시민사회와 SDGs 포럼 자료집 by KoFID

시민사회와 SDGs ‘지속가능한 개발을 위한 글로벌 파트너십’을 중심으로

일시: 2014년 11월 11일 화요일 15:00-18:00 ■ 장소: 사회복지공동모금회 대강당 ■ 주최: ■

시민사회와 SDGs ‘지속가능한 개발을 위한 글로벌 파트너십’을 중심으로

목차 ----------------------------------------------------------------------프로그램 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙7

----------------------------------------------------------------------발표자료 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙9

----------------------------------- 11 1. 지속가능발전목표(SDGs) 한국시민사회 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙11 - 이성훈 한국인권재단 상임이사 / KCOC 정책센터장 -----------------------------------2. 국가별협의소개 및 UN My world소개 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙13

-이현아 지구촌빈곤퇴치시민네트워크(GACP) 간사 ------------------------------------------------------------- 23 3. 시민사회 역할 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙23 -전지은 국제개발협력민간협의회(KCOC) 정책센터 대리 -------------------------------------------------4. Enabling Environment∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 31

-문도운 국제개발협력시민사회포럼(KoFID) 간사 -----------------------------------------------------5. 국제개발협력 책무성∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙43

-조이슬 ODA Watch 간사

캄보디아회의 공유문서 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙45 -------------------------------------------------------- 53 시민사회입장문서 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙93 ------------------------------------------------------------- 101 이슈브리프 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙93 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 125

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Post-2015/SDGs 관련 주요 사이트 안내 유엔 및 국제기관 1) www.worldwewant2015.org 2) www.endpoverty2015.org – UN Millennium Campaign 3) www.post2015hlp.org/ - High-level Panel 4) www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/untaskteam_undf 5) sustainabledevelopment.un.org – OWG on SDGs 6) www.myworld2015.org 7) www.uncsd2012.org/

국제시민사회 1) www.beyond2015.org 2) www.whiteband.org – GCAP 3) www.socialwatch.org 4) www.civicus.org 5) www.csopartnership.org – CPDE 6) adaasia2015.org – ADA 7) www.iisd.ca 8) www.action2015.org/ – action/2015 Campaign

국내 단체 1) www.mofa.go.kr/trade/development/ – 외교부 개발협력국 2) www.odakorea.go.kr – ODA Korea 3) www.koica.go.kr – 한국국제협력단(KOICA) 4) www.ngokcoc.org – 국제개발협력민간협의회(KCOC) 5) www.kofid.org – 국제개발협력시민사회포럼(KoFID) 6) www.mdgkorea.org – 지구촌빈곤퇴치시민네트워크(GCAP-Korea) 7) www.odawatch.net – ODA Watch 8) www.humanrights.or.kr – 한국인권재단

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프로그램

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발표자료 1. 지속가능발전목표(SDGs) 한국시민사회 - 이성훈 한국인권재단 상임이사 / KCOC 정책센터장

2. 국가별협의소개 및 UN My world소개 -이현아 지구촌빈곤퇴치시민네트워크(GACP) 간사

3. 시민사회 역할 -전지은 국제개발협력민간협의회(KCOC) 정책센터 대리

4. Enabling Environment -문도운 국제개발협력시민사회포럼(KoFID) 간사

5. 국제개발협력 책무성 -조이슬 ODA Watch 간사

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SDGs ଞ˲‫ی׷ݤ‬ୣ ┊ệ㑞㋲ଃ┎ଢ╂ၾ / KCOC ▫⹳Ồ⻆┻ / KoFID ⑊⎗⒚⑦ alee7080@gmailcom

ʎ˗ X

Post-2015 লᦲ⓮▲ = ❖ἣখျᦲ▚ᠿㇲ(SDGs) ¾

17ল ᠿㇲ 169ল Ỏᬖᠿㇲ

SDG⓮ ଂ☆

Sustainable Development (❖ἣখျᦲ▚) :

㏮੓ (ெ㑚ᩖ㏪) ফ☆

઒ਆ ゾᖂၺ┚ⓒᗲ⓮ 㐢ୖ Ꭶဪ Ṟᗲ⑊ ゾᖂၺ┚?

Goals (ᠿㇲ)

ଃ▲ᨫ┊ ⋚ၢ (ᨫ▗ ଂἣệ) ▫⯮▗ ㋿⓮

Ỏᬖᠿㇲ (target)઒ ❖ㇲ (indicators)খ ⚧␪

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2015 િԜЬࢎ ࢷ୚ࢂ ଥ

MDGs ゾᖂၺ┚ (2000-15)

SDGs ゾᖂၺ┚ (2016-30)

Ṃ㐢ᦲ▚ ⚧₂

❖ἣখျᦲ▚ (੓▲, Ṃ㐢, ㏮੓)

ஏ₂㋲ ᯞ੺ ⚧₂

ᠾቶ ㎫⹲ ᯞ੺઒ ᬞㅟኇ দἢ

লᅚଃ ⚧₂ : লᦲ⑦☆

᪊ㅎệ (লᅚଃ-Ặ❚ଃ) : ▫⧛┒ખệ

লᦲ⑦☆ (ઋ⎂ଃ -> ᾮ⑦ଃ)

লᦲ㎧ᖻ アぎພ₃ :ᬖṆアぎພ₃, ฾฾㎧ᖻ ኇ

লᦲ╂⑦: ODA ⚧₂

লᦲ╂⑦ : Ỏஞ, ᣊ⎃, ⿂┦ ኇ.

Global Partnership for Development

Global Partnership for Sustainable Development

┦ᦲ▗ ┊㌟᪊੶

⧛ᣊệ ៪ⱺၞ✮

MDGဪ ြ⍞❖ᝢ SDGဪ ???

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‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࠧ SDGsࢺॷܶջ˒ࢺ߻ۭࡿ ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࡿ ࠄଜ

2014.11.11 KCOC ࢺॷ‫۾‬ਜ਼ ࢴऌࡲ

Post-2015 ࡿ ؎ʾ • 2014ϔ 11ࡓ ୀ࢟ Post-2015 ʋ؅ࡿࢼ ϟࡿВ OWG-SDGɹ ऌΟ 7ࡓ 17ʋ ֹ૯ࠧ 169ʋࡿ ‫ֹْۼ‬૯ ܶջࡳ ˀ̘Ը࠰ (‫ֹ( ߵב ࠧ)ࢴٵ‬૯) лଛ ϟࡿВ ࢇЬԀ ѵ˅ ˮ঎ࢳࢆ ֹ૯ (‫ֹ ْۼ‬૯ target)˒ ߪӇʬ (ॷ‫֦ ۺב‬৯Пई, ࢄପܶЬ˒ રચμ‫ ߻)ݨ‬лଛ ओࣵࢳࢆ ϟࡿԸ ࢴୗ. • ऌ̤̓ऌВ SDG-OWG߻ۭࡿ ୃࡿ (consultation) ࣵ‫ ۭ߻ݧ‬2014ϔ 11ࡓ փ ࡧ߽ ‫בۉ‬ণ࢝ ࣔଟ‫ ۭ˅ؼ‬؅ɻࡳ ˀ̘Ը ࢺْɻ ୃ‫ە‬ (negotiation) ָғԸ ࢴୗ • ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠВ ࢒঎ ˩ࡨ˒ ୓‫ࡿ ׽ ؼ‬ʷ ܶԯ˒ ࢼ঴߻ۭ ˮ঎ࢳࢆ ১ ૐࢆ˒ Ը‫ٵ‬Ը ࢴୗ • Post-2015 છட 2015ϔࡲ ଛ˯ ࢺْࠧ ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠ߻ ֍ࡆ ࣵ࠾ଛ ̘ୠ ࢄ࢒ ѣࢴ. • ˯έࢳࡰԸ 2015ϔࡲ ࢼ1५ ODA ۱ऎ୕،߄(2011-2015)ࢄ ࣔՋѵ ߪ ࢼ2५ ˀୡࡳ ࣮‫ٵ‬ଙВ ‫̘ݡ‬. • SDGsɹ ܶջѵֱ ࢄВ 2016ϔْਜ਼ ˯ࢼʋ؅ࡿ ۗԸࡈ ઼ԙЩࢋ˒ ଋԣࢋࡰԸ ˯έࡿ ࢺॷ ଋԣࢋࡐ਷ ӓଛ ਷ʬ ‫س‬ʾѷ ʥࡰԸ ࠓ‫ە‬. • ҩӿۭ SDG ؎ʾ˒ έࡅ߻ лଛ ࢄଢծ ‫׿‬੏ࡰԸ SDGs ঎ࢼծ ࣮‫ٵ‬ ଜ ଔ࠾ɹ ࢎࡵ.

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Post-2015 ʋ؅ࡿࢼ ܶջ˒ࢺ ஍կѣ

ऌ‫ܓ‬ɹЙ؅ࢴֹ૯(SDGs) ߄ 1. ֻҘ ˲ɼ߾۰ ‫ݥࣗ ࡶˊٺ‬ଞЬ. 2. ̛߅ձ ̒ࢸଜˈ, ࠒߦۘ੓ձ ʎ۴ଜֲ, ए‫ ܖ‬ɼМଞ Ϩ߶ࡶ ऎऑଞЬ. 3. ֻҘ ‫ی‬ԆҚࢇ ʢʈଞ ‫ ࡶۓ‬ϼջЬ. 4. ֻҘ ‫ی‬Ԇࡶ ࡢଞ ߦओࢂ ˬ࡫˕ ૡۢଝ‫̛ ݡ‬ୣձ ࢿ˓ଞЬ. 5. ֻҘ एࠇ߾۰ ߦ‫۽‬ૡҟࡶ б‫۽‬ଜˈ ࠆ‫ࠇ ࢂ߅ࠆ·۽‬ԛࡶ ʈ୘ଞЬ. 6. ֻҘ ‫ی‬Ԇࢇ ࢇࡈ ɼМଜֲ ए‫ ܖ‬ɼМଞ ‫ࡈی‬ԛࢂ ‫ࢠؿ ࡶۢࡢ ܹࠪݥ‬ଞЬ. 7. ֻҘ ‫ی‬Ԇ߾ʯ ए‫ܖ‬ɼМଞ ߾οएձ ‫ࢠؿ‬ଞЬ. 8. ए‫·ࢶܖ‬૦˘ࢶ·ए‫ܖ‬ɼМଞ ˁࢿ‫ߦ ˕ࡈˈࢷࠬ ࢶۏۢ ؀ ࢠ۽‬ओࢂ ࢊ࢕չձ ऎऑ‫੃ݤ‬ Ь. 9. ए‫ ܖ‬ɼМଞ ‫ی‬ୣ̛؆‫ݤ‬۶ ‫߶ۏ ؀‬୘ձ ऎऑ‫ࢠ ࡶݦୂ ˈੁݤ‬ԮଞЬ. 10. ˲ɼΰ·˲ɼɾ ٙૡҟࡶ ࠬ୘(Reduce)ଞЬ. 11. ૦˘ࢶࢇֲ ߇ࢷଜˈ ए‫ܖ‬ɼМଞ Ѧ‫ࢉ ࠪݤ‬ɾࢽ࣯एձ ࣏‫۽‬ଞЬ. 12. ए‫ ܖ‬ɼМଞ ‫ ۏۢ·ٸܕ‬િ੠ࡶ ऎऑ‫੃ݤ‬Ь. 13. ̛୯‫ض‬୘ࠪ ̐Ի ࢉଞ ࠒଯࡶ ࢿʠ(Tackle)ଞЬ. 14. ଥߦ·‫؂‬Ь· ଥߦ࢕ࡕࡶ ‫࣑ؿ‬ଜˈ ए‫ ܖ‬ɼМଞ ࣱܹ߾۰ࢂ ‫ ࡶࡈی‬ѧԮଞЬ. 15. ࡫एۢ੓˃ձ ‫୎ؿ‬ଜˈ ए‫ ܖ‬ɼМଞ ࣱܹ߾۰ࢂ ‫ ࡶࡈی‬ऎऑ‫ی ֲੁݤ‬ւ୘, ੵएଢ଼ ૢ୘,ۢ‫י‬Ьߦ‫ࣸ ࡶݨܘ ۽‬Я‫੃ݤ‬Ь. 16. ૡ୘ࢶࢇˈ ૦˘ࢶࢉ ‫ی‬ୣ, ֻѿɼ ࢻ̒ଟ ܹ ࢑Е ‫ࢿئی‬Ѧ, ୪˕ࢶࢇˈ ࠇԛࡶ ʉশ ࢽٕձ ୙վଞЬ. 17. ࢇଭܹЯ ‫ ؀‬ए‫ܖ‬ɼМଞ ʎ؈ࡶ ࡢଞ ̔Ի‫ أ‬ળઝο‫ ࡶݫ‬ʈ୘ଞЬ.

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‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠ CSO(Civil Society Organization)ԁ? CSOВ ːࢳ ࠏࠄ߻ۭ ː੹ࡿ ːࢅࡳ ࡟ଢ ‫״ݡ‬җ߻ ࡿଢ ࣌ ऍѶ ָҕ ‫࢝ݡٵ‬, ‫ࢄ˔̘ ْࢺٵ‬ӿ˅ ࢺࡿ. ୠࡒࡳ ‫׿‬੏ࡰ Ը ଛ CSO, лࡿծ ࡟ଛ CSO, ۭ‫ ࡿݧࣵ ݘٵ‬CSOҜ Щߣଛ ࣔ գࡿ Ь঎җࢄ ࢎЩ. ऌࠄ‫ۉ‬ୠ ࣵ‫ ࡿݧ‬Ь঎ࠧ վࡳୃୠ, ୗʾ Ь঎, ࠃ‫ۺ‬Ь঎, ϥ‫ୃ״‬ୠ, ࣔ˩Ь঎, ϝ࣌, ୃѭ࣌ଟ, ࢴ‫ה‬ɹ ୃୠ ,‫ە‬ːୠࡿ‫ܒ‬, Ѥջࠆˮ‫ܒ‬, ‫ࠏٵ‬ն ߬ԺЬ঎ Ҝࢄ CSOࡿ ࠓɹ ѷ ܶ ࢎЩ.

- ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠ ʋ؅୧˒‫࡟ ࡳۺ‬ଛ ޺߿ջ ˯ࢼ ଋԣࢋࡐ਷ ࣵ

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SDGs ࣬࠾ ࢧࢷ – ˯ࢼ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࡿ ˔ࢷ߻ۭ 1) ‫ؼ‬૙‫( ۺ‬universality)ࡿ ࡿ‫˯ ࠧײ‬έࢳ ࢳࡅ • SDGsВ ָҕ Μӿ߻ ࢳࡅଛЩВ ‫ؼ‬૙‫ ࡿۺ‬ੲл߻ۭ ˮল, अ ʋ ѣ˯˒ ۱ऎ˯ ָѼ ָҕ SDGծ ࢳࡅଙ̘ ࡟ଛ ࢺॷ ܶջࢄ ࠾ˮ Ѹ. ࠃ̘ۭ ࢺॷࢇ˔‫ ࢄۺ‬ʅ࣌Ѹ. ҩӿۭ ɺɺ ֹ૯ࠧ ‫ֹבۼ‬૯ ծ ଛ˯߻ ߪӇʬ ࢳࡅଜ ʥࢆɹ߻ лଛ ϟࡿɹ ଔ࠾ଞ. 2) ࢳࢺଛ ֹ૯ࡿ ܶ • ୀ࢟ SDGsВ 17ʋ ֹ૯ࠧ 169ʋ ‫ֹْۼ‬૯Ը ˮ‫ۺ‬. ࢄծ ‫੹ܒ‬ଙ ̘ ݊ࡈ 10ʋ έ࠶Ը ࣯ࠃߛ ଛЩВ ࣬࢝ࢄ ࢼ̘ѵऌր ‫߻ܶܒ‬ ֛‫( ࡵࢎ ˅ז‬ଛ˯, ࠏ˯ Ҝ) ̘࣎ ֹ૯ࡿ έࡅࡳ ল‫ ܒ‬ϹԀଙऌ ߆ࡰֱۭ ୧˒ࢳࡰԸ ࢟ˮ‫ۺ‬ଢۭ ࢄଢ ‫੹ܒ ׽‬ଙ̘ ݊ࡈ ୆੐Ը րҗ ଔ࠾ɹ ࢎࡵ. (ࠓ, ‫ۉ‬ୠ, ʾࢼ, ୗʾ ٔߛࡿ ֹ૯ ੹ଟ)

SDGs ࣬࠾ ࢧࢷ – ˯ࢼ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࡿ ˔ࢷ߻ۭ 3) ऌ‫ܓ‬ɹЙʋ؅ ࢟ࡒ վԭ • ‫੾ˇٷ‬৑߻ۭ ODAࡿ ࠄଜ˒ ‫ ࣵٵ‬ʀ‫ ߻ܒ‬ҩխ ۗԸࡈ ି‫ࡒ࢟ ݣ‬ ࡿ ࣵ࠾‫ ۺ‬лѼ. ˯ࢼࢳ ५ࡒࡿːː࢟ࡒ վԭࢄ ࣵ࠾ଞ. ଛ૙ ˯ έʋ؅࢟ࡒࡰԸۭࡿ ‫ ۺ࠾ࣵ ࡿ̓ۼ‬ऋлѵֱۭ ࣌‫ۼ‬ୠ଑ɹ ࣵ ࠾ଛ ˒ࢼ. ࢄВ ‫ ࡿߛٔבۼ‬ʝ‫؜‬ο‫ݘ‬Ը ઃֵଛ ʝ‫؜‬ο‫ࢼ ݘ‬ѣ ࡿ ࣵ࠾ଛ ࠾‫ࢋܒ‬. ࢟ࡒ ˮল˒ ଞ͆ ࣬‫״‬॰ࠃࠓ‫ ࢼی‬Ҝ Щߣଛ ࢼѣࢳ ࢝৑ծ ૣଞଙВ ʥѣ ࣵ࠾. 4) ̑Ը‫ ؠ‬રચμ‫ݨ‬ • ‫੾ˇٷ‬৑ ˔ԭ Щߣଛ ٔߛ߻ۭ Щߣଛ ୆‫̑ ࡿݢ‬Ը‫ ؠ‬રચμ‫ݨ‬ ࢄ ୆‫ۺ‬ѵ˅ ‫ݡ‬ପѵ˅ ࢎࡵ. છட SDG ࢄପ ˔ԭ ْ‫ ی‬રચμ‫ݨ‬ ࡿ ࣵ࠾‫࠾ࣵ ࢄۺ‬ଙʬ лѼ. ̍ԙΜ ࢺ৑ࢳ ࢄࡧԸ BRICS ˯ɹВ ‫ ࢳ̎ܒ‬੐ѣ ʷऌଙ˅ ࢎࡵ. ˯ɹɻ ࢺ৑ࢳ ࢄଢ˔ˀࠧ ଶʬָ Пɹ ߂С ऌˮࢳ ‫੾ˇٷ‬৑ծ ࡟ଛ ॷ‫ ˒ۺב‬୧˒‫ ۺ‬ऋऎ ५ࡒ߻ ۭ ࢸ̏ଙВ ࢺ৑ࢳ ୗʾ ࣌‫࠾ࣵ ࢄۺ‬ଞ.

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SDGs ࣬࠾ ࢧࢷ – ˯ࢼ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࡿ ˔ࢷ߻ۭ 5) ॷ‫֦ ۺב‬৯Пई ୀ࢟ 16‫ ˒؞‬17‫ ߻؞‬г̚ ॷ‫֦ ۺב‬৯Пईࡲ ֍ࡆ ঽߜଞ. MDGs ‫ ۭ˅ؼ‬অԝ ࢒؅ࢳ ‫ ۭ˅ؼ‬؅ɻࡰԸ ̍৕ ɹЙ‫ ࢄۺ‬ցࡵ. ࢆ˽ٔߛࡿ ‫ؼ‬૙ࢳࢺԴʣੲ (UP R) অԝ ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠ Ҝ Щߣଛ ࢄଢ˔ˀ࢒ࡿ ॰ࠃଙ߻ ࢺ̘ࢳࡰԸ ːʋࢳࡰԸ ‫ۉݧ‬ծ ؄В ࢼѣࢳ ࢝৑ɹ վԭѵߪߛ ଞ. છட ˯έࢳ, ऌࠄࢳ, ̑Ը‫ ؠ‬५ࡒ ࡿ Щ৐ࢳ ֦৯Пई ܶջࢄ ֍ࡆ ࣵ࠾ଞ. ॷ‫ ۺב‬ʝ‫؜‬ο‫˔ ݘ‬ԭ Open Governm ent Partnership (OGP)ࡿ ࢴԕࢳ ୘ࡅѣ ࣵ࠾ଙʬ лѼ. 6) ָПਜ਼ս – Data Revolution ࢺْࡿ ੹ˀ ࢓‫ࠄ ۺ‬Ԙ ʅ୕ࠧ хٖߪ ‫ ࢄ״ݡ‬॰ࠃଙВ ָПਜ਼ս ֦৯Пईࡳ ˮলଙВ ʥࢄ ֍ࡆ ࣵ࠾ଞ. ࢄВ ࣬ࢆࡿ‫˅ࢼ ݢ‬ծ ੹ଛ ࢺз‫ ۺ‬ऋлࠧ ʋ؅ࢺ ॷࡿ ୧˒‫ ࢝ؼ ۺ‬५ࡒ߻ۭѣ ࢴԕࢳࡰԸ ࣵ࠾. ੹ˀВ Ьܸ ܽ࢒ɹ ߂Пӿ ֍ ࡆ ࢺ৑ࢳ! 7) ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࡿ ࠄଜ˒ ॰ࠃ ‫ْࢺ ࢼݥ‬ɻ ୃ‫ۉ״ݡ ߻ࢺ˒ە‬ୠࡿ ࡿʷࡳ ‫ࠏ؃‬ଙВ ֦৯Пई ˮলࢄ ࣵ࠾. ࢄВ ࢄ୬ SDG ࢄପ˒ࢺ߻ۭ ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࡿ ࣬ࢆࡿ‫؃̘ ߻ݢ‬ଛ ॰ࠃծ ˮলଙВ ѓ ଔܶࢳ. Щߣଛ ୆੐Ը ୃ‫ ࡳࢺ˒ ە‬ʀ‫ݡ‬ଙ˅ ॰ࠃଙВ ࢴԕࢄ ଔ࠾ଞ.

Post-2015 ʋ؅ࡿࢼ ܶջ ˒ࢺ߻ۭࡿ ଛ˯‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࡿ ୘ѭ Beyond 2015 Korea (2013) • ࢌ࢝‫ ۭה‬؅૯, ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࢺॷૣԝ, ‫ۭה‬ʅѤ‫ײۼ‬Μ, ࡐ਷‫ۥ‬, ࢺॷл ୕ Ҝࡿ ୘ѭࡳ ੹ଢ ଛ˯‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࡿ ࡿʷࡳ ܶԯଙ˅ ˯ࢼ ϟࡿ ˒ ࢺ߻ ॰ࠃ

action/2015 Korea (2014) • Action/2015 ̑Ը‫ ࡿؠ‬঴‫ ˒آ‬хٖߪ ˯έ ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠ߻ۭ ১ૐࢆࡳ ࣌ऍ • ࠜӿࢆ(~2013ϔ 8ࡓ), ࠚଋӿࢆ ১ૐࢆ ऎପ • 8ʋࡿ ࣬ࢼ‫̍ ش‬Ֆ(˩ࡨ, ̘୬‫୕س‬, ‫୕ה‬, ‫ؼ‬ʟ, ٖ૞Ҝ, ‫ۺ‬૞Ҝ, ߂ ѭ, ૞୕) • ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࢺॷૣԝ(11ࡓ) ˀୡࣵ

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ଛ˯‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࡿ ࠄଜ˒ ˒ࢼ 1) ˯έ ࢄ‫ࠆ ࡿࠧݒ‬ˀ ʅ୕ ‫ࢇ ࢼࡿ ׽‬৑ 2) ˯ࢼʋ؅ୃԬࡿ ࣬գ୕ծ ੹ଛ ˯ࢼࠆл ୘‫୕ۺ‬ 3) ଛ˯ࢺْࡿ л࠶ࢺॷ ʀ‫ ׽ ݡ‬ʷࢆ 4) ଛ˯ࢺْࠧࡿ ࢴԕࢳ રચμ‫ ݨ‬୆‫ۺ‬

1) ˯έ ࢄ‫ࠆ ࡿࠧݒ‬ˀ ʅ୕ ‫ࢇ ࢼࡿ ׽‬৑ ࡒ࣌ ࣵ‫߶ࢄݧ‬ш MDGࠧ Юն SDGВ ࢺॷ ࣵ‫ֹ ࡿݧ‬૯Ը ˮ ‫ۺ‬, ࢄВ ବ୬ ଛ˯ࢺْɹ ˯ࢼ ʋ؅ࡿࢼࠧ ̊‫ْ ߻آ‬ଟѵѣ Թ ˯έࡿ ࢺॷࡳ ʣੲ ʋࢺଢߛ ଞࡳ ࡿ‫)ۺ˔ࢇॷࢺ( ײ‬, ҩ ӿۭ ˯έ ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࡿ ࢺॷ ߒғ‫ؼ‬৯‫ۭ߻ݡ‬ѣ ˯ࢼ ̊‫׽ آ‬ ֹ૯ࠧࡿ ࠆˀ‫ ࡳۺ‬ʅ୕ଙࠃ ʋି ߌԬ ୧˒ծ Ϧࢇ ଔ࠾ɹ ࢎࡵ. ࢄࠧ ˔ԭଙࠃ ˯έ ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠВ ˯ࢼʋ؅ୃԬ Ь঎ࠧࡿ ୃ ߳ࡳ ੹ଛ ࢺॷ ߒғ‫ؼ‬৯‫ࠄ ݡ‬Ԙ ʅ୕ɹ ࠾ˮѸ.

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2) ˯ࢼʋ؅ୃԬࡿ ࣬գ୕ծ ੹ଛ ˯ࢼࠆл ୘‫୕ۺ‬ ˯ࢼʋ؅ୃԬ(ODA)ࡲ ˯έ ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࡈѭ߻ۭ ْ‫ࡰה‬Ը ֛ ‫ז‬ऌ փ˅ ࢴ঎Ը ୖ‫ی‬, ࣬գ୕ѵߪߛ ଞ. ࠄࡰԸ ˯έࡿ ‫ݡ‬ ‫ۉ״‬ୠЬ঎ ӓଛ ˯ࢼʋ؅ୃԬࡳ ୘ࡅଙࠃ ̘࣎ࡿ ˯ࢼࠆл ࡈѭࡳ ଛЬˀ ऐࢳࡰԸ ࢼ˅ଜ ଔ࠾ɹ ࢎࡵ. ࢴ੹ࢳࢆ ࢒۱࡟࣬ࡿ ˯ࢼʋ؅ୃԬࡳ σߪ ۗԸࡈ ୆੐ࡿ ‫ۉ‬ୠࡈѭ (ːࢺ‫ࠄב‬, ‫ۉ‬ୠࢳ̘߳, ୃѭ࣌ଟ, վࡳրҗ̘ Ҝ) ࡲ ˯ࢼʋ؅ୃԬ ઞࡳ ୘ࡅଙࠃ ˯ࢼ୕ଜ ଔ࠾ɹ ࢎࡵ. ࢴ੹ࢳࢆ ۗվࡳ ࡈѭ ӓଛ ‘ࢺ৑ࢳ, ࢄϖࢳ ࢛л’ծ σߪۭ ‫ؼ‬Щ ‫ ࢆࢳࡅݥ‬५ࡒ߻ۭ ࢸ̏ଙࠃ ʋѣ˯ ϥঞ ‫੾ˇٷ‬৑ ࢴ ԕࡰԸ ୘ࡅଜ ଔ࠾ɹ ࢎࡵ.

3) ଛ˯ࢺْࡿ л࠶ࢺॷ ʀ‫ ׽ ݡ‬ʷࢆ ˯ࢼʋ؅ࡿ ࣬࠾ ࢄ‫˔ ߻ݒ‬ଢ ଛ˯ࢺْࡿ ࢌ࢝˒ ୘ѭࡳ ‫ٵ‬ ળࢳࡰԸ ָПਜ਼ଙ˅ ʷࢆଙВ ১ૐࢆࡳ ‫ؼ‬Щ ʅ୕ଜ ଔ࠾ ɹ ࢎࡵ. છட ଛ˯ࢺْɹ ࣒ࡿ ࡿ‫ ࡳࢷ˔ ’ࢅ˯‘ ࡿײ‬σߪۭ ˯ɹ έ ‫˯ ׽‬ɹΟ ٖ૞Ҝ ֹ૯, ऌ‫ܓ‬ɹЙଛ ۟‫( ٵܒ ˒ی‬SCP ), ઃ̘࢒‫ ߻ؿ‬лଛ ̓࡮ʝԋ‫ۼ‬, ْࡧ‫ۼ‬, ࣌‫ۼ‬ୠ଑ Ҝ ଛ˯‫ۉ‬ ୠ߻ѣ ࣵ࠾ଛ ࡿࢼ߻ лଢ ‫ؼ‬Щ ࢴବࢳ ࢌ࢝ࡳ ঽଙѣԹ ۳ ҔଙВ ϝԬࢄ ࣵ࠾ଞ.

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4) ଛ˯ࢺْࠧࡿ ࢴԕࢳ રચμ‫ ݨ‬୆‫ۺ‬ ଛ˯ࢺْВ Post-2015 ࡿࢼϟࡿ ˒ࢺ߻ۭ ࢴ‫ࡰࢳ؃‬Ը ˯ࢼ ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠ ࢌ࢝ – ॰ࠃ ‫ ۺבॷ ׽‬ʅ୕ Ҝ – ࡳ ऌऌଙВ ࢌ࢝ ࡳ ʷऌଢ࠮ࡵ. ‫בۉ ߽ࡧ ה̘؃‬ণ࢝, ْ‫ ی‬ণୠ ࡧ৑, GCF ࡧ৑ Ҝ ˯ࢼʋ؅ ߻ۭ նх‫࡟ ݨ‬৑ࠧ ࠏବԬࡳ ପ‫ۉ‬ଙ˅ ࢎࡵࡳ ˅ԫଜ ҳ ࣬ ࠾ ࢄ‫ ߻ݒ‬лଛ ˯ࢼ‫ۉ״ݡ‬ୠࡿ ϝԬ߻ ଛ˯ࢺْɹ ࡆୋࢳ ࢄ֯ ࢳ̎ࢳࢆ ࠄଜࡳ ଜ ܶ ࢎѣԹ ࢴԕࢳࢆ રચμ‫ࡧ ࡳݨ‬ ऌ, ʅ୕ଜ ଔ࠾ɹ ࢎࡵ.

Q&A

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द޹ࢎഥ ѐߊബҗࢿਸ ਤೠ ਋ഐ੸ੋ ജ҃

&OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU ‫بޙ‬਍ ,P'*% рࢎ

‫ݾ‬ର

द޹ࢎഥ੄ ѐߊബҗࢿ &OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU &&੄ ೨ब ਃࣗ $*7*$64 &&* && ૑ࣻ ೠҴীࢲ੄ &&

,FZ 3FDPNNFOEBUJPOT

- 31 -

द޹ࢎഥ੄ ѐߊബҗࢿ ࠗ࢑ࣁ҅ѐߊਗઑ୨ഥ )-' Ѿҗ‫ࢲޙ‬ীࢲ द޹ࢎഥ੄ ৉ೡਸ ‫ݺ‬द • द޹ࢎഥ‫୓ױ‬ٜ਷ ઱޹ٜ੉ ӂܻܳ ઱੢ೡ ࣻ ੓‫ ۾ب‬ೞҊ ੋӂ ઺ब੄ ੽Ӕਸ ഝࢿചೞ‫ ݴ‬ѐߊ ੿଼ ߂ ࢜‫۽‬਍ ౵౟ցभਸ ഋࢿೞҊ Ӓ ੉೯җ੿ਸ х‫ة‬ೞ‫઺ ח‬ਃೠ ৉ೡਸ ೠ‫ ׮‬द޹ࢎഥ‫୓ױ‬ٜ਷ ‫ژ‬ೠ Ҵоо ઁҕೞ‫࠺ࢲ ח‬झী ࠁ৮‫ חغ‬৔৉ীࢲ ࢲ ࠺झܳ ઁҕೠ‫੉ ׮‬ী ‫؀‬ೠ ੋधਸ ߄ఔਵ‫ ۽‬਋ܻ‫ࢎ ਺׮ ח‬೦ਸ ੉೯ೡ Ѫ੉‫ ׮‬ • B ਋ܻٜ ӝઓ п੗੄ ডࣘਸ ୽प൤ ੉೯ೣਵ‫ ॄ۽‬ౠ൤ ਋ܻ੄ ೤੄‫ ػ‬Ҵઁ ӂ ܻী ࠗ೤ೞ‫ ח‬ѐߊী ‫؀‬ೠ द޹ࢎഥ‫ ੄୓ױ‬ӝৈܳ ୭‫؀‬ചೡ ࣻ ੓‫ ח‬ജ҃ਸ ҳ୷ೞ‫ח‬ ‫ ؘ‬ୡ੼ਸ ‫୶ݏ‬য द޹ࢎഥ‫୓ױ‬ٜ੉ ‫ ੋ੸݀ة‬ѐߊ ઱୓‫ ࢲ۽‬৉ೡਸ ‫ ׮‬ೡ ࣻ ੓‫ ۾ب‬ ೠ‫ ׮‬ • C द޹ࢎഥ‫୓ױ‬ٜ੉ ੉झ఍ࠛ ਗ஗җ द޹ࢎഥ‫ ୓ױ‬ѐߊബҗࢿী ‫؀‬ೠ Ҵઁ ೐ ۨ੐ਕ௼ܳ ߄ఔਵ‫ ۽‬ѐߊബҗࢿী ‫؀‬ೠ द޹ࢎഥ‫ ੄୓ױ‬ӝৈ৬ ଼‫ࢿޖ‬ਸ ъചೞ‫ ח‬ ҙ೯ਸ पୌೞ‫ة ۾ب‬۰ೠ‫ ׮‬

द޹ࢎഥ੄ ѐߊബҗࢿ द޹ࢎഥ ѐߊബҗࢿ ૐ૓ਸ ਤೠ ੉झ఍ࠛ ਗ஗ &OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU • द޹ࢎഥীࢲ‫ੋ ח‬ӂী ӝ߈ਸ ‫੽ ك‬Ӕ )3#" ী ‫ ۄٮ‬അ੢ীࢲ੄ ࢲ࠺झ ઁҕҗ গ٘ࠁழद ഝ‫ز‬ਸ ೞ‫ ח‬৉ೡ • Ҵઁѐߊഈ۱ীࢲ द޹ࢎഥ੄ ৉ೡ੉ ؊਌ ઺ਃ೧૑‫ ࢲݶ‬ղh৻ࠗ੸ ‫ઁޙ‬ী ૒‫ ݶ‬ • द޹ࢎഥ ੗୓੄ ѐߊബҗࢿ ઁҊܳ ਤ೧ द޹ࢎഥ झझ‫੿ ۽‬ೠ ੉झ఍ࠛ ਗ஗੉ ই௼‫ ۄ‬ഥ੄ ా೧ ٜ݅য૑Ҋ ࠗ࢑ ୨ഥܳ ా೧ ੉झ఍ࠛ ਗ஗੄ ੉೯ਸ ਤೠ ॿৄ݀ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ о ੋ੿‫ ਺঻غ‬ • ੉झ఍ࠛ੄ ࢿपೠ ੉೯җ ೣԋ द޹ࢎഥо ѐߊബҗࢿਸ ࢿஂೡ ࣻ ੓‫ ۾ب‬ೞ‫ ח‬ &OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU ܳ ઑࢿೞ‫ ੄ࠗ੿ ח‬৉ೡ੉ ઺ਃ

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&OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU mद޹ࢎഥ ѐߊബҗࢿਸ ਤೠ ॿৄ݀ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ $40‫ ۆ‬ tҕ੸৔৉ীࢲ ҕా੄ ੉੊ਸ ਤ೧ द޹ٜী ੄೧ ઑ૒‫ݽ ػ‬ٚ ࠺द੢㺃࠺੿ࠗ OPO NBSLFU BOE OPO TUBUF ӝҙ੉‫ۄ‬Ҋ ੿੄ೡ ࣻ ੓‫ ׮‬j ૑৉ࢎഥ ઺ब੄ ‫୓ױ‬৬ ݃ਸ ഈഥ ജ҃‫ ୓ױ‬ৈࢿ‫޹֪ ୓ױ‬ഈഥ ઙҮ‫֢ ୓ױ‬ઑ ഈ‫ز‬ઑ೤ ੹‫ޙ‬оഈഥ ࢚ҕഥ੄ ࣗ ‫݀ة‬োҳࣗ ࠺৔ܻ ঱‫ ୓ױۿ‬١੉ $40੄ ৘о ‫ ࣻ ؼ‬੓‫ ׮‬u

द޹ࢎഥ ѐߊബҗࢿਸ ਤೠ ਋ഐ੸ੋ ജ҃ &OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU r਋ഐ੸ੋ ജ҃s $40੄ ഝ‫ߑز‬धী ৔ೱਸ ઴ ࣻ ੓‫ࠗ੿ ח‬৬ ҕ੸ ҕৈ੗ ߂ ӝఋ ѐ ߊ ೯ਤ੗ٜী ੄೧ ٜ݅য૓ ੿஖੸ ੿଼੸ ࢚ട r਋ഐ੸ੋ ӝળs $40 ѐߊ ೯ਤ੗੄ ৉‫۝‬ਸ ૑ਗೞৈ ѐߊҗ੿ী ૑ࣘ੸ਵ‫ ۽‬ӒܻҊ ബҗ੸ਵ‫ ۽‬ଵৈೡ ࣻ ੓‫ ۾ب‬ೠ ҕৈ੗৬ ੿ࠗ੄ ࢚ഐোҙ‫ੌ ػ‬۲੄ ‫ࢎ ߧݽ‬۹

&&੄ ೨ब ਃࣗ m ॿৄ݀ ஶࣃࢲझ ‫ݽ‬ٚ ੿ࠗ‫ ח‬द޹ٜ੉ ‫ױ‬Ѿೞৈ ѐߊী ଵৈೡ ࣻ ੓‫ ۾ب‬ ӝࠄ੸ੋ ੋӂ ࠁ੢੄ ੄‫׮ ܳޖ‬೧ঠ ೠ‫ ׮‬ • $40੄ ߨ‫ ੸ܫ‬૑ਤ ੋ੿ • Ѿࢎ৬ ૘ഥ੄ ੗ਬ ࠁ੢ • ಴അ੄ ੗ਬ ࠁ੢ • ੉઱੄ ੗ਬ ߂ ੉‫ز‬ӂҗ ৈ೯ӂ ࠁ੢ • Ҵо рࢼ হ੉ ഝ‫ز‬ೡ ӂܻ ࠁ੢ • ѐߊী ੓যࢲ ೤ߨ੸ ৉ೡਸ ೞӝ ਤ೧ ೙ਃೠ ੗ਗਸ ଺Ҋ ഛࠁೡ ߨ੸ ৈ૑ -FHBM 4QBDF ࠁ੢

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&&੄ ೨ब ਃࣗ m ॿৄ݀ ஶࣃࢲझ ഈ۱Ҵ ੿ࠗ৬ ҕৈ੗੄ ઺੼ ࢎ೦ • • • •

B $40ܳ Ҋਬ੄ ӂܻܳ о૓ ѐߊ ೯ਤ੗‫ ੿ੋ ۽‬ C ѐߊബҗࢿ ૐ૓ਸ ਤೠ ޹઱੸㺃੿஖੸㺃੿଼ ‫؀‬ച ҳ୷ D ై‫ݺ‬ೞҊ ੌҙࢿ ੓‫ ח‬ѐߊ ੿଼ী ‫؀‬ೠ ଼‫ ࢿޖ‬ E $40 ѐߊബҗࢿ ઁҊܳ о‫מ‬ೞѱ ೞ‫ ח‬੤ਗ ઑ‫ ׳‬

&&੄ ೨ब ਃࣗ $*7*$64 B $40੄ ੿‫ ࢿޖ଼ ࢿݺై ࢿ׼‬ C ֎౟ਕ௼ ো‫؀‬ഝ‫ ز‬ D р‫ݺ‬ೞҊ ए਍ ߨ੸ ઁ‫ ب‬ E ੿஖੸ ജ҃ F ҙਊ੸ క‫ ب‬ G ࠗಁߑ૑ H ੿ࠁాनӝࣿ I ੗ਗ

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&OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU *OEFY $*7*$64੄ &OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU *OEFY &&* ↟ && *OEFY द޹ࢎഥܳ ਤೠ &OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU ܳ ઑࢎೞӝ ਤ೧ $*7*$64ীࢲ ݃۲ೠ ૑ࣻ ୓҅ %JNFOTJPOT 4VC %JNFOTJPOT *OEJDBUPST‫ ۽‬ ҳࢿ‫ ؽ‬ ↟&&*ী ‫ ੄੿ ੄&& ܲٮ‬tद޹ࢎഥ ղীࢲ ૑ࣘ੸੉Ҋ ੗ߊ੸ੋ ߑधਵ‫ ۽‬ଵৈೞҊ ѐੑೡ ࣻ ੓‫ ח‬ѐੋ੸ੋ ഑਷ ઑ૒ച‫ ػ‬द޹ٜ੄ ৉‫۝‬ী ৔ೱਸ ՙ஖‫ ח‬ઑѤٜ ੄ ૘೤u

↟ ࢎഥ҃ઁ੸ ஏ‫ࢎ ݶ‬ഥ‫ޙ‬ച੸ ஏ‫ ݶ‬Ѣߡքझܳ ಣо ӝળਵ‫ ਺࢖ ۽‬

&OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU *OEFY

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&OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU *OEFY • ‫׏‬૕‫ ٘ے‬நա‫ ׮‬ഐ઱ ‫ؚ݃‬௼ ֢ܰਝ੉о ਤө૑ ର૑ • ೠҴ਷ ੹୓ ѐҴ ઺ ਤ • ࢎഥ‫ޙ‬ച੸ ৔৉ীࢲ‫ ୓੹ ח‬ਤ ର૑

ೠҴীࢲ੄ &OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU •

•

• • •

֙ ౵ܻ ਗઑബҗࢿ ֤੄ ੉റࠗఠ ѐߊഈ۱ীࢲ੄ द޹ࢎഥ੄ ৉ೡ ߂ ઺ਃ ࢿী ‫؀‬ೠ ੋध੉ ഛ‫غ؀‬Ҋ ֙ ই௼‫ۄ‬೯‫ز‬ъ۸ ֙ ୹ߧೠ ࠗ࢑ Ӗ‫ ߥ۽‬ ౵౟ցभਸ ా೧ ѐߊ౵౟ցҴٜ੉ द޹ࢎഥܳ ‫ ੋ੸݀ة‬ѐߊഈ۱઱୓‫ੋ ࢲ۽‬धೞ Ҋ ഈ۱ਸ ъചೡ Ѫਸ ୌ‫ݺ‬ೣী ‫ ۄٮ‬ೠҴ ੿ࠗীࢲ‫ ب‬द޹ࢎഥ৬੄ ഈ۱੄ ઺ਃࢿ ਸ ੋधೞҊ ੓਺ ࠗ࢑ Ӗ‫ ߥ۽‬౵౟ցभ੄ ‫ ؀‬૑಴ ઺ ೞաੋ rѐߊഝ‫ ੄ز‬ଵৈ৬ ӝৈܳ ୭‫؀‬ചೞ ‫ ח‬ജ҃ীࢲ੄ द޹ࢎഥ ਍৔ ૑಴ r ૑಴‫ ח‬Ҵઁ द޹ࢎഥ ো‫ ੋ؀‬$*7*$64о ѐ ߊೠ द޹ࢎഥജ҃૑ࣻ &OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU *OEFY &&* ܳ ӝ߈ਵ‫ ۽‬ಣо पद ೡ ৘੿੐ Ӓ۞ա Ҵղীࢲ r਋ഐ੸ ജ҃s੄ ੄޷৬ ѐ‫ب‬Ҵ द޹ࢎഥ੄ ৉‫۝‬ъച ೙ਃࢿী ‫؀‬ೠ ੋध੉ ই૒ ޷൚ೞҊ ੉ী ‫੺੸ ܲٮ‬ೠ ഈ۱ߑউ ‫޷ ب؛ݽ‬൚ ࠗ࢑ Ӗ‫ ߥ۽‬౵౟ցभ ૑಴ ‫੷୍ ח‬൤ ѐ‫ب‬Ҵ੄ ‫ۅݓ‬ীࢲ ੉೧‫غ‬Ҋ ੓਺ ੉झ఍ࠛ ਗ஗ਸ ాೠ द޹ࢎഥ झझ‫ࢿޖ଼ ੄۽‬җ ബҗࢿ ૐ૓ ֢۱ী ࠺೧ द޹ࢎ ഥ ѐߊബҗࢿਸ ਤೠ ਋ഐ੸ ജ҃ ઑࢿҗ ҙ۲೧ࢲ‫ ח‬௾ ૓੹੉ হ঻਺

