UW-Stevenes Point Art 211 Sec 1 - 2016 by kmurray2336

Design Skills Workbook

Kevin Murray Art 211 Sec. 1 2016 Julie Sitler

Design Workb

n Skills book

Table of Contents Adobe Creative Cloud-------------------------------------------- 5 InDesign------------------------------------------------------------ 8 Photoshop--------------------------------------------------------- 18 Illustrator----------------------------------------------------------- 28 Type & Color------------------------------------------------------- 34 Printing Process -------------------------------------------------- 38 Extra Information-------------------------------------------------- 42 Projects------------------------------------------------------------- 46 Glossary------------------------------------------------------------ 50 Works Cited ------------------------------------------------------- 58

Adobe Creative Cloud

Working in the Campus Labs

When you are working on your files, you can save them to the folder on your Desktop. You MUST copy your files to your MyFiles before you leave the computer station otherwise you will not be able to access it from another computer. You NEED to delete your local files off the Desktop before you leave. Computer labs 172 and 190 are available to access from 7:00am-12:00pm. Other than my files, you can back up your files using a flash drive, laptop, basecamp, or an external drive. Use at least one or two of these in addition to MyFiles.

Accessing my files from off campus

Log on to the University website. Select myPoint and log on using your student information. Select Academic Tab Under student computing services select myfiles – network storage for students. On the right hand side, select Access myfiles off campus Follow directions based on the operating system on computer you are currently using. For Windows 10, follow these steps to access MyFiles: 1 Open the File Explorer from the taskbar or Start Menu 2 Click on “This PC” 3 Click on the Computer button next to the Files tab, and click on the Map Network Drive. 4 Next, Click on “Connect to a Web site that you can use to store your documents and pictures”. 5 Once the new window opens, click next. 6 Choose a custom network location when prompted to, then click Next. 7 Type https://myfiles.uwsp.edu/your_UWSP_username, the click Next. Example: https://myfiles.uwsp.edu/jbay123 8 Enter your username and password when asked to, then click OK. 9 Name your network and then click Next.

Adobe Creative Cloud (CC)

Photoshop is a pixel based software that is best used for manipulation of photos and creation of artwork. Illustrator, on the other hand, is a vector based program that excels in making posters and other designed flyers. InDesign is a software that is mainly used for text documents such as books and manuals. Each of these programs are best used for particular things, but in most cases, a combination of work from all of three when making something.

Changing the Unit (and Increment) Preferences in Creative Cloud (CC)

You can change the preference for each program by clicking the software icon in the upper left hand corner. (On a Mac, on a PC it is at the bottom of the Edit tab) Select the preference tab, For InDesign, select Units & Increments, change horizontal and vertical to inches (or other unit depending on your application) using the drop down arrow. For Illustrator, select Units, change general to inches (or other unit depending on your application) using the drop down arrow. For Photoshop, select Units & Rulers, change ruler to inches (or other unit depending on your application) using the drop down arrow. Text size and stroke size should be kept in the point format.

inDesign

Creating an InDesign File

Open up Adobe InDesign. In order to start a new file in InDesign, you can do one of two things. You can go to File, and then click New, or you can go to the presets tab at the startup and select a suitable size for your file. The New Document Window will pop up. Some things that you will need to figure out when starting a new document are: 1. Picking the number of pages that you will need. 2. Deciding whether you want to have Facing Pages or not for your document. 3. The size of the page that you will be using. 4. The width and height of the margins. 5. The amount of bleed and slug that you will use. Click OK. Save File.

File Naming Convention

To keep track of multiple projects it is important in use a file naming convention that makes sense and is consistent. Example: murrayk_DesignWorkbook_01.indd It is also important to keep iterations on a regular basis for two reasons. 1. It allows you to backtrack to a different design if needed. 2. It provides an additional form of file backup â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in the event that the current file is lost due to power failure, computer failure or human error.

Organizing your Files

Make a Folder (Directory) for each project you work on. All CC files, content, Word documents, images and other stuff related to the project are stored inside this main folder. Create sub-folders for the kinds of content. Some Sub-folders that could prove to be useful would be having a screenshots folder, a notes folder, or a source folder. These would help keep your main folder organized and clutter-free.

Creating and InDesign File Open up Adobe InDesign.

In order to start a new file in InDesign, you can do one of two things. You can go to File, and then click New, or you can go to the presets tab at the startup and select a suitable size for your file. The New Document Window will pop up. Some things that you will need to figure out when starting a new document are: 1. Picking the number of pages that you will need. 2. Deciding whether you want to have Facing Pages or not for your document. 3. The size of the page that you will be using. 4. The width and height of the margins. 5. The amount of bleed and slug that you will use. Click OK. Save File. -- File Naming Convention-To keep track of multiple projects it is important in use a file naming convention that makes sense and is consistent. Example: murrayk_DesignWorkbook_01.indd It is also important to keep iterations on a regular basis for two reasons. 1. It allows you to backtrack to a different design if needed. 2. It provides an additional form of file backup â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in the event that the current file is lost due to power failure, computer failure or human error.

Oganizing your Files Make a Folder (Directory) for each project you work on.

All CC files, content, Word documents, images and other stuff related to the project are stored inside this main folder. Create sub-folders for the kinds of content. Some Sub-folders that could prove to be useful would be having a screenshots folder, a notes folder, or a source folder. These would help keep your main folder organized and clutter-free

Taking a Screen Shot Sometimes it is necessary to record or document things from your screen to use as personal reference or as a record of things you are doing. To do this you can take a screen shot. On a Mac computer select the keys: (Cmd+ Shift + 4) to get a Crosshairs cursor. With this you can draw around what you want to capture. (This will automatically save the file as a PNG file onto the desktop.)

Filler Text InDesign offers a feature in which you are able to fill a text box with fake copy.

1. Create a text box 2. Click in the box, and then go to the Type tab 3. At the bottom of the list, click on the “Fill with Placeholder Text” In the Graphic Design industry this fake text is commonly called Lorem Ipsum. (Lorem Ipsum is a generated random text that people are able to use in order to see what a text box may look like when filled out without actually using their actual text.)

Loading the cursor (Loading a cursor is when you overfill a text box and need to continue the text to another page. You can

click the red box in the corner of the first text box and load the curser. You can then load the cursor, and bring it over to the next page, and create a new text box for the remaining text.)

Bottom Information panel At the bottom of the document window is an informational panel. (It shows the page number, working mode, and see if there are any errors). There is one section you should always check when you open and close a document. You can see there is a problem with your file very easily by (You can check whether the bottom section that says, “no errors” changes.)

Tools in the left hand tool bar (Please describe what each of these tools do. Explain what the other tools are that can be found when you

click the white triangle in the lower corner.) Black Arrow: used for moving and scaling objects outside of an area White Arrow: used for moving and scaling objects inside of an area T: Create a text box (Also a “type on path” option that lets you type on a created line.) Stroke: create a straight line Box with X: Set an area meant for placing images. Using the arrow in the corner will give different shape options. Plain Box: Create an area that can be altered. Using the arrow in the corner will give you different shape options. Eyedropper: Copy a certain color from a pre-existing object, and save into your fill box. By using the arrow, you also get a theme box and a measuring tool. Magnifying glass: Will let you zoom in, and will also let you zoom out of your project. Viewing mode: Changes what you are able to s

Using color for fill and stroke There are two different places you can select color to use as a fill or for a stroke.

(You can find the color fill and stroke at the top of the screen, or while in the text/layer settings of a text or object.) This is a fill swap button that can be used to quickly change between two different color fills.

Application Bar across top These are the two horizontal bars across the top of the workspace. The very top bar provides things nec-

essary to work on your document. (This bar contains a tab for File, Edit, Layout, Type, Object, Table, Vew, Window, and Help.) The File tab allows you to ‘open’ a new document, ‘close’ a document or ‘save as’ a document. (You would use “save as” to save a document as a certain file type and in a certain location.) Place in also under the File tab. You use the place tab for placing images to the page. Document set-up also in under the File tab. You can use this tab to set up the document. Check spelling is located under the Edit Tab. (The default setting will automatically start searching for the first misspelled word, and then give options for correction.) The Type tab has two special tabs that allow you add a glyph and add additional spacing. (A glyph is a special character that is not normally found in a typeface or on a keyboard. The white space can be added for situations where letters might be put too close together, or in case there is too much space. Research and show me what the ‘Show Hidden Characters’ Tab is used for and why it would be necessary to use. Hidden Characters are things like spacing, tabs, and other inputs that aren’t physically seen by the user. These are used in order to organize your document, as well as making it more legible. The View tab is another location where you can change the viewing mode and it is the same as the viewing mode tool in the left hand tool bar. Another tab located under the View Tab is the Display Performance Tab. The default is typical display, but it is better to change it to high quality display. Under the Windows Tab is the workspace tab. This tab allows you to (decide what you want on your screen and where you want it in order to optimize efficiency.)

Preplanning your page layout You should draw up a page layout on paper prior to setting up the InDesign file to solve problems before you get to the computer and to save time. (You need to consider where the text boxes are, the images are, and the margins. It is also helpful to figure out important spacing between certain things.)

