HANDBOOK ON Freshwater Aquaculture
HANDBOOK ON Freshwater Aquaculture
Edited by:
N.P. Singh Director ICAR Research Complex for Goa Ela, Old Goa, 403 402, Goa
B. Santhosh Principal Scientist Vizhinjam Reserach Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Vizhinjam, Thiruvananthapuram – 695 521, Kerala
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Foreword Freshwater aquaculture is an age old tradition in many countries like Australia, China and Japan. Even today, fish remains one of cheapest sources of animal protein. Capture fisheries and aquaculture together form an important food producing sector with a special projection on its prime role in eradication of protein deficiency and malnutrition among rural poor. Global aquaculture production has already crossed 80 million tons and in spite of all problems, there has been a steady growth in this sector. Capture fisheries has apparently reached its maximum sustainable yield limit and a production has been steady for the past few decades. The steady increase in global fish production is mainly due to the steady progress in aquaculture sector where the major contribution is from freshwater aquaculture. Major share of freshwater aquaculture comes from rural and traditional aquaculture which is still far away from an industrial or commercial outlook. All forms of freshwater aquaculture except intensive farming are eco-friendly and have an important role in water conservation. Worldwide, the lion’s share of fish farming is from freshwater aquaculture. Freshwater aquaculture is relatively safe to environment and requires relatively less capital investment. Considering the steady increase in demand for fish over the years coupled with the increasing awareness of its nutritional superiority, there is a bright future for expansion of this sector.
vi
Foreword
This comprehensive publication “Handbook on Freshwater Aquaculture� is the collective effort of a wide array of eminent people associated with Indian aquaculture. Special emphasis has been given to aquaculture and its prospects and problems in rural India especially the lesser known areas of Northeast India. The book covers almost all important aspects of freshwater aquaculture, both traditional and modern aquaculture techniques, water quality issues, integrated farming practices, environmental, socio-economic and livelihood issues. It is expected that the book will prove to a source of useful information for the needs of students, scholars, farmers and researchers.
Dated the 12th March, 2014 New Delhi
(S. Ayyappan)
Preface
Freshwater aquaculture is an age old tradition in many countries like Australia, China and Japan. Even today, fish remains one of cheapest sources of animal protein. Capture fisheries and aquaculture together form an important food producing sector with a special projection on its prime role in eradication of protein deficiency and malnutrition among rural poor. Global aquaculture production has already crossed 80 million tons and in spite of all problems, there has been a steady growth in this sector. This comprehensive publication “Handbook on Freshwater Aquaculture� is the collective effort of a wide array of eminent people associated with Indian aquaculture. Special emphasis has been given to aquaculture and its prospects and problems in rural India especially the lesser known areas of Northeast India. The book covers almost all important aspects of freshwater aquaculture, both traditional and modern aquaculture techniques, water quality issues, integrated farming practices, environmental, socio-economic and livelihood issues. It is expected that the book will prove to a source of useful information for the needs of students, scholars, farmers and researchers.
N.P. Singh B. Santhosh
Contents
Foreword ........................................................................................................... v Preface ............................................................................................................ vii Contributors .................................................................................................... xi 1.
Aquaculture and Environment ......................................................................... 1 Neera Kapur
2.
Management of Waterbodies for Better Fish Production .............................. 17 B. Santhosh and N.P. Singh
3.
Aquaculture: Methods and Practices ............................................................ 27 Neera Kapur
4.
Practical Approach to Freshwater Fish Culture............................................ 63 M. Sinha
5.
Water Quality Management for Fish Culture ............................................... 75 B. Santhosh, M. Datta and N. P. Singh
6.
Aquaculture and Nutrition............................................................................. 87 Arun B. Patel and P.K. Pradhan
7.
Hatchery Technologies for Freshwater Fish Production .............................. 97 P. K. Pradhan
8.
Packing and Transportation of Fish Seeds and Fishes ............................... 107 B. Debnath
9.
Health Management and Common Diseases of Cultured Fishes and Shellfishes ................................................................................................... 127 Ashutosh D. Deo
10.
Freshwater Pearl Culture ........................................................................... 137 Neera Kapur
11.
An Overview of Aquaculture in India with Special Reference to North Eastern States .................................................................................... 151 J.R. Dhanze
12.
Social and Economic Issues Confronting Aquaculture Development in ...... 165 North Eastern Region Manidip Roy and M.C. Nandeesha
Fi r s tf e wp a g e so ft h i sb o o ka r ep u b l i s h e d o nk i s a n . c o mb yi t sp u b l i s h e r . I fy o uwi s ht op u r c h a s eah a r d c o p y o ft h i sb o o k , p l e a s ec o n t a c tt h ep u b l i s h e r .
Publ i sher