Enhancing Pulses Production Technologies and Strategies
Enhancing Pulses Production Technologies and Strategies
Edited by :
Babooji Gangwar Project Director Project Directorate for Farming Systems Research Modipuram, Meerut -250110 Uttar Pradesh and
Anil Kumar Singh Vice Chancellor Rajmata Vijayaraje Sciendia Krishi Vishvwa Vidhyalaya Gwalior - 474002, Madhya Pradesh
NEW INDIA PUBLISHING AGENCY New Delhi – 110 034
Citation : Gangwar, B. and Singh, A.K. (Eds.). 2014. Enhancing Pulses Production: Technologies and Strategies. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi; .............. p. 1-545
NEW INDIA PUBLISHING AGENCY 101, Vikas Surya Plaza, CU Block, LSC Market Pitam Pura, New Delhi 110 034, India Phone: + 91 (11)27 34 17 17 Fax: + 91(11) 27 34 16 16 Email: info@nipabooks.com Web: www.nipabooks.com Feedback at feedbacks@nipabooks.com Š Editors, 2014 ISBN : 978-93-81450-77-2 All rights reserved, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher or the copyright holder. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author/s, editor/s and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The author/s, editor/s and publisher have attempted to trace and acknowledge the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission and acknowledgements to publish in this form have not been taken. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify it, in subsequent reprints. Trademark notice: Presentations, logos (the way they are written/presented) in this book are under the trademarks of the publisher and hence, if copied/resembled the copier will be prosecuted under the law. Composed, Designed and Printed at Jai Bharat Printing Press, Delhi
'kjniokj
Ă‘f"k,oa[kk|izlaLdj.km|ksx ea=kh Hkkjrljdkj
SHARAD PAWAR
l R; e so t ; r s
MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE & FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
11th February, 2014
Foreword
Indian Agriculture has made tremendous progress in feeding the second largest population in the world. The agricultural production system can take credit that during the period 1950-51 to 2011-12, the food grain production increased five times, the horticulture and milk production six times, fish production nine times and egg production twenty seven times. A creditable record production of pulses of more than 18 million tonnes was achieved in 2010-11 as a consequence of efforts of the Ministry of Agriculture, Line Departments, State Agricultural Universities and Indian Council of Agricultural Research. However, when the production of pulses is examined, the enhancement in production has been only 2.2 times during this period increasing from 8.4 million tonnes in 1950-51 to 18.2 million tonnes in 2011-12. The production target for 2025 has been set as 30 million tonnes which is in itself a challenging task considering the fact that pulses are cultivated in rainfed areas under various abiotic and biotic conditions with a low level of inputs. Technological developments that have taken place over the years related to improve varieties and agronomic management have indicated that it is feasible to meet the production targets and ensure nutrition security to the vast Office : Room No. 120, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi-110 001 Tel.: 23383370, 23782691 Fax : 23384129 Resi. : 6, Janpath, New Delhi-110 011 (India) Tel. : 011-23018870, 23018619 Fax : 011-23018609 Email : sharadpawar.sp@gmail.com
v
Foreword / vi population and improve soil health by inclusion of pulses in the cropping and farming systems prevalent in the country. I am happy that efforts have been made here to document the information at the national level relevant for adoption in different states in the form of this publication entitled “Enhancing Pulses Production: Technologies and Stratégies” for the use of extension agencies, researches and planners. This publication will certainly be of immense use to all the stake holders concerned with pulses production in India.