Determining the number of pages in a bound document (book) (You have to have a total page count that is a multiple of four. This is important because books use bindings that folds one piece of paper into four pages. If it isn’t, then you will have unused blank pages.)

Margins and columns You can establish page margins and set up columns in two places. (You can set them up during the creation of the document, and also in the layout tab. They differ because on the layout page you can select specific pages to edit.)

Master pages When building a multiple page document in InDesign, it is essential that you create Master Page(s). A master

page is a special page where you use guides, grids and columns to set a basic layout that can be applied to all of the other pages in your document. Master pages help you achieve consistency in your page design and save time. (The master page is like a template that helps format later pages in the document. You can find the pages tab by going to the Layout tab, and selecting pages. Make sure not to use the master page to modify a single page.)

Showing grids, and setting guides using the ruler Not all guides can be set using margins and columns. To add special guides both vertically and horizontal-

ly, you can turn on view grids and use the ruler. (You can turn on and off grids by going to the view tab, and unselecting grids and guides. You can also drag down a guide from the rulers outside of the page area if you want it to spread over both pages. To precisely measure a guide, you click on the guide and enter the measurements. To delete a guide, just click on the guide you want to delete and then click the delete button on the keyboard.)

Page numbering Page numbering in a document is best done on the Master Pages. (Page numbering on a master page works

best because it will format all the following pages with that layout, meaning that all of the following pages will also be numbered. Tell me what things you need to know about placement, typeface and size. You would create a text box where you want the page numbering to be, and then go to Type ->Insert Special Character -> Markers -> Current Page Number. The letter A represents the page number on the master page.)

Printing margins, grids and guides Margins, grids and guides do not print in your document by default. You are able to print them when needed by (checking “Print-non Printing Objects” and Print visible guides and baseline grids” when in the print menu.)

InDesign-Object-Effects You are able to add an effect to a text box, object, image or photograph If you want to do this, you would

select the text box, go to the object tab, and select the Effects option. When you do this, only a portion of the image will be seen through the shape.

Link Management You can keep track of all of the linked items in you InDesign file by using the link panel on the right side on

the menus. The link panel will let you see whether different images are linked. IF a link is missing, you can see a red circle with a question mark inside. You can see what is linked by looking at the images in the panel area.

Bleed A bleed is an option when creating a page that will allow your colors to â&#x20AC;&#x153;bleedâ&#x20AC;? out to the very edge of the page. It is used in most colored pieces, and helps the piece look finished.

Packaging your InDesign File

To save yourself a lot of headache and time it is best to Package your InDesign files on a regular basis throughout the project and at the end of the project. To do this you: In order to package your InDesign project, you will need to go to the top file tab, click the package option. From there, you would make sure all the settings are correct, and click ok.

Leading Leading is the distance between lines of type. Leading is used to help enhance the readability of a block of text in a document. The amount of leading is based on the size of the typeface, the weight of the text, and how legible you want your document to be. The default(standard) is 1.25 x the font size.

Alignment of text There are three common ways of aligning text, There are also four types of justified text alignment, Allignments hel organize your type, and is a way to place it on the page. You can left justify, right justify, fill the page, or center the text.

Text Wrap Text Wrap is a feature that allows you to wrap text around an image or graphic. (Text wrap is an option that

you can utilize to organize type around an image. To do this, you can select the image, then go to type, and then type wrap. There, youwill be able to move is above, under, to the left or right, and behind or in front of the text. To add padding, increase the padding option until it fits what you want.

Object Align When you have multiple boxes on a page that you want to line up perfectly you can use Object Align to do

this. If you select multiple objects, then it should pop up on the top and you can use them to properly align your objects.

Character Style A character style is a collection of character formatting attributes that can be applied to text in a single step. Character style is important because it allows you to change certain parts of your document all at once, instead of changing them individually. This is used for things like keeping all of your headers the same. You can find it in the windows tab of your InDesign.

Importing Illustrator file(s) into InDesign There are two common ways to import your Illustrator file into InDesign:

-Place the original IA file by either exporting it as a PDF file, and then import it into inDesign, or to save it as an .ia file, and then either copy the contents and paste it into inDesign (but be careful to seperate it by layers, or import it. You can quickly make changes to the IA file by right button clicking on the illustrator file in InDesign and a popup window will appear. In this window select Edit With>Illustrator. It will take you to the original file so that you can adjust or fix issues. Once you save it (without change the name or file type), it will automatically update it in InDesign. (This also works with a photograph and Photoshop.)

Glyphs Glyphs are a type of special character that can be used in amyn different ways. One popular way to use them is to implement them as a stylized bullet point. You can find these by going to the type tab, and then going down to the special characters option.

Tabs You can create custom tabs within a text box by going to the type options and going to the indent options. There, you can decide how much space you want, and how to display it.

Bullets and Numbered Lists (Tell me what you would use them for, and the steps to set them up using the tab in the Type menu.)

drop down

Photoshop

Key Commands Key commands (also known as keyboard shortcuts) is the combination of two or more keys that you can use to perform a task that would typically require the use of the mouse and or multiple keyboard steps

Command tools are a great way to quickly and efficiently execute a certain command without needing to click all over the screen. For example, instead of going up to the top tabs and clicking edit, and then clicking undo for each time you want to go back, you can simply just press cmd + z.

Image Tab Image size Resolution is an indicator of visual and digital information. It is measured in dots per inch (dpi) and pixels per

inch (ppi). The minimum resolution needed for printing photographs is 300) You can check the size of your original image by selecting an image, going to the image tab, and then selecting image size. If your photograph is not the right resolution, you can correct it by using the resample option box, which will either link, or un-link the resolution to the image size. Once you have adjusted the image to the correct resolution, you will be able to tell how large you can clearly print the image without pixilation problems. You are able to use the image smaller, but not larger than the adjusted size.

Mode Photoshop’s preset for all images when opened is RGB. RGB is a subtractive color process that is used for creating colors, mainly used on screens. For print publications, you should convert your image to CMYK, which is the subtractive method, because it the color process that is used in printing.

Three pass color correction Under the image tab there are three auto tabs: tone, contrast and color. These are default tabs that Pho-

toshop provides. The issue with using these tabs is that Photoshop arbitrarily makes adjustment without actually seeing what happens to the image. In some cases it will radically change the colors from what they should be. A better way to correct color in your photograph is to use the levels and curves tab to manually adjust the tones, colors, and contrasts. Generally you do this with the image in RGB, but you can also do it when the image is in CMYK using the same steps.

Background Layer Photoshop automatically starts an image as a locked layer called Background in the layers tab. You always

want to preserve the background layer. In order to do this, you will need to create a new layer, and then lock the background layer in order to secure it.

Left Side Tool Bar

(Please describe what each of these tools do. Share if there are any pro’s or con’s to any of them, and explain what the other tools are that can be found when you click the white triangle in the lower corner.) Marquee: The marquee tool is used for selecting certain areas of space for editing Crop Tool: The crop tool cuts down an image to a specific area that you choose. You can also change the size specifically at the top. Clone Stamp: The clone stamp tool is used to repeat specific patterns in order to create a more seamless image and fill in areas. Eraser Tool: The eraser tool is used to subtract from the image, and “erase” it.

Grayscale

A Grayscale image is an image in which the only colors are shades of gray. To turn an image into a grayscale image. In order to do this, you would go to the image tab, and then select mode. There, you will be able to select greyscale as an option. Once you save and close the image, you are not able to convert it back to full color again.

Duotone A Duotone image is an image that uses only two colors. Traditionally it uses a grayscale image (black) and

another color, but it could use any two colors. It is often used when full color printing process is not an option or to bring out middle tones and highlights of an image. A common duotone is sepia toning in which a reddish-brown color is added to a grayscale image to mimic photos from the late 19th century. To create a duotone in Photoshop, you must first start with a saved grayscale image. To create a duotone, select your image, go to the image tab, and select Mode. There, you will be able to create a duotone, and select your colors.

Fake Duotone

A fake Duotone image can be created by creating another layer, drawing a box and fill it with the color of your choice, then set the layer to an overlay mode. Lastly, select the opacity you wish to use.

