Basic Knit

Page 1

Casting On—Slip Knot

A

Basic Knitting instructions

B

C

D

The cast on methods shown begin with a slip knot. 1. Lay yarn across the palm of your hand and hold it with two fingers (Photo A). 2. Wrap yarn around first two fingers (Photo B). 3. Bring yarn to back of hand, bring up between fingers and through the loop (Photo C). 4. Slide yarn off fingers and pull loop to tighten the knot (Photo D).

E

5. Place loop on needle and pull on yarn end to tighten (Photo E).

Knitted Cast On

A

B

C

D

The knitted cast on method produces a loose, soft edge. This would not be a good choice for a garment with a ribbed edge, as it will look sloppy.

2. Wrap yarn from back

1. Make a slip knot, leav-

wrapped yarn on right

ing a short tail (at least

needle. Wrapped yarn

4"); place slip knot on left

forms a new stitch on right

needle. Insert tip of right

needle (Photo C).

needle from left to right

4. Insert left needle from

5. Remove right needle

6. Repeat Steps #2–#5 to

through the loop. Tip of

right to left through loop on

from loop and gently

cast on required number of

right needle will be behind

right needle (Photo D).

tighten stitch on left needle

stitches.

left needle (Photo A).

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to front over right needle, then down between the two needles (Photo B).

3. Bring tip of right needle forward through stitch on left needle, keeping

E

(Photo E).

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Twisted Loop Cast On

A

B

The twisted loop cast on is an easy method that will produce a soft, elastic edge. It is a great choice for adding on stitches or when knitting lace.

Knit smart™

C

If your cast on stitches are too tight, use a needle one or two sizes larger than the pattern calls for. Switch back to correct needle size before you begin to knit.

1. Make a slip knot with a tail long enough to cast on required number of stitches (about ½" per stitch); place slip knot on needle. Holding needle and yarn tail from ball in right hand, wrap yarn from back to front around left thumb; hold tail with your fingers (Photo A).

2. Bring needle from bottom to top through loop of yarn on thumb (Photo B). 3. Slide loop off thumb and pull on yarn tail to tighten loop on needle (Photo C). 4. Repeat Steps #2 and #3 to cast on required number of stitches.

Two Strand Cast On

A

B

The two-strand cast on is another easy method. It a great choice for most situations, and produces a strong edge with some elasticity. It will look better if the first row of your project is a wrong side row.

C

slip knot in place with right

4. Bring needle from top to

index finger, place thumb

bottom back through loop

and index finger of left hand

on thumb, keeping yarn

between the two yarn tails.

loop on needle (Photo D).

Wrap short tail around index

5. Slip thumb out of its

finger and tail from ball

loop and bring it down un-

around thumb. Hold tails

der the yarn tail at the front

with ring and pinky finger

of the needle. Pull with

(Photo A).

thumb and index finger to

1. Make a slip knot with a

2. Bring needle from bot-

gently tighten cast on stitch

tail long enough to cast on

tom to top through loop on

(Photo E).

required number of stitches

thumb (Photo B).

6. Repeat Steps #2–#5 to

(about ½" per stitch); place

3. Bring needle from right

cast on required number of

slip knot on needle. Holding

to left through loop on

stitches.

D

E

finger (Photo C).

2

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Knit Stitch

Hold needle with stitches in

Wrap yarn from back to

Bring tip of right needle

Slide right needle to the

left hand; hold empty needle

front over right needle,

forward through stitch

right, slipping stitch off left

in right hand. Insert tip of

then down between the

on left needle, keeping

needle. Continue in same

right needle from left to right

two needles.

wrapped yarn on right

manner to end of row.

into front of stitch on left

needle. Wrapped yarn forms

needle. Tip of right needle

a new stitch on right needle.

will be behind left needle.

Purl Stitch

Hold needle with stitches in

Wrap yarn from right to left

Bring tip of right needle

Slide right needle to the

left hand; hold empty needle

around right needle.

backward through stitch

right, slipping stitch off left

in right hand. Insert tip of

on left needle, keeping

needle. Continue in same

right needle from right to left

wrapped yarn on right

manner to end of row.

into front of stitch on left

needle. Wrapped yarn forms

needle. Yarn and right needle

a new stitch on right needle.

will be in front of left needle.

