Gif 12 6 final

The Magazine of the National Intelligence Community

Infrastructure Architect Al Tarasiuk

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Chief Information Officer U.S. Intelligence Community

Geospatial Cybersecurity O Social Media Esri Conference Report O Airbus Update

September 2014 Volume 12, Issue 6

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GEOSPATIAL INTELLIGENCE FORUM Features

September 2014 Volume 12, Issue 6

Cover / Q&A

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Following the successful launch in August of the WorldView-3 remote sensing satellite, the only U.S.-based satellite imagery provider will soon begin offering its customers the highest commerciallyavailable resolution, revisit rate, capacity and spectral diversity in the world.

By Harrison Donnelly

At the recent Esri User’s Conference held in San Diego, Calif., companies unveiled a wide range of GEOINT-related products.

Amid a growing realization that the geospatial dimension of IT infrastructure can play an important role in securing networks and systems, a number of companies are designing offerings that combine those two dimensions.

By Peter Buxbaum

User’s Fair Shows Geo-Wares

New Systems Aid Imaging Satellite

GEOINT for Cybersecurity

16 Al Tarasiuk

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As the explosive popularity of social media creates massive new streams of accessible social, political and economic data, intelligence specialists are turning to analytical software designed to automatically convert the electronic thoughts and dreams of millions into the beginnings of actionable intelligence.

By Karen E. Thuermer

To ensure the intelligence community and Department of Defense are able to manage the threat of WMDs, a group of National GeospatialIntelligence foundation GEOINT analysts work with mission partners at the Defense Intelligence Agency Counterproliferation Office at the Army’s Rivanna Station facility in Charlottesville, Va.

By Kristen Mackey

Social Media Analytics

GEOINT Combats WMDs

Departments

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The intelligence community is turning to innovative methods in its search for innovative, game-changing technological capabilities, such as the Innovation Gateway recently unveiled by the Defense Intelligence Agency.

By Harrison Donnelly

With the scheduled launch later this year of a partner satellite that will round out its own satellite constellation, European defense giant Airbus Defense and Space is strengthening its position in the international remote sensing market with a comprehensive array of methods for intelligence and other customers to observe the Earth.

By Harrison Donnelly

IC Innovates in Search for Innovation

Chief Information Officer Intelligence Community

Airbus Defense

Advancing Your Mission™

Industry Interview George Demmy

2 Editor’s Perspective 4 Program Notes/People 14 Industry Raster 27 Resource Center

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EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE

Geospatial Intelligence Forum Volume 12, Issue 6 • September 2014

The Magazine of the National Intelligence Community Editorial Managing Editor

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A recent report by the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence has highlighted the perennial issue of the tradeoff between holding down defense costs and ensuring a healthy industrial base.

The report, “Performance Audit of Intelligence Major Systems Acquisition,” reflected a year-and-a-half study by the committee of the ways in which the intelligence community acquires major systems. Although much of the report remains classified, the panel released a section focusing on satellite procurement by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO).

Harrison Donnelly In seeking cost savings, committee members concluded that Editor the most promising opportunity would be to slow the pace of satellite purchases. “Currently the IC buys satellites faster than necessary to meet mission needs due to concerns about ensuring the stability of the satellite production market. The report concludes that those concerns are not fully justified and result in the excess purchase of satellites at taxpayer expense,” the panel said.

While that argument has been applied to a range of defense programs over the years, the report dug down into the assumptions that it said undergird NRO procurement levels. It rejected, for example, the idea that buying at a faster pace yields better cost performance on each satellite, or that it is better to keep a production line going because it would be even more expensive to have to start it up again at some future point of need.

To address the issue, the committee suggested that the Office of the Director of National Intelligence begin by getting some hard data on the topic from the Department of Commerce.

In response, NRO noted that all its acquisitions are reviewed by the Department of Defense, ODNI and Congress. “The internal NRO process, and all external oversight organizations and processes overseeing NRO acquisition programs, ensure that the best balance between risk and affordability is achieved, and the systems are not bought in advance of need,” the office said in a statement.

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PROGRAM NOTES Air Force Selects Hosted Payload Partners The Air Force Space and Missile Center has issued an indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contract valued at a total of $494.9 million for the Hosted Payload Solutions (HoPS) program.

The companies selected to participate in the contract program were Astrium Services Government, Harris Corp. Government Communications Systems Business Unit, Space Systems/Loral, Millennium Engineering and Integration Co., Surrey Satellite Technology (SST), Orbital Sciences Corp., Boeing, Exoterra Resources, Lockheed Martin, Merging Excellence and Innovation Tech Inc., ViviSat, Intelsat General Corp., SES Government Solutions, and Eutelsat America Corp.

The purpose of the contract is to provide a rapid and flexible means for the government to acquire commercial hosting capabilities for government payloads. The contract is designed to create a pool of qualified vendors to meet the government’s needs for various hosted payload missions.

The HoPS IDIQ scope includes procurement of hosted payload missions and procurement of hosted payload studies. Procurement of hosted payload missions includes a fully-functioning on-orbit hosted payload space and ground system for governmentfurnished payloads on commercial platforms. In addition to the space and ground systems, the HoPS mission will also include related on-orbit support for data transfer from the hosted payload to government end-users.

Participating companies hailed the selections, as well as the potential of the hosted payload concept.

“Surrey has been flying hosted payloads successfully for over 30 years,” said John Paffett, chief executive officer of SST-US. “Hosted payloads take advantage of unused spacecraft capacity on faster-paced commercial programs to provide a win-win for all stakeholders.

The combined capabilities, experience, and resources of our HoPS team allow us to provide hosted payload options for the full range of mission and orbit scenarios required by the government.”

SST-US recently made public the hosted payload flight manifest for its Orbital Test Bed mission, which includes five experimental payloads for NASA JPL, Air Force Research Laboratory and academic institutions.

4 | GIF 12.6

Compiled by KMI Media Group staff

Air Force ISR Agency Joins Combat Command The Air Force ISR Agency is being realigned from Headquarters Air Force as a field operating agency to become part of a new operational Numbered Air Force (NAF) under Air Combat Command (ACC).

“The primary focus of this realignment is to establish an ISR NAF (25th Air Force) to enable closer synchronization and integration of Air Force ISR activities and effects,” said Lieutenant General Bob Otto, deputy chief of staff for ISR. “We do this by combining ISR aircraft, PED (production, exploitation and dissemination), Lt. Gen. Bob Otto targeting and analysis under a single NAF focused on operational mission execution, employment, deployment and readiness issues.”

With operational control of many Air Force ISR capabilities, ACC will, in addition to its contribution to wartime missions, retain the ability to provide multi-disciplined intelligence, including: analysis, imagery, targeting and other capabilities in support of international emergency relief and other peacetime operations. Flight operations and data analysis will be streamlined, allowing integration of tactical, regional and national ISR capabilities.

The new Numbered Air Force headquarters will be located at Joint Base San Antonio, Texas.

A team of experts from ACC, Air Force ISR Agency and Headquarters Air Force is developing the program action directive that will assign responsibilities for the actions needed to complete the realignment.

“As a result of the realignment, the Air Force will build on its existing, preeminent ISR enterprise and continue to provide proactive intelligence, responsive ISR operations and comprehensive analytical assessment products,” Otto said. “This is critical for decision-making at the tactical, strategic and national levels.”

PEOPLE Letitia A. Long, director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, has received the Knowlton Award for intelligence excellence, which is given by the Military Intelligence Corps Association to those contributing significantly to the promotion of Army military intelligence.

Compiled by KMI Media Group staff

appointed by the secretary of defense and confirmed by the Senate.

After three years of service, Matt Olsen has announced plans to leave his position as director of the National Counterterrorism Center.

Patrick Neary David Shedd

David Shedd has become acting director of the Defense Intelligence Agency following the retirement of Lieutenant General Michael Flynn. He will serve in this role until the agency’s 19th director is

Northrop Grumman has appointed Patrick Neary as vice president of engineering for unmanned systems programs within the Aerospace Systems sector’s engineering and global product development organization.

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Social Media Analytics Intelligence analysts use new tools to automatically convert the electronic sentiments of millions into the beginnings of actionable intelligence.

By Karen E. Thuermer GIF Correspondent

As the explosive popularity of social media creates massive new streams of accessible social, political and economic data, intelligence specialists are turning to analytical software designed to automatically convert the electronic sentiments of millions into the beginnings of actionable intelligence.

While there will always be value in using people to gather and try to make sense out of intelligence, the fast pace and sheer volume of chatter ongoing via social media outlets, such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and blogs, makes it critical for technology to be involved.

“Throwing people at the problem is not enough,” commented Tom Sabo, senior solutions architect at SAS Federal.

“The process needs to be automated,” remarked Daniel Boyle, manager of SAS Federal’s National Security Group. “The volume, variety and veracity of data are just mind boggling. There’s a need to get more adept at analyzing it.”

The appeal of social media analysis is that it offers a window into Daniel Boyle people’s openly expressed thoughts and feelings about key topics before they become a full-blown social movement or trend. When those ideas emerge in the public arena, as was true during the Arab Spring of 2011, social media can become a key mode of communication during fast-developing events.

While the volume of social media information can be both its opportunity and challenge, analytic Kristen Summers technology can make it easier and quicker to gather and process information than ever before. www.GIF-kmi.com

“There is a huge amount of information in social media, of all kinds: specific events and occurrences, relationships between people and organizations, main topics of interest and concern to populations, and more,” reported Kristen Summers, director, technical, for CACI. In fact, social media offers a wealth of information for intel analysts. “In some cases, it provides an early warning of events,” Sabo remarked. “By verifying and corroborating it with other sources, it becomes another source for actionable information.”

To make effective use of this information requires analytic technology. But the volume and velocity of the information is just too great for analysts to read and make sense of it all.

“Analytic technology can sort out the elements that are likely to have value and organize and summarize them, so that analysts can focus their attention on the most meaningful combinations of data and on the most meaningful aspects of that data,” Summers said. “Then analysts can put their Eileen Ratzer main effort where it belongs: applying human judgment and making the interpretations that only an analyst can make.”

The role of human judgment begins even earlier in the process, according to Eileen Ratzer, program manager and lead analyst for BAE Systems’ Advanced Analytics Lab. “From an analysis perspective, manipulating data is secondary to being able to determine what data is relevant to one’s mission area,” she said.

“Social media analysis tradecraft and training have not advanced at the same pace as analytic software,” Ratzer continued. “Many practitioners remain unfamiliar with online subcultures, as evidenced by the FBI’s recently released guidebook on social media vernacular. Just as a police officer knows his beat, the intelligence analyst must understand an ever-expanding GIF 12.6 | 5

social media domain, and the behavioral indicators of the phenomena he or she is studying, such as social unrest, foreign fighter migration and troop movements. A good social media analyst must also be able to deftly maneuver the analytic tools available to them in order to fully exploit their power.

“It may be hard to believe, but many intelligence analysts in classified spaces simply do not have access to the open Web, and those who do have to switch between networks in order to understand what’s happening in the open source domain. Thus, they tend to miss out on a lot of relevant information. Vendors have done a great job of leveraging technology to address intelligence problems, but full acceptance of the social media value proposition within the IC will not be fully realized without a cultural shift proselytized at all levels of management,” she added.

Unique Insights Analytic technology provides unique insights when combined with social media. “Analysts can find trends, patterns and/or anomalies, depending on what they are looking for,” commented Boyle.

“It falls back on tech analysts to identify trends and filter what is actual and what is important,” added Sabo.

SAS and a number of other companies offer analytic technology for analyzing social media.

The SAS Social Media Analytics program embodies an exploratory tech analytic approach, Sabo explained. “Analysts may not know what they are looking for, but they will know when they see it,” he said.