Raster vs. Vector Image

Vector and Raster are two types of digital graphic files. A Raster image is an image that is made up of many tiny pixels. The more pixels in the image the more information and accuracy it has. The amount of pixels in the image really comes into importance when the image size becomes larger. For example, an 11x17 in. image with the same number of pixels as an 8.5 x 11 in. image will look much more pixelated, and not as clear. A Vector image is based on mathematical calculations from one point to another to form lines and shapes to create an image or illustration. Vector images are better because you are able to scale them up or down in size without losing any information. When working with Raster, Photoshop is the best tool to use. However, when working with vectors, Illustrator is the better program. JPG (JPEG): Joint Photographic Expert Group. JPG and JPEG are interchangeable and is a lossy graphic file. The problem with lossy files is that the more you use/save them, the worse the image’s quality becomes. The jpeg file is good for final saves or single save files. TIF: Tagged Image File Format. TIFF is the computer format for storing raster images because it is a lossless file, meaning that even when you save the image multiple times, it will not lose the quality of the image PSD: Photohshop Document. PSD is Photoshop’s native file format and is used when working with layers that contain other images. PSD is important to use for an in-use file that has layers that you don’t want to lose. PDF: Portable Document Format. PDF was created by Adobe as a format that can be used independent of application software, hardware or operating systems. PDF’s are a file type that are very nice for reducing the size of the image, for printing or sharing a file. PNG: Portable Network Graphic. PNG is a raster graphics file format that is best used for internet because it is a lossless data compression file. This is nice for internet use, because of people visiting sites. GIF: Graphics Interchange Format. Invented by Steve Wilhite, it is similar to PNG in its use on the internet as a lossless compression file. (Pronounced Jif)

Photoshop Layers Layer Mask Use a layer mask as an alternative to the eraser tool to erase to the transparency layer without losing the

integrity of the image and keep the original pixels, it is much better to use a layer mask. A layer mask allows us to go to transparency without changing any aspects of the image. The mask is a black and white image in which the black area blocks the image revealing the transparent background and the white image lets the original image show through the mask. To make a layer mask, select the add layer mask icon and click once. You will see a white box next to your image, revealing the whole image. You need to apply the black to the mask layer image to block the part of the image we want to remove. You can do this by using the paintbrush tool in the left hand tool bar. Making sure that your color palette window is black in the left hand tool bar. With the mask layer selected in the layers panel, begin painting the areas that you would like to reveal to transparent. Select the brush type, size and opacity that works best around your image and begin painting away the area you want to remove. Watch your layer mask, you will see the black begin to appear on it as you paint. You can easily change back areas by switching the brush to white and painting over them again. To erase areas that are in straight lines, you can click at the beginning and hold down your shift key and click at the end of the line, and the area will automatically fill in between the two points. Varying the size of your brush as you work out from the edge will make removing large areas go much more quickly. You can also use a the [ or ] (bracket) keys to change the size of the brush.

Customizing your Layer Mask Properties Once you have created a layer mask to reveal the transparent layer you are able to adjust the properties.

Double click on the layer mask in the layers panel and the properties panel will open. In this window you can change to opacity and density of the mask to allow some of original image show through like a watermark while still keeping the (white) original area intact. You are also able to shift the edges and adjust the contrast on the layer mask for the black part of the mask.

Left Side Tool Bar Magic Wand/Quick Selection

Generally you would not use the magic wand or quick selection tool to select areas in your image because they cannot always determine the correct edge of a color. There may be instances where you want to use it to create a special effect, and you can use in on a layer mask.

Invert Image You can invert the image from a positive to a negative image by selecting the Layers tab, new adjustment

layer, invert. You can also adjust all sorts of things, such as the exposures, levels, curves, and saturations.

Rearranging and grouping layers You can rearrange layers by clicking and dragging a layer above or below certain other layers in order to get the correct stacking. You can also create a folder, and drag layers into them, in order to organize them into groups.

Filters Tab The main filters that Photoshop offers to you are:

In particular, stylize sub options are diffuse, emboss, extrude, find edges, oil paint, solarize, tiles, trace, contour, and wind. When entering the extrude option there are some extra options such as whether you want the shapes to be blocks or pyramids, the size of those shapes, and the depth of them.

Clipping Paths To create a clipping path follow these steps:

1. Use the Pen tool to create a path around the image area by clicking the pen tool tight against the edge of the image that will become the silhouette. Do not use too many points, as this will make the curves choppy. You can always add a point if needed. 2. Using the point ^ in the Pen toolbox, click on each point to draw out the handlebars. Select one side (point on end of handlebar) of the handlebar at a time to adjust the curve. 3. To move point, switch to the arrow tool (two down from the pen tool), right button click (or double click) to change from path selection tool to direct selection tool. This will allow you to move a specific point to the right place. 4. In the Paths panel, choose Save Path from the panel menu (click the triangle in the upper-right corner of the panel), and then name the path. 5. From the same panel menu, choose Clipping Path. 6. In the Clipping Path dialog box, select your path from the drop-down list (it will appear as a picture), if itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not already selected; click OK. Leave the Flatness Device Pixels text field blank. The flatness value determines how many device pixels are used to create your silhouette. The higher the amount, the fewer points are created, thereby allowing for faster processing time. This speed comes at a cost, though: If you set the flatness value too high, you may see (if you look close) straight edges instead of curved edges. 7. Choose File Save As and, from the Format drop-down list, select Photoshop EPS or leave in PSD; accept the defaults and click OK. Note: When you go to grab the image to place it in another application you will see the background, but it will not appear once it is placed.

Batching actions in Photoshop When you want to make the same changes to a group of images, you can record your actions on a single image and then apply them to a folder of all your images.

To do this: - - - - - - - -

Open Actions Palette (window tab, action) Select folder icon at bottom of panel Name folder Select new action icon at bottom of panel Name it (description) It will change the name at the bottom as well. Do the editing that you want to apply to all the images such as filters, tones, saturation, etc. Save your edits (File, save) To stop recording, go to the actions tab, and click the square on the bottom center.

You can see a record of all the actions you did to your image within the folder you just created. Close your image. To apply the batch action to your folder of images: - In Photoshop go to File, Automate, Batch. - In the dialog box that pops up do the following: o At the top, select the name of the action you just created (Set â&#x20AC;&#x201C;action) o Source: Folder o Choose: (Your folder of images â&#x20AC;&#x201C; NOTE on a Mac it will select the folder you are already in as the folder choice, and will gray out your choice.) o Suppress File open options dialogs o Suppress color profile warnings o Set destinations to None (to put it back in the same folder) o OK When you stop the recording, the options that you added should be put into effect.

Working with Grids in Photoshop To set up a grid, go to the view tab at the top, select the Show option, and then click the option that says ‘Grid’.

Embedded vs. Linked in Photoshop When you bring in an image into an already created Photoshop Document, you have the option of placing it

either as Embedded or Linked. When you embed the image, it will set the image as its own layer, unconnected to the other images. When you link the image, the image is placed as a smart object making you able to alter it separately, but also makes you able for it to interact with other linked objects.

Smart Objects Smart Objects preserve an image’s source content with all its original characteristics, enabling you to perform nondestructive editing to the layer.

Locking the image in place on the layer To lock the placement of the photo on the layer, select the photo and the image should have been outlined,

then click on the Lock Layers tab in the menu and select Image, or you can also select the layer in the layers window, and select the lock button. You may also partially lock the layer depending on what you still want to be able to alter.

Filter Gallery To access the Filter Gallery in Photoshop, your image must be RGB. Once you have applied the filter, you can switch it to cmyk.

Using the Marquee Tool to custom delete and mask You can delete custom shaped areas using the marquee tool in the left hand tool bar. Working on the un-

locked non-background image, draw a shape using the marquee tool. If you hit the delete key, the interior area will be gone. To mask off all of the image except a specific area, use the marquee tool to draw your shape, then in the Layers panel, select the layer mask option, then click reveal selection. With the marquee tool selected, look at the top tool bar, and you will see that the (first) single icon is selected. You can customize your marquee selections by using one of the options in the top tool bar. If you select the next icon, and draw a shape that overlaps the first one, Photoshop will automatically join the two at the points where they meet.

The third icon is used to remove a custom area from the original marquee shape. Select the icon and draw

two overlapping marquee shapes. The second shape drawn will cut out part of the first shape to create a custom shape The last icon will create a custom shape based on the area where the two individual marquee shapes overlap to create the custom shape.

To quickly deselect an area press cmd + d.

Large Document Format There are times when the image you are working with will be too large to place on the desktop, or on other devices. For this issue, Photoshop has created a work-around called PSB (.psb). The largest image size supported by a PSD (.psd) file is 30,000 by 30,000 pixels, whereas PSB files can be saved at an image size up to 300,000 by 300,000 pixels. PSB files can be exported as TIFF for compatibility with other software.

Merge Layers Merge Layers combines the layers you have selected.and merges them together into one singular layer. You can select multiple layers by clicking the top layer, and then shift clicking the last layer in the list that you would like to merge. Another way would be to command click each layer that you want to merge. The layer name will change to the name of the top layer of all the selected layers.

Merge Visible Merge Visible will merge all visible layers into one singular layer. Merge Visible will ignore any layer that has its visibility toggled (the eye) turned off.

Flatten Image Flatten Image will combine all of the layers into one “flattened” image or layer. You will be prompted to

choose whether or not to discard hidden layers before doing so. If you choose “Ok” to discard hidden layers, Photoshop will ignore any layer with its visibility toggled (the eye) turned off. If you choose “Cancel”, Photoshop will cancel the flattening process. If you want the hidden layers included in the flattened image, you will have to toggle it’s visibility to “On”.

Illustrator

Artboards Artboards act as your workspace (like a page). Any graphics you place on the artboard will appear, print,

export or save as a PDF in the final design. If you have items place off the side of the artboard, they will not print, but will remain in your file until you delete them. You can have 1 to 100 artboards per document depending on size. You can specify the number of artboards for a document when you first create it, and you can add and remove artboards at any time while working in a document. You can create artboards in different sizes, resize them by using the Artboard tool , and position them anywhere on the screenâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;even overlapping one another. You can also specify custom names for an artboard and set reference points for artboards. Printing and saving artboards All artboards in a document share the same media type format, such as Print. You can print each artboard individually, tiled, or combined into one page. You can preview artboards from the print dialog box before printing them. The print settings you choose are applied to all of the artboards you selected to print. By default all artwork is cropped to an artboard and all artboards print as individual pages. Use the Range option in the Print dialog box to print specific pages.

