Journalism Technology magazine Fall_2019 1
Class Activities
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Khalid Al Durai Crowdsourcing gives us more efficient techniques for finding sources.
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Al Mukhtar Al Rahbi Investigative journalism, one of the most important and famous examples is the Panama Papers.
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Qussai Al Rahbi Some of the many tools that have changed the face of communicating news today, and how they’ve changed the face of that information resource. like: Sight and Sound, media tools, Connectivity, Research. 5
Mohammed Al Azwani We worked in groups to develop the idea of the story 'talking to communities and listening to their points', from that, we can develop our visual film + text over + statistics + infographic in the material we produce. 6
Assad Al Yaqoubi Dr Sonia evaluating the first draft of course project and giving notes on points that have to be considered in the next and final draft.
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Ahmed Al Risi From the Immersive Journalism The ONAOnline News Association's Conference: New tools, techniques and technologies, to discuss advancements and challenges in the industry. 8
Salim Zabanoot We discussed some of amendments to the third draft and divide digital newspaper to official and non- officials.
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Ahmed Al Ghassani After the presentation of a group of students for academic readings now students who offered to write some questions and answers through what they submitted. 10
Salim Al Wahaibi Open sources and journalism, that our presentation that relation between journalism and technology. The challenges now a days that how can used open sources. 11
Amna Al Mazrouai Our presentation on The Politicization of “Fake News” on Twitter We have divided the content into two main points: 1. History of “Fake News”. 2. Social Media and the emergence of “Fake News”. 12
Hameid Al Hanai We talked about the structure of online news as well as emotional grace and its impact on processing time as well as memory.
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Ayman Al Farasi While explaining the presentation that talks about big data in the economy.
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Waleed Ambusaidi The video showed the steps that the students followed them to do the study of the project which are introduction , methodology and results.
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PDF Academic Reading Presentations
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Open source and journalism toward NEW FRAMEWORKS FOR IMAGINING news innovation
Published by : SAGE, Seth C lewis and Nikki Usher U113182 / 116915
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Open source. Open source & journalism. Open source software programming. Advantages Takeaway
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Introduction • Open source and journalism is information that available for journalists in internet and program.
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?What are hackers
What are hacks? Hacks
journalists
Hackers
technologists or computationally skilled actors (i.e. programmers, developers, coders, or technologists), who have ethos (attitudes) (Coleman, 2012). .
journalists and technologists
Hacker’s ethic
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hacks and hackers ethic is marked both by experimentation and play as well as a pro-social interest in information liberation and democratic ideals, (Coleman, 2012)
open source in journalism increasingly organize and collaborate , find technological solutions for news on an international scale open source software programming which is called computational journalism, Flew et al., 2012)
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open source software programming All software with available source code, adaptable by all, under the ’ limitation that the adaptations should be made available to others (.Wynants and Cornelis, 2005) open source and hackers have drawn strong interest—and have begun to play important roles in creating interactive and data-driven content and infrastructure. (Usher, 2010) Examples of using open sources , Al Jazeera English in Qatar The Guardian and the BBC in the U.K , Zeit Online in Germany 22
the New York Times, NPR, and smaller metropolitan newspapers in the U.S
JOURNALISM AND TECHNOLOGY
History
There is a long history of journalists working with digital technology often with the primary goal of improving the news story known as Computer-Assisted Reporting Examples of
CAR
CAR
in 1952, CBS (computer based system) was used to predict the outcome of the U.S. presidential race between Eisenhower and Stevenson Reavy (1996) also points to innovators such as Philip Meyer, who in 1967 used an IBM 360 mainframe to analyze survey data about the Detroit riots In 1973, Meyer wrote Precision Journalism, advocating for the greater integration of computers, data, and social science methods in journalism practice in 1989
the most visible moment for computational journalism
Atlanta Journal Constitution reporter Bill Dedman’s Pulitzer Prize-winning report on unequal housing practices and red-lining. 23
Separation from
CAR
Today, the programmer-journalist differs from this CAR reporter in seeing the end product not as a story as a ‘productive artifact’ of ‘information filtering’ (Jonathan Stray, 2011). Scholars write about journalism as needing an upgrade to the digital age through computer programming computational journalism will both lead to better investigative journalism and create new forms of engagement with audiences, , Flew et al. (2012)
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Advantages of open sources.