By using rules-based analytics (“if-then” statements based on common sense and conventional wisdom) SAS applies subject matter expertise to filter social media data to actionable social media data.

The technology allows users to take on different challenges and use different phrases that filter out scenarios. It helps identify important topics and content categories and determine their relevance. The software also pulls together a variety of pertinent online data—from traditional news sites, social media forums or blogs— and allows for deeper, more holistic insights.

“We are a big proponent of letting the data show you where to look and determine the network,” explained Boyle. “If you let the data draw the network, then apply your biases and knowledge, you might get a very different picture. You will find the unknown unknowns. It’s not enough to know geography and spots on a map.

You are interested in how entities interact with one another.

“For example, let’s say an analyst is interested in a specific area that is hard to access,” he continued. “Social media can give you a leading indicator. There may be people in that region who are talking about, say, a particular construction site. While those people might live in different locations, one might mention that a large structure is being built. That would give an early indication that something is on the drawing board.”

This information can then be augmented with overhead imagery or other information to verify that the structure is, in fact, being built, thereby giving intelligence officials an early indicator that something is happening.

Data is kept long enough to spot trends and change analyses over time. By keeping a repository of conversations in an 6 | GIF 12.6

analysis-ready state, data can be analyzed as frequently and as deeply as needed.

“The idea is to remove the mundane activity and let analysts apply their expertise,” Boyle said. “They are a critical component, but automation has value.”

Another company in this field is CES, which offers PRism, a social media research and analysis tool. “This tool makes assumptions derived from social media faster and easier to process,” commented Blake Hasse, general legal counsel for CES and lead on the design and development of PRism. “Instead of going through files one by one for a single piece of information, a tool like ours will actually pull back all information from multiple locations and allow analysts to go through it all in one place. This makes the process a lot faster.”

Hasse emphasized, however, that analysts still need to recommend what is important and what is a false positive. “It is still complicated,” he added. “But I believe it will get easier and faster as we get better at it.”

CES, which operates primarily as a government health care contractor, developed PRism as a result of its experience with social media. “Two years ago my boss came to me and asked me to build a tool to make social media faster,” Hasse explained. “That’s where PRism came from. It is an all-in-one Web-based media investigation and intelligence platform that brings everything down to one workbench that allows one to go through the data.”

PRism offers two tools, one of which Hasse described as being like “a onetime monitor for emerging events,” while the other “offers long-term investigation functions that allow users to search across media to individual profiles to capture usernames,” he said.

The goal is to qualify the social media footprint of an individual within an organization. “We use the tool to bring all of the data down to one workbench, which archives the data so that all analysts will have it handy,” he said. “Nothing is deleted. We use a tool to preserve the content even if Twitter or such accounts are deleted.”

The tool looks for words that are commonly used as well as connections and monitors those profiles. The data is exported in a structured format so analysts can use it in other tools for more analysis. “It’s very robust and complicated,” Hasse added. “The tool tries to get everything onto one network, which makes it more efficient. Because it is a robust tool, there is a bit of a learning curve, but we offer training services.”

Streaming Architecture CACI offers a variety of solutions that apply to social media analysis. “We have a streaming architecture, meaning that we can pull in data from a variety of social media sources as it is posted, process it, and produce results as we go, rather than waiting to collect a set of data over time and then process and interpret it,” explained Summers.

CACI partners with other companies for analytics that apply to the data, or produce them directly. “This allows us to find topics of interest, indications of public mood, and the like,” Summers continued. “We can produce reports of the results or show them in an interface, such as placing them on a map according to the geospatial associations that are available.” www.GIF-kmi.com

CACI executives said their solution is particularly useful for intelligence-related needs. By monitoring the stream for topics or events of interest to analysts, the analytic technology can alert the analyst to increases in the attention paid to these topics, either in general or within a particular geographic area of interest or within a particular organization.

“Monitoring the full social media environment for a given area or population can provide general situational awareness and a picture of the social environment,” Summers said.

SnapTrends, meanwhile, offers “social intelligence” that enables analysts to identify location-based posts, and then leverage a number of built-in analytical tools to gain insight and intelligence. “Analysts can determine the location where posts originate, identify a social media user’s connections, determine patterns of life for a user, translate from more than 80 languages, and understand the context and timing of word use,” reported Eric Klasson, co-founder and chief executive officer of SnapTrends.

The analytics provided in SnapTrends enable analysts to reduce the time required to identify and investigate threats and incidents.

“SnapTrends helps reduce the amount of incidents that occur and improve the response when an event does occur,” he said.

According to Klasson, there are three main categories of social software vendors. The first category provides social media monitoring or listening tools that simply mine social networks for posts

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that contain certain hashtags or keywords, while leaving the user to sift through the posts to gain an understanding of context and meaning. The second category of vendors provide social media marketing tools that are primarily designed to push content out to social networks for the purposes of reaching new or existing customers.

The third category is called social intelligence, which Klasson said is SnapTrends’ focus.

“SnapTrends provides analytics and intelligence that is specially designed for public safety, law enforcement and corporate security and risk management,” Klasson explained. “SnapTrends is used to identify, respond to and investigate (and in some cases prevent) public safety and law enforcement related activities.”

Some of the key use cases include gangs, terrorist activities, intelligence gathering, criminal investigations, narcotics, active shooter situations, natural disasters (such as floods, hurricanes and fires) and military intelligence.

Advanced Analytics Another major player in social media analysis is the BAE Systems Advanced Analytics Lab, which brings together analytic resources and convergence of expertise from the company’s intelligence, IT and GEOINT business areas to shape and respond

GIF 12.6 | 7

to advanced analytics requirements. During the 2014 Winter Olympics, for example, the lab studied social media data to convey trends in the public dialogue around security, infrastructure, transportation, cyber-events and environmental concerns.

In studying COTS tools available in this field, the BAE lab has learned two critical lessons, Ratzer explained. There is no single tool that can do everything, she said, and no one understands the mission like trained analysts do. “It’s easy to be impressed by tools that over-engineer a solution by claiming to pull in everything social media has to offer, but an analyst’s ability to identify the most relevant platforms or accounts to his or her area of responsibility, and appropriately filter that content, is often underappreciated.

“If we can’t find the right tool to suit our needs, we have the luxury of talent to build it ourselves. It doesn’t have to be pretty, but it has to accelerate our ability to get the job done or simplify the analysts’ workflow in some way,” Ratzer said.

An example of one of these in-house innovations is the Automated Data Review (ADR) tool, which automates the collection of analyst-vetted sources on the open Web. “It uses natural language processing to apply properties to that unstructured data that are meaningful to clients’ issue set—a process that had previously been performed through manual data entry by the same analysts hired to interpret that content,” she explained.

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“We are training technology to make decisions as an analyst would so our humans can review the dataset rather than populate it. Instead of trying to find the needle in a haystack, we are trying to create ‘needle-rich hay.’ While we’ve just begun to socialize the tool, the initial response has been that the social media analysis challenges we are trying to tackle are fairly universal to the intelligence community.”

BAE Systems Geospatial eXploitation Products (GXP) have long been a staple in the intelligence analyst’s toolkit, Ratzer added. “Our GXP Xplorer software allows users to perform federated searches across their data environment and visualize the results according to geo-location. Soon, our customers will have the option to gain access to unique, quality-controlled social media data layers made available by our Advanced Analytics Lab. As more software providers move their products to the cloud, there is a growing appetite from the user community to order from a menu of data feeds, and we are excited to be a provider of both those data feeds and the platform to bring it all together.”

Ongoing Evolution As analytic technology in general continues to improve, Sabo predicted, so will the kind of analytics used in social media. “You get a more holistic picture where social media is just one of the many signals,” he said.

Yet there is volatility in data. “For example, how the Arab Spring occurred in one country may not be the same in another,” Sabo explained.

Social media continues to evolve as well. “There will be challenges in keeping up with the different forms of social media and what people choose to share and how they choose to organize as events unfold,” he said.

Meanwhile, the models are continuously emerging and getting better. One key issue is how one looks at the narrative, such as at a macro level that may indicate what’s going on by the sheer volume of chatter or a significant drop in volume.

“It gets more delicate and intricate at the micro level,” said Boyle. “The process is an ongoing evolution.”

The good news is analytic hardware and memory software has become better and less expensive. “The ability to make sense of relevant data is where the real argument is,” he added.

This is where the filtering selection comes in and value is added. For Summers, the pitfalls and advantages of open-source data are really two sides of the same coin. “There is a huge amount of data, and it is very easy to produce and to obtain,” she said. “This means that the reliability of the data varies widely and is often unpredictable, and it also means that just identifying the parts that are relevant to an intelligence need can be a daunting task.”

It’s important to remember, she stressed, that social media is also not necessarily representative of the population at large, but is biased towards the demographics that use social media heavily.

So using it as an indicator of the general population’s concerns and moods can be problematic.

“However, the sheer quantity of open-source data and the ease of access means that it offers a broad view, where small biases and agendas are likely to cancel each other out, with an accurate view www.GIF-kmi.com

Social Media Analytics Checklist One indication of the intelligence community’s interest in social media analytics comes from a recent Secret Service solicitation seeking “computer based annual social media analytics.”

The agency’s request for proposals described a social media software analytics tool with the ability to:

• Identify statistical pattern analysis • Visually present complex data in a clear, concise manner • Provide user friendly functionality to multiple staff members.

• Automate the social media monitoring process • Synthesize large sets of social media data

• • • •

The capabilities/functionalities sought by the Secret Service included: Real-time stream analysis Customizable keyword search features Sentiment analysis Trend analysis

emerging of the participating population,” she said. “It’s worth noting that what people are discussing on social media might not be accurate, but the fact that they are discussing it is accurate and that in itself can provide insight.”

Hasse agreed, pointing out that anyone can write things and proclaim that it is fact. “It’s about spotting the marker that confirms what they are saying is true,” he said.

“There is a wealth of open-source information out there,” he added. “When looking at an individual, you can look at their friends, relatives and the people who are looking at them. By working with other forms of intelligence, you can add context and learn what’s happening behind the scenes.”

Klasson sees open-source data providing a wealth of information and insight for state, local and federal law enforcement and public safety agencies as well as corporate security. The greatest challenge, however, is the sheer volume of data.

“SnapTrends helps address this by finding the ‘needle in the haystack’ by zeroing in on the most relevant posts by specific location, keyword and user handle,” he said.

Interpretation of Meaning Looking ahead to the future of social media analytics, Summers suggested that a key area of improvement will be deeper analysis of content.

“We’ve really only been scratching the surface,” she said. “I think we’ll see analytics that focus on more than general phrases and moods in the text of social media. We’ll see interpretation of meaning, sarcasm, indications of relationship and closeness, and we’ll also see analytics that apply to other modalities, such as images and video.”

Summers also believes there will be greater interpretation of the connections and metadata, regardless of the content, with a focus on interpreting networks, influence and patterns of use.

“We may also see a greater connection of the virtual space to the physical space, especially as the Internet of things becomes a reality,” she added. “We may see assessments of the strength of informal communities and how they are distributed geographically, or interpretations of the effect of someone’s current location on the issues they consider a priority.” www.GIF-kmi.com

• Audience segmentation • Geographic segmentation • Qualitative data visualization representations (heat maps, charts, graphs) • Access to historical Twitter data • Influencer identification • Ability to detect sarcasm and false positives • Ability to search online content in multiple languages.

Overall, she contended, social media analytics will become more fully integrated as a part of the intelligence analyst’s toolkit; open-source intelligence will simply be another data source, and these analytics will be the way to use that data.

Hasse said he foresees social media analytics becoming more technical, with more data being pushed out. “Behind all the data is the metadata on the backend,” he stressed. “With more and more pieces of metadata, there will be a need for a tool or technology to handle the new tags as they emerge and evolve. Learning how to handle all of that data is the most difficult thing that we do.”

