kiran balakrishna
Master
of
Architecture
2021
2
C
O
N
T
E
N
T
S
page 06
THE THREE ROOMS An urban sanctuary and columbarium
page 24
VEIL AND VOID An adaptive reuse design
page 44
GREEN NEW DEAL PROJECT Urban Design Studio 2020
page 74
WONG DAI SIN TEMPLE A comprehensive construction drawing set
page 88
SCHOOL IN DOWNTOWN ATLANTA An integrated building system design
page 104
THE SINE WAVE Creative play 1 : Designing with AR
page 110
THE INTERLOCKING CELLS Creative play 2 : Fabricating with AR
page 118
THE CINCTURE Critical study : WTC Transit hub, New York
3
THE
THREE
ROOMS
AN URBAN REPOSE: COLUMBARIUM AND MEDITATION Location College Instructor Module Year
: : : : :
Bellwood Quarry, Atlanta, GA Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA Prof. Michael Gamble Graduate Advanced Studio Fall 2019
The design concept revolves around three distinctive characters which are experienced in each room. It is first apprehended through the change in volume from a much human scale arcade to a monumental hall and then with somber lighting through each space. The journey begins in a hall for reflecting and remembering the deceased ones, it then leads to a much darker meditation space with is illuminated through a small skylight, and finally terminates to a much brighter columbarium space. The hall of reflection allows users to remember the deceased loved ones while wandering among the gleaming lines. The void to spiritually reconcile with the loved ones and, The gallery of 10,000 souls to celebrate them. The niches in the columbarium lets guests to preserve the urns, memorabilia as a symbol of remembering them. The project deals with simple rectilinear geometrical shapes. The light wells and slits carved in each room direct the guests in the right direction.
4
5
The three rooms
celebration
reconciliation
reflection
Symbolic form: The design caters to three different character. Reflection, Reconciliation, and Celebration. “The hall of reflection” allows users to remember the deceased loved ones while wandering among the gleaming lines. “The void” to spiritually reconcile with the loved ones and “The gallery of 10,000 souls” to celebrate them. The niches in the columbarium lets guests to preserve the urns, memorabilia as a symbol of remembering them.
6
Index 1. Entrance 2. Open public space 3. Reflection room 4. Meditation room 5. Columbarium 2
1
3
4
5
Core form: The structural system is formed by stacking load-bearing stone blocks in the rooms that are cut inside the quarry, which are then carved as per the design. The travertine stone blocks act as the threshold defining the boundaries and embelling the character of each room. The apposite tarventine color used in each space interacts with the users emotion.
7
Site plan - Bellwood quarry, Atlanta, GA
8
Roof plan
9
“Forest of Reflection”
“Arcade of eternal flame”
“The Chamber of 10,000 Souls” Columbarium space with skylight
Sectional elevation // west-east // oblique drawing
10
“Arcade of eternal flame” Entrance Plaza
“Forest of Reflection”
Bellwood Lake
“Hall of Reflection”
“The Void” Meditation space
“The Chamber of 10,000 Souls” Columbarium space
Sectional elevation // north-south // oblique drawing
11
“Arcade of eternal flame” - Entrance
12
“Hall of reflection” - Thought provoking room
13
Stereotomic trait or Tectonic system ?
1
2
3
4
5
6
Process of construction in “Hall of reflection”
14
Stereotomic trait or Tectonic system ?
Construction drawing // Carving of stairs in stacked travertine blocks
15
“The void” - Meditation room
16
“The gallery of 10,000 souls” - Columbarium
17
Plan at 10’
Plan at 60’
Plan at 100’
Plan at 150’
Floor plans
18
Entrance Plaza
“Arcade of eternal flame”
Vertical Connection
“Hall of Reflection”
“The Void” Meditation space
“The Chamber of 10,000 Souls” Columbarium space
Plan // oblique drawing
19
Bellwood Lake
Quarry view
Reflection room
20
Meditation room
Columbarium niche
21
V E I L A N
A N D
A D A P T I V E
Location College Instructor Module Year
: : : : :
V O I D
R E U S E
D E S I G N
Peachtree and MLK drive Int, Atlanta, GA Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA Prof. David Yocum Portman Design Studio Spring 2020
The project deals with the revitalization of the existing ‘HL green building’ with a new fabric of urban programs creating a sense of community but keeping in check its carbon emission in the process. The main concept of this design is to create an open and free-flowing circulation within its rigid existing facade by introducing an open courtyard. In addition to forming a space for social interaction, the open courtyard space intertwines various programs creating a seamless visual and physical connections between the exterior and interior spaces. The central courtyard space acts as the breathing node connecting various programs and this organic space which is formed runs across levels naturally ventilating throughout the building. The primary circulation includes two massive ramps connecting the basement and mezzanine, which is both utilitarian and function. A series of external stairs are placed around the open court space to imbibe the nature of its surroundings and provide a breakout space for its users during circulation
22
The Void - Central Courtyard along MLK drive
23
Existing building mass
Sinking the structure to its basement
Addition of horizontal courtyard
Addition of vertical courtyard
Opening up cafe space towards central courtyard
Open arcade along the first floor
Extending the courtyard to create a void
Open market space in first floor
The courtyard creates a venue for social interaction
A linear meditation block along the party wall
Housing block placed facing Broadway
Primary performance space placed over the courtyard
Addition of a slit through the performance block
Integrated courtyard space
Retaining the structural grid in the process of creating a void along it facade
Design Development - Creating an open and free-flowing circulation
24
Reusing existing bricks
Removing the facade facing the courtyard
Extracting the salvaged bricks
Extracting the salvaged bricks to its components
Adding a new floor using salvaged bricks
Introducing brick lattice facade
Reusing existing concrete panels
Reusing existing slabs
Reusing existing slabs
Reusing existing slabs
Reusing existing slabs
Reusing existing slabs
Reusing existing slabs
Existing Structure
Proposed Structure
Material Strategy - Reusing materials to reduce carbon footprint
25
Existing building - Peachtree and MLK drive Int.
26
Proposed building - Peachtree and MLK drive Int.
27
Existing building - MLK drive and Broad St Int.
