ხელოვნება, მე-4 კლასი, მოსწავლის წიგნი, მე-2 ნაწილი

ISBN 978-9941-441-33-2

9 789941 44133 2

xelovneba

dafinansebulia `moswavleebis saxelmZRvaneloebiT uzrunvelyofis programis~ farglebSi

4 moswavlis wigni

meore nawili

ana kldiaSvili nino RaRaniZe

xelovneba IV klasi moswavlis wigni (meore nawili)

grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier 2018 wels

gam o mce m l o ba `k l i o~

ana kldiaSvili, nino RaRaniZe

xelovneba IV klasi, moswavlis wigni (meore nawili)

redaqtori nana kupraSvili

Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademiis profesori, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori mxatvari

Tamar jayeli

kompiuteruli dizaini irma liparteliani

Š gamomcemloba `klio~, 2018 Š ana kldiaSvili, nino RaRaniZe, 2018 yvela ufleba daculia ISBN 978-9941-481-04-8 (orive nawilis) ISBN 978-9941-441-33-2 (meore nawili)

Sps `gamomcemloba klio~ aRmaSeneblis gamz. #181-2, Tbilisi, 0112 tel.: (+995 32) 234 04 30 E-mail: book@klio.ge www.klio.ge

sarCevi Tavi IV 40. saintereso ambebi............................................................4 41. raze mogviTxrobs suraTi.............................................6 42. vTamaSobT asoebiT..........................................................8 43. fanqrebis yuTi................................................................9 44. vxatavT kompiuteris daxmarebiT ................................10 45. Seni sayvareli gmiri......................................................12 46. legendaruli troa.........................................................14 47. yvelaze cnobili cxeni..................................................16 48. anabeWdi............................................................................17 49. saCuqari dedas................................................................18 50. didi xelovanebi..............................................................20 51. mxiaruli mobili.............................................................22 52. saaRdgomo nobaTi...........................................................24 Tavi V 53. erTi muzeumis istoria..................................................26 54. ras daarqmevdi................................................................28 55. spilo...............................................................................29 56. didi xelovanebi..............................................................30 57. profesia arqiteqtori...................................................32 58. legendaruli argo.........................................................34 59. argonavtebi kolxeTSi ..................................................36 60. kolxeTis samefo.............................................................38 61. Cemi skolis ezo..............................................................39 62. wignis grafika.................................................................40 63. weliwadis oTxi dro.......................................................42 Cveni samSoblo (proeqti).....................................................44 Semajamebeli Semajamebeli Semajamebeli Semajamebeli Semajamebeli

gakveTili gakveTili gakveTili gakveTili gakveTili

_ _ _ _ _

1.................................................46 2.................................................48 3.................................................50 4.................................................52 5.................................................55

leqsikoni...............................................................................57

IV 40. saintereso ambebi

saxlSi, skolaSi, Sin da gareT nanaxi scenebi xSirad romelime saintereso detaliT iqcevs Cvens yuradRebas da ase gvamaxsovrdeba. xelovnebis nawarmoebis Seqmnisas mxatvrebi aseT detalebs xSirad gamosaxaven xolme. maTi daxmarebiT mayurebeli ukeT igebs gamosaxuli scenis Sinaarss, personaJebis xasiaTsa Tu ganwyobas.

esteban murilio

1

Jan Sardeni

?

1. daakvirdi aq warmodgenil namu­ Sevrebs. ras saqmianoben aq gamosaxuli adamianebi.

ian vermeeri

2

4

3

erTi SexedviT, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi Cveulebrivi, arafriT ga­ mor­ Ce­ uli ambebi xdeba. Tumca, Tu daakvirdebi, yovelTvis SeiZleba Sen­Tvis saintereso ram SeniSno, rac Semdeg am scenis daxatvisas gamogadgeba.

?

2. daakvirdi aq mocemul suraTebs. Seecade, gansazRvro maT Soris romelia Seni Tanatolis daxatuli.

3. aRwere figurebis moqmedeba Ti­ To­ e­ ul namuSevarSi. 4. daakvirdi detalebs da SeurCie saTauri TiToeul suraTs. daasabu­Te Seni mosazreba.

IV

5

4

gaixsene Seni cxov­ rebidan romelime saintereso scena. daxa­te is. yuradReba gaamaxvile de­talebze.

6

5

IV 41. raze mogviTxrobs suraTi

zogierT suraTze mxatvrebi xataven scenebs adamianis yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan. Zalze xSirad mxatvrebs ainteresebT, ras saqmianoben adamianebi, rogor cxovroben, rogor acviaT an rogoria maTi garemo da amas yvelafers namuSevarSi asaxaven. aseTi suraTebi yofiT Janrs miekuTvneba.

Jan Sardenis am suraTze samrecxaoa asaxuli. rbili sinaTliT ganaTebul oTaxSi mrecxavi qali didi xis kasrSi Cambal sarecxs recxavs. kasris win patara skamze mjdomi biWuna albaT mrecxavis Svilia, romelic Tavs sapnis buStebis gaberviT irTobs. ukana planze, karis RiobSi bundovnad moCans kidev erTi qali, romelic ukve garecxil sarecxs hfens.

?

Jan Sardeni. mrecxavi

?

3. aRwere, ra aris gamosaxuli ian vermeeris suraTze. 4. Seni azriT, ras saqmianobs aq warmodgenili personaJi.

ian vermeeri

6

1. rogori garemoa asaxuli am suraTze. aRwere is.

2. ras fiqrob, ratom gamosaxa mxatvarma patara bavSvi samrecxaoSi?

?

5. aRwere f. reSetnikovis namuSevari.

6. Seni azriT, rogori ganwyobileba sufevs am suraTze. daasabuTe Seni azri.

IV

feodor reSetnikovi

piter de hoohi

?

7. aRwere piter de hoohisa da gabriel miles suraTebi.

8. ras saqmianoben aq gamosaxuli adamianebi?

9. rogori garemoa asaxuli TiToeul suraTze?

fransua mile

daxate scena Seni an Seni ojaxis yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan.

7

IV 42. vTamaSobT asoebiT

dedamiwaze adamianebi uamrav sxvadasxva enaze saubroben, magram anbani sul ToTxmetia. maT Soris erT-erTi qarTulia. qarTuli asoebi Tavisi mrgvlovani moxa­ zulobiT marTlac Zalian gamorCeuli da Taviseburia yvela sxva anbanis asoebisagan. ucxoelebi xSirad mas ornamentsac adareben. Sen marTlac SegiZ­ lia gamoi­ yeno qarTuli aso-niSnebi ornamentis Sesaqmnelad.

!

?

gaixsene! ra aris ornamenti? rogor iqmneba ritmi ornamentSi?

