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king Lam Lau 608214
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CONTENT PAGE
INTRODUCTION P. Part a. case for innovation p. part b. expreesion of interest p. part c. PROJECT PROPOSAL P. References P.
04-05 07-35 36-77 78-111 112
INTRODUCTION
introduction Hi there, I am KingLam! A Hong Kong girl who’s just arrived in Australia. Currently being a third year architecture student.
‘Architecture for me is an inadvertence, a surprise. It brings a lot of impossible into my life.’ For my existing knowledge of digital architecture, it is not often can we have a chance to design a conceptual and virtual digital project in Hong Kong. I mainly use AutoCAD, Revit, SketchUp and Photoshop as a tool to help me developing my ideas. Actually I am quite intereseted in learning new software and discovering new things. I am really exciting about this year study in Melbourne, as well as this studio. I hope can have more chances for me to explore more and create more ‘impossible’ both in my study and my life.
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pART A: CASE FOR INNOVATION a1. Architecture as a Discourse a2. Computational Architecture a3. Parametric Modelling a4. Algorithmic Explorations a5. Conclusion a6. Learning outcomes
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A1. Architecture as Discourse
Fig [1]: Melbourne Recital Centre and Melbourne Theatre Company buildings by ARM
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A1. Architecture as Discourse Architecture nowadays is not only a building that with a cover on our head, it can frames our lives, it defines our movement through a space, and we inhabit them. The most important thing is they can represent a city and act as a public icon. Architecture can be a form of art, a symbolic realm and a spatial experience. It is undoable Architecture is a form of art, as its unique position in public realm and uniquely compromised art. By expressing architecture as an individual work of art, it really becomes a favorable consideration for the challenging Gateway Project as it is looking for an exciting, eye catching installation. It is crucially that architecture is not only focusing on how it looks cool enough, but could it contain any positive contribution to the society. A highly concern is on the public acceptance of such a huge installation standing on their habitat, and is it favorable to the site and its inhabitants. Furthermore, the preservation of radical, cultural and meaningful architecture practices is also a critical point of view. Since the basic concepts and styles from each stage of history should have their hard core of principles and characteristics that make them stand alone through tendency. It is worth to preserve and study it. However, what crucially pushing our society moving forward is innovation and technology. For a successful architecture project, apart from the aesthetic standard, it needs to acheive a quality standard on few aspects - social, cultural and environmental. More than that, brave and new idea is another main concern in nowadays society. Architecture, should has its potential of changing people’s minds. Let’s people thinking on What architecture is, and what is architecture.
Williams, Richard, Architecture and Visual Culture, in Exploring Visual Culture: Definitions, Concepts, Contexts, ed. by Matthew Rampley (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005)
A1. Architecture as Discourse
Fig [2]: Door of Ernsting’s Warehouse
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Ernsting’s Warehouse ‘Architect’s real tool is neither a computer nor a
pencil, but his eye.’ , Santiago Calatrava.
This is the first book I saw, inadvertently, on Uni Melb Library which is a folio of Santiago Calatrava. Calatrava is an architect, a sculptor and also a structural engineer. His style is very personal, as bringing the division between structural engineering and architecture together, and ideas derives from numerous studies of the human body and the natural world. As an architect, the creativity is based on his/her horizon. It is not about how great the techniques he/she used or how famous he/she was. It is crucially how ‘far’ the person can ‘see’ and how to present those ‘things’ from their mind out from abstract to concrete so as to raise the public attention and a discourse. To go further, the influences by he/she could lead the trend of the entire world and become a marvel on the history. Figure [2] is showing that Calatrava designed the gate of Ernstings Warehouse in a engineering appearence but masterly emerged a humanized idea. It is really amazing and inspirable how he brings few disciplinary together to become another brilliant masterpiece, he said, ‘The eye is at the center of creativity that extends to a wide and diverse range of forms, inspired by human body, but also by natural world.’
Philip Jodidio, Santiago Calatrava : 1951, architect, engineer, artist (Hong Kong : Taschen, c2007.)
A1. Architecture as Discourse
The Miho Museum The Miho Museum is a joint Japanese and American project completed by the architect Dr. I. M. Pei. in 1996. It is located on a scenic mountainside in a nature preserve of Shigaraki, Japan. Since the Japanese culture and tradition is strove to bring their buildings into harmony with their environment and the surrounding view. Therefore the architect has a very conscious attempt to make the silhouette of building comfortable in the natural landscape. Before entering the museum, visitors need to walk through a tunnel which is used in sound-absorption material, so the tunnel seems to lead the visitors to another world. The appearance of the museum looks like a traditional temple in Japan, but the interior of itself looks contemporary. Large as structural elements, small as material using, the whole journey is designed perfectly in a spatial sequence by bring in natural sunlight gradually. The museum’s details reflect the architect’s innovative endeavors to break new ground. He is not going to reject the traditional local culture, but to merge it and putting in new materials and attractive ideas.
Fig [3]: Tunnel of Miho Museum.
Adams, Eric , ‘Letting in the light.’, Architecture (January 1, 1998.), <http://www.miho.or.jp/ english/index.htm>
Fig [4]: Interior of Miho Museum.
