A Shared Future The View from Chickenbone Park
Xinbo Du, Josh Leab, Courtney Shultz, Sadie Walters December, 2015
Greenspace = Community Health & Well-being
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• •
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• Reduces stress • Improves cognitive functions • Supports community cohesion that in turn promotes social capital and sense of community • Encourages interaction regardless of sociodemographics
Promotes community sustainability from natural disasters Biodiversity enhancement Mitigates UV, improves air quality and moderates temperatures Increases land values • Availability and proximity of parks are associate with increased physical activity • Increased PA reduces the severity of several noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, some cancers, osteoporosis and psychological disorders
Durham Demographics Durham'County,'NC' Asian& 4%&
Durham'County,'NC'
Other& 8%& Seniors& 10%&
Other& 6%&
North&Carolina& Asian& 2%& Black& 22%& White& 70%&
United'States' Asian& 5%&
Other& 9%&
Adult(18/64)& 68%&
North&Carolina& Seniors& 13%&
Adult(18064)& 63%&
United'States' Seniors& 13%&
Black& 12%& White& 74%&
Child& 24%&
Child& 24%&
Adult(18064)& 63%&
Total Population by Age
Black& 38%&
Total Population by Race
White& 50%&
Child& 22%&
Durham Crime Distribution
Chickenbone Park
Durham Greenspace Allocation
Area in Tree Canopy, Percentage by Census Tract
Population with Park Access (Within 0.5 Mile)
Durham’s Built Environment Character of Downtown Durham
Greenfire Development
Behavior Mapping in Chickenbone park
9.23.15 Wednesday 11:45am-12:45pm
10.24.15 Saturday 11:45am-12:45pm
Feedback from Daily Users
User Preferences
s
s
Existing Power Structure City
Developer
City Council Policy maker
Gurley’s Pharmacy
bo
ne
City Planner
C Pa hick rk en
Residents Local Community Participant Home & Food Insecure
LUNA Rotisserie and Empanadas Dell’s Barber & Spa
Church Orgnization
Wednesday Church Group
Family involved
Provider
Small Business
Dogwalker The Carolina Times The News and Observer Daily Users
Heraldsun.com
Media
Tourists
Structure changes City
Developer
City Council
City Planner
Policy maker
ne
Gurley’s Pharmacy
C Pa hick rk en
bo
LUNA Rotisserie and Empanadas
Residents Local Community Participant Home & Food Insecure
Dell’s Barber & Spa
Church Orgnization
Wednesday Church Group
Small Business
Family involved
Dogwalker
Provider The Carolina Times The News and Observer
Daily Users
Heraldsun.com
Media
Tourists
Three Approaches to Chickenbone Park -Just Green Enough -Small Win -Equitable Development
Public Private Partnerships and how they fail
Just Green Enough a gentle touch on the landscape decided upon through a truly democratic process
Strong Leadership
Refusal of Displacement
Rootedness of people
Perception of Equality
Democratic Process
Precedent- Just Green Enough Green-point, Brooklyn -Helping a community meet its needs without making it too appealing to outsiders -Avoided parks, cafes and a riverwalks that would have increased property values -Maintains property values of surrounding area while expanding access to water
The Newton Creek Nature Walk in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, Flickr/Garrett Ziegler
A.F.H. Nature Park, L.A. Augustus F. Hawkins Nature Park -Appropriate Design using high quality materials that resonate with the community -A well designed park that improves quality of life without contributing to gentrification
Public Private Partnerships and how they succeed
Small Win
making the most of the inevitable (co-existence)
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ents - dog wa lke sid re
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We city- p dn lan
Wednesday group
sitors-ow s-vi n nt
-daily users -Wed group -Luna
nearby worke rs/
All user groups
Luna ers-polic y ann pl
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Precedent- Small Win Weaver Street Market, Carrboro, NC 1. limited greenspace 2. progressive government 3. provides gathering space for locals 4. supports music events, restaurants, local vendors 5. equitable development 6. community resource 7. community bonding 8. community growth 9. community sustainability
“It’s always been terrific in Carrboro, with the lawn, the outside seating, the dogs, the children, take your time kind of place.� -Carrboro resident
Design Possibilities ns
initial Luna/existing
symbiotic growth
others want in
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Applying it to Durham One possibility is to take the revenue that Luna is giving the city for public space rental and appropriate the funds for the continual upkeep of the park and assistance to supplement the existing meal ministry program. They can use this rent money to fix old broken tables/benches, build and install new tables/benches, and/or install a new seating system that better
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accommodates the Wednesday lunch crowd. Another possibility is to establish a deal with Luna to allow public to use the new patio seating after restaurant hours. Such a collaboration would emphasize the principles of quasi-public spaces such that the new patio accessible and remains a part of the park available to the public when not in use by Luna.