1. amoicani, am ornamen­tebSi rome­li qarTuli asoebia gamoyenebuli.

aq warmodgenili ornamentebi mxat­ var Sorena oTxozorias mier aris Seqmnili. asoebiT ornamentis Seqmna sakuTari fantaziiT Senc SegiZlia.

a

z i

T u n b

l d t

8

spg

f ah

qarTuli aso-niSnebis ga­­ moyenebiT Seqmeni ornamenti an martivi ritmuli kompozicia.

SegiZlia gamoiyeno kompiuteruli saxatavi programa. Seni namuSevari eleqtronulad gaugzavne Tanaklaselebs.

43. fanqrebis yuTi giyvars Cifsebi? albaT gagikvirda, ra SeiZleba Cifsebi xelovnebis gakve­Til­s davukavSiroT? saqme isaa, rom Cifsebis carieli kolofi SegiZlia sakuTari saweri magidis metad gamosadeg atributad aqcio.

IV

Cifsebis kolofi aqcie fan­ qrebis Casalagebel yuTad da sakuTari xeliT gaaforme is.

es masala yuTis dasamzadeblad da ga­saformeblad dagWirdeba.

makratliT gaa­ keTe ramdenime na­ xv­ reti yuTis TavsaxurSi ka­l­­­­­­mistrebisa da fanqrebis Casawyobad. yuTis zomaze ga­mo­Weri feradi qaRa­ ldi da Semoaxvie mas.

furceli, romelsac yuTs Semoaxvev, SegiZ­ lia winaswar nebismieri gamosaxulebiT Seamko.

9

IV 44. vxatavT kompiuteris daxmarebiT

ornamenti sxvadasxva elementis ritmuli gameorebiT iqmneba. originaluri ornamentis Sesaqmnelad kompiuteruli saxatavi programebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba. mcenareuli an geometriuli ornamentis Sesaqmnelad sasurveli formebi unda SearCio. didi mniSvneloba aqvs rogor xazs gamoiyeneb _ sqels Tu Txels, swors, momrgvalebuls Tu texils an rogori feri da forma mogewoneba.

?

1. rogori formebis gamoyenebiT aris Seqmnili es ornamentebi?

kompiuteruli saxatavi programis daxmarebiT SerCeuli forma SeiZleba gadiddes, Semcirdes, wagrZeldes, sxvadasxvafrad gaferaddes kidec. mere es formebi ritmulad gameordeba da lamaz ornaments Seqmnis.

10

saxaliso iqneba Tu dawyebul namuSevars Tanaklasels eleqtronulad gaugzavni da sTxov daasrulos is, Tavad ki mis namuSevars daasruleb. am namuSevrebiT SeiZleba Semdeg saklaso gamofena moawyo. namuSevrebis ganxilvisas SegiZliaT erTmaneTs mouTxroT kompiuterTan muSaobis romeli axali unarebi SeiZineT.

aleqsi, 11 wlis

IV

keso, 10 wlis

SearCie sasurveli feri, formebi da kompiuteruli saxatavi programis daxmarebiT Seqmeni namuSevari. kompiuteruli programis daxmarebiT SesaZle足 belia nebismieri Janris namuSevris Seqmna. amo足 beWdili namuSevriT SegiZlia sakuTari xeliT da足m足zadebuli nivTebi, magaliTad fanqrebis yuTi, Seamko. sergo, 11 wlis

keso, 10 wlis

?

2. rogori xazebi da formebia gamoyenebuli kompiuteriT Seqmnil am namuSevrebSi?

11

IV 45. Seni sayvareli gmiri

ai, rogor daaxasiaTa cnobilma espanelma mwe足 ralma migel servantesma Tavi足 si nawarmoebis gmirebi: sasacilo Sesaxedavi iyo gamxdari, Tavidan fexebamde abjarasxmuli raindi don kixoti. igi mamapa足piseuli SubiT, daSniTa da fariT iyo SeiaraRebuli. Tavze sakuTari xeliT gakeTebuli CaCqani exura. gaZvaltyavebul cxenze ijda da amayad miagelvebda mas. gverdiT mihyveboda virze darbaislurad gadamjdari, Casuqebuli glexi sanCo pansa, romelsac erT mxarze CanTa, meoreze ki tikWora ekida.

1

onore domie. don kixoti

?

1. xelovnebis romel dargebs ganekuTvneba don kixotisa da sanCo pansas aq warmodgenili nimuSebi?

2. Seadare isini erTmaneTs. daaxasiaTe TiToeuli da gansazRvre, rogori xerxebia gamoyene足buli TiToeul maTganze?

2

4

kadri filmidan `don kixoti~

3

pablo pikaso. don kixoti da sanCo pansa

12

IV 5

?

6

3. xom ar ici, romeli nawarmoebebis gmirebi arian warmodgenili am gverdze?

4. romeli maTganis Sesaxeb mouTxrob Sens Tanaklaselebs?

7

8 9 ingrid nimani

SearCie Seni sayvareli nawarmoebis romelime gmiri, nebis足mieri masaliT Seasru足le misi gamosa足xuleba da wa足rudgine klass. ilon viklandi

13

IV 46. legendaruli troa

istorias ara erTi Zlevamosili da lamazi qalaqis saxeli Semounaxavs Cven­Tvis, magram es qalaqebi dRes, samwuxarod, aRar arsebobs. mecnierebi gamudmebiT eZeben maT da zogjer pouloben kidec. erT-erTi aseTi saqveynod cnobili aRmoCenaa uZvelesi cixe-qalaqi troa.

arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenili qalaq troas nangrevebi

?

1. ra ici troas Sesaxeb?

2. xom ar ici, vin aRmoaCina qalaqi troa?

3. kidev romeli istoriuli qalaqis Sesaxeb gsmenia rame?

troa, romelsac ilionsac eZaxdnen, legendaruli qalaqia. mis Se­saxeb mogviTxrobs Zveli berZeni poeti homerosi Tavis poemaSi `iliada~. troa umdid­resi, Zlevamosili, maRal, miuval borcvze gaSenebuli qalaqi iyo, romelsac ramdenime metris siganis mZlavri galavani ertya gars.

14

Tu iciT, ratom atyda omi berZnebsa da troe­lebs Soris? troas mefiswulma parisma qalaq spar­ ta­ dan moitaca spartis mefis menelaosis meuRle mSvenieri elene. menelaosma Sekriba laSqari da elenes dasabruneblad troas miaSura. ase daiwyo troas xangr­Zlivi omi.