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Fig [3]: Entrance of Miho Museum.
Fig [3]: Recieption of Miho Museum.
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A2. Computational Architecture
Fig [7]: Skylar Tibbits â&#x20AC;&#x201C; VoltaDom.
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A2. Computational Architecture Architecture is fundamentally concerned with two core activities – designing and making. For the conventional design process, it is quite straight forward to form the appropriate solutions or limited and static outcomes. We understand things through drawings and physical models; every element has a predicable relationship. With the development of Computer-aided design (CAD), which is an umbrella term that covers ranges of programs that share a number of common features, the variety of design processes available for architects. This may contribute the digital fabrication of architectures and its components to a greater choice and applicable to produce imaginative geometries or smoothly curves installation. The emergence of new computational modelling software also allows parametric systems and complex organizations to be explored and generated, with offering new avenues of holistic design production and detailed component manufacturing. Therefore the digital design process becomes more complexity and unpredictable with dynamic outcomes, it is representing a pop up with range of possibility to a creation with innovation and prominence. In an authoritative book, ‘Algorithmic Architecture’ by Kostas Terzidis convincingly argues for a total rethink in the way of approaching computers. He explained two modes of operating with computers – ‘Computerization’ and ‘Computation’. In computerization, the ideas already exist in designer’s mind and are translated into digital data through the computer. In contrast, computation aims at emulating or extending the human intellect. Clearly the Computerization benefits to us if we can handle it properly – to understand of how these tools and process work, why they are useful, and when they may appropriate in the context of architectural design. Branko Kolarevic, Architecture in the Digital Age: design and manufacturing, (New York, NY : Spon Press, c2003.) Kalay, Yehuda E., Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004)
A2. Computational Architecture
Fig [8]: Chanel Mobile Art Pavilion, Zaha Hadid.
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Mobile Art Pavilion for Chanel
Fig [9,10,11,12]: Interior of Chanel Mobile Art Pavilion. Zaha Hadid takes fully advantages of digital imaging and construction processing in order to create a fluid geometries and dynamic space to achieve her design intension - build a totally organic form. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Our architecture is intuitive, radical, international and dynamic. We are concerned with constructing buildings that evoke original experiences, a kind of strangeness and newness that is comparable to the experience of going to a new country. The Mobile Art Pavilion for CHANEL follows these principles of inspiration.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;, states Zaha Hadid.
Digital computation inspires many possibilities for architecture, it is a new architectural language driven by new digital design and manufacturing processes, which can enabled us to create many possible framework and bring more incredible ideas into our building. Through the architecture, it can give people a glimpse of another world and make them excited about the new and innovative ideas.
Chanel Mobile Art Pavilion, Zaha Hadid Architects, ArchDaily (16 Jun 2011.), <http://www.archdaily.com/144378>
A2. Computational Architecture
Disney Concert Hall The Disney Concert Hall by Frank Gehry perhaps is one of the most important architectural projects with regard to digital technologies. Without the use of revolutionary computer-aided drafting program, the construction of this building would be impossible. Gehry makes extensive use of computer technology to allow making unconventional forms to take shape. Through the design process, after the physical model is built, the model is scanned by a laser device that transmits coordinates to the Computer-Aided ThreeDimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) program. Then CATIA can show 3D section of the model, which can be viewed as structural coordinator as well as a cooperator of all structural components. The appeal of this shining metal flower appearance with stunning steel curved steel structure, everyone is talking about it. Suddenly Los Angeles becomes the home of an architectural marvel, and Frank Gehry is becoming a household name. In the future, CAD technology will allow more exciting and stunning architecture pop up.
Buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s reflected glare heats things up: Walt Disney Concert Hall, Capperâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (March 16, 2004), <http://illumin.usc.edu/printer/177/curves-of-steel-catia-and-the-walt-disney-concert-hall/>
Fig [13]: Walt Disney Concert Hall, Frank Gehry .
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A3. Parametric Modelling
Fig [14]: Digital Fabrication in Architecture
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A3. Parametric Modelling Avant-garde architecture and urbanism are going through a cycle of innovative adaptation – Parametricism. It is a style that rooted with digital animation techniques, its latest refinements based on advanced parametric design systems and scripting methods. Parametric design underlying principle is of connectivity and relationship. It provides a platform for designer to define relationships between elements or groups, and to assign values or expressions to organize and control those elements in order to provide a powerful conception of architectural form by describing a range of possibility, especially to provide generic ways to represent complex curves and surfaces. Parametric modelling addresses the constraints of traditional CAD operations, supplanted by the designer’s direct interaction with the design elements. Architects are designing not the specific shape of the building, but a set of principles which encoded as a sequence of parametric equations to generate specific instances of the design. Parametric design calls for rejecting fixed solutions and exploring for infinity potentialities. It brings lots of inspiration to new collective movement with radically new ambitions and values. Seriously to rethink about ‘design’ or ‘technology’ today - am I making a parametric architecture or I am programming? Anybody can learn to do these sorts of things were shown so beautiful today. What is crucial is to have intellectual skills of abstraction and definition of relationship - all of these are demonstrating parametric architecture. The changes which brought by the digital age are having dramatic and profound impact on societies, economic and cultures worldwide. What parametric modelling brings to us is the flexibility and possibility. Make good use of it, it would become a powerful design ‘weapon’ in architectural industry.