Easy to reach without restrictions. Inclusiveness sharing relevant information with a non-definite set of other actors without any immediate recompense (Balka 2009) and (. Benkler, 2006 Reach to facts. Encourages users to make their own contributions to the code, and potentially facilitates greater speed and efficiency. 25
open-source culture 1. TRANSPARENCY
• digital journalism has enhanced opportunities for such transparency (Phillips, 2010). open-source transparency can push journalism.
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2. TINKERING • journalists could begin rethinking how to play with their existing products (e.g. blogs and social media) and recharge them
3. iteration . Continuously releasing unfinished code for beta-testing
participation. 4 .Encouraging input from the widest possible group collaborators.
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Conclusion journalists and technologists
The collaboration between journalists and technologists are not new Collaboration can improve the infrastructure of journalism
Open source offers the opportunity for technologists and journalists. (news room).
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Outcome The challenge's that faced the journalists that how they use the information which can affect for privacy and law. In addition the open source has a negative side that the information that a lot of misleaded information that .journalists have to interact with that information cautiously
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Academic Reading
The Politicization of “Fake News” on Twitter
Done by: (u111191) ,(s118437) Date: November 20, 2019 Mass3101- Journalism Technology
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Academic Reading : The title:
Authors:
The Politicization of “Fake News” on Twitter
John Brummette, Marcia DiStaso, Michail Vafeiadis, and Marcus Messner.
Date:
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 2018, Vol. 95(2) 497 –517
Reprints and permissions:
sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1077699018769906 http://journals.sagepub.com/home/jmq
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Introduction:
# Since the 2008 U.S presidential campaign, social media sites like Facebook and Twitter have become critical battlegrounds for political parties. # Dissemination of online “fake news� has reached heightened levels during and after the 2016 U.S. # Fake news was published by political candidates and pundits have made.
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The main point: 1
1. History of “Fake News”
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using misinformation to shape public opinion.
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The connection between “fake news” and politics has been evident throughout history especially with the use of political propaganda by the British and the Americans in World War.
34 2. Social Media and the emergence of “Fake News”:
The ease with which people can now mass communicate and the inability to detect bias in the media environment. The issue of “fake news” is exacerbated by the ever-increasing popularity of social media.
And the increasing popularity of social media began in London terror attack in March 2017.
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Method:
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# This study used SNA, content analysis, and cluster analysis. # SNA allowed the researchers in this study to identify network users according to their use of the term “fake news� and then to calculate metrics that indicated the strength and nature of their connections with other users.
** SNA: System National Accounts
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Content analysis • Extracting the information of the two clustering: • (a) The individual tweets in the samples. • (b) The Twitter bios of the users who posted the tweets. • The Twitter bios of the users were analyzed and coded for the variables of: • 1.Types of social media users: (Presidents, politicians, journalists, or other). • 2. User’s political affiliation: (Democrat, Republican, Independent). • 3. Gender: (male, female, organization). • Next, a two-step cluster analysis: which identifies structures or clusters.
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Results:
• Politics do, in fact play a role in the discussion of “fake news” among social media users.
• The search for the most frequently communicated information in the tweets examined in the study revealed a mix of different words and hashtags that were employed in the discussions.
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Discussion:
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• Findings from this study reveal that conversations about “fake news” take place in large clusters. • (Online communities) who dominate the discussion. • The cluster analysis revealed “fake news” is a politicized term. • “Fake news” has been used for years as an attempt to hinder the free flow of information.
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Conclusion
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“Fake news,” have implications for society.
• Society is at risk of overshadowing the importance and understanding of the “fake news”. • This study highlights this problem.