IV

axla bevri ram gaige troas Sesaxeb. troas cixe-koSkebis, galavnis, kari­b­­Wis da sxva detalebis gacocxleba sa­kuTari xeliTac Se­iZleba, Tu warmoidgen rogori iqneboda es legen­daruli cixe-qalaqi.

feradi qaRal­disa da muya­os ­ a­gan gaakeTeT troas maketi an aplikaciis teq­nikiT SeqmeniT troas gamosaxuleba. warud­gineT Tqveni namuSevari klass.

15

IV 47. yvelaze cnobili cxeni

Tu ici, rogor aiRes cxrawliani omis Semdeg berZnebma uZleveli troa? maT xerxs mimarTes _ uzarmazari cxeni gaakeTes, romelic Signidan Rru iyo da masSi meomrebi Casves. cxenis erT gverdze gaakeTes warwera: `am ZRvens samSobloSi mimavali berZnebi uZRvnian qalRmerT aTenas~.

?

1. ra ici qalRmerT aTenas Sesaxeb?

2. Seni varaudiT, rogor dasruldeboda xis cxenis istoria.

troas legendaruli cxeni sxvadasxvagvarad hqondaT warmodgenili Zvel berZnebsa Tu romaelebs. albaT, Tanamedrove kinofilmebic ginaxavs troas Sesaxeb, sadac giganturi cxenis maketebia gadaRebuli. cxeni imxela unda yofiliyo, rom SigniT ramdenime SeiaraRebuli mebrZoli dateuliyo. cxenis sididisa da simZimis gamo misi qalaqSi Setanac ar iqneboda advili. amitom mas xSirad borblebiT gamosaxavdnen.

troas cxenis Tanamedrove modeli

troas cxenis gamosaxuleba Zvel berZnul larnakze irakli. 9 wlis

daTuna. 9 wlis

?

3. arsebobs gamoTqma `troas cxeni~, romelic mzakvrul Canafiqrs aRniSnavs. axseni ratom?

SearCie saxatavi ma­­sala an SenTvis sa­surveli teq­ni­ka tro­as cxenis Se­saq­mnelad.

16

48. anabeWdi

IV

konkretuli gamosaxulebis an raime siuJetis mqone naxatisgan gansxvavebiT, dekoratiuli namu­Sevari xSi­rad ise iqmneba, rom winaswar avtormac ar icis, rogor gamosaxulebas miiRebs sabolood. aseTi namuSevris Seq­mnisas Secdoma an xarvezi advilad swordeba da zogjer SemoqmedebiT mignebadac iqceva. anabeWdis miRebis martivi xerxi ki saSualebas gaZlevT, swrafad `gaamravloT~ Tqvens mier Seqmnili dekoratiuli namuSevari.

furclis centrSi dadeT wyal­ Si odnav gazavebuli erTi an ramde­nime feris guaSis saRebavis laqa. zemodan meore furceli daafareT da See­ cadeT, xelis rbili moZra­obiT saRebavi Tanabrad gaanawiloT furclis zedapirze. saRebaviT dafarul furcelze TiTebiT an CxirebiT swrafad daitaneT TqvenTvis sasurveli dekoratiuli naxati an ornamenti.

Sedegi kidev ufro saintereso gamova, Tu gamoiyenebT saintereso faqturis mqone furclebs. mza namuSevridan anabeWdis miReba SeiZleba, Tu saRebavis gaSrobamde mas furcels daa­farebT da zemodan rbilad ga­daatarebT raime mrgval sagans.

17

IV 49. saCuqari dedas

xom ar dakvirvebixar, sad inaxavs deda Rilebs, Zafebs, nemsebs, makratels... dedas albaT Zalian gauxardeba, Tu Sen dedis dRis aRsaniSnavad, am nivTebis Casawyobad Seni xeliT gakeTebul yuTs aCuqeb da Tanac, Seni xeliTve lamazad gaaformeb mas.

muyaoze saxazaviT daxaze yuTis nawilebi. wyvetiliT aRniSne is ad­gilebi, sadac muyao unda gaikecos.

gaakeTe yuTi muya­ o­ sagan da Se­amke is naxa­tiT an aplikaciiT. moifiqre, rogor gaaformeb yuTs. daxate an aplikaciiT Seasrule Sen­ Tvis sasurveli gamosaxuleba yuTis TiToeuli gverdis zomis Sesabamisad.

18

Sen mier Sesrulebuli naxatebi, ornamentebi daawebe yuTis wiboebs da mxo­lod amis Semdeg Sekari Tavad yuTi. SegiZlia yuTis gverdebi daawebo.

IV

SegiZlia daxato SenTvis ukve cnobili berZnuli miTebis personaJebi an raime ambavi da amgvarad gaaformo Seni yuTi.

sanam saCuqars dedas miar­Tmevde, waradgine is klasis winaSe. mouTxre Sens Tanaklaselebs, rogor Seamke yuTi da ratom.

 leqsiko ni personaJi _ mxat­vruli nawarmoebis moqmedi piri.

19

IV 50. didi xelovanebi

am gakveTilze Sen XX saukunis or moqandakes gaecnobi.

sivrce

tye

alberto jakometi (1901-1966) biografiuli cnobebi: daibada SveicariaSi, cnobili mxatvris ojaxSi. bavSvobidanve gatacebuli iyo xelovnebiT. swavlobda JenevaSi. 1922 wlidan cxovrobda da moRvaweobda parizSi. namuSevrebi: brinjaosagan Seqmnili misi namuSevrebi warmoadgenen aranormalurad Txel, sif­rifana, TiTqos usxeulo adamianebs, romlebic mouxeSavad moZraoben. saintereso faqti: jako­me­­tis namuSevari 65 milion girvanqa sterlingad gai­ yida londonis `sotbis~ auqcionze. is ucnob­ ma myidvelma telefo­niT Sei­Zina.

ZaRli nabiji

20

mamakacis figura

qalis figura

IV qinZisTavi. san francisko vaSlis CenCo. vaSingtoni

klas oldenburgi (daibada 1929) biografiuli cnobebi: daibada stokholmSi, SvedeTSi. bavSvobidan cxovrobda da moRvaweobda amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi. swavlobda ielis universitetSi. erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili amerikeli xelovania, romelsac miRebuli aqvs jildo `aSS-is nacionaluri medali xelovnebaSi~. namuSevrebi: misi namuSevrebi Ria cis qveS mdgari didi zomis yofiTi sagnebia, romlebic mnaxvelSi uCveulobis gancdas badebs da xSirad Rimilsac ki iwvevs. saintereso faqti: igi msoflios erT-erTi yve­ laze mdidari xelovania. Tavisi pirveli namuSev­ rebi man 1956 wels waradgina Cikagos xelovnebis bazrobaze. gaiyida 5 namuSevari, romlebSic mTlianad Semoqmedma 25 dolari aiRo.

kovzi-xidi da alubali. mineapolisi

sarecxis sarWi. filadelfia

tuCis sacxi. ieli

21

IV 51. mxiaruli mobili

Tanamedrove xelovanebi qandakebis, suraTis an dekoratiuli namuSevris Sesaqmnelad xSirad uCveulo masalas iyeneben da namuSevrebis formac aratradiciuli gamosdiT.