Converting Text to Image You can convert text to an image by selecing the text and right clicing it. from there, you can choose to ren-

der the text, or expand it. This will turn the text that you chose into an image open to editing of the size, and dimensions. Make sure to check the spelling before you convert your text into an image. Once it is an image, you are able to change the dimensions of the text as if it were an object,

Shape Builder tool The shape builder tool can be used to combine several different shapes into a single shape. Begin by creat-

ing the shapes you want to merge, making sure that they slightly overlap each other. Select the shape builder tool from the tool panel. Click on one shape, and while holding down the mouse button, drag it over all the shapes you want to join. When you select them, there should be a grid that goes over it.

Scale tool The scale tool allows you to enlarges or reduces an object horizontally (along the x axis), vertically (along the y axis), or both. After you scale an object, Illustrator does not retain the original size of the object in memory. Therefore, you cannot resume the original size of the object. (By default, strokes and effects are not scaled along with objects. To scale strokes and effects, choose Illustrator, preferences, general and select scale strokes & effects.

Image Trace Image trace can be used to trace any image and turn it into a vector image. If you decide to image trace, you can choose to just image trace, or image trace and expand depending on what youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re looking for.

Increasing/decreasing points on a Polygon and Star You can easily add or subtract points on a polygon or star by simply drawing the shape, and then you can use the hotkey to increase or decrease the points of a polygon or star, which is to hold down the shape size (left-click) and then press up or down.

Eraser Tool The eraser tool works based on selected items. When you select an item, it will only erase within that item

even if you go beyond what has been selected. Objects that not erased with the tool in Illustrator are: Images, Text (unless you used create outlines first), symbols (unless they are also outlined), graphs (you need to ungroup first) and gradient meshes. Sometimes when you erase, it will change the appearance. An example of this is if you have a stroke around an object. If you try to erase it without making any changed, the eraser will add a stroke to what you just erased. To stop it from doing this, you need to: select the item, the go into object, expand, and make sure fill and stroke is checked. Now you will be able to erase without it apply a stroke on the edges.

Clipping Mask To place an image in a shape or text, you can do so by using a clipping mask. First place the image on the

artboard in the approximate size you want the mask to be. Then place over the top the shape or text that you want it to go into. Make sure you have the shape or text the size that you want the mask. Select both items and go to Object, Clipping Mask, Make. Now your object will have the image as a fill. If you double click into the shape or text, you are able to move the image around.

Symbol Spray Tool With the symbols panel open, select the symbol you want to use first. Then with the symbol spray tool, spray

your symbol(s) where you would like them placed. You are able to manipulate them with the other tools in the pullout menu. Other tools in this category allow you to spin, scrunch, or shift a symbol.

Width Tool With the width tool you are able to change stokes and shapes. By adding or selecting a point, you can drag

out the width of that point with the mouse. You can select existing points to change or move the width also. Inside this panel are some other options, such as the warp tool that lets you distort the image, the twirl tool that lets you add tails/twirls to things, or the bloat tool which enables you to blow the image out of proportion.

Mesh Tool The Mesh Tool adds a mesh point of another color into a selected object. To do this, select the mesh tool, select a color, and then click on the object where you want to apply a mesh. To delete a mess point, using the direct selection tool (white arrow) click on the point you want to remove and hit the delete key. To move the mesh point, use the direct selection tool (white arrow) to select the one you want, holding down the mouse button, drag to move it.

Creating a Gradient Gradientâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Using Gradient Panel Open the gradient panel: Window, gradient. A grayscale gradient will appear.

To change the color double click on the square at the bottom and select a new fill color. You can do this for both squares. To add additional colors to the gradient, click at a point along the bottom line between the two outside squares and it will add a new fill square. Double click to change to color. You can slide the squares on the bottom, or the triangles on the top back and forth to adjust the range of gradient. Select the type of gradient you want to use (radial or linear). You can also adjust the angle of the gradient by using the different angle options from -180 to 180 degrees. To delete a color from your gradient, you can select the square and click the trash can or you can slide all the way off the end. Once you have the desired gradient, you can grab the sample square and drag it to your swatch panel to save it.

Creating a Custom Gradientâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Using Blends Tool By laying out a series of two or more different color shapes, you can make Illustrator blend these together to

get a custom gradient. To do this, first create your shape(s) in different colors. Working from the back to the front is best. Layer the shapes on top of each other. Select all, then use Object, Blend, Make. There are three types of blends you can select from: Smooth, Specific Steps and Specific Distance. Smooth will give you a seamless blending of colors, whereas the other two will give you chunky steps based on the perimeters you use. To blend the two objects using the tool, you will need to select an edge of the first object, and then select the edge of the next object, and Illustrator will blend these two objects. You can also use the blend tool from the tool panel. You will need to select the edge of each shape in the order that you want to blend it. If you shift your selection point from the original it will twist the blend. Note: You are able to change a color in the blend by selecting a specific object and then changing the color on than object and it will automatically re-blend it.

Layered Lines (strokes) You can layer different weights of lines on top of one another, to create a single multi-colored line that can be manipulated like a single line. Begin by opening the appearance panel (windows, appearance). Draw several lines using different point sizes and colors for the strokes, no smaller than 1 point. Select the heaviest line, then in the appearance panel, click on the box in the lower left hand corner (add new stroke.) Using the eyedropper in the tools panel, select the next smaller size line. The second line should appear on top of the first line. Continue doing this (add new line, eyedropper) until you have built all the layers of the line. You now have a single multi-colored line that you can copy and manipulate as need be.

Creating Your Own Paintbrush Pattern Find or draw a piece of vector art that you would like to use like a brush. With the brushes panel open, drag

the vector art into the row of choices. You will be prompted to select Scatter, Art or Pattern brush. Scattered Brush should be selected if you would like to click the artwork to follow the drawn line or want to randomly place a single vector art with the click of the mouse. Art Brush should be selected if you want the vector art to fill the whole line - no matter the length. It will stretch and distort to accommodate your stroke. Pattern Brush should be selected if you would like the artwork to follow the drawn line. You are able to make adjustments for spacing, rotation and size. You are able to adjust the style of the brush by double clicking on the brush in the brushes panel. You can group vector art pieces together to make a single brush. Shift select the pieces and drag them into the brushes panel.

Creating Your Own Fill Pattern Draw/create vector artwork. Select all of it to go to: Object, Pattern, Make. You are able to change or alter

the pattern once it is a fill pattern: Object, Pattern, Edit. You can also select the artwork and drag it into the swatches panel. NOTE: You can use an image, just make sure that it is not a linked images (uncheck link when placing image). In the pattern panel you are able to decide how the pattern will repeat.

Creating a Texture You can create a texture using a photo or image to add depth and dimension to your project. To do this you

will begin in Photoshop. Convert your photo or image into a gray-scale image. You can bring this image in as is, layering over other colors and pattern using an opacity or you can change it to a bitmap (Image, mode, bitmap, flatten, output 100, diffusion dither). By changing it to a bitmap, the white areas will become transparent and you will be able to change to color. Adjust the texture to fit within the template box, and then with the template box shape on top, select both the template and the texture, and go to Object, Clipping Path, Make. You are now able to layer this texture on top of the other layers and you can adjust the opacity to soften it if needed.

Type&Color

Type Basics --(ThisAnatomy of Typography-graphic helps show all the different things that make a typeface unique, and the characteristics that

they have. Some examples of those characteristics would be the counter of a letter, which is when a letter has a circular hole in it.)

--(FontsFont vs. Typeface -are the family or groups in which typefaces are placed into. For example, Futura would be a font family, but Futura Medium (T1) would be a Typeface.)

-- Type Classifications – Serif Type Styles San Serifs Type Styles Script Type Styles Decorative

--TTFTypes of font file formats -Format - Stands for “True Type Font” OTF Format - it stands for “open type face “

--A ligature Ligature -is when two or more letters are join as a glyph. ex: Æ as opposed to AE

Hierarchy

“Typography exists to honor content.” - Robert Bringhurst: The Elements of Typographic Style Hierarchy is the way in which you present the type on the page in order of importance. This matters, because it will help the reader follow through the flow of the page. It will also help determine important things that might be helpful to know. Hierarchy levels: Primary Level: The most important things on the page. This would be used for Chapter headers, or Titles. Secondary Level: These are used for paragraph headers or important information such as quotes. Tertiary Level: This would be the basic paragraph type and information that is not quite as important. Other Levels: Other levels could include citations, which tend to be smaller than the tertiary, and word definitions explained at the bottom of the page. Line Spacing (leading): Line space refers to the amount of vertical space between lines of type and is measured from baseline to baseline. The op¬ti¬mal line spac¬ing is 120%. The smaller the type, the more line space you will need to help with the readability. Another factor that can affect the line space is the x-height of the typeface. The taller the x-height the more line space you will need. The same holds true for the length of the descenders.

x-Height: The x-height is the distance between the baseline and the middle line of lower-case letters. For example, here are examples of an exaggerated x-height, and a lowered x-height:

asdasdsad

vbchgfjh

Optimal Line Length: For normal body text, 50-60 characters per line, including spaces in the best. Too short and you break the reader’s rhythm, too long, and the reader will lose their place when they travel to the next line. (Again the x-height, weight and typeface will help determine the best number of characters per line.)