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Outcome
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Take away from the study: 1- “fake news” uses between large clusters comprised primarily of members of the general public. 2- “fake news” is a politicized term. 3- “fake news” has been used as an attempt to hinder the free flow of information. 4- “fake news,” have implications for society (society is at risk of overshadowing the importance and understanding).
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Sultan Qaboos University College of Arts and Social Sciences Mass Communication Department Mss3101/ Fall2019
Best Practices for Journalistic Balance: Gatekeeping, Imbalance and the Fake News Era Author: Janelle Benham Journal: Journalism Practice Publisher : Routledge
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Presentation Outline
1.Introduction. 2.Literature Review. 3.Methodology. 4.Results. 5.Discussion. 6.Limitation. 7.Take away.
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Introduction:
The focus of this study is to gain insights fashion . from the journalism Balance is often deďŹ ned within the conict paradigm as allowing Variety of words used to describe competing equal voice within : aspects of sides this process . the news story Bias, Objectivity, Fairness, andbalance,aare often used fair to Balancing story by being interchangeably both sides may notwithin be fairthe to the profession and by critiquing truth if both sides dothose not, in fact, theequal mediaweight. And in those have many cases where there are more . than two sides to a story 43
Within the competing constructs of realism and pragmatism, indicating that both’ sides is not enough, as the placement and emphasis within the story is also .� important
There are three media terms that are not clearly deďŹ ned, but rather are used as a panacea of journalism : legalese . Objectivity. Fairness. Balance-
Literatu re Review
News organizati ons are sensitive to charges of bias and strive to adhere to objectivit .y
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Metho dology (Interv iew)
The researcher conducted semistructured interviews with eight journalists from: 1. A range of television net works. 2. AďŹƒliations 3. Market-size.
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Participa nts come from:
Repo rters Anch ors Prod ucers Seni or prod Exec ucers utive prod ucers 46
The researcher protected the confidentiality of : the participants by Recording their consent separate from their . 1 interviews, not using names or identifiers during . the recording Assigning random letter affiliations to the. 2 : Demographic questions were designed to . participants . Address position . 1 Removing identifying information from any . 3 . Title. 2 presented here . information . Age. 3 . Years of experience. 4 The questions interview specifically allowed for Content were designed to address : qualitative to of balance, perceptions and answers definitions . imbalance, and fakeensuring news A nuanced topic that new ideas and . perspectives were explored The semi-structured qualitative interviewprocess was a more prudent choice over a quantitative analysis as 47
Answers were analyzed • systematically, with all answers being examined • Themes and codes were. thoroughly established and developed : as the data was studied to
Draw conclusions regarding. 1 • . the definition . Practice. 2 • • Implementation of balance in . 3 • The interview question . reporting
template consisted of 25 questions for each interview . journalist
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The 25 questi ons: 8 backgroun d questions to establish the demograp hics of the sample
10 questions relating to balance.
6 questions relating to fake news.
Certain questions included: 1.Follow up options dependin g on the response of the individua l. 2. Particularly to ensure robust answers 49
The results The other: participants focused on: 1. The difficult role journalists occupy as they balance stories with multiple sides. 2. Positions rather than defining balance as a construct.
The participants ’ definition of balance : was Broad in. 1 . scope Three of the Often, participants the. 2 definition The participants: pointed to tended to muddled divert Fact-when back to based imbalance. defined reporting as examples instead of: an essential 1. Concretely element of defining balanced balance. . reporting 2. They are often pivoting toward a personal report they felt was imbalanced
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The results One group ďŹ ercely 2: rejected any connection between legitimate journalism operations and fake news, while the other subset felt unba- lanced or opinionladen content by news operations did constitute fake news.
All participan ts interview ed stressed the important One role participan Three balance participants t plays characterized described fake news into when two categories: fake news reporting 1. False stories, as any . a story created knowing content they were false with the intent that is to deceive. . one sided 2. Stories that are so unbalanced, or
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Discus sion
1 2
The Internet has had an inuence on balanced reporting.
The journalists in this study bias: Fake news as propaga nda.
