CULTURE 25 MAY 2021 | MONDAY
KG SUNGAI PUSU
HUMAN AND CULTURE GOMBAK, MALAYSIA -PAGE 7
LOCAL & INTERNATIONAL
CASE STUDIES KUALA LUMPUR . KELANTAN. SINGKAWANG.
PROJECT 3 : JOURNAL DRAFT
BATIK : ART AND CRAFT CENTRE BATIK IN MALAYSIA
USER & BEHAVIORAL STUDY Fridays 6:30pm - 10pm
CULTURE & HERITAGE SEMESTER 2, SESSION 2020/2021
AAR 2244 KHAIRUNNISA BINTI KAMARUZAMAN
CULTURE AND HISTORY
CONTENT INTRODUCTION STUDY OF BATIK HUMAN AND CULTURE CASE STUDY 1 : CRAFT CENTRE KUALA LUMPUR
CASE STUDY 2 : CRAFT VILLAGE KOTA BHARU CASE STUDY 3 : SINGKAWANG CULTURAL CENTRE, INDONESIA USER AND BEHAVIOURAL STUDY DESIGN STRATEGY : APPLICATION ON DESIGN PROJECT
INTRODUCTION AAR 2244 SESSION 2020/2021
This magazine includes the study of human behavior in an existing project both local and international, and the user study of my site project. From the study, the application of the knowledge is being shown through the diagrams of my own design project that indicate the emphatic architectural approach that considering the user and cultural patterns.
Ichao• (@ieycaman) • Instagram photos and videos
B A T I K Batik (pronounced 'Bah-Teak') is a technique used to dye fabrics. the process is a relatively straightforward process that often produces beautiful results. Malaysian batik is batik textile art in Malaysia, especially on the east coast of Malaysia (Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang). The most popular motifs are leaves and flowers. Malaysian batik depicting humans or animals are rare because Islam norms forbid animal images as decoration. However, the butterfly theme is a common exception. The Malaysian batik is also famous for its geometrical designs, such as spirals. There are two type of art in batik which are clothing and painting.
Chapter 1 : Study of Batik
Batik Centre in Malaysia (Batik Gallery, Craft Centre, Batik Factory)
From a handicraft, batik has evolved into a unique art form that has inspired people all over the world to take an active interest in it. There are many spot in Malaysia that offers the art of batik including batik gallery, commercial of batik, production or factory of batik and even art and craft centre that has different kind of attraction that is not only for batik. Art and craft centre offers variety activities that benefits the user with new knowledge and experience especially learning the culture and tradition.
Malaysia Batik
|
Jadi Batek
By Khairunnisa
TYPE OF BATIK There are two types of batik. Here are the techniques and space required for batik centre.
BLOCK PRINTED The stamped batik or block-printed batik is using a copper block or sometimes a wooden stamp with artistically patterned bottom. The block is dipped into wax and printed onto the fabric, which is then dip-dyed.
HAND DRAWN Hand-Drawn Batik is where the designs are drawn on the fabric with hot liquid wax by using a metal object called canting. Handdrawn batik is more expensive and exclusive than blockprinted batik.
SPACES FOR BATIK MAKING Batik is essentially a crafted fabric that needs to undergo the delicate and repeated process of waxing, dyeing and boiling. So the art and craft centre for batik need to have different spaces to undergo these process. Usually the area is open and has lot of windows to ensure the smoke of the wax goes out. There is also batik kit that is offered for people who wants to try to canting and paint batik.
HUMAN AND CULTURE STUDY
AAR 2244
Chapter 2
HUMAN AND CULTURE By SITE B
Kampung Sungai Pusu is a small village located in Gombak, Selangor, near IIUM Gombak. The area can be accessed by a one-way road from IIUM junction. Going into the area, it can be seen that the development of the village does not change the traditional existing features. The area used to be a place for the Minangkabau people and by time, the place is also dim. People living here includes Malay, Chinese and Indian and other indigenous being the highest. Most of them are villager and the students with majority aged 20-29. The residents here are lecturers, cyclists, mechanic, students and also tourists.
It is a small village which has approximately around 700 people, consist of government workers, private sectors and farmers. The area is also known by public where it is suitable for recreation as there is a waterfall nearby.