1

2

3

aq warmodgenili namuSevrebi sayofacxovrebo nivTebis, ucnauri masalis an, sulac, `gamousadegari~ narCenebiT aris Seqmnili. xelovanis fantazia am masalas moulodnel formas aZlevs da saxaliso namuSevrad aqcevs mas.

?

1. gaecani aq warmodgenil dekoratiul namuSevrebs.

2. romeli maTgania moZravi mowyobiloba anu mobili.

3. airCie erTi namuSevari, daaxasiaTe is da SeTxze patara ambavi mis Sesaxeb.

4 5

22

6

Tavdapirvelad mavTulisgan sasurveli formis da zomis mobilis konstruqcia daamzadeT. mavTulze feradi qaRaldebi daaxvieT. mobilis elementebad SeiZleba gamoiyenoT Tqven mier sxvadasxva dros damzadebu­li nebismieri nivTi: Tixis mZivebi da samajurebi, sxvadasxva cxovelis da frinvelis gamosaxuleba da sxv.

IV

feradi qaRaldisgan cilindrebi daamzadeT, foCebiT da yvavilebiT SeamkeT da rgolze CamokideT. saklaso oTaxis Werze mobilis dasakideblad mas saimedo maryuJi gaukeTeT. mza mobilis Werze dasamagreblad ufrosebi daixmareT. sxvadasxva saxis masalis _ mavTulis, Tixis, feradi qaRal­dis gamoyenebiT SeqmeniT sasurveli formis mobili.

23

IV 52. saaRdgomo nobaTi

aRdgoma bavSvebis erT-erTi yvelaze sayvareli dResaswaulia. am dRisTvis sagangebod emzadebian, Rebaven kvercxebs, acxoben saaRdgomo Rvezelebs, paskas, Slian sadResaswaulo sufras...

?

1. weliwadis romel dros vdResas­wa­ulobT aRdgomas?

2. ra ici, aRdgomis dResaswaulis Sesaxeb?

xom ar isurvebdi, rom aRdgomis dResaswaulze Seni ojaxis wevrebs Seni xeliT damzadebuli nobaTi miarTva? maSin winaswari samuSaos Cata­ reba dagWirdeba. aRdgomis dResaswaulis win, daaxloebiT ori kviriT adre, svel bambaze xorblis marcvlebs awyoben. cota xanSi am marcvlebidan jejili amobi­ bindeba. warmoidgine, ra lamazi iqneba mwvane jejilze wiTeli kvercxebi.

Senc SegiZ­lia jejili gaaxaro, oRond cota sxvagvarad:

1. aiRe mrgvali formis Rrubeli da masSi feradi lenti gauyare; 2. Rrubeli daasvele da Rrublis nasvretebSi Cade xorblis marcvlebi; 3. dakide ise, rom SegeZlos periodulad yvela mxridan Rrub­lisaTvis wylis misxma sasxureblidan.

saaRdgomod uc­ nauri formis jejilis `burTi~ geqneba. jejilis gasalamazeblad xorblis marcvalTan erTad SegiZlia Cado romelime yvavilis Teslic. SegiZlia cocxali yvavilebic Caamagro Rrublis nasvretebSi. amgvari jejili Sens nobaTsac daamSvenebs.

24

ra saaRdgomo nobaTi iqneba SeRebili kvercxebis gareSe? SegiZ­lia isini ubra­lod sxvadasxvafrad SeRebo, SegiZlia moxato kidec. rogor da riT gaaformeb kala­TaSi Cawyobil nobaTs, Sens fantaziazea damokidebuli.

IV

Seni xe­liT da­­­am­zade sa­ aRd­go­mo nobaTi Se­ni ojaxisaTvis.

25

V 53. erTi muzeumis istoria

Sen ukve ici, rom muzeumi iseTi dawesebulebaa, sadac xelovnebis nimuSebi ina­xeba; magram muzeumi mxolod sacavi rodia. mis darbazebSi xelovnebis nawarmoebebia gamofenili. adamianebi ki maT sanaxavad dadian muzeumSi.

?

1. gifiqria Tu ara odesme, rogor iqmneba muzeumebi, rogor grovdeba iq xelovnebis nimuSebi?

uficis galerea. florencia

mediCebis saxelganTqmuli gvari didi xnis ganmavlobaSi marTavda ita­ li­ is qalaq floren­ cias. isini xelovnebis mecenatebi iyvnen; mfar­ velobdnen poetebs, arqiteqtorebs, mxatvrebs; yidulobdnen maTgan namuSevrebs, agrovebdnen wignebs. droTa ganmavlobaSi maT xelovnebis uamravi nimuSi daugrovdaT.

26

kozimo mediCi Zalian mdidari kaci iyo da Tavis simdidres flo­ rencias axmarda. SimSilobis dros man florencielebs uxvad dauriga xorbali, ris gamoc mas `eris mama~ uwodes. igi mfarvelobda mxatvrebs, poetebs, mecnierebs. swored man aago Senoba, romelSic axla mediCebis gvaris mier Segrovebuli xelovnebis ni­muSebi inaxeba.

uficis galerea. florencia. gare xedi

V

pontormo. kozimo mediCis portreti

mediCebis ukanasknelma warmomadgenelma mTeli sagvareulo koleqcia florencias aCuqa. ase gaCnda xelovnebis nimuSebiT erT-erTi yvelaze mdidari muzeumi msoflioSi _ uficis galerea. arsebobda aseTi tradicia: yvela drois cnobili mxatvrebi uficis galereas sakuTar avtoport­ retebs Cuqnidnen da es maTTvis didi pativi iyo.



gamoikvlie da da­ were Sens qalaqSi, mxareSi arsebuli muzeumis daarsebis istoria. aRwere, xelovnebis ro­meli nimuSebi inaxeba masSi.

filipo lipi. madona yrmiT

cnobili italieli mxatvris fi­lipo lipis es namuSevari uficis ga­lereaSia daculi.

 leqsiko ni mecenati _ mecnierebisa da xelov­ nebis mdidari mfarveli. sityva ukavSirdeba romaeli politikuri moRvawis me­cenas saxels, romelic mfar­velobda ganTqmul poetebs. koleqcia _ erTgvari sagnebis, maT Soris xelovnebis nimuSebis, Tavmoyra.