Dunn, Nick, Digital Fabrication in Architecture, (London : Laurence King Publishing, 2012.) Neil Leach, Helen Castle, Parametricism: A New Global Style for Architecture and Urban Design, Architectural Design ( Digital Cities, Vol 79, No 4, July/August 2009), < http://www.patrikschumacher.com/Texts/Parametricism%20-%20A%20New%20Global%20 Style%20for%20Architecture%20and%20Urban%20Design.html>
A3. Parametric Modelling
Fig [15]: Santa Maria Del Pianto Metro Station, Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners.
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Santa Maria Del Pianto Metro Station The Santa Maria del Pianto metro station in Naples is built in 2006 and designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners. The roof canopy of the station has used the technology of parametric modelling by an evolutionary algorithm for developing. The key design criteria for the roof canopy were to maximize sunlight penetration, provide shading on the lift platform, prevent rainfall entering the station, and to be structurally efficient with minimum use of materials. By using a bespoke plug-in on the Rhino software, designers are able to map the lattice pattern of the canopy in order to achieve those design criteria. Then the final pattern was then mapped onto toroid shape that will be fabricated using vertically aligned steel plated together. An evolutionary algorithm was applied in order to optimize the arrangement of the honeycomb structure, and maximize environmental and structural performances. The Santa Maria del Pianto metro station is a successful built-project that demonstrate, with the application of parametric techniques, the variety of roof structure can be find out through software and the capability of its potentialities.
SOLUTIONS: ROOFING - Project: Santa Maria Del Pianto Metro Station, Building Design (April 9, 2010), <http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/render.aspx?siteID=1&navIDs=1,4,25,1739,1741>
A3. Parametric Modelling
One North Masterplan Zaha Hadid hoped to extend the digital involvement from urbanism to architecture – to develop an urban architecture that uses the spatial repertoire and morphology of natural landscape formations, offering rich territory for public programming, identity and flexibility. Rather than using strictly platonic geometry, the design was developed parametrically as a free, curvilinear and with series of deformations to show the variety of forces and flow that occur across a city district. ‘One North generates a strong sense of identity – generating a new, instantly identifiable panorama visible from afar, experienced from the park that stands at the heart of this new quarter.’, said Zaha Hadid. ‘A rich diversity of square, walkways, thoroughfares, alleys engenders a unique sense of place within many microenvironments to be created.’ The conceptual mass/form is following an intensive process of design optimization and generative development by using parametric software. The emergence of the design as urban formation through a series of physical study models, illustrating the project’s gradual development until such a point that the design is consolidated as final diagram for the urban fabric. Applying for the very first time, by using digital parametric modelling technology, demonstrate the concept of artificial landscape formation to an entire urban quarter. Application of parametric techniques is now evidenced at all scales from architecture to interior design to large urban design. Realizing the avant-garde architect’s dream, Zaha Hadid, every time, is bringing absolutely new scene and excitement of architectural experiment to us.
Neil Leach, Helen Castle, Parametricism: A New Global Style for Architecture and Urban Design, Architectural Design ( Digital Cities, Vol 79, No 4, July/August 2009), < http://www.patrikschumacher.com/Texts/Parametricism%20-%20A%20New%20Global%20 Style%20for%20Architecture%20and%20Urban%20Design.html>
Fig [16]: One North Masterplan, Network – Fabric – Buildings, Singapo
Fig [17]: Physical model
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ore, Zaha Hadid Architects 2001-2003
Fig [18]: Digital model
Fig [19]: Digital masterplan
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A4. Algorithmic Explorations
A4. Algorithmic Explorations From the supplied list of design approaches, I am most interested in Tessellation. By extending the material in tutorials, a production series of matrix outcomes is explored by myself. This is aimed to explore the flexibility and potentials of parametric modelling. Tessellation fundamentally is the process of creating a two-dimensional plane using the repetition of a geometric shape. When working on 3-dimensional world, it can act as a self-supported structure by breaking up of complex surfaces by repeating elements. This design approach will be very interesting and challenging. In this section, my individual explorations of algorithimic workflows within grasshopper would be shown.
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exploring different grid patterns on a complex surface
Firstly I create a curved surface just randomly likes a mushroom shape, then make different gird patterns parametrically on it and look at the outcomes. Those generated patterns seem interesting but they are not really challenging, so I go further to try applying repeating 3-dimensonal shapes onto the surface instead of grids.
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A4. Algorithmic Explorations
exploring repetitive elements on a complex surface
An repeating element is created and just simply create a curved surface and apply on it, and make some variations on the size, orientation, and number of elements… etc. The experinment looks successful, so I try to apply this ‘method’ onto the previous mushroom shape and test out the possibility.
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A4. Algorithmic Explorations
outcome I pick up one of the mushroom outcome and repeat it to form some space underlay. Now it looks a ‘mushroom forest’, interesting! After this algorithmic experiment, I discovered the flexibility and potentials of the parametric modelling. It seems that there is no ‘the end’ of experimenting, the variation is too much for control, and every element has its relationship to another. However, it has a great design potential for applying in the architectural applications. For this practise, I realize that this is just one of the design approaches, there still many solutions and variations on parametric modelling that need for exploration, and I am very looking forward for next surprise.