CHAPTER 3 :
CASE STUDY 1
an
iconic
destination heart
art
tourism
located
of
the
in
city
the
AAR 2244
CHAPTER 3
CRAFT CENTRE JALAN CONLAY, KUALA LUMPUR
The Kuala Lumpur Craft Complex is an iconic art tourism destination located in the heart of the city. This one-stop craft centre offers a myriad of tourism products such as arts and crafts for local and foreign visitors. The complex is characterised by a Malay Terengganu architectural design, and is a treasury for traditional and modern contemporary products from all parts of the country.
Featuring a panoramic view of the countryside with a Malaysianthemed landscape has distinguished the building from other prestigious shopping malls around Kuala Lumpur. It is developed based on four concepts which include education, marketing enculturation and accommodation. Visiting the Craft Complex is like exploring the lifestyle of Malaysian society known for its impressive art craft handed down for generations.
SPACE AND ACTIVITY CRAFT CENTRE, JALAN CONLAY KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
EXHIBITION HALL In the exhibition hall visitors get to know the local crafts through the uniqueness of the products, motifs on displays, materials designed and fabrication processes, as well as the function of the product itself. They can get all the iformation about the handicraft there.
BATIK KIT
Visitors will also have the opportunity to observe the art of craft through demonstrations and crafts interactive at the Craft Village. iand producing craft product by getting involved in the art of making batik, bags, wood carvings, ceramics, metal, pewter and costume jewellery.
ART WORKSHOP Visitors can also visit the Artists’ Colony and witness artworks exhibited by local artisan, projecting the Malaysian image through variety of mediums, styles and shapes that were translated through canvas, painting technique or even portraiture, truly a wonderful sight for the eyes and minds. Visitors can interact with the artisans and observe the way they express their ideas and inspiration and learn the art of paintingby joining the workshop.
SPACE AND ACTIVITY CRAFT CENTRE, JALAN CONLAY KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
OUTDOOR GARDEN
The relaxing atmosphere and a beautiful recreational landscape that will draw visitors to the Craft Delight cafeteria for an enjoyable mealtime. Visitor can walk around while appreciating the greenery view.
EVENT HALL
This hall is where knowledge sharing activities undertaken between designers, entrepreneurs, academicians and craft activists, which include documentation, seminars, market information on new products, and design development activities.
RETAIL AREA Authentic Malaysian Craft Kuala Lumpur Craft Complex offers a variety of authentic products such as souvenirs, interior decorations, costume, jewellery, latest fashion textiles, garden and landscape decorations as well as everyday use products. These will be an attraction section for the visitors especially fashion enthusiasts.
HOLISTIC EXPERIENCE CRAFT CENTRE, JALAN CONLAY KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
ATTRACTION Experience The Culture And Heritage From Batik Tour, Create Your Own Batik Painting Masterpiece! Host a Batik Event with authentic experience
CHAPTER 4 :
CASE STUDY 2
Handicraft Craft as
Village
Museum, 'Balai
also
Getam
and
known
Guri'
AAR 2244
CHAPTER 4
CRAFT VILLAGE KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN
Handicraft Village and Craft Museum, also known as 'Balai Getam Guri' in local language, is a place to showcase local handicraft industry in Kelantan, and it's supported by the state government. It's a fine craft museum, houses many Kelantanese craftsmanship, including traditional embroidery, batik, silverware and matting. Handicraft Village architectural design was based on Kelantan Malay Traditional design, known as “Balai”. It is set up in artistically-carved wooden courtyard, brown-colored wooden village. Handicraft Village comprises of Craft Musuem, Tourist Information Center, restaurant serving local foods, souvenir shops and workshop/carpentry area, and beautifully-landscaped garden.
Interestingly, the visitor have the opportunity to witness and learn the process of making those craft, where demonstration of traditional embroidery, songket weaving and batik drawing are done skillfully by the artists. Craft Museum is being managed by Kelantan Museum Body, which is also known as Balai Getam Guri. This is the only place where it requires entrance ticket. All of the arts and crafts in the museum are clearly labeled and described. This is great place to get to know more about the local traditional arts and cultures.
SPACE AND ACTIVITY HANDICRAFT VILLAGE, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN, MALAYSIA
CRAFTMANSHIP VILLAGE There are quite many experts in Handicraft Village, including Batik paintings, ceramic works, silver products making, embroidery arts, etc. Some classes might be able to be arranged for hands-on experience making handicraft through the traditional way.