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ೠҴীࢲ੄ &OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU ೠҴҴઁഈ۱‫ ױ‬,0*$" ‫ ח‬ѐ‫ب‬Ҵ ઱޹җ द޹ࢎഥо ઱‫ب‬ೞ‫ ח‬ѐߊഈ۱ਸ ‫ݽب‬ೞӝ ਤ೧ ѐ‫ب‬Ҵ അ૑ /(0ী ‫؀‬ೠ ૒੽ ࢎস࠺ ૑ਗ ѐ‫ب‬Ҵ ‫؀‬೟h೟҅੄ ѐߊӝദhোҳ ৉‫ ۝‬ъച ࢎস ୶૓ ઺

,0*$" അ૑ $40 ૑ਗࢎস ѐਃ _ •

• • • •

‫ ੸ݾ‬ѐ‫ب‬Ҵ അ૑ ૑৉ ੹‫֎ ߂ ࢿޙ‬౟ਕ௼ܳ ഝਊೞৈ ࢎস ࢿҗܳ ֫੉Ҋ ૑৉ ࢎഥ ઱‫ ੄ب‬ѐߊഈ۱ ࢎস ୶૓ਸ ా೧ ࣻਗҴ ઱ੋ੄ध Ҋஂ ߂ ੗ߊ੸੉Ҋ ૑ࣘ о‫מ‬ೠ ૑৉ѐߊ ߊ੹ী ӝৈ ੉೯ӝҙ ѐ‫ب‬Ҵ അ૑ ޹р‫ ୓ױ‬ ഋక ‫ ب֙ױ‬/(0 ೐‫ં۽‬౟ ‫ݒ‬ட ૑ਗೠ‫ݒ ب߹ ب‬டহ਺ ୭‫ࠛ݅ ؀‬ө૑ ૑ਗ ૑ਗഅട %3௖Ҋ ߬౟թ ֎౹ ࠅܻ࠺ই ‫ݽ‬ਫ਼࠺௼ ѐҴ ѐ ࢎস

,FZ SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT ࠗ࢑ ୨ഥܳ ҅ӝ‫ߧ୹ ۽‬ೠ Ҵઁ द޹ࢎഥ ֎౟ਕ௼ੋ ѐߊബҗࢿਸ ਤೠ द޹ ࢎഥ‫ ୓ױ‬౵౟ցभ $40 1BSUOFSTIJQ GPS %FWFMPQNFOU &GGFDUJWFOFTT $1%& ਷ &&ী ҙೠ ࠗ࢑ Ӗ‫ ߥ۽‬౵౟ցभ ૑಴ ী ‫؀‬ೠ पૐ੸ ಣо ࠁҊࢲ r"O FOBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU GPS $JWJM 4PDJFUZ 0SHBOJ[BUJPOT " TZOUIFTJT PG FWJEFODF PG QSPHSFTT TJODF #VTBOsܳ ߊ಴ ‫ژ‬ೠ ‫ݬ‬द௏ Ҋਤә ഥ੄ܳ খ‫ف‬Ҋ ࠗ࢑ ୨ഥ ‫ ٸ‬ਃҳ೮‫ ֎ ؍‬о૑ җઁܳ ઺ब ਵ‫ ۽‬ই‫ ੄ې‬җઁܳ ઁदೣ ࠗ࢑ ౵౟ցभ ੉೯ਸ оࣘചೞҊ बച ౵ܻࢶ঱җ ই௼‫ۄ‬೯‫੉ """ ઁ੄ز‬೯ बച द޹ࢎഥ‫୓ױ‬о ‫ ੋ੸݀ة‬ѐߊ೯ਤ੗‫ ۽‬ഝ‫ز‬ೡ ࣻ ੓‫ ۾ب‬਋ഐ੸ੋ ജ҃ਸ ъച ҕಣೞҊ ੿੄‫۽‬਍ ѐߊഈ۱ ઁ‫ ب‬ҳ୷

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,FZ SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT рдж▐╣рвОр┤етАлрнУ╫▒тАм╨╛ тАл рйЛрй╕▌А╪йтАм╤Р▀Кр│придрйЧтАл █╜тАмр┤ЭтАл╪▓тАмр│б рг╗ рйУтАл █╛╪итАмриЛр┤Ррй╕рйЛ р┤Ь╥Гри╕ ╤Кр┤Ъ тЖЯ 'PDVT TVQQPSU PO TUSFOHUIFOJOH TVTUBJOBCJMJUZ PG B EJWFSTJUZ PG $40T BT EFWFMPQNFOU BDUPST JO UIFJS PXO SJHIU тЖЯ .POJUPS FYJTUJOH DPNNJUNFOUT UP NJOJNVN TUBOEBSET GPS FOBCMJOH DPOEJUJPOT GPS $40T тЖЯ 4VQQPSU FGGPSUT JO $40 BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ BT HVJEFE CZ UIF *TUBOCVM 1SJODJQMFT BOE UIF *OUFSOBUJPOBM 'SBNFXPSL GPS $40 %FWFMPQNFOU &GGFDUJWFOFTT

,FZ SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT $40 ╤Р▀Кр┤м╥Чрв┐╥Ч рйЙ▄│ ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│Ю╤▒ р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАмр┤Ь╥ГрзА ╥Щр│а р░крдЭрп╝р▒▒рйД рк▒риГ р│ирдм тАл▌лтАмрджрлС ╒▓риК ╤РрйД р│ирдм тАл▌лтАмрджрлС рк║ р░крдЭрп╝р▒▒ри╖ тАл▌╜тАм┘Ъ ╤Р▀К р│придрйЧрзА╤▒ тАлрвО ри║╫отАмр│жри╕ рнв╥│р│атАл ╫отАм $40▄│ ╥КримрйД ╙В▄╗▄│ ╨╛рлУ тАл рйЛрй╕▌А╪йтАм╤Р▀К р│придрйЧтАлрй┐рйЛ █╜тАмр│Ю╥К тАл╫отАмрйЧ╤А рй┐рм╝ тАл╪АтАмр┤ЪрйД рк║ риГрв┐ри╕ рйЛрй┐р│атАл ╫отАм ▀ирй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАм╙Т▄╗╥К рдкрлХрй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАм$40╨╛ тАл рйЛрй╕▌А╪йтАм╤Р▀К р│придрйЧтАл █╜тАмр┤ЭтАл╪▓тАмр│б рг╗ рйУ╤▒ р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм р┤Ь╥Гри╕ ▌Е┘Ь рг╗ рйУтАл╓в █╛╪итАм█▒р│Ю╥К тАл ┌ШтАмрлРрлУр│атАлрй╕ ╫отАмржптАл ╪итАм╙ЭркУрйД ╙ЭраД╙Ври╕ раБрйвр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╥┤ ркБрй╕?рлСрзЙрй╕ ркБтАл ▄│╪итАмрлСр░Г█░тАл╓в ╫ЧтАм█▒ри╕ рлСргШр│ЮтАл █╛╪итАмр│атАл ╫отАм рк▒рйЛрйДрдз╥Ч рйМроЦ▄│ р▓ир│гр│а р▒╡▄╗ рв╢рж▒ риЧроЧрйЙ $40рйД р┤м╥Чрй╕рйЛ ╤Р▀К р┤ЭтАл╪▓тАмри╕ ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмро╛ р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАмриЛр┤Ррй╕рйЛ р┤Ь╥Гри╕ рк┤ржп┘Ь╤▒ р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАмрмГри╡тАл █╜тАмр│зрв│тАл╪║тАм╤в╒б рй╕риКтАл╪║тАмржпрв▓тАл ╫ЧтАмржЙ тАл ╫о╪╗тАм ╥Кримр│а ╙В▄╗▄│ ╨╛рлУ р┤м╥Чрй╕рйЙ╥К тАл рйЛрй╕▌А╪йтАм╤Р▀К р│придрйЧтАл рв▓█╜тАм$40рйД рзЙр│бри╕ рлРрлУр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм тАл╫╝рй╕ ╪ШтАмр│а рй┐рм╝╥Ч риГ╤дри╕ р░╛р│зрв▓ $40рйД р┤м╥Чрв┐рзА ╙ЭрзИр│б рг╗ рйУтАл █╛╪итАмрлСриЧр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╥ХрзИ рйЧ тАл╪Ы▌╜тАмри╕ рджр│пр│атАл ╫отАм $40рйД рм╝тАлрв┐▐ЦтАмри╕ раБрзИ рк▒╙Э ридр│а ╙ЭркУрйД ╓в█▒╥Ч ╙ТтАл╪▓тАмржЙрйД рлУрй╣ рвОр│жри╕ рйЛрй┐р│атАл╪▓ ╫отАм рджрзА $40тАл ргШ╥Е ╫ЧтАм╤Ррв╢р│з ╒б╤В р│ЩриГ╨╛ рйУри║ри╕ рйЛрй┐р│Ю╥К рйЧрнУ ╥Щ▄╗р│ЮтАлр▒И ▀В рв┐▐Црм╝ ╫ЧтАм тАл▌л рв┐▌║тАмро┤тАлрлН╫дтАм╥Ч ╙Эрк│ри╕ рй╕╙Урй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАм╤Кр┤Ър│ЮрзИ рй╕риКр│б ╤кри╕ тАл╫отАмрлЧр│атАл ╫отАм

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,FZ SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT $40 ѐߊബҗࢿҗ ੉ܳ о‫מ‬ೞѱ ೞ‫ ח‬ജ҃ী ҙೠ పझ௼౱੄ ઱ਃ ೨ब ‫ݫ‬द૑ ղਊ $40 ѐߊബҗࢿਸ ਤೠ ੉झ఍ࠛ ਗ஗җ Ӓী ‫ ܲٮ‬૑ஜ ߂ ૑಴ܳ ನೣೞৈ ਗઑ ߂ ѐߊബҗࢿ ਗ஗ਸ ࢚ടী ‫ݏ‬ѱ ଻ఖೞҊ ੸ਊೡ Ѫਸ ӂ੢ೞҊ $40 झझ‫ ۽‬ӏ ઁೞ‫ ח‬ӝળ ߂ ࣻ‫ױ‬ਸ द೯ೞҊ х‫ة‬ೞ۰‫ ח‬അ੤੄ ֢۱ਸ ૑૑ೠ‫ ׮‬ ‫ݽ‬ٚ ѐߊ ೯ਤ੗о ੗नٜ੄ ਗઑ ߂ ѐߊ ֢۱ী ‫؀‬೧ ଼‫ࢿޖ‬ਸ о૕ ੄‫ޖ‬о ੓Ҋ ‫ژ‬ೠ ࢲ‫ࢿޖ଼ ੄۽‬ਸ ૐ૓दఆ ଼੐‫ ب‬੓਺ਸ ੋ੿ೠ‫ ׮‬ ‫ݽ‬ٚ ੉೧ҙ҅੗о ై‫ࢿݺ‬ਸ ֫੉‫֢ ؘ ח‬۱ೡ Ѫਸ ӂೠ‫ ࠁ੿ ׮‬ӏ੿ ߂ ੗ਗ ӏ‫ݽ‬ ী ҙೠ пп੄ ੽Ӕࢿҗ $40੄ ഝ‫ ز‬ਬ૑৬ $40 ߂ ҙ۲‫ۈࢎ ػ‬ٜ੄ উ੹ ߂ ஖ উਸ ਤక‫܂‬ѱ ೞ૑ ঋ‫ߑ ח‬धী ‫؀‬ೠ ೤੄ܳ ૑ః‫ࢿݺై ࢲݶ‬ਸ ઁҊೠ‫ ׮‬

,FZ SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT ֙ ਘ $1%&ীࢲ‫ ח‬r$40 ,FZ "TLT GPS B 5SBOTGPSNBUJWF %FWFMPQNFOU "HFOEBsܳ ా೧ 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁী ੓যࢲ੄ ೨ब ਃҳࢎ೦ਸ ѐ ৔৉ਵ‫ ۽‬ ա‫־‬য ߊ಴ೞ৓਺

• ࢜‫۽‬਍ ‫੹ب‬җઁܳ ‫ܖ׮‬Ҋ അ੤੄ ਗઑ৬ ѐߊബҗࢿী ‫؀‬ೠ ҕডਸ ੉೯ • द޹ࢎഥܳ ਤೠ ਋ഐ੸ ജ҃ ઑࢿ ૑ਗ • ੋӂਸ ѐߊ੄ ઺बী ‫ ل‬Ѫ • ޹рӝসࠗ‫ ੄ޙ‬ഝ‫ز‬ਸ ѐߊ ബҗࢿী ҙೠ ਗ஗ী ੌ஖ दఆ Ѫ • ‫ݽ‬ٚ ѐߊ ೐‫ࣁ۽‬झীࢲ੄ ನਊ੸ ѐߊ੄ ૐ૓ • 4%(Tܳ ਤೠ ನਊ੸ ౵౟ցभ ҳ୷

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,FZ SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT

• ‫ݽ‬ٚ $40 ઱୓о ‫ز‬١ೠ ӝ߈ীࢲ ‫׮‬੗ ੉೧ҙ҅੗ ഈ੄ җ੿ী ଵৈೡ ࣻ ੓ ‫ ۾ب‬ೞҊ ѐߊ ੄ ‫ݽ‬ٚ ‫҅ױ‬ী द޹ࢎഥ৬੄ ੿଼ ‫؀‬ചܳ ઁ‫ب‬ചೡ Ѫ • ӝࠄ੸ ੋӂҗ ֢‫ز‬ӂਸ ࠁഐೞҊ ૐ૓ೞӝ ਤೠ ੸੺ೠ ߨ੸ ੿଼੸ ೐ۨ੐ ਕ௼ ݃۲ • द޹ࢎഥܳ ਤೠ ୭ࣗೠ੄ ਋ഐ੸ ജ҃ী ҙೠ ӝઓ੄ ডࣘਸ ‫פݽ‬ఠ݂ೞҊ (1&%$ ‫פݽ‬ఠ݂ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ী ଵৈೞ‫ ח‬Ҵо੄ ࣻܳ ૐ‫ ؀‬ • ‫׮‬নೞҊ ਬোೞ‫ ݴ‬৘ஏ о‫מ‬ೠ Ҵղ৻ ੤੿ ઑ‫׳‬ਸ ా೧ $40 ৉‫۝‬ъചܳ ਤ ೠ ੤ਗ ӝࣿ ૑ਗ ನೣ ߓ࠙ • ѐߊ ࢎসী ‫؀‬ೠ $40੄ ӂܻ৬ ੤ਗਸ ੉ਊೡ ӂܻܳ ࠁ੢ೣҗ ‫ز‬दী ߨ੸ ࢎߨ੸ ‫ݒ‬ழ‫ઁ ્פ‬ҕ

,FZ SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT *OJUJBM 3FDPNNFOEBUJPOT GSPN UIF t1BSUOFSTIJQT XJUI $JWJM 4PDJFUZu $PNQPOFOU PG UIF 6/%( 1SPKFDU t$POUJOVJOH JODMVTJWF EJBMPHVF PO UIF QPTU EFWFMPQNFOU BHFOEBu ੿଼ ഋࢿী ੓যࢲ੄ द޹ࢎഥ੄ ৉ೡ ੋध द޹ࢎഥܳ ਤೠ ਋ഐ੸ੋ ജ҃੄ ઑࢿ ‫׮‬নೠ ੉೧ҙ҅੗ٜҗ੄ ౵౟ցभ ъച ౵౟ցभҗ ੉೯ਸ ੼Ѩೞӝ ਤೠ ଼‫ݒ ࢿޖ‬ழ‫ ્פ‬ҳ୷

3FDPNNFOEFE BDUJPOT %FWFMPQ BOE JNQSPWF DPPSEJOBUJPO BOE LOPXMFEHF TIBSJOH NFDIBOJTNT UP BWPJE EVQMJDBUJPO CVJME BMMJBODFT BOE TUSFOHUIFO DBQBDJUZ &YQBOE BDDFTT UP UFDIOPMPHZ JODMVEJOH UIF *OUFSOFU &OTVSF BDDFTT UP JOEFQFOEFOU NFEJB BOE JOGPSNBUJPO DSFBUF QVCMJD NFEJB QMBUGPSNT *OWFTU JO CVJMEJOH UIF DBQBDJUZ PG DJWJM TPDJFUZ PSHBOJ[BUJPOT JODMVEJOH CZ QSPWJEJOH TVQQPSU GPS UIFJS QBSUJDJQBUJPO JO HPWFSONFOU NFFUJOHT GPS USBWFM QFS EJFN USBOTMBUJPO JOUFSQSFUBUJPO SFQPSU QSPEVDUJPO 3FMBY WJTB SFRVJSFNFOUT GPS DJWJM TPDJFUZ UP BUUFOE JOUFSOBUJPOBM DPOGFSFODFT XIJDI NPTU PGUFO UBLF QMBDF JO EFWFMPQFE DPVOUSJFT UP FYDIBOHF FYQFSUJTF BOE MFTTPOT MFBSOFE

- 40 -

хࢎ೤‫ ׮פ‬

- 41 -

рдж▐╣рвОр┤ерзм 4%(T рлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАм╤Р▀Кри╕ ридр│а ╙ЦтАл ▀е█╜тАмр▒╡р▒Я╓Брднри╕ рк║рдмри╡тАл █╜тАм

1PTU

╥┤ркБ╤Р▀Кр┤И█▒╥Ч рм╝тАл рв┐▐ЦтАм

ркСрйЙрда 0%" 8BUDI рй┐рм╝ржЧ┘ШраБро┤рдж ╤АрвО р┤Ъ

8)0 8*-- #& "$$065"#-& t4IPSUGBMMT IBWF PDDVSSFE OPU CFDBVTF UIF HPBMT BSF VOSFBDIBCMF PS CFDBVTF UJNF JT UPP TIPSU 8F BSF PGG DPVSTF CFDBVTF PG VONFU DPNNJUNFOUT JOBEFRVBUF SFTPVSDFT BOE B MBDL PG GPDVT BOE BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ u #BO ,J NPPO 6OJUFE /BUJPOT 4FDSFUBSZ (FOFSBM

- 43 -

рм╝тАл" рв┐▐ЦтАмDDPVOUBCJMJUZ рйЙтАл █ЖтАм 8IJMF UIF NFBOJOHT BOE GVODUJPOT PG BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ EJGGFS BDSPTT EJTDJQMJOFT JO NPTU QVCMJD QPMJDZ DPOUFYUT B BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ SFGFST UP UIF PCMJHBUJPO PG UIPTF JO BVUIPSJUZ UP UBLF SFTQPOTJCJMJUZ GPS UIFJS BDUJPOT UP BOTXFS GPS UIFN CZ FYQMBJOJOH BOE KVTUJGZJOH UIFN UP UIPTF BGGFDUFE BOE UP CF TVCKFDU UP TPNF GPSN PG FOGPSDFBCMF TBODUJPO JG UIFJS DPOEVDU PS FYQMBOBUJPO GPS JU JT GPVOE XBOUJOH 4FF "DLFSNBOO t4PDJBM BDDPVOUBCJMJUZu (PFU[ BOE +FOLJOT 3FJOWFOUJOH "DDPVOUBCJMJUZ Q

.VDI PG UIF MJUFSBUVSF PO BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ JO EFWFMPQNFOU DPOWFSHFT BSPVOE UIFTF UISFF DPOTUJUVFOU FMFNFOUT SSFTQPOTJCJMJUZ BOTXFSBCJMJUZ BOE FOGPSDFBCJMJUZ 4FF /FXFMM BOE #FMMPVS t.BQQJOH BDDPVOUBCJMJUZu 4DIFEMFS t$PODFQUVBMJ[JOH BDDPVOUBCJMJUZu "DLFSNBOO t4PDJBM BDDPVOUBCJMJUZu (PFU[ BOE +FOLJOT 3FJOWFOUJOH "DDPVOUBCJMJUZ 0&$% t%SBGU PSJFOUBUJPOT BOE QSJODJQMFTu ├Ь 1PG 9QTNF 6TWUV )NQDCN #EEQWPVCDKNKV[ 4GRQTV

.%(Tрзм 4%(T ╙Т▄╗╥К рм╝тАл рв┐▐ЦтАм тАл╫д▌╜тАмр░а▌В тАл▌ТтАмро┤тАл рлН╫дтАм╥│рн╖ р│ЩриГрв┐ ркБ╙Э тАв ╓Щ .%(T рг╗▌А рджрзАтАл╫д▌╜ ╫ЧтАмр░а▌В р▓г╨╛ рм╝тАл рв┐▐ЦтАм┘брйД ╤Р╓ЫрйЙ рй╣р┤Г р▓ир│г тАл╪║тАмрлС тАл▐ЕтАмр│ори║

рйЙрзА ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рйД рдкр│п▀СржЙ╥Ч рй╝╤ирнУ╥Е▄│ ╥│рн╖р│ЮрлС тАл▐ЕтАмр│отАл ╪НтАм╤крйЙ .%(T рйЙр│прйД р│а╥Е риГрйЛри╡ тАл █╜тАмрйШриК тАв ╥┤ркБрвОр┤е ╒▓ QPTU ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рйД тАлрв┐╫│тАмри╕ ридр│зрв▓тАл ╫ЧтАмr╙ЦтАл ▀е█╜тАмрм░риЧрзАрв▓рйД тАл╫д▌╜тАмр░а▌В ▀В рм╝ тАл ркБрнУ рв┐▐ЦтАм.POJUPSJOH 'SBNFXPSL ╥│рн╖sрйЙ р│Щрг╗рй╕рйЙтАл ╫Ч█ДтАм╥Х╤ЕтАл╪АтАм╨╛ р┤Лрв┐тАл ╪╜тАм╪КраЫржп рм╝тАл▐ЦтАм рв┐ тАл▌ТтАмро┤тАлрлН╫дтАмри╕ рдкр┤Ер│Ю╙Э ридр│зрв▓тАл ╫ЧтАм╙Ф╤АрйЙ тАлрйЙ╪Ш ╫Ч╪║тАмр░а рг╗рлШ╥Ч ╥Щ▄╗ р░╛╥Е раЩрв│рйД рк║риГрв┐рйЙ ╤КркСтАл ╪╜тАм тАв 4%(T ╥│рн╖ рдж ╨┐ тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤ ▀╣ ╥│рнУрй╕рйЛ тАл▌╛рв┐╫│тАмр▓┤роЦ 5BSHFU ▄│ рв╕рй┐р│Ю╥К рйЙр│п▀СржЙ .FBOT PG *NQMFNFOUBUJPO ри╕ ▌Е┘Ь╙ЭтАл █╜тАмр│дрйД

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.%(T৬ 4%(T ӒܻҊ ଼‫ ࢿޖ‬ ֤੄җ੿ী ‫׮‬নೠ ੉೧ҙ҅੗੄ ଵৈ ഛ‫ ؀‬

• .%(T‫ ח‬6/ ࢎ‫ޖ‬Ҵਸ ઱୷ਵ‫ ۽‬ೠ ࣗࣻ ҙ҅੗ р੄ ֤੄ܳ ా೧ ٜ݅য઎਺ ‫ݾ‬಴ ࢸ੿ ੄ ୡӝ ‫ࠗ҅ױ‬ఠ Ҵઁࢎഥ ੹߈੄ ੋ૑৬ ೤੄ܳ ഋࢿೞ‫ݾ ػ୹ب ࢲݶ‬಴о ই‫঻פ‬ӝী ੿‫ࠗ ࢿ׼‬ৈо ઁೠ੸੉঻Ҋ ѾҴ ബҗ੸੉Ҋ प૕੸ੋ ੉೯ਵ‫੉ ۽‬য૑૑ ‫ޅ‬ೣ • 4%(T੄ ҃਋ അ੤ ഋࢿ җ੿ীࢲ द޹ࢎഥ৬ ೟҅ ‫؀‬಴ ӝস ‫؀‬಴ ੿‫ ׼‬пઙ ഈഥ ‫؀‬಴ ١ ‫׮‬নೠ ೯ਤ੗ٜ੉ ֤੄ী ଵৈೞҊ ੓‫ ੉੼ ח׮‬௾ ౠ૚੐ Ҋਤәಁօ )JHI -FWFM 1BOFM )-1 ҕ‫੄ز‬੢ ੋҗ ੋ੄ ಁօ੄ਗ੄ ҳࢿਸ ࠁ‫ ݶ‬ ੹അ૒ ‫ా؀‬۸ ୨ܻ ੢ҙ Ҵഥ੄ਗ ߂ Ҵઁӝҳ ‫؀‬಴ द޹ࢎഥ ૑৉੿ࠗ ޹рࠗ‫ ޙ‬೟ ҅ ߂ ୒ࣗ֙ ‫؀‬಴ ١੉ ನೣ‫غ‬য ੓਺ ҕѐ੘স߈ 0QFO 8PSLJOH (SPVQ 08( ୨ ର ഥ੄ ੹റ‫࠺ ۽‬ҕधഥ੄ JOGPSNBM TFTTJPOT ܳ ҳࢿೞৈ ӝস੉ա ޹р੤‫ ױ‬җ೟੗ ߂ ӝࣿ੗ ١੄ ੄Ѽਸ ஂ೤

.%(T৬ 4%(T ӒܻҊ ଼‫ ࢿޖ‬ 4%(T ‫ ࢚؀ ޖ଼ ࢿ׳‬ഛ‫ ؀‬

• .%(T੄ ҃਋ ‫ݾ‬಴ ‫ޖ଼ ੄ࢿ׳‬о ѐߊ‫࢚ب‬Ҵীѱ ઱‫ࠗ ۽‬ৈ‫ݾ ߣ ਺঻غ‬಴ੋ Ӗ‫ߥ۽‬ ౵౟ցभী Ҵೠೞৈ ࢶ૓Ҵٜীѱ ଼‫ޖ‬о ࠗҗ‫ ؽ‬ • അ 4%(T ഋࢿ җ੿ীࢲ‫࠼ ח‬Ҍҗ ѐߊ ‫ઁޙ‬о ѐߊ‫࢚ب‬Ҵࡺ݅ ই‫ࢶ ۄפ‬૓Ҵীѱ‫ ب‬೧ ‫׼‬ೞ‫ ח‬ҕా੄ ଼‫ޖ‬੐ਸ ੋ૑ೞ‫ ח‬दп੉ ъઑ‫غ‬Ҋ ੓਺ ࠛಣ١ ಣച ജ҃ ౠ൤ ജ҃੸ ૑ࣘо‫࠙ࠗ ࢿמ‬ী ҙ೧ࢲ‫ࢶ ח‬૓Ҵ‫੉ ب‬೯ ࠗ‫׸‬ਸ Ѽ૑೧ঠ ೠ‫੄ ח׮‬Ѽ੉ ‫ࣻ׮‬੐ ࡺ݅ ই‫ ۄפ‬SFMFWBOU BDUPSTੋ ޹р ࣂఠ৬ द޹ࢎഥ ‫ژ‬ೠ ଼‫ࢿޖ‬ਸ ੋ૑ೞҊ ഈ۱ ҕઑ೧ঠ ೠ‫ੋ ח׮‬ध੉ ‫ ؽف؀‬

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р▒ИтАлрв┐▌║тАм╥Ч рм╝тАл рв┐▐ЦтАм5SBOTQBSFODZ "DDPVOUBCJMJUZ тАв рм╝тАлрв┐╫│ рв┐▐ЦтАмри╕ ридр│з р▒ИтАлрв┐▌║тАмри╖ р│Щрг╗рй╕ри╡тАл╪║раБ╫╕ █╜тАмржпржа р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАмр│ирдм ╨╛роЦрйР тАв рй┐раБрйД р▒ИтАл▌║тАмр│а ╥Х╤Р▄│ р░╛р│з ╤Р▀КрйД р╡Т▄┤рйЙ р▓и╥Ърй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАмр▒╡ржИтАл рг╗ ╪╝тАмрйУ╥К тАлраБрй┐ ╪▓тАм╨╛ рджрйДрв┐╥Ч тАл▌╜тАм ┘Ъ рйЙр│з╥Щ╥ЕрйЧ┘ЬрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а рй╜╙Фрв┐ри╕ тАлраБ╫╕тАмр│б тАл рв┐╫│ ╪ирв┐▐Црм╝ ргЧ█╜ра║ ┘╕тАм╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│зрлЧ тАв #VU BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ POMZ XPSLT XIFO QFPQMF IBWF UIF SJHIU JOGPSNBUJPO FBTJMZ BWBJMBCMF BOE FBTZ UP VTF /FX UZQFT PG USBOTQBSFOU BDDPVOUJOH NBLF UIJT QPTTJCMF 8F OFFE EBUB UP CF BWBJMBCMF BOE XF OFFE UIF BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ UIBU GPMMPXT 8JUIPVU UIFN UIF HMPCBM QBSUOFSTIJQ XJMM OPU XPSL 6/ )-1 раБ╥Крв▓ " /FX 1BSUOFSTIJQ &SBEJDBUF 1PWFSUZ BOE 5SBOTGPSN &DPOPNJFT UISPVHI 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU

тАв " /&8 %"5" 3&70-65*0/рйД ┘брйв t8F DBMM GPS B EBUB SFWPMVUJPO GPS TVTUBJOBCMF EFWFMPQNFOU XJUI B OFX JOUFSOBUJPOBM JOJUJBUJWF UP JNQSPWF UIF RVBMJUZ PG TUBUJTUJDT BOE JOGPSNBUJPO BWBJMBCMF UP QFPQMF BOE HPWFSONFOUT u 6/ )JHI -FWFM 1BOFM PO UIF 1PTU %FWFMPQNFOU "HFOEB .BZ " /&8 %"5" 3&70-65*0/ t5PP PGUFO EFWFMPQNFOU FGGPSUT IBWF CFFO IBNQFSFE CZ B MBDL PG UIF NPTU CBTJD EBUB BCPVU UIF TPDJBM BOE FDPOPNJD DJSDVNTUBODFT JO XIJDI QFPQMF MJWF 4USPOHFS NPOJUPSJOH BOE FWBMVBUJPO BU BMM MFWFMT BOE JO BMM QSPDFTTFT PG EFWFMPQNFOU GSPN QMBOOJOH UP JNQMFNFOUBUJPO XJMM IFMQ HVJEF EFDJTJPO NBLJOH VQEBUF QSJPSJUJFT BOE FOTVSF BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ 5IJT XJMM SFRVJSF TVCTUBOUJBM JOWFTUNFOUT JO CVJMEJOH DBQBDJUZ JO BEWBODF PG " SFHVMBSMZ VQEBUFE SFHJTUSZ PG DPNNJUNFOUT JT POF JEFB UP FOTVSF BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ BOE NPOJUPS EFMJWFSZ HBQT 8F NVTU BMTP UBLF BEWBOUBHF PG OFX UFDIOPMPHJFT BOE BDDFTT UP PQFO EBUB GPS BMM QFPQMF u #BMJ $PNNVOJRV├п PG UIF )JHI -FWFM 1BOFM .BSDI

5PXBSE 1FPQMF 1PXFSFE "DDPVOUBCJMJUZ $*7*$64 %BUB4IJGU

тАв %BUB 4IJGUтАл ╫ЧтАм1PTU ╓дрйД ╒▓рзАрв▓рйД %BUB 3FWPMVUJPO ╓дрйД▄│ р░╖тАл █╜╪АтАм$*7*$64╨╛ ▀КркТр│а рйЙтАлргК╫дтАмр▒нра│рйЙтАл ╓Щ ▌┤тАмриШ ╤РрннтАл▌м ╪╗тАмрджрпП (1&%$ ╥Крид╙Щ р┤етАл╫╕тАмрзА тАлрн╢ рв▓рн╛▌ПтАмрлУ ╥Ер┤жри╕ ▀Кр▓┤р│г тАв %BUB 4IJGUтАл( ╫ЧтАмMPCBM 4PVUI рдж▐╣рвОр┤е ╤А рлСрдз ╥Хрим рм░риЧрйД рйЙтАлргК╫дтАмр▒нра│рйЙтАлргК╫дрйЙ ╪▓ ▌┤тАмр▒нра│рйД ╙ФраД тАлрй╕▌╛тАмри╖ r1FPQMF 1PXFSFE "DDPVOUBCJMJUZs ▄│ ╥КроВр│Ю╙Э ридр│грйР ╨┐ рлСрзЙрйД рдж▐╣рвОр┤етАлрнУ╫▒тАм┘Ь рйЙ ╤Р▀КриЧркС р│РтАлркВ█╜тАмр▒Ярзм рй┐рм╝рзА тАл╪АтАмр│а рй┐раБ▄│ ржМ▄╗╥К рйД╤╝ри╕ ркБ╙Эр│ЮтАл ▌┤тАм╙ЦтАл ▀е█╜тАмромр▓ХрйЛри╕ ╥ХтАл╪▓тАмри╕ ╙Эр┤жр│б рг╗ рйУтАл █╛╪итАмр│ЮтАлрйМ ╫ЧтАмркЩрйД LOPXMFEHF IVCтАл рйДрв▓█╜тАмрзЙр│бри╕ рг╗р│пр│Ю╤▒ тАл ╪╝тАм╤кри╡тАл █╜тАм╙ЭтАл ╪АтАм тАв rрдж▐╣рзА рйДр│а ╤ЕрджsтАл█╜рвЬ ╫Ч█ДтАмриН р┤Лр░ХрйД тАл╫д▌╜тАмр░а▌В рджрдЭр░ори╕ ╥│рн╖р│гри╡тАл рйДраБрй┐ реД█╜тАм╥Хрим▄│ р░╛р│з р│а рвОтАл рйД█ИтАмрдж▐╣рйЙ рк▒рнУрй╕ри╡тАл ▄│▄╗ргЧ▌╛ █╜тАм╒▓╥К р╡ири╕ ╨╛рлСтАлрв┐▐Црм╝ ▌┤тАмри╕ ╥КроВр│б рг╗ рйУтАл █╛╪итАмр│Ю╥К рйУри║

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6/ ࢚ഐ଼‫פݽ ࢿޖ‬ఠ݂ ࠁҊࢲ 6/ UIF SE .VUVBM "DDPVOUBCJMJUZ 4VSWFZ • 6/%$'‫ ח‬6/%1৬ ೣԋ ֙ী ೠߣঀ Ҵо߹ ࢚ഐ଼‫ ࢿޖ‬.VUVBM "DDPVOUBCJMJUZ ." ࢲ߬੉ܳ पदೞҊ ੓਺ ֙ ֙ ର ࢲ߬੉ ੉റ ߣ૩ Ѿҗ ࠁҊࢲо ֙ ୡী ߊ೯‫ ਺঻غ‬ • ࠄ ࠁҊࢲ‫ ח‬." ࢲ߬੉ Ѿҗܳ ష‫ ۽؀‬1PTU द‫؀‬৬ ҙ۲ೠ ઱ਃ ੉गٜਸ ઁदೞҊ ੓਺ ѐߊഈ۱ ૑ഋ‫߸ ੄ب‬ച‫ੋ ۽‬೧ ҕ ҕৈ઱୓о ‫׮‬ন೧૑Ҋ ࠂ੟೧૗ അઓೞ‫࢚ ח‬ഐ଼‫ ࢿޖ‬೐ۨ੐ਕ௼о ੉ܳ ੸੺൤ ੍যյ ࣻ ੓‫ח‬оܳ Ҋ޹ 1PTU ীࢲ‫ ب‬নࢿಣ١җ ৈࢿ ੐౵ਕ‫ݢ‬౟‫ ח‬਋ࢶद ‫غ‬যঠ ೣ ৈ੹൤ ." ࢲ߬੉ী‫ ח‬ઃ؊ ҙ۲ ߸ചо ‫׀‬ী ‫ڸ‬૑ ঋ‫ ח׮ח‬ೠ҅ ઓ੤ ." ੉೯җ੿ীࢲ੄ ‫੹ب‬җઁ ઺ ೞաо ߄‫ ۽‬Ҵ߹ ࢚ഐ଼‫ ࢿޖ‬ ୓҅৬ җ੿ਸ য‫ڌ‬ѱ ೞ‫ ׮ࠁ ݶ‬ನҚ੸ਵ‫݅ ۽‬ٜ Ѫੋоী ‫؀‬ೠ пҴ Ҵഥ੄ ѐߊഈ۱ী ҙೠ хदܳ ъച ࠗ࠙੐ Ҵ߹ ‫҅ױ‬ীࢲ‫ ח‬п ೞ‫ ח‬Ѫ੉ ‫ݒ‬਋ ೙ਃೣ HMPCBM OBUJPOBM MFWFMীࢲ੄ ࢚ഐ଼‫ࢿޖ‬਷ ࠺Ү੸ ݆੉ ֤੄‫ ݶ߈ ػ‬SFHJPOBM JOTUJUVUJPOT F H 3FHJPOBM MFWFMਸ Ҵղ৻ ଼‫ઁ ࢿޖ‬Ҋ "GSJDBO 6OJPO ੄ ৉ೡী ‫؀‬ೠ Ҋ۰‫ ח‬Ѣ੄ ‫غ‬૑ ঋҊ ੓਺ 3 ܳ ਤೠ ӝઁ‫ ۽‬য‫ڌ‬ѱ ഝਊೡ Ѫੋоী ‫؀‬ೠ Ҋ۰ ೙ਃ Q QPTU ীࢲ੄ ଼‫ࢿޖ‬਷ rद੄ࢿ UJNFMZ ੓Ҋ ੿ഛೞ‫ ݴ‬BDDVSBUF ਬਊೠ VTFGVM ੿ࠁsо ೙ਃೣ ؊ࠛয ઱ਃ ੉೧ҙ҅੗ࡺ݅ ই‫ݽ ۄפ‬ٚ ‫઺؀‬ٜীѱ ੽Ӕ о‫מ‬೧ঠ BDDFTTJCMF ೣ ੉ܳ ਤ೧ࢲ‫*" ח‬.4 "JE *OGPSNBUJPO .BOBHFNFOU 4ZTUFN ܳ ࢚ഐ଼‫ࠁ ࢿޖ‬Ҋ୓҅৬ ো҅दః‫ ח‬ ߑউਸ Ҋ޹೧աоঠ ೡ Ѫ੐

(1&%$ ‫פݽ‬ఠ݂ ୓҅ ࣘ ଼‫ ࢿݺై ࢿޖ‬ • ֙ ࠗ࢑ࣁ҅ѐߊਗઑ ୨ഥ ੉റ ബҗ੸ੋ ѐ ߊഈ۱ਸ ਤೠ Ӗ‫ ߥ۽‬౵౟ցभ (1&%$ (MPCBM 1BSUOFSTIJQ PO &GGFDUJWF %FWFMPQNFOU $PPQFSBUJPO ୓ઁ ୹ߧ • Ҵ Ҵઁࢎഥ‫( ח‬1&%$ ੉೯അടਸ ੼Ѩೞӝ ਤ೧ (1&%$ ‫੉ ؀‬೯ ‫פݽ‬ఠ݂ ૑಴ ҳ୷ ૑಴ ѐߊഈ۱ ੿ࠁ ҕѐ ਗઑ • ‫ ؀‬૑಴ ઺ ૑ ৘ஏо‫ ࢿמ‬ਗઑ੄ ৘࢑ച ࢚ഐ଼‫ ࢿޖ‬١ ѐ ૑಴‫ ח‬rਗઑై‫ࢿݺ‬җ ଼‫ࢿޖ‬s ѐ֛ী ૒ р੽੸ਵ ‫ ۽‬োҙ‫ظ‬੓਺ • ֙ 6/%1 0&$% ҕ‫ز‬ਵ‫( ۽‬1&%$ ੉೯ അടਸ ಣоೠ ୐ ߣ૩ QSPHSFTT SFQPSU ߊ಴

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(1&%$ рйЙр│п тАл╫д▌╜тАмр░а▌В раБ╥Крв▓ QSPHSFTT SFQPSU PO (1&%$ ┬й рвЪр┤Ррм╝тАл рв┐▐ЦтАмр▓г╨╛ ╙Эрк│рзА тАл╪АтАмр│а рйЙр│п ра║рип

_ ▀г рлСр▓┤рзА ра║р│з ▀г рлСр▓┤рйД рйЙр│п ра║рипрйЙ тАл▌ТтАмриЛ ╒ори╖ ╤кри╕ р┤ЫрйЛр│б рг╗ рйУри║ ▀грйД ╥ГриЛ рзА раЫ╥Ч

.VUVBM UP .VMUJQMF "DDPVOUBCJMJUZ NVMUJQMF BDUPST BOE MFWFMT PG EJBMPHVF

рлСр▓┤ рвЪр┤Р рм╝тАл рв┐▐ЦтАм тАв ╓Щ тАл▌╛ рв┐╫│тАмр▓┤ тАл▌╜тАм┘Ъ ╤Р▀КтАлрвЪ╪итАм╥┤┘ЬрйЙ р▓и╥Ърй╕рйЛ рвЪр┤Р рй╝╤и р▓г╨╛▄│ рдкрдж тАв рвЪр┤Р рм╝тАл рйЙрв┐▐ЦтАмр│▒рвЪтАл ╫Ч╫о╪╣тАмр▓г╨╛▄│ ╒▓▄╗╙Э ридр│зрв▓тАл ╫ЧтАм ╤Р ╙Эрк│ рк║ рй╕ржптАл ╪итАм╤Р рйЙрвЪри╕ рн╜ркТр│зржа р│г ╨┐╥┤рйД риЧркС р▒╡р▒Я╓БрднрзА ╥Щр│а рй┐рм╝рзА ╤Р▀Кр┤И█▒ риЛрв╢рг╜рид╨╛ тАл▌║тАмрджтАл╪║тАмржпрйУржпржа р│г р┤м╥Чрй╕ ╤Р▀Кр┤И█▒ри╕ ридр│а ╥┤▀╣ р░Л╤╢рйЙ рг╗риЧ╥┤╥Ч ╥ХрзИ╥┤ ржироПрзА тАл ┘Б▌╜тАмркУрйдр│зржа р│г ╓Щ ╤А рй┐╙Эрй╕рйЛ ╤ир░╖▄│ рдкрджр│зрз│ржпржа р│г рлСрзЙ рй┐раЧрзм ра║рвЪрйР рйЙр│з╥Щ╥ЕрйЧ┘ЬтАл ╪итАмр▓г╨╛╥Чрй┐рзА рк▒тАлрй╕╪итАмри╡тАл █╜тАмрм╡рзИр│б рг╗ рйУржпржа р│г р▓г╨╛ ╤╛╥ЧрйД р▓и╥Ърв┐рйЙ тАл╪║раБ╫╕тАмржпржа р│ЮтАлрйЙ ▌┤тАм╤крйЙ рджрйДрй╕рй║р│Ю╤▒ тАлрк║╪АтАмрзА╤▒ ╥Х╤РтАл╪║тАмржпржа р│г тАв рвЪр┤Р рм╝тАл рв┐▐ЦтАмр▓г╨╛ ╥Чрй┐рзАтАл ╫ЧтАмриЧркС рк▒рнУ▄│ р▓ир│гр│з рйДр┤е ▐╣╤А ргВр░а рдж▐╣рвОр┤етАл рнУ╫▒тАм┘б тАл╫отАмржир│а рйЙр│з╥Щ╥ЕрйЧ┘ЬрйЙ рм╡рзИр│зржа р│г тАл┌ШтАмр│а рй┐╙Эрй╕ри╡тАлрн╢ █╜тАмрлУтАл╪║тАмржпржа р│Ю╥К ▀╜р│п р│б рг╗ рйУтАл рй╕▌А╪й ╫ЧтАмр▓г╨╛ ▀В раЧраЩр▓г╨╛╨╛ р│г╘Л рйЙтАл▄ЮтАмркЙржа р│г

6/ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв раБ╥Крв▓ " MJGF PG EJHOJUZ GPS BMM BDDFMFSBUJOH QSPHSFTT UPXBSET UIF .JMMFOOJVN %FWFMPQNFOU (PBMT BOE BEWBODJOH UIF 6OJUFE /BUJPOT EFWFMPQNFOU BHFOEB CFZPOE

┬а 1PTU ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤▄│ ╥│рв┐р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╨╛рлС риГргЧ B рйЛ╙В╥Ч раБр▓Юрй╕ ╨╛роЦ ╙Эрк│рзА ╙Э▀Ир│а р│▒р┤▒ ра║рй╣ B GBS SFBDIJOH WJTJPO PG UIF GVUVSF GJSNMZ BODIPSFE JO IVNBO SJHIUT BOE VOJWFSTBMMZ BDDFQUFE WBMVFT BOE QSJODJQMFT JODMVEJOH UIPTF FODBQTVMBUFE JO UIF $IBSUFS UIF 6OJWFSTBM %FDMBSBUJPO PG )VNBO 3JHIUT BOE UIF .JMMFOOJVN %FDMBSBUJPO C ╥│рнУрй╕ тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤ ▀В ргБраЧ тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤ B TFU PG DPODJTF HPBMT BOE UBSHFUT BJNFE BU SFBMJ[JOH UIF QSJPSJUJFT PG UIF BHFOEB D рйЙр│при╕ ридр│а ╙ЦтАл▀е█╜тАмр▒╡р▒Я╓Брдн B HMPCBM QBSUOFSTIJQ GPS EFWFMPQNFOU UP NPCJMJ[F NFBOT PG JNQMFNFOUBUJPO E рм╡рзИрй╕рйЛ тАл╫д▌╜тАмр░а▌В р│Р█ирйРриХрп╝ B B QBSUJDJQBUPSZ NPOJUPSJOH GSBNFXPSL GPS USBDLJOH QSPHSFTT B BOE NVUVBM BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ NFDIBOJTNT GPS BMM TUBLFIPMEFST