Public Private Partnerships and the shortcomings of site specific solutions
Urban Renewal and Chickenbone Park
Symbolism & Story “Social history is embedded in urban landscapes. Places make memories cohere in complex ways. People’s experiences of the urban landscape intertwine the sense of place and the politics of space. If people’s attachments to places are material, social and imaginative then these are necessary dimensions of new projects to extend public history in the urban landscape, as well as new histories of American cultural landscapes and the buildings within them.”- Delores Hayden
http://www.opendurham.org/buildings/geer-building
Equitable Development nmental impr ov viro em en
Development of mixed use livable communities that will reduce the dependency and use of natural resources in an innovative way
things to consider human rights inclusive social and economic development reduction of local/regional disparities sustainability retain and develop local small business preserve/enhance cultural and historical qualities peace and security inclusion of meaningful community voice/participation/leadership/ownership
ic improve nom m e nt eco s
improvements cial o s
ts en
housing,) while solidifying the social fabric of the city by creating connectivity among diverse communities
equitable development
focus and commitment to balanced growth and equitable impacts
Precedent- Equitable Development Atlanta Beltline, Atlanta, GA
Objectives 1. Enhance quality of life for residents 2. Create long term job opportunities for residents 3. Preserve single family homes 4. Minimize Involuntary Economic Displacement 5. Preserve and enhance cultural qualities 6. Retain and develop small local businesses
Aerial Rendering of the Atlanta BeltLine from the Northeast
“Equitable in this context expands beyond equal treatment, and focuses on effectively meeting the needs of the diverse groups of individuals and communities that share the BeltLine, enabling all areas to experience healthy growth.�
Toolkit
Application of Equitable Development in Durham How to use toolkit...with Inclusion the action or state of including or of being included within a group or structure When to use...early What to use...
1. provide an understanding of greenspace 2. outline a common language 3. engage the public/ listen to community 4. identify stakeholders 5. set outcomes 6. research/ analyze data 7. determine benefit/ burden efficient 8. address opportunity/ minimize harm 9. evaluate and measure benefits 10. set standards that support health and welfare
individal interpersonal organizational community sustainable society
effective
STANDARDS: cultural and natural resource protection, equitable, healthy, local, sustainable, multi-party economic benefits
References Atlanta Beltline Equitable Development Plan, Retrieved from http://beltline.org/, November 2015 Dai, D. (2011) Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Urban Green Space Accessibility: Where to Intervene? Landscape and Urban Planning. 102, 234-244 Curran, Winifred and Hamilton, Trina (2012) Just Green Enough: Contesting Environmental Gentrification in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. Local Environment. 17 (9), 1027-1042 Fainstein, S. S. (2010). The just city Cornell University Press. Griffin, Toni. (2015) Defining the Just City Beyond Black and White. The Just City Essays. 1 (6-9) Hayden, D. (1997). Urban landscape history: The sense of place and the politics of space. Understanding Ordinary Landscapes, , 111-133. Wolch, Byrne and Newell (2014) Urban Green Space, Public Health, and Environmental Justice: The Challenge of Making Cities ‘Just Green Enough.’ Landscape and Urban Planning. 125 234-244
Artwork Lukova, Luba, Social Justice Series: Income Gap. 2008