Printer Spread vs. Reader Spread: A reader spread shows pages that are in order in 2-page spreads. This means that it can be read properly. Printer spreads however, are in proper order, which means that they consider the trim, print, and how it is assembled to come up with the order.

COLOR “Designing with color begins with the recognition that the colors of your environment appear as a reaction

to light.” Designers need to know a lot about color. From color theory, the psychology, cultural and mythic meanings of colors, to the technical aspects of how to handle color digitally, to knowing the systems of used in specifying color, the knowledge base you need to acquire is expansive.

Color Systems: Additive vs. Subtractive Humans see color because our eyes are equipped with specialized receptors called rods and cones that

detect and translate different wavelengths of light. We perceive color differently depending on whether we are seeing light directly versus seeing light reflected off of a surface. These two different systems are called Additive and Subtractive.

Additive Color System When looking at a screen on any device, a film, projection or slide show you are looking at light illuminating

the screen from behind. The colors we see are a result of light wavelengths being added together to produce the whole spectrum of other colors. All of the colors we see are made up of pixels with varying amounts of Red, Green, and Blue (RGB).

Subtractive Color System When we look at color that is applied using paint, dye, ink or other forms of pigments mixed with a variety of

elements applied to a surface such as canvas, fabric or paper we are seeing light bouncing off the surface. Pigment is when certain colors either reflect or are absorbed by a source. The pigment is the color that relects from the object, creating the color that we see. Variations in the quality of the pigments or the type of surface it is applied to will determine the richness of the color produced. Metamerism The light source we view the color in will affect our color perception. Depending on the light (natural vs. manufactured) the color could change slightly or drastically. For example the color white will feel and look bluish (cool) under fluorescent light, but may appear a faint yellow (warm) under sunlight.

Interaction of Color – Optical perception Color is never seen in isolation, colors interact with those adjacent to them. When paired with another color,

the original color can look lighter or darker than by itself. Josef Albers wrote a book called Interaction of Color, and was adept in many different fields such as poetry, printmaking, and color theories. All of this is very important to recognize when designing with color.

Process Colors Process colors are made up of cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK). This is in reference to the printing

process where full color images are separated out into their component CMYK colors as dots. This is done in order to print the colors one on top of another and produce a visual recreation of all of the colors present in the image.

Spot Color A Spot color is a color in addition to CMYK (Process Colors) and can be printed as a solid color instead of

CMYK. Pantone Matching System is a standardized color matching system that allows for the creation of a spot color to consistent match the Pantone color. Spot colors are used to get colors that are simply not possible of achieving with four color process printing. Spot colors are used in many magazines and posters.

Moiré A moiré pattern is an artifact that occurs in the print reproduction process when any two, or more, repeating

patterns overlap each other. Moiré can also be introduced when a halftone printed image is scanned. A set of standard screen angles with the first and least visible color, yellow, is placed at the most visible angle 0° (90°). Then the most visible color, black, is placed at 45°. The cyan and magenta are then placed between these two. Cyan at 15° (105°) and magenta at 75°. These angles represent a best all- around compromise for most pictures.

http://www.scheib.net/school/238/imoire/out018.JPG

--Pantone Color System -The Pantone Color System is the most used color matching system in the design industry. Other color sys-

tems would be RGB, which is additive, and CMYK, which is subtractive. Pantone colors allow designers to select specific colors that printers will be able to reproduce exactly. Pantone colors are mixed from 18 basic colors using a unique formula. Pantone colors are a collection of hexagonal shaped color spots that are placed near each other at a slight angle. The ratio of the spots and which colors they are will depend what color is seen. Because there are many different kinds of papers, coatings and kinds of options for printed design work, there are numerous Pantone swatch books to represent the various kinds of printing and papers. The most basic distinction between these swatch books is Pantone Coated vs. Pantone Uncoated. These simulated what the color will look like on coated and uncoated paper stock. There are also swatch books that show how a specific color can be recreated using CMYK. To create a spot color, all you need to do is to go to your swatches, click on the options, and select ‘add new swatch’. From there, you can select between using a process color or a spot color. To find the rest of the spot colors, you can find that by going through your

Printing Process

Research Research is an important part of figuring out what is needed for a project. Some of the important things to ask yourself when going about this would be: 1. What is their mission. 2.Who is their audience. 3.Why would they need it. 4.Where they are located.

Types of Binding

Saddle Stitched: papers are folded together on the inside and stapled through. Perfect Bound: Usage of an adhesive tool is used to bind the pages together. Wire/Spiral Bound: Use a wire/spiral to run through holes in the paper. Pamphlet Stitch: Paper is folded in half and turned into 4 pages, and then are stitched together. Coptic Bound: Create holes through the papers, and string them together. Japanese Stab Bound: Similar to Coptic bound, but stung together differently. Screw Post Bound: Uses a set of screws to tighten pages together.

Creep Creeps occur when the signature is folded with too many pages, and creates an arrow-shaped ‘creep’ coming out of the center. This is poor design and should be avoided by making sure you use the appropriate binding.

Paper Paper is created by taking wood, cotton or other manmade or natural materials and beating it with water until it becomes a thick slurry. The slurry is then pressed to remove all the water to create a thin sheet that once dried becomes paper.

Kinds of Commercial Paper Commercial paper is manufactured according to industry standards. There are a range of characteristics and specifications used to identify the different types of paper. These are Grade, Finish, Weight, Color, and Grain Direction. The basic grades (or types) of commercial printing papers are: • Bond or writing (usually used for letterheads, business forms and copier uses) • Book (the most commonly used coated and uncoated papers for printing) • Text (high quality sheets in a variety of surfaces and colors) • Cover (used when greater bulk is required such as book covers, postcards or inserts) • Tag / Bristol / Index (smooth surface papers, mostly uncoated, used for displays, file folders, tickets.) Within each grade there are other distinctions, based on brightness, opacity, fiber content, and finish. For instance, there are matte, premium, and gloss finishes to coated papers. Text papers are distinguished by finishes like smooth/vellum, felt/embossed, laid, and linen. Papers come in a variety of Surface Types. Common Coated types are: Gloss, Dull, Matte, Silk and Embossed. Uncoated paper comes in a wide variety of finishes including: Smooth, Linen, Vellum, and Felt. Each of these surfaces will provide different print quality and overall appearance. Each has its strengths and appropriateness for a particular job. Most grades come in a variety of Weights for both Cover and Text. Get to know and learn to work with your printer to select the best papers for your print design job.

Printing Processes used in the Design Industry Designers use different printing options depending on the intent and scope of the project. Simple docu-

ments, like our course syllabus, are printed on laser, toner-based printers and duplicated on toner-based copy ma-chines. Single, one-off, print jobs such as a laminated poster, would be produced on a color inkjet printer. A short run of several hundred brochures for a local event would get run on a color laser printer. Commercial projects such as the internationally distributed Print magazine or the Harry Potter books are produced in large print publishing houses using the offset printing process.

Offset Printing Commercially produced print work is most often created through a process called Offset

printing. This process involves the digital image of the design being separated into plates corresponding to each of the ink colors being used in the printing process. This can be 1 or 2-colors of ink or, more often, the four process colors Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black also known as CMYK.

Digital Printing Presses Fairly recently commercial printers began offering high quality printing using all digital machines. These are ideal for shorter-run jobs and highly customizable.

Post Press Processes Commercial printers can print additional colors and can perform a number of post press processes. Post press processes include die cutting, embossing, spot varnish and foil stamping.

Copy Shops Copy centers have a range of digital printing capabilities including high quality Black &

White and Full color laser printers and larger Color inkjet banner printers in different sizes.

PRINT BOOKLET (On a Mac) Step 1: Make sure you set up your document correctly. (Facing pages, correct number of pages for a booklet

(multiple of 4). Step 2: Go to File, Print booklet. Click the Print button, which will open up another pop-up window. Check the preview to make sure everything looks right, tell it to print blank pages. When you click OK, the Print dialog box will close and youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll return to the Print Booklet dialog box. Step 3: Check Set-up tab to make sure the orientation is right, and marks and bleeds are selected. (Also make sure the Preview tab is showing the booklet properly.) Now, click Print and you can save the PostScript file with a name and location: Step 4: Convert to PDF. Once your PostScript file has been saved, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s time to convert it to a PDF file. Launch Acrobat Pro. Choose File, Create, PDF from File, select your PostScript file, and then open. Once it is done cre-ating the PDF it will open up in a window as a pdf. You can now save it as a PDF. If you are working on a PC, you will be able to select Print Adobe PDF from the print menu and it will work.

