Vladimir Jokic 389 997
Architecture Design Studio: AIR
Contents
Contents
Architecure Discourse
1 1 2 3-4
A Brief Outline on the Discourse of Architecture A Personal Project (Studley Park Boathouse) Blobwall (G. Lynn) Parametric Apartment Complex Proposal
Modern Computational Design
5 6
The Advantages of Computational Design Innovations in Computational Design
Performance Driven Design
7 8
Comparison of Old and New Design EcoTect Analysis
Modern Scripting
9-10 CJ R&D Center (Kinetic facade)
Matrix of Design Exploration
11-12 Matrix of Grasshopper explration 13 Promising design exploration
14
Airspace Tokyo- Voronoi Pattern
15 16
Digital Fabrication Gantenbein Winery
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Design Concept
18 Reflection
Reverse Engineered Case
Fabrication
Design Concept
Reflction
Architecure Discourse What defines Architecture?
The project for the Wyndham Gateway project needs to be an innovative and captivating installation that is to reflect the changing and developing area within the Wyndham region. For this project the use of parametric design seems the only appropriate solution because it represents the future of architecture which is one of the key points when ananlysing the region. It has many advantages over conventional design, and can play a role in creating an attraction that defines the region.
My Personal Project Studley Park Boathouse
The project involved designing a new boathouse in the mould of a certain architect, in this case Alvar Aalto, the renowned Finnish architect of the 20th Century. The focus of the project was to create a boathouse which would create a building which would become a local attraction to the site, whilst capturing key elements from Aalto’s works (in this case public buildings because of the scale of the project) and translating those same ideas and elements into the 21st century. What this project taught me was to how to select key elements, develop them and use them to drive a design which I intend to do with the installation in Wynhdam City Council.
1Tip!
My first point of focus in creating a work based on Aalto’s revered architecture was to focus on the interaction with the surrounding environment, using the landscape to shape the design using materials to represent the surrounds. material honesty was a key component of his work. He used materials to express structure or culture both local and national.
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The second focus point of my design was the organisation of space according to importance, especially considering this was a public building.
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The third area of focus was in creating a public space which would be both an attraction to non paying patrons as well, ergo be a place of socialisation and interaction.
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The form had to represent the building’s strong public importance, which is why it revised the ‘tun’ form to bring the project into architecture more indicative of today.
The Blobwall installation is the first internationally renowned project I would like to ananlyse as part of my proposal for the use of technology driven approach to create the roadside installation in Werribee. The success of the Blobwall and the global interest in it lies with how Lynn was able to redefine what ‘building blocks’ could be. Instead of being rectangular as is the norm, he proposed, designed and built an installation that uses individually designed ‘blobs’ as the building blocks for construction.
The Blobwall By: Greg Lynn
It’s success also stems from Lynn’s daring and technology driven approach to architecture, the building form is computer and software driven to respond to certain drivers (wall curvature, number of ‘blocks’ etc.). The process of computer modelling allows for paperless architecture, one which is not relaint on people being able to read architectural drawings but rather have interactive 3D models to examine and study during construction, it allows for changes to be instantaneously reflected in the design/model. It is an adaptive and intitive process .
The installation redefined architecture by challanging people to think outside the norm. it was a groundbreaking project, but that is so often the case with new and groundbreaking works when they first appear. This type of installation creates several ideas which I hope to recreate with my installation, the primary being the creation of an installation that comes to define the region by creating an installation that creates global and local interest.
review Parametric Apartments London
Advancing the Architectural Discourse This building along with Lynn’s Blobwall are moving architecture into a new domain. They are redefining the design process and buildings elements by pioneering a contraversial design system based in the virtual world.
I have chosen this project because it builds on the princples of Lynn’s work with the Blobwall installation but translates them into a design proposal for an apartment complex in London.
They have moved away from an archaic method of architecture towards a more adaptive and collaborative process by which the needs of all are taken into consideration. This allows for more responsive and immediate alterations to be visualised, for architecture which is designed to respond to drivers, for more flexible modelling allowing multiple designs, for the building to evolve with the changes around it.
Whilst the connection between this and project and that of the Blobwall is not immediately clear, beside the obvious use of parametric modelling and the futuristic shapes, they do share the same design principles and forward thinking. The building form is driven by the design influences, problems, requirements or problems, as opposed to conventional procedure or deriving a form and inside it fitting the elements required by the stakeholders.
The movement away from paper architecture frees the architects to explore forms which cannot be achieved or realised with conventional methods, for more collaboration between architects, engineers, occupants, as opposed to a system by which th edesigns are passed on and redrawn as before. It turns concpetualised works into realisable projects.