CES is currently looking at a proposal for ways to detect sarcasm in social media. “It is also hard to access information without special tools that go beyond security settings,” Hasse added.

The intelligence community is also apparently interested in detecting sarcasm. A recent Secret Service solicitation sought social media analytics capabilities that included the “ability to detect sarcasm and false positives.”

Klasson pointed out that social media analytics is already evolving toward a specialization by industry that will continue into the future. “Many companies are focused on marketing use cases,” he said.

For example, SnapTrends focuses on public safety, law enforcement, homeland security and corporate security. A software vendor’s focus dramatically affects the types of analytics that are built within the system.

“Tools that are designed to sell products and services to people and/or monitor customer satisfaction are drastically different from tools like SnapTrends that are designed to prevent, identify, respond and investigate incidents and the people involved with them,” he said.

Klasson warned, however, that the more terrorists and other adversaries know about what is possible through social media analytics, the less they will use social media.

“It’s always a game of cat and mouse,” Boyle remarked. O

For more information, contact GIF Editor Harrison Donnelly at harrisond@kmimediagroup.com or search our online archives for related stories at www.gif-kmi.com.

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In addition to higher resolution, the recently launched WorldView-3 offers several technology improvements.

By Harrison Donnelly GIF Editor

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www.GIF-kmi.com

CAVIS is a small telescope, with an aperture of about 6 inches, that mounts to the side of the main telescope’s outer barrel assembly. “Whereas the primary instrument is imaging down to 31 centimeters, the ground sample distance of CAVIS is about 30 meters,” he noted. “So you’re not really imaging the ground so much as the atmosphere between the spacecraft and the ground.”

The system then relies on public domain algorithms developed for Landsat to calculate the effects of those bands on the images being taken, effectively removing the interfering atmospheric layers and creating a clearer image. CAVIS is particularly good at distinguishing between snow and bright sand, for example.

Exelis, meanwhile, delivered the satellite’s integrated imaging system, including the panchromatic and visiblenear infrared multispectral sensor system and an optical telescope unit. As was true with CAVIS, DigitalGlobe during the course of development asked for the addition of a shortwave infrared (SWIR) system, making WorldView-3 the first commercial satellite to carry that capability.

The SWIR bands will penetrate haze, fog, smog, dust, smoke, mist and cirrus clouds and allow clearer identification of materials not visible to the human eye. This is a capability that will be very useful in a number of commercial and other applications for oil, gas and vegetation, for example providing oil and gas companies better mineral characterization to build more accurate geological models for drilling.

“About a year into the program, we were able to modCAVIS and SWIR ify the payload and introduce SWIR, and so capture the pan- and multi-spectral and SWIR data all at the same Ball Aerospace, which provided the WorldView-3 sattime, to make it very useable information,” said Craig ellite bus, for example, also provided an atmospheric Oswald, commercial remote sensing maninstrument called CAVIS (cloud, aerosol, ager for Exelis. water vapor, ice, snow). CAVIS will monitor “SWIR is very similar to a regular visual the atmosphere and provide correction data focal plane, where we’re collecting electrons to improve WorldView-3’s imagery when it and converting them through quick analogimages Earth objects through haze, soot, digital diverters, and then doing our unique dust or other obscurants. compression,” he added, while noting that Ball developed the CAVIS program for the SWIR imagery is not compressed, but the Landsat 8 satellite, which was launched is delivered in full to DigitalGlobe to use on in 2013. The company had some spare modthe ground. ules left over from the project that attracted Exelis also made some enhancements to DigitalGlobe’s interest, according to Jeff Jeff Dierks the main mission sensor, building on what Dierks, WorldView-3 program manager. it had provided for WorldView-2. “We offered an improve“They were looking for ways to better calibrate and ment in low noise, and increased the quantum efficiency utilize their eight-band multispectral imagery,” Dierks on the sensor. On both the pan- and the multi-specexplained. “One of the things that happens is that as you tral, we also made a change to improve the glint perforare imaging, the atmospheric column that you’re imagmance. Before, if you hit a bright object, you would get ing down through can have various effects on the image some blooming, so we had some new sensor technology that you’re taking. They were interested in finding ways to reduce that. That, coupled with our Generation 2 electo remove some of that atmospheric column’s perturbatronics, offers DigitalGlobe very high resolution imagery tions from the imagery. They asked several companies for at very low noise,” Oswald said. ideas on what they could do, and selected us.”

Following the successful launch in August of the WorldView-3 remote sensing satellite, the only U.S.-based satellite imagery provider will soon begin offering its customers the highest commercially available resolution, revisit rate, capacity and spectral diversity in the world.

DigitalGlobe’s sixth satellite, borne on a United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket launched from Vandenberg AFB, Calif., will be able to capture images at 0.31 m resolution, which is enough to identify manhole covers and mailboxes from an orbiting altitude of 617 kilometers.

The launch comes a few months after the Department of Commerce authorized DigitalGlobe to sell imagery to all of its customers at up to 0.25 m panchromatic and 1.0 m multispectral ground sample distance beginning six months after WorldView-3 is operational.

Previous restrictions barred sale of images with better than 0.50 m resolution. DigitalGlobe pressed hard to move the limit to 0.25 m, arguing that it harmed their ability to compete on the world market, where a number of international companies have been moving to offer higher resolution products. Approval of the new limit had been expected ever since key intelligence community officials announced this spring that they would no longer oppose it.

While WorldView-3’s increased image quality, along with the debate over resolution limits on commercial sales, has attracted much of the attention, it is also important to note that the unit incorporates several other technological advances offering enhanced functionality.

www.GIF-kmi.com

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Along with improvements in the telescope, Exelis also incorporated a thermally controlled system that holds the structure and optics to a very tight temperature alignment. “That gives you very high modulation transfer function and good line-of-sight performance,” he explained. “The reason you want that is because it provides outstanding image quality and geo-location accuracy.”

Oswald summed up, “This is really the next step in high remote sensing. It’s an improvement over WorldView-2, and we think that DigitalGlobe customers in both the commercial and government worlds will like the performance and color response of the system. We’re really excited to see how the SWIR enables users to exploit imagery in ways they haven’t been able to before.”

Unique Information More than incremental changes, the improvements in WorldView-3 will raise the value of the The CAVIS system will monitor the atmosphere and provide correction data to improve WorldView-3’s imagery. [Photo courtesy of Ball Aerospace] system for defense and intelligence analysts to a whole new level, according to Dr. Kumar Navulur, DigitalGlobe’s director of next-generation products in labs.

Noting that the enhancements were developed after extensive consultations with experts in the intelligence community as well as a range of industries, Navulur identified three unique features of the new system that will increase its value.

The sensor’s 30 cm resolution, for example, will improve the resulting imagery’s rating on the National Imagery Interpretation Rating Scale (NIIRS), which analysts use to determine the quality of an image.

“NIIRS, with the WV-3, will be about 5.4-5.7, which means the analyst will be able to differentiate between various types of military vehicles and understand what is going on in the field. Some of the information you can get from 50-60 cm resolution, The improvements in WorldView-3 raise the value for intelligence analysts to a new level. but 30 cm will take you to the next level in terms of [Photo courtesy of Ball Aerospace] detail needed to understand the war zone. That is the number one advantage,” Navulur explained.

Secondly, the new system will also improve the information that analysts can extract from the incoming data, through capabilities such as trafficatmosphere will have changed. So a car that looked red last week ability analysis. “If warfighters are going into a new area, they need will look like a different color if the atmosphere is hazy. Now we to understand the terrain, and whether their vehicles can go over can create calibrated imagery, so that a red car will always look red the terrain,” he said. “With the SWIR bands, we can estimate the regardless of the atmosphere,” he said. soil moisture and collect elevation data, and give them an idea of “This extends our leadership. In the commercial industry, a lot whether the area is suitable for heavy equipment. of people want to mimic our 50 cm data,” Navulur continued. “But “With 30 cm, we can create higher accuracy 3-D models, so this extends our technology leadership, not only by allowing custhat analysts can understand line of sight. The 3-D data allows you tomers to see more clearly, but also by providing unique informato do vulnerability analysis so you can take precautions for secution that is not available from anywhere else.” O rity,” Navulur said, noting that the technology can locate disturbances in the ground associated with underground tunnels.

For more information, contact GIF Editor Harrison Donnelly In addition, the CAVIS technology, by eliminating haze and at harrisond@kmimediagroup.com or search our online archives other types of interference, will improve color fidelity of the imagfor related stories at www.gif-kmi.com. ery. “If you take a picture today, and come back a week later, the 12 | GIF 12.6

www.GIF-kmi.com

GEOINT Combats

WMDs

NGA analysts play key roles in assessing risks from chemical, biological and nuclear weapons.

To ensure the intelligence community and Department of Defense are able to manage the threat of WMDs, a group of National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency GEOINT analysts work with mission partners at the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) Counterproliferation Office (DCP) at the Army’s Rivanna Station facility in Charlottesville, Va. There is a continuously evolving landscape with potential for foreign acquisition, development or use of WMDs and numerous potential threats and actors, both state and non-state, said Tom Francis, director of the Counterproliferation Office. Francis and his teams assess all aspects of biological and chemical weapons and foreign nuclear programs, including policy, security and the capability to produce or acquire nuclear material or weapons.

Many countries are pursuing WMD programs and will continue to improve capabilities over the next decade, according to assessments of the proliferation threat, said Francis. The assessments also show that biological and chemical materials and technologies move easily in a globalized economy, as do personnel with the scientific expertise to design and use them.

Additionally, terrorists or insurgent organizations, acting alone or through middlemen, may acquire nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, possibly even in states that do not currently have such programs, said Francis.

“I wish I could say WMDs were something we have seen the last of with treaties and handshakes, but the fact is, this mission is a growing danger to the United States and its allies, not a decreasing mission,” said Francis. “That makes our job at DCP more important than ever, and my analysts from NGA even more critical to me.”

Though there is a contingent of analysts supporting the DCP mission at DIA headquarters and at the combatant commands, Francis is a proponent of co-locating the people who work on this growing mission. So when a BRAC decision relocated DIA from Herndon, Va., to Charlottesville, Va., Francis advocated bringing NGA analysts as well.

The NGA support team at the new DIA building on Rivanna Station and others there help facilitate DIA’s ground intelligence mission and the Army’s National Ground Intelligence Center there, www.GIF-kmi.com

By Kristen Mackey where they work on many sensitive issues. Having NGA analysts familiar with the intelligence allows them to engage early, anticipate DoD needs and quickly meet requirements.

The NGA analysts at DCP are good at getting Francis what he needs to meet his mission requirements, often providing much more than what was requested, said Tom Cooke, NGA’s division chief, who oversees embedded GEOINT support to DIA at Rivanna Station.

“That is very true,” Francis said. “NGA’s analysts (here) are not just physically integrated with the mission. By working side by side with my guys, the mission is second nature to them. They know what I need, often before I need it.”

The NGA analysts are able to provide tailored products critical to the mission that Francis cannot get elsewhere, he said. But despite that expertise, he knows that other agencies, including other offices at NGA, have intelligence that DCP may not. Cooperation and communication with those other offices is critical to making sound decisions.

“With this mission, if you get it wrong, a lot of people die,” said Francis.

So, as events unfolded in Syria in 2013, Francis and his teams coordinated with analysts and experts from other agencies and offices to reach a sound conclusion. In the end, they all agreed WMDs had been used in Syria.

“A church or school cannot be mistaken for a storage unit, (and) humans cannot be mistaken for animals—it is critical that we have unanimous consensus,” said Francis. “These mistakes can’t be made, and Syria was a perfect example of multi-agency coordination.” O Kristen Mackey is with the NGA Office of Corporate Communications. This article appeared in the Spring 2014 issue of Pathfinder.