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08( 4%(T ╤╛╥ЧтАл рв▓▐ЩтАм *OUSPEVDUJPO UP UIF 1SPQPTBM PG UIF 0QFO 8PSLJOH (SPVQ GPS 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU (PBMT (PBM 4USFOHUIFO UIF NFBOT PG JNQMFNFOUBUJPO BOE SFWJUBMJ[F UIF HMPCBM QBSUOFSTIJQ GPS TVTUBJOBCMF EFWFMPQNFOU 4ZTUFNJD JTTVFT %BUB NPOJUPSJOH BOE BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ ╓Щ╙йрлС рннра╝╥┤╥Ч ╥╡ргЧтАлрв▓╪итАм╤Р▀КтАлрвЪ╪итАм╥┤рзА рнбрй╝ри╕ тАл▌╜ рн╛▌ПтАм┘Ъ ╤РтАл╪итАм╥┤рйД рзЙтАл█ЭтАм╤Кр┤Ъ▄│ рлСриЧр│ЮрзИ ржирлХрйД рдж╙Э рй╕рй║р│а ргБраЩр┤ЪтАлрйЙ╪Ш ╪╗тАмр░а ргЧ┘Щ рв┐▀╣ рзЛ█╕ рйЛркЩ ▐╣ркТ рйвржЧрзИраЧ рлС▄╗рй╕ ридроЦ ╥┤╨╛рвЪр┤Я ╥Ч ╥Щ█▓тАл рв┐ргШ ╪╗тАм┘б рйД рйЙриК╨╛тАлрв┐╫ЮтАмри╕ рп╝╤▒ р┤ЫтАл╪АтАмр│атАл ╫отАм CZ FOIBODF DBQBDJUZ CVJMEJOH TVQQPSU UP EFWFMPQJOH DPVOUSJFT JODMVEJOH GPS -%$T BOE 4*%4 UP JODSFBTF TJHOJGJDBOUMZ UIF BWBJMBCJMJUZ PG IJHI RVBMJUZ UJNFMZ BOE SFMJBCMF EBUB EJTBHHSFHBUFE CZ JODPNF HFOEFS BHF SBDF FUIOJDJUZ NJHSBUPSZ TUBUVT EJTBCJMJUZ HFPHSBQIJD MPDBUJPO BOE PUIFS DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT SFMFWBOU JO OBUJPOBM DPOUFYUT ╓Щ╙йрлС (%1▄│ раБрзор│б рг╗ рйУтАл ╫ЧтАмрлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАм╤Р▀КрйД ▀Крй╣р┤Ер┤ЯрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а роПрй┐╙Эрк│ри╕ ╤Р▀Кр│б рг╗ рйУ тАл ╫ЧтАм╙ЭркУрйД рйЙтАлргК╫дтАмр▒нра│▄│ ╪К ▀Крй╣рджр░Г╥К ╤РтАл╪итАм╥┤рйД р░╛╥ЕрзЙтАл█ЭтАмри╕ ╤Кр┤Ър│б рг╗ рйУтАл █╛╪итАмрлСриЧр│атАл ╫отАм CZ CVJME PO FYJTUJOH JOJUJBUJWFT UP EFWFMPQ NFBTVSFNFOUT PG QSPHSFTT PO TVTUBJOBCMF EFWFMPQNFOU UIBU DPNQMFNFOU (%1 BOE TVQQPSU TUBUJTUJDBM DBQBDJUZ CVJMEJOH JO EFWFMPQJOH DPVOUSJFT

08( 4%(T ╤╛╥ЧтАлрв▓▐ЩтАмрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а #FZPOE рйСрйв тАл рв▓▐ЩтАм ,&: $0..&/54 #FZPOE 3FBDUJPO UP UIF 0VUDPNF %PDVNFOU PG UIF 0QFO 8PSLJOH (SPVQ PO 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU (PBMT тАв 1PTU ри╕ ридр│зрв▓тАл ╫ораБ ╫ЧтАм╤К█▒р│Ю╥К ╤╝╥Кр│ЮтАл ▌┤тАмр▓и╥Ърй╕рйЛ рм╝тАл рв┐▐ЦтАмр│Р█ирйРриХрп╝╨╛ р│Щрг╗рй╕рйЙтАлрвЪ ▌┤тАмр┤Р р│Я рдгри╕ ридр│а тАл╫д▌╜тАмр░а▌В ▀В раБ╥К ╙ЭркБ▄│ р┤Лрв┐р│б р│ЩриГ╨╛ рйУри║ рйЙ█Юр│а р│Р█ирйРриХрп╝тАл раЧрй┐ ╫ЧтАмрдж▐╣рвОр┤е ▐╣╤АргВ р░атАл █╜тАмр│ЮрзИ╙Ш 4%(TрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а рм╝тАл ▄│▐ЦтАмрнв╥│р│гри╡тАл реД█╜тАм╙ЦтАл ▀е█╜тАмр▒╡р▒Я╓Брднри╕ тАлрв┐╫│тАмр│ЮтАл ╪Ш ╫ЧтАм╙ЭрзИр│б рг╗ рйУри║ тАв рм╝тАлрв┐▐ЦтАмри╖ ╨╛рйв ╨╛╒др│Ю╥К ргЧрз╗▀ЙтАл█ИрвО ╫ЧтАм┘Ьри╕ ридр│а рннриЛрв╢ р│ирдм ╨╛роЦ╨╛ тАл╪║тАмржпржа р│г рм╡рзИ 1BSUJDJQBUJPO ▄│ р░╛р│а рйРр▒╡риХтАл▌втАмр▒Я FNQPXFSNFOU ╨╛тАл ╫ЮтАм тАв р┤ЕрйврйД тАл▀И ▄│▄╗ргЧ▌╛тАмрзФр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАмMPDBM OBUJPOBM MFWFM NFDIBOJTNрйЙ р│ЩриГр│ЮтАл┘Ш▀И ╫ЧрйЙ ▌┤тАмрдж SFHJPOBM HMPCBM MFWFMтАл █╜тАмрзЛ╥ЕтАл╪║тАмржпржа р│г тАв ╨┐╥┤ рй┐раЧтАл ╫ЧтАм4%(T р│Р█ирйРриХрп╝рйД рйДтАл╫╕▐ЦтАмрлСрйЧрйЙрйЧ ╨╛тАл ▌ЪтАмрк▒рнУтАл▌╜ рв▓█╜тАм┘Ъ ╥Щ█▓ рк▒рнУ┘ЬрйЙ рйЧрдирйД рм╝тАлрв┐▐ЦтАм ри╕ рйЛрлСр│б рг╗ рйУтАл █╛╪итАмр│зржа р│б рм╝рйРрйЙ рйУри║ тАл┌ШтАмр│а ╨┐╥┤ рй┐раЧтАл ╫ЧтАмQPTU ржЗркГтАл ╫отАм╒▓рзА ╨┐╥┤ рдж▐╣┘Ь╥Ч рдж ▐╣рвОр┤е╨╛ рй┐раЧрйД рм╝тАлрв┐▐ЦтАмри╕ рнв╥│р│ЮтАл ╪Ш ╫ЧтАмриЛр┤Ррй╕рйЛ р┤Ь╥Гри╕ ркСрв┐р│Ю╙Э ридр│а ▀СржЙри╕ ▀И┘Шрдж р▓ир│гр│зржа р│г тАв рм╝тАлрв┐▐ЦтАмри╖ r&OBCMJOH &OWJSPONFOU PG $BQBDJUZ #VJMEJOHs rGSFFEPN PG BTTPDJBUJPO BOE JOGPSNBUJPOs rUSBOTQBSFODZs rJOEFQFOEFODF BOE GBJSOFTTs rCSPBEFS NFDIBOJTN UP FOTVSF UIF FGGFDUJWF QBSUJDJQBUJPO BOE JOGMVFODF PG BMM QFPQMF JO EFDJTJPO NBLJOH QSPDFTTs ╥Ч ╤Нри╖ ╨╛роЦ┘ЬрйЙ рж╣рйЙтАл ╫ЧтАм╤╛рпП рв┐▌Ар│б рг╗ рж╣ри║

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рдж▐╣рвОр┤е╨╛ ╤КркСр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАмQPTU ╥Ч рм╝тАл рв┐▐ЦтАм #FZPOE &TTFOUJBM NVTU IBWFT "DDPVOUBCJMJUZ

B 5IF GSBNFXPSL NVTU DMFBSMZ MBZ P PVU FOGPSDFBCMF BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ NFDIBOJTNT BT XFMM BT UIF QSPDFTT GPS BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ BU B OBUJPOBM SFHJPOBM BOE HMPCBM MFWFM 5IJT NVTU JODMVEF OBUJPOBM PWFSTJHIU BOE JOEFQFOEFOU SFWJFX NFDIBOJTNT BU UIF JOUFSOBUJPOBM MFWFM NFDIBOJTNT GPS NVUVBM BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ CFUXFFO HPWFSONFOUT C 5IF GSBNFXPSL NVTU JODMVEF N BOE EPOPST NFDIBOJTNT GPS B HPWFSONFOUBM QFFS SFWJFX QSPDFTT XIJDI D 5IF GSBNFXPSL NVTU JODMVEF N JODMVEFT DJWJM TPDJFUZ NVTU FOBCMF DJUJ[FOT JO EFWFMPQJOH DPVOUSJFT UP IPME UIFJS HPWFSONFOUT UP E 5IF GSBNFXPSL N BDDPVOU JO SFBM UJNF GPS QSPHSFTT PO DPNNJUNFOUT NBEF NFBTVSFT UP EJTBHHSFHBUF EBUB F 5IF GSBNFXPSL NVTU JODMVEF NPOJUPSJOH NFDIBOJTNT XJUI N TP UIBU UIF JNQBDU PO NBSHJOBMJTFE HSPVQT DBO CF QSPQFSMZ BEESFTTFE /BUJPOBM QSPDFTTFT NVTU JO UIF TQJSJU PG E EFNPDSBUJD PXOFSTIJQ JOWPMWF NFBOJOHGVM G / DPOTVMUBUJPO BOE TDSVUJOZ CZ QBSMJBNFOU BOE DJWJM TPDJFUZ

1PTU рдж▐╣рвОр┤е р▒╡р▒Я╓БрднрзА ╥Щр│а р┤ерйДрзАрв▓ ркБ╙ЭтАл рв┐▐Црм╝ ╪╗тАм╥Щ█▓ р│ирдм рйД╤╝ родраБ┘гржЗ рджрзД▌А

1045 %JBMPHVFT PO 1BSUOFSTIJQT XJUI $JWJM 4PDJFUZ (MPCBM .FFUJOH 4JFN 3FBQ $BNCPEJB тАв рм╝тАлрв┐▐ЦтАм╥Ч р▒ИтАлрв┐▌║тАмри╖ ╤╛рпП раЩ▄╗тАл рг╗ ╪╝тАмрж╣тАл ╫ЧтАм╨╛роЦрйЙтАлркБ рв┐▌║р▒И ▌┤тАм╥К▄│ р░╛р│а rBDDFTT UP JOGPSNBUJPOsри╖ рм╝ тАл рв┐▐ЦтАмр│▒рвЪри╕ ридр│а р│Щрг╗рй╕ ркБ▀И ркС╤дрйР ╪КраЫржп рй┐раБ ╥Х╤Ррб║▌Е ржЗтАл █Д╫дтАмрдж▐╣ рм╡рзИ▄│ р│г╘Л тАлраБ╫╕тАмр│б тАл ┘╕тАмрлУрй┐ р│а рм╝тАл▌Т рв┐▐ЦтАмро┤тАл рйЙрв┐╫│ рлН╫дтАм╨╛тАл ╫ЮтАм тАв %"5" 3&70-65*0/ ╤КркС рй┐раБ▄│ тАл рг╜╫▒тАм╒брзМр│Ю╙ЭраБтАл ▄│раБрй┐ ╫отАмрйд╨╛╥Хр│ЮрзИ рм╣рйДрй╕рйЛ ▀Срдзри╡тАлра║ █╜тАмрк▒рж┤р│Ю╤▒ ркБ╥Хр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╤крйЙ р│ирдм рзИ╙Эрв▓ EBUBтАл╥Ер░╛ рг╜╫▒ █ЖтАмрйЧтАл ▄РтАмTUBUJTUJDT ╨╛ ржЗтАл▌║рв╕ ╫жтАм╥Ч рйЙржа╙Э OBSSBUJWFT ▄│ тАл╫╕тАм╥К рйУри║ри╕ рйД▐╖ ├Ь ╤Р▀КрйдриЧри╕ ркСрв┐р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╒кргБрйЧ р┤Сри╖ ╤Р▀КрвОрж╕рйД рлТрй╜рй╕ рзФр│▒ри╕ ▀ЙтАл ╫ЧтАмрдж▐╣┘ЬрйЙ r╤Р▀КтАлрйЛ █╜тАмр│а ╤╛╥Чрзм ▀╕р┤Ъs▄│ рлТрй╜рй╕ри╡тАлрйЛ █╜тАмрлСр│б рг╗ рйУтАл █╛╪итАмр│зржа р│г тАв рм╝тАлрв┐▐ЦтАмри╖ рдж▐╣рвОр┤е╨╛ рк▒рйвр│зржа р│б рннриЛрв╢ р│ирдм ╨╛роЦрйР QBSUJDJQBUJPO ┬к FOHBHFNFOU ┬к FNQPXFSNFOU рйД тАл ╥Е╫▒тАмр┤Лрв┐ р│ЩриГ EBUB DPMMFDUJPO ┬к EBUB EJTTFNJOBUJPO ┬к BEWPDBDZ тАл █╜тАм╙И╤╛тАл╪║тАмржпржа р│г тАв рй┐раЧрйД рй┐рм╝ р┤Лрв┐ ╥Чрй┐рзА рдж▐╣рвОр┤ерйД раБтАлрй╕ ╫отАм╙Урй╕рйЛ ╤РрйС╥Ч рм╡рзИ╨╛ р│ЩриГ тАв EFDFOUSBMJ[BUJPO PG BDDPVOUBCJMJUZ р│ЩриГ

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ೠҴ ѐߊഈ۱ࢎഥ੄ ై‫ࢿݺ‬җ ଼‫ઁ ࢿޖ‬Ҋ ֢۱ ֙ Ҵഥ ࠄഥ੄ Ҵઁѐߊഈ۱ӝࠄߨ ѐ੿ ਗઑై‫ ࢿݺ‬ૐ૓ ‫ݺ‬द Ҵઁѐߊഈ۱ਤਗഥ ੄Ѿӂೠ ࠗৈ ৻ࠗಣоߑউ ١ਸ ನೣ <੿ࠗ> • ೠҴ 0%" ಣо୓҅ ъച ୶૓ • ֙ Ҵઁਗઑై‫ࢿݺ‬ӝҳ *"5* *OUFSOBUJPOBM "JE 5SBOTQBSFODZ *OJUJBUJWF оੑ • ‫׮‬੗ӝҳಣо֎౟ਕ௼ .01"/ ഝ‫ ز‬ଵৈ ഛ‫ ؀‬ <द޹ࢎഥ> • ই‫ز‬ӂܻ ࠁഐܳ ਤೠ ޷٣য о੉٘‫ߊ ੋۄ‬р • Ҵઁѐߊഈ۱/(0 ଼‫ ࢿޖ‬੗о૓‫୹ ࢲױ‬р

хࢎ೤‫ ׮פ‬-

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캄보디아회의 공유문서

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Initial Recommendations from the “Partnerships with Civil Society” Component of the UNDG Project “Continuing inclusive dialogue on the post-2015 development agenda” August 2014

The United Nations Development Group (UNDG) is currently conducting the project “Continuing inclusive dialogue on the post-2015 development agenda,” which includes a component on “partnerships with civil society,” co-led by UNFPA, UNMC, UN-NGLS and UNV, focused on issues related to means of implementation for the post-2015 development agenda. Thus far, the “partnerships with civil society” track has involved an online e-discussion (including a focus question feeding into the High Level Political Forum), and national dialogues in 8 countries. Activities will culminate in a global event in Cambodia in October 2014. More than 55 online contributions have been received from civil society, individuals and government representatives for the e-discussion; national meetings were held in Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Colombia, Indonesia, Jordan, Lesotho, St. Lucia and Tunisia. Below are four key recommendations emerging from this exercise: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Recognize and understand the role of civil society in policy development; Create an enabling environment: Build a policy and regulatory framework that maximizes civil society’s contribution towards development objectives; Proactively align multi-stakeholder priorities, including those of government, civil society, volunteers and private sector actors; Set up and maintain accountability mechanisms that monitor partnerships and progress in implementation efforts.

1. Recognize and understand the role of civil society in policy development Civil society plays important advocacy and mediation roles in policy development through: identifying the most critical development priorities, suggesting practical solutions and policy opportunities, and critiquing impractical or problematic policies. The expertise of local civil society can be more grounded in national circumstances than the expertise of international research institutions. Among other contributions, civil society's role should include: x Supporting government in translating global goals and targets into policies that reflect the actual needs and priorities of local communities. x Helping to include actors that would otherwise be left out of policy decision-making. x Taking a leading role in raising awareness at the community level on new legislation, policies or important development initiatives, by reaching out in particular to marginalized groups and geographic areas. The full participation of civil society in designing post-2015 policies is required to build functional national systems. Recommended actions: 1. Conduct national consultations to take stock of effective civil society engagement, replicate best practices and increase civil society capacity. 2. Train public servants on the role of non-state actors in policy development. 3. Prioritize information sharing, including through online outreach. Page 1 of 2

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2. Create an enabling environment: Build a policy and regulatory framework that maximizes civil societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s contribution towards development objectives An enabling environment for civil society partnership must, at a minimum, be consistent with agreed international human rights, including among others: freedom of association, freedom of peaceful assembly, freedom of expression, the right to operate free from unwarranted State interference, the right to communicate and cooperate, the right to seek and secure funding. Further, States must fulfil their duty to protect. Governments should build local capacity in priority areas, and engage civil societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s capacity to produce credible analytical, qualitative and quantitative research. Recommended actions: 1. Develop and improve coordination and knowledge-sharing mechanisms to avoid duplication, build alliances and strengthen capacity. 2. Expand access to technology, including the Internet. 3. Ensure access to independent media and information; create public media platforms. 4. Invest in building the capacity of civil society organizations, including by providing support for their participation in government meetings (for travel, per diem, translation, interpretation, report production). 5. Relax visa requirements for civil society to attend international conferences (which most often take place in developed countries), to exchange expertise and lessons learned. 3. Proactively align multi-stakeholder priorities, including those of government, civil society, volunteers and private sector actors To align multi-stakeholder priorities, efforts and resources must be pooled to achieve shared objectives and common results. As information sharing is essential to ensure meaningful implementation of the post-2015 development agenda, all stakeholders should develop public awareness processes. Convergence should always be managed to the mutual benefit of people and State. Volunteerism can be seen as a cross-cutting means of implementation, producing benefits such as capacity building, empowerment and social integration. Recommended actions: 1. Support training on how to build and institutionalize partnerships. 2. Organize multi-stakeholder forums (virtual or face-to-face) to discuss priorities, ensure coordination and monitor activities. 3. Contextualize programme data and policy documents into research and publication materials that could contribute to national development. 4. Create public awareness on the benefits of volunteerism in order to tap into its potential. 5. Establish corporate social responsibility (CSR) mechanisms to foster collaborative relationships with the private sector, based on transparency and shared values. 4. Set up and maintain accountability mechanisms that monitor partnerships and progress in implementation efforts It is essential for all development actors to agree on the design of sustainable development policy, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation to achieve an effective agenda. The formulation of the post-2015 development agenda provides an opportunity to ensure more systematic and regulatory monitoring of government strategies and action. Existing accountability mechanisms should be strengthened, while the use of media (free press, social media) can critically contribute to a more effective and responsive governance, providing tools for assessment of strategic decisions taken by both the public and private sector. Recommended actions: 1. Institutionalize regular forums to jointly evaluate progress and accountability. 2. Form a multi-stakeholder working group to periodically assess efforts and implementation progress including government, the private sector, civil society, academia, and media, committed to the principle of transparency. 3. Draw on the expertise of collective bodies, such as municipal councils, to inform discussion. 4. Build Internet portals and websites for monitoring initiatives, including real-time monitoring. 5. Create transparency mechanisms, through the development of public, private and civil initiatives that provide a clear, concrete and democratic review of the challenges and setbacks of the global development agenda.

Page 2 of 2

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DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

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ÂŠ United Nations Development Group 2014. Manufactured in the United States of America. The analysis and recommendations of this report do not necessarily reflect the official views of the United Nations, its agencies or its Member States. Textual material may be freely reproduced with proper citation and/or attribution to the authoring agencies, as appropriate. All rights reserved for photographic material, which cannot be reproduced in any digital or traditional format without permission except as part of this publication (such as when reposting a PDF file with attribution).

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X X X

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

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CONTENTS Foreword

III

Summary

Cross-cutting messages from the Dialogues

Participation

Inclusion

Capacities

Partnerships

Next steps

I. Strengthening capacities and building effective institutions

II. Localizing the agenda

III. Participatory monitoring and accountability

IV. Partnerships with civil society

V. Engaging with the private sector

VI. Culture and development

Description of Dialogue process

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS I

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FOREWORD of development finance, trade, and developing and sharing technologies to implementation. The UN’s work with governments at country level is highlighting the importance of local opportunities and challenges to sustainable human development. The dialogues recorded in this report explore the local and national side of ‘how’ the post-2015 agenda can be implemented. They consider the imClosing ceremony of the second round of post-2015 national consultations was held at ADA University in Baku, Azerbaijan (Photo: UNDP Azerbaijan)

portance of capacities and institutions, monitoring and accountability, localizing the agenda and making it fit for context, the role of culture as a mediator of deve-

With their clear and simple call to tackle

showed how much we have in common

lopment processes, and partnerships

poverty, the Millennium Development

in our hopes and aspirations. People in all

with civil society and the private sector.

Goals (MDGs) have helped to mobilize

countries have called for an agenda that

As such, they contain important messa-

resources and concentrate action around

is more consistent with the realization

ges for governments to consider in their

the world. Now, the UN development

of their human rights, and which reflects

continued efforts to reach agreement on

system is helping countries to accelerate

the day to day reality of their lives.

post-2015.

maining to 31 December 2015, while also

UN Member States have listened to these

The main message of the dialogues

looking ahead to the global develop-

voices as they worked on the design of

and of this report is that, irrespective of

ment agenda which will succeed them.

the Sustainable Development Goals.

income status or region, the implemen-

The Open Working Group proposes a

tation of the new agenda will depend

Lessons learned from the MDG experi-

universal agenda to eradicate poverty

on actions taken at national and local

ence are relevant as the new agenda is

and shift the world onto a sustainable

levels. It is there that attention will need

constructed. One lesson was about the

development path. It includes goals on

to be focused and investments made, if

need to include a broad range of stake-

poverty reduction, education, health,

we are to make the transformative shifts

holders in its design. Thus, in the past

and tackling the unfinished business of

which advancing human and sustainable

two years, the UN development system

the MDGs overall. Goals on the environ-

development requires.

has facilitated an unprecedented

ment, inequalities, and peaceful and

outreach effort to people all over the

inclusive societies feature prominently.

progress on the MDGs in the time re-

world, and reached out to those not usually consulted in international pro-

The Open Working Group has also

cesses. To date, nearly 5 million people

emphasized the means of implementa-

have expressed their priorities for the

tion, and proposed a stand-alone goal

future.

for that and specific targets under each of the other goals. A global agenda for

The “Global Conversation” on what the

development needs to be implementa-

new agenda should include enabled

ble. Over the next year Member States

people to express their priorities, and

will continue to discuss the contribution

Helen Clark Chair of the United Nations Development Group

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS III

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SUMMARY One year ago the United Nations Development Group (UNDG) released a summary of a global consultation process on the world that people want. The report, ‘A Million Voices’, captured the results of nearly 100 national dialogues on post2015, 11 thematic consultations, and a vibrant e-discussion and global survey, MY World. The current report picks up where ‘A Million Voices’ left off, and looks in more depth at the factors within each country that will support or impede implementation. When negotiators refer to ‘means of implementation’ they are often pointing to a set of economic issues such as the availability of financing and technologies, as well as a conducive global policy environment on international trade and migration. These important global issues can support, or through their absence constrain, the complex process of development.

Children pointing at 'Post-2015 Road Show' sign, Zambia (Photo: UNV Zambia)

In the same manner, a host of local and national factors, such as capacities and institutions, are also important in the way

they relate to each other, and the need to

development plans, and efforts should

they shape or influence development

invest in capacities and resources at the

be made to concretely measure progress

outcomes. Many of these issues were

local level for ownership, implementa-

using innovations in data sources and

raised by people directly in the consulta-

tion, monitoring and accountability.

measurement approaches.

The Dialogue on capacities and institu-

Embedding participation as a principle

tions so far, and so were identified by the UNDG as themes for further exploration.

tions also emphasized the importance

in the new agenda will help align it with

As governments gather in New York

of national-level actors, signalling that a

human rights approaches, but will also

over the next year, seeking to agree a

transformative agenda requires trans-

improve the quality of policies over time,

new global agenda, they should keep in

formed institutions. The implementation

thereby strengthening implementa-

mind one of the key lessons we learned

of the new agenda is likely to be more

tion. Investment in statistics, as well as

from the Millennium Development

successful if the full diversity of stake-

advances in technology and new forms

Goals (MDGs): namely, the importance of

holders is captured (e.g. governments,

of ‘big’ data, can be used to strengthen

national and local contexts. The Dialogue

civil society, business etc.), with policies

participatory monitoring and account-

on localizing the agenda emphasized

and actions tailored to the specific

ability. But mechanisms need to build

the critical role of local governments, the

national context. Processes to strengthen

on existing initiatives, and from the

diversity of local stakeholders and how

capacities should align with national

ground up.

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS V

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Culture plays an important role in

companies that are taking account of

forts overall. Cross-sectoral partnerships

poverty reduction and sustainable

their social and environmental impacts

and increased opportunities for civic

development efforts. As a resilient

as well as their bottom line, while trans-

engagement are needed to add value to

economic sector in its own right, culture

parency in monitoring can help to build

the implementation of the Sustainable

and related activities provide a myriad

trust and strengthen accountability.

Development Goals (SDGs).

of livelihood and employment oppor-

Localizing the agenda will be important

tunities. Harnessing the cultural sector,

for small and medium-sized enterprises

The overarching message of all these

as well as cultural values and culturally

(SMEs).

Dialogues is that ‘softer’ means of imple-

sensitive approaches, can mediate and

mentation will also require sufficient in-

improve development outcomes in

Civil society, and its inherent diversi-

vestment if the new post-2015 develop-

education, gender equality and women’s

ty, can also play a fundamental role in

ment agenda is to make a real difference

and girls’ empowerment, environmental

implementing the new agenda. For this

to people’s lives. Whatever the specific

sustainability, durable urbanization and

to become reality, an understanding is

topic of discussion, several principles

in societies that are recovering from

required of the role that civil society can

emerge again and again: participation,

instability or conflict.

play in policy development. An ena-

inclusion, and the need for strengthened

bling environment needs to be created,

capacities and partnerships.

The private sector will be a key enabler

including through legislation, which

and implementer of the new develop-

maximizes that potential. Effort and trust

Only an agenda that focuses on effective

ment agenda. Moving beyond financial

are needed to align multi-stakeholder

implementation, including through these

contributions, the move to poverty eradi-

priorities, but doing so will lead to more

aspects, will do justice to the aspirations

cation and sustainability will be under-

effective policies and programmes.

and hopes of the millions of people

pinned by a change in how businesses

Stronger accountability mechanisms

around the world who have guided

do business. Government policies can

– including for the private sector – are

governments to this new agenda

reinforce the behaviours of progressive

needed to measure implementation ef-

— the future they want.

Participants discussing in Buea, Cameroon (Photo: UNDP Cameroon)

VI DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

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CROSS-CUTTING MESSAGES FROM THE DIALOGUES THE UN MY WORLD SURVEY PRIORITIES1

Since 2012 the United Nations has been facilitating the largest ever ‘Global Conversation’ on the future world that people want. The first wave of consultations focused on the ‘what’ of the agenda. National dialogues were held in nearly 100 countries in all parts of the world. Alongside face-to-face meetings in many formats, which targeted those who often do not engage in development policy debates, a vibrant online platform allowed people to engage in timely discussions on poverty, health, education, governance, the environment and other topics. The largest ever global survey — MY World — has now collected votes from over 4,5 million people. The outcome of this first round of consulta-

erations. Equality and non-discrimination

— not just of the ‘what’ but also of the

tions is captured in the report ‘A Million

also stand out as a key message: people

‘how’ development is done. They asked

Voices: The World We Want’.

are demanding justice, participation and

not just for a one-off consultation but for

dignity. There is no progress if people are

an ongoing conversation. They want not

One of the main messages that has

left behind. People want to improve their

only to articulate the problems but also

emerged from the UN Global Conver-

lives and those of their families and ask

to help find solutions and be involved in

sation is that people would like their

that governments create opportunities

implementing them.3

governments to be more honest and

for their full and equal participation in

responsive. People have asked for a

decisions that affect them.2

Many of these messages coming from the UNDG-supported consultations have

government that does a better job in representing them — delivering key

The consultations revealed this huge ap-

found resonance in other contributions

services, encouraging growth while

petite and demand for engagement, not

to the post-2015 process, such as the re-

regulating markets, and preventing

only in the design of the development

ports of the High-level Panel on the Post-

insecurities linked to compromising the

agenda but also in its future implemen-

2015 Development Agenda and that of

planet and the well-being of future gen-

tation. People asked for transformation

the Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Most importantly, many of the messages are reflected in the report of the government-led Open Working

“Participate in what if you don’t know about it?” Deputy Director of National Planning in the Ministry of Finance, Zambia

Group on Sustainable Development Goals. Echoing the demand from people for real action, the Open Working Group’s proposal clearly acknowledges the importance of issues around implementation by including ‘means of implemen-

1) Screen capture taken on 4 September 2014. (data.myworld2015.org) 2) United Nations Development Group, ‘A Million Voices: The World We Want’, United Nations, New York, 2013. 3) Ibid.

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 1

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tation’ targets under each goal, as well as

ners in the implementation of an agenda

engaged business sector is critical for

dedicating a full stand-alone goal to it. In

that directly affects their lives. They are

innovation, technological advancement

addition, the report includes dedicated

not passive recipients but active agents

and sustainable economic growth.

goals on reducing inequalities within

of change. This message came strongly

and between countries and promoting

from the Global Conversation in almost

Through this process, we see that gov-

peaceful and inclusive societies.

100 countries and is coming out strongly

ernments and civil society already have

again from the Dialogues on Implemen-

working models to tap into people’s

To help people the world over contribute

tation. Moreover, the Dialogues have

desire and capacities for engagement;

to the debate on the ‘how’ of the agenda,

underlined that while there is an intrinsic

but these examples are too few and not

the United Nations is facilitating a second

value to people being empowered and

yet fully institutionalized into how public

round of dialogues. The Dialogues on

claiming their right to be heard, their par-

policy is delivered. Many have said that

Implementation, in which people are

ticipation and ownership is also essential

while consultations are a good start, they

expressing their views on a number

to achieve successful and sustainable

should not be one-off events but, rather,

of implementation topics, will provide

development outcomes.

mechanisms that provide for a contin-

valuable input into the last stretch of the

ued dialogue with feedback loops that

design process, as well as into preparing

For example, the Dialogue on localizing

inspire ownership from various stake-

the ground for immediate implementa-

the agenda pointed to the need for

holders. The participatory monitoring

tion.

stronger engagement of local stakehold-

and accountability Dialogue emphasized

ers in the definition, implementation and

placing local actors as co-creators in the

While each of the Dialogue streams will

monitoring of the post-2015 develop-

development process, as opposed to be-

have its own set of findings — the pre-

ment agenda, as the achievement of

ing consulted as outsiders. The Dialogue

liminary of which are detailed later in this

many of the MDGs depended on the

on capacities and institutions underlines

report — there are a number of messag-

work of local governments and stake-

this principle with its call for conferring

es that are pertinent to all.

holders. In addition, the Dialogue on cul-

greater voice in decision-making to peo-

ture and development emphasized that

ple living in poverty and marginalized

community participation and ownership,

communities, as well as opportunities

PARTICIPATION — MAKING THE

rooted in local culture, are instrumental

for recourse when rights are violated or

WORLD A BETTER PLACE REQUIRES

in development programmes, including

discrimination is encountered.

PEOPLE’S ENGAGEMENT

for environmental protection, for sustainable urban development and for gender

The Dialogues call for governments to

Possibly the most important message

equality and women’s empowerment.

create spaces and mechanisms for en-

that people are sending is their desire to

Finally, the Dialogue on partnerships

gagement, not only as a way to strength-

be engaged. People want to be full part-

with the private sector stressed that an

en people’s basic political rights but also

“It was my ﬁrst experience to be given a chance to debate the development priorities, and based on the documents on the voices of young people to be included. After listening to it and the participation, I thought, young people can change the world if they are given a chance. We have to ﬁght for that chance.” Mukonga Parkens, a third-year student at Mukuba University, Zambia Security guard voting for MY World survey in San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago (Photo: A. Warner)

2 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

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Young man bringing ideas to paper at UN Youth Consultation, Cambodia (Photo: UN Cambodia)

because it helps to create better policies

all stakeholders, recognizing the heter-

should be at the centre and the owners

and generate better development

ogeneity that exists at all levels: among

of their own development processes,

outcomes. As the participants in the

people, civil society, local governments

with all other relevant actors accountable

Dialogue on monitoring and account-

and the private sector.

to them. The Dialogue on capacities and

ability recommended: “Participatory

institutions suggested that there is a

approaches are about people, working

The inclusion of the full diversity of stake-

particular need to ensure inclusion as a

together in an organized way, to identify

holders means paying specific attention

procedural mechanism to both safeguard

and track the priority issues that affect

to the inclusion of all voices, including

inclusive outcomes and foster account-

their own communities, so that barriers

women and girls, with a particular focus

ability, ownership and trust in the policy

to development and poverty eradication

on marginalized groups and individuals.

process.

can be addressed and solved, with sup-

People living in poverty, indigenous

port as necessary from the public sector,

communities and other minorities, per-

To ensure the inclusion of all stakehold-

private entities and other accountable

sons with disabilities, forcibly displaced

ers, many of the Dialogues highlighted

institutions.”

and stateless persons, children and

the need to bring the global post-2015

young people, migrants and the Lesbian,

development agenda to the local level.

Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT)

Localization of the agenda can help to

INCLUSION — A UNIVERSAL AGENDA

community are some of the groups

ensure that different parts of society are

MEANS ENGAGING ALL PEOPLE AT

and individuals who are not necessarily

included and that diversity is embraced.

THE LOCAL LEVEL

included in policy- and decision-making

By adapting to and embracing a society’s

processes. Participants in the partici-

cultural characteristics, development

The thirst for continued participation and

patory monitoring and accountability

approaches can lead to more successful

engagement is closely linked to a second

Dialogue emphasized that marginalized

outcomes. Civil society can play a par-

message on the importance of including

persons and/or people living in poverty

ticular role in helping to include actors

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 3

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overwhelming need to strengthen capacities at all levels. The emerging

“Fighting for equality and gender balance must not be considered a women’s activity. Everyone in the society, men and women, has to cooperate to have fruitful results in this ﬁeld. Working with families on avoiding further gender-related issues, and setting rules to create gender balance must be the actions taken during our future development goals.” Sahib Namazov (male, 30 years), deputy director of a school in Khachmaz, national consultation in Azerbaijan

development agenda looks set to encompass a set of goals that are more complex, transformative, interdependent and universally applicable than the MDGs. If the implementation of this kind of agenda is to be successful, capacities are at the core. Participants in the Dialogue on capacities and institutions found that strong public institutions can be enablers, but that the opposite is also true: weak public institutions can become obstacles for implementation.

who would otherwise be left out. It is

growth. The Dialogue on culture and

They emphasized that a transformative

also at the local level that SMEs operate,

development highlighted that cultural

development agenda requires upgraded,

representing a large segment of business

initiatives that engage men and boys

coordinated and integrated institutions

and jobs.

to advance women’s empowerment are

and capacities. Similarly, participants in

particularly effective.

the Dialogue on localizing the agenda

This diversity also applies to the role

also emphasized that strong efforts need

different stakeholders can play. Partic-

to be made to improve local leadership,

ipants in the Dialogue on partnerships

CAPACITIES — THE FUEL FOR

human resources and the technical and

with the private sector, for example,

IMPLEMENTATION

management capacities of local gov-

emphasized that the private sector is not

ernments. Civil society also called for

only a source of financing but can also

As the report from the Open Working

investments in building the capacity of

be an actor in development and a driver

Group also recognizes, a third common

civil society organizations (CSOs) to be

of sustainable and inclusive economic

thread in the various Dialogues is an

able to play their role, while in turn sug-

Young people with disabilities discuss their participation in the decision-making process, Niksic, Montenegro (Photo: UN Montenegro, Milos Vujovic)

4 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

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gesting that public servants need skills to nurture and engage non-state actors in policy development. In the Dialogue on partnerships with the private sector the need for capacity-building of SMEs was highlighted, particularly if they are to comply with new sustainability frameworks and standards. The culture and development Dialogue highlighted that culture, and in particular approaches building on cultural diversity, can play a particular role in building capacities for facing the challenges of a multicultural and globalized society. It is clear that upgraded capacities for monitoring and accountability for the new development agenda, including for better data and statistics, are essential. Monitoring the MDGs has already posed huge challenges and data gaps. With a broader and more transformative post-2015 agenda the challenges will

Participant at 'Partnerships with Civil Society and the Private Sector' workshop in Phnom Pen, Cambodia (Photo: UN Cambodia)

only grow in scale. For example, the Dialogue on localizing the agenda found that local-level data are often not readily

MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PARTNERSHIPS

magic bullets. The participants in the Di-

available but are vital to support local

— THE GLUE FOR IMPLEMENTATION

alogues highlighted a number of criteria for a multi-stakeholder partnership to

planning and monitoring of development. The need for quality data manifests

A fourth message apparent across the

be effective and add value. For example,

itself first as a supply issue: open data are

various Dialogues is about the impor-

several of the Dialogues emphasized the

required for people to assess how well

tance of creating multi-stakeholder

need for a clear delineation of respon-

their governments are doing and hold

partnerships for the implementation of

sibilities between the various partners,

them to account. The other side of the

the post-2015 agenda. This was recog-

and for dialogue and transparency of

coin is the need for public institutions

nized by the Open Working Group, which

decision-making processes. The Dialogue

to recognize the validity of new forms of

in its proposal for the SDGs included two

on localizing the agenda also indicated

data collected and produced by citizens,

targets on multi-stakeholder partner-

that a clear division of labour is needed

civil society and business. Meanwhile, the

ships under Goal 17 (“strengthen the

between different levels of government,

Dialogue on partnerships with civil soci-

means of implementation and revitalize

taking into account the comparative

ety recommends that existing account-

the global partnership for sustainable

advantage of each level and accompa-

ability mechanisms should be strength-

development”).4 If constructed careful-

nied by coordination mechanisms that

ened, while also building capacities and

ly, multi-stakeholder partnerships can

harmonize efforts.

infrastructure for real-time monitoring.

facilitate participation and voluntary

Transparent multi-stakeholder mech-

engagement and draw on the assets and

Many also emphasized the need for

anisms for engagement can provide

strengths of different actors.

accountability mechanisms within a partnership, including mandatory social

concrete reviews of the challenges and setbacks of implementing the post-2015

In the Dialogues it was recognized that

and environmental safeguards. Both the

development agenda.

partnerships come in a wide variety of

private sector and localization Dialogues

sizes and shapes and are not necessarily

highlighted the need for enabling legisla-

4) United Nations, ‘Proposal of the Open Working Group for Sustainable Development Goals’, United Nations, New York, 2014.

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 5

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Two boys shaking hands at post-2015 workshop in Azuay, Ecuador (Photo: UNDP Ecuador)

tion and legal frameworks as a basis

NEXT STEPS — EMBEDDING

continue until April 2015 — have includ-

for accountability. Participants in the

ACCOUNTABILITY, PARTNERSHIPS

ed public meetings, online discussions

private sector Dialogue also stressed

AND CAPACITIES INTO MEANS OF

and literature reviews coordinated by the

the importance of building trust for

IMPLEMENTATION FOR THE POST-

UNDG. The thoughts, ideas and activities

constructing successful partnerships.

2015 AGENDA

of the Dialogue participants will continue

Access to information, decentralized

to sharpen our understanding of what it

governance and an enabling environ-

This report presents the results of multi-

will take to implement the new develop-

ment for the independent operation of

ple Dialogues with a range of stakehold-

ment agenda.

CSOs were cited as prerequisites in the

ers: primarily, policy planners, civil socie-

Dialogue on participatory monitoring

ty representatives, academics, volunteer

The appetite for keeping the channels

and accountability.

groups, communities and private-sector

of consultation open continues to grow.

leaders. These activities — which will

Inspired by preliminary results, more

6 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

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countries have requested to be involved in these Dialogues, including several

“The Government of Lesotho is very good at signing international treaties, conventions and action plans. But we are not doing anything to make sure that government follows up and implements. The consequence is that the public is not aware of all these international agreements.”

Small Island Developing States in the Pacific and the Caribbean. The inclusion of Portugal in these Dialogues is a telling example of the growing commitment to a universal sustainable development agenda, one where all countries need to begin putting in place the delivery mechanisms that will bring life to the

Participant in the national Dialogue in Lesotho

commitments made at the global level. As this process unfolds, the partners of the UNDG remain committed to sustaining this unprecedented engagement in

Conversation have increased their aware-

As the MDGs have rallied — and contin-

shaping the global development agenda.

ness of the emerging agenda, and all

ue to rally — governments, non-state

This approach, together with the MY

stakeholders are readying themselves for

actors and international development

World global survey, has demonstrated

implementation.

agencies around a set of clear, simply

proof of concept for connecting people

formulated goals and time-bound

around the world to global policy

As the Dialogues and intergovernmen-

targets to address poverty, so too will the

developments at the United Nations.

tal processes continue, synergies are

forthcoming global framework serve as

This connection must continue during

starting to emerge. It is encouraging

a guiding light for sustainable develop-

the transition from design to the imple-

to already see many of the themes

ment. The global post-2015 and SDG

mentation of the new global agenda.

reflected in the proposal of the Open

framework will signal commitment and

Working Group on Sustainable Develop-

ambition, while also providing a way to

In some countries the Dialogues have

ment Goals. Means of Implementation

measure progress across countries.

already triggered partnerships and

targets are included under each goal

implementation mechanisms, forming

and in a stand-alone goal. Institutions

As the Dialogues on the implementation

the foundations for delivery of the new

and capacities are mentioned several

of the post-2015 agenda have highlight-

agenda. For example, Thailand has intro-

times, and there are two specific targets

ed, however, the global vision is not

duced a prototype of a new application

on multi-stakeholder partnerships. The

enough. We can only expect the new

that allows people, particularly those

preamble of the Open Working Group’s

agenda to succeed if attention is also

living with HIV, to monitor and evalu-

proposal also cites the need for engage-

paid to the ‘softer’ side of the means of

ate public HIV services. In Montenegro

ment by civil society and the private

implementation: the national and local

the process has allowed for a thorough

sector, and the report calls attention to

factors. Implementation will need to be

‘accountability check’ on existing forums

the fundamental role of data in monitor-

participatory and inclusive, with account-

for citizen participation to improve their

ing progress and capacity development

ability, capacities and partnerships at

usage. In El Salvador the Dialogues have

at all levels. To deepen global discussions

the heart. Not only will implementation

created important links between the

on accountability for the new agenda,

be more effective, it will also be more

local economic development agencies

UN Regional Commissions are organizing

legitimate. The litmus test of success will

and national planning processes. Youth

dialogues on the shape and form of ac-

be the extent to which these important

Connekt, a platform for young people in

countability mechanisms at the regional

elements are built into the agenda.