27

V 54. ras daarqmevdi...

albaT gifiqria, ratom qmnian adamianebi xelovnebis nawarmoebebs. amiT mxatvrebi TavianT azrebs, emociebs da STabeWdilebebs uziareben mayurebels. amis Sesabamisad mxatvari saxelsac urCevs namuSevars. am gakveTilSi mocemulia Seni Tanatolebis daxatuli namuSevrebi. maT daasaTaures isini da daweres kidec, Tu risi gadmocema surdaT am naxatebSi.

Cemi lamfa. liza. 9 wlis me Zalian miyvars Cemi lamfa, rome­ lic Rame Cems oTaxs anaTebs da simyudroves qmnis.

megobroba. irma. 10 wlis mindorSi ori xe davinaxe. qari Tmebs uwewavda maT da totebs erTma­ neT­ Si uxlarTavda. ori xe trial mindorSi TiTqos erTmaneTs amxnevebda.

Zalian miyvars Cemi sofeli, lamazi, uxvi. bebias ezoSi yovel zafxuls ulamazesi mzesumzirebi izrdeba.

martoxela tita. elene. 10 wlis Cemi sofeli. daCi. 9 wlis

erTxel, erTi cali tita maCu­qes. Zalian Semecoda martoxela rom iyo. yovel saRamos mzes emSvidobeboda, bolos ki daWkna.

SenTvis sasur­vel Tema­ze daxate su­ra­­Ti, daasaTa­ur ­ e da da­were, ra emociam an STa­beWdilebam Segaqmnevina is.

28

55. spilo

V

ici Tu ara, rom xmeleTze yvelaze didi zomis arseba spiloa. es didyu­ ra da grZelxorTumiani cxovelebi 60-70 wels cocxloben.

?

1. ginaxavs Tu ara spilo da sad?

2. ra ici spiloebis Sesaxeb?

3. Tu ici romel qveynebSi binadroben spiloebi?

4. Tu ici raSi iyeneben spiloebs adamianebi?

5. ra qvia spilos Svils?

axalSobili spilo 100 kilograms iwonis. cnobilia, rom spliyvis dabadebas spiloebis mTeli jogi didi sixaruliT xvdeba. isini gansakuTrebulad zrunaven patarebze da mfarveloben maT. raime safrTxis SemTxvevaSi deda spilo fexeb­qveS moiqcevs pataras da ase garbis.

warmoidgine, rom sakuTa­ ri spilo gyavs, moifiqre raime ambavi mis Sesaxeb da aplikaciis xerxiT gaakeTe misi gamosaxu­ leba. daarqvi saxe­li Sens spilos.

29

V 56. didi xelovanebi miqelanjelo (1475-1564)

moqandake

biografiuli cnobebi: miqelanjelo didi italieli moqandake, mxatvari, arqiteqtori da poetia. igi universaluri pirovneba iyo: aqanda­ kebda, xatavda, werda leqsebs, aproeqtebda Se­ nobebs. moRvaweobda romsa da florenciaSi. miqelanjelo Tavis Tavs, pirvel rigSi, moqandaked miiCnevda. namuSevrebi: `mose~, `daviTi~, ramdenime `pi­ eta~ (datireba), monebis figurebi da sxv. mi­ qelanjelos figurebi, rogorc wesi, Zli­ eri aRnagobis adamianebi arian. maTi dakunTuli sxe­ ulebi mSveni­eri da srulyofilia. saintereso faqti: miqelanjelos mravali uc­ nauroba axasiaTebda. cnobilia, rom igi an­ adgurebda sakuTari namuSevrebisaTvis Seqmnil eskizebs. saxel­ ganTqmuli xelovani mudmivad uCioda ufulobas, magram roca gardaicva­la mis Raribulad mowyobil saxlSi aRmoCnda oqroTi savse didi skivri. rogorc Cans, mas sakuTari TavisTvisac ki enaneboda fulis daxarjva.

mona

pieta mose

30

V siqstes kapelis mxatvroba. adamis Seqmna

fermweri biografiuli cnobebi: miqelanjelo pataraobidanve gatacebuli iyo xelovnebiT. xelovnebis dargebs Soris igi upiratesobas qandakebas aniWebda, Tumca ferweris genialuri nimuSebic mravlad dagvitova. mis mier aris moxatuli vatikanis siqstes kapela. namuSevrebi: tondo doni, siqs­tes kapelis moxatuloba. miqe­lan­jelos daxatuli figurebi qandakebebs hgavs. saintereso faqti: cnobilia, rom siqstes kapelis Weris moxatvaze muSaobisas miqelanjelo xaraCodan iSviaTad Ca­modioda da dRe da Ra­me muSaobda. Turme am xnis ganmavlobaSi fexsa­ cmeli ise Sezrdoda fexs, rom samuSaos dasru­lebisas misi SemoWra mouxdaT.

siqstes kapelis mxatvrobis fragmentebi

31

V 57. profesia arqiteqtori Senobis aSenebas win rTuli samuSao uZRvis, romelsac arqiteqtori asrulebs. igi Tavdapirvelad moifiqrebs rogori unda iyos Senoba, gamoiTvlis rogori saZirkveli unda hqondes mas, rogori saxuravi, ra masalisagan unda aigos is da a.S. amis Semdeg igi Tavis Canafiqrs qaRaldze gamo­xazavs anu ap­ro­eqtebs Senobas.

arqiteqtoris samuSao iaraRebi

arqiteqturuli studia

arqiteqtorebi sagangebo studiebSi did, daxril magidebTan muSaoben. maT proeqtis gamosaxazad saxazavisa da farglis garda, sxva iaraRebic sWirdebaT, Tumca dRes xazva kompiuteris saSualebiTac SeiZleba. arqiteqtorebi xSirad Tavi­anTi dap­ro­eqte­bu­li Senobis maketsac akeTeben sxva­dasxva masalisagan.

momavali Senobis maketi

 l e qsi k o ni proeqti _ risame asa­gebad, dasamzadeblad damuSavebuli gegma. daproeqteba _ risame proeqtis Sedgena.

32

V warmoidgine, rom ar­qi­teq­ tori xar. Seq­meni qalaqis er­Ti ubani nebis­ mieri xerxiT. da­ ar­ qvi mas saxeli.

33

V 58. legendaruli argo

odesRac, Zalian didi xnis winaT, Zvelma berZnebma gadawyvites, rom, radac ar unda dajdomodaT, xelSi CaegdoT da saberZneTSi waeRoT oqros sawmisi, rome­lic Soreul qveyanaSi inaxeboda.

?