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A5. Conclusion
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A5. Conclusion Architecture nowadays is not just constructing a building, as architecture could be a form of art, or a symbolic realm, or a spatial experience, or anything. Everyone has his/her own norm and definition on what architecture is. Undoubtedly, architecture provides us a cover on our heads, defines our movement through a space, and even enriches our life. Successful examples of known projects have shown that architecture could be applicable at all scales - from small installation to interior design to large urban design. The most importance is architecture can represent a city as well as act as a public icon. As now, the Gateway Project is looking for an exciting, eye catching installation at Wyndhamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Western Gateway. Through the application of new digital parametric technologies, variety of architectural performances can be presented with more complex and unpredictable design outcomes. It means that there is more ways of possibilities to construct a shiny appearance or stunning structural system. Examples of precedent projects were shown to demonstrate the potential of architecture and how they raise a discourse in the city. Architecture, with its aesthetic brilliance, legible as image and unique expression, becomes a favorable consideration for the Gateway Project. Through the parametric expression, it can absolutely give people a glimpse of another world, enthuse and make the people feeling excited about this innovative and prominent installation.
A6. Learning outcomes
A6. Learning outcomes Actually I have already hear the term ‘computational architecture’ for many times, yet no chance to explore it. This studio is a great time for me to discover the appeal of it, especially for me, I am very interested in digital fabrication. Through this exercises, I have a big chance to research on its theory and definition, also to practice parametric modelling skills In a computer programming, there are many approaches and even more solutions to a problem. It also means that when facing to multiplicity of options, we must take deep consideration before decision. I strongly agree to Blanko Kolarevic who said that the architectural approach of designing a building has been shifted from ‘design of form’ to ‘finding of form’ in this digital-leading age. It is a big challenge for nowadays architects to integrate and utilize those new technologies and previous concepts to achieve quality architecture in social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects as well as to raise a brand-new idea on architectural expression.
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PART B
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pART B: EXPRESSION OF INTEREST B1. B2. B3. B4. B5. B6. B7. B8.
DESIGN FOCUS CASE STUDY 1.0 CASE STUDY 2.0 TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES
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B1. DESIGN FOCUS
Fig [20]: Skylar Tibbits – VoltaDom.
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B1. DESIGN FOCUS “The Western Gateway installation should provide an entry statement and arrival experience, and become a new identifier for the municipality. The installation should create a focal point of iconic scale and presence and encourage a sense of pride within the local community. The Western Gateway should propose new, inspiring and brave ideas, to generate a new discourse.” - from the Gateway competition document. The stream our group chosen is ‘Tessellation’, which fundamentally is the process of creating a twodimensional plane using the repetition of a geometric shape. When working on 3-dimensional world, it can act as a self-supported structure by breaking up of complex surfaces by repeating elements. By analyzing the precedent projects and literatures as a starting point, our group all agree that this design approach will be very interesting and challenging. VoltaDom is intensifying the depth of a doublycurved vaulted surface, while maintaining relative ease in assembly and fabrication. This is made possible by transforming complex curved vaults to develop strips, by connecting the vaults together in order to support itself loading. This project attempts to expand the notion of the architectural ‘plain facade’, by introducing the parametric modelling skills, to generate a discourse.
B1. DESIGN FOCUS
Voussoir Cloud is a landscape of vaults and columns consisting by clusters of three dimensional petals elements, which are formed by folding thin wood laminate along curved seams. By using a computational script, the curvature of each piece and the slightly different sizes of each petal can be calculated so the complexity of the installation becomes clear. There is a huge potential to create a space by introducing a self-standing structure which constructed with many individual elements. The ever-changing property of light and shadow during different time on a day would be an interesting finding under this installation. To conclude, Tessellation would definitely impress the viewers with its stunning structure system plus the computer-generated module which every single element is unique and unpredictable. We hope to expand the discourse among the architectural expression on the Gateway installation through adopting this design approach.
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Fig [21]: IwamotoScott - Voussair Cloud.
B2. CASE STUDY 1.0
B2. CASE STUDY 1.0 By choosing one of the Case Study 1.0 projects from LMS, I have chosen IwamotoScott - Voussair Cloud. We are trying to analysis how built works can be created using Grasshopper and speculate how to extend existing definitions into new works. The regularly baking vector linework drawings from Grasshopper are demonstrating my exploration and understanding of this project.
Analyzing After the exploration of the Grasshopper, we found out the definition of this project that: first a surface is created and then a gravity force is added by a plug-in called Kangaroo together with the spring tool. By creating sequences of geometric variation, rather than saying to find a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;final versionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, we are more focusing on exploring the existing definition, and trying to find out more possibility and unexpected outcome from that.
Speculating What make difference between the original project and the new discovered outcome is basically by varying the basic shape, the meshing strategies, number of pin points, offset distance of pin points, the quantity and direction of force added. To conclude, we believed that there is a huge potential from this project - by picking some of the existing definition out and applying into new works, such as the inflated surface which created by Kangaroo, the triangulate meshing strategy and the interesting organic form, an interesting and crazy model can be produced.