SOUVENIR SHOP Souvenir shops and carpentry/workshop area in the Handicraft Village compound, where you can purchase the handicraft which were made from the workshop
MUSEUM
The Craft Museum, also known as Balai Getam Guri, located on the first floor of the Handicraft Village, it is a very neat and well maintained museum. It has clear labelling, instructions and descriptions of craft and fabric throughout the room. The Craft Museum houses many fine examples of Kelantanese craftsmanship. A restaurant called 'Balai Sulur Gadung' is located on the ground floor of the building, where visitors can savour some of Kelantan's famous dishes.
SPACE AND ACTIVITY HANDICRAFT VILLAGE, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN, MALAYSIA
RESTAURANT
After touring the Handicraft Village, visitors may enjoy the local food (known as Nasi Ulam) just in the vicinity of the Handicraft Village. It will be crowded especially during the weekend, where the locals are also storming the restaurant for the sumptuous meal.
COURTYARD Handicraft Village surroundings are beautifully decorated. Its garden are well taken care of. Sometimes especially on Saturday, some government agencies will be holding some arts and cultural events and performance at Handicraft Village.
PAINTING THE BATIK A handicraft village is incomplete without an art class. Without disappointment, the center runs craft and art classes within the complex itself. Visitor may ask those experts individually, and they are more than willing to explain step-bystep procedures in making those handicrafts. The adjacent Handicraft Village also provides visitors the chance to see just how these crafts are made.
HUB OF ART AND CRAFT HANDICRAFT VILLAGE, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN, MALAYSIA
ATTRACTION
Do spend some time touring Handicraft Village, get to know local arts and cultures better. There are many activities and events are being conducted indoor and outdoor, beside enjoying the view of the architectural design of the village.
CHAPTER 5 :
CASE STUDY 3
Singkawang Cultural Center is located in Singkawang, a small city in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
AAR 2244
CHAPTER 5
CULTURAL CENTER SINGKAWAN, WEST KALIMANTAN
Singkawang Cultural Center is located in Singkawang, a small city in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The city has been a home to ethnically diverse community for many generations, with three major ethnic groups of Tidayu: Tionghoa (Chinese-Indonesian), Dayak & Melayu. This diversity enriches Singkawang with abundant art & culture. The annual cultural events are later developed as Singkawang tourism highlights, such as: Cap Go Meh Festival, Gawai Dayak Naik Dango, Ngabayon Dayaknese Festival, Malay Art Festival, and Ramadhan Fair. Singkawang city is known as a multicultural city. With a population of 262,210 people consists of various tribes make Singkawang very rich with cultural tourism objects, in addition to natural attractions that are already famous.
The project itself later called Singkawang Cultural Center. Singkawang Cultural Center is a pioneer project serves as a cultural house, a community center that became the center for fostering and promoting culture and art in Singkawang, also to strengthen community bonds by displaying elements of Singkawang heritage through the architectural design of the building, local cuisine, artistic performances, and visual art displayed inside the building. The Singkawang brick has many advantages ranging from historical, aesthetic, to quality values so it was appointed as the main material of SCC and aims to improve or re-establish the beauty of Singkawang bricks to the public.
SPACE AND ACTIVITY SINGKAWANG CULTURAL CENTER, WEST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
GALLERY
Cultural gallery featuring Singkawang local bricks as the main material whose industry has been startedsince the beginning of the development of Singkawang area along with pottery industry. The kaolin substance is what induces its unique characteristic, robust, and distinctive, compared to other bricks in Indonesia.
EXHIBITION HALL This exhibition is an important platform which serve purposes
to introduce and give information to people about the past, present, and present the vision and mission of the future of the city through the history, culture, architecture and potential that exist in the community.
TRADITIONAL FOOD MARKET This food outlet is filled by dozens of sellers with a menu that is really typical of Singkawang, such as choipan cake, tiau noodles, fried rice burnt, lempuk, and so on. This food outlet is very convenient as a place to meet clients or just meet friends. With hundreds of chandeliers, this place becomes very beautiful at night. Not only available food, there is also a musical performance olh friends Community Street Singers (KPJ) Singkawang
SPACE AND ACTIVITY SINGKAWANG CULTURAL CENTER, WEST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
LIBRARY There is a library containing tourism promotions and history books related to the city of Singkawang on top of the building.