Rwanda, was created to respond to the

level, with support from the full United

predominance of young people’s issues

Nations development system. All of these

that arose during the national post-2015

inputs are focusing attention on the

debates and the results of the Social

importance of crafting an agenda that is

Good Summit in 2013. At a broader

both ambitious and achievable, and for

level, all countries engaged in the Global

which progress can be measured.

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 7

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STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES AND BUILDING EFFECTIVE INSTITUTIONS

KEY MESSAGES A transformative development agenda requires upgraded, coordinated and integrated institutions and capacities.

"Institutions need legitimacy. Institutions should be able to conceptualize the relevant issues, foster communication between disadvantaged groups, and identify actions that can be carried out for development."

Inclusion should be the corner-

Alioune Sall, African Futures Institute

stone of all capacity-strengthening and institution-building efforts. Capacity development and institution-building efforts

and about how inclusion and equity are

It also entails a long-term continual and

should be aligned with on-

ensured to ultimately achieve sustaina-

incremental process involving many

going national development.

bility. While institutional reforms alone

actors (i.e. line ministries, national and

Measuring progress in capacity

cannot drive a transformative develop-

subnational authorities, non-governmen-

development and institutional

ment agenda without other essential

tal organizations, data collectors, the

improvement is feasible and

inputs (i.e. resources, infrastructure,

private sector, trade unions, community

important.

appropriate leadership, human capi-

activists, academics and more).

Strategies, policies and solu-

tal, political checks and balances etc.),

tions must be locally derived

states need the capacity to recognize

and issue-oriented without

the concerns of vulnerable people and

A TRANSFORMATIVE DEVELOPMENT

merely transplanting best

to respond to them through coherent

AGENDA REQUIRES UPGRADED,

practices across countries

interventions. This requires, among

COORDINATED AND INTEGRATED

— no ‘one size fits all’.

other things, ensuring greater voice in

INSTITUTIONS AND CAPACITIES

decision-making for people living in poverty and marginalized communities,

As the emerging development agenda

recognizing freedom of association and

is expected to encapsulate a set of

Institutions are clearly critical to policy

the right to negotiate collectively, as well

development goals that are more inter-

implementation. Strengthening capac-

as affording opportunities for recourse

dependent, transformative and univer-

ities and building effective institutions

when rights are violated or discrimina-

sally applicable than the MDGs, it will re-

are not mentioned explicitly in the MDGs

tion is encountered. Beyond voice, it

quire greater capacities, more responsive

but cannot be neglected in the new

necessitates paying greater attention to

institutions and stronger political will for

SDGs. Institutions are primarily about the

the role of stakeholders in shaping, moni-

successful implementation. This is par-

mechanism of effective service delivery

toring and implementing policies.

ticularly important, as institutions tend to

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Schoolchildren participating in an essay contest on their vision of well-being by 2030, Turkmenistan (Photo: UNFPA Turkmenistan)

be conservative and resistant to change. Hence, incentives for ‘self-improvement’

"The role of government needs to be re-imagined. Government needs to see itself as having a diﬀerent purpose in the 21st century, and that is one of system stewardship rather than just deliverer of public services and guarantor of security."

or transformation must be put in place to help overcome documented limits to institutional reform. In short, institutions themselves have to be designed to legitimately respond to the needs of everyone, not just the dominant or elite of society. Responsive institutions at the

Catarina Tully, School of International Futures (SOIF)

national level should be mirrored by an effort at the international level to support and reinforce them. Conversely, raising capacities to ‘localize’ recommendations

nomic, social and environmental policy

justice or enjoy their rights due to the

made by international agreements must

areas to leverage synergies.

dissonance between legislation and poli-

also be prioritized (Dialogue in Djibouti).

cies, and between actual implementation

Moreover, coordination and cooperation

and enforcement. An effective capacity-

between agencies at the national level

INCLUSION SHOULD BE THE CORNER-

building process must encourage the

are required for institutions to be more

STONE OF ALL CAPACITY-STRENGTH-

participation and ownership of those

responsive to the needs and priorities

ENING AND INSTITUTION-BUILDING

involved and provide a non-partisan and

of citizens (Malaysia). This necessitates

EFFORTS

genuinely inclusive space for stakeholder

well-designed, integrated and coherent

engagement. There is a particular need

policies and effective coordination across

There are significant numbers of people

to ensure inclusion to both safeguard

different line agencies and between eco-

and groups who are unable to access

inclusive outcomes and foster account-

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 9

- 75 -

Focus group discussion with ethnic minorities, Osh city, Kyrgyzstan (Photo: Ibragimov Hasan)

ability, ownership and trust in the policy

achieving sustainability. It will, therefore,

strategies (Dialogues in Pakistan and

process. This necessitates strengthening

be fruitful to integrate capacity-strength-

Kyrgyzstan). Ensuring that communities

mechanisms of inclusion and paying par-

ening efforts with existing initiatives on

are in a position to develop their resour-

ticular attention to the situation of peo-

public administration reform to enhance

ces and their capacities to respond to

ple living in poverty, older persons, the

effectiveness and transparency (Dia-

local problems has an important role to

private sector, youth, women, persons

logues in Kyrgyzstan and Pakistan) and

play in addressing the many challenges

with disabilities, indigenous peoples,

to promote an integrated system-wide

that they confront.

forcibly displaced and stateless persons,

approach (Moldova). It may also be

and others, including people marginal-

included as part of efforts to craft a new

ized from society and development.

national development plan (Malaysia,

MEASURING PROGRESS IN CAPACITY

Turkmenistan) or a national employment

DEVELOPMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL

strategy (Costa Rica).

IMPROVEMENT IS FEASIBLE AND

CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT AND INSTI-

IMPORTANT

TUTION-BUILDING EFFORTS SHOULD

Furthermore, subnational capacity-build-

BE ALIGNED WITH ONGOING NATION-

ing, including introducing modern man-

There is a need to upgrade and strength-

AL DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

agement and planning technologies in

en statistics and data collection capac-

PROCESSES AT BOTH THE NATIONAL

public administration and local self-gov-

ities, including the alignment of survey

AND SUBNATIONAL LEVELS

ernment, state and municipal employee

tools to collect, analyse and report data

effectiveness evaluations and a system

related to SDGs (Dialogue in Malaysia).

Forging a long-term vision for national

for assessing the quality of govern-

Complementary to this is the creation of

development entails coordinating the

ment and municipal services, has been

independent, transparent and non-parti-

initiatives and priorities of different

recognized as an important strategy for

san bodies and mechanisms for monitor-

stakeholders to manage short- and long-

stimulating community involvement

ing, providing feedback and evaluating

term trade-offs which are at the core of

and participation in local development

the capacities and delivery of services by

10 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

- 76 -

government institutions (Togo). Fur-

STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND SOLU-

behaviours. Solutions to problems

ther to this, some Dialogue participants

TIONS MUST BE LOCALLY DERIVED

must fit the local context. For instance,

discussed the potential development of

AND ISSUE-ORIENTED WITHOUT

in Moldova, participants in the national

new quantitative and qualitative perfor-

MERELY TRANSPLANTING BEST

Dialogue pointed out the need to impro-

mance indicators related to measuring

PRACTICES ACROSS COUNTRIES

ve personnel, research and analytical

progress in particular sectors such as

— NO ‘ONE SIZE FITS ALL’

capacities as main areas of work to

health care and education (Turkmeni-

strengthen the capacity of their insti-

stan, Kyrgyzstan). There are a variety of

The country and local contexts are

tutions. In Pakistan the focus was on

ways to stimulate and measure incre-

extremely important for the functioning

strengthening subnational authorities,

mental change, including by collecting

of institutions. They are often shaped

while in Malaysia it was on the coor-

disaggregated data and providing quick

by the economic and social situation,

dination function between state and

feedback on policy impact, as well as by

ethnic make-up, colonial history, poli-

subnational levels.

creating specific policy incentives.

tical realities and social norms and

Young people in post-2015 consultation, Upala, Costa Rica (Photo: UNFPA Costa Rica, G. Rodriguez)

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 11

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II. LOCALIZING THE AGENDA KEY MESSAGES Local and Regional Governments (LRGs) are critical for promoting inclusive sustainable development within their territories, and as such for the

"Local strategic planning would allow a greater integration of the three pillars of development: social, economic and environmental. Likewise, further integration between urban and rural areas needs to be promoted, in order to foster greater territorial cohesion."

implementation of the post2015 agenda. Effective local governance

Ms. Milagro Navas, Mayor of the Municipality of Antiguo CuscatlĂĄn and President of FLACMA, El Salvador, EU Policy Forum Lima, 2014

can ensure the inclusion of a diversity of local stakeholders, thereby creating broad-based

tive of a global agenda more efficiently

and used as a modality to support the

ownership, commitment and

to all actors, and also underlined the

implementation of the post-2015 agenda

accountability.

need for stronger engagement of local

at the local level.

An integrated multi-level and

stakeholders in the definition, implemen-

multi-stakeholder approach is

tation and monitoring of the post-2015

To ensure ownership, a bottom-up ap-

needed to promote transforma-

development agenda.

proach should be adopted for the post-

tive agendas at the local level.

2015 agenda, starting at the local level.

Strong national commitment

LRGs play a crucial role in linking key

Emphasis should be placed on communi-

to provide adequate legal

local stakeholders in territorial develop-

cating the SDGs and raising awareness of

frameworks and institutional

ment. They are a key part of the State and

the universality of the agenda, to ensure

and financial capacity to local

draw their mandate from their local dem-

full understanding and ownership by all

governments is required.

ocratic accountability and from working

types of governments and stakeholders.

on the front line, close to citizens and

At the same time, the emerging global

communities.

development agenda should be translated into national and local development

LRGS ARE CRITICAL FOR PROMOTING

The active role of LRGs in international

plans, and linkages and partnerships

INCLUSIVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOP-

development cooperation is crucial to

with other development actors should

MENT WITHIN THEIR TERRITORIES,

achieving development results, demo-

be fostered to harmonize local develop-

AND AS SUCH THE IMPLEMENTATION

cratizing the aid effectiveness agenda

ment activities, avoid duplications and

OF THE POST-2015 AGENDA

and promoting inclusive ownership.

promote effectiveness.

Decentralized development cooperation, The review of the MDGs demonstrated

as well as the territorial approach to

The proposed SDG to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Make cities and

the need to communicate the objec-

development, should be acknowledged

human settlements inclusive, safe,

12 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

- 78 -

resilient and sustainable’ will contribute to mobilizing local authorities and stakeholders and focus the attention of national governments and other international partners on the potential of urbanization as a key driver for sustainable development. In concert with national governments and other local stakeholders, local governments can properly plan and manage a local response to the challenges of urbanization, work to upgrade slums and enhance resilience at the local and territorial levels.

EFFECTIVE LOCAL GOVERNANCE CAN ENSURE THE INCLUSION OF A DIVERSITY OF LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS, THEREBY CREATING BROAD-BASED OWNERSHIP, COMMITMENT AND

Participants presenting at Dialogue on 'Localizing the Post-2015 Agenda', El Salvador (Photo: UNDP El Salvador)

ACCOUNTABILITY A bottom-up approach to development

ticipation of citizens and relevant local

which development policies can draw

will help to ensure ownership of the

stakeholders.

knowledge, legitimacy, participation and

post-2015 development agenda at the

enhanced effectiveness. Localization will

local level. As the level of government

Local stakeholders play a crucial role

closest to the people, LRGs are in a

in the promotion of the key values of

unique position to identify and respond

culture (heritage, diversity, creativity

Women’s political and social leadership

to development needs and gaps and be

and the transmission of knowledge)

and equal participation are essential for

responsible for a wide range of func-

as drivers and enablers of sustainable

territorial development and the imple-

tional responsibilities that go beyond

and inclusive development. Distinctive

mentation of the post-2015 agenda.

service provision. Local governments

local cultures, including of indigenous

Electing more women at the local level

can address development challenges

peoples, migrants and minorities, as well

will strongly contribute to ensuring

through planned public policies defined,

as traditional institutions and authorities,

women’s full and effective participation

executed and monitored with the par-

should be seen as a rich resource from

in decision-making in political, economic

help to ensure that diversity is embraced.

and social development. Youth participation in development should also be a strong pillar for the future development

"The success of the post-2015 localization requires the participation of the community at all levels of implementation. Continuous dialogues, meaningful consultations, and other forms of constructive engagements are eﬀective mechanisms in establishing accountability, transparency and trust between local governments and their constituents." Participant in the Dialogues on the localization of the agenda in the Philippines

agenda, taking into account their ethnic, cultural, religious, gender, political and socio-economic diversities. National governments and the international development community should recognize that local governments are well placed to convene the diversity of development stakeholders at the local level (civil society, migrants, the private

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 13

- 79 -

ing local stakeholders to own the SDGs. Publicâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;private partnerships (PPPs) can support development at the local level. However, enabling legislation and local accountability mechanisms are essential to their effective implementation. It is recommended to launch initiatives at the national level for the creation of a framework to build corporate sustainability policies to better fit local realities and processes. Territorial and urban planning, access to basic services for all, including water, sanitation, health and housing, social safety Young woman speaking at Dialogue on 'Localizing the Post-2015 Agenda' in Buea, Cameroon (Photo: UNDP Cameroon)

nets and promotion of economic opportunities for men, women and youth were highlighted as priority areas for local

sector, academia, national bodies and in-

National governments and international

governments in their quest to build more

ternational actors) and play an important

partners should acknowledge and define

inclusive societies. A responsible use of

role in developing and implementing

the role of local government and local

natural resources should also be pro-

integrated cross-sectoral strategies for

stakeholders in setting, implementing

moted to conserve the environment and

local development.

and monitoring the post-2015 develop-

local communities. A proportion of the

ment agenda to ensure further accounta-

resources generated from such activities

Governments at all levels must be held

bility and transparency. Implementation

should be reinvested locally to improve

accountable for responding to social

responsibilities should be clearly divided

the quality of life of the inhabitants of

inclusion and human security challenges

among different levels of government,

the affected localities.

in their countries and cities, especially in

taking into account the distinct com-

deprived and post-conflict areas.

parative advantage of each level, and accompanied by effective coordination

STRONG NATIONAL COMMITMENT

mechanisms that harmonize efforts

TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE LEGAL

AN INTEGRATED MULTI-LEVEL AND

across them. Implementation should

FRAMEWORKS AND INSTITUTIONAL

MULTI-STAKEHOLDER APPROACH IS

be undertaken by the lowest possible

AND FINANCIAL CAPACITY TO LOCAL

NEEDED TO PROMOTE TRANSFORMA-

sphere of government, in line with the

GOVERNMENTS IS REQUIRED

TIVE AGENDAS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

principle of subsidiarity.

Decentralization, subsidiarity and good

National plans and public investment

local level are needed for the implemen-

governance at all levels should be

should contribute to localizing the

tation of the post-2015 development

recognized as essential to implementing

post-2015 development agenda. It is

agenda, including for improved monitor-

the post-2015 development agenda. The

imperative to further connect LRGs with

ing and accountability. Greater efficiency

transfer of responsibilities should be ac-

national policies and strategies to better

in the implementation of the agenda will

companied by appropriate resources and

respond to the demands and needs of

be possible with improved intergovern-

finance, and local capacities should be

citizens.

mental and multi-level coordination as

More capacities and resources at the

strengthened, recognized and harnessed

well as greater local participation. This

to implement the global agenda at the

Constructive dialogues and partnerships

will ensure stronger and more respon-

local level. Sustained inter-institutional

between local institutions and public and

sive accountability. Strengthening local

dialogue and trust are crucial elements

private actors are crucial to promoting

governments is critical to foster coor-

for success.

democratic governance and empower-

dination at the local level (horizontal

14 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

- 80 -

coordination) and at the national and international levels (vertical coordination). Stronger legal and institutional frameworks with regard to decentralization will support good governance at all levels. A holistic approach to achieving the SDGs can be developed by defining clear means of engagement to encourage transparency and accountability (e.g. participatory budgeting and planning),

"The review of the Millennium Development Goals demonstrated the need to communicate the objective of a global agenda more eďŹ&#x192;ciently to all actors, and the need for stronger engagement of local stakeholders in the deďŹ nition, implementation and monitoring of the Post-2015 Development Agenda." Participant in the Dialogue on the localization of the agenda in Portugal

and promoting collaboration between local governing bodies, CSOs, the private sector and other relevant stakeholders.

revenue, and effective fiscal decentral-

es, deliver services and involve citizens

Sound measures should be defined

ization should increase their ability to

in planning and decision-making, with

at the local level to avoid and prevent

rely on their own resources. In parallel,

special attention to strategies to engage

fraud and corruption. Balanced national

national governments should ensure

the most excluded.

and regional development planning

predictable, regular and transparent

should be strengthened to support the

transfers commensurate to the functions

Local-level data are often not readily

economic, social and environmental

and responsibilities transferred to local

available to support local planning and

linkages between urban, peri-urban and

governments. Creative, sustainable and

monitoring of local development. Re-

rural areas, to secure balanced territorial

equitable financing mechanisms need

forms to official data collection services

development.

to be explored and applied at the local

will be necessary to assist subnational

level. Strong efforts need to be made to

governments (for instance, with data

Financing territorial and urban develop-

improve local leadership, human resourc-

identifying where needs are concentrat-

ment is a key challenge for local govern-

es, and the technical and management

ed within each local jurisdiction) in mon-

ments. Efforts must be made to ensure

capacities of local governments, as well

itoring progress. Local target setting will

that they have access to sources of

as their ability to mobilize local resourc-

require the development of appropriate indicators taking into account the local context and environment. Localization will ensure a more accurate reflection of the well-being of populations and provide a more detailed subnational picture of progress. National governments and development partners should ensure that the localization of the SDGs is accompanied by the localization of resources, enabling local governments to raise more local revenue and secure allocations of national and international budgets. Transparency and wider access to data and information for local government authorities and communities through information and communications technology, online social networks and community media

Participants discussing at Dialogue on 'Localizing the Post-2015 Agenda', Jamaica (Photo: UN Jamaica)

should also be promoted.

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 15

- 81 -

III. PARTICIPATORY MONITORING AND ACCOUNTABILITY

KEY MESSAGES

"People know, people discuss, people do, people verify." Participatory monitoring supMotto of Vietnamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Grassroots Democracy Ordinance

ports development processes and results that are owned by the proposed beneficiaries, with all involved parties being held accountable for reaching goals and targets. Local development solutions

above all: marginalized persons and

and good participatory prac-

minorities, persons with disabi-

people living in poverty should be at

tices should be scaled up and

lities, people living in poverty,

the centre and the owners of their own

featured more prominently in

forcibly displaced and stateless

development processes, with all other

the post-2015 development

persons, and other groups

relevant actors accountable to them re-

agenda. This will require trans-

that are marginalized or face

garding progress on these development

parent and inclusive account-

discrimination.

outcomes.

ability systems that ensure

Participatory accountability

full participation of all people,

practices will better ensure that

Participatory monitoring for accountabi-

including women and girls.

the agenda will be rooted in a

lity can take various forms. At its core, it

More space should be created

human rights framework.

should be about inclusive and transpar-

for CSOs, grass-roots and local

Concrete examples of partici-

ent practices used to monitor the effec-

organizations and individuals

patory monitoring do exist and

tiveness and usefulness of local, regional,

to participate meaningfully in

should be used as a resource

national or international policies. This

the planning, implementation

for future endeavours.

provides evidence which can be used

and monitoring of the post-

to improve the policies. Participatory

2015 agenda. It is particularly

approaches are about people, working

critical to strengthen womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

together in an organized way, to identify

voice and influence in country monitoring and accountability

and track the priority issues that affect PEOPLE SHOULD BE AT THE CENTRE

mechanisms, as well as the

their own communities, so that barriers to development and poverty eradication

voices of those who are often

Overall, the findings from each com-

can be addressed and solved, with sup-

excluded from these processes,

ponent of the consultation have been

port as necessary from the public sector,

including children and youth,

largely supportive of a participatory

private entities and other accountable

approach, with one message standing

institutions.

16 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

- 82 -

For better monitoring and accountability

ticipatory monitoring and accountability

example, the Zambia national Dialogue

in the post-2015 development agenda

approach could offer a more sustainable

noted that the Citizen Voice and Action

we need better data. Data should be

development model — in that local

model, a local-level advocacy meth-

disaggregated, by gender, age, ethnicity

actors gain the skills needed and are

odology that transforms the dialogue

and disability, and also be collected for

empowered to make continuing devel-

between communities and government

issues seemingly difficult to quantify at

opment efforts sustainable long after the

to improve services (such as health

present — for example, violence against

framework and interventions expire.

care and education), has been highly

women and girls. The MDGs have been

effective. With support from other part-

criticized for their lack of accountability,

The closer the participatory monitoring

ners, improvements have been seen in

as well as their focus on national averag-

occurs to the local level, the more likely it

allocations of health care staff, essential

es and global aggregates as measures of

is to impact policy and social services. For

drug provisions, clinic availability and the

progress, which has often masked slow or stagnant progress among the worstoff sections of societies and growing disparities at subnational levels. Participation is critical to achieve successful and sustainable development progress, and there is an intrinsic value to people being empowered and claiming their right to be heard. The post-2015 agenda needs to feature people-led, transparent and inclusive processes for monitoring progress towards targets and

"People cannot participate in the monitoring process because they do not have the information they need. For example, we would like women to have more access to land rights, but if you go and talk to the women in rural areas, you’ll see that almost none even know that they have rights to have their names next to their husband’s in land registration." Participant in Vietnam’s National Dialogue on participatory monitoring for accountability

indicators. This is especially critical for poor and/or marginalized people, who are traditionally left out of conversations and policymaking decisions that most directly affect them, and can result in negative, unintended consequences and unacceptable development outcomes.

LOCAL SOLUTIONS AND OWNERSHIP OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS ARE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS As one contributor noted, “a major shortcoming of the MDGs was the failure to localize … A front-end investment in communication and local analysis and planning will be key.” Another participant noted that small groups “permit the formation of meaningful relationships between participants” and that “robust community organization leads to community ownership.” Similarly, the literature review suggested that a par-

A little girl describes the world she wants, Zambia (Photo: UNV Zambia)

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 17

- 83 -

Focus group discussion on participation of the local population in decision-making processes in Piva, northern Montenegro (Photo: UN Montenegro, Milos Vujovic)

expedited completion of a delayed ma-

CSO involvement should be collabo-

from an early stage, by setting up mecha-

ternity wing, as well as additional desks,

rative â&#x20AC;&#x201D; not just consultative. Nota-

nisms for regular dialogue where organi-

teachers and staff housing at various

ble initiatives highlighted during the

zations are given real power to decide on

educational facilities in the three districts

consultations featured CSO collaboration

the processes, methods and analysis to

using the approach.

that placed local actors as co-creators in

conduct assessments.

the development process, as opposed to In Montenegro, findings from focus

being consulted as outsiders.

groups showed that citizens utilized var-

THE POST-2015 FRAMEWORK MUST

ious methods to present their views and

The literature review noted that fu-

BE ROOTED IN A HUMAN RIGHTS

opinions on topical issues to the relevant

ture consideration should be given to

FRAMEWORK

authorities. For example, students want-

expanding the role of CSOs as facilitators

ing to influence the choice of teaching

and organizers of interactions between

The consultation emphasizes that the

staff wrote to the Ministry of Education,

international aid organizations and

post-2015 development agenda should

stayed away from schools and engaged

local actors, rather than serving as the

be embedded in human rights and that

the media in their campaign.

collective voice. Though this new opera-

countries need to be held accountable

tional paradigm represents a significant

for the commitments they make. A

expansion of work for CSOs, the research

human rights approach to post-2015

THE MORE EFFECTIVE INCLUSION OF

has revealed that it is indeed beneficial

commitments also calls for more de-

CSOS WILL BE CRITICAL TO THE POST-

in allowing people living in poverty to

scriptive and representative data to be

2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA

self-determine.

collected to track and monitor progress

Another theme that emerged was related

One of the points raised in the nation-

policy at the national level in a human

to changing the role and impact of CSOs

al Dialogues was that Member States

rights framework that holds all involved

in the post-2015 development agenda.

should work closely with civil society

responsible.

within a larger macro-strategy of public

18 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

- 84 -

quality services and mobilized on activities to reduce chronic malnutrition. It did

"If data is not reliable, we cannot talk about participatory monitoring and accountability – what is there to measure and hold accountable against?"

so through an awareness campaign, as

NGO representative in Dialogue in Albania

mother throughout the process, it was

well as a monitoring system to check up on mothers for pre- and postnatal care. By establishing a relationship with the much easier to disseminate nutritional advice.

CONCRETE EXAMPLES OF PARTICI-

Governance and a scorecard for social

In the Philippines, Ecosystems Work for

PATORY MONITORING DO EXIST AND

auditing and gender budgeting. Care UK,

Essential Benefits (ECOWEB) provides

SHOULD BE USED AS A RESOURCE

working in Egypt, Ethiopia, Malawi, Peru

lessons and recommendations on how to

FOR FUTURE ENDEAVOURS

and Rwanda, also came up with commu-

make grass-roots participatory budget-

nity scorecards and alternative citizen

ing processes work and address poverty

The consultation revealed that there is

oversight mechanisms for budgeting and

by instituting the participation of civil

an appetite for participatory approaches

service provision for social accountability.

society and grass-roots organizations

and that local examples already exist that

It found that collaboration is crucial and

in planning and allocating resources for

can be scaled up and shared. Continued

that participatory monitoring should be

poverty reduction projects in partnership

partnership and support for such ap-

more strategic and tactical, rather than

with local government.

proaches should be encouraged as part

haphazard.

of the monitoring and accountability framework for the post-2015 agenda.

Coming out of the national consultaAn example of participatory monitoring

tions, Zambia noted the use of M-WASH,

in a PPP context was given by Nielsen,

a mobile/web-based monitoring, evalua-

Coming out of the call for papers, ASED,

the market research firm, which under-

tion and reporting system that covers 1.7

a women’s rights organization based

took its Focused Livelihood Interven-

million people and advances account-

in Albania, examined participatory

tion (FLI) project in India. FLI sought to

ability by making water and sanitation

monitoring for accountability on gender

improve the economic, employment and

data transparent. The technological

equality issues — empowering women

livelihood situations of people living in

component inspires competition among

in decision-making at the local level. It

poor areas. It found that participatory

districts by publishing results and maps

created the Citizen’s Evaluation for Good

monitoring and accountability meth-

that demonstrate which districts and

odologies yielded more community

provinces are making the most progress

involvement, with external agencies

towards improved access to water and

(including the United Nations) playing

sanitation.

the role of observers and facilitators only, rather than leading or driving the project

Thailand described how its iMonitor

themselves.

application for smart phones and other devices is tracking and evaluating public

UN Volunteer Taonga M'shanga facilitating a discussion among village youth, Zambia (Photo: UNV Zambia)

UNICEF Peru, in its paper ‘Community

HIV services, as well as creating an op-

Surveillance Systems for Early Child-

portunity for dialogue with authorities to

hood and Development: A participatory

address challenges. The application ena-

approach’, exemplified how community

bles people to log ‘alerts’ if antiretroviral

surveillance systems (CSS) in Peru were

treatment, condoms and medicines are

essential to the growth and development

not available in health centres, and also

of children and pregnant mothers. The

to report discrimination in the workplace.

CSS strategy increased the participation

The iMonitor also informs people of the

of communities and families where they

locations of health centres for HIV testing

were empowered to demand higher

and other health services.

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 19

- 85 -

IV. PARTNERSHIPS WITH CIVIL SOCIETY

KEY MESSAGES

"Government fears CSOs due to lack of understanding of the functions of CSOs. Shared information helps to break down this fear."

Recognize and understand the role of civil society in policy development. Create an enabling environ-

Participant in the national Dialogue in Lesotho

ment by building a policy and regulatory framework that maximizes civil societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s contri-

concretely engage in addressing devel-

The full participation of civil society in

bution towards development

opment objectives at the local and na-

designing post-2015 policies is required

objectives.

tional levels. Engagement and voluntary

to build functional national systems.

Proactively align multi-stake-

action can strengthen ownership, build

To achieve this, national consultations

holder priorities, including

individual capacity and help to address

should be conducted to take stock of

those of government, civil

challenges in a sustainable way. The ex-

effective civil society engagement, best

society, volunteers and private-

pertise of local civil society can be more

practices should be replicated, and civil

sector actors.

grounded in national circumstances than

society capacities should be increased.

Set up and maintain account-

the expertise of international research

In addition, public servants should be

ability mechanisms that monitor

institutions.

trained on the role of non-state actors

partnerships and progress in implementation efforts.

in policy development and informaCivil society can make many important

tion sharing, including through online

contributions to policy development.

outreach.

For example, civil society can support government in translating global goals RECOGNIZE AND UNDERSTAND THE

and targets into policies that reflect

CREATE AN ENABLING ENVIRON-

ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN POLICY

the actual needs and priorities of local

MENT BY BUILDING A POLICY AND

DEVELOPMENT

communities. It can also help to include

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK THAT

actors that would otherwise be left out

MAXIMIZES CIVIL SOCIETYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CONTRI-

Civil society plays important advocacy

of policy decision-making. Finally, civil

BUTION TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT

and mediation roles in policy develop-

society can often take a leading role in

OBJECTIVES

ment by identifying the most critical

raising awareness at the community level

development priorities, suggesting prac-

on new legislation, policies or important

An enabling environment for civil society

tical solutions and policy opportunities

development initiatives, by reaching out

partnership must, at a minimum, be con-

and critiquing impractical or problematic

in particular to marginalized groups and

sistent with agreed international human

policies. Civil society allows people to

geographic areas.

rights, including among others: freedom

20 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

- 86 -

Young children want their voice to be heard during a consultation in Deir Alla, Jordan Valley (Photo: UN Jordan)

of association, freedom of peaceful as-

duplication, build alliances and strength-

PROACTIVELY ALIGN MULTI-STAKE-

sembly, freedom of expression, the right

en capacity. Access to technology should

HOLDER PRIORITIES, INCLUDING

to operate free from unwarranted state

be expanded, for example to the internet

THOSE OF GOVERNMENT, CIVIL

interference, the right to communicate

as well as to independent media and

SOCIETY, VOLUNTEERS AND PRIVATE-

and cooperate, and the right to seek and

information, including by creating public

SECTOR ACTORS

secure funding. Further, States must fulfil

media platforms. In addition, invest-

their duty to protect their citizens. Gov-

ments need to be made to build the

Convergence should always be managed

ernments should build local capacity in

capacity of CSOs, including by providing

for the mutual benefit of people and

priority areas, and engage civil societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

support for their participation in govern-

the State. To align multi-stakeholder

capacity to produce credible analytical,

ment meetings, and visa requirements

priorities, efforts and resources must

qualitative and quantitative research.

should be relaxed to enable civil society

be pooled to achieve shared objectives

to attend international conferences

and common results. Multi-stakeholder

More specifically, the Dialogue recom-

(which most often take place in devel-

forums (virtual or face-to-face) can be

mends that coordination and knowl-

oped countries), to exchange expertise

organized to discuss priorities, ensure

edge-sharing mechanisms should be

and lessons learned.

coordination and monitor activities.

developed and improved, to avoid

Training and guidance are needed on

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 21

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how to build and institutionalize partnerships. Corporate social responsibility

"There is a need for institutionalization of partnerships with the private sector, government and civil society."

mechanisms should be established to foster collaborative relationships with the private sector, based on transparency

Participant in the national Dialogue in Lesotho

and shared values. As information sharing is essential to ensure the meaningful implementation of the post-2015 development agenda,

the potential of volunteerism, public

SET UP AND MAINTAIN ACCOUNTA-

all stakeholders should develop public

awareness also needs to be created

BILITY MECHANISMS THAT MONITOR

awareness processes. Programme data

about its benefits. Volunteerism can be

PARTNERSHIPS AND PROGRESS IN

and policy documents should also be

seen as a cross-cutting means of imple-

IMPLEMENTATION EFFORTS

contextualized into research and publi-

mentation, producing benefits such as

cation materials that could contribute

capacity-building, empowerment and

It is essential for all development actors

to national development. To tap into

social integration.

to agree on the design of sustainable

Participant at 'Dialogue on Civil Society', Indonesia (Photo: UN Indonesia)

22 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

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Round-table discussion at UN Youth Consultation, Cambodia (Photo: UN Cambodia)

development policy, implementation,

government strategies and action. Exist-

assessment of strategic decisions taken

monitoring and evaluation, to achieve

ing accountability mechanisms should

by both the public and private sectors.

an effective agenda. The formulation

be strengthened, while the use of media

of the post-2015 development agenda

(free press, social media) can critically

Multi-stakeholder working groups or

provides an opportunity to ensure more

contribute to more effective and respon-

forums should be formed and institution-

systematic and regulatory monitoring of

sive governance, providing tools for

alized to periodically assess efforts and implementation progress. They should include government, the private sector, civil society, academia and media, and be

"Because of my disability, I was away from other children and I was made to go to the special schools for persons with disabilities. Such a childhood aďŹ&#x20AC;ected my further life, and I never considered myself an integral part of this society. I would love to see all children with disabilities going to the same schools with other children in a new development framework. A post-2015 agenda must bring inclusive education to the table." Murad Mammadov (male, 24 years), a trainer at the Center of Development & Aid, national consultation in Azerbaijan

committed to the principle of transparency. Such mechanisms should draw on the expertise of collective bodies, such as municipal councils, to inform discussion. Internet portals and websites for monitoring initiatives, including real-time monitoring, should also be built to monitor progress. In addition, transparency mechanisms could be created through the development of public, private and civil society initiatives that provide a clear, concrete and democratic review of the challenges and setbacks of the global development agenda.

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 23

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V. ENGAGING WITH THE PRIVATE SECTOR

KEY MESSAGES

"A sustainable mechanism is needed; PPPs have been discussed over the past 10 years, but implementation strategies are still lacking."

The role of business and industry in international development is not limited to mobili-

A representative of the Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry

zing financial resources. It lies more fundamentally in the impact of their core operations on the issues covered by the proposed SDGs.

The Dialogue organized its discussions

and provide incentives to private

The social and environmental

according to the following five themes:

corporations to support them further

impacts of these core business

in executing this.”

operations need to be monitored and reported, regardless

DEVELOP GOVERNMENT POLICIES

As explicitly stressed in the regional

of the country of operation.

THAT DRIVE CORPORATE SUSTAIN-

Dialogue for Latin America and the

The most direct route to inno-

ABILITY

Caribbean, gender equality criteria

vation, technological advance

— including measures such as increasing

and productive capacity is

The leading role of governments in

the proportion of women in leadership

through healthy, engaged busi-

driving the development agenda was

positions, creating employment and

nesses, industries and finance

recognized by participants in the Dia-

decent work, and closing the pay gap

houses.

logue. Public institutions can scale up the

between men and women — should be

Effective private–public dia-

contribution of business to development

placed at the centre of these policies.

logue builds on local capacities

by shaping corporate sustainability —

and defines roles and responsi-

for example through policy frameworks

National governments need to provide

bilities for all partners. An inclu-

and incentives, and encouraging the

the legal and economic tools to enable

sive format of involving busi-

uptake of corporate and public–private

private firms to gain economic bene-

ness and industry in national

initiatives in alignment with the SDGs. As

fits while complying with social and

development planning is taking

a representative of the Caribbean manu-

environmental requirements. Incentives

place in many country settings.

facturing industry argued, “Governments

should be in place to support firms that

should assist in efforts to create a unified

engage in ethical business practices (e.g.

vision about sustainable development

designing and awarding procurement

24 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

- 90 -

Graphic of the Latin America regional consultation on 'Engaging with the Private Sector' in Cartagena, Colombia (Photo: Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID))

tenders and export credits according to

ENHANCE PARTNERSHIPS

sustainability criteria). Several consul-

Commonly, mistrust between public and private actors as well as a lack of clear

tations, including the regional ones for

The implementation of the post-2015

policy guidelines hinder the effective-

the Caribbean, Europe and Central Asia

agenda will require the buy-in of indus-

ness of such partnerships (Dialogue in

and for the Pacific, strongly supported

trialists, entrepreneurs and corporations

Indonesia).

putting sustainable productive capacities

to a more sustainable corporate land-

and value-added creation at the centre

scape. Such buy-in includes the adop-

PPPs can further economic development

of development. There was also advo-

tion of voluntary standards taking into

in some contexts, with the caveat that

cacy for transformative policies, such as

account needs and cultural contexts.

the category of SMEs must not be ne-

shifting the tax burden away from labour

glected (Dialogues in Mongolia, Trinidad

and towards natural resource use and the

Partnerships come in a wide variety of

and Tobago and regional event in Latin

removal of harmful subsidies.

shapes and sizes, and operate at levels

America and the Caribbean). Due to the

from local to global. The consultation

flexibility, innovative capacity and large

At several events, such as in Austria,

strengthened awareness of the added

proportion of employment provided by

Kenya and the USA, it was suggest-

value and the transformative potential

this category of firms, SMEs are a strate-

ed that public-sector bodies should

of PPPs and multi-sector and busi-

gic and valuable connection for reaching

promote sustainability best practices

ness-to-business partnerships. When

local people and meeting local needs.

by publishing success stories on official

partnerships build on the resources,

government websites. In other events,

capabilities and influence of a range of

The private sector has traditionally been

governments were urged to lead by ex-

stakeholders to tackle complex challeng-

the driver of scientific and technological

ample through sustainable procurement

es, they become powerful mechanisms

development, representing a dynamic

programmes and increased transparency,

to accelerate development. They can

and powerful force in innovative capaci-

thus also minimizing corruption.

also be vital to enhancing ownership.

ty. Therefore, PPPs â&#x20AC;&#x201D; as well as corporate

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 25

- 91 -

financing and incentive schemes, and technology transfer. Financing needs should be accompanied by a sector- and country/region-specific agenda, as stated in the Europe and Central Asia regional consultation by a representative of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Financial resources can be directed towards sustainable development through risk-mitigating mechanisms for investments in sustainability — for example, loan guarantees on infrastructure proParticipants at Latin America regional consultation on 'Engaging with the Private Sector' in Cartagena, Colombia (Photo: UNDP, B. Auricchio)

jects that are environmentally protective, create decent jobs and benefit poor and marginalized people but require large

practice per se — are seen as instrumen-

MOBILIZE PRIVATE SUSTAINABILITY

amounts of upfront capital and have a

tal in knowledge sharing and technology

FINANCE

very distant horizon for returns. Moreo-

transfer, which are crucial to sustaina-

ver, in countries with a large proportion

bility and economic development. Clear

With the development of the corporate

of small enterprises, such as Small Island

cost–benefit analysis in developing PPPs

sustainability movement, growing num-

Developing States, export promotion

is needed to justify each stage of the

bers of investors, companies and founda-

strategies focusing on value-chain devel-

process.

tions are embedding sustainability con-

opment are seen as essential, with clear

siderations in their investment decisions

delineation of responsibilities for each

Potential benefits of greater interaction

and seeking to deliver value for business

actor, and with clear linkages established.

between the private sector and the Unit-

and society. As a representative of the US

ed Nations system at the country, region-

Agency for International Development in

al and multilateral levels were discussed

Washington DC acknowledged, “foreign

LOCALIZE THE POST-2015 AGENDA

in the regional events for Africa and Latin

direct investment has also changed in

FOR THE ENGAGEMENT OF SMES

America and the Caribbean. A role for the

nature: instead of a one-way direction,

United Nations as a convener and arbiter

investors are now increasingly investing

SMEs play a very important role in

in enforcing ‘the rules of the game’ was

in a way to grow with the markets, and

national economies, as they account for

also suggested. Some industry partici-

become stakeholders.”

approximately 90 percent of businesses

pants also expressed a desire to craft bet-

Access to new forms of finance, such as

and more than 50 percent of jobs world-

ter relations with trade unions and labour

microfinance, responsible investment,

wide. The consultations indicate that

representatives (raised in consultations in

venture capital, carbon markets and

the engagement of SMEs in global value

Washington DC). Participants in national

other innovative forms, can be essen-

chains can be an extremely powerful way

consultations in Kenya, Mongolia, Turkey

tial for start-up firms, for maintaining

to channel sustainability criteria into the

and Spain and in regional Dialogues

investment cycles and for harnessing the

business fabric of developing countries.

across the globe have stressed building

dynamism of private-sector companies.

This was particularly stressed in the

trust, through improved transparency

Economic governance and resilience are

regional Dialogues for Latin America and

and accountability, as the most vital

critical elements towards this end that

the Caribbean, Europe and Central Asia

component for constructing successful

were cited in the consultations. Private

and the Pacific. Clear communication of

PPPs, along with the need to improve

sustainability finance should also be

post-2015 objectives from the United Na-

communication (Dialogues in Washing-

leveraged through a smart combina-

tions and other engaged multinational

ton DC, Latin America and the Caribbean,

tion of local microenterprise and SME

actors will assist SMEs in identifying their

Europe, Turkey, Addis Ababa).

creation, investment promotion, adapted

role in realizing the post-2015 agenda at

26 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

- 92 -

help in this regard. To foster an atmosphere conducive to transparency, it was

"New modes of accountability and transparency for businesses should take into account the size, needs and possibilities of the ﬁrm in question." A government representative from Colombia

also suggested that public bodies should publish details of their decision-making on their websites (Dialogue in Kenya). Participants clearly highlighted the importance of streamlining measurement and stated that reporting tools need to be affordable and understandable for

the local level. Support from large-scale

and standards, due to their lower capac-

SMEs to increase their impact and ac-

corporations in whose supply chains they

ity to take on related administration and

countability. Along this line, participants

operate will help them to overcome a

transaction costs.

in the majority of Dialogues advocated

vulnerability to low productivity and take

for improved transparency and business

advantage of their flexibility and grass-

accountability in non-financial perfor-

roots network. This support could entail

BUILD TRUST THROUGH

mance with related indicators, such as

technology transfer, the sharing of best

ENHANCED TRANSPARENCY

contribution to poverty eradication, sup-

practices and knowledge, and engage-

AND ACCOUNTABILITY

port for decent work, respect for gender

ment in partnerships that encourage the

equality and promotion of environmen-

adoption of sustainability criteria and

Representatives of private companies

tal sustainability, benchmarked against

that help navigate international trade

often stressed that public-sector and

international best practices and business

standards.

civil society bodies must be judged just

ethics. Finally, increased transparency

as rigorously as private firms concerning

is also viewed as the preferred tool for

Attention was drawn in most dialogues

sustainability. Greater transparency and

battling corruption in both the private

to the specific challenges of SMEs, such

better circulation of successful examples

and public sectors, as suggested in the

as their need for capacity-building. In the

of public–private cooperation through

regional Dialogues for Africa and Latin

words of a participant from the business

public communication channels could

America and the Caribbean.

community in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, “SMEs need capacity-building — not just sporadic training, but skill-based training.” The capacities of the SME sector are relatively weak in most of the developing countries where Dialogues took place. Strategic training programmes that focus on, and are oriented to, skills acquisition (ranging from technical and management capacities to access to markets), market intelligence, and the use of appropriate technologies are therefore fundamental. The strengthening of local, regional and global networks also has the potential to unleash new sources of growth, competitiveness, innovation and job creation. A strong message emerged (e.g. from the national Dialogues in Spain and the regional Dialogue for the Pacific) that SMEs should not be overburdened with complex sustainability frameworks

Round-table discussion at regional consultation for Europe and Central Asia on 'Engaging with the Private Sector' in Bratislava, Slovakia (Photo: Patrick Domingo)

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 27

- 93 -

VI. CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT KEY MESSAGES Culture can make an important contribution to poverty reduction, as a resilient economic sector that provides livelihood opportunities. Education strategies should aim

"Understanding and considering a societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cultural aspects is critical to adapting development approaches to local contexts and ensuringsuccessful outcomes." H.E. Mr. Mohamed Khaled Khiari, Vice-President of the UN General Assembly, at the Special Thematic Debate of the UN General Assembly on Culture and Sustainable Development in the Post-2015 Development Agenda

to develop cultural literacy and equip young people with the skills to live in a multicultural and diverse society, in both economic and social terms. Participation in the culture sector and the engagement of cultural values provide

Culture is an essential component of

sustainable economic growth, sustain-

important opportunities for the

sustainable development and a crit-

able cities and sustainable consumption

advancement of gender equali-

ical element of human rights-based

and production patterns.

ty and womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s empowerment.

approaches. It represents a source of

Culture-led redevelopment of

identity, innovation and creativity for

urban areas and public spaces

the individual and community and is an

CULTURE CAN MAKE AN IMPORTANT

helps preserve the social fabric,

important factor in building social inclu-

CONTRIBUTION TO POVERTY REDUC-

attract investment and improve

sion and eradicating poverty, providing

TION, AS A RESILIENT ECONOMIC

economic returns.

for economic growth and ownership of

SECTOR THAT PROVIDES LIVELIHOOD

Development programmes

development processes.