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B3. CASE STUDY 2.0
Fig [22]: Behnaz Babazadeh-FERMID.
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B3. CASE STUDY 2.0 The project our group selected under the design stream Tessellation is Behnaz Babazadeh â&#x20AC;&#x201C; FERMID. The most attractive point of this project is the interaction between the installation and the viewer. This installation is mainly aimed to explore the natural movement in living organisms and its relation to human perception. An interesting sense of breathing movement has been achieved, through the use of technology and parametric design principles, which resulting movement is seducing and engaging to the viewer.
B3. CASE STUDY 2.0
First we dissect how the project was produced using parametric tools by providing a draft of the process:
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Then try out our definition in Grasshopper:
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B3. CASE STUDY 2.0
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These regular baking vector linework drawings are showing the processing of re-creating the built work and some variations. The final outcome of the reengineered Case Study 2.0, we agree that the definition we work out is successful in process and the outcome is looking quite similar with the original project, excepting the basic attached shape and objects. But the most critical difference is the moving idea from case study that we havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t achieve. Thus for the next stage of our development, we will adopt the attaching objects definition from this task, as well as to find out the technique of movable idea.
B4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT
B4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT
Fig [23]: 3D Motion Heart
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heart-pumping
Starting with the Case Study 2.0 technique, our team is going to explore more interchanging inputs, outputs and associations. Our design theme is to capturing the movement and power of heart-pumping effect, via two different approaches - Inflation & Movement. By using Kalay’s ‘Search’ technique, analyse the outcomes and search for a appropriate outcome as developed before. Search processes involve two steps: (1) producing candidate solutions for consideration, and (2) choosing the “right” solution for further consideration and development. So the process will repeat itself until the considered solution is deemed satisfactory in all relevant manners. If it turns out that process has reached a dead end, it must be backtracked, and another solution must be chosen for consideration and development, or the goals and the constraints must be modified, as discussed earlier.
B4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT
Approach 1: Inflation
This design approach is inspired from a precedent case â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Andrew Kudless: P-Wall. A lumpiness surface is used to present the idea of the strong energy inside a heart, every single movement is frozen and captured and presented together as a series.
Fig [24]: Andrew Kudless: P-Wall.
Through the exploration of matrix in Grasshopper, two plug-ins were used - Kangaroo and Panelling Tool. Unique elements on the surface are the key point of our design. In order to create the lumpiness effect of the surface, forces are applied on those modules by using Kangaroo. After having the satisfied object, we generated these elements into a self-standing structure. Panelling tool was used for searching a better distribution of elements.
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Morph Objects on Grids & Extrusion
B4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT
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Morph Randomly Distributed Objects on Grids
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Regular/Randomly Distribution & Extrusion
B4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT
Approach 2: Motion
In order to achieve the idea of exploring the movement in living organisms, a movable and operable structure is introduced by using a non-fixed joint for connecting elements. The gaps that formed by the elements could expand or contracted through the forces applied. In this way, seems like every elements within the system are full of life and energy.
Fig [25]: 3D Motion Heart.
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Stretching Grids Shape
B4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT
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Rotating Opearable Objects on Grids
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Movable Objects & Extrusion
B5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES
B5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES On the prototypes stage, we are exploring materialization in relationship to the techniques. Under the two approaches, different materials, strategies and techniques are tested.
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B5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES
Approach 1: Inflation
Material: Strategy: Special condition: Description:
Wax Frozen Gravity, Light & Shadow The wax is first melted and reform to a new posture, it is interesting to experi ment the gravity by freezing the dropping wax.
Material: Strategy: Special condition: Description:
Paper Rolling Light & Shadow Variation on size of openings, light pass through and create varying pattern.
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Material: Strategy: Special condition: Description:
Stocking, Metal Wire Stretching, Tensioning, Pinning Light & Shadow The wire is controlling the final posture of model and elastic material is apply ing on top to form a tensioned surface.
Material: Strategy: Special condition: Description:
Stocking, Cotton Tensioning, Pinning / This time cotton is instead of wire to form the posture of model, a soft and elastic surface is created.
B5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES
Material: Strategy: Special condition: Description:
Cardboard, Stocking, Balloon Stretching / This is the most successful product, possibility of different texture to form surface are tested out. The rubber-skin surface is ridiculous and has its poten tial to become a new skin of structure.
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B5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES
Approach 2: Motion
Material: Cardboard, Paper, Pin Strategy: Grid-shell, Movable Joint, Attaching Objects Special condition: Light & Shadow Description: Moving grids is testing out with the attaching opearable trangulate objects. Material: Strategy: Special condition: Description:
Cardboard, Plastic Bag, Pin Grid-shell, Movable Joint, Attaching Objects Light & Shadow Same strategy but testing with different material properties.
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Material: Strategy: Special condition: Description:
Cardboard, Pin Grid-shell, Movable Joint Light & Shadow Movable grids is testing under light. The moving patterns of shadow created are really attractive.
Material: Strategy: Special condition: Description:
Cardboard, Pin Folding, Movable Joint Light & Shadow Folding objects are joining together to form a movable structure. The shadow effect is also amazing.