Extra Information

Adobe Acrobat DC Adobe Acrobat DC is sort of like the developer’s version of Adobe Acrobat that you have to pay for to get access. It lets you do a bit more, and gives you more authority over things.

Tools: Create and Edit Create PDF: To do this you would take whatever abode file you were working with, and select that as the file that you want to create into a PDF. Combine Files: Combining files will do just as it sounds as seamlessly add the second file to the first file. Organize Pages: It will let you drag and drop pages in the order that you desire. Edit PDF: It will enable you to change things within the PDF

Tools: Review and Approve Comment: You can add comments to your PDF.

Send for Comments: You can share comments or compare files and comment. Stamp: You can stamp your PDF with a given or custom stamp Send and Track: Lets you track large files that are put online. Compare Files: Allows you to compare files to see differences. Measure: Allows you to measure the parts of your PDF and make marks on certain areas.

Tools: Protect and Standardize Protect: You can make restrictions for your PDF.

Redact: Allows you to block/hide certain parts of your PDF PDF Standards: You can Save as PDF/A, X, or E. Optimize PDF: It will let you reduce the file size to make it more manageable. Print Production: You can edit, flatten, or convert your PDF to certain color. (color sight deficiencies) Accessibility: You can check for errors or problems with your PDF

Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement: Plagiarism: Is the wrongful using of or closely imitating the works of another person without authorization

and then representing that person’s work as your own, and not crediting the original person for their work. Copyright Infringement: Is when you take a copyrighted work and reproduced, distributed, performed, publicly displayed, or imitate the work without the permission of the copyright owner. This can be simplified into some simple steps. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Figure out if it actually needs permission If it does, contact the owner of the copyright Negotiate what the terms for what your permission will entail Get the terms written onto paper

Citing Your Sources: MLA (Modern Language Association) MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. MLA style features brief parenthetical citations in the text keyed to an alphabetical list of works cited that appears at the end of the work. An example of an MLA citation would be this: Dean, Cornelia. “Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet.” The New York Times, 22 May 2007, www.ny times.com/2007/05/22/science/earth/22ander.html?_r=0. Accessed 12 May 2016.

Photo captions (cutlines): Photo caption is a few lines of text that explains the photograph (i.e. title of the photo). It may include the name of the artist, date and photographer. An example would look something like this: Birds and Bees, Bella Owens, 2016 Customizing Type: Baseline shift changes the type at the base of the line. Vertical scale changes the height of the type Tracking changes the spacing of the type of whatever is highlighted Kerning changes the spacing between certain characters of the type Horizontal scaling changes the width of the type. Skew changes the slant of the type

--Thumbnail Drawings -Thumbnail drawings are an important step in creating a project it is an important way of getting things out of your head and onto paper. Once on paper, it is easier to focus on new options, instead of getting stuck on the same one that you may think is the best option. When doing thumnails, you should do as many as you can think of, nad maybe give yourself a time limit.

--Developing Narrative -When developing a narrative, there are some things that are more important than others to figure out. The

first thing to do is to ask yourself questions about the story or character. How old is he? What food does he like? Does he play sports? Being able to answer these questions for yourself will clarify the character or story for yourself, as well as others. Other things to think about would be the demographic that you are trying to appeal to. A character that is meant for younger children for example, should also be designed with that in mind.

Photo Equipment and Room Available to use in the Fine arts department is a set of equipment that we can use to photograph and create

our work. There are multiple cameras, as well as the option to use tripods, backdrops, and lighting. The photo room is located near the entrance closest to the photography room, however the room that is used to check in and check out equipment is located in the GD room. The equipment is open to be rented on Tuesdays and Thursday with normal workday hours, and are expected to be returned to following day that they are open.

Bone folder A bone folder is a tool that is used to get clean fold marks on your pieces. IT is used as a way to effectively folding paper without creating a crease mark.

Banner Printer In order to use the banner printer, you need to use a special kind of printing paper, and need to kno the exact measurements that you need. Make sure that no one else is trying to print from the banner printer, and then print the image. While printing the peice make sure it is going through the printer correctly, and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t go askew. Wait for the banner printer to completely finish, and avoid trying to pull the paper out before the process is completely done.

Projects

Project 1 For this project, we were told use the base photo of a single image, and create a 7x10grid where each grid square was worked with differently. In the end you should end up with a single underlying photo that is abstracted and worked to the pointof being unrecognizable. The first step was t find an appropriate image. For my project I chose to use a picture of a flower that i took in my mother’s garden. Here is the original image:

Essentially, the rest of the project consisted of altering the original file in as many different ways as you could. By the end of this project, we were expected to have at least 70 imagesto work from. The images would look something like this:

Once you create these, its time to create the grid. This part isn’t too complicated, and was basically putting a grid on top, and then start putting in your images as linked images. Another option was to batch allof your images into your original photo, but I personally opted to do it the other way. Once you have the images on your orginal photo’s file, it’s time to start masking them so that they only show up in certain areas. The way this project works, those areas happen to be the squares of the grid that we had created. At this point, it’s more of a challenged to create something compositionally sound than actually putting in the image. After

completing this stage, you will have your final product. Here, people will either choose to keep what they have, or move things around until they are happy with it. For me personally, all I had to do was change around a few boxes and I arrived at my final project:

Project 2

For our second project, we were told to create a paper creature that would be able to be made with the instructions given. The first step was to thumbnail. We were told to try to thumbnail and ask questions about your character until you could visualize them. After getting a good idea of who your paper creature is, and what you want him to looks like, the next step was to try to create him yourself out of paper. This was mostly a trial and error phase, and ended up usually changing as we moved onto the computer phases. I wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t too happy with how mine turned out after transferring it to the computer, printing it out, and making it again. So I completely changed my template. My final template ended up looking more along the lines of this: 5

13 1

9 12 10

9 8

12 10

If we were happy with how this stage turned out, the next stage was to start creating the poster. For mine, I used pretty simple pastel colors. I added some designs to compliment the design ofmy creature, and then added a photoshoot image of my creature that had been cut out so that only the creature was shown. The poster also had to have the background of our creature that we created in the thumbnail and questions stage. Mine ended up being very close to the same story. At the end of the project, my poster ended up looking like this:

Difficulty:

Project 3 In our third project, we were told to create a brochure for a group or organization on campus. The bruchure had certain guidelines, and had to be 8 pages long. For this project, i used the International Resource Center as my organization. Once we decided on a group, we needed to research information on them, whether that was interviewing them, or looking at their information online. After researching them to the point that you could ask all the questions given, it was time to create the brochure. For my brochure design, I created a seamless banner across the bottom and top of the pages that included flags from all different countries. Aside from the banner, I chose to use mostly Stevens Point colors, but at a low opacity. To be honest, this was probably my least favorite project out of the ones we were given, and there were definitely some things I would change about my final product, but in the end, my project came out to look like this:

Brochure Final.indd 1

12/1/16 5:20 PM

Glossary Graphic Design ABCs: A Glossary of Basic Design Terms December 4, 2014

This post was originally published on September 22, 2007 on the UCreative website. You can find us at: http://www.ucreative.com/resources/. Since then we’ve updated the list and added images. Enjoy, Creatives! (DKB Hoover revised this list for her students in 2016.) Designers have their own language. There are words that only we understand. Sometimes we don’t really know their exact definitions; we simply use them out of familiarity. It’s about time someone put them out there. The YouTheDesigner (YTD) team updated this glossary of graphic design terms for design newbies and experienced artists alike.

A -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Acrobat A product developed by Adobe systems to create PDF (Portable Document Format) files. Acrobat

is an independent means of creating, viewing, and printing documents. Airbrush A tool using compressed air that to spray a liquid, such as paint, and ink. Often used in used in illustration and photo retouching. Alignment The adjustment of arrangement or position in lines of a text or an image —left, right, centered, etc. Alpha Channel The process of incorporating an image with a background to create the appearance of partial transparency. Alpha channels are used to create masks that allow you to confine or protect parts of an image you want to apply color, opacity, or make other changes. Analog Proof (Prepress Proof) A proof that uses ink jet, toner, dyes, overlays, photographic, film, or other methods to give a an idea of what the finished product should look like. Anchor Point Anchor points allow the user to manipulate a path’s shape or direction by clicking the point and moving it in a direction. They appear along the beginning of a path, at every curve, and at the end of a path. You can add or subtract anchor points on a path. Animated GIF A small animation based on continuous GIF images, giving the impression of movement or action. Animation Generating movement through a series of images/frames. Art Director The individual responsible for the selection, execution, production of graphic art. Ascenders The part of a letter, which extends above the mid line, such as ‘b’ or ‘d’. Asymmetrical This is when graphics and/or text are not identical on both sides of a central line.

