Turning Plants Into Medicines
Turning Plants Into Medicines Novel Approaches
T. Parimelazhagan Formerly, Scientist in DRDO-MoD (GoI) India Presently Associate Professor, Department of Botany DRDO-BU Centre for Life Sciences Bharathiar University, Coimbatore–641 046 Tamil Nadu
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Dr. P. V. L. Rao Scientist ‘G’ Director DRDO-BU Centre for Life Sciences Bharathiar University Coimbatore–641 046, Tamil Nadu
Foreword The increasing global demand for herbal medicine and products warrants accelerated cultivation, marketing and conservation of medicinal plants. Traditional medicine is widespread throughout the world and is an integral part of each and individual ethnic culture. Increased use of medicinal plants will most likely be part of this evolution. It is my great pleasure that Dr. T Parimelazhagan has done a great job in gathering considerable scientific information on herbal medicine from academic experts and research institutes. The articles in this book will definitely allow the readers to go through their research fields more deeply and motivate the young researchers to do something novel for the society. The book has given a good combination of traditional medicine and its current relevance with scientific approaches. I am sure that the book will provide a platform to students and researchers to gather knowledge so that a multidisciplinary research program can be formulated for improving the research in phytomedicine.
P.V.L. Rao
Preface Herbal medicines are thought to be the only remedy for the disease treatment during ancient days before the introduction of modern medicines. They formed the only accessible and affordable source of medicines in those days. Nature always stands as a golden mark by providing natural products from plants. The book ‘Turning Plants Into Medicines: Novel Approaches’ has been designed to collate the prominent latest information and review the viewpoints of eminent investigators who excel in the areas of herbal drug research. This book is a compilation of 31 articles by eminent academicians and scientists on different aspect of the subject. All the recent scientific innovations/advances have been incorporated in a simple and lucid manner. A special emphasis has been laid on screening of herbal drugs for pharmacological activity, antioxidant potential, Phytochemistry, ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, bioinformatics and biotechnology involved in herbal research. The review processes of the articles have been carried out by experts from Universities and Research Institutes. We hope the present compilation will be useful for the Students, Research Scholars, Academicians and Industrialists and people associated with herbal research. We appreciate the efforts of all those who contributed the quality papers by sharing their current scientific knowledge. The editor would like to convey sincere thanks to Dr. G. James Pitchai, Vice-Chancellor, Bharathiar University for his guidance and encouragement. The support and guidance rendered by Dr. S. Manian, Professor & Head, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University is also acknowledged. The author would also like to thank his research team Dr. R. SenthilKumar, Blassan P. George, M. Iniyavan, K. Arunachalam, S. Saravanan, Rahul Chandran and Sajeesh T. for their contribution in the compilation of the manuscripts in a well designed manner. We extend sincere thanks to Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Earth Science, Defence Research Development Organisation (Govt. of India), Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology (Govt. of Tamil Nadu) for providing financial support to conduct “National Conference on Phytomedicine”. Constant support provided by our colleagues of our Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore is also acknowledged. We would like to express our special appreciation for the publishers and their team for the sincere efforts in bringing out the book in time. Editor
Contents Foreword .............................................................................................................. v Preface ............................................................................................................... vii List of Contributors .......................................................................................... xiii 1. Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Properties of Aegle marmelos Against Clinically Significant Pathogens ........................................................................ 1 Baskar, R., Abirami, M. and Umamaheswari, K. 2. Screening of Gloriosa superba Ecotypes Against leaf Blight Disease .................. 9 B. Meena, K. Kannan, S.A. Ramyabharathi and R.M. Vijayakumar 3. Medicinal Plants Sold in the Velliangiri Hills, the Southern Western Ghats of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India ............................................................ 13 Aravindhan, V., G. Mahendran and A. Rajendran 4. Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential of Phyllanthus emblica L. Against Some Selected Fish Pathogens ................................................................................... 23 Renisheya Joy Jeba Malar T., Johnson, M. Arul Starlin, I. and Revathy, I. 5. Bioactive Antimalarial Agents from Plants .......................................................... 29 Francis Stanly Pradeep, Vijayakumar Usha Rani and Bhathini Vaikuntavasan Pradeep 6. Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir .................... 43 Renisheya Joy Jeba Malar, T., Johnson, M., Siva Raman, A., Arul Starlin, I. 7. Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Smilax china and Anacyclus pyrethrum ........................................................................................ 49 R. Beena, D. Brindha and V.N. Satakopan 8. Evaluation of Antioxidant and in vitro free Radical Scavenging Activity of Terminalia Bellirica ......................................................................................... 59 Mary Shoba Das, C., Manila, T.N. and Gayathri Devi, S. 9. Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activity of the Green Seaweed Caulerpa calpelliformis (R. Br.) Weber-Van Bosse ......................................................... 79 Babu, A., Patric Raja, D. and Johnson, M.