1. xom ar ici, ra erqva am Soreul qveyanas da sad mdebareobda is?

am saqmes saTaveSi Caudga iasoni, romelmac Sekriba berZeni gmirebi. maT aages xomaldi saxe­lad `argo~ da gaudgnen Soreul, faTerakebiT aRsavse gzas. mravali gansacdelis gamovlis Semdeg maT moipoves oqros sawmisi da saberZneTSi waiRes is.

`argos~ maketi

miTis mixedviT, `argo~ berZnebma aTenas daxmarebiT aages. aTenam argos kor­pusSi Caatana saukunovani wminda muxis naWeri, romlis foTlebis Sriali argonavtebs RmerTebis nebas amcnobda. miTi argonavtebis Sesaxeb dResac ainteresebT mogzaurebsa da mecnierebs. ramdenime wlis win irlandielma mecnierma da mogzaurma tim severinma safuZvlianad Seiswavla Zveli berZnuli xomaldebis agebis wesi da aago `argos~ namdvili Tanamedrove asli. axalma xomaldma argonavtebis marSrutiT imogzaura da saqarTveloSi Camovida.

 leqsiko ni tim severinis Tanamedrove `argo~

34

marSruti _ winaswar da­saxuli gza gasaCere­ beli pun­qtebis aRniSvniT.

am namuSevrebis Seqmnisas, naxatTan erTad patara nakuwebad daxeuli feradi qaRaldebic aris gamoyenebuli.

beqa. 9 wlis

V

giorgi. 9 wlis

es xomaldebi feradi furclebisgan apli­kaciis xerxiT da naxatiT Seqmnes Senma Tanatolebma.

SearCie SenTvis sa­­ surveli masala da ne­bi­sm ­ i­eri xerxis gamoyene­biT Seqmeni berZnuli xomaldi `argo~.

am xomaldis dasamzadeblad Senma Tanato­ lebma dagrexili, uxeSi Zafi gamoiyenes.

35

V 59. argonavtebi kolxeTSi

Tanamedrove `argoTi~ mogzaurobam daadastura, rom argonavtebis miTSi moTxrobili ambavi SeiZleboda marTlac momxdariyo, magram rodis? mecnierebi fiqroben, rom es mogzauroba Sedga uZveles droSi. argonavtebs gzad mravali faTeraki gadaxdaT. miTSi argonavtebis mogzaurobis Sesaxeb mraval saintereso epizods waawydebi.

gzad kolxeTisaken argonavtebs unda gaevloT or moxetiale kldes Soris. maT scilasa da qaribdas eZaxdnen. es kldeebi xan uaxlovdeboda erTmaneTs da ketavda gasasvlels da xan scildeboda. bevri mogzauri Seiwires maT. argonavtebma xerxi ixmares da rodesac kldeebma gaweva daiwyes, jer mtredi gauSves, rogorc ki mtredi kldeebs Soris viwro RiobSi gauCinarda, argonavtebma mTeli ZaliT mousves niCbebi, swrafad gascures mrisxane kldeebs Soris da Sav zRvaSi Securdnen. argonavtebis miTSi yve­laze saintereso mainc sawmi­sis mopo­vebis istoriaa. kolxe­Tis mefe aieti daTanxm­da argonavtebis­Tvis oqros sawmisi daeTmo, Tu iasoni sam davalebas Seasrulebda.

verZebis uZvelesi gamosaxulebebi

?

36

1. mouTxre klass, ra davalebebi misca aietma iasons da rogor Seasrula man isini.

2. Seni azriT, ras warmoadgenda oqros sawmisi?

oqros sawmisi wminda WalaSi muxis xeze ekida da mas cecxlis­m­f­ rqveveli drakoni darajobda. miTis mixedviT, aietis qaliSvilma medeam iasons mis mier damzadebuli siTxe misca, romliTac drakoni daaZines. amis Semdeg iasonma uvneblad Camoxsna oqros sawmisi xidan. airCie saxel­mZRvane­lo­­Si mocemuli SenTvis saintereso epizodebi argo­ navtebis miTidan.

Seni sity­vebiT dawere da daasuraTe kidec isini.

V

iasoni itacebs oqros sawmiss. berZnuli larnakis moxatuloba

 leqsiko ni epizodi _ ra­i­me mxat­vruli na­ war­mo­ebis nawy­veti.

37

V 60. kolxeTis samefo

Seni azriT, argonavtebis laSqroba kolxeTSi marTlac realuri ambavi iyo Tu ara? Tu es marTlac moxda, SesaZloa, gagiCndes kiTxva: es Cems samSobloSi xdeboda didi xnis winaT da rogori iyo maSin es qveyana _ kolxeTi? sxvaTa Soris, mas sxvagvarad aias eZaxdnen.

Zveli kolxeTis teritoriaze mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi warmoebda gaTxrebi. miwis qveS mravali qalaqi da dasaxleba aRmoCnda. albaT dagainteresebs, rogor saxlebSi cxovrobdnen Cveni kolxi winaprebi.

kolxuri koSkura saxli

Zveli kolxebi TavianT saxlebs xis Zelebisagan agebdnen da maT koSkis forma hqondaT, ris gamoc mecnierebma maT koSkura saxlebi uwodes. saxlebs ar hqonda fanjrebi da isini WerSi gakeTebuli xvrelidan Semosuli SuqiT naTdeboda. cnobilia, rom kolxeTi oqroTi mdidari qveyana iyo da marTlac, gaTxrebis Sedegad samarxebSi mravlad ipovnes oqrosagan damzadebuli Zvirfasi nivTebi da samkaulebi.

kolxuri oqros samkauli

warmoidgine, rogori iq­ne­boda kolxuri dasaxleba da Seni fantaziiT daxate an Seqmeni aplikacia.

38

61. Cemi skolis ezo

V

rac ufro lamazia Seni skolis ezo, albaT, miT ufro gexaliseba skolaSi misvla. ezos galamazebaSi Senc SegiZlia Seni wvlili Seitano: daasufTavo, lamazi yvavilebi dargo. kidev ufro advilia, feradi carci moimarjvo da erT mSvenier mzian dRes Sens TanaklaselebTan erTad lamazi naxatebiT daamSveno is, rogorc es Senma Tanatolebma gaakeTes. swored maT namuSevrebs xedav Sen am suraTebze.