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These apartments are made using parametric computer modelling. Each of these apartments is comprised of individual elements of ‘blocks’ ala Lynn that are pieced together depending on the needs of the tenants. This design takes great inspiration from nature; natural growth (seed and up), phyllotaxis and phototropism.
The relationships of elements are the drivers in the form, as can be seen on the images to the left no building looks alike, as no combination of tenants is alike in their requirement and needs.
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There is potential in this design for it to become a dynamic design, in that the building is able to be adjusted to changes in the drivers. The building can update itself in the virtual world to changes in the drivers readily, which potentially be realsied in the real world with varying projects, like possibly at Werribee.
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The image top left illustrates how these buildings rise up from the ground according to the different algorithms which are dependant on the who lives there, their occupation, number of occupants etc. This allows architects the freedom to focus on providing an appropriate structure to all stakeholders, which is needed at Wyndham Council.
The installation in Wyndenham needs to engage with modern and contemporary design and digital culture and use this to create an installation that becomes synonymous with art and culture.
Advantages of Computational Design
One of the most widely used analysis tools by para-
The use of computational software has enabled architects and designers worldwide to experiment and create buildings, installations and fixtures previously unfathomable.
easier communication, design feedback enabling de-
The ability to transfer computer generated models straight to a digital fabrication facility has meant that architects and designers are not limited to ‘off-theshelf-components’ but instead allows for complex forms and geometries (double curves) to be easliy made and assembled.
metric designers in Grasshopper is the Geco plugin which connects to Autodesk Ecotect. The purpose of this software is to visualise performance data for signers to make amendments to designs to achieve a cooler and more energy efficeint building, which in a world heavily influenced by .
The
Scripting allows for designs to be developed from a bottom up approach, and to be free to derive the form from aspects of building performance. An example of this is the Jyväskylä Music and Arts Center in Finland by OCEAN Design Research Association. The script follows 3 points to derive the form 1- location, orientation and density of struts, 2- structural, acoustic performance requirements and 3- design guidelines (i.e.
Parametric Design
3 lattice systems, volume of space etc.)
Advantages of Digital Modelling
Parametric architecture needs to be used for the gateway project because it is symbolic of not only a cultural shift to more performance driven architecture but of a change in thinking of architects. the buildings, installations or sculptures are modelled around parameters. The parameters influence the design by setting restrictions on size, shape, geometry, rotation, etc., however these restrictions on the parameters should not be viewed as prohibitive restrictions but rather as design opportunities. The dynamic, growing and thriving area that Wyndham is in need of an installation that will create a cultural and visual representation of the community, which is why parametric architecture is most appropriate. The council is provided with a unique opportunity to represent the growth of the area by utilising a design system and methodology that is growing in popularity globally, thus positioning the area as a leader in design and ergo positively portraying the area internationally and nationally.
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The models update almost instantaneously meaning they are always accurate reducing the chances of error in design or fabrication in comparison to paper arch.
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The ability to easily fabricate the models using custom made pieces increases the scope of design.
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Unlike paper architecture there is an error checking system in place to help diagnose errors in scripting and help to resolve these issues.
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One of the key positives of 3D architecture is the ability to constantly preview what the designed object will look like unlike paper architecture.
The
Data simulation and modelling occurs in close to real time, allowing quicker responses by designers to problems. This can be seen in the AA Component Membrane in London, which used software to map the movement of the sun to guide the design of the rooftop canopy (to provide maximum shade) whilst also dealing with wind loads and precipitation. The response of the canopy to the elements was what drove the design. The upside of using computational software is that the software derives the data for manufacturing for the assembly members.
ECOTECT
Nem cor aligent
Mod quaspic tecusam et quatus eicabores
SPORTS STADIUM DESIGN Design Proposal
One of the biggest advantages of parametric architec-
Parametric design does however come with some
ture and design is the ability to create complex
downsides. Design can be restricted by the
geometries like in the example above of ... The software in the above example was able to calculate the loads exerted on each of the individualised members, such that the structure would be able to function properly. It allows for repetetive tasks to be completed with ease which is important for our design which features a repeating
capabilities of the computer program
new vs.old
pattern over a number of panels.
and software to compute or analyse elements. Certain aspects of the design might be unachievable in the digital realm because the software does not have the necessary function to achieve the desired result, however as more people are becoming involved in scripting, problems are being solved as they arise. However the biggest hurdle for many to overcome is the initial
trepedation which comes as a result of being exposed to something new, and having to learn and adapt to a completely new way of design.
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Parametric modelling and architecture is more flexible because it allows for the designer’s or architect’s true intent to be brought to fruition as the designer has full control of all elements and is not reliant on elements which can be bought of the shelf.
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The reason that many choose to design and work with paper architecture is the fear of designing in a new method, the fear associated with being exposed to an unknown especially one as frightening as computer programming.