28
Proposed building - MLK drive and Broad St Int.
29
Existing brick wall
19’
10’
Brick wall composite
4400 Bricks
206 CMU’s
Proposed strategy
Brick wall composite - 2 No’s
4 Brick Walls
* calculations done based on volume
30
Proposed brick wall of equivalent quantity
25%
Brick screen
110 Bricks
Equivalent to 8 brick screens of same dimension
* calculations done based on volume
31
Key Plan: C
B
A
C
B
A
1 2 3 4
A
A
B
A series of sections and elevations portrays the growth of open courtyard intertwining various programs at different levels and it becomes an avenue for social interactions.
C
32
1
2
3
4
33
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
MLK Jr DRIVE SW
OPEN MARKET SPACE
OPEN MARKET SPACE
OPEN MARKET SPACE
OPEN MARKET SPACE
BROAD ST SW
OPEN MARKET SPACE
OUTDOOR OPEN MARKET SPACE
SERVICE ELEVATOR
MEDITATION SPACE
SERVICE ELEVATOR
ADJACENT PROPERTY
32' 3" X 23' 8"
MEN
WOMEN
12' 4" X 12' 6"
11' 10" X 12' 6"
ADJACENT PROPERTY
First floor plan // Level: 0’ 0”
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
OUTDOOR OPEN MARKET SPACE
PEACHTREE ST
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
ENTRANCE FOYER
ADJACENT PROPERTY
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
FIRST FLOOR PLAN (LVL +0' 0")
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION RESTAURANT SEATING
RESTAURANT SEATING
KITCHEN 19' 2" X 31' 6"
OUTDOOR SEATING
OPEN COURTYARD SERVICE ELEVATOR
STORAGE ROOM 13' 0" X 19' 2"
MULTIPURPOSE HALL 32' 3" X 24'
SERVICE ELEVATOR
MEN
12' 4" X 12' 6"
1
WOMEN
11' 10" X 12' 6"
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
RESTAURANT SEATING
BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN (LVL -12' 0")
Basement plan // Level: -12’ 0”SCALE A100
1/16" = 1' 0"
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION OPEN MARKET SPACE BELOW
OPEN MARKET SPACE BELOW
BOX OFFICE ENTRANCE
OUTDOOR LOUNGE SPACE
OPEN MARKET SPACE BELOW
19' 10" X 29' 10"
MEZZANINE ARRIVAL LEVEL
LOUNGE SPACE FOR BOX OFFICE 18' 10" X 38' 11"
STORE
MEDITATION SPACE BELOW
SERVICE ELEVATOR
MEN
12' 4" X 12' 6"
3
WOMEN
11' 10" X 12' 6"
SECOND FLOOR - MEZZANINE PLAN (LVL +12' 0")
Mezzanine floor plan // Level: SCALE +12’ 0” 1/16" = 1' 0" A100
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
34
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
TICKETING OFFICE
View - Open market in first floor
35
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
BACKSTAGE SERVICE ACCESS
WORKSHOP / CLASSROOM 1
BACKSTAGE SERVICE SPACE
200 PAX CAPACITY
REAR PROJECTOR ROOM / PERFORMANCE STAGE 14' 9" X 39' 6"
ROOM SUITE
11' 9" X 21' 2"
ARTIST GREEN ROOM 11' 9" X 12' 2"
WORKSHOP / CLASSROOM 2
14' 9" X 12' 7"
20' 4" X 20' 10"
SERVICE ELEVATOR
ROOM SUITE
SIDE STAGE SPACE
14' 9" X 12' 7"
EXIT ACCESS
ROOM SUITE 14' 9" X 12' 7"
MEDITATION SPACE BELOW
SERVICE ELEVATOR
RECEPTION AND WAITING ROOM (HOUSING) 14' 2" X 14' 3"
4
ADMINISTRATION ROOM (HOUSING) 10' 0" X 14' 3"
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
LINE OF PARTITION
SCREEN
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
14' 9" X 12' 7"
BACKSTAGE SERVICE ACCESS - 6' WIDE CORRIDOR
20' 4" X 20' 10"
ROOM SUITE
THIRD FLOOR PLAN (LVL +22' 0")
Third floor plan // Level: +22’ 0” SCALE A100
1/16" = 1' 0"
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION ROOM SUITE
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
200 PAX CAPACITY
BACKSTAGE SERVICE SPACE 17' 4" X 34' 2"
ROOM SUITE 14' 9" X 12' 7"
SERVICE ELEVATOR
ROOM SUITE 14' 9" X 12' 7"
CATWALK - SERVICE ACCESS
ROOM SUITE 14' 9" X 12' 7"
SERVICE ELEVATOR
MEN
12' 4" X 12' 6"
WOMEN
MEDITATION SPACE BELOW
11' 10" X 12' 6"
SKYLIGHT ABOVE
5
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
14' 9" X 12' 7"
FOURTH FLOOR PLAN (LVL +34' 0")
Fourth floor plan // Level: +34’SCALE 0” A100
1/16" = 1' 0"
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
A100
FIFTH FLOOR - MEZZANINE PLAN (LVL +42' 0") 1/16" = 1' 0"
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
6
Fifth floor plan // Level: +42’ 0” SCALE
36
View - Cafe space in Basement
37
Reusing CMU as screens in cafe
38
View - Mezzanine Level
39
Concrete panels reused as roofing system
40
Material take-off
Distribution of materials by volume
Distribution of carbon by materials
Note: (unit in lbs) Total carbon estimated 2.12 million tons Carbon saved from reusing existing materials 1.84 million tons
Saved carbon equivalent 357,000 cars off the road for a year
186 million gallons of gasoline consumed
270 billion number of smart phones charged
190,000 homes’ energy use for 1 year
1800 million pounds of coal burned
87 million propane cylinders used for home barbeques
Greenhouse gas emissions avoided by equivalent 357 wind turbines running for a year
62,896,025 incandescent lamps switched to LEDs
70 million trash bags of waste recycled instead of landfilled
2,162,100 acres of U.S. forests in one year
14,000 acres of U.S. forests preserved from conversion to cropland in one year
Carbon sequestered by equivalent 27,375,800 tree seedlings grown for 10 years
* source: Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies obtained from epa.gov
41
GREEN NEW DEAL PROJECT CENTRAL DOWNTOWN ATLANTA: LAND + WATER + CITY Location College Instructor Team Module Year
: : : :
Downtown Atlanta, GA Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA Prof. Richard Dagenhard Kiran Balakrishna, Chris Barnum, Dylan Bonsignore, Taylor Marshall, and Jane Rodrigues : Graduate Urban Design Studio : Fall 2020
The Studio in collaboration with Central Atlanta Progress, The Georgia Conservancy, Atlanta City Studio, and Sherwood Design Engineers, aims at crafting design strategies that weave ecological processes into an expanded vision of Downtown Atlanta, where the public domain becomes the framework for an urban and architectural future built on Decarbonization, Justice, and Jobs, as called for in the Green New Deal Superstudio and Equity, Progress, Ambition and Nature as called for in The Atlanta City Design. The Project deals in proposing strategies in stormwater mitigation in clear creek basin through Green Infrastructure measures. The project also provides attention to the future of Central Park Place and retrofitting new constructions in Central Park, Renaissance Park, and historic Civic Center also formerly called as Butter Milk Bottoms.