(Sharad Pawar)
Office : Room No. 120, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi-110 001 Tel.: 23383370, 23782691 Fax : 23384129 Resi. : 6, Janpath, New Delhi-110 011 (India) Tel. : 011-23018870, 23018619 Fax : 011-23018609 Email : sharadpawar.sp@gmail.com
Preface
As a result of concerted multi-agency efforts focussing on R&D and technology with effective policy and institutional mechanism, India could harvest a record production of foodgrains of about 250 million tonnes during 2011-12. However, low production/ productivity and almost stagnant production of pulses remained a matter of concern for the researchers and planners of the country. Backed up with higher support prices and technological backstopping by developmental agencies, pulses production could also be achieved to a record levels of 18.24 million tonnes in 2010-11 and 17.28 million tonnes in 2011-12. In spite of the record production, the country still imported 3.5 million tonnes of pulses (2010-11) costing about Rs.7,000 crores in foreign exchange, being the biggest importer with close to 20 percent share of the world. Whenever availability of pulses fell short of domestic demand, there has been a spurt in prices causing widespread concerns among the planners and policy makers because pulses are considered a major source of proteins and play an important role in improving food and nutritional security particularly for the poor and small and marginal farmers in India. To alleviate protein-energy malnutrition in the country, a minimum of 50 gm of pulses per capita per day is required in addition to other sources of proteins such as cereals, milk, meat, egg, etc. To make up this shortfall, about 27 million tonnes of pulses are required by 2015 and 32 million tonnes by 2030. To meet this target, the overall pulses production must increase at the rate of around 4 percent per annum. Though the latest data shows that pulses productivity has reached a record level of approximately 700 kg/ha, the present productivity growth is still not sufficient enough to meet the diversified pulses demand of the rising population. This seems a herculean task in the light of the past trends in pulses production. India's dependence on global market to meet the domestic demand for pulses would increase in future. Completely relying on imports would not be a good strategy for a country with a large vegetarian population. Therefore, a well thought strategy is urgently needed to meet future demand of pulses and avoid crises situations. The key elements of such a strategy should aim at providing technological backstopping for managing biotic and abiotic stresses and achieving a breakthrough in pulse productivity on sustainable basis alongwith remunerative price support for the farmers. It must be remembered that pulses are going to play crucial role not only for nutritional security but also for improving human- livestock- soil health and also for saving water resource. vii
Preface / viii Experiences from farming system research reveal that opting for specific cropping pattern for different regions and adopting improved agronomic practices provide us with substantial scope for incorporating pulses in the prevailing farming systems, and realising the target of pulses production is not difficult if location-specific strategies are implemented effectively. The content of the present book addresses all the relevant issues by dovetailing the regionspecific strategy and options for solving pulses crises in the country. It is expected that the book would serve to sensitise the planners and policy makers as well as the local agricultural development officials to explore and implement region-specific strategy for enhancing pulses production by incorporating these in the prevailing farming systems by harnessing the available technological potential. Moreover, various technological options and strategies presented in this book would also be useful for all the stakeholders to realise the target of pulses production in near future. B. Gangwar Anil Kumar Singh
Synonyms
1.
Pigonpea/Redgram (Cajanus cajan (L. Millsp.): Arhar dal (Bengali/ Hindi/Kashmiri), Tuvara parippu (Malayalam), Thugare bele (Kannad), Tur dal (Marathi), Harada (Oriya), Tuvaram paruppu (Tamil), Tuver (Gujarati).
2.
Greengram/Mungbean (Vigna radiate L. R. Wilczek): Mug (Gujarati/ Bengali), Hesare kalu (Kannad), Muang (Kashmiri), Moongi (Punjabi), Cheru pararu (Malayalam), Mung (Hindi/Marathi), Muga (Oriya), Pasipayir (Tamil), Pesalu (Telugu).
3.
Blackgram/Urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper): Mashkalair dal (Bengali), Uddina bele (Kannad), Kaha (Kashmiri), Mah-di-dal (Punjabi), Uzhunnu parippu (Malayalam), Urd dal (Hindi), Biri (Oriya), Ulutham paruppu (Tamil), Minapa pappu (Telugu), Uddachi dal (Marathi), Aalad (Gujarati).
4.
Chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.): Chana (Gujarati/Hindi), Kadale (Kannad), Kadala (Malayalam), Chanu (Kashmiri), Buta (Oriya), Harbara (Marathi), Chole (Punjabi), Kothu kadalai (Tamil), Sanagalu (Telugu), Chola (Bengali).