Stockinette Stitch Cast on the required number of stitches. Knit all stitches in first row. Purl all stitches in second row. Repeat these two rows for stockinette stitch. www.LoveofKnitting.com

Knit Side

Purl Side (Reverse Stockinette Stitch) Summer 2010

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Ribbing

Binding Off

1 With yarn in back, knit

Knit first two stitches from left needle.

2 Insert left needle from left to right into

first stitch of row. Bring

front of first stitch on right needle. Lift

yarn to front between tips

first stitch over second stitch and over

of needles.

end of right needle.

3

4

With yarn in front, purl next

Slip left needle out of stitch and let

Knit next stitch from left needle and

stitch. Bring yarn to back

it drop. (One stitch remains on right

repeat the last two steps. Continue

between tips of needles.

needle.)

across row until there are no stitches on left needle and one stitch remains on right needle.

5 Continue alternating knit

Cut yarn, leaving at least a 4" tail. Pull

and purl stitches in this

end of yarn through loop of last stitch.

6 Pull on yarn tail to tighten the loop.

manner to end of row.

4

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Increase

At point of increase, knit

Insert tip of right needle

Wrap yarn from back to

Slide right needle to the

stitch, but do not remove

from right to left through

front around right needle;

right, slipping stitch off left

stitch from left needle.

back of same loop on left

bring right needle forward

needle. You have increased

needle. Tip of right needle

through stitch on left needle,

one stitch.

will be behind left needle.

keeping wrapped yarn on right needle. There are now two stitches on right needle.

Decrease—Knit 2 Together (k2tog)

At point of decrease, insert

Wrap yarn from back to

Slide right needle to the

Decrease will slant toward

right needle from left to

front around right needle;

right, slipping stitches off

the right.

right through two stitches.

bring right needle forward

left needle. You have

through both stitches on left

decreased one stitch.

needle. Wrapped yarn forms stitch on right needle.

Decrease—Slip, Slip, Knit (ssk)

At point of decrease, slip

Wrap yarn from back to

Slide right needle to the

Decrease will slant toward

two stitches knitwise onto

front around right needle;

right, slipping stitches off

the left.

right needle. Insert left needle

bring right needle forward

left needle. You have

from left to right through

through both stitches on left

decreased one stitch.

front of the two slipped

needle. Wrapped yarn forms

stitches on right needle.

stitch on right needle.

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Felting Wool Sweaters

Grafting or Kitchener Stitch

1. Choose 100% wool sweaters or items with minimal nylon content.

2. Machine wash 2 to 3

1

2

3

sweaters of similar color

Arrange two pieces of

Insert yarn needle through

Bring yarn needle through

together in hot water

knitting with same number of

first stitch on back needle

first stitch on front needle as

and mild fabric soap,

stitches on each needle and

as if to knit. Leave stitch on

if to knit and slip stitch off

with regular to high

wrong sides facing. Thread

needle.

needle. Bring yarn needle

agitation, until the knit

the tail from the back piece

through next front stitch as

stitches disappear.

through yarn needle. Insert

if to purl and leave stitch on

3. Rinse in warm water,

yarn needle as if to purl in

needle.

then spin and/or towel

first stitch on front needle.

blot to remove water.

Leave stitch on needle.

Machine dry on air fluff setting or lay flat to dry.

Knit smart™ Washer bags work well for felting small pieces and sweaters with long fibers.

4

5

Bring yarn needle through first

Repeat steps #3 and #4 until no stitches remain on needles.

4. When sweaters are

stitch on back needle as if to

Adjust tension of the stitches as you go to make them

dry, cut along side,

purl and slip stitch off needle.

match the knitted stitches.

shoulder, and arm

Bring yarn needle through

Note: We used a contrasting yarn in our sample to show

seams to make flat

next back stitch as if to knit

the stitches better. Use matching yarn when grafting two

single layer pieces.

and leave stitch on needle.

pieces together.