42
43
Peachtree Creek Watershed
Clear Creek Basin
Peachtree Creek is a one of the major streams in Atlanta. It flows for 7.5 miles (12.1 km) almost due west into the Chattahoochee River just south of Vinings.
Clear Creek is a stream in northeast Atlanta that is a tributary to Peachtree Creek and part of the Chattahoochee River watershed.
Its two major tributaries are the North Fork Peachtree Creek and the South Fork Peachtree Creek. The northern fork begins at the edge of Gwinnett County and flows 13.5 miles (21.7 km) southwest, almost perfectly parallel to Interstate 85 through DeKalb County.
It has two main branches, one originating east of the high ground along which Boulevard runs and another to the west originating on the northeast side of downtown Atlanta. The easterly branch of Clear Creek begins in several springs and branches in what are now Inman Park and the Old Fourth Ward.
Water Analysis- Existing Conditions 44
Central Atlanta Progress (CAP) Basin
Exisiting Street Network
Critical Problems
Exisiting Problems
•
Large amount of volume from upstream runoff originating from downtown Atlanta, Georgia State University, Grady Hospital, and the Martin Luther King, Jr. Historic District
• •
•
The volume of the downstream surfaces from the east and west ridges, along with piped runoff contribute to additional flooding events.
•
•
The overflow of combined sewage on to potential redevelopment sites.
•
Water Analysis- Existing Conditions 45
Clear Creek is placed in a combined sewer pipe. Continuous development of downtown created increasing flooding problems in the African American residential neighborhood of Buttermilk Bottoms. 1960s: Buttermilk Bottoms is demolished during Urban Renewal. Steep slopes from Peachtree Ridge to the west and Boulevard to the east produce high velocity flows of surface water, while piped stormwater contributes to additional flooding. 2019: Cistern with an 18 acre ft. capacity is installed at the Civic Center in an attempt to control combined sewer overflows downstream.
Exisiting Street Slopes
Existing Street Run-offs
+8 %
High amount of water
6%-8%
Low amount of water
3%-5% 0%-2%
Water Analysis- Existing Conditions 46
Proposed Water Strategy
Proposed Infrastructure Projects
Parks
Parks
Residual Spaces
Residual Spaces
The Stitch
The Stitch
Natural Water Flow
Stromwater Management
Basin Low Point
Street Flow
Street Flow
Existing Trunk Line
Exisiting Trunk Line
Central Park Pl St
Neighborhood Connectors
Neighborhood Connectors Possible Land Swaps
Water Analysis- Existing Conditions 47
Public Relam Project:
Conveyance St Streets that convey water down hill on moderate to steep slopes, where water velocity is the critical concern.
Central Park Pl
Piedmont Ave
Ralph McGill Blvd
Pe a
ch
tre
e
St .
North Ave
Transfer St Streets with moderate to steep slopes that transfer water to conveyance streets. Typically only one block long.
Irwin St
Sponge St Streets with shallow slopes, where water can be collected and infiltrated.
Auburn Ave Edgewood Ave
Blue St Streets that contain large amounts of water flowing into them, mainly from transfer and conveyance streets.
Basin Runoff
Street Runoff
Central Park PL
Stromwater Management - Existing Streets Conditions 48
In any given storm event, streets within the Clear Creek basin account for roughly 33% of the total stormwater runoff. When combined with water flowing off of blocks, this number jumps to 75%.
Conveyance St Control the velocity of stormwater to increase the time of concentration.
Bioswales
Bio-retention
Pervious Pavers
Transfer St Utilize both velocity controls and infiltration strategies to reduce the amount of water flowing between conveyance streets.
Bioswales
Bio-retention
Pervious Pavers
In-filtration
Sponge St Leverage the lack of slope to acheive maximum infiltration of stormwater, while cleaning it.
Bioswales
Bio-retention
Stromwater Management - Proposed Streets 49
Pervious Pavers
In-filtration
Bio-filtration
D
C
B
A
Existing waterflow
Existing frontages
Stromwater Management - Central Park Place // Existing Conditions 50
Existing intersections
Existing Proposal Outcome Street Runoff
Section at A Highland Ave to Ralph McGill Blvd
Section at B Pine St to Linden Ave
Section at C Ralph McGill Blvd to Pine St
Section at D Linden Ave to North Ave
Central Park PL
Water flow Building rear 4-way Intersection 3-way Intersection Stromwater Management - Central Park Place // Existing Conditions 51
North Ave
C Linden Ave.
Pine St
A
Ralph McGill Blvd
B
Stromwater Management - Central Park Place 52
Proposed Proposal Outcome Street Runoff
Section at A
Section at B
Section at C
Plan at A
Plan at B
Plan at C
Stromwater Management - Central Park Place 53
Water Mitigated
Potential
Street Runoff
Storage Capacity
PENN AVE.
CENTRAL PARK PL.
NORTH AVE.
LINDEN AVE.