Fake news as misinfor mation.
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This study only contained television journalists in the sample, which helps other studies in the inclusion of the media, like: - Newspaper. - Magazines. - Electronic newspaper. 53
1. Balance of form: By ensuring non-discrimination in the pant in terms of (size and type), the images accompanying the material (personal, objective, caricature.) 2. The suitability of the news topic to the facts collected about it and not the synthesis of facts to make up a topic. 3. allowed increased diversity of opinion and also for themes within speciďŹ c organizations to be explored. 4. There are two sides to every topic that we cover, and that is giving an equal voice to both sides of whatever the story is. 5. The concept of “fake newsâ€? has become a paramount issue for the media 54
Any questions? Mass3101 Fall 2019 Dr. Sonia Nelson Done by: 115689 105878 55
Looking For Efficiency:
How Online News Structure and Emotional Tone Influence Processing Time and Memory. Tessa I . DeAngelo and Narine S. Yegiyan Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly Mass3101 2019
SAGE
ID 115456 106832
Main points Introduction Subject Results Discussio n Conclusion Take away
Introduction: Look for the Story Structure and Emotional Tone that affect the efficiency of news processing
Model used to process information:
1) Inverted Pyramid
2) Narrative Stories
3) Emotion Tone
This study is based on LC4MP proposals. There are several basic sub- processes and knowledge to adders encryption stares and retrieval
ď‚´
There are factors that affect them:
1) Structural Properties: Auditory Complexity Video shooting 2) Content Properties: Emotional Tone Excitement
LC4MP: Limited capacity 4
Example for processes information:
1) In the TV: Video is used in the TV to process information quickly 2) Timeline of events: Through which the viewer quickly understand.
Journalists use two methods of reporting: Comparison
Narrative story
Inverted pyramid
Started From least important information to the important information
Started from important information to the least information important
Importance
Less accuracy
Greater accuracy
Accuracy
Long time
Less time
Duration of understanding
Explanation: In the Inverted pyramid information is clear from the start so it takes a short time to understand , but in Narrative story the information is included and difficult to understand in a short time.
There are three ways to process news online: 1) Use the Hyperlink:
In the link between the primary node and the secondary nods of that news .
2) Story Style:
Printed story
Electronic story
Text • Image •
Animation •
3) Presentations: (To explain news details online)
Video • Text • Image •
Comparison between negative story and positive story: Negative news is giving the news great importance. Positive news gives less important news than negative news.
Positive story
Negative story
Comparison
Less time to read
Long time to read
Time to read
Less accuracy
More accuracy
Accuracy
Explanation: Negative news contains a lot of interesting events that need a long time to read . and need a lot of accuracy and focus to understand. Positive news contains events but not as important negative news events.
Design: This Study Used: 1) The Structure of the story
Inverted Pyramid
Narrative
2) Emotion Tone
Social topics: (Smoking and drugs)
Sensitive topics: (Politics and war)
3) Repetition
Story model
Results: We came up with several hypotheses: 1) Participants will recall inverted pyramid stories earlier and more accurately than narrative stories 2) Participants will spend Less time on inverted pyramid stories than narrative stories 3) Participants will recall negative stories earlier and more accurately than positive stories 4) Participants will spend more time on negative stories than positive stories
Discussion: The structure of the story is done by:
Inverted pyramid structure
Narrative style
Emotion Tone:
Positive story (Love , win , happiness)
Negative story (Death , Broken)
Using different electronic media:
video , image , Animation
Conclusion:
ď‚´ Structure and Emotion did not interact on any dependent variables
Will new form information processing appear ?
. Take away:
The difference between inverted pyramid template and narrative style in terms of importance and accuracy , whichever is better. The difference between negative news and positive news, and knowing the quality of peoples favorite news. At the point of the story style they didn’t mentioned the sound in the electronic story.