x Turning Plants Into Medicines: Novel Approaches
10. Paliyar Folklore Health Remedial Practices in Sirumalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India ............................................................................................... 85 Ramesh Kannan, N., Harikrishnan, K., Vijayalatha, K.R. and Natarajan, E. 11. in vitro Conservation Technique Through Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis from Seeds of Atalantia monophylla (L.) DC. ........................................................... 97 Arun, K. Das and P.S. Swamy 12. Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Analysis of Solanum anguivi Lam. and Solanum torvum Sw. ........................................................................................ 103 Janakiraman, N. and Johnson, M. 13. Antioxidant Activity of Ophiorrhiza pectinata Arn. (Rubiaceae) ...................... 113 G. M. Lekshmi and A. Gangaprasad 14. Antibacterial Activity of Clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum L.) ........................ 119 Meera Nandhini, E., Aruna Sharmili, Ranjitha, P. and Umamaheswari, K. 15. Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Red Purple Fruit of Cocculus hirsutus Linn. ................................................................................................................ 125 Rakkimuthu, R. and Aravinthan, K.M. 16. Biological Potency of Medicinal Plant Extracts on Life Stages of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) ............................................................. 131 Mariappan Suganthy, Sentrayaperumal Sundareswaran, Periyaswamy Sakthivel and Lakshmanan Nalina 17. Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Kedrostis rostrata Cogn. Against Keratinophilic Fungi ...................................................................................... 137 Logaprabha, V. and Tamil Selvi, K.S. 18. Wound Healing Chasmophytes of Velliangiri Hills, Southern Western Ghats of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India .......................................................... 141 Binu Thomas, Rajendran, A. and Aravindhan, V. 19. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Vitex negundo L. var. purpurascens Sivar. and Mold. leaves Against Carrageenan Induced Oedema on Rats ......................... 149 M. Ramesh and A. Mahalakshmipriya 20. Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Piper nigrum Against Food Poisoning Bacteria .......................................................................................... 155 R. Gnanasekar, V. Sornajana and K. Umamaheswari 21. Evaluation of Anti-diabetic Potential of Phyllanthus emblica L. ...................... 161 Renisheya Joy Jeba Malar, T., Kalaiarasi, V. and Johnson, M. 22. Nutraceutical and Phytotherapeutical Properties of Buckwheat: A Review Update ............................................................................................... 167 Thankarajan Sajeesh and Thangaraj Parimelazhagan 23. Quality Control by Avoiding Excess Nutrient Leaching ................................... 187 G. Vanitha, Mrinalini J. Singh, and S. Padmavathy
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24. Phytochemical Screening and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants .............................................................................................. 193 Gomathi, R. and Usha K. 25. Studies on the Rare Medicinal Plants of Karaikal District, U.T of Puducherry ........................................................................................... 203 Kathirvelu Sambandan and Narayanasamy Dhatchanamoorthy 26. Assessment of Humoral Immune Response in Rabbits Fed with C. occidentalis ................................................................................................. 213 V. Ranganathan and S. Selvasubramanian 27. Pharmacognostic and Physico-chemical Standardization of Pyrus malus Linn ............................................................................................ 219 P. Padma Rao, P. Subramanian, P. Sudhakar, T. Sheshashena Reddy and P.R. Reddy 28. Studies on the Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Selected Seaweeds Macro Algae in Thondi Coast .......................................................... 231 M. Dhinakarraj, S. Ravikumar, M. Anand and M. Babuselvam 29. Phytochemical Screening from the Leaf Extracts of Medicinal Plants of Western Ghats, the Nilgiris ............................................................................ 243 S. Padmavathy and V. Mekala 30. Screening of Common Leafy Vegetables of Tamil Nadu for their Nutraceutical and Antioxidant Properties....................................................... 249 Shanmugaraj Bala Murugan, Ramamoorthy Deepika, Aziz Reshma and Ramalingam Sathishkumar
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