Infiltration: Green space allows for infitration of water and increased evapotraspiration, while providing space for recreation and other activities.
Bio-retention: Large bio-retention gardens hold and treat water from Central Park Pl. Overflow cascades into the amphitheater.
During periods of intense rainfall, the amphitheater can hold up to 4.6 acrefeet of stormwater. When not holding water, it can used as a space for the arts and cultural events.
Bio-infiltration: Water entering from Central Park Pl. moves through planted swales, filtering out pollutants and oxygenating the water.
Proposed Stromwater Park: Plan 54
Outcome
Street Runoff
Increased evapo transpiration
Bio-rentention gardens 2.9 acre-feet combined
Floodable amphitheater 4.6 acre-feet
Proposed Stromwater Park: Site Section 55
Water Managed
Recreation lawn
MISSION DISTRICT San Francisco
NORTHWEST DISTRICT Portland 200’
400’
200’
270’
200’
270’
200’
460’
200’
550’
ALAMEDA Portland
Walkable block sizes within a street network with larger blocks to the North for Industrial zones. Alleys concentrated to few blocks.
Two basic block sizes based on housing types for residential areas. Even larger block sizes for riverfront industrial areas.
Medium sized blocks with compact street grid network. No alleys in subdivision.
BACK BAY Boston
MOUNT PLEASANT Vancouver
SOUTH BEACH Miami
600’
420’
320’
330’
120’ 310’
140’ 130’ 140’
Alley Alley
125’
112’
112’ 112’
Alley Alley
Narrow, long blocks a part of subdivision. Inclusion of 16’ alleys running East-West both, in residential and commercial zones.
Medium sized blocks in an orthagonal street grid. Inclusion of 20’ alleys running E-W both, in residential and commercial zones.
Precedents: Block sizes and typologies 56
Average blocks width 330’ in a definite street grid. Inclusion of 20’ alleys running N-S both, in residential and commercial zones.
A DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR COMMERCIAL BELOW // CENTER PARKING RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’ PARKING DIMENSION: 190’ X 115’ A COMMERCIAL WIDTH: DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR 70’ - 80’ COMMERCIAL BELOW // CENTER PARKING
A. Double loaded corridor RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: with commercial below 70’ - 80’ and central parking PARKING DIMENSION:
RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’ COMMERCIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’
F DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’ RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: PARKING WIDTH: 70’ - 80’ 120’
RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’ COMMERCIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’
C
E
RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’ PARKING WIDTH: 120’
B DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR COMMERCIAL BELOW // PARKING BELOW
D DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR PARKING CENTER // COURTYARD CENTER
RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’ PARKING WIDTH: 120’ B COMMERCIAL WIDTH: DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR 60’ COMMERCIAL BELOW //
RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’ PARKING WIDTH: 120’ D COURTYARD WIDTH: DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR 50’ PARKING CENTER //
G
F DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’
RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’ PARKING WIDTH: 120’ COURTYARD WIDTH: 50’
E. Double loaded corridor with commercial below and courtyard parking
F DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’
F. Double loaded corridor
Index
E DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR COMMERCIAL BELOW
H SINGLE LOADED CORRIDOR DUPLEX RESIDENTIAL WIDTH:
G SINGLE LOADED CORRIDOR
70’ - 80’ RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: COMMERCIAL WIDTH: 40’ - 50’’ 70’ - 80’
RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 40’ - 50’’
Building Typologies: Design Process D
RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’ COMMERCIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’
COURTYARD CENTER
RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’ PARKING WIDTH: 120’ COMMERCIAL WIDTH: 60’
G. Single loaded corridor with duplex units
DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR PARKING CENTER // COURTYARD CENTER
RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’ PARKING WIDTH: 120’
190’ X 115’ COMMERCIAL WIDTH: 70’ - 80’
D. Double loaded corridor SINGLE LOADED CORRIDOR with commercial below RESIDENTIAL WIDTH: and central parking 40’ - 50’’
C DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR PARKING BELOW
E DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR COMMERCIAL BELOW
LOADED CORRIDOR DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR B. Double loadedDOUBLE corridor C. Double loaded corridor PARKING BELOW COMMERCIAL BELOW with parking below with commercial below
PARKING BELOW
E DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR COMMERCIAL BELOW
C DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR PARKING BELOW
H. Single loaded corridor
57
Residential Commercial Parking
Redevelopment Project: Proposal 1
5
4
3
2
1
Proposal 1: Design Process 58
1 & 2. PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY and BLOCKS Identifying streets with given site constraints and easement location.
2. PARCEL SUBDIVISON & FRONTS Subdividing blocks into 60x90’ parcels.
EASEMENT Easement
PARCEL DIVISION Parcel
PUBLIC OF WAY RightRIGHT of way
ALLEY DIVISION Alley
PARCEL DIVISION
EASEMENT
4. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY Identifying areas for green infrastructure and mitigation of flooding.
5. PROPOSAL ALLEY DIVISION Proposing building typologies & possible massing.
PUBLIC GREEN SPACE ROOF GARDEN
BUILDING
LOW POINT
PARKING
PUBLIC SPACE PublicGREEN Green Space
RoofGARDEN Garden ROOF
BUILDING Building
LOW LowPOINT Point
PARKING Parking
Proposal 1: Design Process 59
Proposal 1: Design Massing 60
EE
R HT
C EA
P
ST.
ND
TLA
UR
CO
CU
RR
IER
ST
LIN DE NA VE R NU PA ENA RK ISS EN WA AN E Y N CE E
NE
ST.
NE
PIN
NE
ES
NC
ED
EL
EO
NA VE
.N
E
TN
E
E AV NT
RE
NA
NE
NO
ISS
RT
AN
MO
D
PIE
PO
CE
HA VE
NU
PA R
K
CE
NT
EN
E
RA
LP AR
K
CE
LA
P RK
A LP
RA
NT
CE
NE
U
H
LP
A
R
BO
IL
G
C
M E
L
RN
D LV
B E
N
D AY KW PAR
Proposal 1: Goals Achieved Celebrating the Easement Pragmatic approach given existing conditions. 534 housing units to be relocated 2989 Proposed housing units 2% of 100 year stormwater flooding mitigated
61
AN
GIE
RA VE
.N
E
E
RN
DD
R VA LE
Redevelopment Project: Proposal 2
5
4
3
2
1
Proposal 2: Design Process 62
1 & 2. PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY and BLOCKS Identifying streets with given site constraints and easement location.