Keep sleeves in tube shape until you decide on your project.

Check Your Gauge For best results, always take time to check

NOTE: Sweaters will

your gauge. Using the same needles and yarn

shrink more in length

you will use for your project, knit a swatch

than width.

that is about 5" (12.5 cm) square. Count the number of stitches and rows in 4". If you have more rows or stitches than indicated in your pattern, try larger needles and knit another swatch. If you have fewer rows or stitches than indicated, make another swatch using smaller needles. Continue this process until your swatch matches the numbers given in your pattern. Although this seems tedious, it is worth the time to increase the accuracy of the finished size of your project.

6

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Standard Knitting Abbreviations

STANDARDS & GUIDELINES FOR CROCHET AND KNITTING

STANDARDS & GUIDELI

Standard Yarn Weight System Categories of yarn, gauge ranges, and recommended needle and hook sizes Yarn Weight Symbol & Category Names Type of Yarns in Category

* repeat starting point

(repeat from *)

Sistema de Peso E

** repeat all instructions

between asterisks

( ) alternate measurements

Nume

and/or work instructions in Lace

Super Fine

Fine

Light

Medium

Bulky

Super Bulky

parentheses in place directed

Fingering 10 count crochet thread

Sock, Fingering, Baby

Sport, Baby

DK, Light Worsted

Worsted, Afghan, Aran

Chunky, Craft, Rug

Bulky, Roving

a specified number of times

Knit Gauge Range* in Stockinette Stitch to 4 inches

33 –40** sts

27–32 sts

Recommended Needle in Metric Size Range

1.5–2.25 mm

Recommended Needle U.S. Size Range

000 to 1

Crochet Gauge* Ranges in Single Crochet to 4 inch

32-42 double crochets**

21–32 sts

Recommended Hook in Metric Size Range

Steel*** 1.6–1.4mm Regular hook 2.25 mm

2.25—3.5 mm

Recommended Hook U.S. Size Range

Steel*** 6, 7, 8 Regular hook B–1

B–1 to E–4

2.25—3.25 mm

1 to 3

23–26 sts

3.25—3.75 mm

3 to 5

16–20 sts

21–24 sts

3.75—4.5 mm

5 to 7

12–17 sts

16–20 sts

4.5—5.5 mm

7 to 9

11–14 sts

12–15 sts

5.5—8 mm

9 to 11

8–11 sts

6–11 sts

8 mm and larger 11 and larger 5–9 sts

E–4 to 7

4.5—5.5 mm

7 to I–9

5.5—6.5 mm

I–9 to K–101⁄2

6.5—9 mm

K–101⁄2 to M–13

9 mm and larger

M–13 and larger

* GUIDELINES ONLY: The above reflect the most commonly used gauges and needle or hook sizes for specific yarn categories. ** Lace weight yarns are usually knitted or crocheted on larger needles and hooks to create lacy, openwork patterns. Accordingly, a gauge range is difficult to determine. Always follow the gauge stated in your pattern.

Nombres de la Categoria

approx approximately Tipos de

Liston

Super Fino

Estambre

Calcetin,

Estambres begin,delgado beg beginning; begins Digitación,

bet between

BO bind off

Actuales dentro de la Categoria

Crochet calibre 10

BOR beginning or a 40 Rango del of row 33

Calibre del round

sts

from Agujacable needle 1.5 a 2.25

Recomendada mm C2F Slip 1 st to cable needle

2.25 a 3.25 3 mm

Tamaño Metrico

from cable needle Aguja

000 a 1

C4B Slip 2 sts to cable needle Recomendada

1a3

en hold el Rango and indeback, k2, k2 Tamaño paraneedle E.U. from cable

Calibre a 42 C4F Slip 2 stsdeto cable 32 needle

Crochet en punto and holdSencillo in front, k2, Crochet altok2 de 4cable Pulgadasneedle from

CC contrasting color Acero Gancho Recomendado 1.6 a 1.4 mm cdd centered double en el Rango de