B5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES
Material: Cardboard, Paper, Pin, Ballon Strategy: Grid-shell, Movable Joint Speci al condition: External Force Adding Description: This is the most attractive concept that can exactly presenting our theme, a balloon acts as an external force that pumps around all the things and brings the energy out.
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B6. TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL
Fig [26]: Daniel Arsham’s 3D Works.
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B6. TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL Daniel Arsham uses different special materials such as plaster gauze, foam, rubber and paint to create works that wrinkle, bend, erode, and even wrap themselves over other objects. He is showing his passion and energy through the expression of form and structure. For the Gateway project, the location of the site sits at the entry to metropolitan Melbourne, so a shiny appearance and stunning structural system is an essential element in order to catch human eyes. With the movable and operable interacting feature, seems like every elements within the system are full of life and energy. Through the application of digital parametric technologies, we can enthuse the visitors with the innovative and exciting on the unpredictable vision impact. It is no doubt that ‘first-impression’ is important, which forms a mental image when you first encountering it. Followed by ‘experiencing’, did you feel exciting when you discovering and interacting with it? Our aim of this Gateway Project is to provide an instant excitement – a heart pumping moment to the visitor. From the first appearance impression to the experience of interaction, we hope to provide a taste of adventure as well as to generate a new discourse. By crucially providing a ‘small pump’ as a starting of the fantastic journey to the visitors in Melbourne, we hope that this Gateway installation becomes an opportunity for visitors to experience the instant excitement, as well as a warm welcome from the our heart.
B7. ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES
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B7. ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES It is really a great time to discover the appeal of parametric modelling. On the way of discovering and exploring prcedent examples, it forms a basis on how things can be created through parametric modelling and speculate how to attempt our own algorithm in Grasshopper. Furthermore, the process we used - ‘search’ technique - for finding out an appropriate outcome, is a new design method for us, I have never used before. I strongly agree to Blanko Kolarevic who said that the architectural approach of designing a building has been shifted from ‘design of form’ to ‘finding of form’ in the digital-leading age. However, for me, architecture is something must involve human participate. Without it, this could become meaningless.
B8. LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES
B8. LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES After the mid semester presentations, some feedbacks are given: The approach of ‘motion’ is quite interesting, the movable grids could make the installation become an organic structure, we should consider the effect if the scale as big on site. How this installation is going to terrifying people as a kind of excitement. For the prototypes, the guests think that the rubber-skin is ridiculous good as it’s really strangle appearance that haven’t seen before and its stretching property. So we would like to try applying that rubber-skin as the surface structure and proposing that is a new skin for architecture. There is a strong linkage of our theme on how’s the energy from the heart pumping around the things, inflation elements apply on the grid - it’s quite architectural process and statement. However, we should consider on what are the reasons for architecture moving like this? We should think more in progressing architecture as a discourse - the structure of future architecture that can move or fresh air is stacking in. Rather than thinking the reason, we are going to propose this structure is potentially having a possibility for architecture.
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B8. LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES
So far this studio has passed two-third, the theoretical research task could helps me to form a foundation of what is computational architecture. Also, it helps me a lots on how to corporate the roles of computation in the design process. After this stage, I think I am able to basically create, manipulate and design using this powerful parametric technology. I am fascinated by the parametric modelling that it able us to create some unpredictable and unlimited possibility outcomes. It is really extend my vision on what architecture is, and what is possible for architecture.
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pART c: PROJECT PROPOSAL c1. c2. c3. c4. c5.
Gateway Project: Design Concept Gateway Project: Tectonic Elements Gateway Project: Final Model Algorithmic Sketches Learning Objectives and Outcomes
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c1. Gateway Project: Design Concept
c1. Gateway Project: Design Concept Heart Pumping effect
Our design concept is heart pumping. The effect we want to present is capturing the movement and the power of the pumping effect of a heart. After considering the feedback from crit jury, our team finds that there is a huge potential to combine the ideas of ‘inflation’ and ‘motion’. We extract the concept of adding forces on surface to form a lumpiness effect, plus the moving girds with an operable joint system. As well as putting on the ridiculous skin as surfacing, in this way, seems like every elements within the system are full of life and energy. Furthermore, the air purifying function is one of the crucial points of our design concept. As presenting this project as an operable, moving and functional ‘sculpture’ on the Princess Freeway, we hope to bring new, inspiring and brave ideas to the Gateway Project, as well as to generate a new discourse in Wyndham City.
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Fig [27]: 3D Motion Heart.
c1. Gateway Project: Design Concept
Digital model Parametric modelling is used as the major design method throughout the whole design process. It can definitely enrich our way of exploring the possibility of design. The final working definition is work out: It is basically using Panelling Tool to evaluate points and create grids. Kangaroo is used to add forces on surface to create a lumpiness effect. Since every element is created by Grasshopper, varying certain parameters can have changes accordingly. It is really flexible and convenient to see the quick changes. Parametric modeling could definitely help us to find a quick way to achieve an optimal outcome and produce the perfect one for the Gateway Project.