2. PARCEL SUBDIVISON & FRONTS Subdividing blocks into 60x90’ parcels.
EASEMENT Easement
PARCEL DIVISION Parcel
PUBLIC OF WAY RightRIGHT of way
ALLEY DIVISION Alley
PARCEL DIVISION
EASEMENT
4. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY Identifying areas for green infrastructure and mitigation of flooding.
5. PROPOSAL ALLEY DIVISION Proposing building typologies & possible massing.
PUBLIC GREEN SPACE ROOF GARDEN
BUILDING
LOW POINT
PARKING
PUBLIC SPACE PublicGREEN Green Space
RoofGARDEN Garden ROOF
BUILDING Building
LOW LowPOINT Point
PARKING Parking
Proposal 2: Design Process 63
Proposal 2: Design Massing 64
LIN DE NA VE RE NU PA NA RK ISS EN WA AN E Y N CE E
E
T. N ES
E TR
CH
A PE
ND
LA
T UR
CO
CU
RR
IER
ST.
PIN
ES
NE
NA
NE
ISS
EL
EO
NA VE
NO
AN
CE
N MO
.N
E
RT
HA VE
NU
PA R
K
D
PIE
ED
E
VE TA
NE
NC
TN
RE ST
PO
EN
E
C PA ENT RK RA L
K AR LP
E
EN
AC
PL
RA
NT
CE
U
H
LP
A
R
BO
IL
G
C
M E
L
RN
D LV
B E
N
D AY KW PAR
Proposal 2: Goals Achieved Emphasis on Communal Green Spaces. Futuristic Radical approach. 966 housing units to be relocated 4539 Proposed housing units 4% of 100 year stormwater flooding mitigated
Proposal 2: Design Massing 65
AN
GIE
RA VE
.N
E
E
RN
DD
R VA LE
Proposal 2: Street Typology 66
Conveyance St
Decarbonization
Bioswale
Sponge St Decarbonization
Bioswale
Infiltration
Transfer St
Bioswale
Proposal 2: Street Typology 67
Activity Lawn Spaces (Infiltration) E
N CE
LA
KP
AR LP
PIN
A TR
N
CE
ES
TN
E
Peripheral Jogging/ Walking Track Amphitheatre (Water Collection) Bioswales (Water Collection)
RE
Pervious pavement (Infiltration)
NA
ISS
AN
CE
PA R
KW AY N
E ED
OS
OP
PR
FF
TO
E RE
ST
VE NA
E
.N
N
PE
Bioswales (Water Collection)
Open Market (Infiltration) Concert Area (Infiltration) Activity Area (Infiltration) NA
C
LA
KP
R PA
L RA
RE
E EN
ISS
AN
CE
C
PA R
KW AY N
T EN
E
Meditation / yoga zone
Pervious pathways (Infiltration)
LIN
DE
NA VE
NU
EN
ET
RE
E
E AV
E
.N
Skate Park (Water Collection)
FP
OF
E
OS
OP
PR
T DS
N EN
Bioswales (Water Collection)
Activity Lawn Spaces (Infiltration)
NO VE NA
RT
E
.N
HA VE
NU
N
E FP
F TO
EN
E
EE
ED
OS
OP
PR
R ST
Amphitheatre (Water Collection) Pervious pavement (Infiltration) LIN
DE
NA VE
NU
EN
CE
LA
E
Bioretention (Water Collection)
NE
A LP
RA
NT
CE
P RK
Green Infrastructure Parcels - Proposal 2 68
A
Longitudinal section through the clear creek basin
Section at A
Cross Section through Civic Center - B
Cross Section through Civic Center - C
Cross Section through Civic Center - D
Cross Section through Civic Center - E
Site Sections - Proposal 2 69
70
71
WONG DAI SIN TEMPLE C O N S T R U C T I O N College Team Instructor(s) Module Year
: : : : :
D R A W I N G
S E T
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA Kiran Balakrishna, Rachael Carstens, Rayvonn Whitehead Scott Marble, Michael Gamble, Charles Rudolph Construction Technology II Spring 2020
The objective of the course was to research and analyze a contemporary case study building and to build a detailed digital model of several subject areas of the same building. Using the building’s construction documents as the primary resource, a full understanding of the building was developed with its interrelationships between the architectural, structural, mechanical, and enclosure systems along with the construction methods, materials, and assemblies. The preliminary case study was worked in a team of three, to do the research and model the building structure and the detailed model assemblies of thev specific subject areas were done individually.