For more information, contact GIF Editor Harrison Donnelly at harrisond@kmimediagroup.com or search our online archives for related stories at www.gif-kmi.com.

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INDUSTRY RASTER Contract Supports NGA Map of the World The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency has awarded BAE Systems a $335 million contract to assist in transforming the collection, maintenance and utilization of geospatial intelligence data and products. The award supports NGA’s dynamic Map of the World project, which is giving U.S. military leaders clearer on-the-ground intelligence pictures to enhance situational awareness and mission planning. “Our GEOINT experts will be exploring new sources of data, including commodity data,

open-source intelligence, and NGA archive data to deliver new products in line with the agency’s changing mission focus,” said DeEtte Gray, president of BAE Systems’ Intelligence & Security sector. The work on NGA’s GEOINT Data Services Program will be performed at BAE Systems’ facilities in Mt. Laurel, N.J., and Pittsburgh, Pa. Charles Ratzer; charles.ratzer@baesystems.com

Deduplication Appliance Maximizes Performance

Quantum Corp. has announced an enriched and simplified DXi-Series deduplication family, including a new DXi6900 appliance, to serve as the foundation for next-generation data protection. The DXi6900 is powered by Quantum’s DXi software with StorNext 5 technology at its core to optimize performance, scalability and manageability for enterprises and service providers.

This latest DXi offering enables industryleading scalability and faster backups, restores and replication while easing the strain on network bandwidth and reducing overall operating expenses.

When combined with Quantum’s Q-Cloud Protect services, the new DXi-Series enables customers to build data protection workflows that extend across sites and to the cloud.

Renamed WorldView-4 Satellite Set for 2016 Launch DigitalGlobe has announced plans to accelerate the launch of WorldView-4, previously named GeoEye-2, to mid-2016 to meet demand from DigitalGlobe’s Direct Access and other commercial customers. A significant catalyst for this increased opportunity was the U.S. Department of Commerce’s recent decision to allow DigitalGlobe to sell imagery with resolution of up to 25 cm. DigitalGlobe now plans to launch WorldView-4 in mid-2016, providing customers with assured access to 30 cm resolution imagery—the highest resolution imagery commercially available. WorldView-4 will serve an expanding addressable market for high-resolution imagery at 30 cm, and the decision to accelerate its launch is supported by demand from DigitalGlobe’s existing customer base and is expected to be accretive to returns. Together with WorldView-3 and the rest of DigitalGlobe’s constellation, WorldView-4 will extend the company’s capabilities in resolution, accuracy, spectral diversity, revisit rate, and other aspects of imagery quality so critical to the missions of DigitalGlobe’s various customers.

Nancy Coleman; nancy.coleman@digitalglobe.com

Open Collaboration Solution Links Mobile Workers To help organizations truly harness the mobile workforce, unprecedented availability of geographic data, rise of cloud-based services and explosive growth of location-enabled devices, TerraGo, a provider of geospatial collaboration software, has introduced TerraGo Edge, an open collaboration solution for mobile workflows that immediately syncs field data with headquarters and other

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mobile workers. TerraGo Edge enables mobile workers and field crews to easily take notes and photos, assign tasks, and share data in real-time. The easy-to-use app enables the enterprise to embrace the bring-yourown-device promise of improved productivity, ease of use and seamless networking. With TerraGo Edge, organizations create intelligent, portable notebooks customized for

their unique areas of interest and specialized workflows. Available with a tap of any user’s smartphone and tablet, TerraGo Edge notebooks contain all the forms, documents, maps and imagery needed by remote workers, securely delivering real-time data to and from users at the “edge of the enterprise.”

Jessie Hillenbrand; jhillenbrand@terragotech.com

www.GIF-kmi.com

Compiled by KMI Media Group staff

Unit Combines Best of Projector Technologies Sony is combining the best of its projector technologies—4K, laser light source and ultra-short throw capabilities—into a new model, VPL-GTZ1, designed for a range of business and commercial applications. The VPL-GTZ1’s imaging technology combines Sony’s 4K SXRDTM with a laser phosphor light source, resulting in 2,000 lumens color brightness and superb picture quality. The new projector can throw high-resolution images up to approximately 147 inches diagonal and zoom down to 66 inches, achieved by respective 7-inch and 0-inch distances from screen, across onto a whiteboard, or any white plane surface. The ultrashort throw allows presenters to stand closer to the screen and also check details of the 4K image at a closer distance without shading off the image. The new model’s flexible installation and operation allow it to be floor-standing, ceiling-mounted or used for rear projection. Users can blend multiple projectors, and a quick on/off feature is convenient for busy meeting spaces. Like Sony’s other laser light source projectors, the VPL-GTZ1 can deliver an expected 20,000 hours of maintenance-free operation without the need for a lamp exchange.

Hyperspectral Sensor Fits Small UAVs Headwall has announced availability of its new Nano-Hyperspec sensor for commercial UAV deployment. The low-cost hyperspectral sensor operates in the VNIR (400-1000 nm) spectral range and includes onboard data processing and storage to minimize size, weight, and power constraints inherent with small, hand-launched UAVs. The Nano-Hyperspec sensor can be combined with optional GPS/IMU capabilities to provide an airborne configuration that is small, light and fully integrated. The total sensor package with data processor and storage weighs approximately 1.5 pounds and measures 3 by 3 by 4.7 inches. The VNIR sensor features 640 spatial bands and 270 spectral bands at a resolution of 2-3 nm. The frame rate of the Nano-Hyperspec is over 300 frames per second; the usable data storage capacity is 480 GB. Nano-Hyperspec is available in two options: OEM-programmable sensor configuration and high-performance sensor configuration for end-users.

Tactical Video System Offers Real-Time Tracking

Chemring Technology Solutions and General Dynamics Mediaware, an Australia-based part of General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, have partnered to create a nextgeneration tactical video exploitation system that tracks vehicles and personnel in real time using video streams from manned or unmanned aircraft. The new partnership combines Chemring Technology Solutions’ moving target indicator system, VTA (Visual Target Analysis) 2.0, with General Dynamics Mediaware’s next-generation, end-to-end tactical video exploitation system, D-VEX. This provides operators with a valuable tool in the high pressure environments of motion intelligence gathering and analysis, automatically alerting them to moving vehicles and personnel in video streams. Modern surveillance aircraft generate thousands of hours of video footage, which need to be monitored and analyzed by trained operators in order to identify targets of interest. In operational situations where fatigue and target fixation can occur, an important event, which may only last a few frames, can be missed. D-VEX is a video-exploitation system that captures and manages full-motion video, providing operators with intuitive tools for enhancing, streamlining and analyzing live and recorded video.

Russell Hardy; russell.hardy@chermringts.com

Launch Completes Optical Satellite Constellation The SPOT 7 Earth-observation satellite, designed and developed by Airbus Defense and Space, has been launched successfully from the space center in India. It will join SPOT 6 and Pléiades 1A and 1B in orbit, thereby completing the optical satellite constellation operated by Airbus Defense and Space. After it has undergone a period of tests in orbit, Airbus Defense and Space’s optical constellation will be at its full operational capacity. The company will thus operate a constellation of four optical satellites that will open up opportunities for new applications, providing the latest images www.GIF-kmi.com

within an unprecedented time frame. This means that every day, every point on the globe can be viewed both in high resolution by a SPOT satellite and in very high resolution by a Pléiades satellite. While SPOT 6 and 7 will cover wider areas with a resolution of 1.5 m, Pléiades 1A and 1B will be focused on more targeted zones with a greater level of detail (50 cm products). Like its twin, SPOT 7 covers wide areas in record time. With both satellites in orbit, acquisition capacity will be boosted to 6 million square kilometers per day—an area 10 times the size of France.

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Infrastructure Architect

Q& A

Building the IC Information Technology Enterprise Al Tarasiuk Chief Information Officer U.S. Intelligence Community President Obama appointed Al Tarasiuk as intelligence community chief information officer on February 17, 2011. Tarasiuk is widely recognized for leadership in technology and policy strategy and for executing information technology programs.

In January 2011, he received the National Intelligence Reform Medal from the director of national intelligence for significant accomplishments leading to the transformation and integration of the U.S. intelligence community.

From 2005 to 2010, Tarasiuk served as chief information officer at the Central Intelligence Agency, where he was responsible for leading enterprise information technology and information management. In this role, he supported cyber-defense and also served as the CIA’s senior privacy and civil liberties officer.

Prior to being appointed CIO, Tarasiuk was director of CIA’s Information Services Center, where he was responsible for the execution of enterprise IT services in support of CIA’s global mission. In his early years at CIA, Tarasiuk served overseas in an operational role with the National Clandestine Service. He has served in other senior executive, technical and program management roles throughout his career. He began his federal career as a project engineer with Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty, and has more than 27 years of federal service.

Tarasiuk holds a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from New Jersey Institute of Technology and a Master of Science from the George Washington University.

Tarasiuk was interviewed by GIF Editor Harrison Donnelly.

Q: How would you assess the overall state of progress in implementing the Intelligence Community Information Technology Enterprise (IC ITE)?

A: I think we’re in really good shape right now, and we continue to make steady progress on our strategy. While we have a revolutionary kind of vision, the actual strategy is very much like normal IT, where every agency has a recapitalization/refreshment program, and we’re leveraging those budgets and timelines for them to transition to the IC ITE infrastructure. In other words, when they do normal recapitalization of their desktop, they no longer have to engineer their own desktop, but can leverage the IC ITE Desktop Environment (DTE). So we continue to make good progress, and just a week ago we gave the go-ahead for CIA to turn on the Amazon Web Services cloud. We approved the security authorization, so they are now ‘live.’ That makes up the second piece of the core IC cloud infrastructure, so we’re very excited about that and the great opportunities it will bring.

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On the desktop, we are at about 8,500 deployments at this point, although only to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). That’s because of some contractual restrictions until they get Phase 2 awarded. Overall, we couldn’t be happier about the implementation of the foundational pieces, which are the core infrastructure.

Q: What are the component programs that make up IC ITE, and where does each stand?

A: The core architecture has a few components. It has the IC cloud, within which there are two nodes. We have what NSA provided, which we sometimes call the GovCloud, and then the commercial cloud, C2S, which CIA provided through their relationship with Amazon. That forms the basic core infrastructure for computing, processing, hosting and storage. The DTE desktop is the other significant piece to this. While all 17 IC elements today engineer and deploy their own desktop, we have decided to engineer one and deploy it 17 times. The scaling of that will occur over the next several years, and our goal is that by the end of fiscal year 2018, we’ll have most if not all IC users on DTE. The other part of this is the Applications Mall, which is where we are going to expose applications from across the community. The goal is to begin the rationalization of all the various www.GIF-kmi.com

applications and to try to reduce duplication. The Apps Mall will present applications that have been approved and developed for different business functions in the community. They can be leveraged instead of someone building their own. Another part of this, which we are just starting to tackle, is on the network side itself. We gave the National Reconnaissance Office the charter to be the network engineering and requirements service provider.

That doesn’t mean that they provide the networks, but what we wanted to do was to develop architectural and engineering designs to consolidate our networks. Today, they are federated and interoperable, and we believe that there is some efficiency and effectiveness that we can gain out of consolidation. We’re in the process of doing that, which is another large piece that will come to bear over time.

Identity and access management is another big chunk of this. We used the existing services that we have now in order to get IC ITE started, so it’s a federated approach. But we’re moving to a more centralized approach for that, and it will come in time as well. The other service we put in place this year, which is up and functioning, is the Security Coordination Center (SCC).

While every agency today has a cyber-defense 24-hour watch for detection and prevention, we needed one to monitor end-toend the security posture of the IC ITE infrastructure, which will over time reduce the need for agencies to have their own infrastructure, when they all start using this one. The SCC is up and operational, and they have a suite of tools and resources to monitor end-to-end what the infrastructure looks like from a security perspective.

