coordinate with the municipal government, transport communities, and other public transit mode operator to create one integrated network map that is shown in all mode’s hub. In the future, we hope that we could use one wayfinding system for the city and all of its public transit mode.
LET’S INVOLVE THE USER Jakarta only began its public transit revolution in the 2000s. We hope clear and unified wayfinding system would provide easy access to user and encourage citizen to shift to public transit. To do this, we need to involve user in the process.
THOUGHTS / IDEAS DOMAIN PERSONAL/WORK TEAM/INDIVIDUAL STATUS
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PUBLIC POLICY WORK (MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS) TEAM COMPLETED
DOMAIN PERSONAL/WORK TEAM/INDIVIDUAL STATUS
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DESIGN ENGINEERING PERSONAL INDIVIDUAL CONCEPTUAL
PAPER EXCERPT
Title: Selected Issues in Strategic Planning of Public Sector in Indonesia (2017) This is an excerpt of a paper I co-authored during my time in Ministry of Public Works & Housing, published in Indonesia National Planning Agency (BAPPENAS) Journal and presented to World Bank Indonesia.
PAPER EXCERPT
Title: Selected Issues in Strategic Planning of Public Sector in Indonesia (2017) This is an excerpt of a paper I co-authored during my time in Ministry of Public Works & Housing, published in National Planning Agency (BAPPENAS) Journal and presented to World Bank Indonesia. We identify 7 fallacy of existing Strategic Planning process in Indonesia, specifically the relationship between Central & Local Government Planning, with study cases derived from real infrastructure project. We propose the brief, big-picture solution to these fallacies, that could be utilized as basis for improvement plan and capacity building program in the future.
OTHER IDEAS
This is an excerpt of a deck I prepared for my Fulbright Scholarship interview. It is basically a 49 problem-solving ideas in the form of product/service/infrastructure/app/web, and concerning 5 topics of environment, health, lifestyle, social, and urban.
I score each ideas based on its Impact and Effort and map them all on a metrics. From here we can see which idea should be prioritized.
SOME EXAMPLE… out of 49 ideas
OTHER IDEAS This is an excerpt of a deck I prepared for my Fulbright Scholarship interview. It is basically a 49 problem-solving ideas in the form of product / service / infrastructure / app / web, and concerning 5 topics of environment, health, lifestyle, social, and urban.
SOME EXAMPLE… out of 49 ideas
Most Impactful Idea Idea number 37, Crowdfunding for WorldSaving Research, naturally scored the highest. Although the application won’t be as straightforward, this could be an alternative to traditionally funded research.
Most Effortful Idea Idea number 17, Clean Energy Distribution, is the most effortful because it requires massive infrastructure. However, it could be done as shown by some clean energy companies in the UK.
ARCHITECTURE SCHOOL PROJECTS DOMAIN PERSONAL/WORK TEAM/INDIVIDUAL STATUS
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ARCHITECTURE PERSONAL INDIVIDUAL CONCEPTUAL
DOMAIN PERSONAL/WORK TEAM/INDIVIDUAL STATUS
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ARCHITECTURE PERSONAL TEAM CONCEPTUAL
BOUTIQUE HOTEL The brief was to create an 8 to 12 stories boutique hotel made for tourists. The site lies in the intersection of Ambon and Banda street in the heart of Bandung city, strategically located just a turn away from a shopping outlet neighborhood. The hotel is intended to accommodate these tourist that came to Bandung for shopping spree. The surrounding site consists mostly of 2 to 3 stories building, making the appearance of this boutique hotel somewhat a strike to the existing skyline. As a new height, the design should not be conspicuous, hence the use of monotonous color and basic shape and line. This site is also located across Saparua Sports Field where there used to be a public swimming pool, hence the design utilize this opportunity by also including a public swimming pool in the design.
BUILDING MASS TRANSFOR MATION
2
1 Rectangular due too room arrangement
3
Oriented following the sun direction
4
Add 2 floor podium
Extruded according to brief
5
6
Site location Slanted podium for vehicle access
Final design
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
SHARED HOUSING The brief for this competition was to design a shared house for specific community that truly exist in real urban sprawl setting. I chose the makers of Wayang Seng (traditional puppet show of Indonesia) that live in Cicukang Kampong, an urban sprawl in the heart of Bandung, West Java. Urban sprawl is indicated by its high density. With every children born, it becomes denser, therefore land will become rare as it is used to build new homes. Shared house is a house that could accommodate 2 or more families, or in this case, 4 families. As this house is designed for Wayang makers, the ground floor is used to support that industry, by providing workshop space, show room, and performance area. Shared facilities 2 1
BUILDING MASS TRANSFOR MATION
Private compound Maximizing the GFA to 3 floor.
The site is 13.5 x 8 m with 0 setback.
3
Cut the mass in center for inner courtyard
4
5
Add mass in level 2 & 3 as connector. Substract in level 1 for entrance.
Final substraction for maximum daylight and air circulation.
Wayang area
KEZIAH CAHYA VIRDAYANTI JAKARTA, INDONESIA 2020