72
Reference: https://www.archdaily.com/878269/wong-dai-sin-temple-shim-sutcliffe-architects
73
1. Substructure - Raft footing
2. Substructure - Concrete piers
3. Cantilever slab
4. Flooring and Insulation
5. Superstructure - Steel columns
6. Superstructure - Steel beams
7. Angular steel members
8. Roof sheathing
74
Structural system overview
75
North-West Axonometric View
76
DRAWING NAME: S-W ROOF DETAIL
A B
Legend:
C D
E
F G
A B C D E F G H I J K
-
L M N O P Q R
-
S M H I J
M
N P
C D
K
E
E
F
H
G
I P
C D
L
N O
A
B
L K
Q
S
R
R
F G
PHA DR
SCALE: 1” = 1’ 0”
A
O
Bitumen waterproofing 50mm protection board Insulation membrane Sheet roofing Structural steel beam Aluminium channels Gypsum fasleceiling panels Steel L angle as per detail 40X150mm metal studs 39X80mm wooden strapping 20mm interior plywood sheathing Interior board as per detail Metal parapet cover 100X100X6mm L-angle Wooden strapping Metal flashing 6X50mm steel flat bar 20mm exterior plywood sheathing copper plate sheathing
DRA S-W
Architect: Shim Sutcliffe Architects
Leg
Structural Engineers: Blackwell Structural Civil Works: Masongsong Associates Landscape Architect: NAK Design Group
WONG DAI SIN TEMPLE 378 Steeles Avenue East Markham Ontario Canada
S
Outside
Inside
TEAM MEMBERS KEY SECTION Scale 1/2”=1’ 0” H I J
A
P
C D
O
E
K L
F
H
G
I L K
L M N O P Q R
-
SCA
Rachael Carstens Rayvon Whitehead
N
-
S -
Kiran Balakrishna
M
A B C D E F G H I J K
Arch Shim
Struc Blac
Civil Mas
Land NAK
W SI
S R
378 Mar Outside
Inside
TE KEY SECTION Scale 1/2”=1’ 0”
South-West Roof Detail
77
Kir
Ra Ray
Wall Detail
78
DRAWING NAME: S-W SLAB DETAIL Legend: A - 150X150mm steel column B - 40X150mm metal studs C - 20mm exterior plywood sheathing D - Copper plate sheathing E - 6X50mm steel flat bar F - 39X80mm wooden strapping G - 20mm interior plywood sheathing H - Interior board as per detail I - Wooden strapping J - 39X80mm wooden strapping K - Copper plate sheathing L - Steel L angle as per detail M - Copper plate sheathing under cladding N - 6X50mm steel flat bar 50mm concrete topping O P - 20mm plywood insulation Q - 150mm thick expanded polystrene insulation R - Concrete cantilever slab
O P Q R
PHA DRA
SCALE: 1” = 1’ 0”
DRA S-W
Architect: Shim Sutcliffe Architects A
Outside
B
Inside
C
Landscape Architect: NAK Design Group
G
E
A - 1 B - 4 C - 2 sh D - C E - 6 F - 3 G - 2 sh H - In I - W J - 3 K - C L - S M - C u N - 6 5 O P - 2 Q - 1 p R - C
Civil Works: Masongsong Associates
C D
Lege
Structural Engineers: Blackwell Structural
H
F
O
L
G
P
B
H
Q O
I
R
P
WONG DAI SIN TEMPLE 378 Steeles Avenue East Markham Ontario Canada
Q
TEAM MEMBERS
R
J K
Kiran Balakrishna
KEY SECTION Scale 1/2”=1’ 0”
N
Outside
SCA
Rachael Carstens Rayvon Whitehead
Archi Shim
Struct Black
Inside
Civil W Maso
C
Lands NAK D
G H J
L
K
B
O P Q R
L
WO SIN
378 Mark
TEA
M J
N
K N
South-West Slab Detail
79
KEY SECTION Scale 1/2”=1’ 0”
Kira
Rac Ray
Horizontal Axonometric Section
80
DRAWING NAME: N-W SLAB DETAIL A
Legend: A - 12mm double glazed fixed glass with aluminium frame B - 50mm concrete topping C - 150mm thick expanded polystrene insulation D - Concrete cantilever slab E - 20mm plywood sheathing F - Insulation membrane G - 39X80mm wooden battens H - 6X50mm steel flat bar I - 40X150mm wooden truss bolted to the slab J - 20mm plywood sheathing K - Steel L angle as per detail L - Copper plate sheathing M - 6X50mm steel flat bar N - 20mm exterior plywood sheathing O - Aluminium box section
B
PHA DR
C D
SCALE: 1” = 1’ 0” E
Architect: Shim Sutcliffe Architects
A
F
Structural Engineers: Blackwell Structural
G
Civil Works: Masongsong Associates Landscape Architect: NAK Design Group
A
Outside
H
Inside
WONG DAI SIN TEMPLE
I O K
J
G F L N I
378 Steeles Avenue East Markham Ontario Canada
TEAM MEMBERS
B C L
M
D
Kiran Balakrishna
KEY SECTION Scale 1/2”=1’ 0”
D
Rachael Carstens Rayvon Whitehead
E N
F
DRA N-W
Leg A B C D E F G H I
-
J K L M N
-
O -
SCA
Arch Shim
Struc Blac
G
Civil Mas
Land NAK
A
Outside
H
Inside
W SI
I J
G F L N I
378 Mar
TE
D
North-West Slab Detail
81
KEY SECTION Scale 1/2”=1’ 0”
Kir
Ra Ray
South-East Axonometric View
82
DRAWING NAME: N-W ROOF DETAIL
B
C
Legend:
E F G H I J
K L A
G H I Q P
D
A C B M N
E
G
I J
N
K L T
P
Leg
Structural Engineers: Blackwell Structural
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
Landscape Architect: NAK Design Group
H
O
DRA N-W
Architect: Shim Sutcliffe Architects
Civil Works: Masongsong Associates
F
M
PHA DR
SCALE: 1” = 1’ 0”
B
C
-
100X100X6mm L-angle Plywood sheathing with cover 150X150mm box section Bitumen waterproofing 39X80mm wooden battens Insulation membrane Metal flashing 50mm protection board Insulation membrane Structural steel beam Aluminium channels Gypsum fasleceiling panels 6X50mm steel flat bar Copper plate sheathing 20mm plywood sheathing 100X100X6mm L-angle Sheet roofing 20mm exterior plywood sheathing S - Steel L angle as per detail T - 12mm double glazed fixed glass with aluminium frame
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
D
Q
WONG DAI SIN TEMPLE 378 Steeles Avenue East Markham Ontario Canada
R
K
Outside
Inside
Kiran Balakrishna
KEY SECTION Scale 1/2”=1’ 0”
S
S T -
TEAM MEMBERS
L
Rachael Carstens Rayvon Whitehead
SCA G H I Q P
A C B M N
T
-
Arch Shim
Struc Blac
Civil Mas
Land NAK
K L T
W SI
378 Mar
Outside
TE
Inside KEY SECTION Scale 1/2”=1’ 0”
North-West Roof Detail
83
Kir
Ra Ray
Slab Edge Detail
84
DRAWING NAME: S-W FIN EDGE DETAIL
A
Legend: A - 12mm double glazed fixed glass with aluminium frame B - 40X150mm metal studs C - 20mm plywood sheathing D - 6X50mm steel flat bar E - Copper plate sheathing F - Aluminium box section G - Interior board as per detail H - 20mm plywood sheathing I - 12X12mm plywood edge J - 6mm plywood cover K - 50mm concrete topping L - 150mm thick expanded polystrene insulation M - Concrete cantilever slab N - 20mm plywood cover O - Insulation membrane P - 39X80mm wooden battens Q - 40X150mm wooden truss R - Copper plate sheathing S - 6X50mm steel flat bar T - 20mm plywood sheathing
B
C D E
B J H A
F
Inside
H