Q: Last year Director James R. Clapper reportedly described the initiative as going through the stage of “passive resistance.”

Is that over, and what was helpful in getting through it?

A: Any time that you deal with this scale of change, in a community with a history dating back to the 1940s, you’re going to find some of that. It’s not at the leadership level. A lot of it has to do with the fact that we purposefully did not focus on the mission from the beginning, but on infrastructure and getting the foundation in place. The more we start involving the mission and moving data into this multi-tenant centralized IT cloud, you’re going to see some of this occur. But we’ve had strong governance in place for the IC ITE roadmap for the last year and a half to two years. We have senior leadership involved on a weekly basis—the principal deputy director for national intelligence and the deputies of the Big 5/6 agencies—in a governance forum to make sure that they remove roadblocks and address issues. It’s not a big problem, but you’re always going to find this when you make changes.

Q: What is your personal role in the process, and what are some of the more common types of issues that come up that you have to help resolve?

A: This all started with the Big 6 CIOs, and later all 17, getting together in a council to set the direction for this and how we were going to build the infrastructure and adopt a phased approach to do it. That collaboration occurs quite often, and in fact the larger-agency CIOs interact almost daily on any issues that might come up. For example, the current issue we are dealing with is www.GIF-kmi.com

that every agency has a [different] way to do IT operations, with their own configuration management control boards and similar things. Now we have to operate as an IC enterprise, and so we’re trying together to find the solution for how we can bring some of those best practices from within the agencies and expose them so they can become IC processes. While every agency today runs the entire stack of the infrastructure, that will no longer be the case when you look across the IC ITE services. The primary agencies all have a responsibility for delivering a portion of those services, so they have to work together to integrate and make sure that when changes are needed, notifications are made. My role is to make sure that those issues get addressed, and to work with the CIOs to collaborate with them to make sure we keep moving forward. My other role is to support the principal deputy here, Stephanie O’Sullivan, in her leadership role to drive change management, which is the agency adoption of all of this. I’m her principal adviser to make sure that the right kinds of issues are teed up and we are working on the right problem set.

I’m also supporting the mission side now. There is a mission users’ group that is led by Robert Cardillo, who is the deputy director here for intelligence integration, and Cathy Johnston, who is the head of analysis at DIA. I participate in their monthly meetings to make sure that IT and mission are together and moving forward, and that they know what capabilities are and are not in place, as well as helping them with the rationalization activities and other things they are doing.

Q: What budgetary impact do you see from this initiative, and in particular do you expect to reach the 25 percent cost savings goal laid out by Director Clapper?

A: We had to set a goal up front. I think that if we focus relentlessly on the execution of driving out costs at the lower layers of the infrastructure, we’ll get there eventually. Since this all started, we’ve had additional sequestration cuts to our budget, so the budgets are not exactly where they where when we started.

But more importantly, this is going to turn out to be a huge platform for new innovation for the community. Everyone is starting to recognize more and more that it will present all kinds of opportunities for mission growth and mission effectiveness— much more so than when this started out as an efficiency play.

So we’re in good shape there.

Q: How would you compare and contrast the implementation strategies of IC ITE with those used by the Department of Defense for the Joint Information Environment (JIE) and Defense Intelligence Information Enterprise?

A: Both efforts really involve the consolidation of IT infrastructure, and have to do with mission improvement and effectiveness. Both also have to do with reducing overall costs, and, as is so important in this era, on improving information security. Those are common things, and I think for both the IC and DoD, this will provide a lot more agility. When you have a common infrastructure, you don’t have to worry about buying hardware and getting it deployed. If we get this right, and DoD gets it right through JIE, that will exist as a service, which will make it a lot easier for our mission to build on top of that. Those are the commonalities, but we have focused on the TS/SCI fabric for the GIF 12.6 | 17

information domain, while DoD is largely focused on the secret and unclassified domains. We are working closely together to make sure we are in sync on standards for interoperability and for cross-domain solutions to make sure that information can flow between the various classification boundaries. Our strategies for IC ITE and JIE implementation are somewhat different. We started with significant consolidation, while DoD has a slightly different approach to doing that. But I think in the end we’ll both get significant benefits out of it.

The second piece to this is the work we are doing in partnership with the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA). We have requirements within the IC for Secret domain and unclassified domain hosting for information and computer systems.

NGA, for example, has a public mission to support the Federal Emergency Management Agency and other agencies in emergencies and disasters, and so from time to time has to operate on the open Internet. There are other agencies as well, such as the Open Source Center within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, that operate on the Internet for the work they do.

So there are requirements to come up with solutions to provide secure platforms for them to operate in, similar to what we’re doing on the TS side. I talked to Lieutenant General Hawkins at DISA to see if they were interested in working with us to come up with some business models on how we could do that. We’re talking about Secret level hosting, with a cloud infrastructure similar to what IC ITE will provide on the TS domain. We want to see if they could do that for us on a business model that will involve cost recovery so we can start consolidating our requirements there. When I spoke at AFCEA’s recent JIE conference, we had just kicked off a meeting, and we have had subsequent meetings where we’re continuing to mature those plans. Hawkins and I are leading the development of that plan. At the end of the day, it’s going to be a good partnership, but we still have a lot of things to work through.

contracts, and doesn’t require you to deal with the traditional acquisition process to buy hardware and resources, it takes a lot of time out of the equation to provide capabilities for mission. I think it provides us significant agility, and also comes with disaster recovery capabilities and automatic backing up of data. On the efficiency side, we’ll see. We’re not counting on a huge amount of savings at this point, until we get transitioned and can see how things go. But by bringing in the Amazon cloud, we’re bringing in commercial services into our infrastructure, and our expectation is that they will bring the innovation and the same capabilities that they are providing on the Internet inside the IC for us to have. We hope that the costs of those kinds of services will remain competitive with what is available on the market. Cloud is here to stay, and it is the future for the community. I don’t believe we have yet begun to explore all the innovation and capabilities that it will bring over time, but we certainly like the idea of agility, effectiveness and improved security.

Q: What is your vision for the governance framework that will guide IC ITE in the future?

A: Industry has a big role to play in this over time. Initially, we started doing consolidation, which shrinks footprints and reduces the amount of funding that is available for infrastructure services. But what I try to point out to industry is that there are some huge opportunities in the future if you look at the innovation space that will occur. That’s where I think they ought to focus—think about the vision for this, and what this platform is going to look like once we start scaling the adoption, and then look for those opportunities for innovation on this new platform.

Any time there has been disruptive or revolutionary change in technology, that has always driven innovation to occur, such as from desktops to laptops to tablets, as well as the creation of the Internet and all the e-commerce that has evolved. The same kind of innovation will occur here, but we’re so focused on getting this in place and transitioning agencies to start using this that we haven’t focused a lot on the future innovation, which I think will come over time. That’s important for industry to understand and focus on. The other thing is that industry can also help us now as we continue to march forward with this strategy. I tell them that we can use the help of the people who are inside the community now supporting the various agencies in figuring out how to make the adoption and transition easier. O

A: As I mentioned, we have pretty robust governance now, which we have to have for the scale of change that we’re talking about.

I see it evolving into a more routine operational scenario. We don’t have all the details yet, but we’re beginning to modify it from when we started to adjust to the operational environment.

We’re still scaling and bringing in other services for the foundational pieces of IC ITE, but at the same time we now have an operational IC ITE. So we’re starting to jell on those processes for governance. I gave you an example earlier about how we have a single process within the community for IT operations, where before it was all individually by agencies. We’re starting to come together on that, and I think it will come together over time. Eventually, when we’re at a steady state, it will be more about operations and less about change management and similar issues.

Q: What roles do you see for public, private and hybrid clouds in the new IC IT infrastructure?

A: Cloud for us brings in all kinds of huge opportunities. First of all, when you can have an infrastructure that expands and 18 | GIF 12.6

Q: How has your lengthy CIA experience shaped your approach to your current job?

A: When I first met with Director Clapper about this job, I shared with him some of the experiences that I had at the agency about trying to drive to an enterprise data layer, to bring together the collectors and analysts in a way that they never operated before. The experiences there—and the heavy focus on security of data and how we protect it, the agility and global reach that the agency has—have, along with other experiences in my life, helped me be successful in my current role. I still try to reach back and provide consulting services when they ask me, although that’s rare because they have very sharp people.

Q: Is there anything else you would like to add?

www.GIF-kmi.com

IC Innovates in Search for Innovation DIA gateway enables companies to showcase new capabilities in a realistic environment.

By Harrison Donnelly, GIF Editor

The intelligence community is turning to innovative methods in its search for innovative, game-changing technological capabilities.

The latest effort to reach out in new ways to find non-traditional providers with new ideas was unveiled this summer by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), which demonstrated the DIA Innovation Gateway at its second annual Innovation Symposium.

The gateway is a website (www.igw.us) that enables companies and others with new capabilities or concepts to showcase them to mission users in a realistic emulation of the IC’s operational environment. The goal is to speed the acquisition process and open it up to those who may not have had access in the past, and to make it easier for those in government to find products that they may have been unaware of.

The recent announcement follows the launch last year of NeedipeDIA, another website (www.dia.mil/needipedia) where the agency lists its technology needs and solicits responses from industry and academia on how to meet them. The site recently led to its first contract award.

The DIA efforts are similar to the GEOINT Solutions Marketplace, a National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency pilot project that operates an online exchange for government, vendors and others, with the goal of changing the traditional contracting process.

In introducing the new gateway, DIA Chief Innovation Officer Dan Doney focused on the need to find “disruptive” technological innovations that may develop without much attention from outside experts, but suddenly burst upon the scene to transform an industry.

“We need to find new models where we can discover those things that are out there, and we can have the disruptive technology www.GIF-kmi.com

prove its worth to us before we invest heavily in it,” Doney said. “There are a lot of claims made by industry that are completely accurate in a different context than the IC’s.

When you apply those capabilities in this context, it turns out the results are not as grand as we thought. But there are times when what seem like outrageous claims really are true.”

The site will give companies and others a place where they can demonstrate their capabilities to selected government users, who in turn can test the systems to see if they meet their unique needs.

The first stage of development has been to have eight companies selected by a competitive solicitation create their own sites within the gateway, where potential users can try them out using representative data.

The companies, which offered brief presentations of their capabilities at the innovation symposium, included both a large defense integrator and a number of more specialized providers, including Altamira Technologies, MapLarge, SitScape and SpaceCurve.

“We’ve got to tie together the mission user and the technologist, and close the capability gap,” Doney urged. “There’s a tremendous amount of talent out there that we can’t, from a national security perspective, afford not to have our mission users take advantage of it.”

NeedipeDIA, meanwhile, is well underway, with a total of 17 needs currently being listed and others coming out periodically.

While some of the needs address specific requirements, the bulk are more general, covering such categories as preventing strategic surprise, supporting contingency response, enhancing counterintelligence and security, enhancing technical collection and empowering partnerships.

The listing for preventing strategic surprise, for example, seeks ways for the agency

to “continue enhancing its ability to perform long-term strategic analysis, including analysis of current and potential adversaries’ scientific, technological and weapons capabilities, and improve the integration of all intelligence capabilities to better anticipate, monitor and convey warning intelligence and policy-related opportunities.”

In partnership with NGA, the site recently issued a new need concerning activity-based intelligence, as well as one addressing the growing global phenomenon of “megacities.”

The initial NeedipeDIA site is unclassified. Recognizing that it has many needs that it can’t discuss publicly, however, the agency in May launched a classified version.

In an effort to reach companies that may have solutions for needs that it does not want to reveal to potential adversaries, but that do not have security clearance, DIA is also planning a sensitive-but-unclassified site to be launched this fall.