39

V 62. wignis grafika

dasuraTebuli wignis kiTxva ormagad sasiamovnoa, radgan wignis Si­ naarssac ecnobi da mxatvris mier Sesrulebul naxatebsac aTvaliereb. aseT naxatebs wignis grafika ewodeba. mwerlis mier daxasiaTebul ama Tu im personaJs an scenas mxatvari Tavisi fantaziiT acocxlebs wignis furcleb­ze. zogjer ki Tavad mwerali asuraTebs wigns da maSin mkiTxveli zustad iseT gmirs xedavs, rogoric avtors hqonda Cafiqrebuli. magaliTad, frangma mweralma antuan de sent egziuperim Tavad daasuraTa Tavisi cnobili na­ warmoebi `patara ufliswuli~. `iyo da ara iyo ra, iyo erTi patara ufliswuli. masaviT cicqna planetaze cxovrobda da megobrebs natrobda~. `patara ufliswulis arsebobis das­turad isic kmara, rom lamazi iyo, icinoda da batkans natrobda. bat­kani Tu gsurs, maSasadame, arsebob~. antuan de sent egziuperi. patara ufliswuli

?

1. yuradRebiT waikiTxe nawyveti da daakvirdi ilustracias. hgavs Tu ara patara ufliswuli Sen mier warmodgenil personaJs?

antuan de sent egziuperi. `patara ufliswulis~ ilustracia

`_ vin xar? _ ikiTxa patara uflis­wulma, _ Zalian lamazi Canxar... _ mela var. _ Tqva melam. _ modi, viTamaSoT, _ SesTavaza patara ufliswulma, _ moviwyine... _ ver geTamaSebi, _ uTxra melam, _ moSinaurebuli ara var~.

40

xSirad erTi da igive literaturul nawarmoebs ramdenime mxatvari asuraTebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi sainteresoa maT mier Sesrulebuli naxatebis Sedareba Tavad literaturul nawarmoebTan. `vefxistyaosani~ mraval qarTvel Tu ucxoel mxatvars aqvs dasuraTebuli.

V

naxes ucxo moyme vinme, jda mtirali wylisa pirsa, Savi cxeni sadaviTa hyva lomsa da viTa gmirsa, xSirad esxa margaliti lagam-abjar-unagirsa. cremlsa vardi daeTrTvila, gulsa mduRrad anatirsa. mas tansa kaba emosa, gare-Tma vefxis tyavisa, vefxis tyavisa qudive iyo sarqmeli Tavisa, xelTa naWedi maTraxi hqonda usxosi mklavisa; naxes da naxva mounda ucxosa sanaxavisa.

mixai ziCi

?

2. daakvirdi da aRwere aq warmodge­ nili `vefxistyaosnis~ ilustraciebi.

3. Seni azriT aris Tu ara gamosaxuli poemaSi aRwerili garemo, samosis detalebi am ilustraciebze? sergo qobulaZe

daasuraTe ana kalandaZis leqsi `kar­Si gamo, Wia-Wia maria~. `mze icinis, vardfurclobis daria da Sens karTan gugunia Telebis. karSi gamo, Wia-Wia maria, aras gavneb, mxolod mogeferebi. mze icinis, vardfurclobis daria da Sens qoxTan gugunia Telebis.~

ana kalandaZe

41

V 63. weliwadis oTxi dro

mxatvrebi TavianT namuSevrebSi xSirad weliwadis sxvadasxva dros asaxaven. isini akvirdebian bunebas da sagangebod arCeven xazs, fers an ganaTebas STabeWdilebis zustad gadmosacemad. magaliTad, zamTris susxis asaxva civi ferebis _ TeTris, nacrisfris, cisfris gamoyenebiT SeiZleba. xolo zafxulis mzis mcxunvarebas kargad gadmoscems Tbili yviTeli, narinjisferi da oqrosferi. didi mniSvneloba eniWeba detalebsac. magaliTad, gazafxulis ganwyobas TeTrad afeTqebuli kvirtebis da patar-patara yvavilebis danaxva qmnis.

klod mone

klod mone

?

42

1. aRwere klod mones warmodgenili namuSevrebi. Seni azriT, weliwadis romeli droa asaxuli TiToeul maTganze?

2. rogori ferebi aqvs gamoyenebuli mxatvars weliwadis sxva­dasxva drois gadmosacemad?

weliwadis sxvadasxva dros mravali leqsi an musikaluri nawarmoebi eZRvneba. rodesac poetebi feradi yvavilebiT moqargul mindvrebs aRweren, mkiTxveli am dros zafxulis an gazafxulis saamo surnels SeigrZnobs. kompozitorebi ki wkriala bgerebiT savse musikas weren da msmenels misi mosmenisas zamTris sufTa, yinuliviT gamWvirvale haeri udgas Tvalwin.

*** ar kakaneben kakbebi, melac Tvlems didi xania, ukanaskneli sakvebi soroSi Seutania. zis da dums ruxi kurdReli, rogorc uZluris wesia, jixvebs ki Savi SurTxebi Tivas da balaxs esvrian. ra didi manZilebia, ra unapiro velebi, mTaSi daTvs dasZinebia Tavis patara belebiT. paolo iaSvili

?

V

klod mone

3. waikiTxe leqsi. Seni azriT, weliwadis romel dros eZRvneba is?

4. mousmine didi italieli kompozitoris antonio vivaldis nawarmoebs `weliwadis oTxi dro~. gauziare STabeWdileba Tanaklaselebs.

SearCie weliwadis romelime dro da nebismieri xerxiT Seqmeni peizaJi.

klod mone

43

Cveni samSoblo (proeqti) mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi Tqven gaecaniT saqar­ Tvelos kuTxeebs, daxateT maTi xedebi, darwmundiT, rom isini erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba da TiToeuli Taviseburad lamazia: qarTli, ka­ xe­ Ti, imereTi...

?

1. CamoTvale saqarTvelos kuTxeebi.

afxazeTi svaneTi

raWa-leCxumi samegrelo imereTi guria

aWara

samcx javaxe

i

TianeTi fSav-xevsureTi mTiuleTi TuSeTi xevi qarTli kaxeTi

xeeTi

Tqveni naxate­ biT Sead­ gineT sa­ qar­Tvelos ruka. daasa­xeleT saqarTvelos Ti­­Toeuli kuTxis istoriuli Zeglebi, am kuTxi­sTvis damaxasiaTebeli tradic­iebi, wes-Cveulebebi da a.S.

I

Semajamebeli gakveTili _ 1 1. daasaxele Sesabamisi naxatis avtoris vinaoba: 2

1

3

2. gaixsene saintereso faqti leo­nardo da vinCis cxovrebidan.

3. daukavSire marjvniv mocemuli gan­martebebi xelov­nebis Sesabamis dargebs.

1. saxviTi xelovneba 2. gamoyenebiTi xelov­neba 3. arqiteqtura

46

a) aerTianebs im dargebs, romelTa nimuSebi adamianis yofaSi gamoiye­ neba. b) nage­bobis daproeqteba, aSeneba da mxatvruli gaformeba. g) aerTianebs mxatvrobas, qan­ da­ ke­bas, grafikas.