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Autodesk Ecotect Analysis is a sustainable environmental design software. It is a software that allow for stimulation of mutiple building analyses. It can calculate greenhouse gas emissions, energy usage, building thermal performance, water usage, solar radiation, daylight and shadows as well as many other environmental analyses.
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The advantage of using software like Ecotect are significant. They allow for building optimisation to occur as a result of a series of data simulations of building performance. Building optimisation is of great importance in the 21st century because of issues arising from global warming and increasing material scarcity.
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The ability to receive feedback on design performance and subsequently making the necessary adjustments to fix points of concern or make more efficient design decisions based around opportunities for better design is another advantaged offered by software like this. It allows for design to be influenced by the opportunites presented by performance to shape form.
CJ R&D Center -Kinetic Facade
Conceptual Design At this stage in the design process the team to design a pattern or image which is to guide the design process, it allows the team to subsequently work on finding the conflicts between the design idea and building performance.
This is a project which uses modern scripting techniques in order to create architecture which is both representative of future architecture as well as architecture which responds better to environmental conditions or other facrtors specified by the clients or architects to create fundamentally better buildings.
Modelling In this stage, the team uses modelling and parametric techniques to analyse and develop the design to respond to the stimuli analysed (sun, wind etc.). These can be done by a variety of methods, either scripting (Grasshopper) or modelling (3Dstudio Max).
This is a design by Yazdani Studio as part of Cannon Design research initiative into individual surface system components which are able to better respond to environmental or other local stimuli.
Analysis & Tuning At this stage the building performance is measured using software and based on the results the building is adjusted to perform more efficently. It creates a circular process of design by the presence of flexible parameters.
They refer to these systems as Paratronic surfaces, in reference to a biological term used to describe this system whithin plants.
Documentation In the last stage, the desings are presented in documentation drawings, the files are prepared for manufacturing, vreate physical models for the clients to visualise the final outcome.
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The biggest advantages that this type of construction provides over the usual ‘static’ designs is that they enable the architects and clients to set crieria or parameters which allow it to be built in response to those, especially in regards to exterior skins as in this example, it results in design without preconceptions. The building is seen and performs like a living organism.
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One of the biggest concerns when designing buildings as such is that they can be designed purely to respond to certain conditions and as such the buildings can be impractical, too complex or become an eyesore, but this building has managed to create an environmentally firendly building that not only performs well environmnetally but has a focus also has an aesthetic quality provided by the use of long flowing curves whcih are linearly stacked. The horizontality balances the use of rounded towers and curved passageways between the two towers.
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One of the areas most where there is room for most improvement with such design comes from the ability to use software to adjust buildings to certain parameters which is key in designing a suitable structure for Wyndham City Council.
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The kinetic facade was modelled using 3D mechanical modelling software that allowed for the creation of multiple relationships with complex geometry. However the designers noted that programs like Inventor and Solid Works could potentially in the future be able to run more complex problems and identify points of stress and recommend improvements in real time.
This building is an attempt to create a building with a outer skin that responds in real time to solar radiation by using a scissor mechanism onto which the membrane would be placed. The membrane would filter out direct sunlight and minismise glare whilst also allowing for natural light to enter when opened. What this project shows is the capability of software to design focus driven fixtures, and the design process in general.
Reverse Engineered Case In order to gauge a better understanding of scriting and how it has translated to real world finished articles of architecture, I have reverse engineered a finished project in Airspace Tokyo. The purpose of this exercise is to The above exploration in Grasshopper promised to have the most potential as it was a true representation of parametric design and surface manipulation driven by a parameter. In this case the surface “windows� are either populated by a box or another quadilateral depending on the surface relationship to the sun in radians (vector)
understand how to translate the architectural ideas for an installation into Grasshopper scripts. This will help in the task of creating the Gateway project because it will help us with developing a suitable script to match our design intent. The above exploration in Grasshopper is of mathematical equations (multiple) and using then and RUnion to create interesting growth patterns.
For this study I have chosen to recreate the Airspace Tokyo because our group is interested in pattern movement and overlays of layers to create a changing or moving image. This building utilises different laters and pattern overlays to create varying effects with light and shadows within the structue.
The above exploration in Grasshopper is of punched out circles to a curved surface using surface normals to ensure that they are aligned with the surface. The exploration to the right in Grasshopper is of to do with creating patterns using RUnions and Attractor Points. The exploration to the left in Grasshopper is ofpattern creation using Boolean points and Arbitrary points. These patterns in particular are reflective of changes in the Boolean Pattern (True and False values).