B -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Bad Break Refers to widows or orphans in text copy; any break that causes awkward reading. Bar The horizontal or vertical line drawn through a grapheme (unit of writing, such as a letter). Sometimes

added to distinguish one grapheme from another. Baseline An imaginary line upon which letters sit and descenders extend below the baseline. Bevel A tool in design software for drawing angles or modifying the surface of your work to a certain inclination. Bezier Curve A parametric curve that represents a vector path in computer graphics. They are frequently drawn using a pen tool and by placing anchor points, which can be controlled to form curved shapes. Bitmap A series of bits that forms a structure representing a graphic image. The color of each pixel is individually defined. Bleed When a graphic object extends through another in an unwanted manner. It is then trimmed so there is no chance for a white line on the edges. Body Type The typeface used in the main text of a printed matter. Border The decorative design or edge of a surface, line, or area that forms it’s outer boundary. Branding The process involved in creating a unique name and image for a product in the consumers‘ mind, mainly through advertising campaigns with a consistent theme.

C -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Canvas Size Allows you to change the complete size of the document without adjusting the contents of the document

Clipping Path A tool or shape that’s used to cut out an image. Cloning Pixels A function that allows you to replicate pixels from one place to another. CMYK Stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black; this color model (also called process color, four color) is a subtractive color model used in color printing. Color Palette A set of colors that make up the total range of colors used in graphic computers. Comp (Comprehensive) Comps are made to see what the initial design project will look like before it’s printed, showing the layout of the text and illustrations. Complementary Colors The colors that are opposite of each other when viewed on the color wheel. Contrast The difference between the light and dark parts of an image. Copy This term refers to text supplied for incorporation into a design. Crop A tool that removes portions of an image. It is usually used in digital photography.

D -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Descender The part of a lowercase letter that stretches below the baseline and body of the letter. Die Cut A die that cut shapes or holes in different materials to make the design stand out. Dingbat An ornament used in typesetting to add space around an image or a symbol. Dodge This is when you lighten or reduce part of an image by shading. Dot Gain As ink hits the paper, it is absorbed and spreads out. Double Page Spread A double page spread is a layout that extends across two pages. DPI (Dots Per Inch) A term referring the number of dots of ink used to describe the details of an image. Drop Shadow Is a visual effect added to an image to give the impression the image is raised above the

background by duplicating the shadow. Dummy A prototype or mock-up of a book, page, or any project designed to resemble and serve as a substitute for the real thing. Duotone A method of printing an image using two colors, usually black and a spot color.

E -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Ear The rounded part of the lowercase letters such as ‘g’ and ‘q’. Element Any distinct part of a layout such as the logo, headline, images, or borders. Embedding Process of transferring all the data of a font or image into a file. Emboss To give a three-dimensional effect to a text or an image by using highlights and shadows on the

sides of the illustration. Engraving To print designs by cutting the surface of a metal plate. EPS Stands for Encapsulated Post Script. This is a graphics file format used to transfer PostScript documents that contain an image, within another PostScript document. Etch To imprint a design onto the surface of a plate by using a chemical such as acid. Export To save a file in a format supported by other programs. E-Zine Stands for electronic magazine. Refers to the name of a website that is represented by a print magazine; an web-based magazine that you can subscribe to.

F -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Feathering A tool used in graphic design software that makes the edges of an image appear softer. Fill A tool used to fill selected parts of an image with a selected color. Filter A filter is a pre-created effect that can be applied to images to acquire a certain look. Flexography A printing technique where printing plates are made of rubber or soft plastic material and

then stretched around a drum on the press that rotates. Flyer A single sheet of paper handed out or posted on a wall to advertise or announce something. Focal Point In graphic design terms, the focal point is where you want to draw the reader’s or viewer’s eye. Font A complete combination of characters created in a specific type, style, and size. The set of characters in a font entails the letter set, the number set, and all of the special characters and marks you get when pressing the shift key or other command keys on your keyboard. 4-Color Process A printing technique that creates colors by combining, cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (cmyk). Frames Referring to animation, a frame is a single image in a series of graphic images. The speed of an animation is determined by the number of frames displayed per second or fps.

G -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Gang To combine multiple jobs on one print plate in order to reduce costs and setup charges. Gamut The range of colors available to a particular output device or a given color space, such as a laser

printer or an image setter. If the color range is too wide for that specific device, it is indicated as ‘out of gamut’. Gatefold A type of fold in which the paper is folded inward to form four or more panels. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) GIF images display up to 256 colors. It supports animation and allows an individual palette of 256 color for each frame. The color limitation makes the GIF format inappropriate for reproducing color photographs and other images with consistent color. GIF images are compressed using the LZW lossless data compression method to decrease the size of the file without corrupting the visual quality. Gradient A function in graphic software that permits the user to fill an object or image with a smooth transition of colors. Graphic Design Visual communication using text or images to represent an idea or concept. It is also a term used for all activities relating to visual design, including web design, logo design, etc. Graphics Visual presentations that feature printed messages that are clear and appealing. Grayscale Grayscale images consist of black, white, no color, and up to 256 shades of gray. Grid Is a two-dimensional format made up of a set of horizontal and vertical axes used to structure content. Gutter In book production, the white space formed by the inner margins of a spread near the books spine. Halftone (1) A photograph or scan of a consistent tone image to alter the image into halftone dots. (2) A photograph or continuous-tone illustration that has been halftoned and that is displayed on film, paper, printing plate, or the final printed product.

H -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Halo Effect A vague shadow sometimes surrounding halftone dots printed. Also called halation. The halo itself is called a fringe. Hard Copy The permanent reproduction of the output of a computer or printer. For example: teleprinter pages, continuous printed tapes, computer printouts, etc. Header The text which appears at the top of a printed page Headline A large text illustrating the opening statement used in a layout. Highlights Lightest part of a photograph or halftone, as opposed to mid-tones and shadows. High-Resolution Image An image with an extreme level of sharpness/clarity. HLS A color space that stands for hue, lightness, and saturation. HSB A color space stands for hue, saturation, and brightness. Hue One of the three primary attributes of color. A hue is a variety of color such as red, blue, green, or yellow.

I -----------------------------------------------------------------------------I-beam The form the pointer assumes when the text tool is chosen. Ideograph (also ideogram) A character or symbol representing an idea without expressing the punctuation

of a specific word or words for it. Image Map An image map is an HTML document containing multiple clickable hyperlinks. Imagesetter Laser output device for producing professional-quality text with extremely high resolution. Imposition A layout of pages on mechanicals or flats so they will appear in proper order after press sheets are folded and bound. Indents A set in or back from the margin. Initial Cap Big, capital letters which are found at the beginning of paragraphs or chapters. Inkjet Printer A printer that electrostatically sprays tiny ink droplets onto paper. Invert Inversion of the tonal values or colors of an image. On an inverted image, black becomes white, blue becomes orange, etc. Italic The style of letters that usually slope to the right. Used for emphasis within text.

J -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Jog To arrange sheets of paper into a neat, compact pile. JPEG (Joint Photographic Electronic Group) A common process for compressing digital images. (Also expressed as .jpg) Justify This refers to making a block of type a certain length by adding space to the words and letters in each line.

K -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Kerning Modifying the horizontal space between letters. Keyframe Any frame in which a specific aspect of an item (its size, location, color, etc.) is specifically defined.

Keyline A keyline is another name for a rule, line, or even a frame border. Keyline options can be set

through design software applications to adjust the width, to be solid or dotted, or to show different patterns.

L -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Layers A tool within graphic software that permits the user to gather, organize, and re-edit their artwork. Leading Refers to the amount of added vertical spacing between lines of text. Leaf One piece of paper in a publication. Legend A table inside a project that lists vital illustrations or instructions; footnote that helps users better

understand information. Letterpress A technique of printing where movable type is inked and then pressed against paper to create an impression. Also called block printing.

Lossless Refers to a form of data compression where the detail is maintained and no data is lost after file

downsizing. The lossless compression method is often used in TIFF and GIF formats. Lossy A form of data compression where detail is deleted as the file size is decreased. JPEG is an example of a lossy compression method. Lower Case The smaller form of letter used in type. Low-Resolution Image A low-quality scan made from a photograph or the like. Luminosity The brightness of an area arranged by the amount of light it reflects or diffuses.

M -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Magic Wand Tool A tool in graphic software that permits the user to select fractions of an image such as

areas with the same color. Margins Guidelines in a page layout software that shows a user the body copy areas. It also allows the user to indicate the dimensions. Margins are not supposed to be printed. Mask See clipping path. Master Page A property found in a page layout software that allows the user to create a constant page layout. Repeating elements—like page numbers—are created once on a master. This permits the user to stay clear of adding the numbers for each page manually. Matte Finish Non-glossy finish on photographic paper or coated printing paper. Mean Line Also called x-height. The imaginary point of all lowercase characters without ascenders. Midtones In a photograph or illustration, tones composed by dots between 30 percent and 70 percent of coverage, as opposed to highlights and shadows. Mock Up A recreation of the original printed material; could possibly contain instructions or directions. Modern An altered version of Old Style. these high-contrast letters have heavy, untapered stems and light serifs. Originally established by Firmin Didot and Giambattista Bodoni during the late 18th to early 19th centuries. Multimedia Offering the use of various communications such as text, sound, and still or moving images.

N -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Negative Space Also known as white space. The area of a page that doesn’t contain images or words. Neon Glow A type of glow on a graphic image that gives the appearance of neon lighting. News Print Paper used in printing newspapers; not considered a high-quality paper. Noise Noise is a term used to describe the development of pixels that contain random colors.