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VIDEO JOURNALISM AS A SOCIAL AND MATERIAL By : Mary Angela Bock Journalism & mass communication quarterly ID: 119558
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Outline -introduction -video journalism origins -news practice and narratives -method -findings and Discussion -result -conclusion
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introduction
In the era convergence, most newspapers turn into visual journalism, specifically, video journalism, the most important feature of video journalism is one person shoot. This topic discusses the daily practices of video journalists in various job such as newspapers and TV.
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Video journalism origins Photo journalism has helped to spread video journalism, but the subject has not been raised academically in the past. Michael Rosenblum was the first to introduce the phrase in one of his lectures at Columbia University. Video journalism features: Quick news writing and editing and shooting scenes make the story clearer.
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News practice and narratives Journalism is a social construction useful for research, investigation and scientific. The gatekeepers theory is useful in discovering how news is sorted and selected. Siegel found that the theory of gatekeepers caused half the national news to become routine. According to television studies, the need for visual images has become a critical gateway that favors easily accessible events such as fires and car accidents. The impact of modern technologies on journalism has inspired researchers to research this aspect.
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Approach 1: focused sociological occupations and the degree to which journalists complied with group rules and ethics. Approach 2: Researchers use a critical and cultural lens, pointing to the ways journalists shape their practices
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Researchers focused on the dynamics of newsrooms in the light of the convergence of roles, the new pressure and the conflict between organizational cultures that occur when journalists work with their competitors on television side by side. In the discussion of video journalism, the study focused on the following questions: RQ1: How does video journalism compare with other forms of news? How does the physical nature of photographic work affect the process? RQ1b: How does the individual nature of the work, the way one person depicts, writes and edits the story, influences the process? RQ2: How can video journalism affect its product?
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Method This study seeks to provide a rich understanding of visual journalism and its routine procedures. It combines ethnographic methods, such as participant observation and long-form interviews, with qualitative analysis of the stories produced by VJs under observation.
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Findings and discussion The answer to the first question is summarized in several functional points that show the difference between video journalism and other : -Pre-conceptualize the story based on former information And standards news -Locate and access interviews, events or scenes -record those interviews, events and scenes -Arrange these elements in narrative form -Paraphrase the story in a public presentation
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result Visual journalism differs from other forms of journalism because of individual and material. This discussion focused on the first question and left the second question to the public. According to the study, video journalists were quick to reach the story, while video journalists working on television felt they were less free to Access the story.
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conclusion The financial downturn in the news world is likely to continue if newspapers do not turn to video journalism, which has many options, many opportunities.
Big Data analysis in economics ID: 115268, 114654 Name of the article: Big Data & Society Authors: Linnet Taylor, Ralph Schroeder, and Eric Meyer Date: July-December 2014 Publisher: SAGA
:Contents •
Introduction
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Uses of Big Data
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The Importance of big data
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Big Data within economics
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Rationales for the adoption of Big Data approach
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challenges of interpreting Big Data
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Conclusion
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Take Away
:Introduction
Big Data is increasing in importance as a source of information about the social world . A Varity of social science disciplines have experimented with these new sources and types of data, with perhaps communication studies in the lead at the moment.
Uses of big data:
New casting
Mapping
censuses
Marketing
The importance of big data: ď‚ž
Every discipline is different in its reasons for adopting or rejecting, big data analysis, economics may be a useful case study because it occupies an interesting space at the intersection between academic and applied knowledge.
As Einav and Levin have pointed out 3 of these main character: This data become available in real time. One relates to the size of data. This data often involves aspects of human behavior.
Big Data within economics:
Professor Hal Varian
it is as highly multidimensional in terms of the number of variables per observation, the number of observations, or both, given the accessibility of more and more data – what Professor Hal Varian, Chief Economist at Google, referred to as ‘fat data, long data, extensible data and cheap data.
Rationales for the adoption of Big Data approach: This type of data allowed them to address problems in creative ways. Creating a new set of metrics for issues of economic.
The big data information is accurate.