4. mocemuli ferebi daukavSire Sesabamis ganmartebebs. a) kontrastuli wyvilebi;

1

2

b) ZiriTadi ferebi;

3

g) Sedgenili ferebi

5

4

5. daukavSire suraTi avtors.

6

I

2

1

5

a) miqelanjelo b) leonardo da vinCi g) rafaeli d) odilon redoni 3

e) anri ruso

4

47

II Semajamebeli gakveTili _ 2 1. Seni sityvebiT ganmarte:

epoqa, terasa, maketi, hobi

2. gansazRvre am ori kompoziciidan romelia simetriuli da ro­meli asimetriuli. Seni mosazreba gadmoeci werilobiT:

joto di bondone.

RvTismSoblis dideba

jorjone. sami filosofosi

3. sad gadis simetriis RerZi simetri­ul formaze an saganze? a) sagnis an formis kideze; b) simetriuli sagnis an formis SuaSi; g) sagnis an formis qveda nawilSi. daasabuTe Seni mosazreba. moiyvane magaliTebi.

48

3. daukavSire marjvniv mocemul fotoebze warmodgenili xelov­nebis dargebi Sesabamis aRqmis organoebs. a) Tvali;

b) cxviri;

g) yuri;

d) piri;

e) xeli

1 2

II

3 4 5

5 4. daukavSire namuSevari avtors.

2

1 a) ogiust rodeni b) elene axvlediani g) daviT kakabaZe d) fidiasi e) miqelanjelo 5

3

4

49

III Semajamebeli gakveTili _ 3 1. Seni sityvebiT ganmarte:

simbolo, profesia, atributi, profesionali

2. daukavSire ganmartebebi Sesabamis egviptur RvTaebaTa saxelebs:

a) Su b) nuti g) ra d) gebi e) osirisi v) isisi z) seTi T) horusi

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

mzis RvTaeba cis qalRmerTi nayofiere­bis RvTaeba, micvalebulTa msajuli haeris RvTaeba mzis sxivis gansaxiereba. osirisisa da isisis Svili osirisis meuRle, nayofierebis RvTaeba miwis RvTaeba borotebis RvTaeba, osirisis Zma

3. romel namuSevarSia Senobebisa da adamianebis figurebis zomebis Tanafardoba realuri da romelSi – darRveuli? imsjele, dawere Seni mosazreba.

nikola puseni. mogvTa Tayvaniscema

joto. mariamisa da elisabedis Sexvedra

50

3. mocemuli Zeglebi xaziT daukavSire saqarTvelos rukaze aRniSnul Sesabamis kuTxeebs: 1 svaneTi

III

kaxeTi

3

2

4

4. daasaxele am suraTebis avto­rebis – qarTveli mxatvrebis saxeli da gvari.

2

3 4

1

51

IV Semajamebeli gakveTili _ 4

1. gansazRvre xelovnebis romel dargs miekuTvneba aq warmodgenili nimuSebi (arqiteqtura, ferwera da a.S.).

1

2

6

4 5

2. aRwere am suraTebze asaxuli ambebi. daasaTaure isini.

diego velaskesi.

52

pablo pikaso

3

3. aRwere am suraTebze asaxuli ambebi. daasaTaure isini.

1

IV

piter breigeli

2

piter breigeli

53

IV

3. suraTi daukavSire Sesabamis gansazRvrebas:

1 qeTevan maRalaSvili. manana qiqoZis portreti

2 amadeo modiliani. lunia Cexovskas portreti

a) proporcia darRveulia b) proporcia ar aris darRveuli

dominik engri. princesa albert de brolis portreti

54

3

pikaso. absenti

4

V

Semajamebeli gakveTili _ 5 1. Seusabame erTmaneTs sityvebi da gansazRvrebebi: uficis galerea mdebareobs:

sityva mecenati niSnavs:

1. florenciaSi 2. veneciaSi; 3. veronaSi

1. Semoqmeds 2. mecnierebisa da xelovnebis mfarvels 3. mecniers

ras uwodeben mecnierebi Zveli kolxebis sacxovrebels: 1. oda saxli 2. koSkura saxli 3. darbazi

2. daukavSire qveynebi Sesabamis ilustraciebs: a) babiloni b) kolxeTi g) egvipte d) saberZneTi

1 2

4

3

5

55

V

3. daukavSire marcxniv mocemul rigSi moqmedebis aRmniSvneli sityvebi marjvniv rigSi moTavsebul xelovnebis dargebs.

1. dakvra

a) ferwera

2. daproeqteba

b) arqiteqtura

3. TamaSi

g) mina

4. Zerwva

d) qandakeba

5. berva

e) musika

6. ferebis Sezaveba

v) Teatri

4. marjvniv warmodgenil namuSevrebs Seusabame marcxniv mocemuli saTaurebi.

2

1 a) Stormi g) zamTari kaxeTSi d) zRvidan monaberi qari b) mdinare senas napirebi 3

56

4

leqsikoni atributi _ risame da­maxa­si­aTebeli niSani. daproeqteba _ risame proeqtis Sedgena. epizodi _ ra­i­me mxat­vruli na­war­mo­ebis nawy­veti. epoqa _ drois monakveTi, ro­mel­sac misTvis dama­xasi­aTebeli niSne­bi aqvs. eskizi (qandakebisaT­vis) _ di­di zomis qan­da­kebi­saT­vis wi­na­s­wa­r Seq­ mni­li mci­re zomis mo­samzadebeli modeli. koleqcia _ erTgvari sagnebis, maT Soris xelovnebis nimuSebis, Tavmoyra. kontrasti _ mkveTri sxvaoba, da­pi­rispirebuloba. maketi _ raime nakeTobis an nagebobis Semcirebuli zomis nimuSi. marSruti _ winaswar da­saxuli gza gasaCere­beli pun­qtebis aRniSvniT. mecenati _ mecnierebisa da xelov­ nebis mdidari mfarveli. sityva ukavSirdeba romaeli politikuri moRvawis me­cenas saxels, romelic mfar­velobda ganTqmul poetebs. personaJi _ mxat­vruli nawarmoebis moqmedi piri. proeqti _ risame asa­gebad, dasamzadeblad damuSavebuli gegma. profesia _ xeloba, saqmiano­ ba, spe­ cialoba, ro­ mel­ sac gar­ kveuli mo­m­zadeba ­ sWirdeba da romliTac adamiani Tavs irCens. profesionali _ piri, romelmac ra­i­me saqmianoba gaixada Tavis profesiad. terasa _ ferdobze safexurebad ganlagebuli patara moednebi. hobi _ raimeTi gataceba; saqmia­no­ba, romelsac misdeven gar­Tobis, dasvenebis mizniT (mag. yva­vilebis mov­la, Tevzaoba da sxv.).