ART SHOP There is art shop of textile handicrafts, such as scarves, scarves, fabrics, clothes with ethnic ornaments, batik fabric and so on.
POTTERY WORKSHOP In the area which close to back porch of Singkawang Cultural Center lies Pottery Gallery and Workshop room. This area where direct involvement from visitors or local as well as foreign tourists to have experience in making signature Traditional Pottery of Singkawang.
CULTURAL HOUSE SINGKAWANG CULTURAL CENTER, WEST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
UNIQUENESS It is one of tourist destination that able to portray Singkawang and its people. All of these design approaches were done without intervene the form of the old cinema itself.
The Summary of :
CASE STUDY 1 From case study one, it is Known for its extensive collection of local arts and crafts, the complex showcases batik, songket, rattan baskets and artwork. there is also a workshop area that is separated from the building and it is called “Perkampungan Kraf Tangan” which is what makes the center interesting because the visitor can experience different kind of art and handicrafts and there are people that comes for art classes every week especially international visitors. Furthermore, the craft center is programmed for commercial and to help entrepreneurs sell their products, thus, the center sometimes conducts a cultural event every year.
CASE STUDY 2 From case study two, it has strategic location because the village craft centre is near to few other attractions too. The place is attractive because of the strong culture and heritage of the buidling itself. The building represents the Kelantan traditional houses and brings the visitor to experience in a very traditional way. Besides, the places has an outdoor area and beautiful landscape that become an event place and usually some government agencies are conducting an activity for public. Besides their handicrafts and carpentry product, this handicraft center is also famous for their nasi ulam restaurants that many has come just for the sumptuous meal there.
CASE STUDY 3 From the third case study, it is a prime location to be the headquarter office,gathering and event area. This center helps strengthen the bond between people of the community through engagement with arts and cultural activities. The workshop that is famous for visitor to learn their cultural activities. besides, they also provide a library that includes the historical behind their city. This place is famous in expressing elements of Singkawang heritage through the architectural design of the building, the main material used in the project is Singkawang brick as a form of locally produced material. they are developing Singkawang’s architectural trademark through bricks and the places become one of great place that rich with their multicultural centre.
CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER6 66
U USSEERR AAN ND D BBEEH HAAVVIIO ORRAALL SSTTU UD DYY
USER : CLIENT, STAFF, VILLAGER, STUDENTS AND VISITOR THE TERM USER BEHAVIOUR STUDY REFERS TO THE HUMAN INTERACTION WITH VARIOUS ARCHITECTURALELEMENTS. THEIR REACTIONS, INTERACTIONS DURING DIFFERENT TIME OF THE DAY, DURINGDIFFERENT SEASONS AND AT DIFFERENT STAGES AND PHASES OF LIFE GOVERNS THE DESIGN INTENT
CHAPTER 6
THE USER CLIENT : FARAH MOHAN STAFF THE RESIDENT
TOURISTS : LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL YOUNGER GENERATION /STUDENTS
THE USER
CHAPTER 6
CLIENT : FARAH MOHAN Farah Hanim binti Mohan, 28 years old, she is currently working on a few batik project and teaching batik monthly. She loves to be seen as an inspirational person. She mentioned, she has been showing the process of making batik in her social media; Instagram because to let other see that batik can be cool as well. Upon interviewing the client, there are a few ideas that has be taken to the building design in order to serves the client and the users need when living in the building. The client is considered as main user for this project as this centre will be the place for her doing her work painting and conducting a workshop. So, the design is influenced by the client's preference by fulfilling her needs for her workspace and the environment that she desires. “I ACTUALLY WANT PEOPLE TO SEE ME BUT SOMEHOW IT DIDN’T COME OUT JUST NOW. IT’S TO BE SEEN AS AN INSPIRATIONAL. I’VE BEEN DOING MY BATIK AND SHOW MY BATIK PROCESS THESE WHOLE TIME BCS OF ONE THING. THAT IS TO LET OTHER SEE, ESPECIALLY THE YOUNGER GENERATION THAT BATIK CAN BE COOL AS WELL.”