SCALE: 1” = 1’ 0”
DRA S-W
Architect: Shim Sutcliffe Architects
A G
PHA DRA
Lege A -
Structural Engineers: Blackwell Structural
I J
Civil Works: Masongsong Associates
B
Outside
Landscape Architect: NAK Design Group
E
E C E
K
C
L
S
D
M
Kiran Balakrishna
KEY PLAN Scale 1/2”=1’ 0”
O
378 Steeles Avenue East Markham Ontario Canada
TEAM MEMBERS
E N
WONG DAI SIN TEMPLE
Rachael Carstens Rayvon Whitehead
B J H A
B C D E F G H I J K L
-
M N O P Q R S T
-
SCA
Arch Shim
P
Inside
Struc Blac
Civil Mas Outside
Land NAK
Q R
E
S
E C
T
E
S
W SI
378 Mark
TEA KEY PLAN Scale 1/2”=1’ 0”
South-West Fin Edge Detail
85
Kir
Rac Ray
SCHOOL IN DWTN ATLANTA I N T E G R AT E D College Team Instructor Module Year
BUILDING
SYSTEM
DESIGN
: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA : Kiran Balakrishna, Jane Rodrigues, Prerana Kamat, and Ameya Yawalkar : Tarek Rakha : Environmental Systems II : Spring 2020
We live in an era where we are rushed against time to manage our ever-growing energy demands and are required to devise strategies that aid in the smart utilization of all energy sources. Bringing into focus energy conservation would help address several issues such as energy costs, air pollution, greenhouse gases, global climate change, and our dependence on non-renewable sources of energy. Therefore, it becomes vital to seek alternative solutions to meet surmounting energy demands rather than the mere application of conventional systems in design and planning. The project seeks to understand the impact of location, environment, and climate on design and how it can integrate design with sustainable building systems to achieve energy efficient buildings. This will be achieved through a series of exercises in modeling, simulations, and data analysis thereafter. Simultaneous precedent studies further assist in the understanding of various systems and strategies currently used in similar climatic conditions and assist in choosing the most efficient solution for the project type.
86
Detail A - Energy Efficient Lighting
Detail B - Geothermal Heating
Detail C - Plumbing Details
Detail D - Dayligting in Teachers Lounge
Electric Lighting Workplane Illuminance
Annual Glare
C
A
Daylighting Workplane Illuminance
B
D
Integrated design summary
87
n as a itioning
Dry Bulb Temperature:
Adverse temperature conditions are more prevalent thoughout the year with very few days within comfort range.
Relative Humidity:
Sun shading strategies to be taken in account for months from June to August due to high temperature and high altitiude of the sun and heat gain strategies should be taken in consideration for months of Nov. to Feb. Atlanta experiences high humidity during the summer from months of April to November.
Psychometric Chart:
Climate Analysis - Atlanta
Tiles or slates and stone faced fireplace provides enough surface mass to store winter daytime
88 Shaded outdoor buffer zones oriented to north west and east directions can extend living, working and
Windrose (Dry bulb temperature)
Windrose (Wind speed)
Sun Path (July - December)
Sun Path (January - June)
Months: July - December Day- 21 and hours-9am to 4pm
Months: January - June Day- 21 and hours-9am to 4pm
Climate Analysis - Atlanta
89
4
3 5
2
1
Index: 1. Teachers’ Lounge 2. Computer Room 3. Classrooms 4. Toilets 5. Corridors
Sectional Floor Plan
90
Clerestory Window
North Skylight
Setback
Section through Teachers’ Lounge
Clerestory Window
North Skylight
Setback
Section through Computer Room
Shading and Light Shelf
Shading, Light Shelf and Louvers
Section through Classrooms
91
Setback
Second Floor 3 Classrooms 99.8% Corridor 92.9%
3 Classrooms 100%
First Floor
Teachers Lounge Computer Lab 96.4% Corridor 94.1%
Annual Daylight Autonomy
92
3 Classrooms 0% Corridor 8.2%
3 Classrooms 0% Teachers Lounge Computer Lab 0% Corridor 6.8%
Annual Solar Exposure
93
Second Floor
3 Classrooms 829 Lux Corridor 642 Lux
3 Classrooms 766 Lux
First Floor
Teachers Lounge Computer Lab 642 Lux Corridor 316 Lux
Work Workplane PlaneIlluminance Illuminance
94
False Color and RGB renderings
3 Classrooms 0% Corridor 4%
3 Classrooms 4% Teachers Lounge Computer Lab 1% Corridor 3%
Annual Glare
95
PANOS EVO Q68
ECOOS2 SLIM
CLEVO ID 440
PANOS INFINITY R200H
L-1
L-5
L-6
L-7
Article No. Light Source Luminaire Luminous flux Luminaire efficiancy Color temperature Luminaire input power Power factor
60 815 077 LED 720 lm 72 lm/W 2700 Kelvin 10 W
42 933 406 LED 4400 lm 110 lm/W 4000 Kelvin 40.1 W 0.96
42 186 129 LED 4640 lm 136 lm/W 3000 Kelvin 34 W 0.94
60 818 106 LED 1866 lm 124 lm/W 3000 Kelvin 15 W 0.98
0
RGB Rendering
250 cd/m2
False Color Rendering Imperciptible Glare // DGP 0.12
Electrical lighting Goals: Achieve an efficient lighting scheme using a combination of 2 or 3 lights that provides maximum efficiency with desired illuminance and adheres to the lighting power density of 12.9W/m2 for a school program type. The toilet is set to a baseline illuminance level of 300lux while the other spaces require a work plane illuminance of 500lux. LPD ACHIEVED - 4.06 W/m Note: Maximum LPD for schools is 12.90 W/m and Imperciptible Glare with DGP 0.12
Higher efficiency light fixtures
Integrated Electrical System
96
3 Classrooms 533 Lux
Second Floor
Corridor 575 Luxv
First Floor
3 Classrooms 426 Lux Teachers Lounge and Computer Lab 466 Lux Corridor 554 Luxv
Workplane Illuminance
97
HVAC Circuit Diagram
Integrated HVAC System
98
Cooling mode
Heating mode
Return air duct Trunk and branch system
Stack head register and supply air duct Heat pump Dehumidifier
Dehumidifier
Geothermal ground loops
Geothermal heat pump in Cooling mode
99
HVAC Goals: Strive for thermal comfort throughout the year with a reduction of energy demands for heating and cooling through passive design strategies for efficient building envelope like fenestrations (louvers, overhangs, double glazed windows etc). To understand how to reduce ventilation energy demands in the given climatic conditions and to seek an integrated design that couples HVAC to energy required for water heating.