So far, the main site has received an enthusiastic response from industry, with a total of more than 240 white papers being submitted from 133 vendors, 80 percent of which have been outside traditional contracting ranks. Of those, 50 have been selected for further review, including oral interviews.

Doney summed up the vision of NeedipeDIA this way: “The real challenge is the unknown knowns, where we didn’t know we needed it, but the solution exists out there. The heart of innovation is in that category, because there are a ton of things that already exist that are much better than we have. We’ve got to be able to tap into those effectively.” O For more information, contact GIF Editor Harrison Donnelly at harrisond@kmimediagroup. com or search our online archives for related stories at www.gif-kmi.com.

GIF 12.6 | 19

Airbus Defense and Space Opens Big Toolbox Satellite constellation offers a comprehensive array of methods for intelligence and other customers to observe the Earth.

With the scheduled launch later this year of a partner satellite that will round out its own satellite constellation, European defense giant Airbus Defense and Space is strengthening its position in the international remote sensing market with a comprehensive array of methods for intelligence and other customers to observe the Earth.

The Spanish PAZ satellite will complete a fleet that also includes two other radar-based orbiting sensor systems, as well as four electro/optical satellites, two of which alone are able to collect data on an area the size of the continental United States every day. The significance for users, according to executives of U.S.-based Airbus Defense and Space, Geo Intelligence, is that Greg Buckman they will be able to get access to fresh imagery and data of any spot on the globe within 24 hours in the best format for capturing the information they need.

Moreover, the images will be easier than ever to acquire, thanks to a recent agreement with GIS giant Esri under which the 1 million daily users of ArcGIS software, ordering online, will be able to task the Pléiades and SPOT satellites to capture new imagery of any area.

Rounding out the company’s range of services is the WorldDEM program, launched spring of 2014, which offers poleto-pole homogenous coverage of the globe at unrivaled accuracy and quality.

20 | GIF 12.6

By Harrison Donnelly, GIF Editor

As Greg Buckman, managing director, North America of Airbus Defense and Space, Geo Intelligence, observed recently, “It’s been an exciting few years in being able to launch all the satellites, and even more exciting now, as we’re able to use them.”

Diverse Constellation The Airbus Defense and Space constellation comprises the following satellites: • Pléiades 1A and Pléiades 1B, which operate as a constellation in the same orbit, phased 180 degrees apart. The identical twin satellites deliver very-high-resolution optical data products in record time and offer a daily revisit capability to any point on the globe.

• SPOT 6 and SPOT 7, the latest in the company’s longrunning series of optical satellites. They offer 1.5-meterresolution natural-color products, orthorectified as standard; multi-year coverage of entire national territories; daily revisits to any point on the globe; and the ability to accommodate last-minute tasking requests. SPOT 7 was launched in June, and is currently in a three-month in-orbit testing phase before its images are made commercially available.

• TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X, which acquire high-resolution and wide-area radar images independent of the weather conditions. The two spacecraft fly in a close formation at distances of only a few hundred meters, recording data synchronously. The unique twin satellite constellation www.GIF-kmi.com

enabled creation of the company’s WorldDEM global digital elevation models. They will be joined by the virtually identical PAZ satellite, owned and operated by Hisdesat, which will operate in the same orbit.

That diversity is critical, Buckman explained. “What makes it a true constellation is that it uses multiple technologies, including synthetic aperture radar-based satellites as well as E/O satellites. Within those range of satellites, we have many different resolutions available to customers as well.”

“With the sub-meter and 50 cm product capability of the Pléiades constellation, and the brand-new market of 1.5 meters with SPOT 6 and SPOT 7, it provides an incredible daily revisit opportunity that enables us to meet our customers’ requirements in a near-real-time capability,” he said.

“The SPOT 6/7 satellites are terrific not only at creating images that you can derive intelligence from, but also provide very wide coverage that is very useful in large-area change-detection applications,” Buckman continued. “For example, we can image Syria once a week, and put an algorithm on that, to find out where there have been changes.”

Moreover, the value of the radar satellites—whose WorldDEM product is already generating strong market interest—will only increase with the addition of PAZ, Buckman said. “We’ll have three active radar satellites, which will increase our ability to revisit an area more often, which is useful in surface movement monitoring. What we’re finding is a large increase in uptake, particularly in the mining community, which is looking to monitor centimeter- and millimeter-type change in the Earth’s surface, which enables them not only to increase miner safety, but also to plan mining activities.”

Content Services Under their recently announced partnership, Airbus Defense and Space and Esri have developed three new premium content services, which will provide ArcGIS Online users with an option to access Pléiades thematic imagery and customized monitoring services, and to directly task Airbus’s optical satellites online.

First, the Thematic Imagery layers consist of 50 cm natural color, orthorectified imagery in pre-packaged, themed datasets, such as airport imagery layers of Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Secondly, ArcGIS Online users will be able to task the Pléiades and SPOT satellites to acquire new imagery or search the extensive Airbus DS archive with an easy-to-use Satellite Tasking and Archive app. The user simply selects an area of interest and options for tasking and archive display on the screen.

Once acquired, imagery is automatically produced and delivered through the user’s ArcGIS Online account.

Lastly, the Site Monitoring service offers a detailed analysis of change detection over pre-selected sites, or the users can choose their own site to be monitored.

“When you look at the Esri user community, you have over 1 million users per day accessing ArcGIS online,” Buckman said.

“Each one of those users, when they are in the online environment, are able to search for an area of interest to meet their need, and actually task one of the satellites in our constellation to acquire imagery, whether the next day or week, or in the past. That provides a whole new user-community access to the www.GIF-kmi.com

Airbus Defense and Space customers will be able to gain access to fresh imagery and data on any spot on the globe within 24 hours, in the best format for their needs. [Images courtesy of Airbus Defense and Space, Geo Intelligence]

E/O constellation. It’s very simple and easy, and to think that a million people a day have the opportunity to control the next image capture, that’s pretty groundbreaking.”

Looking over all his company’s offerings, Buckman offered this perspective: “The first significance is the ability to have a satellite constellation such that, regardless of where on the globe your area of interest is, one of our satellites will be there within 24 hours, and sometimes within a few hours. It’s not a matter if we can image it, but of how fast you need the image.

“By using that capability, and leveraging the large-area change-detection offering, a lot of our defense and intelligence customers will be able to utilize some of their own private assets that may not be available to the public, and be better able to train and use those assets based on the information provided by some of the large-area coverage satellites,” he added.

“Every time we talk to our customers, they all tell us that there is no one resolution or technology of Earth observation that meets all of their requirements. That’s what unique about Airbus Defense and Space—having a multi-resolution, multi-technology constellation, the only one that is available in the world today,” Buckman said.

“It isn’t always about the best resolution,” he continued. “It’s about a number of things, including capability, availability and using multiple resources to derive the information to provide the actionable intelligence that helps meet the customer’s requirements. We’ve got a big toolbox, and we listen to what the customer requirements are, and then provide the proper tool.” O

For more information, contact GIF Editor Harrison Donnelly at harrisond@kmimediagroup.com or search our online archives for related stories at www.gif-kmi.com.

GIF 12.6 | 21

Esri conference shines spotlight on new geospatial products and services.

(Editor’s Note: At the recent Esri User’s Conference held in San Diego, Calif., companies unveiled a wide range of GEOINT-related products. Following is a selection of offerings released or highlighted at the conference.)

Premium Services Offer Monitoring, Thematic Imagery Airbus Defense and Space and Esri have developed three new premium content services to provide ArcGIS Online users with an option to access Pléiades and SPOT thematic imagery and customized monitoring services. For the first time on the ArcGIS Marketplace, users also can directly task Airbus Defense and Space’s optical satellites online.

The developments have been done under the umbrella of an agreement both companies have signed in order to provide a new level of geointelligence imagery and services through Esri’s ArcGIS Marketplace.

The ArcGIS Marketplace is a destination where ArcGIS Online users can search, discover, and get apps and data from qualified providers for use within their organization. The Airbus Defense and Space Premium Content Services listed in the Marketplace will be available to ArcGIS users worldwide.

Thematic Imagery layers consist of 50-cm natural color, orthorectified imagery in pre-packaged, themed datasets. As an example, airport imagery layers of Eastern Europe and the Middle East will be available as soon as the new services are launched. Thematic Imagery layers will be updated regularly, and brand new, themed imagery layers will be added to the Marketplace in the coming months.

ArcGIS Online users will also be able to order Pléiades and SPOT 6 (and soon 7) archive imagery with a Satellite Tasking and Archive app. The user simply selects an area of interest and options for tasking and archive display on the screen. For the first time, the ArcGIS user can task one of Airbus Defense and Space’ satellites, or select an image from the archive. Once acquired, imagery is automatically produced and delivered through the user’s ArcGIS Online account.

Lastly, Airbus Defense and Space’s site monitoring service offers a detailed analysis of change detection over pre-selected sites, or the users can choose their own site to be monitored.

Partnership Provides Analytics, Mapping and Collaboration SAP SE announced the general availability of new innovations, features and functionalities across the SAP HANA platform, analytics, mobile and business applications that are intended to strengthen and simplify integration with Esri’s geospatial services and content.

The partnership brings high-performance spatial analytics, self-service mapping and collaboration to geographic information system and business users to allow them to leverage real-time location intelligence in both their Esri and SAP environments.

SAP and Esri each support a large number of customers in assetintensive industries. The partnership between SAP and Esri facilitates the breakdown of information silos, spatially enables the enterprise, and simplifies the unlocking of shared data in SAP business applications and Esri GIS systems, equipping business users with a more complete picture to help make more informed and efficient decisions.

22 | GIF 12.6

Last year, SAP added native high-performance processing of spatial data to the SAP HANA platform. Now, SAP and Esri have delivered new functionality to help business users, GIS analysts and developers be more productive. Business users can run complex spatial queries on massive volumes of data in real time using SAP HANA via Esri Query Layers.

This functionality works to accelerate location analytics because Esri ArcGIS executes queries natively on SAP HANA closer to where the data resides. GIS analysts now have more direct access to business data, which they can enrich with geospatial context without having to move data between GIS and operational systems.

Software Streamlines Search for Geospatial Imagery LizardTech, a provider of software solutions for managing and distributing geospatial content, offered conference attendees an advance look at its new product, GeoGofer, a software solution for finding geospatial imagery quickly and efficiently. Available later this summer, GeoGofer was designed to streamline the process of finding, organizing and tracking geospatial imagery.

GeoGofer comes with powerful search and filter features to find imagery by keyword, by projection, by file format and more. With GeoGofer, users can browse all of their imagery on a single map, tag images for later use, and perform powerful queries using simple tools.

Users can search by modification date, by number of bands, or by resolution to find the imagery they need—when they need it.

GeoGofer integrates fully with Esri technology. It uses an existing ArcGIS Online subscription to store and query image information.

Additionally, if users have ArcMap installed on the same machine that runs GeoGofer, they can open images directly in ArcMap.

GEOINT Suite Integrated with GIS Software Pixia announced a new relationship with Esri to integrate its geospatial intelligence solutions into Esri’s ArcGIS Online portal for ArcGIS and ArcGIS MarketPlace. This relationship makes Pixia’s powerful suite of software services available to Esri users for the first time.

Pixia’s input-output engine provides Esri users unmatched speed and scalability to create access to high volumes of geospatial data, such as high-resolution imagery, wide-area motion imagery and full motion video. These services are complemented by tools that update data in near real-time to ensure all ArcGIS users, including those in remote locations, have access to new data as quickly as it’s collected.

“Providing simple access to this data for Esri users will greatly increase the value of this information and improve the workflow of analysts supporting decision making,” said Ben Conklin, lead for defense and intelligence solutions at Esri.