Digital Fabrication
Nem cor aligent
Mod quaspic tecusam et quatus eicabores
As discussed previously one of the biggest advantages to a parametric and computer based modelling approach is the ability to build using digital fabrication methods such as lasers cutters, 3D printers, and construction facilitated by the use of robots.
The process of fabrication using a laser cutter using with Grasshopper and Rhino is a simple and intuitive process. The Rhino model has to be flattened into 2 dimensional strips (unrolled from a 3 dimensional form). These strips are labelled according to their location within the model, i.e. strip 2, row 3, left etc. The fabrication allows for the creation of individual pieces which join together to create smooth and curved surfaces. The fabrication process allows for the creation of complex geometries through the assembly and cutting of simpler geometries and shapes which when connected result in the creation of complex shapes.
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The use of laser cutters has become almost common place in both the educational and professional domain with regards to architecture and design. They provide enormous advantages over non pre fabricated models, as they provide incredible accuracy when cutting the irregularly shaped individual complex geometries that often define parametric and computational design. The cost of machines varies significantly and the amount of programming and modes also varies, but generally speaking they are easy and intuitive to use.
The advantage of these methods to other regular construction methods is that they provide a more efficient and accurate realised project whcih are often comprised of irregularly shaped complex geometries which have many complex connections and joints based around the unique and irregualr patterns which would be non realisable without these technologies.
Fabriaction process and how it could apply to this project. We envisage the fabrication process to involve the creation of tabs, cutouts, clamps and folds to create curved surfaces of the panels and louvers. The joint system could possibly take the shape of the connections in that of the above image, which are basically clips from one piece or strip of cutout material with a similar cutout which is perpendicular to the other strip.
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The second most common method of digital fabrication comes in the form of 3D printing .This method prints the models in layers comprised of fine plaster dust. The model is reproduced in high detail, however the practice in the professional world is considerably less in comparison to than that of laser cutters and in the education sector because the cost is considerably higher for professionals. The biggest concern with 3D printing is designing the scale models as opposed to the proposed installation as the models have to be thicker than necessary in full size realised projects.
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The above image above is of the Gantenbein winery in Switzerland. The brick facade was fabricated by a specialy designed robot. It individually placed all the bricks, cut them to size and applied a specially designed bonding material to the bricks to join them. The panels were transported and lifted onto the site.
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We believe that the way this would be fabricated would be through a series of flat surfaces with the perforations and then tabbed together to create the curved surface. The louvers would be attached with a locking tab system to ensure structural stability.
Architects tend to draw what they can build and build what they can draw. This stems from architects being limited to design with elements like steel and bricks that come in size and shapes provided by the manufacturers but the ability to create individual non uniform buildings elements opens up a whole new world for designers by releasing them from the confines of regular forms to one where they are free to experiment and design and build as they envisage.
CONCEPT
Reflection
Cultural Bridge On reflection the development process of design facilitated by the use of parmetric architecture and modelling is undeniably more efficient and appropriate than paper architecture when it comes to design of the roadside installation at Wydenham. The process of design is more streamlined, and quicker because the manipulation of surfaces and patterns in Grasshopper and Rhino are almost instantaneously reflected in the model and the result of this is that there is more exploration of design and the outcomes which will result in better architecture.
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The thinking behind our concept design was that we wanted to create an installation that would create a cultural bridge between modern scripting and architectural techniques with the existing indigineous culture of Australia and in particular the Werribee area.
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Our concept was to create a moving/morphing image or roadside flip book that would show a transition between a series or images (possibly with cultural reference) seperated by large verical louvers to create a visually stimulating design, and feature. The design would create a moving image as people would drive by.
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We hope to integrate indigineous Australian dot painting techniques and colour schemes into the panels to create a cultural link to the past inhabitants of Werribee region. We were inspired by the geometric shapes and colours of the Spanish pavillion of 2005 and of course dot paintings by native Australian inhabitants.
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Digital design is superior to archaic paper architecture because it is able to produce complex geometries, is a more efficient and streamlined form of design and is something which is being increasingly used whcih very much makes it a style and way of thinking for future architecture, which presents Wydnham a unique opportunity to get ahead of the curve.
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The biggest concern we have with this design concept proceeding forward is the possibilty of being racially insensitive which was brought up as a possible outcome of trying to create a monument which attempts to bridge two societies which do have animosity between them, which is we need to focus on creating a less polarizing and less socially sensitive installation.
The fabrication process of laser cutting has many superior qualities to that of hand made models, installations. The precison in cuts is unmatched, the speed of fabrication and cost are further advantages, but perhaps the biggest advantage lies in the ability to fabricate unique and complex geometries which without the use of digital fabrication methods would be impossible. Digital design and fabrication is the future and Wyndham Council needs to choose this method to demonstrate that it is one of the main centres of future growth, development and modernity.