Some of the challenges of interpreting Big Data
The difficulty of analyzing some big data, especially those related to .the medical aspect
. The difficulty of applying the results of big data analysis The lack of confidence of some researchers in the field of economics, where they suggested that a hypothesis associated with sorting the . results of the analysis of big data
Conclusion: ď‚ž The
study showed that the big data applied to the field of economy is both methodologically and epistemologically destructive. And that the economic researcher should expect a hypothesis and that to ensure the validity of data.
ď‚ž Big
data emerged as an appropriate force for the economy to measure consumer behavior.
Take Away: ď‚ž As
, we are journalists we can use big data analysis to figure out the trends of newspaper readers, helping to reduce the gap between the target audience and the editors of the media.
Karen McIntyre1, Kyser Lough2, and Keyris Manzanares1 Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly SAGE 2018 Done By: 120564 116297
Wednesday, November20,2019 JOURNALISM & TECHNOLOGY FALL19 9
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Introduction
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Literature Review - Solutions Journalism
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The Impact of Visuals
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Method - Design and Procedure
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Stimuli
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Solution-oriented
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Discussion and Conclusion 9
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Journalism practice is an ever-shifting and growing field, as professionals and academics seek to find and test better ways of bringing news to the public. One such practice gaining traction in the field is solutions journalism, which guides journalists to examine what is working to fix a particular problem instead of solely writing about society’s problems.
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As more research emerges detailing the effects of solutions journalism, it will be just as important to include visuals as well as the potential for conflict, or incongruency, between story and image.
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Solution Journalism Solutions journalism is a practice of reporting in which the author presents, in a
critical and comprehensive way, information relating to what members of the public. Reporters are not proposing or creating the responses themselves but instead are reporting what others are already doing.
The story clearly focuses on the response(s) in addition to the issue itself and
gives it more than just a sentence at the end of the story.
. Articles using this technique focus not just on how people struggle with poverty,
for example, but also on what individuals, communities, and institutions are doing to help those who are in need. Solutions journalism is in contrast to more traditional stories that tend to focus on problems
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The relationship between words and images in news stories is complex. Each element transmits a message to the audience, but they can also work together at the multimodal level to create a gestalt meaning. The reader takes in and processes all elements of a text, both the words and the images, and constructs coherent meaning from them as a whole.
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The inclusion of photos versus a word-only presentation increases audience selection of news stories and audience interest.
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The inclusion of photos versus a word-only presentation increases audience selection of news stories and audience interest . Furthermore, certain types of photos may have stronger effects: Viewers like visuals that show action and conflict, and “threatening images” versus “innocuous images” have been found to increase selection and interest more than the presence of other images .
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In many instances, photos affected print media because of their influence on an individual’s levels of involvement, emotion, and attitude.
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Certain visuals that depict action, conflict, or even a neutral stance have affected readers’ overall attitudes, and 9
Participants were randomly assigned to read a solution-oriented news story or a conflictoriented news story, either of which was paired with a solution-oriented photo, conflict- oriented photo, or neutral photo.
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1
•
Positive affect
2
•
Negative affect
• Interest Selfefficacy 3
4 •
Behavioral intentions
5 •
Share on social media
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Read s i m i l a r stories
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Research story topic
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Talk about issue 9
News story. In all conditions, respondents were directed to a fictitious online news site, Network News, that was designed using Adobe Illustrator and was intended to look like a standard professional news website.
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This study sets out to explore the relationship between visuals and solution-oriented journalism.
Should be aware that publishing a conflict-oriented photo along with the story could mitigate the article’s positive effects.
Highly arousing emotions spur action.
Positive or mixed emotions can cause people to engage.
The relationship between visual and written components of a story, which can be complicated and nuanced. Research has shown that images that portray conflict and violence are “affectively compelling”.. Negative emotions, which participants felt after viewing a conflict-oriented image paired with a conflict-oriented story, can cause people to disengage. Reader interest was highest when the neutral image appeared. 9
Solutions journalism is rigorous and compelling reporting about responses to social problems.
It’s not about making people feel good or advocating for a certain policy .
Solutions Journalism Increases Reader Engagement.