STAFF The staff will be in this building during the office hour from 7.00am. to 5.00pm. Their activities in this building will be at their workplace which is the production area, cafeteria, a musolla for prayer, and a management office. It is important to design the building that gives a comfortable and conducive environment to ensure that the staff can work efficiently. The design of the space such the production area must be big enough to ease the circulation and flow during the process of batik making especially when the visitors are coming to see it.
Contemporary Personal Studio Quick Workshop Openness Serenity Water feature element and nature surrounding
THE USER
CHAPTER 6
THE RESIDENT The resident here refers to the people that live nearby this art and craft center, especially the villager of KG Sungai Pusu. there will be a possibility of a frequent visit from the villager itself who interested in making the batik, or to join the workshop there. Besides, people that live in Gombak area will probably come to join the workshop and to buy handicraft there as it is a few miles from the city.
TOURISTS The tourist here can be local and international, so both users require interesting content when coming to this center. These users will tend to be curious because they come from far and expects to learn great things there. so this can be encountered by encourage their discovery with interesting activities and provide relevant information for them to have memorable tourist experiences. For example the exhibition hall that gives impactful experience to them and allow them to learn as much as they can. Catch curious tourists with a lot of culture and heritage that we can share, so they can appreciate it more. the visitors usually will come during the weekend, when they want to spend their time with fascinating activities.
YOUNGER GENERATION /STUDENTS As we know, Gombak has many educational institutions such as IIUM Gombak, UniKL BMI, Kolej Vokasional Gombakand etc. Thus, this can attract many students to come to this center to experience and learn about the culture and heritage here. To attract these group of visitor, it is important to provide an interesting activities and places that can catch their attention such as good environment of the cafe, a place for group activities or events, instagrammable spot to take photos, and great view surroundings.
CHAPTER 6
USER & BEHAVIORAL STUDY •IT IS HIGHLIGHTED HERE, THE VISITOR COMES FROM DIFFERENT AGE GROUP FROM YOUNG TO ELDERLY WHICH RANGE BETWEEN 7YEARS OLD TO 60 YEARS OLD. THE DESIGN SHOULD INCORPORATE DIFFERENT MOOD AND AMBIANCE THAT SUITABLE TO THESE PEOPLE.
•AN OUTDOOR SPACE AND A LOT OF OPENINGS ARE REQUIRED TO BE CONSIDERED INTO THE DESIGN TO LET THE USER ENJOY THE NATURE SURROUNDINGS AND ALLOW THEM TO FEEL THE INSIDE-OUT FEELINGS.
•A SPACE THAT CAN INCLUDE GROUP ACTIVITIES SUCH AS WORKSHOP FOR BATIK MAKING, THE PRODUCTION AREA THAT ALLOW THE VISITOR TO WATCH, AND CAFETERIA THAT PROVIDE INDOOR AND OUTDOOR AREA.
CHAPTER 7
DESIGN STRATEGY Some traditional Malay expressions refer house as "the living light of the earth, the place to preserve the custom, to gather relatives, the place of the last trade stop, the debt of the parents to their children. " The Malays also crave a good and perfect residence, that is, the physical building which fulfills the customary and the needs of its inhabitants, while from the spiritual side, the house can bring happiness, comfort, peace and tranquility. so this project is bringing the home and the nature together to achieve the serenity and to fulfill the same objective of making this place as gathering and create bonding amongst the community between the workers itself or the visitors. Referring the spatial characteristic pattern in all the case study, it is divided into public area , private area and service area. In Islamic law such separation is very important to know how the function of the space can accommodate all activities of the owner who is restricted on every activity in the unity of the place.
Public Space : Exhibittion hall, Workshop Landscape : Water fountain,planting Private Space : Toilet and Kitchen
The kitchen of the cafeteria is hidden with wall, and the toilet are usually place at the back as it is a private space. This separation is in accordance with the teachings of Islam, The hygiene of a house in Islamic teachings is recommended by building a house away from dirty places, such as garbage dumps, puddles because cleanliness and sanctity are part of faith. It is obligatory for a Muslim to pay attention to the cleanliness and sanctity of his place, his environment, and himself, because the environment also shows the personality of the inhabitant, “Zhahir” is the reflection of his inner being. The characteristic of Malay house is in accordance with Islamic guidance because the Malay community is known as the Islamic community. So it is important to keep the same application that is applied in Malay traditional house to every building that Muslims build.