21 a 32 sts

2.25 a 3.5 mm

Gancho

decrease. sl 2 tog,normal K1, Tamano Metrico

pass the slipped stiches 2.25 mm over (together) Gancho

Acero 6, 7, 8 en el Rango de Gancho cm centimeter(s) Tamano para E.U. normal B-1 Recomendado ch chain

cn cable needle

This Standards & Guidelines booklet and downloadable symbol artwork are available at: YarnStandards.com

cont continue(s); continuing

dec(s) decrease(s); decreasing

CO cast on

DPN double-pointed needles

EOR every other row

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27 a 32 sts

en el Rango de and hold in front, k1, k1

From The Craft Yarn Council of America

e

C2B Slip 1 st to cable needle

*** Steel crochet hooks are sized differently from regular hooks--the higher the number, the smaller the hook, which is the reverse of regular hook sizing.

Bebe

Punto en Tela de Punto de and hold in back, k1, k1 4 Pulgadas

3.5—4.5 mm

Nuevos [ ] work instructions in brackets

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B–1 a E–4


grp(s) group(s)

p2sso pass two slipped stitches

over

k knit

inc increase(s); increasing

k1f&b knit into front and back of

with RS facing you

same stitch

k1 tbl knit 1 through the back

PU pick up and knit stitches pwise purlwise RC right cross

T2F Slip 1 st to cable

needle and hold in front, p1, k1 from cable needle tbl through back loop

tog together

loop

rem remain(s); remaining

WS wrong side

rep repeat; repeating

wyb with yarn in back

k2tog tbl purl 2 stitches together

rev St st reverse stockinette stitch

wyf with yarn in front

through the back loops

RH right hand

k3tog knit three stitches

rib ribbing

k2tog knit two stitches together

together kfb knit in front and back

kwise knitwise

rnd(s) round(s)

LC left cross

sc single crochet

LH left hand

sk skip

m(s) marker(s)

MC main color

(decrease)

mm millimeter(s)

sk2p/sl1-k2tog-psso

M1 make one (increase)

slip 1, knit 2 together,

M1L make one (front) (left).

pass slip stitch over the

An increase. From the

knit 2 together—2 stitch

front, lift loop between

decrease

stitches with left needle,

knit into back of loop.

sl 1k slip 1 knitwise

m1pl (make one purl left):

sl 1p slip 1 purlwise

Pick up bar between

needles with left needle

sl 2-k1-psso/sl 2tog-k1-p2sso

from front to back. Purl

slip 2 together, knit 1,

throught back loop.

pass 2 slipped sts over—

sl slip

sl 2 slip two together

2 stitch decrease

Pick up bar between

needles with left needle

unless otherwise

from back to front. Purl.

indicated)

M1R make one (back) (right).

sl st slip stitch (sl 1 st pwise

ssk slip 1 knitwise, slip 1 kwise,

An increase. From the

k2 sl sts tog tbl (decrease)

back, lift loop between

stitches with left needle,

needle, pass second st on

knit into front of loop.

LH needle over last st, slip

oz ounce(s)

p1f&b purl into front and back of

same stitch

st(s) stitch(es) St st stockinette stitch

p2tog purl two stitches together

pat(s) pattern(s)

pm place marker

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T2B Slip 1 st to cable needle

and hold in back, k1, p1

psso pass slipped stitch over

8

ssp slip 1 kwise, slip 1 kwise,

p2 sl sts tog tbl (decrease)

SSK-P ssk, slip st back to LH

st back to RH needle

p purl

Standard Crochet Abbreviations

skp slip, knit, pass stitch over

m1pr (make one purl right):

yo2 yarn over twice

rev sc reverse single crochet

yo yarn over

RS right side

yd(s) yard(s)

ch chain stitch

dc double crochet

dc2tog double crochet 2 stitches together

dtr double treble crochet

hdc half double crochet

rnd (s) round(s)

sc single crochet

sc2tog single crochet 2 stitches together

sl st slip stitch

t-ch turning chain

tr treble crochet

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Summer 2010

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