Software Automatically Fuses Multispectral Images Scene Sharp USA introduced the Fuze Go Plugin for ENVI, which gives users of Exelis’ ENVI software access to Fuze Go MS Sharp, www.GIF-kmi.com

a piece of automated multispectral image fusion software that can simultaneously fuse up to 30 spectral bands of data from inside the popular ENVI geospatial processing package.

The plugin gives users the option of accessing the Fuze Go MS Sharp software either within the ENVI workflow or outside of it so that fusion can be performed as a stand-alone application. This frees up the ENVI software license for other image processing activities.

No GIS or image processing experience is needed to utilize the Fuze Go tools.

Fuze Go is a fully automated technology that enables users to quickly and easily fuse data sets to add color to non-colorized satellite and aerial imagery with just a few mouse clicks. One of its most common applications is pan-sharpening. By colorizing image data, GIS users can visualize and extract richer information content from remotely sensed data to make better-informed decisions.

Scene Sharp USA also demonstrated the powerful processing capabilities in its Fuze Go SAR Sharp application, which was designed for more effective exploitation of data captured by satellite-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors. Fuze Go SAR Sharp fuses grayscale radar data with optical multispectral bands to colorize the SAR data set. An industry first is the Dynamic Reader, which allows preprocess, on-the-fly viewing of SAR imagery, with real-time adjustment of color intensity being added to the scene.

Visualization Application Supports Oblique Aerial Imagery Icaros, a provider of advanced aerial remote sensing and 3-D visualization solutions, introduced the Icaros Measurement Tool (IMT), a simple but powerful photogrammetric visualization application based on ArcGIS technologies. The IMT enables customers working within Esri’s GIS environment to view and measure structures in oblique aerial imagery captured by any commercial oblique sensor system, including those from Pictometry, Vexcel/Microsoft, IGI, Leica and Midas, as well as oblique sensors mounted on UAVs. IMT is specifically designed to make highly accurate vertical and horizontal 3-D measurements of structures and surfaces, including calculating distances, areas, slopes and azimuths in complex 3-D features.

Oblique imagery has for too long been limited by proprietary collection systems and metadata formats, according to company officials. Its usage beyond tax assessment and public safety applications is very rare. The Icaros vision is to expand the use, visualization and analysis of oblique aerial images into the entire spectrum of the GIS market with special focus on local and state government segments.

Beyond tax assessment and public safety, oblique analysis of structures can be beneficial to a host of new applications, such as facility management, pipeline corridor infrastructure monitoring, energy audits, economic development and asset management. In addition, as Esri users continue the move to 3-D, oblique imagery will be critical for constructing accurate image-based realistic 3-D models.

IMT enables users to manipulate and view oblique imagery while leveraging other geospatial data layers within their GIS environment.

This capability allows users to navigate multi-image scenes in three dimensions while zooming and panning. The software also provides an optional Icaros Digitizer Tool, which provides additional tools to extract physical building structures and digitize them into open format models. www.GIF-kmi.com

Software Bridges Interior, Exterior Environmental Data PenBay Solutions, a developer of GIS-based facility management and public safety software, introduced InVision 1.5. InVision software is built on the Esri ArcGIS platform to help users visualize, analyze and interpret data in ways that reach beyond individual buildings and site maps. InVision bridges the gap between managing exterior- and interior-built environments by aggregating all facility and infrastructure data from various sources into a single, comprehensive visual system for portfolio management, operations, and safety and security.

The 1.5 release of InVision software introduces several new features and enhancements with an emphasis on mobile capabilities. InVision 1.5 introduces mobile viewers for space management, asset management, campus viewing, security planning and security operations.

In addition, the InVision Secure Event Management Solution supports a range of activities and users throughout event planning, coordination and operations. With InVision Secure, users can coordinate plan creation, manage the review and approval process, and securely share information that is relevant to the safety and security of events.

Location Engine Tracks Mobile Resources CompassCom unveiled the CompassLDE Connector for the Esri ArcGIS GeoEvent Processor, allowing organizations to track the locations and status of their mobile resources—vehicles, smartphones, and other GPS-enabled assets—in real time on their Esri ArcGIS 10.2 platform. CompassLDE (Location Data Engine) is the universal automatic vehicle location and mobile resource management server.

Capable of integrating location and status data collected by any GPSequipped hardware and transmitted over most wireless communications carriers, CompassLDE tracks vehicles and other high-value assets in multiple fleets simultaneously for live display on a digital map. The server integrates hundreds of combinations of GPS-enabled hardware and wireless networks, both commercial and private.

The CompassLDE server is routinely used to monitor vehicle fleets and field crews by public works departments, public safety agencies, trucking companies, departments of transportation and all levels of government. As a universal server, CompassLDE interfaces with GPS hardware from Trimble, Motorola, Sierra Wireless, CalAmp, and any GPS-enabled smartphone or tablet computer. CompassLDE may be purchased for on-premises operation or accessed as a service hosted by CompassCom, a provider of best-in-class mobile resource management solutions since 1994.

The ArcGIS GeoEvent Processor for Server allows Esri customers to connect their GIS data with almost any type of streaming data from sensor networks for which connectors have been developed.

The CompassLDE Connector offers the most plug-and-play options to link AVL and MRM tracking to Esri GeoEvent Processor. With CompassLDE Connector and ArcGIS 10.2 (and later), organizations can track nearly any GPS-enabled resource that is transmitting data over most wireless networks and view the information instantly from their Esri ArcGIS server. O

For more information, contact GIF Editor Harrison Donnelly at harrisond@kmimediagroup.com or search our online archives for related stories at www.gif-kmi.com.

GIF 12.6 | 23

The geospatial dimension of IT infrastructure can play an important role in securing networks and systems.

By Peter Buxbaum, GIF Correspondent

Beyond that, combining geospatial with cyber enables a much Amid a growing realization that the geospatial dimension of IT more sophisticated understanding of systems and their threats and infrastructure can play an important role in securing networks and vulnerabilities than does the logical alone. Identifying the geospasystems, a number of companies are designing offerings that combine tial location of the origin of an attack can give clues about who is those two dimensions. behind the attack and what they are after, prompting an appropriThe logical mapping of cyber-infrastructures has been considered ate response. Using systems that combine geospatial and cyber-data a best practice for controlling and securing information and network allows analysts to understand the impact of physical events on cyberassets for some time. That kind of mapping shows how assets are consecurity and vice versa. nected in cyberspace and how data moves from one area of the net“The key to securing cyberspace is to be able to detect probwork to the next without regard to their geographic proximity. lems early and remediate them quickly,” said Ken Stoni, defense Adding a geospatial dimension to network mapping may seem account manager at Esri. “Analyzing just cyber-data superfluous at first, since the security emphasis in can take you only so far. We believe cyber-intrusions recent years has been to implement layers of software. will become more visible at an earlier stage in the These can be applied anywhere in cyberspace from a attack process if we can integrate cyber with other central control operation. datasets from other domains.”

Understanding the convergence of geospatial intel“You can better secure cyber-assets if you underligence and cybersecurity begins with the fact that not stand the geospatial aspects of IT,” said Russ Holder, all threats to IT infrastructure occur in cyberspace. vice president of complex systems engineering at Acts of sabotage or warfare or natural disasters can Intergraph Government Solutions. “Knowing where have an impact on far-flung networks and systems. an attack is coming from is beneficial to figuring out Knowing where these are occurring in the physiwhat type of data may be compromised and implecal world enables organizations to fix them and work Russ Holder menting the proper contingencies. Providing a map around compromised infrastructure components until view of cyber-threats provides useful information to those seeking to they are fixed. It also enables organizations to apply physical defenses secure the cyber-domain.” to cyber-assets.

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www.GIF-kmi.com

If the alerts are concentrated within a particular organizational function such as research and development, however, the organization is likely under attack from an adversary trying to steal intellectual property.

“The cyber-facts are the same in both cases, but the appropriate response to each is completely different,” said Stoni. “In this case, including a single noncyber variable, office function, provides a context that leads us to draw drastically different conclusions. This ability to generate various views by aggregating cyberdata, overlaying it on a GIS background, and trendJim Youker ing within that context could improve organizational agility in assessing and responding appropriately to cyber-threats.”

The same convergence can also aid in predicting Common Framework the next series of attacks, according to Lloyd. “Bad guys tend to use lateral movements to move on to RedSeal Networks, a cybersecurity company, is other machines once they are inside an organization’s involved in a joint project with Esri, the maker of web of trust,” he explained. “Mapping which machines ArcGIS, to integrate their two systems to produce just are dependent on others is a routine part of cybersuch a common picture. mapping. Adding the geospatial element aids in under“We and Esri share the belief that there are imporstanding how an attacker can find another sequence tant things we can do by mixing these two disciplines of machines to invade by leapfrogging and getting together,” said Mike Lloyd, RedSeal’s chief technolMike Lloyd through deeper levels of defenses.” ogy officer. “To understand whether there are gaps in The Esri-RedSeal partnership intends to marry up ArcGIS with cyber-defenses, you need cyber-analysis. Once you find the gap, one RedSeal’s cybersecurity capabilities. “ArcGIS consumes various types alternative is to monitor the area for unusual activity with a sensor. of data, conducts analysis, and places it into context to enable deciBut you need to go there to install that sensor physically.” sion-making. Our customers use our platform to align imagery with Esri sees its GIS software as providing a common framework to their datasets, such as road networks, population densities, and annointegrate data from dissimilar activities in an effort to enable bettations, to enhance imagery’s value to analysts and decision-makers. ter decision-making. “Physical disturbances such as flooding, loss of We are applying a similar approach to cyber-data,” said Stoni. power and sabotage can generate cyber-effects,” said Stoni. “CyberThe strength of RedSeal’s software lies in its ability to analyze disturbances and attacks can have physical effects. All of these variconfiguration files to produce models of the relationship of network ous dependencies must be recognized and understood in the context components to each other. “RedSeal’s analytic capabilities can then of an organization’s most important mission at any given time. A be used to determine the reach of a compromised host,” Stoni added. space-time framework can provide a single model that aligns these “This allows computer security teams to organize their work based on dissimilar activities. the damage that could be caused by a compromised host rather than “Geospatial technology’s unique contribution is its ability prioritizing based on the attack type. This provides a means to mount to support cross-discipline analysis and visualization,” he added. defense in depth by countering adversary activity at the pivot point “It is the only viable option for the foundation for a truly common rather than on an organization’s most critical devices.” operational picture.”

In combining the existing RedSeal and Esri capabilities, the comKnowledge of the location of the origin of cyber-attacks enables panies seek to identify the critical devices for each mission and then a better understanding of those attacks, noted Holder. “Actors from precisely identify the attack surface for each device. This will allow Eastern Europe are typically after financial information. Hackers security personnel to identify and remediate vulnerabilities before the from China are after technology. Access to specific websites and datamission data flows are impacted. “We believe this will lead to organibases and after-hours activities can also provide clues. All of this inforzational agility when dealing with cyber-threats,” said Stoni. mation can help in an assessment of data that may be compromised “Both sides are quite sophisticated in their respective domains,” or vulnerable and where an organization needs to shore up security.” added Lloyd. “Even the simplest level of mapping can have an enorCombining geospatial and cybersecurity capabilities can promous payoff for what-if planning. Analysts will query the system for vide the context that can allow cyber-professionals to quickly identhe cyber-implications of a bomb being dropped in a specific physitify important cyber events. For example, an organization’s intrusion cal location. And vice versa: How will a specific cyber-event have an detection system may generate alerts on 1,000 suspicious transactions. impact on the physical infrastructure?”

“Displaying the alerts in a list of source and destination IP addresses doesn’t reduce the uncertainty regarding how the intrusions impact the organization’s mission or whether the intrusions Geolocation Awareness constitute an attack,” said Stoni. “But if we create context by aligning IP addresses to organizational function, we can begin to associate SOCET GXP is BAE Systems’ desktop solution for the analysis each suspicious activities to those functions. If we find that suspicious of imagery. The company has in recent years introduced new, cloudactivities are randomly distributed across organizational functions, based iterations of these tools, which allow analysts to combine data then we’d likely respond by improving network hygiene.” from a variety of sources to create a federated situational view.