APPLICATION ON DESIGN PROJCET :
EXHIBITION HALL • THE EXHIBITION HALL THAT ALLOW BEST EXPERIENCES FOR THE USER : PROVIDE AS MANY INFORMATION AS WE CAN ABOUT NOT ONLY BATIK BUT ALSO OTHER HANDICRAFTS, DISPLAYS THE TOOL USED AND BRING THEM TO THE WORKSHOP TO LET THEM EXPERIENCE IT. THUS, THE DESIGN OF THE WORKSHOP IS PLACE NEXT TO THE EXHIBITION HALL AS BOTH ARE PUBLIC AREA.
CAFETERIA • THE CAFE IS DESIGN TO HAVE A MAGNIFICENT VIEW OF THE NATURE SURROUNDINGS WITH FULL GLASS WINDOWS. IT ALSO PROVIDE OUTDOOR SETTING TO ALLOW THE USER TO DIG IN THEIR FOOD WHILE ENJOYING THE GENTLE BREEZE. THE INTERIOR ITSELF IS INTEGRATED WITH TRADITIONAL ELEMENT AND USE TIMBER MATERIALS TO ENHANCE THE CULTURAL VIBES.
PRIVATE STUDIO • PERSONAL STUDIO WORK FOR THE CLIENT, THIS SPACE IS FOR CLIENT'S PRIVACY AND LOCATED AT THE TOP LEVEL OF THE BUILDING. THE STUDIO HAS LARGE OPENING TO MAXIMISE THE VIEW OF THE NATURE SURROUNDINGS WHILE ENJOYING THE WATER FOUNTAIN ON THE SLOPE THAT CAN BE SEEN FROM THE ROOM TOWARDS THE GROUND FLOOR.
OPENNESS • PROVIDE LARGE OPENING TO CREATE INSIDE OUT FEELINGS BESIDES APPRECIATING GOOD NATURE SETTING OF THE SURROUNDINGS. BESIDES, IT CAN ALSO ALLOW NATURAL VENTILATION AND NATURAL LIGHTING. RECEPTION AREA THAT MAKES THE USER FEEL WELCOME AND COMFORTABLE EVEN BEFORE TOURING THE WHOLE BUILDING, THIS CAN GIVE GOOD IMPRESSION TO THE USER AND MAKE THEM FEELS INVITING.
APPLICATION ON DESIGN PROJCET :
FACADE • THE FACADE OF THIS ART CENTER IS USING TIMBER FINS CLADDING, THIS CAN REPRESENTS MALAY TRADITIONAL MATERIALS WHERE THEY USED TIMBER FOR THEIR BUILDING. MALAY ARCHITECTURE IS GREATLY AFFECTED BY CLIMATE AND WEATHER. MALAY TRADITIONAL HOUSE IS ALWAYS RESPONDING TO THE CULTURE, LIFESTYLE, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL NEEDS. IT CREATES GOOD HOUSING QUALITY, FITTING TO ITS BUILT ENVIRONMENT.
LANDSCAPE • HILLSIDE LANDSCAPING IS A NATURAL “OPPORTUNITY" TO THIS SITE. SLOPED YARD LANDSCAPING FEATURES LIKE WATERFALLS, SIMPLE ROCK GARDENS, AND A STUNNING FLOWERING HILLSIDE GARDEN IS INCLUDE IN THIS DESIGN AS IT WILL DISPLAY PROUDLY AND EFFORTLESSLY ON A NATURAL SLOPE. THE WATER FOUNTAIN AS WHAT THE CLIENT LOVE WHICH IS TO INCLUDE WATER ELEMENT IN THE BUILDING.
ROOF • IN MY DESIGN, THE ROOF TYPE IS PITCH ROOF BECAUSE PITCH ROOF IS THE BEST ROOF THAT IS SUITABLE FOR OUR CLIMATE. FURTHERMORE, THE DESIGNED HAS A LARGE, OVERHANGING ROOF AND CONSISTS WO LAYERS. IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE TRADITIONAL LOOK TO THE BUILDING, THESE KIND OF DESIGN IS CHOSEN AS IT IS ALSO TO IMMITATE THE EXISTANCE TYPE OF ROOF SURROUNDING THE SITE.
2021 . 05
Cultural Production
THANK YOU
Khairunnisa Kamaruzaman 1918550 khairunnisakamaruzaman05@gmail.com