It investigates and explains, in a critical and clear-eyed way, examples of people working toward solutions. It focuses not just on what may be working, but how and why it appears to be working, or alternatively, why it may be stumbling. Using the best available evidence, it delves deep into the how-to’s of problem solving.
Solutions stories engage people differently.
Solutions journalism can include reporting on responses that are working, partially working, or not working at all but producing useful insights.
Solutions-oriented journalism can, in many cases, provide a more accurate picture of the world. 99
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Provide solutions and opinions to resolve the issues at hand.
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Making a new relationship and building trust between the media and citizens.
■ Informing the public of problems and involving them in solving them.
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Information, Communication and Society
NEWS LITERACY, SOCIAL MEDIA BEHAVIORS, AND SKEPTICISM TOWARD INFORMATION ON SOCIAL MEDIA Emily K . Vraga & Melissa Tully Published online: 18 Jul 2019 .
MASS3101 19FL ID: 118330 - 113466
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EXPLANATION POINTS
• Introduction • Main point • Discussion • Conclusion • Take away
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INTRODUCTION: This study will be based on the knowledge of people who are familiar with social media and, who are skeptical about information to publish more than people who do not know much about. There are fears among the media about the news published in social media that lead to spreading the wrong things and lack of confidence in the news. Scientists say skepticism and critical thinking play a role in accepting and rejecting misinformation. The study will examine the American community of adults and will examine the relationship between three areas: 1- Defining news literacy. 2- Seeing and posting news and politics on social media. 3- Social media, misinformation, and skepticism.
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MAIN POINT: 1- Defining news literacy: * People need to be aware in changing media environments. * Introducing people to media literacy. * Media literacy among people in order to employ people skills in the certainty of news published on social media. Example: Some social media users do not take news from trusted accounts only take new news and publish them and they are unsure of its authenticity.
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2- Seeing and posting news and politics on social media: The dissemination of political news on social media takes several forms: *Original content is created. *Or you are republishing. ďƒ˜ People with less social media involvement are eager to fix online news mistakes or participate in a problem that concerns them. ďƒ˜ Example: There are a lot of fake accounts of well-known and documented political figures, but young social media users do not investigate the account and republish those tweets in their account and those tweets are usually wrong.
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3- Social media, misinformation, and skepticism: ď ą There is a lot of dependence of young people on social media who take the news from them. ď ą Individuals tend to accept new information rather than suspicion, which in itself is harmful if the new information is fake. ď ą Individuals' suspicions may turn from political news to ridicule if individuals are tired of testing their news. Example: Some young people believe some political news from social media and publish it orally to parents who do not have social media.
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METHODS: - Use a poll of American adults. - 788 adults participated. - This questionnaire reflects the population of the United States in terms of age, ethnicity and education. RESULTS : The amount of people exposed to news and political content on Twitter, YouTube and Facebook, Those with higher literacy literacy are more likely to report news and political information on Twitter. ďƒ˜ Political news is published in close proportions between three platforms, as follows - Twitter 63.2% - YouTube 54.3% - Facebook 53.6%
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3rd Qtr; 53.6
1st Qtr; 63.2
2nd Qtr; 54.3
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DISCUSSION :
Individuals with greater knowledge of news are less likely to be exposed to political news on all three platforms. There is a positive relationship between education and the dissemination of news and circulation on social media platforms. If people are not skeptical about the news on social media, this increases the spread of misinformation.
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CONCLUSION: ďƒ˜ Social media users should doubt published information to avoid posting false information. ďƒ˜ Young people should be made aware of the dangers of information posted on social media and provide them with the necessary expertise to verify that news.
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TAKE AWAY
If young people are provided with the experience of the crisis to verify the false news published, they will contribute to the repair of those published mistakes. There is a difference in the way news is taken, also in the credibility of the news. Using people to think critically helps them to find out what is wrong and helps them to investigate the reliable sites from which they take information.
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Automated content: - Is a text or a news story written with a new algorithmics relying on what people searching for in search engines, without the intervention of the human journalist.
November 25, 2019
Mass3101-Journalism Technology
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