Water efficiency Goals: To curb wasteful disposal of water that can be reused and to conserve/reduce water demand. To study storm water management and ways to store, clean and resuse water for irrigation and non-potable purposes with minimized water consumption in toilets and outdoors spaces including bio re-use of waste for lanscaping.
Integrated water system
100
Supply water line
Cold Water Distribution
Hot Water Distribution
Sanitary waste disposal
Sanitary ventilation line
Strom rainwater disposal
101
T H E
S I N E
W A V E
CREATIVE PLAY 1: DESIGNING WITH AUGMENTED REALITY College Team Instructor Module Year
: : : : :
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA Kiran Balakrishna, Ameya Yawalkar Keith Kasemen Advance production Fall 2019
The project deals to design, refine, fabricate and finish a material construct utilizing digital fabrication tools and to further develop interoperable Fologram (augmented reality mobile application) interfaces that align with the material construct fabricated in categories of spatial information including notational, annotational, spatial analysis, and constructive geometric systems.
102
Tween meshes in augmented reality
103
Material construct: Waffle sine wave fabricated using 3d CNC routing
104
1. Tween meshes
2. Scaled geometry
105
3. Stepped cubes
4. Interweaving tubes
106
5. Core ribs
6. Reset
107
THE INTERLOCKING CELLS CREATIVE PLAY 2: FABRICATE WITH AUGMENTED REALITY College Team Instructor Module Year
: : : : :
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA Kiran Balakrishna, Ameya Yawalkar Keith Kasemen Advance production Fall 2019
The project comprises of advanced integrations of digital design and production technologies. The key objective was to practice how to both learn and utilize advanced digital design and production techniques in preparation for work to be executed as a final project. The process involved design, iterative development, fabrication and assembly of a physical spatial construct, utilizing a focussed set of materials, CNC and manual production tools in the digital fabrication lab. Within a prescribed list of performance, dimension, material, automation requirements and inoperability criteria. This material assembly incorporated augmented reality using grasshopper and fologram into design intents, production workflows. The construct was build out of 1/4� plywood and acrylic sheets. All the prototype details are scripted on grasshopper to enable flexibility. The construct was assembled with the step by step aid from fologram showcasing it’s potential to be utilized for complex physical constructs.
108
Different parameters involved in module prototyping
109
Module derivation
Acrylic centre to welcome light into the structure
1/4� plywood base with slot fabricated using CNC mill
Final module detailed design
110
3d view of fully assembled construct with 2d modules
111
Iteration 1: Exploding lines
Iteration 2: Electric charges
Iteration 3: Metamorphosis
112
Iteration 4: Visualizing an architectural space
113
Assembly of physical construct with step by step aid from fologram
114
Augmented reality iteration over physical construct through fologram mobile application
115
T H E
C I N C T U R E
CRITICAL STUDY: WTC TRANSIT HUB, NEW YORK CITY College Team Instructor Module Year
: : : : :
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA Kiran Balakrishna, Ameya Yawalkar, Manushi Sheth Kurt Hong Media and Modeling Fall 2019
The objective of the study was to inspect an architectural project (WTC Transit Hub) and dissect it in terms of its geometry, form and building systems. The analysis was further used to generate a grasshopper script to portray the anticipated parametric logic applied to it to generate it’s 2 dimensional, 3-dimensional parti, and to create variations using different input parameters.
116
Cincture - An enclosure, or the act of enclosing, encircling or encompassing.
117
a
b
a
b
Ra
diu
sA a
CP B
c
d
Step 1
c
Step 2
d
Step 3
a
b
a
b
c
d
c
d
Step 4
A
CP
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 10
Step 11
r1 r2
Step 8
Step 9
2d parti analysis
118
use 2d enevelope parti as the base geometry
divide with number of fins using divide curve and join the corresponding points with 2 point lines
extrude curves along z axis
intersecting planes and central curve to obtain mid points
project skylight curves on the envelope loft using project brep
use line sdl to generate lines projecting perpendicular to the skylight
move the end points of the line along z direction using graph mapper
use 2 points line to connect the end points of the fin
join lines between the fins and the ribs from 3d parti
move lines from ribs to define the thickness
move lines from the fins and fillet the outer vertice to generate the frame of the component
make surface using extrude
mirror to complete the parti
extract curves from 2d parti
loft curves to derive the entrance
intersecting extruded base rectangle from the loft
3d parti // Building system - Structural fins
119
use enelope loft to project the skylight curve
enable fins to overlay with the projected curves
use split with brep to derive the width of the window
use loft to derive the profile of the window
offset on surface to derive the window frame
mirror to complete the parti
use extrude and move to generatethe capping beam
3d parti // Building system - Window glazing
120
Using curves derived from the 3D parti
dividing curves and interpolating to generate profiles
lofting curves to obtain the outer shell of the oculus
Using skylight profile from the 2d parti
projecting profile on the loft
using teen curves to derive the median of the 2 curves
dividing curves and joining using 2 point line
generating the surface using loft
using offset brep to derive the frame
3d parti // Building system - Oculus skylight
121
www.kiranbalakrishna.com