O -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Oblique A Roman typeface which slants to the right. Often confused with italics. Offset Printing A printing method that transfers ink from a plate to a blanket to paper as opposed to di-

rectly inking from plate to paper. Old Style A style of type characterized by slight contrast between light and heavy strokes and slanting serif. Opacity The degree of a color or tonal value. The opacity of an image or object that can range from transparent (0% opacity) to opaque (100% opacity). The ability to edit the opacity of specific objects allows the designer to create images that seem to flow into and through one another. OpenType A font format created by Adobe and Microsoft. Open Type font can include a set of glyphs defined as True Type or Type 1 curves. Orphan Line The first line of a paragraph appearing on its own at the bottom on a page with the remaining part of the paragraph appearing on the next page. Outline This can refer to the outside edge of a font or the outer edge of a vector graphic image drawn in a package such as Illustrator or Freehand. Overlay Layer of material taped to a mechanical photo or proof. Acetate overlays are used to divide colors by having some type or art on them instead of on the mounting board. Tissue overlays are used to carry instructions about the underlying copy and to protect the base art. Overprint To print additional material or another color over a previously printed image.

Over Run Additional printed material beyond order. Over run policy differs in the printing industry, usually within 10% of the original quantity run.

P -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Page Layout Deals with the setup and style of content on a page. An example of a page layout is the pag-

es in magazines or brochures. Page Size A setting that allows the user to define the size of the page they are creating their artwork on. Pantone Matching System The Pantone matching system is used for defining and blending match colors. It accommodates designers with swatches of over 700 colors and gives printers the formulas for making those colors. PDF Stands for Portable Document Format. Developed by Adobe Systems in its software program, Adobe Acrobat, to serve as a universal browser. Files can be downloaded over the web and viewed page by page, provided the user’s computer has installed the application. Pica A unit of measurement for type. Commonly used for typewriters. Pixel The smallest picture content that can be individually assigned a color. Plate A piece of paper, metal, plastic, or rubber carrying an image to be duplicated using a printing press. PNG Portable Network Graphics format. PNG (usually pronounced “ping”), is used for lossless compression. The PNG format displays images without jagged edges while keeping file sizes rather small, making them popular on the web. PNG files are generally larger than GIF files. PPI Pixels Per Inch. A measurement of the resolution of a computer display. Primary Colors The primary colors are put together to produce the full range of other colors (non-primary colors), within a color model. The primary colors for the additive color model is red, green, and blue. The primary colors for the subtractive color model is cyan, magenta, and yellow.

Q -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Quick Mask A filter in Photoshop in which a translucent colored mask covers selective areas of an image. Quick Time QuickTime was developed by Apple Computer. It’s built into the Macintosh operating system computers and is used for displaying and editing animation.

R -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Ragged The imbalanced alignment of text lines. Ragged is the opposite of flush. A text block may be for-

matted to be evenly flush (align) right and unevenly aligned (ragged) on the left. Rasterize An image is said to be rasterized when transformed from vector image to a bitmapped image. When opening a vector image in a bitmap-based editing program, you are generally presented with a dialog box of options for rasterizing the image. Resample A function accessible in image editing that permits the user to change the resolution of the image while keeping its pixel count intact. Resolution The resolution of an image is an important factor in deciding the attainable output quality. The higher the resolution of an image, the less pixelated it will be and the curves of the image will appear smoother. RGB (Red, Green, Blue) RGB is the color model used to project color on a computer monitor. By combining these three colors, a large percentage of the visible color spectrum can be represented. Rich Media Rich media are banner ads that use technology more developed than standard GIF animation. For example: Flash, Shockwave, streaming video, etc. Right Justified Type aligned with its right margin. Also known as “flush right.” RIP (Raster Image Processor) Transfers fonts and graphics into raster images, which are used by the printer to draw onto the page. Rivers A river is a typographic term for the ugly white gaps that can appear in justified columns of type when there is too much space between words on concurrent lines of text. Rivers are particularly common in narrow columns of text, where the type size is relatively large.

Royalty-Free Photos Intellectual property like photos and graphic images that are sold for a single stan-

dard fee. These can be used repeatedly by the purchaser only, but the company that sold the images usually still owns all the rights to it.

S -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Sans Serif A style of typeface that means “without feet.” Usual sans serif typefaces include Arial, Helveti-

ca, AvantGarde, and Verdana. Saturation The intensity of hue. The quality of difference from a gray of the same lightness or brightness. Scale A design or program is said to scale if it is relevantly efficient and reasonable when applied to larger situations. Screen Printing Technique of printing by using a squeegee to force ink through an assembly of mesh fabric and a stencil. Selection Selection refers to an area of an image that is isolated so it can be edited while the rest of the image is protected. Shadow Detail Shadow detail refers to the amount of detail held in the dark areas of an image. If the shadow is lightened too much in an attempt to expose more detail, you run the risk of reducing the overall contrast of the image. Sharpen To reduce in color strength, as when halftone dots become smaller; opposite of “thicken” or “dot spread.” Small Caps Capital letters that are about the same height as the tvpeface’s x-height. Some software programs automatically create their own small caps, but true small caps are often only found in expert typefaces. Spread (1) Two pages that face each other and are created as one visual or production unit. (2) Method of slightly enlarging the size of an image to make a hairline trap with another image. Also called fatty. Subtractive Color A term defining the three subtractive primary colors: cyan, magenta, and yellow. As opposed to the three additive colors: red, blue, and green.

T -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Template Refers to a printing project’s basic details with regard to its dimensions. A general layout. Text Wrap A term used in page layout software, specifically to the way text can be shaped around the edges of images.

Thumbnail A thumbnail is a reduced-size version of the original image. TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) A graphic file format used for storing images . TIFF is a commonly used file format for high color depth images. Tint A color is made lighter by adding white, this is called a tint. Tolerance Tolerance is the range of pixels a tool in graphic software functions in. Or the range of shade or color pixels a Magic Wand selects, etc. Tonal Distribution Tones can be redistributed during the scanning or image editing process. To lighten dark images or to darken light images. Trim Size The size of the printed material in its finished stage. True Color System A true color system is a 24-plane graphics sub-system which composes the entire range of 16.7 million colors. Typeface A typeface consists of a series of fonts and a full range of characters such as, numbers, letters, marks, and punctuation. Typography The art of arranging type—which includes letters, numbers, and symbols—so that it is pleasing to the eye. This includes not only the font that is used but how it is arranged on the page: letter by letter, size, line spacing, etc.

U -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Uncoated Paper This is paper that doesn’t have a coating applied to it for smoothness. Unsharp Mask A method used to heighten the sharpness or focus of images by selecting and increasing the contrast of pixels alongside the edges of images.

Uppercase Also known as capital letters, they are the larger characters in a typeface. UV Coating A glossy coating applied to the paper surface and dried using ultraviolet light. It is glossy and adds a certain level of protection to the printed material.

V -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Value This refers to the degree of lightness or darkness of a color. Varnish This is a liquid coating applied to a surface for protection and for a glossy effect. Vector Graphic Vector graphics allow the designer to expand or reduce the vector graphic in size without any loss in quality using curves, points, lines, and polygons. Verso The left-hand page of a book or a manuscript.

W -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Watermark Translucent design impressed on paper created during manufacture, it is visible when held to light.

Web-Safe Colors A color table containing only 216 out of a possible 256 colors, used to accurately match the colors of graphics and pictures in cross-platform web browsers. Weight The range of a stroke’s width. Also knows as semi-bold, light, and bold. Some typeface families have many weights like ultra-bold and extra-light. Associated to the heaviness of the stroke for a specific font, such as Light, Regular, Book, Demi, Heavy, Black, and Extra Bold. White Point One of a handful of reference illuminants used to define the color “white”. Based on the application, different definitions of white are needed to give sufficient results. White Point Adjustment A white point adjustment establishes the amount of highlighted detail in an image. Widow Line A single line of a paragraph at the bottom of a page or column. Width Refers to whether the basic typeface has been lengthened or compressed horizontally. The typical variations are Condensed, Normal, or Extended. Word Processing Program A software application package that assists in creating, editing, and printing Work and Turn This is when you print on one side of a sheet of paper, then you turn the sheet over from left to right and print the other side. The same gripper and plate are used for this process. WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get. This is an approximate screen representation of what the final printed image will look like.

X -----------------------------------------------------------------------------X-Height This is the height of the lowercase letters that do not have ascenders or decenders, such as a, c, e and mm

Y -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Yellow One of the subtractive primary colors of CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) that is used in four-color process inks.

Z -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Zip Stands for Zone Information Protocol: This is a way of compressing files into a smaller size, so they can be transferred with more ease over the Internet or any other means. Zoom Most design software lets you zoom in or out on an image to get a closer or farther away look. Zooming in is especially useful when photo retouching or working on tiny details.

Works Cited “238 - IMoire - Interactive Moire Pattern Explorer - Vince Scheib.” 238 - IMoire - Interactive Moire Pattern Explorer - Vince Scheib. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2016.

“Josef and Anni Albers Foundation.” Josef and Anni Albers Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2016.

“Types of Binding - Back to Basics.” Student Bookbinding. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2016.