OBJECTIVE BIOCHEMISTRY Question Bank for Competitive Examinations (Strictly According to the Latest Syllabus)
OBJECTIVE BIOCHEMISTRY Question Bank : For Competitive Examinations Strictly According to the Latest Syllabus Useful for: ICAR, ASRB, NET, SRF, JRF, ARS, GATE, ICMR, CSIR-JRF-NET, NAARM, SRF, DBI, UPCATET, IARI, NDRI, JNU, Entrance Examination for Admission to M.Sc., Ph.D., Pharmacy Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Paramedical programmes UPSC Administrative Service (Pre and Mains) State Public Service Commission (Pre and Mains) Undergraduate and Post graduate courses of various Indian Universities
R.S. Sengar Reshu Chaudhary
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NEW INDIA PUBLISHING AGENCY 101, Vikas Surya Plaza, CU Block, LSC Market Pitam Pura, New Delhi 110 034, India Phone: + 91 (11)27 34 17 17 Fax: + 91(11) 27 34 16 16 Email: info@nipabooks.com Web: www.nipabooks.com Feedback at feedbacks@nipabooks.com Š Authors, 2014 ISBN: 978-93-81450-37-6 All rights reserved, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher or the copyright holder. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author/s, editor/s and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The author/s, editor/s and publisher have attempted to trace and acknowledge the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission and acknowledgements to publish in this form have not been taken. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify it, in subsequent reprints. Trademark notice: Presentations, logos (the way they are written/presented), name of the material and author/s, editor/s details in this book are under the trademarks of the publisher and hence, if copied/resembled the copier will be prosecuted under the law. Composed, Designed and Printed in India
Preface
The preparation of any competitive examination involves three phases, first the thorough study of all of the relevant topics, second revision phase and third the most important is the practice phase. I am honoured to present look, “Objective Biochemistry’’ in the form of Question Bank before our keen readers. Here my main aim is to provide, authentic and qualitative questions to the competitors to equip and judge themselves prior to the different National Level examinations in the field of Biochemistry. I have brought out this book basically for students who plan to appear for Biochemistry descipline in the entrance examinations, (held by ICAR, ASRB, -NET, SRF, ARS, GATE, ICMR, CSIR-SRF-NET, NAARM, DBT, JNU, UPCATET, IARI, NDRI, UPSC, PCS etc.) as well as other specific tests in the field of Medical, Pharmacy, Physiotherapy, Nursing, UPCATET and other Paramedical (PG level). There is a dearth of good entrance manual of Biochemistry for the above said examinations. Hence, I have prepared an exhaustive Question bank of around 30,000 MCQs with answers covering a wide spectrum of basic Biochemical topics of the subject. Some of the important topics which are given a good coverage include Atoms and Molecule, Water and pH buffer, Biological Energy Generation and Thermodynamics, Carbohydrate and its metabolism, Amino Acid, Protein and its metabolism, Lipid and its metabolism, Nucleic acids, Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics, Hormone and growth substances, Pigments, Tools and Techniques, Vitamins and Agriculture Biochemistry. The objective questions are prepared based on the background taken from previous question papers of Professional medical and Paramedical competitive entrance examinations. I opted systematic presentation of questions which leads more to conceptual understanding rather than physical memory. I am optimistic that it would help students and readers in self improvement. Though I have tried my best to minimize the typographical errors in the manuscript but still some might have cropt in. I thankfully invite the readers to bring these in my notice, so that they may be rectified in next edition. I convey my gratitude to the entire management of New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi for taking all pains in the publication of the book. R.S. Sengar Reshu Chaudhary
Foreword Competitive Examinations are the order of the day. All Colleges conducting professional courses at PG level are admitting students based on common entrance examination, which is of objective type. In Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Life Science, Pharmacy, M. Pharm. admissions are based on qualifying the GATE entrance examination conducted by Govt, of India. In this book, the authors have done good work in preparing several objective questions which help the students to face the subject in the examination with poise and confidence. The book is well balanced and consists of multiple choice questions from all the important topics like carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism and other important Biochemical aspects. The typesetting and quality of printing is good. The author is also well experienced in taking up this type of work. The main purpose of this book is to bring together objective questions of the subject matter to provide up to date information for better understanding of the readers. It would serve as a useful reference material for researchers, students and consultants changed in science. I recommend this book to all the students preparing for competitive examination and admitting in Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Life Science and also for Medical and Pharmacy College/Universities students.
R.S. Kureel
Contents
About the Authors ...............................................................................................
v
Foreword ...............................................................................................................
vii
Preface ...................................................................................................................
ix
1.
Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Arithmetic ........................................
1
2.
Atomic Structure .......................................................................................
7
3.
Bonding and Molecular Structure ..........................................................
15
4.
Water and pH buffer ................................................................................
23
5.
Biological Energy Generation and Thermodynamics .........................
47
6.
Carbohydrates ...........................................................................................
117
7.
Amino Acids and Proteins ....................................................................... 193
8.
Biosynthesis of Protein .............................................................................
313
9.
Protein Regulation and Targeting ..........................................................
321
10. Lipids ..........................................................................................................
329
11. Nucleic Acids (Part - I) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) .......................
407
12. Nucleic Acids (Part - II) RNA (Ribonucleic acid) .................................
423
13. Replication, Transcription and Translation ........................................... 511 14. Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance .........................................................
559
15. Genetic Basis of Inheritance ..................................................................... 587 16. Signal Transduction ..................................................................................
623
17. Enzymes ...................................................................................................... 673 18. Hormones and Growth Substances .......................................................... 791 19. Pigments .....................................................................................................
871
20. Tools and Techniques ...............................................................................
879
21. Nature of Gene : Its Expression and Regulation .................................... 913 22. Agricultural Biochemistry ........................................................................ 949 23. Vitamins .....................................................................................................
967
Fi r s tf e wp a g e so ft h i sb o o ka r ep u b l i s h e d o nk i s a n . c o mb yi t sp u b l i s h e r . I fy o uwi s ht op u r c h a s eah a r d c o p y o ft h i sb o o k , p l e a s ec o n t a c tt h ep u b l i s h e r .
Publ i sher