5.
Lentil (Lens culinaris): Masoor (Bengali), Masur dal (Hindi/Gujarati/ Marathi), Masur bele (Kannad), Masur parippu (Malayalam), Musur (Kashmiri), Masura (Oriya), Mysore paruppu (Tamil), Misur pappu (Telugu).
6.
Field pea (Pisum sativum L.): Matar (Bengali/Hindi), Vatana (Gujarati/ Marathi, Batani (Kannad/Telugu), Pattani (Malayalam/Tamil), Matara (Oriya), Kara (Kashmiri), Kabli chole (Punjabi).
7.
Lathyrus/Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.): Khesari (Hindi/Bengali/Oriya), Lakh (Marathi), Khesari parippu (Tamil), Lanka pappu (Telugu).
8.
Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub): Gaur (Hindi/Bengali), Gori Kayi (Kannad), Guwar (Marathi), Kothavarnkai (Tamil).
9.
Mothbean/Dew gram (Vigna aconitifolia Jacq. Marechal): Moth (Hindi), Matki (Marathi), Kancha muga (Oriya), Thanni kaalu (Kannad), Bobbarlu (Telugu), Thatta payaru (Tamil). ix
Synonyms / x 10.
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.): Barbati (Bengali), Lobia (Hindi), Alasande (Kannad), Payteluguar (Malayalam), Chavli (Marathi), Chani (Oriya), Karamani (Tamil), Bobbarlu (Telugu).
11.
Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum L. Verdc.): Kulthi-kalai (Bengali), Kuleeth (Gujarati/Marathi), Hurule (Kannad), Muthira (Malayalam), Kulthi (Hindi), Kolatha (Oriya), Kollu (Tamil), Ulavalu (Telugu).
12.
Rajmash/Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): Rajma (Hindi), Rajmah (Assamese), Raajma (Bengali, Gujarati, Kannad), Rajama (Oriya), Rajma phalli (Urdu), Kidney Beans (Tamil), Van Payar (Malayalam).
Contents
Foreward ...................................................................................................... v Preface .......................................................................................................... vii Synonyms .................................................................................................... ix 1.
Enhancing Pulses Production: The Way Forward .............................
1
B. Gangwar, Harbir Singh and N. Ravisankar 2.
Andhra Pradesh ........................................................................................
21
V. Raja, M. Venkata Ramana and S. Sridevi 3.
Assam ........................................................................................................
39
A. Baishya, J.P. Hazarika and M.C. Kalita 4.
Bihar ...........................................................................................................
55
R.P. Sharma 5.
Chhattisgarh ............................................................................................. 79 S.K. Sarawgi, Shrikant Chitale, Alok Tiwari, G.K. Shrivastava, H.C. Nanda and Sunil Nair
6.
Gujarat ....................................................................................................... 123 B.S. Patel, R.R. Patel, S.M. Patel and I.C. Patel
7.
Haryana .. ................................................................................................... 141 Pawan Kumar, Manoj Kumar and S. K. Yadav
8.
Himachal Pradesh .................................................................................... 161 SC Negi, SS Rana and Daisy Basandrai
9.
Islands ........................................................................................................ 201 N. Ravisankar, B. Gangwar, T.P. Swarnam, S.K. Zamir Ahmed and N. Bommayasamy
10.
Jammu & Kashmir ................................................................................... 221 Dileep Kachroo, Jyoti Kachroo, Mudasir Iqbal, N.P. Thakur and Ashok Gupta xi
Fi r s tf e wp a g e so ft h i sb o o ka r ep u b l i s h e d o nk i s a n . c o mb yi t sp u b l i s h e r . I fy o uwi s ht op u r c h a s eah a r d c o p y o ft h i sb o o k , p l e a s ec o n t a c tt h ep u b l i s h e r .
Publ i sher