“Hackers, whether they are working for state actors or non-state actors, all have to work from somewhere,” said Jim Youker, business development manager for BAE Systems’ Geospatial eXploitation Products. “Places like Internet cafes and things like antennas can be identified, watched and assessed to determine potential threats and schemes that can do harm to infrastructure. Activity-based intelligence and predictive analytics can be used based on knowledge of patterns of life to understand the intent of bad actors and to formulate responses. Converging cyber-information and geospatial data is important in building a cyber common operating picture.”

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GIF 12.6 | 25

“Each network component has a specific geolocation,” said Youker. “That is the fundamental starting point and foundation for situational awareness. We add an information layer on top of that to enable better threat assessments and awareness to better protect infrastructure. Our customers are using our tools and technologies to build deterrence and response systems that are intended to protect critical infrastructure.”

Each user has the ability to overlay unique sets of data on top of the SOCET GXP map view. “Military customers are concerned about airfields, ports, road networks, and areas where garrisons are billeted and positioned for theater response,” said Youker. “Each of these locations is served by the power grid, which is controlled by online systems. Threats and their origins can also be mapped.”

Intergraph’s GeoMedia product has been used to map cyber-incidents on a map to reveal hot spots. “The incidents can be cross-referenced with geospatial data to develop notions of whether specific geolocations represent high, medium or low levels of risk,” said Holder. “These tools can also be used to map areas of vulnerability based on poor configuration management.”

Mobile devices checked out to individuals without security updates become vulnerabilities if they are lost or stolen. “Last known individuals using the device, the last known configuration of the device, what software was loaded on the device, and what activity the device was engaged in can all be mapped geospatially,” said Holder.

“If you know where a compromised device is located, you may know where an attack is coming from,” added Tom Babst, executive manager of cybersecurity at Intergraph Government Solutions.

Intergraph is currently working with a U.S. government customer to map locations of all cyber, physical and security assets. “The agency will be provided with a dashboard that will provide information on assets that may be under attack so alerts can be sent out,” said Babst. “Operators will be able to double-click on assets and interface with those assets.”

While the Esri-RedSeal project is still in its early stages, Esri’s vision is to transform ArcGIS into a platform to secure cyberspace by leveraging its strength for the collection, analysis and distribution of enterprise data from various organizational disciplines.

“We believe that only minor configuration will be required to integrate the disparate datasets offering a common model for analysis,” said Stoni. “Use of the ArcGIS platform by both the operational and research communities should increase the speed of knowledge transfer.

“We’ll know we’ve succeeded when the community can use our platform to create ensemble models that incorporate all types of organizational data and deliver recommendations to decision-makers. The goal is to show cyber-impact assessments derived from multiple models on a single visualization. We are currently focusing our efforts on a few pilot projects,” he said.

Stoni believes that smart segmentation of the vast amount of data being generated is key to producing recommendations for high-quality decisions. “We’re looking at ways to conduct an assessment of network resiliency,” he said. “To do that we can create a cyber-model, fail a device in the model, and then determine if an alternate path through the network exists.”

If an alternative path exists, the model can be considered resilient to the loss of the device in question. “When we find a device where an alternate route doesn’t exist, we can say that the model is brittle, making that particular device key cyber-terrain since malfunction will cause mission degradation.”

26 | GIF 12.6

The same kind of system can also model disturbances as the subdevice level. “What happens if we fail one interface at a time?” said Stoni. “We’ll definitely need the help of cybersecurity researchers to adequately address these challenges. Esri’s role will be providing support to those researchers and ensure their work can be easily delivered to the operational community using the ArcGIS platform.”

Software Evolution Stoni sees the cyber-use of ArcGIS as another step in the evolution of the system. ArcGIS was originally intended for cartographers, but soon became of use to professionals in other disciplines.

“The federal government then saw value in our ability to fuse multiple sources of data produced by intelligence operations and garnered from open sources to aid command and control,” he said. “We see cyber as an extension of this trajectory, with one minor difference.

Cyber will make use of the technology and knowledge gained from all of these disciplines. For us, cyber is just the next step in geo-enabling the enterprise.”

That goal will involve the ability to generate common operating pictures (COP) in multiple domains. “We see the coordination of cyber-disciplines as an intermediate step to a variety of integrated COPs,” said Stoni. “We think the ability to integrate all relevant data, encapsulate it, analyze it and allow interaction through a modern user interface will provide significant value.

“Creating a COP must involve more than just plotting different types of data on a common visualization,” he continued. “COPs must provide explicit models that show impacts which can be questioned, discussed, debated, modified and re-run many times during group decision-making processes if they are to be of value to the modern organization.”

The continued proliferation of mobile assets will make cybersecurity all the more challenging, according to Holder. It also will increase the utility of geospatial tools in aid of cybersecurity. “Everyone is excited about the use of wireless devices, but they are also concerned about the cyber-implications,” he said. “The use of geospatial tools in that type of environment becomes all that much more important.”

“You need to be able to tell when those mobile devices enter a building, and to do some tracking about where a person is using a mobile device and if that use is authorized,” Babst explained.

“We’ve got the technology to track mobile devices out of doors, but the key is going to be the indoors tracking of those devices,” said Holder. “When mobile devices enter a facility they can get on the internal network, so it would be nice to track those devices and see who brought them in. We’re working on that but we’re not quite there yet.”

Lloyd summed up the issue this way: “The cyber game is unfair, and the bad guys have the advantage. They need only one pathway to get into a system, but you have to know all the pathways and block them. You need to exploit every advantage. If you need physical access to a device, you need to know where it exists in physical and virtual space. To think you can do everything in the cyber-world is to give up the ability to defend oneself physically. That is why it is interesting to link these two domains.” O

For more information, contact GIF Editor Harrison Donnelly at harrisond@kmimediagroup.com or search our online archives for related stories at www.gif-kmi.com.

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GIF RESOURCE CENTER

Compiled by KMI Media Group staff

Advertisers Index BAE Systems.............................................................................................. 1 www.baesystems.com/gxp BAE Systems............................................................................................C3 www.baesystems.com/gxpwebview Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp........................................................ 3 www.ballaerospace.com Defense Strategies Institute..................................................................... 8 http://bigdatasymposium.dsigroup.org

DigitalGlobe........................................................................................... C2 http://worldview3.digitalglobe.com General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems................................. 1 www.gd-ais.com General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems...............................C4 www.gd-ais.com Quantum................................................................................................... 7 www.quantum.com/geospatial

Calendar September 15-17, 2014 Air and Space Conference National Harbor, Md. www.afa.org

September 18-19, 2014 Intelligence and National Security Summit Washington, D.C. www.insaonline.org

September 24-26, 2014 Modern Day Marine Quantico, Va. www.marinemilitaryexpos.com

NGA ISSUE

NEXTISSUE

October 2014 Vol. 12, Issue 7

The Magazine of the National Intelligence Community

Cover and In-Depth Interview with:

Maj. Gen. Mark R. Quantock

Military Deputy National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

Who’s Who National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

Features • Imagery Enhancement • Mission Planning

• ISR Data Storage • Feature Extraction

• LiDAR

Insertion Order Deadline: September 23, 2014 • Ad M aterial Deadline: September 30, 2014

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GIF 12.6 | 27

INDUSTRY INTERVIEW

Geospatial Intelligence Forum

George Demmy Chief Technology Officer TerraGo George Demmy is chief technology officer (CTO) and one of the founding members of TerraGo Technologies. In the role of CTO, he has responsibilities for oversight of various product and technical initiatives at TerraGo. During his tenure at TerraGo, Demmy has held roles in product development, architecture, marketing and management, and continues to participate in these and other aspects of company business. Working from requirements from both regulated industries as well as those from federal agencies, Demmy helped pioneer the use of georeferenced documents, which resulted in TerraGo’s patented GeoPDF technologies.

Q: Please give our readers an update on some of the newest developments at TerraGo. A: We have been focused on helping organizations truly harness the mobile workforce to enhance overall effectiveness and decision-making. A major driver of this is the fact that by 2015, 37 percent of the workforce will be fully mobile, according to a recent IDC report.

To help meet the demands of the new mobile world, we recently launched TerraGo Edge, our new open collaboration solution for mobile workflows that immediately syncs field data with headquarters and other mobile workers.

This new solution enables mobile workers and field crews to easily take notes and photos, assign tasks, and share data in real time. It is easy to use and enables the enterprise to embrace the bring-your-owndevice promise of improved productivity, ease of use and seamless networking.

In addition, organizations can now create intelligent, portable notebooks customized for their unique areas of interest and specialized workflows. TerraGo Edge notebooks contain all the forms, documents, maps and imagery needed by remote workers, securely delivering realtime data to and from users at the “edge of the enterprise.” And fortunately, the solution is available with the simple tap of a smartphone.

28 | GIF 12.6

multiple mission areas, including military operations and intelligence analysis.

Warfighters and other field personnel can record observations and immediately get the information back to the command, minimizing delays waiting for damage assessments, location reports, geography surveys or human intelligence.

Q: How does TerraGo Edge support the “every soldier is a sensor” mantra?

A: We all recall how more than 10 years ago, the U.S. Army began the mantra “every soldier is a sensor.” The reality is that this concept was more prophecy than fact, due to the pen-and-paper reporting done from the battlefield.

Things are much different today, with mobile devices linked and applications sharing geospatial data back and forth between command and the field. This new capability allows the warfighter to have enhanced situational awareness and better anticipate threats ahead.

TerraGo Edge makes the sharing of location intelligence simple and easy.

Soldiers can now seamlessly collaborate in real time and ultimately support organizational networking in ways that mirror sharing information on social networks.

Q: While TerraGo Edge seems ideal for many industries, why is it beneficial for the defense and intelligence world?

A: Since timely, accurate geospatial intelligence is a strategic advantage for policymakers and warfighters, the quality of this intelligence is paramount and can spell the difference between mission success and failure.

For many years, getting intelligence from the battlefield to leaders and commanders to support strategic and tactical decisions has been a challenge. Data can often be disorganized or simply just arrive too late to be operationally effective.

The concept of real-time actionable intelligence has never really fully come to life, until now. TerraGo Edge supports

Q: In your opinion, where do you see GEOINT innovations headed in the future?

A: The future will continue to be all about mobility. From state and local governments to utilities and our military, mission and operational effectiveness will be achieved through highly nimble workforces who are highly productive in the field.

In addition, mobility will drive our national security efforts. While there is less of a focus on Iraq and Afghanistan lately, we will continue to have a need for our military efforts in other parts of the planet—especially from a disaster response and humanitarian perspective.

The ability to seamlessly share information from the field in real time will ultimately save lives.

From a technological perspective, we will also see more advances in big data analytics and cloud-based systems. All of this points to a “democratization of data,” where information will no longer reside in silos. Furthermore, we will see military organizations moving away from using cumbersome GIS systems and toward embracing simplified mobile app-based solutions.

Data collaboration will be as easy as pushing one button, which will continue to be vital in regions with little or no connectivity. The future will be all about agile app-based solutions that are as easy to use as Instagram.

It is an exciting time in the geospatial arena. New solutions are actually bringing the long-held vision of real-time geospatial data sharing to life. We are excited to be offering a solution that is at the forefront of mobile data collaboration. O www.GIF-kmi.com

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Integrated with the GXP Xplorer®discovery and management tool, GXP WebView delivers immediate access to imagery and data discovered across the entire enterprise as quickly and easily as if it were stored locally. Together, they significantly shorten product generation time, streamline your workflow, and give you the power to deliver more with less.

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