Final Working Definition
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Selected matrix for further development
Final Digital Model
c1. Gateway Project: Design Concept
Air Purifying As Princes Highway is one of the main corridors between Melbourne city and Wyndham City, the traffic flow is enormous during the whole year and traffic jams occur in every rush hour. In view of this, a function of purifying air is introduced to our project. By having an air filtering membrane, polluted air would suck into itself and filtered fresh air would pump out. It could exactly function as a real heart: as de-oxygenated blood is received from the body tissues and oxygenated blood from the lungs would pump around the whole body. Moreover, the design itself will also become an indicator of the polluted degree by changing the skin color. According to the pollution detector, the skin color would change from grey when high pollution to white when low pollution.
Fan clockwise Operatable lid begins to close Linear actuator pull down the grid Polluted air get in
Fan anti-clockwise Operatable lid begins to open Linear actuator pull up the grid Polluted air go through air filtering
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Fan clockwise Operatable lid still tends to close Linear actuator pull down the grid Polluted air get in
Fan anti-clockwise Operatable lid begins to open Linear actuator pull up the grid Polluted air got purified and pump out
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c1. Gateway Project: Design Concept
Actual Scale Since our project is aimed to provide an amazing visual impact to people, a ridiculously big scale is applied on site. It is around 20 meters height, about twelve times of a normal people. Through the pumping effect of a huge scale movable installation, it can definitely make people feeling exciting. More than that, people may curious that why there are such a big sphere pumping at a freeway. It seems that the whole thing is ridiculous but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s really amazing.
Sydney Ope
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era House Our Project Hulk Normal Human
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C2. Gateway Project: Tectonic Elements
C2. Gateway Project: Tectonic Elements Prototype After decided the final form of digital model, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s time to consider how our technique can be extended to produce a physical structure with a resolved tectonic system. A movable and operable structure is introduced by a non-fixed joint for connecting grids together. By having these non-fixed joint, expansion and contraction is allowed in whole structure when forces applied. Some quick sketch models are done to try out the possibility of the system.
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C2. Gateway Project: Tectonic Elements
Fabrication Then digital fabrication is used for making grids. A fabrication definition flow chart is showing the process of manufacturing. After having the parts of the model ready, we assemble the loosing stripes in to whole structure manually. In order to create the supporting of the expanding parts, an overlapping joint is used so that it could receive both tension and compression forces. Lastly, the surface skin is pinned onto the overlapping points of the grids. Furthermore, the fabrication process is recorded as a video and showing in the Group 6 wiki page.
Fabrication Definition
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C2. Gateway Project: Tectonic Elements
Details The sectional details are showing how the whole structure is supported by hydraulic linear actuator.
Waterproof membrane Bolts Metal supports Metal joints Metal grids
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Waterproof membrane Operable solar panal lid Metal grid Hydrauiic linear actuator Air filtering layers Electrical fan
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C3. Gateway Project: Final Model
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C3. Gateway Project: Final Model
full model A scale of 1:200 3D printed model is made to show an entire scene of how the installation actually on site.
C3. Gateway Project: Final Model
full model (color changing) Also a temperature color change material is selected for the 3D printed model, in order to show the color changing effect instead of actual polluted index practice.
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C3. Gateway Project: Final Model
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Part Detail Model (back) A scale 1:20 part detail model is made to demonstrate how the moving structures perform in compression and extension.
C3. Gateway Project: Final Model
Part Detail Model (Front) The outer skin performance is excellent too. It is really successful that the pumping effect that we want to create can be achieved and fabricated.
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C3. Gateway Project: Final Model
Rendering (day) A digital renderings can definitely show a realistic picture of how the installation actually on site. As well as the driving experience, a video is made to feel the power and excitement of our project. Video is available on the Group 6 wiki page.
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C3. Gateway Project: Final Model
Rendering (night) A rendering is showing the light effect at night time. A physical model demonstration is showing the effect of how the led light pass through the structure.
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C4. Algorithmic Sketches
Fig [28]: Future Vision.
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C4. Algorithmic Sketches For our project, it is presented as a ridiculously big and eye-catching moving sphere that stands beside the freeway. It provides an opportunity for visitors to experience the visual excitement of the pumping movement of a heart. It also a representation of innovation. Since architectures seldom provides a function on outer-skin of the building. Our team believes that the air purifying function on a pumping skin that we designed in this project could apply on other buildings, as architecture could have its functions in every detail. By using parametric modelling tools, this would become definitely possible. Therefore, we are not only designing a sculpture for the Gateway Project, but also a view for future environmental design development trend.
C5. Learning Objectives and Outcomes
C5. Learning Objectives and Outcomes After the final presentation, it seems that our project is quite successful on presenting the pumping effect that we want to achieve and physically fabricate it out. However, the crit jury thinks that our moving grid is impossible to move likes want we wanted. So we quickly make a sketch model to show our structure is possible. So far this studio is ended, time flies. This is the first time I touch parametric modelling. Many of the student said that there is not enough teaching resources and technical helps in Grasshopper. But for me, I agree that self-learning is the best way on exploring a new software. Maybe it’s hard in the beginning. However, once you familiar with it, it could become a powerful design ‘weapon’ in your life. Since new software always pop-up all the time, what you learn today may not be the latest one. What you learn today is the learning attitude and the passion on architecture. After this studio, I am really fascinated by parametric modelling. It can definitely produce some unpredictable outcomes and complex geometry become possible to build. Also, its quick changing property is convenient and flexible for designing. At this moment, I think I can basically create, manipulate and design by using this powerful parametric technology. To conclude, this Studio Air is really a special one and it can extend my vision on what architecture is, and what is possible for architecture.
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Fig [29]: Group 6 Presentation.
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Finally, special thanks to my tutors Chris & Rosie, as well as my group members William & Linn. Good job!
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references Branko Kolarevic, Architecture in the Digital Age: design and manufacturing, (New York, NY : Spon Press, c2003.) Chanel Mobile Art Pavilion, Zaha Hadid Architects, ArchDaily (16 Jun 2011.), <http://www.archdaily.com/144378> Neil Leach, Helen Castle, Parametricism: A New Global Style for Architecture and Urban Design, Architectural Design ( Digital Cities, Vol 79, No 4, July/August 2009), < http://www.patrikschumacher.com/Texts/Parametricism%20-%20A%20 New%20Global%20Style%20for%20Architecture%20and%20Urban%20 Design.html> Williams, Richard, Architecture and Visual Culture, in Exploring Visual Culture: Definitions, Concepts, Contexts, ed. by Matthew Rampley (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005) Fig [1]: Melbourne Recital Centre and Melbourne Theatre Company buildings by ARM. Photo by John Gollings, <http://www.bustler.net/index.php/article/ melbournes_iconic_theater_buildings_scoop_victorian_architecture_ awards/>
aspx?siteID=1&navIDs=1,4,25,1739,1741> Fig [16,17,18,19]: One North Masterplan, Network – Fabric – Buildings, Singapore, Zaha Hadid Architects 2001-2003. Neil Leach, Helen Castle, Parametricism: A New Global Style for Architecture and Urban Design, Architectural Design ( Digital Cities, Vol 79, No 4, July/August 2009), < http://www.patrikschumacher.com/Texts/Parametricism%20-%20A%20 New%20Global%20Style%20for%20Architecture%20and%20Urban%20 Design.html> Fig [20]: Skylar Tibbits – VoltaDom. Design Playgrounds, <http://designplaygrounds.com/deviants/voltadomby-skylar-tibbits/> Fig [21]: IwamotoScott - Voussair Cloud. Archivenue, < http://www.archivenue.com/voussoir-cloud-by-iwamotoscott-with-buro-happold/> Fig [22]: Behnaz Babazadeh-FERMID. Design Playgrounds, < http://designplaygrounds.com/deviants/fermid-bybehnaz-babazadeh/>
Fig [2]: Door of Ernsting’s Warehouse. Philip Jodidio, Santiago Calatrava : 1951, architect, engineer, artist (Hong Kong : Taschen, c2007.)
Fig [23]: 3D Motion Heart. Saw, < http://www.beyondhollywood.com/uploads/2010/08/saw-3dmotion-heart.jpg>
Fig [3,4,5,6]: Architectural design by I.M. Pei; Miho Museum. Adams, Eric , ‘Letting in the light.’, Architecture (January 1, 1998.), <http://www.miho.or.jp/english/index.htm>
Fig [24]: Andrew Kudless: P-Wall. WeWantToLearn.net, <http://wewanttolearn.wordpress.com/2011/10/05/ andrew-kudless-p-wall/>
Fig [7]: Skylar Tibbits – VoltaDom. Kalay, Yehuda E., Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004)
Fig [25]: 3D Motion Heart. Protecting Your Heart, <http://www.discount-supplements.co.uk/blog/ wp-content/uploads/protect-heart.jpg>
Fig [8,9,10,11,12]: Chanel Mobile Art Pavilion, Zaha Hadid. <http://www.designboom.com/architecture/zaha-hadid-chanel-mobileart-pavilion-paris/>
Fig [26]: Daniel Arsham’s 3D Works. ThinkCONTRA, < http://www.thinkcontra.com/daniel-arsham-3d-works/>
Fig [13]: Walt Disney Concert Hall, Frank Gehry . Building’s reflected glare heats things up: Walt Disney Concert Hall, Capper’s (March 16, 2004), <http://illumin.usc.edu/printer/177/curves-ofsteel-catia-and-the-walt-disney-concert-hall/> Fig [14]: Digital Fabrication in Architecture. Dunn, Nick, Digital Fabrication in Architecture, (London : Laurence King Publishing, 2012.) Fig [15]: Santa Maria Del Pianto Metro Station, Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners. SOLUTIONS: ROOFING - Project: Santa Maria Del Pianto Metro Station, Building Design (April 9, 2010), <http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/render.
Fig [27]: 3D Motion Heart. Saw, < http://www.beyondhollywood.com/uploads/2010/08/saw-3dmotion-heart.jpg> Fig [28]: Future Vision. Melbourne City, <http://www.freeimageslive.co.uk/free_stock_image/ melbournecbd0910jpg> Fig [29]: Group 6 Presentation. Photographed by David Lister, <https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbi d=10152917185600503&set=oa.554108697961541&type=1&theater>