OPPORTUNITIES

between cultural diversity and

To date, the consultations have shown

The cultural and creative industries,

biodiversity, including traditio-

a strong consensus on the importance

sustainable cultural tourism and the

nal knowledge, secure greater

of linking culture to the priorities of the

safeguarding of cultural heritage are

environmental sustainability.

post-2015 development agenda. The

powerful drivers for poverty reduction,

Culture has the potential to

Open Working Group on Sustainable

sustainable economic growth and

build bridges and shape more

Development Goals referred to the role

employment, as confirmed by examples

effective reconciliation process-

of culture in the overarching introduc-

from Argentina, Colombia, Cuba, India,

es with full ownership of the

tion of its outcome document and within

Indonesia, Laos, Mexico, Pakistan, Samoa,

communities.

the targets of five proposed SDGs related

South Sudan and Uruguay.

which take into account the link

to food security, education, inclusive and

28 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

- 94 -

Highlights come from the consultations

THE SKILLS TO LIVE IN A MULTI-

separate, mono-ethnic schools with

in Mali and Serbia. In Mali the culture

CULTURAL AND DIVERSE SOCIETY, IN

multiple curricula.

sector is essential to economic growth

BOTH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL TERMS

and to addressing the social aspects of poverty. It is crucial to direct invest-

Integrating cultural elements in educa-

PARTICIPATION IN THE CULTURE

ments to target this potential. Serbia has

tion programmes fosters linkages with

SECTOR AND THE ENGAGEMENT

examined culture as a strategic tool for

one’s roots and provides for locally rele-

OF CULTURAL VALUES PROVIDE

revenue generation. Eco-tourism and

vant content, resulting in more relevant

IMPORTANT OPPORTUNITIES

cultural infrastructure are some of the

skills and better learning, as presented

FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF

main ways to reduce poverty through

in case studies from Albania, Argentina,

GENDER EQUALITY AND

culture, while also contributing to better

India, Jordan, Namibia, Palau, Tanzania,

WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT

environmental awareness.

the USA and Uruguay. Examples from Armenia, India, IndoneFor example, in Bosnia and Herzegovina,

sia, Laos, Mexico, Pakistan, Samoa and

EDUCATION STRATEGIES SHOULD

intercultural and inclusive education is a

Solomon Islands indicate that participa-

AIM TO DEVELOP CULTURAL LITERA-

main priority for the education system,

tion in activities of the culture sector has

CY AND EQUIP YOUNG PEOPLE WITH

which is currently articulated around

allowed the most vulnerable segments

Dinka cattle camp, South Sudan Picture from the call for papers on 'Dialogue on Culture and Development' (Photo: Robin Denselow)

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 29

- 95 -

of the population, including women and girls, to prioritize schooling, ward off the

"There is no reason to exclude local community and indigenous cultures from conservation initiatives in the Paciﬁc. Involving them enhances conservation programmes, improves community capacity and reduces adverse environmental activities."

pressures of early marriage, delay pregnancy and strengthen autonomy and independent income generation. In addition, culturally sensitive approaches are effective and necessary methods to foster greater social inclusion and enhanced provision of health services, including

Trisha Kehaulani Watson-Sproat and Jamaica Osorio on cultural traditions to restore degraded Pacific coastal fisheries

access to sexual and reproductive health. Cultural initiatives which engage equal participation from men and boys for the objective of women’s empowerment are

education and the protection of the

sensitive approaches in urban environ-

particularly effective.

environment.

ments promote social cohesion and cultural pride and ownership through

For example, Ecuador’s vision of culture

participation in local community and

embraces social dynamics and the

CULTURE-LED REDEVELOPMENT

transmission of knowledge and cul-

OF URBAN AREAS AND PUBLIC

tural backgrounds. The consultations

SPACES HELPS PRESERVE THE

For example, culture in Morocco is

highlight the linkages between culture

SOCIAL FABRIC, ATTRACT

linked to the main issues resulting from

and poverty reduction, education and

INVESTMENT AND IMPROVE

rapid economic expansion: growing

gender. They are considering modalities

ECONOMIC RETURNS

inequalities and relative poverty, access

to guarantee women’s access to cultural

urban spaces.

to decent work, environmental degra-

goods and services, emphasizing their

Argentina, Brazil, Libya, Pakistan, Qatar,

dation and rapid urbanization. Cities are

economic contribution in the creative

Spain and the USA presented examples

increasingly faced with the challenges of

and cultural industry, and the multipliers

on culture and historic urban environ-

diversity and inequality, and can benefit

from increased women’s participation in

ments being key for achieving sus-

greatly from culture to improve inclusion

the transmission of practices that foster

tainable and inclusive cities. Culturally

and promote greater social cohesion. The protection of historic districts and use of cultural facilities as civic spaces for dialogue can help reduce violence and promote cohesion.

DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES WHICH TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE LINK BETWEEN CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND BIODIVERSITY, INCLUDING TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, SECURE GREATER ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY As is presented by Albania, Colombia, Nepal, Pakistan and the USA, embracing cultural traditions of local communities in programming promotes optimal Stages of Change performance, Solomon Islands Picture from the call for papers on 'Dialogue on Culture and Development' (Photo: Faanati Mamea)

30 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

- 96 -

outcomes for environmental protection. Such initiatives boast enhanced commu-

Women's assembly and training in Swat, Pakistan, in 2010 Picture from the call for papers on 'Dialogue on Culture and Development' (Photo: Heritage Foundation Pakistan)

nity ownership and capacity; improved monitoring and enforcement; and a reduction in adverse environmental activities, in political opposition and in social conflict, with exponential returns on investments.

"The Song and Dance Project within the Maasai community calls for the integration of cultural expressions as a tool to stimulate dialogue, participatory governance." Pastoral Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Council, Tanzania

As an example, Bosnia and Herzegovina recognizes culture as a driver for development and prosperity. The environment is a source of livelihood for the poorest people in the country, and affects their vulnerability. The recent floods have

CULTURE HAS THE POTENTIAL

mar, South Sudan and Sri Lanka. More

shown that the loss of traditional knowl-

TO BUILD BRIDGES AND SHAPE

specifically, Mali is organizing thematic

edge and skills can result in very low re-

MORE EFFECTIVE RECONCILIATION

workshops focusing on reconciliation,

silience. The consultations in Bosnia and

PROCESSES WITH FULL OWNERSHIP

poverty reduction and the environment.

Herzegovina to date recognize culture

OF THE COMMUNITIES

During the recent conflict, heritage and

as a catalyst for comprehensive societal

cultural expressions were deliberately

change (including through education,

Cultural rights, heritage, cultural identity

attacked, and cultural rehabilitation

media and youth participation) and can

and cultural life are foundational realities

and dialogue are considered crucial for

generate positive and sustainable trans-

which provide the legitimacy for collec-

stabilization and future development,

formations for economic development,

tive and participatory local governance,

including for their ability to foster toler-

environmental protection and prepared-

as showcased in examples from Brazil,

ance and overcome trauma.

ness for climate change.

Denmark, France, Libya, Mexico, Myan-

DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS 31

- 97 -

DIALOGUE PROCESS The Dialogues on Post-2015 Implemen-

participating countries and organized

Some additional countries and nation-

tation were initiated in response to the

global dialogues, regional consultation

al stakeholder groups signed up on a

strong demand that people expressed

events, literature reviews, e-discussions

voluntary basis. The countries that have

during the UN Global Conversation in

and other forms of outreach through

been involved in this initiative so far are:

2012/2013 about being involved not just

their networks. In addition, each par-

in the design of the post-2015 agenda

ticipating country organized its own

Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Aruba, Azer-

but also in its implementation. The six

consultation, consisting of in-person

baijan, Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzego-

themes (localizing the agenda, capacities

meetings, technical papers, surveys and

vina, Botswana, Brazil, Burundi, Cam-

and institutions, participatory monitor-

other activities.

bodia, Cameroon, Canada, Colombia,

ing and accountability, engagement with

Costa Rica, Djibouti, El Salvador, Ecuador,

civil society and the private sector, and

The Dialogues started in April 2014 and

Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Indonesia,

culture and development) were chosen

will continue until April 2015. As such,

Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kosovo,

because they were raised on numerous

not all activities have been concluded,

Kyrgyzstan, Lesotho, Malaysia, Malawi,

occasions during these consultations,

and each theme will have its own final

Mali, Mexico, Mongolia, Montenegro,

and to balance the existing ongoing

report. The results of each of these

Moldova, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, Philip-

intergovernmental discussions on financ-

activities, as well as national concept

pines, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Saudi

ing, trade and technology.

notes and reports, are all available on the

Arabia, Serbia, Spain, St. Lucia, Tajikistan,

WorldWeWant website.5

Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and

Conceptual leadership for the different

Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,

themes came from various agencies of

For the most part, countries were se-

Uganda, United States of America, Vanu-

the UN Development Group. The co-lead-

lected and invited to participate by the

atu, Vietnam, Yemen and Zambia.

ing agencies for each theme developed

Regional Chairs of the UN Development

the concept notes and guidance for the

Group and the UN Resident Coordinators.

5) worldwewant2015.org/sitemap

32 DELIVERING THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA | OPPORTUNITIES AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS

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AC K N OW L E DG E M E N TS

This report was produced by the UNDG Millennium Development Goals Task Force, co-chaired by Magdy Martinez-Soliman (UNDP) and John Hendra (UN Women). It would not have been possible without the contributions and commitment of agency colleagues across the UN system, including the UN country teams whose Dialogues contributed to the report. The following colleagues in particular have played a major role in leading the different Dialogues and preparing parts of the report: Nicholas Alipui, Susan Alzner, Edgardo Bilsky, Tricia Callender, Giovanni Camilleri, Juan Chebly, Jennifer Colville, Ludivine Cornille, Simona Costanzo, Dorine Dubois, Ame Esangbedo, Noemi Espinoza, Melissa Garcia, Darren Gleeson, Lurdes Gomez, Kallayaphorn (Jasmine) Jaruphand, Hamish Jenkins, Matthew Hodes, Azza Karam, Anna King, Kazuki Kitaoka, Olav Kjorven, Zohra Khan, Begona Lasagabaster, Jordi Llopart, Diana A. Lopez Caramazana, Pelle Lutken, Roshni Menon, Kodjo Mensah-Abrampa, Lia Nicholson, Sering Falu Njie, Shannon O'Shea, Diego Palacios, Aurelio Parisotto, Lynne Patchett, Beth Peoch, Irene Christina Pirca Garcia, Eugenia Piza-López, Adam Read-Brown, Elke Selter, Giuseppe de Simone, Lucy Slack, Timothy Wall, Marie Wibe, and Corinne Woods. The lead authors of the report were Paul Ladd and Hannie Meesters, with support from Gina Lucarelli and Nicole Igloi. Antje Watermann led the production of the report, with support from Céline Varin, Tijana Knezevic and Veronique Lozano. The report was edited by Jon Stacey (The Write Effect) and designed by Lene Søjberg (Phoenix Design Aid A/S). Very special thanks go to Muni Ahlawat, Diego Antoni, Jose Dallo, Nicole Igloi, Eunice Kamwendo, Youn Ho Kang, Serge Kapto, Hansol Lim, Veronique Lozano, Gina Lucarelli, Leire Pajin, and Céline Varin for their support and contributions.

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worldwewant2015.org

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시민사회입장문서

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CSO OK KE KEY EY AS ASKS SKS for a Transformative Transffor o ma ati tive ve Development Devel elop opm ment ntt Agenda A Age gend gend ge nda www.csopartnership.org

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The CSO Key Asks are a set of demands developed by areas of work and help CSOs engage in transforming the global aid system. The document was closely reviewed by CSO constituencies across sectors and regions and ! " 2014.

CSO KEY ASKS #

! $

Published by

The Global Secretariat 3/F IBON Center 114 Timog Avenue, Quezon City 1103 Philippines www.csopartnership.org Website info@csopartnership.org Email

2 - 104 -

CSO KEY ASKS for a Transformative Development Agenda

The following Key Asks are a rallying point and guidepost for CSOs engaging in the process of transforming the development cooperation " % both the symptoms and structural causes of poverty, inequality, and social marginalisation. To do so, CSOs need to be supported as independent development actors through political commitments and respective actions by their governments to inclusive development, a CSO enabling environment and %

" & "

3 - 105 -

4 - 106 -

CSO KEY ASKS for a Transformative Development Agenda

Common Principles, Changing World ( ) % %

" ' #

principles in these Key Asks are based on a thorough stock-taking on progress and needs, resulting in calls to:

# * " + 6 * " $ 7"

89;; < "

% especially in terms of the recognition of civil society as an independent development stakeholder, and of the international commitment to a broad and inclusive partnership for development. CSOs shifted the discourse % " such as democratic ownership, inclusive partnerships, transparency and accountability, and a commitment to people-centred development. For the CPDE, these agreements represent the basic minimum going forward

= > % ' Since Busan, there has been a gradual, systematic narrowing of space for civil society despite agreements to the contrary. At the same time, governments are placing increasing emphasis on and faith in, the role of the private sector in development with little attention to its accountability and responsibility towards sustainable development and human rights, and to the potential detriment of the role, responsibilities and space for governments to realize national development plans and realize the rights of all their citizens and peoples

5 - 107 -

increasing importance in global development cooperation, including south-south

' G

% "

! % United Nations (UN) Member States, will guide global development cooperation L & ' &

" < comprehensive human rights-based approach. This new framework will only be as good as its national implementation, the means of holding governments and all development actors to account on their commitments, the range and &

% the governance structures that steer the implementation of this agenda. CSOs continue to press for human rights standards, poverty eradication, gender equality, social justice, decent work and environmental sustainability to be at the heart of any development agenda. The CSO Key Asks challenge all development actors to deliver on a truly transformative development agenda.

6 - 108 -

CSO KEY ASKS for a Transformative Development Agenda

!"#$ % & ' % ( ' ) ' & * ** * + The principles enshrined in the Busan declaration need to be the minimum basis for all development

% & V â&#x20AC;˘

Counteracting the shrinking space for CSOs at country level by enabling the meaningful participation of social actors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; such as trade unions, service providing organizations, rights defenders, womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rights groups, indigenous people, farmers;

â&#x20AC;˘

Ensuring that CSOs are regarded on equal footing with other development actors, especially in the formulation and implementation ! Y

â&#x20AC;˘

Establishing policy coherence for development and human rights " & well as across and with other related policy areas;

â&#x20AC;˘

Ensuring private sector transparency, accountability and regulation standards, especially for multinational corporations and in Private Public Partnerships;

â&#x20AC;˘

Ensuring strict adherence of South-South aid providers to development Y

â&#x20AC;˘

Addressing inequalities including through the provision of social welfare and decent work;

â&#x20AC;˘

G &

% " &

" " $'

-. ' * & ** * , including $ % $ $ $ %

' Z all actors to show political will and take decisive action by: â&#x20AC;˘

Ending policy conditionality;

â&#x20AC;˘

Fully untying all forms of aid and implementing demand-driven technical assistance;

â&#x20AC;˘

[ " & Y

7 - 109 -

â&#x20AC;˘

$ " > Y

â&#x20AC;˘

Adhering to the highest standards of transparency and accountability, and

" ]$#] standard to enable the publication of timely, comprehensive and forwardlooking information, as well as improve open data access and use of gender " ! Standards;

â&#x20AC;˘

Operationalising inclusive mechanisms, including access to justice at country, regional and global levels and establishing multi-stakeholder processes and social dialogue;

â&#x20AC;˘

$ > " Y

â&#x20AC;˘

Realising the commitments on democratic ownership, gender equality and

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) G L '

/ - & - & ' -- ' ) 0 * ) * ' 1 ' ) ')) * ' ) * ' %23 â&#x20AC;˘

" national policy and institutional frameworks, which should include more comprehensive frameworks for accountability, environmental sustainability, and human rights, including womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rights, alongside an enabling environment for CSOs and multi-stakeholder dialogue;

â&#x20AC;˘

Addressing critical development gaps, including rising income inequality and precarious working conditions in Middle Income Countries (MICs) that are both donors and receivers of aid, through closer development cooperation among southern countries and the implementation of development " +"

_ (7 $ +_7$ ensure sustainable living standards;

â&#x20AC;˘

* `"

developmentâ&#x20AC;?;

â&#x20AC;˘

$) " &

" & ) $

inter-governmental level, and the central role of states as duty bearers in providing public goods and services at country level;

â&#x20AC;˘

Meeting existing ODA commitments and address the issue of sovereign debt restructuring;

â&#x20AC;˘

> %

) 7 _ 7" _ &

â&#x20AC;˘

G " ! *" %

" > $

G " % "

% "

8 - 110 -

CSO KEY ASKS for a Transformative Development Agenda

') ' & &*' %' ) ' ' 45 ' ' ) * ' ' ' + Development actors must defend and expand fundamental rights and freedoms, including freedom of expression, association, and assembly, as well as the right to information, and the broader array of individual rights and freedoms for all people. This can be achieved by: â&#x20AC;˘

Elevating HRBA as the core operating principle of the new Sustainable ! ! % !

arenas;

â&#x20AC;˘

Harmonising aid and development policies and practices with human rights instruments and norms, including labour standards, and the " & `"

~ Y

â&#x20AC;˘

Empowering rights-holders (people) to hold duty-bearers (governments) and other donors accountable in all development cooperation programs, projects and policies, as well as in governance structures at all levels;

â&#x20AC;˘

Implementing independent human rights complaints mechanisms, and

development initiatives.

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6 & ) * 6 ' ( 2 ** * ' ) * 5& ' + It is both a political process of democratising development and eradicating poverty through the realisation of peoplesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; fundamental rights in law and policy, as well as a goal to make development processes and institutions

% " & principles, including democratic ownership, transparency and accountability. It aims to ensure that development cooperation programs and policies are & " " +_7$' $ < can help realize inclusive development as a guiding principle in global, regional and national processes by:

1 The Task Team on CSO and Enabling Environment is a multi-stakeholder partnership established to monitor and strengthen commitments in relation to civil society and aid ' ] of self-selected donors, partner governments and CSOs represented by CPDE.

â&#x20AC;˘

Identifying and addressing factors that impede inclusiveness in % " >

communities, and groups during humanitarian crises, and in middle-income countries;

â&#x20AC;˘

Practicing and promoting inclusive multi-stakeholder policy dialogue through country level platforms, social dialogue, and with institutionalized dialogue processes, as through the Task Team on CSO Development

1 at global level;

â&#x20AC;˘

Embedding human rights, gender equality, decent work, the right to livelihoods and productive resources, environmental justice and sustainability in development policies, programmes and outcomes;

â&#x20AC;˘

Including civil society and communities in development processes as

% % &

" " ( ( society approach.

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CSO KEY ASKS for a Transformative Development Agenda

5& ' ** * -. '% * 7& ' '* 0 ( ' & ' 8' -. 9 ' : ' ) '** ' 1 ) 1 ' ) ' ' & ' ' -. ' ' ' + In more than a few countries, that space is shrinking at an alarming rate. Political will and action is required to reverse this trend by: â&#x20AC;˘

Ensuring that all CSO actors participate on equal footing in multistakeholder processes and institutionalize dialogue between public entities and CSOs at all stages and levels of development processes;

â&#x20AC;˘

Creating appropriate legal and policy frameworks to protect and promote fundamental human and labour rights, as well as for women human rights and gender equality defenders;

â&#x20AC;˘

Monitoring existing commitments on minimum standards for enabling conditions for CSOs, and increase the number of countries involved in ! G * <Y

â&#x20AC;˘

Allocating resources, as well as technical and other development assistance with a view toward strengthening CSO capacity and

" % > L %

international funding;

â&#x20AC;˘

In doing so, provide the right to seek, receive and use funding, while guaranteeing CSOsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; right to initiative in development programs as well as mechanisms for legal and judicial recourse.

11 - 113 -

-. ' ' - - ) ) * ' ') ' ) * ; ' ) &*' 1 * ' ) ' ) 0 ( ' ) ') ' ' 2 ' ) ' & '% 2 * + The PS must enable, not undermine, these fundamental principles. Regulatory mechanisms and binding regulations founded on global human rights, labour and environmental standards therefore need to be strengthened and applied to PS actions. The PS must: â&#x20AC;˘

Adopt guidelines and binding regulations, underpinned by all relevant United Nations, International Labour Organisation (ILO), and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) normative frameworks to ensure aid additionality and adherence to human rights and international labour, social, and environmental standards;

â&#x20AC;˘

Avoid societal and environmental risk-sharing through Occupational Health and Safety, environmental and decent work standards at all levels, with a & " " Y

â&#x20AC;˘

$) "

country level;

â&#x20AC;˘

Ensure the highest standards of transparency and accountability for the PS, especially for multinational corporations and in Private Public Partnerships, through appropriate monitoring and regulatory mechanisms at local, country and global levels;

â&#x20AC;˘

Involve communities and civil society at large in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of PS-driven development projects, and ensure means of redress that are accessible to all citizens;

â&#x20AC;˘

Support Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SMEs) and local entrepreneurs especially in developing countries;

â&#x20AC;˘

Introduce mandatory and publicly accessible country-by-country tax !89Â&#x201A; 7 $

" L countries;

â&#x20AC;˘

Strengthen labour protection, and expand the right to collective bargaining, trade union formation and collective action at country level to eliminate precarious work conditions and establish decent wages.

12 - 114 -

CSO KEY ASKS for a Transformative Development Agenda

* * ' 0 - & ) % ) 45 ' ) & ) * ')) '& 2 ' ) 7&' 21 < ' ) ) * ' 1 *' ' ' ) * ' ) ')' + To this end, it is important to: â&#x20AC;˘

Agree on concrete targets and commit to clear means of ! Y

â&#x20AC;˘

Ensure an equitable and inclusive multilateral forum for policy dialogue and standard setting that takes account of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Institutionalizationâ&#x20AC;? of ! Y

â&#x20AC;˘

Promote democratic processes in development cooperation across

L "

% especially between the UN Development Cooperation Forum and the ! % "

â&#x20AC;˘

$ "

" & cooperation processes at national, regional and global levels and in relation to other policy areas;

â&#x20AC;˘

Uphold the right to development (RTD) and the principle of international solidarity as a basis for all development cooperation processes;

â&#x20AC;˘

Strengthen development cooperation and global solidarity especially for

> %

% "

are often not respected and CSO actions are severely constrained;

â&#x20AC;˘

Commit to and implement comprehensive accountability and monitoring mechanisms for all development stakeholders.

13 - 115 -

Annex 1:

/ ' -. ' * ; = The CSO Partnership for Development

platform uniting CSOs from across the globe around a collective vision for a global development agenda that seeks the full realisation of human rights for all, rooted in social justice, decent work, gender equality, environmental sustainability, and an enabling environment for CSOs as independent development actors in their own right. Recognising the changing development cooperation architecture and evolving dialogue around aid and development % * "

BetterAid merged to create a single platform to represent CSO voices. As a result, the CSO Partnership for was formally launched, a new open platform that unites civil society organisations (CSO) from around the world on the issue of development '

14 - 116 -

# 7"

Development Co-operation marked

x Â&#x192; x Â&#x192;

> " "

development, such as human rights, participatory democracy, social and environmental justice and sustainability, gender equality, decent work, sustainable change, and peace and security. The changing nature of development also reinforced the need for non-aidbased development relationships. The CSO Partnership sits in the Steering ! !

" " engage governments and donors, as well as other policy arenas relevant to

CSO KEY ASKS for a Transformative Development Agenda

Annex 2:

6 ' %& -. * ; 1 Civil society organizations are a vibrant and essential feature in the democratic life of countries across the globe. CSOs collaborate with the full diversity of people and promote their rights. The essential characteristics of CSOs as distinct development actors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; that they are voluntary, diverse, nonpartisan, autonomous, non-violent, working and collaborating for change â&#x20AC;&#x201C; are the foundation for the Istanbul principles for CSO development ' # " < and practices of civil society organizations in both "

> " % work from grassroots to policy advocacy, and in a continuum from humanitarian emergencies to longterm development.

Practice transparency and accountability they... demonstrate a sustained organizational commitment to transparency, multiple accountability, and integrity in their internal operations.

Respect and promote human rights and social justice they... develop and implement strategies, activities and practices that promote individual and collective human rights, including the right to development, with dignity, decent work, social justice and equity for all people.

Create and share knowledge and commit to mutual learning enhance the ways they learn from their experience, from other CSOs and development actors, integrating evidence from development practice and results, including the knowledge and wisdom of local and indigenous communities, strengthening innovation and their vision for the future they would like to see.

Embody gender equality and equity while promoting women and girlâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rights promote and practice development `" % > womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s concerns and experience, while supporting ~ "

collective rights, participating as fully empowered actors in the development process. Focus on peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s empowerment, democratic ownership and participation they ... support the empowerment and inclusive participation of people to expand their democratic ownership over policies and development initiatives %

and marginalized. Promote Environmental Sustainability develop and implement priorities and approaches that promote environmental sustainability for present and future generations, including urgent responses to climate crises, with & ( % " "

indigenous conditions for ecological integrity and justice.

Pursue equitable partnerships and solidarity commit to transparent relationships with CSOs and other development actors, freely and as equals, based on shared development goals and values, mutual respect, trust, organizational autonomy, long-term accompaniment, solidarity and global citizenship.

1 The Istanbul Principles, as agreed at the Open Forumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ! $ ]

" % September 28 -30, 2010, are the foundation of the Open Forumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Draft International Framework on CSO ' These principles are further elaborated in Version 2 of this Framework, which is being updated and will be found on the Open Forumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s web site, ' ( ' '

Commit to realizing positive sustainable change collaborate to realize sustainable outcomes and impacts of their development actions, focusing on results and conditions for lasting change for people, with special emphasis on poor and marginalized populations, ensuring an enduring legacy for present and future generations. !" ]

" % committed to take pro-active actions to improve and be fully accountable for their development practices. Equally important will be enabling policies and practices by all actors. Through actions consistent with these principles, donor and partner country governments demonstrate their Accra Agenda for Action pledge that they â&#x20AC;&#x153;share an interest in ensuring that CSO contributions to development reach their full potentialâ&#x20AC;?. All governments have an obligation to uphold basic human rights â&#x20AC;&#x201C; among others, the right to association, the right to assembly, and the freedom of expression. Together these are pre ' Istanbul, Turkey September 29, 2010

15 - 117 -

16 16 - 118 -

KEY COMMENTS Beyond2015 Reaction to the Outcome Document of the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals August 2014

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Beyond 2015 key comments to the Outcome Document of the Open Working Group on the Sustainable Development Goals (OWG) Beyond 2015, a global civil society campaign consisting of over 1000 CSOs in over 130 countries, has actively engaged over the lifetime of the Open Working Group, participating in meetings, contributing concrete proposals and engaging with Member States and other stakeholders. Beyond 2015 recognizes the openness and participatory approach of the OWG, which allowed space for non-governmental actors to exchange ideas and present proposals. Beyond 2015 looks forward to continued openness and transparency in the forthcoming negotiations on the Post-2015 agenda. Over the next year of negotiations, the framework must move forward in key respects. It should aim higher by building on key values of participation, human rights and environmental sustainability, and by extending the content of goals on climate change, equality and peaceful and inclusive societies; it must move forward by addressing the means of implementation for the goals, strengthening the interlinkages between goals, and agreeing an extensive and robust accountability mechanism.

Aiming higher: The OWG outcome document is a good starting point for the intergovernmental negotiations on the Post2015 development agenda. Nevertheless, the OWG's proposals must represent the floor, not the ceiling of the ambitions for a truly transformative and people-centered framework. The levels of commitment and engagement from Member States in the negotiation process so far show the political will needed to agree on a universal and transformative agenda. To realise this transformation, the goals must do more to express key values of participation, human rights, and environmental sustainability, and the content of crucial goals on climate change, inequality, and inclusive societies must be strengthened.

On Participation Since its inception, Beyond 2015 has pushed strongly for the participation of those most affected by poverty and inequality in the design, implementation and monitoring of the post-2015 agenda. The documentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s chapeau is clear on the central importance of people and this is very positive. However, the OWG outcome document does not reflect this by guaranteeing participation of, and accountability to, those most affected by poverty and injustice across the framework; nor does it prioritise those populations clearly enough by addressing structural root causes. Disaggregation (Target 10.2) enables a focus on those most affected by poverty, inequality and injustice, and highlights divisions between social groups as targets for action. Disaggregation should be further expanded according to national context, including using community-based approaches, in consultation with civil society and the most vulnerable groups. On Human Rights We welcome paragraph 7 in the Chapeau that clearly reaffirms international human rights commitments. However, this alone does not make the SDGs human rights-based. The proposed SDGS do not properly frame goals and targets around existing human rights obligations; do not promote the integration of a human rights based approach; and fail to guarantee human rights accountability, including for the private sector. These shortfalls have the potential to undermine the effectiveness - and indeed the basic purpose - of the Post-2015 agenda. Conversely, clear references to human rights would strengthen the SDGs by clarifying the responsibility and answerability of the Goals.

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We also strongly regret that targets to hold companies accountable for their impact on human rights are no longer present. We welcome the goal on gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls and acknowledge that the targets under this goal address some of the most fundamental barriers to equality. Beyond 2015 is concerned, however, that the proposed gender goal does not explicitly refer to and support the full realization of women and girls’ human rights. For example, the omission of sexual rights undermines women's ability to participate equally in all spheres of society, and weakens the human rights of people of all sexual orientations and gender identities to have control over and decide freely on matters related to their sexuality and reproduction free from coercion, discrimination, or violence. Furthermore, the proposed targets and their accompanying means do not go far enough in addressing the structural changes needed to realize substantive equality, e.g. in areas of employment, the reduction and redistribution of unpaid carework and women’s control over assets. Nor do they recognise the differential impacts of environmental threats on the lives of women and girls, or their distinctive role in contributing to sustainability, and to peacebuilding activities.

On Equality Goal 10 - “Reduce Inequality within and among countries” - is one of the most transformative goals proposed by the OWG. By including this goal, the new development framework commits to address both economic inequalities and forms of discrimination that affect poor, marginalised and vulnerable social groups. Only a goal with both of these components will truly “leave no one behind”. Goal 10 makes important commitments on fighting discriminatory laws and practices (Target 10.3) and fiscal, wage and social protection policy (Target 10.4). We welcome the focus on addressing inequalities between countries, especially Target 10.6 on enhancing the voice and representation of developing countries in decision-making. A goal to reduce inequality must, however, commit to measure and address economic inequality between the richest and poorest and to reduce the absurd and accelerating differences between the top and bottom 10-20% of populations. The framework should explicitly specify that no target should be considered met unless it has been met for all, including the poorest and most marginalised groups. The commitments in the outcome document to social protection systems and floors,and universal health coverage truly accessible to the poorest must be maintained in the upcoming negotiations. On Environmental Sustainability Global resource constraints and planetary boundaries in the proposed SDGs must be clearly acknowledged. The Post-2015 framework cannot afford an approach that promotes growth at all costs without considering human rights and environmental implications. We welcome the inclusion of references to “Mother Earth” in the Chapeau (Paragraph 9), the need to promote harmony with nature, and the importance of regulatory and accountability frameworks that enable the protection of the environment. Nevertheless, the goal to promote economic growth (Goal 8) does not take into account the environmental dimension of sustainability at target level, except in one target to “endeavour" to "decouple economic growth from environmental degradation” (Target 8.4). The framework must demonstrate coherence and integration across the environmental, economic and social dimensions of different goals and targets. Greater emphasis is required on equitable access and sharing as well as inclusive and participatory management of natural resources and ecosystem services, especially for people living in poverty, indigenous peoples and vulnerable communities. Natural resources and ecosystem services underpin all human and economic activities hence, this focus needs to cut across the entire framework. Goals 7, 8, 9 and 16 lack this focus, as do 12 and 13. Goals 1, 2, 5, 14 and 15 whilst better, can still do more to reflect the environmental pillar of sustainable development.

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On Climate Change We fully support the maintenance of this Goal in the SDGs, and the inclusion of a strong paragraph on climate change in the Chapeau (Paragraph 8). Beyond 2015 recommends reinserting a target on holding the increase in global average temperature below 1.5°C rise. There is also a need to include more specific and quantified targets under this goal to adequately address the most fundamental challenge of our time. The SDGs must be designed so as contribute to a global low-carbon, green development pathway and to keeping global warming below dangerous levels.

On Peaceful and Inclusive Societies Beyond 2015 strongly welcomes the retention of a goal on peaceful and inclusive societies, and specifically the reference to access to justice and governance. Targets 16b on the promotion and enforcement of nondiscriminatory laws and policies and 16.7 on participatory decision-making are especially important. We regret to see that language on prior and informed consent of indigenous communities has disappeared. The current goal does not go far enough to guarantee political and civil freedoms or ensure the protection of human rights. Wording and content should be improved to focus on outcomes and people, rather than state outputs and capacities, and to ensure the protection of human rights (including for vulnerable populations affected by conflict such as refugees and internally displaced persons - IDPs) and human rights defenders. On peace specifically, evidence suggests that society’s ability to manage conflict peacefully is crucial to peace, but none of the targets effectively promote this. More widely, peace can be promoted across the framework through addressing issues such as jobs, natural resource management and inequalities between people and social groups.

Moving Forward: The proposed goals and targets often miss the interlinkages between the three dimensions of sustainable development, undermining a coherent and holistic approach. Questions of indicators, universality and differentiation, and the responsibility for and governance of the new framework, all need to be resolved in the negotiations moving forward. On accountability The Post-2015 framework must be underpinned by the strongest, most robust and comprehensive accountability framework possible, incorporating the commitment to monitor and report on progress and share learning and knowledge. This will help build a global partnership towards achievement of the SDGs that makes all actors – governments, civil society and private sector – accountable. Accountability should be, first and foremost, to those the SDGs are designed to help – the poorest and the most marginalised. Only through hearing the voices of the poorest and most marginalised can we be sure that their lives are truly improving; only through protecting and valuing their participation do we respect and empower them. Hence, mechanisms at the local and national levels, as those closest and most accessible to affected populations, must be strengthened and must feed into processes at regional and global levels. Furthermore, the universal nature of the SDGs creates an urgent need to assess each country's contribution to global realisation of these goals. A key challenge will be to assess the extraterritorial impacts and contributions of states, including to the reform of global governance, trade and finance. The contribution of all actors to the global responsibility for realising this agenda must be assessed. Governments, as duty-bearers and signatories to the framework, have a responsibility to commit to ensuring accountability of all relevant actors in these respects. This will require a multilevel domestic, regional and

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global system. Accountability cannot exist without an enabling environment of capacity building, freedom of association and information, transparency, independence and fairness, and broader mechanisms to ensure the effective participation and influence of all people in decision-making processes. The accountability framework of the Post-2015 agenda must include clear directions for governments to provide a conducive environment for citizens, civil society and voluntary organisations to hold governments to account. On the means to realise the goals Too many of the proposed means of implementation targets - on trade, development finance etc. - sound like 'business as usual'. For example, targets requiring international cooperation to change global economic structures that cause poverty such as illicit financial flows, tax evasion and odious debts are very limited in scope. It is not clear that these will achieve the transformative shift envisioned in the chapeau and expressed by many of the goals: an approach tied too closely to the economic status quo and its approach to growth risks undermining the realisation of a transformative agenda. The gap between the cost of implementation and the finance currently available has not been adequately addressed, much less resolved. The OWG outcome document touches on global issues of responsibility, but the nature of broader means of implementation, and who must do what to realise the agenda, must be agreed over the next year if the goals are to be a success. Participation and the next phase of negotiations In conclusion, the high standard of debate around the Post-2015 framework so far is a direct reflection of an open and inclusive process with multiple channels of input for stakeholders. Only by welcoming a diversity of voices can a legitimate and people-centred Post-2015 framework be designed. It is therefore vital to ensure strong participation of civil society in the process leading up to and following the Post-2015 Summit in September 2015. Full access and the meaningful participation of all groups will be essential to the transparency and integrity of the forthcoming negotiations. In this regard, the OWG has been a strong and successful model.

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Contacts: Leo Williams, International Coordinatior, lwilliams@beyond2015.org Naiara Costa, Advocacy Director, ncosta@beyond2015.org. Fiona Hale, International Officer, fhale@beyond2015.org www.beyond2015.org

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Issue Brief

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тАл▌╛тАмрм░ 1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜рпб р╛ХсииспЩa .%(Tси▒ тАл тж╜▌бтАмтакa соБси╡со╣ тАл╫ЭтАмсо╣ ╟Нс│Сскб ┼Эс▒╢ ╟Ос▒╜сЬ╜сБЭсФНтлнсо╣ спжс░Ж┼Э тк╜ра║ тж╜╟О с▒╢сЗбсо╣ сйОтзБ┼Э тк╜ра║ тж╜╟ОсЬ╜сБЭсФНтлнсо╣ спжс░Ж┼Э тк╜ра║ 1PTU с╡Эсл╡ спХсЫйскб с░вс▒▒ такaскб с▒ер╕╛

раЧтАл █╛тАм тАв тВЩ┼Бр╛Щтин тАв ┼бр▓Й ткйтЯ╣спХс╕б тАв сзЮсиХ р╝Йсон

р│ЩрйЧ ргЧ╤Р спХсЦТтмй тж╜╟ОспЩ╟нс░Н▌Й сФвспеспХсФН ╟Ос▒╜}сБ╜тй▓р▓ЖсБЭeтй▓со╣тлн ,$0$ сКесФв╔Э с▒╢тВжсЦЭтЦСс░Ж ╟Ос▒╜}сБ╜тй▓р▓ЖсЬ╜сБЭсФНтлнтбНр▒Э ,P'*% смХсйвснесм▒ #FZPOE ,PSFB ┼Цра║смХсйвснесм▒

рйЙрдЧ ра│▄╗р│Р ргЧ╤Р ╥┤ркБрвОр┤ерзАрв▓тАл ╫ЧтАмримрзВри╕ рк║рдмри╡тАл ╓Щ █╜тАмркЩтАлрвЬ ╫Ч╪║▄РтАмрнМ╓Щ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤ .%(T ▄│ раБрзо ▀В тАлрнУ╪АтАмр│б рвЬтАл█╜тАмриН ╥┤ркБ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤▄│ рг╗▌Ар│Ю╙Э ридр│а ╓в█▒рйЙ р┤Э▀Кр╡д рй╣╤Р рк║рйСтАлрйЙ раД ╫о╫дтАмрдЧ ра│▄╗р│РтАл ╫ЧтАмr ╓Щ рйЙр┤▒ ╤Р▀КрйДркБs 1PTU %FWFMPQNFOU "HFOEB рйЙр│Ю 1PTU рйД ╓дрйД ╒▓риК╥Ч ╥Чрй┐ ▀В рйД▐╖▄│ рдж▐╣рвОр┤ерйД ╥Щрй╝рзАрв▓ рй┐▄╗р│ЮрзУрдгтАл ╫о╫дтАмрнн╙Ф ржирй╕ри╡тАлрв┐ █╜тАмрйвр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫ЧтАм╥┤ркБ╤Р▀К раЩржа р│а╥┤ рдж▐╣рвОр┤е╨╛ рйЙ█Юр│а ╥┤ркБрвОр┤ерйД рп╛ р╡Т▄┤ри╕ рйЬ рйЙр│зр│Ю╥К рй╕╙Урй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАмрм╡рзИ ▀В ╙ЭрзИр│ЮтАл╪и ╪Ш ╫ЧтАмриСрйЙ тАл╪║тАм╙Э▄│ ▀ДтАл ╫о╫д█ЙтАм

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1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜рпб р╛ХсииспЩa

1 3RVW ╤С▀ЛрйЕркВтАлрйМрж╗▐Ч █ЗтАм╨┐" r ╓Щ рйЙр┤▒ ╤Р▀КрйДркБs 1PTU %FWFMPQNFOU "HFOEB тАл ▌И ╓Щ █ЖтАмркЩтАлрвЬ ╫Ч╪║▄РтАмрнМ╓Щ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤ .%(T ▄│ тАлрнУ╪АтАмр│ЮтАл█╜рвЬ ╫ЧтАмриН ╥┤ркБрвОр┤ерйД ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤▄│ рг╗▌Ар│Ю█░тАл ╫ЧтАмримрзВ рк║рдмрйД ╓дрйД ╥Чрй┐ри╕ рйД▐╖р│атАл ╫отАм ╓Щ рвЬрнМ╓Щ рй┐рвЪр┤ерйД рйЙр┤▒ ▌Е┘ЬржпрлУ .%(TтАл ╫ЧтАмрлС╒д рзИ ╓Щ╤А ╥┤ркБрвОр┤е р▒ар╡д римрзВрйД рй╣ргБ╥Е ра╝╥Мр▒ГроЦ ╓в█▒рзАрв▓ ╒броЬ▀И рзЙр│бри╕ рг╗р│пр│зрз│тАл рйЙ ╫отАм.%(TрйД ╙Эр│арйЙ ▌ЕтАл╪╜▄РтАмрзА тАл █Д┘отАмримрзВри╖ ╓Щ римрзВрнир┤е ╤╛рйДржЙри╕ ╙Ф╤втАл █╜тАмрп╝╤▒ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв╥Ч римрзВ рлСргШ╨╛тАлрй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр┤ерйД 6/$4% ▄│ рк║рдмри╡тАл█╜рвЬ █╜тАмриН ╤Р▀КрйДркБрйД ╒▓риКри╕ рк│ра║р│зрз│тАл ╓Щ ╫отАмриШ рзМ▄╗тАл ╫ЧтАмримрзВ рнир┤ерзАрв▓тАл ╫ЧтАмрлС╒д ╓Щ╤А рй┐раЧрзм ╥┤ркБ╙Э╥│ рдж▐╣рвОр┤е ╙Эрж╕ ┘б тАл╫отАмржир│а рйЙр│з╥Щ╥ЕрйЧрйД ╓дрйДрзм рйЧтАл▐ЩтАмри╕ ╤врнЫ роВр│дтАлрйД ╪╗тАм╤╝ри╕ ▀Др░Фри╡тАл █╜тАм╒▓риКрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а раД╤║рй╕рйЛ р┤ИрвЪри╕ рджрйШр│б рзШрй┐рйЙтАл ╓Щ ╫отАмримрзВ рнир┤ерзАрв▓ рм╗р░ЦтАл ╪╝тАмрзШрй┐рйЛ рвЬтАл█╜тАмриН ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤тАлраЧ ╫ЧтАмр░а ╓Щ╙йрлС ╓Щ╤А римрзВри╕ ра║тАл▄ГтАмр│а ╥┤ркБрвОр┤ерйД ра╝╥Мр▒ГроЦрзм рлСргШ╨╛тАл рй╣▀К╫ЮтАмрдкр┤Ери╕ ридр│а ╓в█▒рйД рвЬтАл█╜тАмриН тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рйЙрйЧ рлСроЬ рзЙр│бри╕ р│Ю╤▒ тАл ╫о╪╗тАм рлС╒д ╓Щ╤А римрзВри╖ тАл╫отАмржир│а ▀Срдзри╡тАл █╜тАмрдж▐╣рвОр┤ерзм рйЙр│з╥Щ╥ЕрйЧрйД рйД╤╝ри╕ рг╗█┤р│зрз│╥К ╨┐╥┤ рй┐раЧ ╥┤ркБ╙Э╥│ рдж▐╣рвОр┤етАл рнУ╫▒тАм╙Эрж╕ рзЛ╥│ргЧ ┘б тАл╫отАмржир│а р│придрйЧтАл ╫ЧтАмрйЧрдирйД ╥Ч╤в .%(T ╥Щ█▓ ╥Гр│╖╥Ч рзЛ╥│▄│ ▀Др░Фри╡тАл▌Ж █╜тАмри╖ рйД╤╝ри╕ ркБрн╣р│зрз│тАл рйЙ ╫отАм╥Чрй┐рзАрв▓ рвЬтАл█╜тАмриН ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рйД р│ЩриГрв┐╥Ч ╒▓риК ▀зридрзм рг╗рк│ ┘б тАл╫отАмржир│а роПтАл▌╢тАмрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а ╓дрйД╨╛ рй╣╤РтАлрж╗╪║тАм╥К ╓Щ риШ р┤Ерйд рй┐раЧ╤А р┤ИрвЪри╕ р░╛р│а р│дрйД▄│ ридр│а рйДркБ▄│ ▌Е┘Ьржп ╨╛╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм рлС╙Ш╙йрлСрйД ╓дрйД▄│ раБтАл█╜рвЬ ▌╢тАмриН ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рйД р│ЩриГрв┐рзА тАл╪АтАмр│зрв▓тАлрг╗╫о╪А ╫ЧтАм╨╛ тАлрйД╪▓тАмр│зрв▓ р│дрйД╨╛ рйЙтАл▄ЦтАмржпркО╥К тАл▌║тАмроЯри╖ ржЗрлТ р┤Ырй┐тАл╪║тАмрлС ржЛржУрлС▌Е рлСргШ╨╛тАл▌╛рй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр▓┤ 4%(T ╨╛ тАл ╪╝тАм╤кри╡тАл █╜тАмрзШрвЪр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм╒йржЗрйУтАл ╫ЧтАмрк▒тАл ╪╗тАм рймрй╝ри╖ ╥│рнУрй╕ тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤ рг╗рзм ╒▓риК ╙Т▄╗╥К рйЙрзА рг╗▀ИтАл▌╛раЧргБ ╫Ч╪║тАмр▓┤рзм рлСр▓┤рв╕рй┐ ╙Т▄╗╥К рйЙ▄│ рйЙр│пр│Ю╙Э ридр│а рг╗тАл╫▒тАм╥Ч тАл╫д▌╜тАмр░а▌В тАл▌лтАмро┤тАл рлН╫дтАм╥│рн╖ ┘брйЙтАл ╫отАм рймрй╝рзА тАл╪АтАмр│а рйЙ╤╝ри╖ рп╝╤▒ ╙ЭркУрйД .%(TрйД рзЙр│б╥Ч р│а╥ЕрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а рйСрйв ра╝╥М╥Ч рлСргШ╨╛тАл рй╣▀К╫ЮтАм╤Р╓Ы ▀В рйЙрзм ╥Щ█▓р│а рнн╙ФрйД ╥┤ркБрй╕ рвЪр┤ЯрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а рйЙр│з ╙Т▄╗╥К ╨┐╥┤ рй┐раЧрйД ╥┤ркБ╤Р▀КрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а рнНр│Я ▀В рй┐рм╝▀Ср│▒╥Ч риЛрв╢рг╜ридрйД рм░рйЙрзАрв▓ ╙ЭрйЛр│Ю╥К рйУтАлрг╜╫▒ рв▓█Д┘о ╫отАмр╡д рдкр┤Е╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│а ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤▌Е ркБр│ар│зрв▓ рв╕рй┐р│ЮрйЧтАл ╫ЧтАм ╙Эрг┐рй╕ рннргЧрк▒рйДрй╕ рй╜╙ФрзАрв▓ рйЙ▀г ╙Эр┤ерзА рдзтАл █ЭтАмрзА╓БрлС ╙Шри│рид╙Э ▀В ╙Эр┤▒▀╕р┤Ъ ┘б рлС╥│рй╕ ╤Р▀К╥Ч р┤Ь╥Г рид╙Э▄│ тАл▄Ц╫отАм╙Э ридр│зрв▓тАл ╫ЧтАм╤Р▀КрнУркБ "SDIJUFDUVSF тАл ╫Ч┌ШтАм╤Р▀Кр▓Б█ЮтАл╫отАмрйР ┘б ╥│ркСрй╕рйЛ риГргЧ╙йрлС тАл▄Ц╫отАмржпржа р│атАл ╫Ч╫отАмрннтАл╪АтАмрк▒рйДрй╕ рй╜╙Ф╙йрлС тАл╫отАмржир│а р▓Юрм░╨╛ ╒бр░Л╒мтАл ╫отАм р│ар▓Ю 1PTU ╥Чрй┐рзАрв▓ рвЬтАл█╜тАмриН ╤Р╓Ы╥Ч рдатАл█╜тАм╤д ┘б тАл╫отАмржир│а риКржп╨╛ ▌Е┘ЬржпркОтАл ╫отАм╨╛рйв ╓Е▄╗ рвОриКтАл ╫Ч╪║тАм рдатАл█╜тАм╤дри╖ rриЛ▄╗╨╛ риЧр│ЮтАл█Р▐╖ ╫ЧтАмs 5IF 'VUVSF 8F XBOUрзм rриЛ▄╗╨╛ риЧр│ЮтАлрвЪргБ ╫ЧтАмs 5IF 8PSME 8F 8BOU рйЙтАлрй╣ ╫отАмрйЧтАл▀И ╫ЧтАм╙ЭтАл ▐ЩтАмримрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйврйЙ рк▒рм╣р│а ╤кри╡тАл ╓Щ █╜тАмриШ римрзВ рлСргШ╨╛тАлрй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр┤ерйД 3JP ╤╛╥ЧтАл▌╛ркБ рйДрв▓▐ЩтАмри╡тАлрм╗ █╜тАмр░ЦтАл╪║тАм╙ЭтАл ╪итАмр│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАмр┤▒рйЧтАл ╫ЧтАмрдж▐╣рвОр┤е╨╛ тАлрвО рй╖▌втАмриКр│а риКржпрйЛтАл ╪ШтАмр┤Ерйд римрзВрзАрв▓ рдж▐╣рвОр┤ерйД рйД╤╝ри╕ рг╗█┤р│ЮтАл╪Ш ╫ЧтАмрзАтАлрвО ╪итАмриКтАл╪║тАм╥К рйУтАл ╫отАмр│ар▓Ю 1PTU рзм #FZPOE тАл █ЖтАмр▓┤р┤ЕрйЙ р┤ТрйдтАл╪║тАмржп рвОриКтАл╪║тАм╥К рйУтАл ╪Ш╫ЧтАм1PTU ╨╛ rрдж╤Арй╕ ╤Р╓ЫsрзА рнбрй╝ри╕ тАлрн╢▌ПтАм╥К рйУтАл ▌╢╫отАмr#FZPOE sтАл ╫ЧтАм .%(T▄│ ╓Иржпрв▓тАл█╜рвЬ ╫ЧтАмриН ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤▄│ ркБрджр│Ю╥КрйЧ р│ЮтАл ╪и▐╖рйД ╫ЧтАмр▓ир│гр│Ю╥К рйУтАл рв▓█Д┘о ╫отАмримрзВрйД ╥Хрдзр▓┤р┤Ери╖ r1PTU sрйЙрлС▌Е рдж▐╣рвОр┤етАл ╫ЧтАмr#FZPOE sтАл █ЖтАмр▓┤р┤Ери╕ ╪К рйЧрк▒ рвОриКр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫отАмр│ар▓Ю рйМ▀Ирй╕рйЛ r╤Р▀КрйДркБsтАл █ЖтАм╤Р╓Ы╥Ч р│г╘Л r╤Р▀К р│Р█ирйРриХрп╝sтАл █ЖтАмриКржптАлрвО ╪итАмриКтАл╪║тАм╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм

со▓сйж╒Жспк ╪ОспктАл ▄жтАмXXX XPSMEXFXBOU PSH ╟┐с▓осЭосВОсФ╛тмЮспк спк─╛спТ XXX CFZPOE PSH тГКс┤В

1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜рпб р╛ХсииспЩa

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.%(Tси▒ тАл тж╜▌бтАмтакa

2 0'*VрзБ тАл╪БтАмр│б р▓д╨┐ ╔ЪсЭНтж╜ сКй┼Е сБ░ ╩Ссже тЩХтК╣

сЕХтаЩс▒в тЕйреТ ╞▒соВ сЭЕтйе

р╝ЙсЦТсЕХ├Х с╖╛с╕е

сЦТтакреТ сБ░ сйНсЦТ╟нтж╜ vтк╡

)*7 "*%4 р╕▒рпЭр╕Нсже реТ с╕йсД▓ тЩХтК╣

соБсжесФНр╕╛р╖Б qсЧн

тк╣─Юс▒в с╕бсЧоaтАл▄ЖтАмсЦТ сЕХс░Ж

сБ╜с▒есое снетж╜ ╔бр▓╜сГн тЭнтЬЩ╒йсЫЮ ╟НтЗ╢

1PTU ╓дрйДрзАрв▓ ╙ЭркУрйД .%(TрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а р▓г╨╛тАл▌Т ╫ЧтАмриЛ рк║риГр│а рзЙр│бри╕ р│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАмримрзВри╖ ╓Щ ╙Эр│арйД .%(T╨╛ ▀Ир┤Ьрй╝ри╕ тАлраЧ╓Щ ╪ктАмр░а .%(T рйЙр│прзА тАл╪АтАмр│з тАл╫д▌╜тАмр░а ╤╛╥Чрзм р▓г╨╛ тАл╫╕тАмри╖ раБ╥Крв▓▄│ тАл ╓Щ▌ТтАм ▀К╤Ар│зрз│тАл ╫отАм╙Т▄╗╥К римрзВ ╤Р▀Кр┤И█▒р▓и█в %$' ри╕ ╥ГркБрвОр┤ерйЙрвОр┤е &$040$ рк▒╥Щри╡тАл ╫о▌Г╓Щ █╜тАм ╤Ррннр│ЮрзИ .%(T ▀г тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рйЛ r╤Р▀Кри╕ ридр│а ╙ЦтАл ▀е█╜тАмр▒╡р▒Я╓Брднsри╕ р▓ир│гр│а ╥┤ркБ╤Р▀Кр┤И█▒рйД рзЙр│брзА тАл╪АтАмр│а ╓дрйД▄│ р│зрз│тАл ╫отАм 1PTU ╥Чрй┐рзАрв▓ римрзВ рб║▌Е ржЗтАл▌Ж █Д╫дтАмри╖ рдж▐╣рвОр┤етАлрнУ╫▒тАмрзм рзЛ╥│ргЧтАл ╫ЧтАм╙ЭркУрйД .%(TрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а р▓г╨╛рзм р│г╘Л тАл╫отАмржир│а ╤Ррв╢ ▀СржЙри╕ ркБрджр│зрз│тАл█ЮрйЙ ╫отАмр│а р▓г╨╛рзм ркБржЙри╖ рвЬтАл█╜тАмриН ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рйД ╒▓риК╥Ч р┤Лрдзри╕ ╥│рв┐ р│ЮтАл ╪Ш╫ЧтАмрлТ╤Арй╜рй╕ри╡тАл▌Ж █╜тАмри╖ рзФр│▒ри╕ рк▒рж╗тАл ╫отАм╥┤ркБ рдж▐╣рвОр┤ерзАрв▓ рк▒тАлркБ █╜тАм╙ЭтАл ╪╗тАм.%(TрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а р▓г╨╛▄│ ра║р▒╕рй╕ ╒▓риКри╕ рк║рдмри╡тАл █╜тАм╤А█Ър╡д рй┐▄╗р│ЮтАл ▌╢тАмржЗтАл█РтАмрзм ╤НтАл ╫отАм .%(TтАл ▄жтАмсЛЪ┼╢р┐Кс▓ор╕О ╟┐с▓осФ╛тмЮ тЭЛт░Ъ со▓сйжспк с╢гсЭ╛с▓У спкс▓ор│о сЦ╢с▓зтзктАл раВ▄жтАмс╢гсмжтзо сй┐тз▓спЦ тзкскТтАл т░ЪтЭЛ ▌╢тАмсЛЪ┼╢ тЪЖтЛкр╕О соЦтзо ╟┐с▓ос▓У тВ║снвспк с▓зтЛкс▓У спкс╣ТслТ с░╛снв рблснвсйв тм║╞Ос▓Ус░К сй┐тз▓спЦ тзкскТспОр╝В .%(Tр╕О тЩЗтиЖ ┬орбЦ╟┐спк тЖЪржГ╟всо│╞О ─Ж┬зсйв сИЦсиОсйвсЦотАл ▄жтАм╞Цр╝╗тз▓ р╣Ютзо ┬осЦ▓спЦ с░Жр╡║сйЪтАл ▄ж▌╢тАмтбЫ┬Тр╕О сВн┼▓ с░ЪтАл ▌╢тАм ╩Кр▒╛╘к .%(TтАл ▄жтАмсЛЪ┼╢спЦ ┬орбЦ╟┐ р╣Ю спк р┐Кс▓ор│о ┬Цс╢Отзк┼▓ сИЪ╞Зс▓зтзо р┐Жсй┐╞О ╩ЪспЗс▓зтГЧ ржГ ╟╛с┤Вс▓Ус░К р┐Кс▓о тиЖ┼В╞О ╞Зсй╛╟┐спк сй┐тз▓сйв тАл тзо▐ТтАм╟╛тЕЖс▓Ус░Ж┼▓ сЭ╢с╣Ъс▓Ус░К р╝╗тго┬Т тЙ║сиПтзкскТтАл ▌╢тАм╩Кр╕╛┼▓ р╝╗тгор╕О с░ОсВкс▓Ус░Ж┼▓ тмЯс░Ос▓УспОр│о сЦ╢с▓зтзксй╛ сИЦс▒Ус░Ж╘к с░╛╘оспЦ ─╝спТ тЙ║сиП╟┐┬Т╘к ╒Жр╖л╟┐ рквтАлтнЦ╦В ▄жтАмсЕТтлжсйв сиПтзо рбЦсЦо╟┐┬Тспк тЭЛсЪктзо ткЦсЭ╢спЦ тИ╗сИЦт░Ъ ┼▓р▓╢тзкс╣Т сзЬсзктАл ▌╢тАм сЛЪ┼╢спЦ с┤УспТ спксВКспк сФ╛тмЮ┬осВо спкс▓ор│о тИзсШЮтзксй╛ с░К╚Ю сВОс╢Ос▓У ─ВсДЦ╓ЮсЬ╢ тлк┼П сВб ╚ВтИз╞О тбЫтлж ржГ сДжсИЦсиО DSPTT DVUUJOH с░ЖсЬЪслТ с▓зтГЧс░О╞ТсЧГспк с╢гсмжсЧГс░Ж сВкскУрвкс╣Т р╜НтиЪтАл ▌╢тАм╩Кр╕╛┼▓ сЛЪ┼╢спЦ сШЮреп╞О ┬лспТ с┤УспТ спксВКспк ┼Пс▓ос▓У тК│р╝ЖспОр│о ╟┐тзотзксй╛ сЛЪ┼╢спк с▓зтЛк сФ╛тмЮ р┐Ктлжс▓У тК│р╝Ж ржГ тАл▌╢тАмр╝ЖсЧГ╞О тАлтВ║▌╢тАмснвсЧГспЦ тИ╗сИЦт░Ъ ┼▓р▓╢тзкс╣Т сзЬсзктАл ▌╢тАм сЛЪ┼╢тЪЖтЛкр╣ЮспЦ ┬зс┤Втзксй╛ сигс▓Ус░К ┼Пс▓осЧГс░╖ ╞Ос▓зсйвсЦо сВосХптзо сФ╛тмЮ ┼Пс▓ос▓У сИЪтбЫржГспк р┐Кс▓ослТ сИТс▓зсИТтЮ║ р┐Кс▓осйв с▓отАл▐ТтАмр│о тАл▐ТтАмтДктзкс╣Т р╜НтиЪтАл ▌╢тАмсЛЪ┼╢тЪЖтЛкслТ сигс╣Ъспк с░Ос░вр╕╛ тГПтИоспЦ соЦтзо сХпсХВс▓Ус░Жр╝В с╣ТсШЯ┬Т▄╖тзо ┼Пс▓осЧГс░╖╞О с░Жр╕О соЦтзо сФ╛тмЮ┼Пс▓ос▓У с░КтжЦр░Оспк с╢гсмжсЧГ с░ЖслТ ╞Тр▓║рво ┬осВоснвс┤Вспк сй┐тз▓ с╕Ы снвс┤Втм║╞ОсЧГ╞О ┬осВотм║╞ОсЧГс░Ж тИ╗сИЦт░Ъ сВкскУрвкс╣Т р╜НтиЪтАл ▌╢тАм ┬Тс╣Т р╝╗тго┬Т сИЦс▓Ъс▓УспОр│о сЦ╢с▓зрвксйЖ р╝╗тго сФ╛с░Жспк со▓╦Вс▓У скВ╞ТсЧГ сВб сЭо╓Ъс╣Тр╕О с▓о┼▓тзкр▓╢тАлтм║ ▄жтАм╞Ос▓Ус░К с▓Цр▒З╞О с▓зтГЧспЦ р╣ЮреотАл раВ▄жтАмсйЖр▓╢снТспЦ ─╝сйЪтАл ▌╢тАм╩Кр╕╛┼▓ сЧКсИТр╝╗тго UBSHFU слТ с╣Ттго┬Т сХВтИор┐О PVUQVU с╢гсЭ╛спОр│о сЦ╢с▓зрвксйЖ с╢гс░╖╦Вс▓Ус░К сЧГ╞О PVUDPNF слТ с╢гс░╖╦Вс▓У тЮЮ╩Ытм║╞О JNQBDU р╕О тК│с▓зтзктАл раВ▄жтАмсйЖр▓╢снТс░Ж р╣асзктАл ▌╢тАм.%(T с░ЖтиЫспЦ сЧГсЕЦ с╣Тсй┐сЕЦ сИЦсиОсЕЦр│о тм║╞Ос▓УспОр│о р╝║тАл тз▓тЧВ▌ЪтАмсЪк с░ЪтАл┬п ▄жтАм╞Тс▓У тЩЗ┼Цр╕О тлзсЖЖтзктАл╦В раВ▄жтАмсЪ▓с▓У сйЖр▓╢снТс░Ж с░ЪсйЪтАл ▌╢тАм ╞гсДжсоЦтзо спк─╛ сЪкр│Ж ╞Ос▓з сйШс░Ж со▓сйж╞О ╟┐с▓о╦В╟╛спк ┼▓соЦ р╕╛▀жсЭ┐╞О с░ОсИТ ╞Тр╡ЮслТ с▓Цр┐К┬Т ╩Кр╢Лр╣Ю с▓отзос▓УспОр│о тГКсй╛тзксй╛ тзкти╖с▓Ус░Ж┼▓ тмЯс░Ос▓Ус░К ╦Вс╢Т 0OF 4J[F 'JUT "MM с░Ж рвксйЪтАлрзВ ▌╢тАмр░ОсЦо тЖЪ╦Всйв .%(T с▓зтАл▐ЛтАмсЧГ тлзсЖЖсйв сйЖр▓╢снТспЦ ─╝сйЪ┼▓ ┬орбЦ╟┐ с▓зсИТслТ сЭосВОсФ╛тмЮспк тГКсй╛слТ с╢Ос░КспксЭпспЦ ткзсЧГтзктАл раВ▄жтАмсйЖр▓╢снТс░Ж с░ЪсйЪтАл ▌╢тАм

1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜рпб р╛ХсииспЩa

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соБси╡со╣ тАл╫ЭтАмсо╣ ╟Нс│Сскб ┼Эс▒╢

3 ринрзГрйЕ ╓ерйЕ ╥┤ркТрзн ╥ШркА 1PTU тАл ╫ЧтАмримрзВрйД рйДркБтАл █╜тАмримрзВрйЙ рк▒тАл╪итАмр│Ю╥К рйУрлС▌Е ╙Т ╥Чрй┐рзАрв▓ рим█грзЛр│д &6 ржЗр│Р▄╗роарзЛр│д "6 рзФрзЛ▀С $PNNPOXFBMUI ┘б римрзВ рз╗раЧрйД рй┐раЧ╤А ╙Э╥│тАл ╪итАмрйЧрнУрй╕ри╡тАл ▄│рйД╓д █╜тАмрлУр│пр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм╙Т▄╗╥К тАл╪▓тАмрджрзА рй┐раЧ╤А р┤ИрвЪрйЙ рлУр│птАл╪║тАм╥К рйУтАл ╫ЧтАм╙Эр┤▒▀╕р┤Ър┤Иржб тАлрвО╫╝тАм╥┤рнир┤е 6/'$$$ $01 рзм ╥ГркБрид╙Э▄│ тАл ╫Ч▄Ц╫отАм ( рй┐рвЪр┤ерйД ╙Т▄╗╥К ргБ╥ЕтАл▐ЦтАмрзЙ╙Э╥│ 850 рйД тАл╪итАмр│Ю╤Р▀КрйДркБ %%" р│дрйД ┘брйЙ 1PTU ╓дрйД ╒▓риКрзА рлТ╤Арй╜рй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАмрзФр│▒ри╕ рк▒╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм1PTU ╨╛ р┤Лрдзрй╕ри╡тАл ╫Ч█╜тАм6/ раДраЧ╨╛ рйУтАл╫П ╫ЧтАмриДрзАрв▓ рлУр│птАл ╫Ч╪║тАм ╓дрйДрзм р┤ИрвЪрйЙрлС▌Е ╒▓риКрй╕ри╡тАл ╫Ч█╜тАм╥┤ркБрвОр┤ерйД тАл╫отАмржир│а рйДркБрзм ╥Щрдм╥Ч рзЛ╥ЩтАл╪║тАмржп рлУр│птАлраВ ╫Ч╪║тАмрйЯр│а р│РтАлргБ█╜тАмрдЭтАл█ДтАм╥К р│б рг╗ рйУтАл ╫отАм 1PTU ╓дрйДтАлраЧ╓Щ █╛ра║ ╫ЧтАмр░а ╓Щ╙йрлС ╓Щ╤А рлУр│птАл ╫Ч╪║тАм╥Чрй┐рйЙрлС▌Е ╙Т рзЙрвОрй╕ ╙ЭриЧ╥Ч ▀У╥Гри╖ ╓Щ рдЭр░╕р┤У▄┤ римрзВрйЛ╤Ар┤Ь╥Гр┤ерйД 6/$)& ╙йрлС ╤врда█Ю рзвтАл█ДтАм╤В рг╗ рйУтАл ╫отАмрлСргШ╨╛тАл▌╛рй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр▓┤ 4%(T тАл █ЖтАмриКржп╨╛ раБрзИрк▒┘арйЙ .%(Tрзм тАл█╜рвЬ ▄╗╫│тАмриН ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤тАл ╫ЧтАмрлСргШ╨╛тАл рй╣▀К╫ЮтАм╤Р╓Ыри╕ ╥│рв┐р│ЮтАлрвО ╫ЧтАмр┤е ╥ГркБ р┤Ь╥ГрйД ргБ рн╖рйЙ ╥О╥КтАл▀И ▄ЦтАмрзФтАл ╫Ч╪║тАм╤кри╕ тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤тАл █╜тАмр│Ю╥К рйУтАл рв▓█Д┘о ╫отАмрзЙрвОрй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАмримрзВрйЙ рк▒тАл╪итАмр│зрзб рвОр┤е╤Р▀К ╥ГркБ╤Р▀К р┤Ь╥Г ╥Щ█▓ ╓ЩтАл ╪АтАмримрзВ р┤ерйДрзм рйЙр┤▒ рйЙр│прзА ╥Щр│а р┤▒ргШ р┤ерйДрйД ╓дрйД╨╛ рлШржбтАл╪║тАм╥К рйУтАлрй╝ ╫Ч╫отАмрзАрв▓ .%(Tрзм рлХрй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАмрп╛ рм░▀╣рв┐ри╕ раБрйЙ╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм раД рйЙрдЧ ра│▄╗р│РрзАрв▓тАлраЧ╓Щ ╫ЧтАмр░а ╓Щ╙йрлС римрзВрйД 1PTU ╓дрйД╥Чрй┐ри╕ рдж╙ЭрзА тАл █Д┘отАмрп╝╤▒ ╓О тАл █╜╥Е╫▒тАм╥│раЩр│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм 1PTU ╤Р▀КрйДркБ ╓дрйДрйД тАл╥Е╫▒тАм

тАл╥Е╫▒тАм

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рк▒риГ рв┐╤║╥Ч ╥ЧркБ

рк▒риГ р┤ерйДрзм ╤╛╥ЧтАл▐ЫтАм

╓Щ риШ ╓Щ риШ

рвОрй╣ рзШра║ ╓дрйД

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h ▄╗риЛ р┤ерйД ╓Щ риШ h римрзВ рджрдЭр░о рйШрж╕▀И раБ╥Крв▓ ╓Щ риШ

h римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв .%(T раБ╥Крв▓ ╓Щ риШ h рм░ римрзВ рнир┤е ╓Щ риШ h римрзВ ╥Крид╙Щр▓Б╓Е раБ╥Крв▓ ╓Щ риШ h римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв .%(T раБ╥Крв▓ ╓Щ риШ

тАл╥Е╫▒тАм

╓Щ риШ ╓Щ риШ

рйД╤╝ рг╗█┤ ▀В ╓дрйД рйДркБ рв╕рй┐

тАл╥Е╫▒тАм

╓Щ риШ ╓Щ риШ

рйДркБ ╥│рнУр┤Ъ ▀В рзШрджрй╕ тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤ ркБрдж

h рлСргШ╨╛тАл▌╛рй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр▓┤ ╥Х╤РрйШрж╕▀И ╓Щ риШ ╓Щ риШ h рлСргШ╨╛тАл рй╣▀К╫ЮтАм╥Крид╙Щрй┐роЦр▓и█в ╓Щ риШ рйМ

h рм░ римрзВ рнир┤е .%(T р▒а▀╣р│првО ╓Щ риШ рйМ h рлСргШ╨╛тАлрй╣▀К╫ЮтАмрйдриЧ рй┐раЧ╤А рй╣тАл▐ЩтАм╨╛ридриЧр┤е ╓Щ риШ ╓Щ риШ

тАл ╥Е╫▒тАм

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тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤ р┤ИрвЪ ▀В рм╗р░Ц

h рм░ римрзВ рнир┤е ╓Щ риШ h рм░ римрзВ рнир┤е ╓Щ риШ

╓Щ риШ р┤ЕрйдтАл █╜╥Е╫▒ ╫ЧтАм╙Т тАл╪▓тАмржЙрйД ╓дрйД▄│ р░╖тАл ▄│ркБрйД █╜╪АтАм╥│рнУр┤Ър│зрв▓ ▌ГрлС▌Д тАл▌╛ рйД╥Е╫▒тАмр▓┤▄│ рм╗р░Цр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАмр┤ИрвЪри╕ ридр│а рк│ра║▄│ р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╥Чрй┐рйЙтАл█ДтАм╥К р│б рг╗ рйУтАл ╫отАм рнР тАл ╓Щ ╫Ч╥Е╫▒тАмримрзВ рнир┤е ╤╛рйДржЙ рм╗р░Цри╕ ╥Е╙ЭтАл █╜тАм1PTU ╨╛ римрзВрйД ╥ХрдзрйДркБтАлрйЙ ╪╗рй┐рв╕ █╜тАмр┤▒ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв рк▒тАл █╜╪итАм1PTU ╥Чрй┐ри╕ рвОрй╣ рк│ра║р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАмрдж╙ЭрзУтАл▀И ╫отАм╙ЭтАл ▐ЩтАмримрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйври╖ ╓Щ рм░ римрзВрнир┤ерйД ╤╛рйДржЙ " 3&4 рзА тАл ри║╫о █Д┘отАмр│зрйЛ ╓Щ римрзВ рнир┤е .%(T раБ╥Крв▓ " рзАрв▓ ╓Щ╙йрлС 1PTU ╓дрйД ▀СрдзрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а ркБржЙри╕ р│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм тАл ╫ЦтАмсИТтЧВ тАл╦Ю╫ЦтАмс╣Тспк с▓зсИТ┬Ц тмЮспк р│ореор║ЗспТ IUUQ TVTUBJOBCMFEFWFMPQNFOU VO PSH JOUHPWNFOUBM IUNM тГКс┤В

1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜рпб р╛ХсииспЩa

- 129 -

соБси╡со╣ тАл╫ЭтАмсо╣ ╟Нс│Сскб ┼Эс▒╢

ркБ тАл ╓Щ ╫Ч╥Е╫▒тАмриШ римрзВ рджрдЭр░о рйШрж╕▀И 55 раБ╥Крв▓рзм римрзВ рлСргШ╨╛тАлрй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр┤ерйД 6/$4% m▄╗риЛ m рйД ╤╛╥Ч тАл рв▓▐ЩтАмrриЛ▄╗╨╛ риЧр│ЮтАл█Р▐╖ ╫ЧтАмs рм╗р░Цри╕ ╥Е╙ЭтАлраД █╜тАм╤║рй╕рйЛ ╓дрйД╨╛ рджрйШтАл ╪╗тАмрдж╙ЭраЧр░а римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйврйЙ рйРтАл▌║тАмр│а ╥Крид╙Щ р▓Б╓Е раБ╥Крв▓▄│ рм╡ркСр│ЮрзИ римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйврйЙ римрзВ рнир┤ерзА ╤РрйД рзШрджрй╕ тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤▄│ р▓ир│гр│а 1PTU раБ╥Крв▓▄│ ркБрн╣р│а ╓Щ риШ ╙йрлСтАл█ДтАм╥К р│б рг╗ рйУтАл рйЙ ╫отАмрдж╙ЭрзА ▄╗риЛ р┤▒ргШри╡тАл █╜тАм рлСргШ╨╛тАл▌╛рй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр▓┤ ╥Х╤РрйШрж╕▀Ири╖ ╓Щ риШраЧр░а ╓дрйД▄│ рджрйШр│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйври╖ ╓Щ раБ╥Крв▓ " рзАрв▓ 1PTU ╨╛ ╓Щ риШ римрзВ рлСргШ╨╛тАлрй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр┤ерйД ▄╗риЛ ╥Чрй┐╥Ч р░╛р│дрй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАмрлУр│пр│б ╤кри╕ ркБржЙр│ЮрзУтАл ╓Щ ╫отАмримрзВ рнир┤е раЧр░атАл ┘Б ╫ЧтАм╥Чрй┐рйЙ р░╛р│дрй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАмрлУр│птАл╪║тАм╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм ркБ тАл ркБ ╫Ч╥Е╫▒тАмрм░ римрзВ рнир┤е ╙Э╤АрйЛ риШ рйМ рзМ▄╜ .%(T р▒а▀╣р│првОраЧр░а римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв раБ╥Крв▓╨╛ ркБрн╣тАл ╓Щ ╫Ч╪║тАмриШ╙йрлС ╙Э╤АрйЙтАл█ДтАм╥К р│б рг╗ рйУтАл ╓Щ ╫отАмриШ ╓дрйД▄│ рджрйШр│а рлСргШ╨╛тАл▌╛рй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр▓┤ ╥Х╤РрйШрж╕▀Ири╖ рм░ р┤ерйД▄│ ▌ГтАл▄╗▐ЦтАмр│Ю╥К ╤РрйД рк║рй╝ рзФрзЙри╕ рм╗р░Цр│ЮрзУ╥К рйЙ▄│ ╥│рнУр┤Ъ╙Э ридр│а р┤ерйД▄│ рн╢╨╛тАл ╓Щ █╜тАмриШ╙йрлС рм░█╣ ╪К ╤Ррннр│Ю╙ЭтАл █╜тАмр│ЮрзУтАл рйЙ ╫отАм╥Х╤РрйШрж╕▀И ╤╛╥ЧтАл ╫ЧтАмримрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв раБ╥Крв▓рзА ▀ИрзФтАл ╪╝тАмрзШрй┐рйЙтАл ╫отАм ▌ГрлС▌Д тАл рвЬ ╫Ч╥Е╫▒тАм╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рзА тАл╪АтАмр│з раД╤║рй╕рйЛ рй┐раЧ╤А р┤ИрвЪри╕ рджрйШр│ЮтАл ╓Щ ╫ЧтАмриШ ркБ рм░ римрзВрнир┤ерзАрв▓ р│дрйДтАл▌╛ ╪╗тАмр▓┤▄│ рм╗р░Цр│ЮтАл ╓Щ ╫ЧтАмриШ ркБ рм░ римрзВрнир┤е╙йрлСтАл█ДтАм╥К р│б рг╗ рйУтАл ╫отАмрзИ╙Эрв▓ рм╗р░ЦтАл▌╛ ╪╗тАмр▓┤тАл ╫ЧтАм ╓Щ риШраЧр░а ╓Щ╙йрлС ╓Щ╤А рйЙр│птАл ╪╝тАмрзШрй┐рйЙтАл ╫отАм рйЙ█Юр│а римрзВрйД 1PTU ╥Чрй┐ри╖ рп╝╤▒ римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв рк▒тАл╪итАмрзм римрзВ рлСргШ╨╛тАлрй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр┤ерйД ▄╗риЛ тАл █╜┘ДтАм ╥│рв┐тАл╪║тАмржп рлУр│птАл╪║тАмржп рз│тАл ╫отАмрнб▀И╙ЭрзАтАл ╫ЧтАмримрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйврйЙ рк▒тАл╪итАмр│ЮрзУтАл ╓Щ ▌╢╫отАмр┤▒▀И ркБ рм░ римрзВ рнир┤е▄│ ╥Е╙ЭтАлр░╛ █╜тАмр│дтАл╪║тАмржп р│Ю╒брйД ╥Чрй┐ри╡тАл █╜тАмрлУр│птАл╪║тАм╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм

ринрзГ рвПтАл▐ЧтАмрнйрйг р│СтАлргВ█╛тАмрдЮ 1PTU ╥Чрй┐рзАрв▓ рк║рн╢рй╕рйЛ рзЙр│бри╕ рг╗р│пр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫ЧтАмримрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв рк▒тАл╪итАмр│ЮрйД ╥Чрй┐ри╖ рп╝╤▒ ржЗтАл ргБ рйД█РтАм ╨╛рлС тАл █╜╥Е╫▒тАмрлУр│птАл ╫орж╗╪║тАм тЖЯ римрзВ рджрдЭр░о рйШрж╕▀И раБ╥Крв▓ ╓Щ риШ ╓Щ риШ тЖЯ римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв ╥Крид╙Щ р▓Б╓Е ╓Щ риШ m ╓Щ риШ тЖЯ римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв раБ╥Крв▓ ╓Щ риШ римрзВ рджрдЭр░о рйШрж╕▀И 55 раБ╥Крв▓ ╓Щ риШ_ ╓Щ риШ

римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйври╖ ╓Щ риШ 1PTU ╓дрйД▄│ ридр│а ╙Эрнб раБ╥Крв▓▄│ рйШрв┐р│б римрзВ ╒▓ рдктАл ▐ЦтАмрйШрж╕▀Ири╕ ╥│рв┐р│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАмримрзВ ╥Щ█▓ ржб рзИ╤РрйД ╙Э╥│рйД тАл╪АтАмр▓┤тАл █╜тАм╥│рв┐тАл ╪╗тАмрйШрж╕▀И 55 ри╖ ржб ╤РриШ╤АрйД рйШрж╕ри╕ ╤врнЫ ╓Щ риШ rриЛ▄╗╨╛ риЧр│ЮтАл ▄│┘Б▌╜ ╫ЧтАмридр│а ▐╖тАл рйД█РтАмрдкр┤Е 3FBMJ[JOH UIF 'VUVSF 8F 8BOU GPS "MM s рйЙтАлраБ рйД▌╛ркБ ╫Ч█ДтАм╥Крв▓▄│ римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйврзА╤▒ ркБрн╣р│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм рйЙ раБ╥Крв▓тАлрйЛ ╫ЧтАм╙В р▓г┘б рлСргШ╨╛тАл ╪А рв┐╫ЮтАм╙ЭраДриЧроЧ╥Ч р▓гр┤Ързм ржЙраБ р▓и╥Ърй╕ рвОр┤е╤Р▀К р▓и╥Ърй╕ ╥ГркБ╤Р▀К╥Ч р┤Ь╥Грй╕ рлСргШ╨╛тАл ╪А рйДрв┐╫ЮтАмр│ирдм▀Ср│▒ри╕ ╓Щ рйЙр┤▒ ╤Р▀КрйДркБ ╓дрйДрйД ╙ЭраДрй╕ р▒гтАл █╜тАм ркБрджр│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм

1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜рпб р╛ХсииспЩa

- 130 -

соБси╡со╣ тАл╫ЭтАмсо╣ ╟Нс│Сскб ┼Эс▒╢

римрзВ рджрдЭр░о рйШрж╕▀И раБ╥Крв▓ ╙ЭраД р│Р█ирйРриХрп╝

тк╣─Ю с╕бсЧоaтАл▄ЖтАмсЦТ сФ╛р╛Э▌Есз▓сЦТ сЕХткЩ сжйс▒ерб╜ ╩Стме сп▒сйСс░НтзХси▒ тАл тж╜▌бтАмсЕЦсм▒р▓Ж

тбН┼ес▒в ─Юс▒╜}сБ╜ сЩ╣спжсКй┼Е┼Э ╩СсжетЩХтК╣ сЗйтакреТ qсЧн спЭсп▒р╕Н сБ░ сФ╛сФСс▒в ┼БсмКсЕХс░Ж

тактк╡скб сжйсЕХ

спЩ╟н такреТ с╕бсЧоaтАл▄ЖтАмсЦТ

тбОр▓Ж сЗес░в тж║тАл▌бтАмр▓╜сЗбтЦС сп▒соБ сЗес░всиз█╡ тГ╜сйвсп▒см▒ спХсмК

тбН┼ес▒в сФНтлн}сБ╜ с▒втАл тж╜▌ЪтАмсйвсз▓ сз▓с╕йсо╣ ╞▒соВ сФНр╕╛р╖Б сБ░ с╕йсД▓р╖Б qсЧн сз▓сЦТтакреТ ╦Й╥╕тж╜ р╛Э снесФ╛сЬ╜сЦЕсо╣ сЕХтаЩс▒в спХсмК

рйЙ р│Р█ирйРриХрп╝тАл ╫ЧтАмримрзВрйД рк▒риГ тАлрйЙрй╕▌╛тАмрйЧ риЧроЧрйЛ р▓гр┤Ързм ржЙраБ рвОр┤е╥ГркБрй╕ ╤Р▀К рйЛ╙В ▀В р┤Ь╥Гри╕ ╙Рр┤ЛрйУ╤▒ ▀ИрзФр│ЮрзУ╥К ╓Щ рйЙр┤▒ ╤Р▀КрйДркБ ╓дрйД▄│ ридр│а римриКр│а ╙ЭраДрй╕ р▒г╥Ч ╙Эрк│ри╕ ркБрджр│отАл ╫Ч╫отАм р▓г╨╛▄│ ▀ЙржУтАл ╫отАм рйЙ▄│ р░╖тАл █╜╪АтАмримрзВрйД ╤Р▀К ╥Щ█▓ ╙Э╥│тАл ╫ЧтАмржб рзИ╤Р ╥┤╨╛рзАрв▓ ╥┤╨╛▀╣ р┤ИрйД▄│ рлУр│пр│ЮрзУ╥К ╤РрйД ╙ЦтАл ▀е█╜тАм рйДркБ раЫр▓г┘б рзФржи╥Ч рдзтАл█ЭтАмржЙраБ ╤в▀б╓ДрдЭ рв┐рйв╥Ч ╥КриК ╤В┘б рзШ▀С╥Ч р│зргЧ ╤д╤К ╥орин р┤Ь╥Грй╕ рлСргШ╨╛тАлрйЛ ▀В рв┐╫ЮтАм╥│ тАл ркБ▐ЩтАмрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а ╙ЦтАл ▀е█╜тАмрм░риЧрйД ╓дрйД▄│ р░╛р│з рйД╤╝ри╕ рг╗█┤р│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв ╥Крид╙Щ р▓Б╓Е ╓Щ риШ m ╓Щ риШ

римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйври╖ ╓Щ риШ римрзВ рджрдЭр░о рйШрж╕▀И раБ╥Крв▓ ▀К╤А рлТр┤▒ ╥┤ркБрй╕рйЛ рй╖тАлрвОрйЛ▌║тАмрзм рдж▐╣рвОр┤е р▓ир│г раЩржа▀╣ рй╣тАл▐ЩтАм╨╛тАл █╜тАм╥│рв┐тАл рйД▌║ ╪╗тАм╥Крид╙Щ р▓Б╓Е )-1 )JHI -FWFM 1BOFM PO UIF 1PTU %FWFMPQNFOU "HFOEB ри╕ ╥│рв┐р│ЮрзУтАлрг╗ркБ╥Г ╫отАмрк│рзА тАлрв╢ ▄▓┘отАмрлУ╥┤ рдир╡Ь╥┤ ▀В ╤РтАл╪итАм╥┤ ╙Т▄╗╥К тАл ▀╣▄й╪АтАм рлСрзЙржЙ▀У▄│ ╥К█░р│ЮрзИ %BWJE $BNFSPO рзФ╥┤ рни▄╗ &MMFO +PIOTPOT 4JSMFBG тАл▄╗▀мрйЙ█ДтАмржЗ тАлр░╛╪АтАм█╕ ╙Т▄╗╥К 4VTJMP # :VEIPZPOP рйЛтАл╓О╪итАмрджржЗ тАлр░╛╪АтАм█╕рйЙ ╥ХтАлрйД╪▓тАмрйври╡тАл █╜тАмрйРтАл ╫орж╗╪║▌║тАмр│а╥┤рзАрв▓тАл ╫ЧтАм╙грв┐р┤Ь рй╣ рз╗╥о р░╛рвЪ раЧ рйв╥ЩрйЙ р▓ир│гтАл ╫орж╗╪║тАм ╥Крид╙Щ р▓Б╓Ери╖ 1PTU рзА тАл╪АтАмр│з ╨┐╥ЕрйД рйД╤╝ри╕ рг╗█┤р│Ю╥К р▓Б╓ЕрйД рйЧрнУ ╓дрйД▄│ р░╛р│з рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйврзА╤▒ рйД╤╝рв▓▄│ ркБрн╣р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╥ЧркБ▄│ раЧрзИ▀ЙржУтАлрйЙ ╫отАмрзА тАл █Д┘отАм╥Крид╙Щ р▓Б╓Ери╖ ╓Щ риШ╙йрлС ржб ╤РриШ тАл╪▓тАмржЙ █атАлра║█╜▐А ╪НтАмржЗ ▀К▄╗ ┘б ╨┐ тАл▄й╪АтАмри╕ рг╜р┤ер│ЮтАл ╓О ▌┤тАмрм░█╣ рдж▐╣рвОр┤е ▀В тАл╫отАмржир│а рйЙр│з╥Щ╥ЕрйЧрзмрйД тАл╪АтАмр┤Ъ▄│ ╤Ррннр│ЮрзУтАл ▄│рйЙ ╫отАмр░╖тАл ╓Щ █╜╪АтАмриШ rрвЬтАл█╜тАмриН ╙ЦтАл ▀е█╜тАмр▒╡р▒Я╓Брдн рлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│а ▀Крй╣ри╕ р░╛р│а ра╝╥Мр▒ГроЦрзм ▀╕р┤Дрй╕ ╥ГркБs тАлраБ рйД▌╛ркБ █ЖтАм╥Крв▓▄│ римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйврзА╤▒ ркБрн╣р│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм рйЙ раБ╥Крв▓тАл рв╜╫о ╫ЧтАм╨╛рлСрйД рй╣р┤Ьрй╕ ╥ЧркБ▄│ ркБрджр│ЮтАл ▄│рйЙ рв▓▌╢тАмрдкр┤Ер│Ю╙Э ридр│а ╤РрйД ╥│рнУрй╕рйЛ тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рзм ╙ТрзА рвЪри╜р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╤РрйД рлСр▓┤▄│ ркБрджр│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм ╞ЗсЭпр╝ЧтЛ┐спТ 6/ )-1 6/ )JHI MFWFM 1BOFM PG &NJOFOU 1FSTPOT PO UIF 1PTU %FWFMPQNFOU "HFOEB IUUQ XXX QPTU IMQ PSH

скУсйЖс▓ор╝╗спТ " /FX (MPCBM 1BSUOFSTIJQ &SBEJDBUF 1PWFSUZ BOE 5SBOTGPSN&DPOPNJFT UISPVHI 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU IUUQ XXX QPTU IMQ PSH XQ DPOUFOU VQMPBET 6/ 3FQPSU QEG

1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜рпб р╛ХсииспЩa

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соБси╡со╣ тАл╫ЭтАмсо╣ ╟Нс│Сскб ┼Эс▒╢

╥Крид╙Щ р▓Б╓Е раБ╥Крв▓рйД тАлрв╜╫отАм╨╛рлС рй╣р┤Ьрй╕ ╥ЧркБ ╦Э тАл ╫▒тАмр│а рвОтАлрз╗ргЧ ╪и█ИтАмрджр░ГрлС ржЛри╕ ╤к ╦Ю рлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│а ▀Крй╣ри╕ р│ирдмрзА тАл ┘ДтАм╤к ╦Я рйМрйЧ▄╗ рм╣рн╣╥Ч р▓ириКрй╕ рв┐рйври╕ ридр│а ╥ГркБтАлрй╣ █╜тАмр┤Ьр│б ╤к ╦а р▓гр┤ЪтАл▄ВтАм╥К р┤м╥Чрй╕рйЙтАл ▌┤тАм╤Р▀Срй╕рйЙ╥К рм╝тАл рв┐▐ЦтАмрйУтАл ▄│╪иркБ ╫ЧтАм╥│рн╖р│б ╤к ╦б рвЬтАл█╜тАмриН ╙ЦтАл ▀е█╜тАмр▒╡р▒Я╓Брднри╕ рг╗▌Ар│б ╤к

╥Крид╙Щ р▓Б╓Е раБ╥Крв▓рйД ╤Р тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤ ра╝╥МркЩрдз ргЧ╓Ч ▀В рзИрв┐рзЙтАл█ЭтАм╤Кр┤Ързм рв┐р▓г┘б ржирлХрйД ╥орин╥Ч р▓грвд╥орин ркБ╥Х ╤д╤Кр│а рвХрйД раБрйв рдзтАл█ЭтАмржЙраБ ▀В ржирлХрйД рзФржи раБрйв рдзрг╗рзм ридрвдрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а раБр▓Юрй╕ рй╜╙Ф тАлрв┐╫│тАм рлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│а рзА╓БрлС р┤ЫраБ рйМрйЧ▄╗ рлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│а рвд╥Ерзм ╥Хр▓гр│а рв┐рйврйД рм╣рн╣ рнМрзЛрйЧриЧрйЧрвСрйД рлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│а ╥Щ▄╗ тАл рй╕▀з▌╜тАм╤в▀б╓ДрдЭрзм р┤м╥Чрй╕рйЛ ркБтАлраБ рйД╪итАмрйв ржЙрй┐рй╕рйЙ╥К р▓гр┤ЪтАл█╜тАмриН рвОр┤ерйД ╥│рн╖ ╙ЦтАл▀е█╜тАмрм░риЧрйД риЛр┤Ррй╕ р┤Ь╥ГркСрв┐╥Ч рйв╙Эрй╕ рйдриЧркСрв┐ рнврлУ

римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв раБ╥Крв▓ ╓Щ риШ

римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйври╖ ╓Щ риШ римрзВ рджрдЭр░о рйШрж╕▀И раБ╥Крв▓рзм ╥Крид╙Щр▓Б╓ЕрйД раБ╥Крв▓▄│ рм╡ркСр│ЮрзИ tтАл▌╜тАм┘Ъ рвОтАл█ИтАмри╕ ридр│а ркУрж╖р│а рвХu " MJGF PG EJHOJUZ GPS BMM рйЙтАлраБ рйД▌╛ркБ █ЖтАм╥Крв▓ " ▄│ римрзВ рнир┤ерзА ркБрн╣р│ЮрзУтАлраБ рйЙ ╫отАм╥Крв▓тАл ╫ЧтАм╙ЭркУрйД .%(T рйЙр│прв┐╥ЧрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а р▓г╨╛рзм р│г╘Л рвЬтАл█╜тАмриН ╤РтАл █╜тАм╥│рв┐тАл ╪╗тАм ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤▄│ ркБрджр│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм╙Т▄╗╥К р┤м╥Чрй╕рйЛ тАл╫д▌╜тАмр░а▌В╥Ч рв┐╥Ч ╥Щ▄╗▄│ ридр│з тАлрйЙ╪ШтАмр░а ╥Щ▄╗рйД рк║риГрв┐ри╕ ╤КркСр│ЮрзУтАлраБ рйЙ ╫отАм╥Крв▓рзАрв▓ ркБрджтАл ╪╗тАм╤Р тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤тАл ╫ЧтАм╥Крид╙Щ р▓Б╓ЕрйД ╤Р тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рзА ра║р│з ржирй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАмрлРтАл ╪АтАм тАлрж╗╪║тАмри╕ рб║ ▌Е ржЗтАл █Д╫дтАмрлХрй╕рйЛ роПтАл▌╢тАмрзАрв▓тАл ╪итАм╤Ррв╢тАл ╫Ч╫орж╗╪║тАмр▓г╨╛▄│ ▀ЙржУтАл ╫отАм рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйврйД раБ╥Крв▓тАлра╝ ╫ЧтАм╥МркЩрдз ╥орин раБ╤д рлРрлУ рйМрйЧ▄╗ раБрйв ┘б ╥Крид╙Щ р▓Б╓ЕрйЙ ркБрджр│а тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рз╗рзА ╙Эр┤▒▀╕р┤Ързм р┤Ь╥ГтАл ркБ▐ЩтАм╙Т▄╗╥К раЫр▓г┘б╥Ч ▀УркБ▄│ ╨┐╨┐ ▀╣тАл▌╛ рйД╪итАмр▓┤тАлркБ █╜тАмрджр│ЮрзУ╥К ╥┤ркБрйЙрк▒ рйЛ╥│▀╕р┤Ъ тАл╪итАмрджр┤Ъ▄│ рвЬтАл▄ВтАм╤▒ рн╢╨╛р│ЮрзУтАлрйЙ ╫отАм╤Нри╖ ▀╕р┤ЪтАл ╫ЧтАм╥Крид╙Щ р▓Б╓Е╥Ч ▄╗риЛ рйД ╤╛╥Ч▄│ рннтАл╪АтАмр│а ▀ИрзФр│ЮрзИ р░╛р│дтАл ╪╗тАм╥ХтАл▌Е ▄│ркБрйД рйД╪▓тАм┘Ь╥КрйЧ р│а рйДрлС╨╛ ▀ИрзФтАл ╪╗тАм╤кри╡тАл ╫орйЛраБ █╜тАм ╥Крид╙Щ р▓Б╓Е раБ╥Крв▓тАл ╪итАм╙Т█Юр│орлС▌Е римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйврйД раБ╥Крв▓тАлра╝ ╫ЧтАм╥М╥Ч рлСргШ╨╛тАлрй╣▀К╫ЮтАмрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а римрзВрйД ╙ЭраДрй╕рйЛ рйСрйври╕ ▀ИрзФр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм╙Т█Ю╒б римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв раБ╥Крв▓╨╛ ╥Крид╙Щ р▓Б╓Е раБ╥Крв▓рзА ра║р│з ╥┤ркБ рдж▐╣рвОр┤ерйД рйД╤╝ри╕ ╪К ▀ИрзФр│отАл ╫Ч╫отАмр▓г╨╛▄│ ▀ЙржУтАл ╫отАмрк▒тАлрйЙ ╪╗тАмримтАл ╫ЧтАмр│а╥┤ рдж▐╣рвОр┤е▄│ р▓ир│гр│з ╥┤ркБ рдж▐╣рвОр┤е╨╛ рлСргШрй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАмрк▒рйвр│зрз│┘арйЙ раЫр▓г┘бри╕ тАл╪йтАмрйЧрй╕ тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤тАлрй┐рв╕ █╜тАмр│зржа р│атАл ╫Ч╫отАмрк▒рйврйЙ рг╗риКтАлрж╗╪║тАм╥К рм╝тАл▌л рв┐▐ЦтАмро┤тАлрй╕╪АрвЪ рйЙрлН╫дтАмри╡тАл █╜тАм╪К рк║риГр│Ю╤▒ тАл▄Ц╫отАмржпркО╙Э тАл ╫орж╗рйЙ▐Щ┘╕тАм

1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜рпб р╛ХсииспЩa

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ᮁᨵ᮹ ‫ם‬᮹ Ǎ᳑᪡ ŝᱶ

ਬূ ࢎ‫ޖ‬୨੢ ࠁҊࢲ੄ ѐ ‫ݾ‬಴

‫ݽ‬ٚ ઙ‫࠼ ੄ܨ‬Ҍ ృ஖ ߓઁ৬ ࠛಣ١ ೧Ѿ ৈࢿҗ ࣗ֗੄ ӂೠ ъച ন૕੄ Үਭҗ ಣࢤҮਭ ઁҕ ࠁѤૐ૓ ӝറ߸ച ജ҃‫ઁޙ‬ ನਊ੸੉Ҋ ૑ࣘо‫מ‬ೠ ࢿ੢җ ন૕੄ ੌ੗ܻ ૐ૓ ӝই৬ ৔নपઑ ઙध ੋҳ‫ઁޙ‬ ੉઱޹੄ ӛ੿੸ ӝৈ ъച ‫ب‬दച੄ ‫੹ب‬ ಣച৬ ߨ஖৬ Ѥъೠ ઁ‫ب‬ী ӝ߈ਸ ‫ ك‬ബҗ੸ Ѣߡքझҳ୷ ࣧन‫ ػ‬Ӗ‫ߥ۽‬౵౟ցभ ઑࢿ Ҵઁѐߊഈ۱ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ ъച

ਭৃ ૒ࣙп‫੺ߋן‬ദ੅ ܼ਌ ೑‫ࣂ۾‬ञ ਬূ ࢎ‫ޖ‬୨੢ ೐‫ࣁ۽‬झо ਬূ ࢎ‫ޖ‬Ҵ ߂ द޹ࢎഥ੄ ੑ੢ਸ ࢚‫੸؀‬ਵ‫ ۽‬؊ ‫߸؀‬ೠ‫ ݶ׮‬ਬূ ૑ࣘо‫੹ߊמ‬ഥ੄ ܻ਋ җ੿਷ ഥਗҴ੄ ҙबࢎܳ ࠁ‫߈ ੉݆ ׮‬৔ೞҊ ੓‫׮‬Ҋ ೡ ࣻ ੓‫ ੉ ׮‬ ܻ਋ ೐‫ࣁ۽‬झ‫ ח‬௼ѱ ই‫ ੄ې‬җ੿ਵ‫ ۽‬૓೯‫غ‬Ҋ ੓‫ ׮‬ ↟ ਬূ ૑ࣘо‫੹ߊמ‬ഥ੄ ܻ਋ ֙ ਘ

↟ ૑ࣘо‫ݾ੹ߊמ‬಴ ҕѐ੘স߈ 08( 4%(T ֙ ਘ m ֙ ਘ

↟ ૑ࣘо‫ ੹ߊמ‬Ҋਤә੿஖ನۢ )-1' ֙ ਘ

↟ ૑ࣘо‫੹ߊמ‬੤ਗ ੿ࠗр ੹‫ޙ‬о ਤਗഥ ֙ ਘ m ֙ ਘ ਬূ ૑ࣘо‫מ‬ೠߊ੹ഥ੄ ܻ਋ ֙ ਘ

ਬূ਷ ֙ ਘ ࠳‫ۄ‬૕ ܻ਋ ‫ ؘ‬੗֎੉‫۽‬ীࢲ ֙ ܻ਋ ജ҃ഥ੄ ઱֙ਸ ‫੉ݏ‬ೞৈ ૑ࣘо‫੹ߊמ‬ഥ੄ 6/$4% mܻ਋ ܳ ѐ୭ೞ৓‫ ׮‬ഥ੄੄ ੄ઁ‫ ח‬r૑ࣘо‫מ‬ೠߊ੹җ ࠼Ҍృ஖ ‫ۅݓ‬ীࢲ੄ ֣࢝҃ઁs৬ r૑ࣘо‫מ‬ೠ ߊ੹ਸ ਤೠ ઁ‫ ੸ب‬೐ۨ੐ਕ௼s ৓ਵ‫੸ݾ ݴ‬਷ ֙ ܻ਋ ജ҃ഥ੄৬ ֙ ਃೞ֎झߡӒ ૑ࣘо‫࢚੿੹ߊמ‬ഥ੄ ܻ਋ 844% ੄ Ѿҗী ‫؀‬ೠ ੉೯ അടҗ ୭Ӕ੄ ࢜‫۽‬਍ ‫੹ب‬ਸ ౵ঈೞҊ ૑ࣘо‫੹ߊמ‬ਸ ਤೠ ࢜‫۽‬਍ ੿஖੸ ডࣘਸ ੉Ցয ղ‫ ח‬ Ѫ੉঻‫ ׮‬ ֙р੄ ળ࠺җ੿ਸ Ѣ୛ ৌܽ ഥ੄ীࢲ ૑ࣘо‫ݾ੹ߊמ‬಴ 4%(T ղਊ੉ ‫׸‬ӟ r਋ܻо ਗೞ‫ ח‬ ޷‫ې‬s‫ ੄ݾઁ ۆ‬Ѿҗ ‫ࢲޙ‬о ଻ఖ‫ ׮঻غ‬Ѿҗ‫ חࢲޙ‬1PTU ֙ ੉റ ѐߊ੄ઁীࢲ ‫ܖ׮‬যঠ ೡ ղਊਸ ૑ࣘо‫ݾ੹ߊמ‬಴ 4%(T ‫ܴ੉ ۆ‬ೞী ࣻ݀ ਗ஗җ ӝળਸ ઁदೞ৓‫ ׮‬ӒܻҊ ੉ܳ ҳ୓੸ਵ‫੄֤ ۽‬ೡ ૑ࣘо‫מ‬ೠߊ੹‫ݾ‬಴ प‫ޖ‬੘স߈ 08( 4%(T җ ૑ࣘо‫ ੹ߊמ‬ҙ۲ ੿଼ਸ ֤੄ೞ‫ ۽بઁ ח‬૑ࣘо‫מ‬ೠߊ੹ Ҋਤә੿஖ನۢ )-1' ҳࢿী ೤੄ೞ৓‫ ੉ ׮‬Ҋਤә੿஖ನۢ ࢸ݀ਸ ҅ӝ‫ࢎઁ҃ ֙ ۽‬ഥ੉ࢎഥ &$040$ ࢑ೞী ࢸ݀‫ ػ‬૑ࣘо‫੹ߊמ‬ਤਗഥ $4% ܳ ತ૑ೞӝ‫ ۽‬Ѿ੿ೞ৓‫ ׮‬

1PTU }ၽ᮹ᱽ௡ ྕᨨᯙa

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соБси╡со╣ тАл╫ЭтАмсо╣ ╟Нс│Сскб ┼Эс▒╢

р│ар▓Ю рвЬтАл█╜тАмриН р│Р█ирйРриХрп╝ ╥Щ█▓р│ЮрзИ римрзВр┤Ь╥Г╥Ер┤ж 6/&1 ри╕ ╤Кр┤Ър│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАмржЙри╖ ргБ╥Ер┤Ь╥Г╙Э╥│▄│ рдирв╕р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм тАл╪АтАмрди ╙ЭркУрйД ╤Р ╥┤╨╛тАл █╜тАм╥│рв┐тАл ╪╗тАм6/&1 рлШр│прйЙрвОр┤е▄│ тАлрнУ╪АтАмр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАмримрзВ р┤Ь╥Грнир┤е▄│ 6/&" ▄│ рдирв╕р│Ю╙ЭтАл █╜тАм╤╛рй┐р│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАмримрзВрйД тАл▌╜тАм┘Ъ р┤ериЧ╥┤╨╛╨╛ рм╡рзИр│б рг╗ рйУтАл ╫ЧтАмримрзВ р┤Ь╥Грнир┤етАл ╫о▌Г╓Щ ╫ЧтАмрзМ▄╗тАл ╪Ш╫ЧтАм рнР р┤ерйДтАл ╓Щ ╫ЧтАмриШ ро╛╒╗ ╒брйЙтАлра║█╜тАмрзАрв▓ ╤РрннтАл ╪╝тАмрзШрй┐рйЙтАл ╫отАм рлСргШ╨╛тАл▌╛рй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр▓┤ ╥Х╤РрйШрж╕▀И 08( 4%(T ╓Щ риШ m ╓Щ риШ

▄╗риЛ р┤ерйД╤╛рй┐рзА тАл▀зрн╣ █Д┘отАмр│а рлСргШ╨╛тАл▌╛рй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр▓┤ ╥Х╤РрйШрж╕▀ИрйД ╥ЧркБтАл▄╗ ╫ЧтАмриЛ ╤╛╥ЧтАлрв▓▐ЩтАмрзА тАл╫╕тАм╙Я ╒▓риКри╕ р░╖тАл █╜╪АтАм.%(T▄│ тАлрнУ╪АтАмр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм1PTU ╤Р▀КрйДркБрйД ╒▓риКри╕ ╥│рв┐р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╤к рйЙрж╗тАл▄╗ ╫отАмриЛ

р┤ерйДтАл╫о ╫ЧтАмржир│а рйЙр│з╥Щ╥ЕрйЧ╨╛ рм╡рзИр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАмр▓ириКрй╕рйЙ╥К р▒ИтАл▌║тАмр│а рй┐раЧ╤Ар┤ИрвЪри╕ р░╛р│з римрзВрнир┤ерзАрв▓ р│дрйДр│ЮтАл█╜рвЬ ╫ЧтАмриН ╙ЦтАл ▀е█╜тАм╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤▄│ ▌Е┘Ь╙ЭтАл █╜тАмр│дрйДр│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАмримрзВри╖ ╓Щ риШраЧр░а ╓Щ риШ╙йрлС рм░█╣ р┤ерйДрйМрй┐ри╡тАл █╜тАм╥Х╤РрйШрж╕▀Ир┤ерйД▄│ ╤Ррннр│ЮрзУтАл ▄│рйД╓д рйЙ ╫отАмр░╖тАл █╜╪АтАм╥Х╤РрйШрж╕▀Ири╖ ╓Щ риШ ╤РрйД рк║рй╝рзФрзЙри╕ рв╢рй┐р│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм р│ар▓Ю ╥Х╤Р рйШрж╕▀Ири╕ тАл╪АтАмр▓┤р│ЮрзИ ╥ХтАлрйД╪▓тАмрйври╖ ╤Р рк║рй╝рзФрзЙ╤АрйД рзЛ╥Ерзм ╥Щ█▓ ргБраЧтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤ ▀В рлС╙Ш╙йрлС р│дрйДтАл ╪╗тАм╤╛рй┐ ╒▓риКри╕ тАл╫╕тАмри╖ тАл▀К ▄│рв▓▐ЩтАмр▓┤р│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм╙Т▄╗╥К ╓Щ риШ╙йрлС р┤ерзА ╤жрнЫ ╥│рнУрй╕рйЛ тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рзм ргБраЧтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤ ▀В рлСр▓┤рзА тАл╪АтАмр│а ╓дрйД▄│ рлУр│пр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм

╤Р рк║рй╝рзФрзЙ 'PDVT "SFBT

ра╝╥Мр▒ГроЦ рдзтАл█ЭтАмржЙраБрзм рзФржи ╤д╤Кр┤Ъ рйЛ╥│тАл ркБ▐ЩтАм╥орин рв┐р▓г┘б╥Ч рзИрв┐╙Вр│а ╤Кр┤Ъ рдзрг╗рзм ридрвд рзА╓БрлС ╥ГркБрв┐рйв рвСрж╕р┤Ъ рйЛр│РтАл▌╜ █ДтАм┘Ъ рвОтАл█ИтАмри╕ ридр│а ╥КриК╥Ч ржирлХрйД рйМрйЧ▄╗ р▓г┘брлРрлУ рлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│а тАл╪итАмрджрзм рйЛ╤Арй┐рк▒ рлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│а ргЧра║рзм рвдрвС ╙Эр┤▒ р│зржирйЧриЧ╥Ч ▀ДтАлрвд ╫отАмр░Х╥Ерзм ркЩтАл╫отАмржирв┐ рйЙр│прг╗тАл ╫▒тАмр▓гр┤Ърй╕рйЙ╥К ра║р▓й█▒рй╕ рвОр┤ерзм тАл╫ЮтАм█▒рйУтАл ╫ЧтАм╥Х╥Х╙Э╥Щ

рлСргШ╨╛тАл рй╣▀К╫ЮтАм╥Крид╙Щрй┐роЦр▓и█в )-1' ╓Щ риШ рйМ

▄╗риЛ р┤ерйДтАл▄╗ ╓Щ ╫ЧтАмриЛр┤Ь╥Гр┤ерйД рлТр┤▒ ╥ГркБрвОр┤ерйЙрвОр┤е &$040$ рвСр│Ю╙ЭтАл╫ЮтАмридриЧр┤етАл █╜тАмрдирв╕тАл ╪╗тАм рлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│а▀Крй╣ридриЧр┤е $4% ▄│ ╤Кр┤Ъ тАлрнУ╪АтАмр│ЮтАл█╜рвЬ ╫ЧтАмриН ркБтАл █╜╪итАмрлСргШ╨╛тАлрй╣▀К╫ЮтАм╥Крид╙Щрй┐роЦр▓и█в )-1 ' ри╕ рдирв╕р│Ю╙ЭтАл █╜тАм╤╛рй┐р│ЮрзУтАлрйЙ ╫отАмрзАтАл ╓Щ █Д┘отАмриШ рйМ тАл╫ПтАмриДрзАрв▓ рнР рй┐рвЪ╙Щ р┤ерйД▄│ ╤Ррнн р│ЮрзУ╥К ╓Щ риШ рнР рйв╥Щ╙Щ р┤ерйД▄│ ╤Ррннр│б рзШрй┐рйЙтАл рйЙ ╫отАм╥Крид╙Щрй┐роЦр▓и█ври╖ ╓ЩрзА р│а ▀г ржА римрзВрнир┤е╙Э╤А рк║ рй┐рвЪр┤ерйД р┤Лрдзри╡тАл █╜тАм╤Ррннр│ЮтАл ╓Щ▌Т ▌┤тАмримрзВ ╥ГркБрвОр┤ерйЙрвОр┤е рк▒╥Щри╡тАл █╜тАмрйв╥ЩрйЙ рм╡рзИр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╥Крид╙Щ ргБргМри╕ р▓ир│гр│а ╥Чрй┐рйЙтАл ╫отАм рйЙ р▓и█ври╖ рлСргШ╨╛тАлркБрйД рй╣▀К╫ЮтАмрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а римрзВрм░риЧрйД рй┐роЦрй╕ ▄╗╪Крднри╕ ▀Кр╡Гр│Ю╥К ╓Щ раЧр░а рджр│птАл ╫Ч╪║тАм рвЬтАл█╜тАмриН ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рйД рйЙр│прзА тАл╪АтАмр│а рй┐рм╝ркСрй┐ ▀В р▓г╨╛рзЙр│бри╕ рг╗р│п р│б рзШрй┐рйЙтАл ╫отАм рлСргШ╨╛тАлрй╣▀К╫ЮтАмрйдриЧри╕ ридр│а рй┐раЧ╤А рй╣тАл▐ЩтАм╨╛ридриЧр┤е ╓Щ риШm ╓Щ риШ

р│ар▓Ю римрзВри╖ ▄╗риЛ р┤ерйД╤╛рй┐рзА тАлрйЙ ╓Щ █Д┘отАмр┤▒ ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤ рйЙр│при╕ ридр│а рйдриЧтАл ▄Щ╫о ▄│ркБ▐ЩтАм рлСргШ╨╛тАл рй╣▀К╫ЮтАмрйдриЧрй┐раЧ╤А рй╣тАл▐ЩтАм╨╛ридриЧр┤е▄│ ╥│рв┐р│ЮрзУтАл╪АраЧрй┐ рйД▌║ ╫отАмр▓┤тАл █╜тАм╥│рв┐тАл рйЙ ╪╗тАмридриЧр┤етАл ╫ЧтАм ╓Щ риШ рнР р┤ерйД▄│ ╤Ррннр│ЮрзУ╥К ╓Щ риШ╙йрлС рм░█╣ р┤ерйД▄│ рзМржп ╓Щ ркБ рм░ римрзВрнир┤ерзА рйдриЧ▌Г█▓ри╕ ридр│а рй╣█ЪраБ╥Крв▓▄│ ркБрн╣р│б рзШрй┐рйЙтАл ╫отАм

1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜рпб р╛ХсииспЩa

- 134 -

соБси╡со╣ тАл╫ЭтАмсо╣ ╟Нс│Сскб ┼Эс▒╢

ринрзГ рнйр┤ж римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйврзА╤▒ 1PTU ╤Р▀КрйДркБрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а ╥Ер┤жржЙ ркБрн╣ри╕ риГрнТр│а ╓Щ римрзВ рнир┤е ╤╛рйДржЙ рм╗р░Ц рйЙр┤▒ римрзВрйД рнн╥К рйДрвО╤╛рй┐╙Э╥│рйЛ римрзВ рнир┤етАл ╫ЧтАмр┤ериЧ╥┤рйД рк║рлС▄│ тАл▌╜тАмржЗ ╓дрйДрйД ▀Ср│▒╥Ч ▀Срдзри╕ ╤╛рй┐р│зрз│тАл ╫отАм ╓Щ ркБ рм░ римрзВ рнир┤етАл▄╗ ╫ЧтАмриЛ р┤ерйДрйД ╤╛╥Чрзм 1PTU ╓дрйД ╥Чрй┐ри╕ рзЛ╥Ер│зрв▓ р░╛р│дрй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАм рн╢рлУр│Ю╙ЭтАл █╜тАм╤╛рй┐р│ЮрзУтАлрй╣рйЙ ╫отАмрзА римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйв╥Ч ▄╗риЛ р┤ерйДрйД тАлрн╖ ┘БтАмри╡тАл █╜тАм╒бтАл╓╛тАмржп рлУр│птАл ╪Н╪║тАм ╓дрйДтАл ркБ ╓Щ ╫ЧтАмрм░ римрзВрнир┤е▄│ ╥Е╙ЭтАл █╜тАмр│Ю╒бтАлр░╛ █╜тАмр│дтАл╪║тАмржп рлУр│птАл╪║тАм╥К рйУтАл ркБ ╓Щ ╫отАмрм░ римрзВ рнир┤е ╙Э╤Арк║рйЛ риШ рйМ рнР рлСргШ╨╛тАл рй╣▀К╫ЮтАм╥Крид╙Щрй┐роЦр▓и█ври╕ рй┐рвЪр┤ерйД р┤Лрдзри╡тАл █╜тАмрзМрж╗╥К риШ рйМ .%(TрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а р▒а▀╣р│првО▄│ ╤Ррннр│ЮрзИ 1PTU рйД р│▒р┤▒ ▀Ср│▒╥Ч ▀СрдзрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а ╓дрйД " - ▄│ р│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм ╓Щ ркБ рм░ римрзВ рнир┤ерзАрв▓тАл ╫ЧтАм╥│рнУрй╕рйЛ тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рзА тАл╪АтАмр│а р┤ИрвЪри╕ рджрйШр│ЮрзИ рй┐рвЪр┤ерйД р┤Лрдзри╡тАл █╜тАм ╤РрннтАл ркБ ╓Щ ╫Ч╪║тАмрм░ рнир┤ерзАрв▓ рвЬтАл█╜тАмриН тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рзА тАл╪АтАмр│а р│дрйД▄│ р│б рзШрй┐рйЙтАл ╫отАмр│ар▓Ю рвЬ ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤ рйЙр│п ╓Щ р┤▒рйЛ ╓ЩримрзВри╖ рй┐рвЪр┤ерйД▄│ ╤Ррннр│ЮрзИ ╓Щ╤А рйЙр│првЪр┤ЯрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а р▓г╨╛▄│ р│б рзШрй┐рйЙтАл ╫отАм

р┤н╥Шрй╣рйМ ╤С▀Лр┤Й█▓ри╣ риер│б ╙ЧтАл ▀ж█╛тАмр▒╢р▒а╓Врдо *3('& ╓Щ ▌И раЧрвСрзАрв▓ ╤РрннтАл╥ЕргБ ╪╗тАм╤Р▀КриЧркСрнир┤е )-' тАл ╫ЧтАмrр┤м╥Чрй╕рйЛ ╤Р▀Кр┤И█▒ри╕ ридр│а раЧрвС р▒╡р▒Я╓Брдн #1&%$ sри╕ рйЙр│пр│Ю╙Э ридр│з ╓Щ риШ rр┤м╥Чрй╕ ╤Р▀Кр┤И█▒ри╕ ридр│а ╙ЦтАл ▀е█╜тАмр▒╡р▒Я╓Брдн (1&%$ sрйЙ рн╣▀зр│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм0&$%рзм 6/%1╨╛ ╥ХтАл╪▓тАмри╡тАл▐ЦрвО █╜тАм╥┤ри╡тАл █╜тАмриНрзФр│ЮтАл( ╫ЧтАм1&%$тАл █╛ра║ ╫ЧтАм6/рйД ╥Хрдз ркБтАл ╫Ч╪итАм ржЗтАл╫дтАмрлС▌Е 1PTU ╓дрйДрзАрв▓ рйЙр│прг╗тАл ╫▒тАмр▒ар╡д 0%"┘б ╥┤ркБ╤Р▀Кр┤И█▒ раЩржарзАрв▓ рк║риГр│а ркБтАл █╜╪итАм рк▒тАл▀Й▌╛тАм╥К рйУтАл ╫отАмрлК 1PTU ╨╛ ╓Щ рйЙр┤▒ ╥┤ркБ╤Р▀КрйД ╒▓риК 8IBU ри╕ тАл( ▌╢╫о▄Ш╫отАм1&%$тАл ╫ЧтАм рйЙр│прг╗тАл ╫▒тАмржптАл┌МтАм╤▒ )PX ▄│ тАл╫о▄Ш╫отАм╥К р│б рг╗ рйУтАл ╫отАм ╓Щ риШ рйМ тАл▌мтАмрджрпПрджр▒нрзАрв▓ рзМ▄╗тАл ╫ЧтАм╥Крид╙Щ р┤ерйД )-. рзАрв▓тАл рвСраЧ ╫ЧтАмрнир┤е рйЙр┤▒ раЧрвСр▒╡р▒Я╓Брдн рйЙр│прзА тАл╪АтАмр│а р▓г╨╛ ▀В рлСр▓┤рзА тАл╪АтАмр│а ╓дрйД▄│ р│б рзШрй┐рйЛтАл ╪ШтАм1PTU ╤Р▀КрйДркБрзмрйД рзЛ╥ЕрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а ╓дрйДтАл▄ЦрйЙ ╪итАмржпрлХ рй╣тАл ╫орйЙ▌ОтАм ржЗтАл рйД█РтАмр▓┤тАл ╓Щ ╫ЧтАмримрзВ рнир┤е рйЙр┤▒ ╓Щ ▌И╙йрлС 1PTU ╥Щ█▓ рк▒риГ ╥┤ркБр┤ерйДрзм р│првО▄│ рзЛтАл▄╗рй┐ █╜▀╣╪итАмр│а ╤крйЙтАл ╫отАм

1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜рпб р╛ХсииспЩa

- 135 -

ᮁᨵ᮹ ‫ם‬᮹ Ǎ᳑᪡ ŝᱶ

1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ ҙ۲ ઱ਃ Ҵઁഥ੄৬ ೯ࢎ

֙ ਘ ઁ ର ਬূѐߊഈ۱ನۢ 6/%$' ‫׏‬਄ ֙ ਘ ઁ ର ਬূ ୨ഥ ‫׏‬਄ m 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ ҙ۲ Ѿ੄উ ଻ఖ ֙ ਘ ઁ ର ( ੿࢚ഥ੄ ࢲ਎

֙ ਘ ਬূ ઁ ର ୭࠼Ҵ ഥ੄ -%$ ఠః ੉झ఍ࠛ

֙ ਘ ਘ 0&$% ࣁ҅ѐߊਗઑ୨ഥ )-' ࠗ࢑ ֙ ਘ ઁ ର ( ੿࢚ഥ੄ ೐‫ی‬झ ‫פ‬झ

֙ ਘ ઁ ର ਬূ ୨ഥ ‫׏‬਄ ֙ ਘ ઁ ର ӝറ߸ചഈড 6/'$$$ ‫ࢎ׼‬Ҵഥ੄ $01 թইҕ ؊ߣ

֙ ਘ ਬূ दझమ ੘স߈ 55 ࠁҊࢲ ߊ಴ t3FBMJTJOH UIF 'VUVSF 8F 8BOUu ֙ ਘ ബҗ੸ੋѐߊഈ۱ਸ ਤೠ Ӗ‫ ߥ۽‬౵౟ցभ (1&%$ ୹ߧ ֙ ਘ ઁ ର ( ੿࢚ഥ੄ ‫ݬ‬द௏ ஢௤

֙ ਘ ਬূ ૑ࣘо‫੹ߊמ‬ഥ੄ 6/$4% mܻ਋ ࠳‫ۄ‬૕ ܻ਋ ‫ ؘ‬੗֎੉‫ ۽‬ ֙ ਘ ઁ ର ਬূ ѐߊഈ۱ನۢ 6/%$'

֙ ਘ ઁ ର ਬূ ୨ഥ ‫׏‬਄ ֙ ਘ ઁ ର ӝറ߸ചഈড 6/'$$$ ‫ࢎ׼‬Ҵഥ੄ $01 ஠ఋܰ ‫ب‬ೞ

֙ ਘ ઁ ର ૑ࣘо‫ݾ੹ߊמ‬಴ ҕѐ੘স߈ ഥ੄ 08( 4%(T ֙ ਘ ਬূ ࢎ‫ޖ‬୨੢ Ҋਤә ಁօ )-1 ࠁҊࢲ ߊ಴ ֙ ਘ ਬূ ࢎ‫ޖ‬୨੢ 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ ࠁҊࢲ t" -JGF PG %JHOJUZ GPS "MMu ߊ಴ ֙ ਘ ਬূ ૑ࣘо‫ݾ੹ߊמ‬಴ ੤ਗ ੿ࠗр ੹‫ޙ‬о ਤਗഥ ‫׏‬਄

֙ ਘ ઁ ର ( ੿࢚ഥ੄ ۞दই ࢚౟ಕపܰࠗܰ௼

֙ ਘ ઁ ର ਬূ ୨ഥ ‫׏‬਄ ֙ ਘ ੌ ઁ ର ਬূ ૑ࣘо‫ ੹ߊמ‬Ҋਤә୒஖ನۢ )-1'

֙ ਘ ੌ ਬূ୨ഥ .%(T ౠ߹೯ࢎ ֙ ਘ ઁ ର ӝറ߸ചഈড 6/'$$$ ‫ࢎ׼‬Ҵഥ੄ $01 ಫ‫ ߄ࢥܰ߄ ٘ۆ‬ ֙ ਘ 850 п‫ܐ‬ഥ੄ %%" ೤੄ ߊܻ

֙ ਘ ਬূ җ೟੗‫ޙ‬ਤਗഥ ୹ߧ ߬ܳܽ ֙ ਘ ઁ ର ૑ࣘо‫ݾ੹ߊמ‬಴ ҕѐ੘স߈ ഥ੄ 08( 4%(T ֙ ਘ ੌ (1&%$ Ҋਤә ഥ੄ ‫ݬ‬द௏द౭ ֙ ਘ ਬূജ҃୨ഥ ாջ ա੉‫ ࠺۽‬ ֙ ਘ ਬূ ઁ ର ѐߊഈ۱ನۢ 6/%$'

֙ ਘ ઁ ର ਬূ ૑ࣘо‫ ੹ߊמ‬Ҋਤә୒஖ನۢ )-1'

֙ ਘ ੌ ਬূ ࣗ‫ࢲب‬Ҵо 4*%4 ഥ੄ ࢎ‫ݽ‬ই ইೖই ֙ ਘ ઁ ର ਬূ ୨ഥ ‫׏‬਄ m 1PTU ѐߊ‫ݾ‬಴ ഈ࢚ ֙ ਘ ਬূ ӝറ߸ച ੿࢚ഥ੄ ‫׏‬਄

֙ ਘ ઁ ର ( ੿࢚ഥ੄ ഐ઱ ࠳ܻझߣ ֙ ਘ ઁ ର ӝറ߸ചഈড 6/'$$$ ‫ࢎ׼‬Ҵഥ੄ $01 ಕ‫ ܻ݃ ܖ‬

֙ ઁ ର ӝറ߸ചഈড 6/'$$$ ‫ࢎ׼‬Ҵഥ੄ $01 ౵ܻ

֙ ઁ ର ( ੿࢚ഥ੄ ఠః ੉झ఍ࠛ

֙ ਘ ઁ ର ਬূ ୨ഥ ߂ ੿࢚ഥ੄ ‫׏‬਄ m 1PTU ѐߊ‫ݾ‬಴ ଻ఖ

1PTU }ၽ᮹ᱽ௡ ྕᨨᯙa

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ǎᱽ᜽ၝᔍ⫭᮹ ᯦ᰆŝ ⪽࠺

4 ҵંध޺࢏ദ੅ ੒੣Ҙ ഞ‫س‬ ҵંध޺࢏ദ੅ ଶ৉ Ҵઁद޹ࢎഥ‫ ח‬1PTU ֤੄ ୡӝࠗఠ ‫׮‬নೠ ߑधਵ‫੸ ۽‬ӓ੸ਵ‫ ۽‬ѐੑ ߂ ଵৈ೧৳‫ ׮‬0YGBN 8PSME 7JTJPO 4BWF UIF $IJMESFO "DUJPO"JE ١ Ҵઁѐߊ ࠙ঠ੄ ‫؀‬಴੸ੋ ‫ ݅ ࡺ ୓ױ‬ই‫( ۄפ‬$"1 4PDJBM 8BUDI $*7*$64 *1' $1%& ١ ѐߊ࠙ঠ Ҵઁद޹ࢎഥ ֎౟ਕ௼ ‫ ب୓ױ‬1PTU ֤੄੄ ੄੄৬ ਗ஗ ߂ ߑೱ ӒܻҊ ઱ਃ ղਊী ‫؀‬ೠ ੑ੢җ ੄Ѽਸ ഝߊ൤ ѐ૓೧ ৳‫ ׮‬ ౠ൤ ৔Ҵ੄ द޹ࢎഥ‫୓ױ‬о ઱‫ب‬ೞৈ ֙ ୹ߧೠ r#FZPOE ֎౟ਕ௼s‫ ҅ࣁ੹ ח‬द޹ࢎഥ੄ ഝ‫ࠁ੿ ز‬৬ ੄Ѽਸ ࣻ۴ೞৈ ୓҅ചೞҊ ਬূী ੹‫׳‬ೞ‫ ח‬೒ۖಬҗ ହҳ ৉ೡਸ ࣻ೯ೞҊ ੓‫ ׮‬ೠಞ ѐߊ࠙ঠ पୌ੸ ઑࢎোҳ੗੄ ֎౟ਕ௼ੋ 1"35*$*1"5& ‫ژ‬ೠ पૐ੸ োҳܳ ӝ߈ਵ‫ ۽‬1PTU ֤੄җ੿ী द޹ࢎഥ৬ ಽࡸܻ ҕ‫҃ ੄୓ز‬೷җ ੑ੢ਸ ߈৔ೠ ઁউਸ ೞҊ ੓‫ ׮‬#FZPOE ‫ ח‬ ѐߊ࠙ঠ ഈ੄୓੄ ֎౟ਕ௼ੋ *'1 1"35$*1"5& ١җ ೣԋ 1PTU җ੿ীࢲ द޹ࢎഥ ஬ಕੋҗ ‫ ࠺۽‬١੄ ഝ‫ز‬ਸ ҕ‫ز‬ਵ‫ࣻ ۽‬೯ೞҊ ੓‫ ׮੉઺ ח‬ 4PDJBM 8BUDIܳ ઺बਵ‫ ۽‬Ҵઁѐߊ੄ द޹ࢎഥ ੹‫ޙ‬оٜ੄ োҳ ‫ݽ‬੐ੋ $JWJM 4PDJFUZ 3FGMFDUJPO (SPVQ਷ ֙ ਘ t੿੄হ੉ ޷‫ې‬হ‫׮‬u /P 'VUVSF XJUIPVU +VTUJDF ‫ࠁ ࢳ࠙ ੄ݾઁ ח‬Ҋࢲীࢲ ৈࢽѐ੄ Ӗ‫ ߥ۽‬૑ࣘо‫ݾࢿמ‬಴ (MPCBM 4VTUBJOBCJMJUZ (PBMT ܳ ઁदೞ৓‫ ׮‬ӒܻҊ ֙ ਘ ߬ܳܽ द޹ࢎഥࣃఠо ઱୭ೠ ‫ ࠗ੿ ੌة‬റਗ Ҵઁഥ੄ী ଵࢳೠ Ҵઁद޹ࢎഥ ‫؀‬಴੗ٜ਷ 1PTU ѐߊ‫ݾ‬಴ী ನೣ‫غ‬যঠ ೡ о૑ ੄ઁܳ ઁदೞ৓‫ ׮‬ೠಞ ૓ࠁ੸ੋ ࢎഥ਍‫֎ ز‬౟ਕ௼ੋ ૑ࣘо‫੹ߊמ‬ਸ ਤೠ ޹઺੄ ‫ݾ‬಴ 1(4% ஬ಕੋ Ӓ‫ژ ܛ‬ೠ ѐ ‫ݾ‬಴ܳ ઁदೞ৓‫߆ ੉ ׮‬ী 4BWF UIF $IJMESFO ‫ژ‬ೠ ই‫ ز‬ҙ੼ীࢲ ѐ੄ ҳ୓੸ੋ ‫ݾ‬಴ܳ ઁदೞӝ‫ ب‬ೞ‫ ח‬١ ੹ ࣁ҅੄ द޹ࢎഥ‫୓ױ‬ٜ਷ 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ ࣻ݀ਸ ਤೞৈ ഝߊ൤ ଵৈೞҊ ੓‫ ׮‬ӒܻҊ ਬূ੉ ੹ࣁ҅ द޹੄ ੄Ѽਸ ৡ‫ੋۄ‬ਵ‫ࣻ ۽‬۴ೠ .Z 8PSME ஬ಕੋ‫੸ بؘ‬ӓ ଵৈೞ৓‫ ׮‬઱ਃ Ҵઁद޹ࢎഥ ‫୓ױ‬ٜ੉ ઁदೠ ੄ઁ৬ ‫ݾ‬಴ܳ ಴‫࢓ ۽‬ಝࠁ‫਺׮ ݶ‬җ э‫ ׮‬

Ҵઁद޹ࢎഥ‫୓ױ‬о ઁदೠ ઱ਃ ੄ઁ৬ ‫ݾ‬಴ $JWJM 4PDJFUZ 3FGMFDUJPO (SPVQ

#FSMJO $JWJM 4PDJFUZ $FOUFS

‫ݽ‬ٚ ࢎ‫ ੄ۈ‬ઓষࢿҗ ੋӂ ಣ١җ ੿੄੄ ૐ૓ ੗োҗ ‫؀‬ӝ҃҅ӂ 1MBOFUBSZ CPVOEBSJFT ੄ ઓ઺ ҵ୷ਸ ాೠ ಣച ҳ୷ ҕ੿ೞҊ ഥࠂ۱ ੓‫ ח‬ Әਲ਼दझమ੄ ઑࢿ ޹઱੸੉Ҋ ଵৈ੸ੋ Ѣߡքझ ъച

ష૑৬ धࣻ੄ ডఎ ଻ҷ࢑স ‫ ؛ݽ‬ ‫؀‬ӝ҃҅ӂ ઃ؊ ੿੄ ҃ઁ Әਲ਼ ઁ‫ ب‬ ੋӂ ಣച৬ т١

1FPQMFsT (PBMT GPS 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU ੋӂ ࠼Ҍҗ ࠛಣ١ ध‫ ۝‬઱ӂ ৮੹ೠ Ҋਊҗ ন૕੄ ੌ੗ܻ ࠁಞ੸ੋ ࢎഥ੸ ࠁഐ ઃ؊ ੿੄ ӝറ߸ച৬ ജ҃੸ ૑ࣘо‫ ࢿמ‬ ࢜‫۽‬਍ ‫ޖ‬৉ ాച ߂ Әਲ਼ ઁ‫ ب‬ ޹઱઱੄৬ ‫ ੸ߧݽ‬Ѣߡքझ ੿੄ী ӝ߈ਸ ‫ ك‬ಣച৬ উࠁ

1PTU }ၽ᮹ᱽ௡ ྕᨨᯙa

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тж╜╟О с▒╢сЗбсо╣ сйОтзБ┼Э тк╜ра║

ридрйД р▓┤рзАрв▓ раБрзИрлС┘арйЙ ╥┤ркБрдж▐╣рвОр┤етАл ╫ЧтАм1PTU ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рзА тАл╪АтАмр│з р▓и╥Ърй╕рйЙ╥К ╥│ркСрй╕рйЛ ╥Щрй╝рзАрв▓ рй╜╙Фр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫отАмримрзВ ╥Крид╙Щр▓Б╓Е╥Ч рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйврйЙ ркБрджр│а тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рзм римрвОр│з раБрйЙрлС▌Е ╙ЦтАлра╝ ▀е█╜тАм╥М╥Ч ╙Т риЧрйЛри╕ раБтАл ╫ЧтАм╥Щрй╝рзАрв▓тАлрй╕ ╫ЧтАмрлС ржЛри╖ рм░рйЙрй╝ри╕ раБрйЙ╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм ╥┤ркБрдж▐╣рвОр┤етАл ╫ЧтАм╙ЦтАл рйДрй┐ ▀е█╜тАмр│Р█ирйРри╕ ╙ЭраДри╡тАл █╜тАмр│ЮрзИ раЩржа▀╣ рйДркБрзм тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рзА рй╜╙Фр│Ю╥К рйУри╡тАл ▌┤тАм рвОр┤е╥ГркБрй╕ рй┐рйД рб║ ржЗтАл █Д╫дтАмркГ╪К рвдр░Хрй╕ рй┐рйД ╤Р╓Ыри╕ ╤КркСр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм╙Т▄╗╥К рйЛ╙В р▓гр┤Ъ рвдр░Х ┘б раБр▓Юрй╕ ╨╛роЦрзм р│Р█ирйРри╕ ╤КркСр│Ю╥К рйУри╡тАл ▌┤тАм╙ЦтАл ▀е█╜тАм╙Шри│╥Ч ╥ГркБ рджрдЭр░о ╤Рр┤Д╥Ч ▐╣рк▒рй╕ ╤в▀б╓ДрдЭ ╤Кр┤Ъ▄│ ╤Р▀КрнУркБрзм р▓Б█ЮтАл╫отАмрйР р┤ДрдирйД рк║риГр│а рйДркБтАлркБ █╜тАмрджр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫ЧрйЙ ╫отАмржЦрзАрв▓ ргЧ╤Рр│а .%(TрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а ра║р▒╕рй╕ ╥Щрй╝ри╕ ▀ИрзФр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╤кри╡тАлра╝ █╜тАм╥МрйД ╥│ркСрй╕ риЧрйЛрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а р│з╤╛рм╝ рж╣рйЙ 1PTU ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤╨╛ рдкр┤мрв┐ рж╣тАл ╫ЧтАм тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤тАл █╜тАм╙И╤╛тАл╪╝тАмрлС тАл ╫Ч╫о▄▓▌╜тАмриЛ█░▄│ ▀ИрзФр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм р│ар▓Ю ржЗрджржЗ рдж▐╣рвОр┤ерйД ╥ГриЛ ╓Щ риШ рнб ▀СрпРрзАрв▓ рн╣▀зр│а ржЗрджржЗ╤Р▀КрзЛтАл" ╪АтАм%" тАл ╫ЧтАмржб ╤Р ╥┤╨╛рйД ╤Р ╤Р▀Кр┤И█▒ раЩржа /(0 р┤ИрйДрнУ рк║рдмрйД ╓Ор▒ЯриХрп╝тАл █╜тАм1PTU ╥Щ█▓ ржЗрджржЗ рдж▐╣рвОр┤ерйД рйД╤╝ри╕ рг╗█┤р│Ю╥К ▄╗╪Крдн рзЙтАл█ЭтАмри╕ ╤Кр┤Ър│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАмр┤│█▓ р│РтАл█╜тАм╙ТтАл █ФтАм┘б тАл╫отАмржир│а ╥орин ▀В ржЧ┘ШраБро┤рдж р┤ЭтАл╪▓тАмри╕ рг╗р│пр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм р┤Ерйд р│а╥┤рйД ,$0$рзм родраБ┘гржЗрйД родраБ┘гржЗр┤И█▒ридриЧр┤е $$$ ╨╛ "%"рйД ╥ХтАл▐ЦрвО╪▓тАм╥┤ри╕ тАл▌РтАм╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм

5 р│б╥╡ ркАраШрйЕ рзКр│в╥Ш р┤ЮтАл ╪│тАм р│а╥┤рй┐раЧтАл ╫ЧтАм1PTU ╓дрйД ╥Чрй┐рзА ра║╥орй╕ рй╕╙Урй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАмрм╡рзИр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫Ч╫отАмр▓г╨╛▄│ ▀Й╥К рйУтАл ╫ЧрйЙ ╫отАмр│а╥┤ рз╗╥ораЧ рйв╥ЩрйЙрж╗тАл▀И ╪НтАм╙ЭтАл ▐ЩтАмримрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйврйД ридрвЪ╥Ч рзФр│▒█▒ рб║ ▌Е ржЗтАл █Д╫дтАмрнн╙Ф ╥┤ркБ╤Р▀К раЩржарзАрв▓ ╓лржЗрлУ ╓лржЗрлУ р│а╥┤рйД ридрвЪ╥Ч ╙ЭтАл╪АтАмрзА раЧри╜р│Ю╙Э ридр│а ╓в█▒рйД рйМр┤ЬрйЙ╙ЭтАл ╪итАмр│ЮтАл ╫отАм р│а╥┤ рй┐раЧтАл ╓Щ ╫ЧтАмрнб ╤Р▀КриЧркС ╥ХрзИ╥┤╨╛рйД тАл▌╜тАмрйРрйЛ 0&$% ╤Р▀КриЧркСридриЧр┤е %"$ рзА ╨╛рйСр│ЮрзУ╥К ╓Щ ( рв▓риО рй┐рвЪр┤ерйДрзАрв▓ рв╢рлУ╥┤╥Ч ╤РтАл╪итАм╥┤╥ЧрйД ╨╛╥о рзЙр│бри╕ ╤КркСр│а rрв▓риО╤Р▀КрйДркБs▄│ ркБрджр│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм ╙Т▄╗╥К ╓Щ ▌И раЧрвС ргБ╥Е╤Р▀КриЧркСрнир┤е▄│ рв┐╥Хрй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАм╤Ррннр│Ю╥К ╓Щ ╓грвЭ╙Эр┤▒╙Э╙Ш ($' ▄│ ргатАл╪итАмрзА римроЦр│ЮтАл рв▓▌╢тАм╥┤ркБ╤Р▀К╥Ч р┤Ь╥Г раЩржарзАрв▓ рк║риГр│а ▄╗╪Крдн ╥┤╨╛тАлрвЪраЧ █╜тАмр│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАмр│а╥┤ рй┐раЧтАл ╫ЧтАм3JP рк│ра║ридриЧр┤ерзАрв▓ р│а╥┤ри╖ рв╢рлУ╥┤ри╕ тАл╪АтАмр▓┤р│ЮрзИ ╥ХтАлрйД╪▓тАмрйв╥┤ рзЙр│бри╕ рг╗р│пр│ЮрзУ╥К р┤Ерйд (1&%$рзА ╥ХрзИ╥┤ри╕ тАл╪АтАмр▓┤р│ЮрзИ рлШр│придриЧри╡тАл █╜тАмрм╡рзИр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм р│ар▓Ю 1PTU ╓дрйД ╥Чрй┐рзАрв▓ ╙грв┐р┤Ь рй╣ рз╗╥ораЧ рйв╥Щри╖ ╤РрйЛрйЧ╤║ри╡тАл █╜тАм╥Крид╙Щр▓Б╓Е ридриЧри╡тАл █╜тАм р┤ЭтАл╪▓тАмр│ЮрзУ╥К р│а╥┤рй┐раЧтАлрв│ ╫ЧтАмри╡тАлркБ █╜тАмр│атАл ╪╗тАмрлСргШ╨╛тАл▌╛рй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр▓┤ ╥Х╤РрйШрж╕▀И╥Ч тАл▌║тАмри╡тАл █╜тАм╥│рв┐тАл ╪╗тАмрлСргШ╨╛тАл ╫ЮтАм ▀Крй╣тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рйдриЧ рй┐раЧ╤А рй╣тАл▐ЩтАм╨╛ ридриЧр┤е ▀В рлСргШ╨╛тАл рй╣▀К╫ЮтАм╥Щ█▓ ╥Чр│ЯрйЧтАл▐ЩтАмридриЧр┤ерзАтАл ╪итАмрм╡рзИр│Ю╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм р│а╥┤рй┐раЧтАл ╓Щ ╫ЧтАмриШраЧр░а рджрйШр│а 08( 4%(TрзАрв▓ тАл╫отАмржир│а рк▒ркБрзА тАл╪АтАмр│з рйД╤╝ри╕ р▓┤тАл▌║тАмр│ЮрзУтАл рнР ╫отАм р┤ерйДрзАрв▓тАл ╫ЧтАм╥Х╤РрйШрж╕▀ИрйД рзЙр│брзА тАл╪АтАмр│з ркБ рм░ р┤ерйДрзАрв▓тАл ╫ЧтАм4%(TрйД ╤Р╓Ы ╙Т▄╗╥К рм░ р┤ерйДрзАрв▓тАл ╫ЧтАмрдзрг╗рзм ридрвд рдзтАл█ЭтАмржЙраБрзм рлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│а ╓крж╕ ╙Т▄╗╥К рм░ р┤ерйДрзАрв▓тАл ╫ЧтАмрзЙтАл█ЭтАм╤Кр┤Ъ рзА╓БрлСрзм рлСргШ╨╛тАл▌╛рй╣▀К╫ЮтАмр▓┤ рлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│Ю╥К р▓ириКрй╕ ╥ГркБрв┐рйв ┘б ргБ╨╛рлС рк▒ркБрзА тАл╪АтАмр│з ▀Крж▒р│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм ╥┤╒▓рзАрв▓ р│а╥┤рй┐раЧтАл ╓Щ ╫ЧтАмриШ ▀И╙ЭтАл ▐ЩтАмримрзВрвОтАл▐ЦтАмрнирйврйД ▀Ср│ари╕ ╥Е╙ЭтАл █╜тАм1PTU ,PSFB р▓и█ври╕ рн╣▀зр│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм╙Т▄╗╥К ╓Щ риШрзАтАл ╫ЧтАм6/%1рзм ╥ХтАл╪▓тАмри╡тАл █╜тАмржЗрджржЗ ╥┤╨╛рй┐раЧ ▀В рдж▐╣рвОр┤ерзм 1PTU рйДркБ▄│ ╓дрйДр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╥┤ркБр┤ерйД▄│ ╤Ррннр│ЮрзУ╥К ркБ рм░ рв▓риО 0%" ╥┤ркБр┤ерйДрзАрв▓ 1PTU рзм раЧрвС р▒╡р▒Я╓Брднри╕ рзЛ╥Ер│ЮтАл▀С ╫ЧтАмржЙрзА тАл╪АтАмр│з ╓дрйДр│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм

1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜рпб р╛ХсииспЩa

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⦽ǎ ᜽ၝᔍ⫭᮹ ᯦ᰆŝ ⪽࠺

6 ೡҵ ध޺࢏ദ੅ ੒੣Ҙ ഞ‫س‬ Ҵղীࢲ 1PTU ী ‫؀‬ೠ ֤੄ܳ ୊਺ ੽ೠ Ѫ਷ ֙ ਘ ੌ ࠗ࢑ ࣁ҅ѐߊਗઑ୨ഥ ળ࠺ഥ੄ੋ ࠗ࢑ ࣁ҅द޹ࢎഥನۢ ઺ ৌܽ ੹‫ޙ‬о ‫ۄ‬਍٘ప੉࠶ ഥ੄৓‫ ׮‬tࠗ࢑୨ഥ ੉റ Ҵઁѐߊ ੄ઁ‫ ח‬য٣‫ܻ ۽‬਋ .%(T ߂ ੉റ Ҵઁѐߊ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼u‫ ۆ‬઱ઁ‫ ۽‬ৌܽ ష‫ۿ‬ഥীࢲ 0YGBN $*7*$64 -%$ 8BUDI ١ Ҵઁ ѐߊ /(0 ‫؀‬಴੗‫ ࢑ࠗ ח‬౵౟ցभҗ 1PTU ੄ োҙࢿী ‫؀‬ೠ ֤੄ܳ ೞ৓‫ ׮‬ ֙ ୡࠗఠ ೠҴ द޹ࢎഥ‫ࠄ ח‬Ѻ੸ਵ‫ ۽‬1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ֤੄ܳ ਤೠ ഝ‫ز‬ਸ द੘ೞ৓‫ ׮‬ ֙ ୡࠗఠ ѐߊഈ۱ ࠙ঠ੄ /(0 ഈ੄୓ੋ ૑ҳୣ࠼Ҍృ஖द޹ো‫( ؀‬$"1 ,PSFB Ҵઁѐߊഈ۱޹рഈ੄ഥ ,$0$ ӒܻҊ Ҵઁѐߊഈ۱द޹ࢎഥನۢ ,P'*% ਷ 1PTU ‫؀‬਽ ೠҴद޹ࢎഥো‫؀‬ഥ੄ #FZPOE ,PSFB ܳ Ѿࢿೞৈ ‫׮‬নೠ ഝ‫ز‬ਸ ੹ѐ೧ ৳‫ ׮‬ #FZPOE ,PSFB‫ ח‬1PTU ҙ۲ ઱ਃ ੿଼‫ ࢲޙ‬ъ‫ ة‬ҕѐ ష‫ۿ‬ഥ ߂ ‫׏‬झۨఠ ߊр ӒܻҊ Ҵઁഥ੄ ଵࢳ ١ ‫׮‬নೠ ഝ‫ز‬ਸ ੹ѐ೧৳‫ ׮‬ӒܻҊ ੿ࠗ৬ ҕध ࠺ҕध ੿଼ р‫׸‬ഥܳ ѐ୭ೞৈ Ҵղ৻ द޹ࢎഥ੄ ੄Ѽਸ ੹‫׳‬ೞ৓‫ ׮‬ೠಞ Ҵઁ੸ਵ‫" ח۽‬%" ହࢸਸ ઱‫ب‬ೞৈ ইदই ѐߊഈ۱ ഈ੄୓৬੄ ো‫؀‬৬ ৉‫ ۝‬ъചী ӝৈೞӝ‫ ب‬ೞ৓‫ ׮‬ӒܻҊ ֙ ਘ Ҵ‫ޖ‬୨ܻप੄ ૑ਗਸ ߉ই ,$0$ ੉ࢎ ١ Ҵઁѐߊഈ۱ ࠙ঠ ড ৈ‫ ੄ݺ‬द޹ࢎഥ ‫؀‬಴‫ ઁ ੉ױ‬ର ਬূ ୨ഥܳ ଵҙೞӝ‫ ب‬ ೞ৓‫ ׮‬ ೠಞ #FZPOE ,PSFB੄ 1PTU ী ‫؀‬ೠ ӝࠄ੸ੋ ੑ੢਷ ֙ ਘ ੌ ߊ಴ೠ r1PTU ী ‫؀‬ೠ ೠҴद޹ࢎഥ ੑ੢‫ޙ‬sী ੿ܻ‫غ‬য ੓ਵ‫ חࢲޙ ࠄ ݴ‬Ҋਤәಁօੋ ӣࢿജ ੹ ৻Үࠗ੢ҙীѱ ੹‫׳‬ೞৈ ೠҴ द޹ࢎഥ੄ ੄Ѽਸ Ҵઁࢎഥী ঌ۷‫ ׮‬ 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁী‫؀‬ೠ ೠҴद޹ࢎഥ ઁউ m ѐ ೨बઁউ ֙ ਘ ੌ

ࠂ೤੸ ਤӝܳ ӓࠂೞ‫۽࢜ ח‬਍ ѐߊ ಁ۞‫׮‬੐ ‫࢝ݽ‬ 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ‫ ח‬അ੤ Ҵઁࢎഥо ૒‫ݶ‬ೠ Әਲ਼ ҃ઁ ध‫۝‬җ ীց૑ ӝറ߸ച ೨ਤഈ ١ ‫ ੸઺׮‬ਤӝܳ ӓࠂೞ‫ ח‬ ࢜‫۽‬਍ ѐߊ ಁ۞‫׮‬੐ਸ ‫࢝ݽ‬ೞ‫҅ ח‬ӝо ‫غ‬যঠ ೞ‫ੋ ݴ‬ӂ ಣച উࠁ ࢿ ಣ١ ޹઱઱੄ ࢤక੸ ૑ࣘо‫ࢿמ‬җ੄ ࢚ഐোҙࢿਸ Ҋ۰ೠ ୨୓੸ ੹ੌ੸ दпীࢲ ੽Ӕ೧ঠ ೠ‫ ׮‬ ࠛಣ١ ‫ ܳઁޙ‬ѐߊ ೨ब੄ઁ‫੿ࢶ ۽‬ 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ‫ࠛ ח‬ಣ١੄ ‫ ܳઁޙ‬ѐߊ੄ ೨ब੄ઁ‫ܖ׮ ۽‬যঠ ೠ‫۞੉ ׮‬ೠ ‫ ੄ઁޙ‬೧Ѿਸ ਤ೧ࢲ‫ੋ ח‬ӂী ӝ߈ਸ ‫੽ ك‬Ӕ )3#" ࢤక੸ ૑ࣘо‫ ࢿמ‬ਗ஗җ ೣԋ ࢎഥ੸ਵ‫ ۽‬о੢ ஂডೠ ҅கੋ ই‫ز‬җ ֢ੋ੄ ੋӂ ࠁ੢ਸ ୭਋ࢶ੸ਵ‫ ۽‬Ҋ۰೧ঠ ೠ‫ ׮‬ ѐߊ੤ਗ੄ ഄन੸ੋ ߑউ੉ ‫࢝ݽ‬ 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ੄ ബҗ੸ ੉೯ਸ ࠁ੢ೞӝ ਤ೧ࢲ‫ހ ח‬పۨ੉ஶࣃࢲझܳ ֈযࢲ‫ ח‬ഄन੸ੋ ߑউ੉ ‫غ࢝ݽ‬যঠ ೠ‫ ׮‬ҳ୓੸ਵ‫ై ۽‬ӝ੗ࠄী ‫؀‬ೠ Әਲ਼Ѣ‫ب ࣁې‬ੑ ૑ҳ੸ ҵ࠺୷ࣗ ӒܻҊ Ҵઁഈ۱ਸ ాೠ ઑࣁఎೖ ߑ૑ ١੄ ഄन੸ ઑ஖ܳ ాೠ ѐߊ੤ਗ ഛࠁܳ ਤೠ ࠁ‫ ׮‬प૕੸ੋ ֢۱੉ ೙ਃೞ‫ ׮‬ ଼‫ݒ ࢿޖ‬஠‫بઁ ੄્פ‬ച 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁܳ ҳࣘ۱ ੓‫ݾ ח‬಴‫݅ ۽‬ٜӝ ਤ೧ࢲ‫ ח‬Ҵղ৻ ޹઱੸ੋ Ѣߡքझܳ ъചೞҊ ‫ݾ‬಴ ੉೯ਸ ୓҅੸ਵ‫פݽ ۽‬ఠ݂ ೡ ࣻ ੓যঠ ೞ‫ ݴ‬ѐߊ ҙ۲ Ҵઁੋӂઑডী ‫؀‬ೠ ࠺ળҗ पୌ ੉৻ী ੋӂ࠙ঠীࢲ द೯‫غ‬Ҋ ੓‫ ח‬Ҵо߹ ੋӂ࢚ട ੿۹ Ѩష 613 ৬ э਷ ઁ‫ ܳب‬ѐߊ࠙ঠী‫ب ب‬ੑೞ‫ ח‬Ѫਸ ੸ӓ Ҋ۰೧ঠ ೠ‫ ׮‬ Ӗ‫ ߥ۽‬౵౟ցभ੄ ઺ਃࢿ 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ੄ ബҗ੸ ੉೯ਸ ਤ೧ࢲ‫࢚ ח‬ഐ଼‫ࢿޖ‬җ ޹઱੸ ઱ੋ੄ध ӒܻҊ ‫׮‬নೠ ੉೧ҙ҅੗੄ ౵౟ցभ੉ ೙ࣻ੸੉‫ੋ ݴ‬ӂ ࢿಣ١ ন૕੄ ੌ੗ܻ ജ҃੸ ૑ࣘо‫ࢿמ‬җ э਷ ࠁಞ੸ о஖о ౵౟ցभ੄ ӝࠄ ਗ஗੉ ‫غ‬যঠ ೠ‫ ׮‬

1PTU }ၽ᮹ᱽ௡ ྕᨨᯙa

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⦽ǎ ᜽ၝᔍ⫭᮹ ᯦ᰆŝ ⪽࠺

1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁҙ۲ Ҵղ ઱ਃ೯ࢎ

ਘ ੌ ਘ ੌ

ࠗ࢑ ࣁ҅द޹ࢎഥನۢ ౠ߹ ‫ۄ‬਍٘ ప੉࠶ tࠗ࢑୨ഥ੉റ Ҵઁѐߊ੄ઁ‫ ח‬য٣‫ ۽‬ ܻ਋ .%(T ߂ ੉റ Ҵઁѐߊ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼u ,%*৬ 6/%1 ইदই੸ दпীࢲ ࠄ 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ

ਘ ੌ

#FZPOE %FWFMPQNFOU "HFOEB ࢎ੹ష‫ۿ‬ഥ

ਘ ੌ

#FZPOE Ҵઁѐߊ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ܳ ਤೠ ৌܽನۢ

ਘ ੌ

6/%1 ,PSFB /PSUI &BTU "TJBO :PVUI 'PSVN 5IF 8PSME 8F 8BOU 1PTU

ਘ ੌ

#FZPOE द޹ࢎഥ য়೑ ਕ௼ࢪ

ਘ ੌ

1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ ష‫ۿ‬ഥ

ਘ ੌ

1PTU ೠҴद޹ࢎഥ‫׮‬੗р੿଼ನۢm)-1 ӣࢿജ ৻Ү ా࢚ ࠗ੢ҙҗ੄ ੿଼‫؀‬ച

ਘ ੌ

1PTU ೠҴद޹ࢎഥ੿଼ನۢm%JBMPHVF XJUI 6/ )-1

ਘ ੌ

৻Үࠗ 1PTU ,PSFB ನۢ୹ߧध

ਘ ੌ

ઁ ର ࢲ਎द޹ࢎഥನۢ t1PTU ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ೞীࢲ੄ ബҗ੸ੋ ѐߊഈ۱ਸ ਤೠ ನਊ੸੉Ҋ ҕಣೠ ౵౟ցऔu

ਘ ੌ

ೠҴ੿଼೟ഥ ୶҅೟ࣿ‫؀‬ഥ tҴઁഈ۱җ Ҵઁѐߊu

ਘ ੌ

৻Үࠗ৬ 6/%1 4FPVM 1PTU $POGFSFODF

ਘ ੌ

,0*$" ઁ ର ࢲ਎0%" Ҵઁഥ੄ 1PTU ѐߊ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼৬ 0%"੄৉ೡ

ਘ ੌ

ೠҴ ૑ࣘо‫מ‬ೠ ೧ߨ ֎౟ਕ௼ 4%4/ ,PSFB ହ݀ӝ֛ Ҵઁഥ੄ 6/ ૑ࣘо‫ ੹ߊמ‬যઃ‫׮‬৬ ೠҴ੄ җઁ

ਘ ੌ

ೠҴҴઁ੿஖೟ഥ ୶҅೟ࣿഥ੄ t1PTU Ӗ‫ߥ۽‬ইఃఫ୊৬ ೠҴu Ҵઁѐߊഈ۱࠙җ

ਘ ੌ

҃प۲Ҵઁਤਗഥ ੤୹ߧӝ֛ ష‫ۿ‬ഥ 1PTU ੄ઁ৬ ೠҴࢎഥmೠҴ‫ݾ‬಴੄ ߑೱࢸ੿

ਘ ੌ

ઁ ഥ 1PTU ೠҴद޹ࢎഥ ੿଼ನۢm1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ৬ ࠗ࢑౵౟ցभ੄ ো҅ mೠҴ੿ࠗ৬ द޹ࢎഥ੄ ৉ೡ

ਘ ੌ

,"*%&$ ‫҅ز‬೟ࣿ‫؀‬ഥ 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ੄ ੬੼җ ೠҴ੄ ੹ۚ੸ ‫؀‬਽

ਘ ੌ

҃प۲ 1PTU Ҵઁ੸֤੄৬ Ҵղ‫ݾ‬಴ ࢸ੿ী‫؀‬ೠ ৔৉߹ दܻૉ ର ష‫ۿ‬

1PTU }ၽ᮹ᱽ௡ ྕᨨᯙa

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1PTU со╣ с╡Эсл╡ спХсЫйскб с░вс▒▒

7 3RVW рйЕ рк▓риД рйКрдШрзн рйнрй╜ ржЦрзАрв▓ рв╕тАл▌║тАмр│о┘арйЙ рлС╒д тАл╓Щ ▌╗тАм╤А 1PTU ╓дрйДтАл ╫ЧтАм╙ЭркУрйД .%(TрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а р▓г╨╛рзм ▐╗рй╜р│а ╥Щ█▓рйЙ рйУтАл ╫отАм рлК 1PTU ╓дрйД ╥Чрй┐рзАрв▓ .%(TрйД рйврй╝ри╕ рвУ▄╗╥К рв┐╥Ч▄│ рйЙржп╨╛тАл╪▓ рв▓▌╢тАмрджрзА тАлрй╝╫▒тАм╥Ч р│а╥Е▄│ ╙УраВр│ЮтАл▀С ╫ЧтАмржЙри╕ тАлрн╣╪итАмр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╤крйЙ тАл▌ТтАмриЛ рк║риГр│ЮтАл ╫отАмрлС╙Ш╙йрлСрйД ╥Чрй┐рзАрв▓ раЧ╨┐тАл▌Ж ╪╗тАмри╖ рйЙрдЧрзм рймрй╝ ╨╛риНтАл ╪ШтАм рдж▐╣рвОр┤е ╥Щрй╝рзАрв▓ рк║риГр│ЮтАл╫отАм╥К р▒╕тАл рв╜╫о ╫Ч╪║╫▒тАм╨╛рлС ╥ЩрдмрвО▄│ .%(T р▓г╨╛рзм рзЛ╥Щр│ЮрзИ рй┐▄╗р│ЮрзУтАл ╫отАм 1PTU ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рйД ▀зридрзм ╒▓риК .%(TтАл рйД╓Щ ╫ЧтАмр▓гр┤Ързм ржЙраБ рйЛ╙В╥Ч ▐╣рк▒рк▒рйД р┤Ь╥Г ┘б р▓и╥Ърй╕рйЛ ╥ЧркБ▄│ тАл╫╕тАмри╖ рвЬрнМ╓Щрв╢рж▒рйД ╒▓риКри╕ рвОр┤е╤Р▀К раЩржарйД рйДркБтАлргЧрн╖ █╜тАмр│отАлра║ ╫Ч╫отАмр▒╕ри╕ ▀ЙржУтАл ╫отАмримрзВри╖ ╓ЩтАлраЧ╪АтАмр░а ╤РтАл╪итАм╥┤ ра╝╥МрйД ╥│ркСрй╕ роПтАл ▌╢тАмрлК ╙ЦтАл ▀е█╜тАмрм░риЧрйД тАл▐ЦтАмрзЙ ╙Шри│ р▒ИрйЧ ┘б ╥ГркБрнУркБрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а риЛ█░▄│ р▓┤тАл▌║тАмр│Ю╥К ╤Рр┤Дри╕ рнв╥│р│зрз│тАл ╫отАмр▒ар╡д римрзВри╖ ╓ЩрйД рди╥┤ркБ╥ГркБрлХрв▓ /*&0 рв╢рж▒╥Ч ╓Щ ▀Крй╣╙В рв╢рж▒ ╙Т▄╗╥К ╓Щ ▄╗риЛрв╢рж▒╥Ч ╓Щ рпПр▓Чр│Ю╤▓ рвОр┤е╤Р▀Крй┐рвЪр┤ерйД рв╢рж▒ ╙Т▄╗╥К ╓Щ рвЬрнМ╓Щрв╢рж▒рзА тАл╫╕тАм╙Я ра╝╥М╥Ч рлСргШ╨╛тАлрй╣▀К╫ЮтАмрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а р░╛р│дрй╕ рй╜╙Ф╥Ч ╒▓риКри╕ р┤ЕрйдрйД тАл█Е▌УтАмрзАрв▓ рйдр│зрв│р│зрв▓ рй╕╙У ▀ИрзФр│б р│ЩриГ╨╛ рйУтАл█ЮрйЙ ╫отАмр│а рй╜╙Фри╖ ╤Р▀Кри╕ ридр│а рй┐рм╝рйМ╥Щрв┐ рм░риЧрзАрв▓тАл▌Т ╪итАмриЛ рк║риГр│а ╥ЧркБрйЙтАл ╫отАмр▒ар╡д .%(T ╥ГриЛрнК█в роХрид╨╛ тАл ▄▓╫отАм╤Р▀╣ тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рзА тАл▌╛раЧргБ █Д┘отАмр▓┤рзм рлСр▓┤тАл █╜тАм╥│рв┐р│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╙Э╥Ерй╕ ╙Эрг┐рй╕ рй╜╙Фри╕ рлСржир│Ю╥К рк║рй╝╥ЧркБрйД тАл╪йтАмрйЧрв┐ри╕ ркУрк║р│ЮтАлрвЪ ╪ирв▓▌╢тАмр┤РрзЛ╥Щрв┐╥Ч рдж╓БрлС ╥Щ╥ЕрзА рк▒тАл▌╛тАмр│ЮрзИ р░╛р│дрй╕рйЙтАл ▌┤тАм рим╙Эрй╕рйЛ рй╜╙Фри╕ ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│Ю╤▒ р│ЮтАл▌╛ ╫ЧтАмр▓┤рзм рлСр▓┤▄│ ╤Р▀Кр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╤крйЙ рк║риГр│ЮтАл ╫отАм 1PTU ╤Р▀КтАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рйД раБр▓Юрв┐╥Ч ╙ЦтАлрвЪ ▀е█╜тАмр┤РрйДркУрв┐ .%(TтАл ╫ЧтАм╥ХрзИ╥┤ рк║рдмрйД рйДркБтАлра╝ █╜тАм╥Мри╕ ╤РтАл╪итАм╥┤ ▌Е рйД тАлрй┐рв╕ █╜ркБ▐ЩтАмр│ЮрзИ ╤РтАл╪итАм╥┤ри╕ rтАлрвЪ╪АтАмр┤Ъs р│Ю╥К рвСрж╕рв╢рлУ╥┤рйД рм╝тАлрк║ ▄│▐ЦтАмриГр│Ю╤▒ тАл▄Ц╫отАмрлС ржЛржУтАлра║ ╫Ч╫отАмр▒╕ри╕ ▀ЙржУтАл▐╖ ╓Щ ╫отАм╥┤рзАрв▓ рджрйШтАл ╪╗тАм ╙Шри│рид╙ЭрйД рй╣╤Р╥Чрй┐рзАрв▓ ╒бр░Л╒м┘арйЙ рвЪр┤РрйДркУрв┐рйЙ ╤Кр┤ЪтАл ╪╗тАмрлС╥│рй╕ ╙Шри│╥ГркБ рджрдЭр░ори╡тАлрйЛ █╜тАмр│ЮрзИ рйЙркБ ╤РтАл╪итАм╥┤рйД ра╝╥МтАл ╫ЧркБ▐ЩтАмрлС╥│рй╕ ╥ГркБрнУркБрзм раЩ▄╗р│зрв▓ р│з╤╛р│б рг╗ рж╣тАл ╫ЧтАм╙ЦтАлркБ▐Щ ▀е█╜тАм╨╛ тАл ╫орж╗╪║тАм╪К ╒бржЗ╨╛ ╤РтАл╪итАм╥┤╥Ч рв╢рлУ╥┤ тАл ┘Б▌╜тАмрзШрз╗рж╣рйЙ ╤врйД тАл▌╜тАм┘Ъ ╥┤╨╛рзАрв▓ раЧрйД р▓Юрк║ри╡тАлрйЛ █╜тАмр│а раЫр▓г┘брйЙ рдмр┤ЪтАлрж╗╪║тАм╥К рйЙтАлрвО ╫ЧтАмр┤ераЫржЙ риГрйЛрйЙ тАл╪║тАмржп рлСргШ╨╛тАлрй╣▀К╫ЮтАмрзА рп╛ ╤ж▄┐тАл █╜╪мтАмрйШриКр│Ю╥К рйУтАл╫Я ргЧ╫о ╫отАмри╖ ╤ЕрйЙ рйУрлС▌Е ▄╗риЛ рзАрв▓ рй┐рдзри╡тАлрм╗ █╜тАмр░ЦтАл ╪╗тАмрлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│а ргЧра║рзм рвдрвС 4$1 рйДркБ╨╛ раЫ р▓г┘б╥Ч р│г╘Л ╤Р рк║рй╝╥ЧркБрзА тАл▌║тАмрджрй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАмр▓ир│гтАл ╪╗тАм╤кри╖ рк║риГр│а рлУрй╣ри╡тАл █╜тАмр▓г╨╛тАл ╫о╪╗тАмрлК ╤РтАл╪итАм╥┤рйД ра╝╥Мри╖ рв╢рлУ╥┤рзАрв▓ ргЧрг╗рзА╤▒ рлС╒броЦ╤▒ рлШрк║тАлраЧ ╪╗тАмрзм ╙Т рн╖рй╕ ▀Срдз ╙Т▄╗╥К рвдр░Хрй╕ри╡тАл █╜тАмрлСргШ╨╛тАл╫ЮтАмр│ЮрлС ржЛри╖ рвдрвС╥Ч ргЧра║тАлркБ▐ЩтАмрзм р│г╘Л тАл▄Ц╫отАмржпркЙржа р│атАл ╫отАм рдкр┤мрв┐ рйУтАл▌Т рв┐▐Црм╝ ╫ЧтАмроатАл рйДрлН╫дтАмр│ЩриГрв┐ .%(T╨╛ рдкр┤ЕтАл╪║тАмрлС тАл▐ЕтАмр│а рк║риГр│а риЧрйЛри╡тАл █╜тАмр┤м╥Чрй╕рйЛ рйЙр│п тАл▌ТтАмро┤тАлраЧ рйДрлН╫дтАмрйд╨╛ рлСрй╕тАл ╫орж╗╪║тАмр┤ериЧ╥┤рйД рм╡рзИ╨╛ рж╣рйЙ римрзВ рвОтАл▐ЦтАм╥┤ рк▒тАл рйД╪итАмр│Юр│▒рдз ▀Срдзри╡тАл▌Е █╜тАм┘ЬржпрлУ .%(TтАлраЧ рйЙрв┐╫╝рй┐ ╫ЧтАмркТр│о╥К рйЙтАл ╫ЧтАм р┤м╥Чрй╕рйЛ рйЙр│п тАл▌лтАмро┤тАл рйДрлН╫дтАм╤╛р│Ыри╡тАл █╜тАм╒бр░Л╒мтАл ╫отАмр┤Ерйд рйЙр│прзА тАл╪АтАмр│а тАл╫д▌╜тАмр░а▌В тАл▌лтАмро┤тАлрлН╫дтАм╥Ч ╥Щ█▓р│ЮрзИ рзИ█Ю╨╛рлС ╨╛тАл╪║рвЭ▌╜ рйЙрв┐╫ЮтАм╥К рйУрлС▌Е ржЗрлТ ╥│рнУр┤ЪтАл╪║тАмрлС ржЛ╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм╙ЭркУрйД римрзВ ╤Р▀Кр┤И█▒р▓и█в 6/%$' рйЙрз╗рзА ╥Крид╙Щрй┐роЦр▓и█в )-1' ╙Т▄╗╥К римрзВ ▀ЖрйД (1&%$╨╛ ржптАл ┌ГтАмрзЙр│бри╕ рг╗р│пр│б рлСрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а ╥ЩрдмрйЙ тАл▌╜тАмржЗрлС╥К рйУтАл ╫отАм1PTU ╥Чрй┐рзАрв▓ рм╝тАл рв┐▐ЦтАмриЧроЧрзА ╙Э▀Ир│а рйЙр│прг╗тАл╫▒тАмрзА тАл╪АтАмр│а ╓дрйД▄│ ▀╜р│пр│ЮтАл ╫ЧтАм╤кри╖ тАл▌ТтАмриЛ ▀ДтАл█ИтАмрлТр│Ю╥К р│ЩриГр│а ╥Чрй┐рйЙтАл╥ЕргБ ╫отАмри╖р│п ┘б тАл╫отАмрйЧ╤А ╤Р▀Кри╖р│п╥Ч рй┐роЦрй╕ рзФр│▒█▒ри╕ рлСтАл ( ╫жтАм╥┤╨╛рйД рй╕╙Урй╕ рм╡рзИрзм ╙ЭрзИ╨╛ р│Щрг╗рй╕рйЙтАл ╫отАм╙Т█Ю╒б рйЙ█Юр│а рм╡рзИтАл ╫ЧтАм╙Э╥ЩрйД рйЙр│з╥Щ╥Е╨╛ ржЗтАл █Д╫дтАм╙ЦтАлра╝ ▀е█╜тАм╥МрйД р▒ГроЦрзм раЫр▓г┘б ╤ЕргЧ ┘б ╥ХтАлрй╣ра║ рйД╪▓тАм╥Ч тАл▌╛тАмр▓┤рзА тАл╪АтАмр│а р│дрйДрзм ╥Хржбри╕ рй╣ркБтАл █╜тАм рйЙтАл▄ЦтАмржпркЙржа р│атАл ╫отАм

1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜рпб р╛ХсииспЩa

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⠪a᪡ ᱥ฾

૑ࣘо‫ ੹ߊמ‬੤ਗ ഛࠁ৬ ӝস੄ ৉ೡ .%(T੉೯ীࢲ ஂডೠ ੼਷ ੤੿ ഛࠁ੄ য۰਑੉঻‫ ׮‬.%(T ߣ rѐߊਸ ਤೠ Ӗ‫ ߥ۽‬ ౵౟ցभsਸ पഅೞӝ ਤ೧ ֙ী ‫ހ‬౟ۨ੉ ѐߊ੤ਗ ೤੄о ٍ‫ן‬ѱ ٜ݅য઎૑݅ ઁ‫ ۽؀‬ ੉೯‫غ‬૑ ঋও‫ ח׮‬ಣоо ૑ߓ੸੉‫ ࢲۄٮ ׮‬1PTU ֤੄ীࢲ ѐߊ੤ਗਸ ҳ୓੸ਵ‫ ۽‬ ֤੄ೞ‫ ח‬Ѫ੉ ೙ਃೞ‫ ׮‬അ੤ ૑ࣘо‫ ੹ߊמ‬੤ਗ ੹‫ޙ‬о ഥ੄о ૓೯‫غ‬Ҋ ੓૑݅ ୭Ӕ Ӗ‫ ߥ۽‬ ҃ઁਤӝ‫ࢿઁ҃ ۽‬੢җ ‫ޖ‬৉੉ ਤ୷‫࢚ חغ‬ടীࢲ 0%" ૐঘ ‫ژ‬ೠ औ૑ ঋই ࠁੋ‫۞੉ ׮‬ೠ ࢚ടীࢲ द޹ࢎഥо ૑ࣘ੸ਵ‫ ۽‬઱੢೧ৡ ઑࣁഥೖ ߑ૑ Әਲ਼Ѣ‫' ࣁې‬55 ࠗਬࣁ ҵࢎ࠺ х୷ ١ਸ ాೠ ࢜‫۽‬਍ ੤ਗ ݃۲ী ‫؀‬ೠ Ҵઁ੸ ೤੄ܳ ੉‫ܖ‬Ҋ ੉ܳ पബࢿ੓ѱ पୌೞ‫ ח‬Ѫ੉ ‫ݒ‬਋ ઺ਃೞ‫ ׮‬ӒܻҊ ࢤ࢑੸ ੌ੗ܻ ହ୹ী प૕੸ਵ‫ ۽‬ӝৈೡ ࣻ ੓‫ ח‬ӝস੄ ৉ೡҗ ଵৈ ‫ژ‬ೠ ઺ਃೞ‫ ׮‬ӝস੄ ૒੽ ଵৈա ޹ҙഈ۱ 111 ߑध੄ ଵৈद ӝস਷ ਬূ Ӗ‫ߥ۽‬ஹಂ ‫؀‬ਗ஗ ੉৻ী‫ ب‬ਬূ ੋӂ੉ࢎഥ੄ ӝসҗ ੋӂ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ ١ ӝস੄ ੋӂ੸ ଼‫ࢿޖ‬ਸ पୌೞ۰‫֢ ח‬۱ਸ ъച೧ঠ ೠ‫ ׮‬ ై‫ݺ‬ೠ ଵৈ੸ ੄ࢎѾ੿ җ੿җ द޹ࢎഥ੄ ଵৈ .%(T‫ ח‬ਬূ ࢎ‫ޖ‬Ҵ ҙ‫ ੄ܐ‬઱‫ ۽ب‬ೞೱधਵ‫݅ ۽‬ٜযઉ ୡ߈ӝী ਬূ ഥਗ Ҵо৬ द޹ࢎഥ ١ ‫׮‬নೠ ੉೧ҙ҅੗੄ ઱ੋ ੄ध੉ ஂড೮‫ ח׮‬૑੸ਸ ߉ও‫ ׮‬ਬূ ୨ഥܳ ాೠ ֤੄৬ Ѿ੿ਵ‫ ۽‬ ੿‫ࢿ׼‬җ ‫؀‬಴ࢿਸ ֫੉‫ ח‬Ѫ੉ ೙ਃೞ‫ غ‬Ҵ੊ ઺ब੄ ֤੄‫ ۽‬൒ܰ‫ ח‬Ѫਸ ߑ૑ೞӝ ਤ೧ द޹ࢎഥ৬ ઱ਃ Ӓ‫ ܛ‬.BKPS (SPVQT ١ ҕ੊җ ࢎഥ҃ઁ੸ ড੗੄ ӂܻ৬ ੉੊ਸ ‫߸؀‬ೞ‫ ח‬Ӓ‫ ੄ܛ‬ ଵৈܳ ੸ӓ੸ਵ‫ࠁ ۽‬੢ೞ‫ ח‬Ѫ੉ ೙ਃೞ‫ ׮‬ҕ੸ੋ ࢿѺ੄ 0%"৬ ೣԋ द޹੄ ‫ݽ‬Әਸ ాೠ ੤ਗ ‫ژ‬ೠ ઺ਃೣਸ Ҋ۰ೡ ‫ ٸ‬द޹ࢎഥо ࠁ‫ ׮‬ഝߊ൤ ଼੐ࢿਸ ૑ఃҊ ࠼Ҍృ஖ ഝ‫ز‬ী ଵৈೡ ࣻ ੓‫ ۾ب‬೙ਃೠ ઁ‫ ੸଼੿ ੸ب‬ജ҃ FOBCMJOH FOWJSPONFOU ܳ ҳ୷ೞ‫ ח‬Ѫ ‫ژ‬ೠ ‫ݒ‬਋ ઺ਃೞ‫ ׮‬ ೠಞ ࠗ࢑౵౟ցभীࢲ ъઑ೮٠੉ द޹ࢎഥо ѐߊ੿଼ ഋࢿҗ੿ী ଵৈೞҊ хदೞ‫ ח‬ গ٘ࠁழद ৉ೡਸ ബҗ੸ਵ‫ࣻ ۽‬೯ೞҊ द޹ࢎഥ ѐߊബҗࢿਸ ૐ૓ೞӝ ਤ೧ ੗ߊ੸ਵ‫݅ ۽‬ٚ ੉झ఍ࠛ ਗ஗ਸ ‫੸ߧݽ‬ਵ‫ ۽‬पୌೡ ೙ਃо ੓‫ ׮‬

8 ತп৭ ੺‫ݏ‬ ߈ӝ‫ ޙ‬ਬূ ࢎ‫ޖ‬୨੢਷ 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ ֤੄ܳ द੘ೞ‫ ࢲݶ‬җѢ੄ ҙणী ঵‫੉ݒ‬૑ ݈Ҋ ഄन੸ੋ ߊ࢚җ ੽Ӕਸ ా೧ ૑ҳୣ ࠼Ҍਸ ബҗ੸ਵ‫ ۽‬ઙधೞҊ ૑ࣘо‫ݾ ੹ߊמ‬಴ܳ ࢿஂೞ੗Ҋ ъઑೠ ߄ ੓‫ ׮‬Ӓ۞ա ૑Әө૑੄ ֤੄ җ੿ਸ ‫੉ج‬ெ ࠅ ‫ ٸ‬җো Ӓ۠ ദӝ੸ੋ ߊ࢚੄ ੹ജҗ ੽Ӕ੉ ੉‫ܖ‬য૑Ҋ ੓‫ח‬૑ ੄‫ ׮੉ޙ‬ৈ੹൤ rҴо੉੊sਸ ҳप‫࠼ ۽‬Ҍ੄ ଼੐ਸ ‫ ܲ׮‬ա‫ۄ‬ী ੹оೞ‫ ח‬క‫ب‬о ߄Շ૑ ঋҊ ੓‫ ׮‬1PTU ‫ ח‬.%(T‫ ۽‬೧Ѿೞ૑ ‫ޅ‬ೠ ૑ҳୣ ࠼Ҍ‫ ܳઁޙ‬ബҗ੸ਵ‫ ۽‬೧Ѿೞ‫ ח‬ Ҵઁࢎഥ੄ ‫ݾ‬಴৬ ߑೱਸ Ѿ੿ೞ‫઺ ח‬ਃೠ ৉ࢎ੸ җ੿੉‫ ׮‬ౠ൤ 1PTU ‫ ח‬ই૒ ӓबೠ ࠼Ҍҗ ӝইܳ ߩযա૑ ‫ޅ‬ೠ র੄ ‫ز‬द‫ੋ؀‬ী ‫؀‬ೠ ଼‫ࢿޖ‬җ ো‫੄؀‬धਸ पୌೞ‫ ח‬৉ࢎ੸ җઁ੉੗ ੄‫੉ޖ‬ӝ‫ ب‬ೞ‫ ׮‬ .%(Tо ઁ੿‫ ؀֙ ؍঻غ‬ୡ ೠҴ਷ Ҵઁѐߊ ࠙ঠ੄ ߸ߑ੉঻૑݅ അ੤ 1PTU җ੿ীࢲ ઺ਃೠ ܻ؊भਸ ೯ࢎೞ‫ ח‬ਤ஖ী ੓‫׮ ׮‬೯൤ ୭Ӕ ೠҴࢎഥী Ҵઁӏߧী ‫؀‬ೠ ࣻ‫ࣻ ੸ز‬ਊ੗о ই‫੸ ۄפ‬ӓ ଵৈೞ‫ܻ ח‬؊भҗ ઱੄੄ध੄ ઺ਃࢿী ‫؀‬ೠ ੋध੉ ֫ই૑Ҋ ੓‫ ׮‬૑ҳୣ ࠼Ҍী ‫؀‬ೠ ҙब੉ ֫ই૑Ҋ ࣁ҅द޹੄धਸ ы୸ Ҵ޹੉ ੼੼ ‫ט‬যաҊ ੓‫۞੉ ׮‬ೠ ‫ۅݓ‬ীࢲ 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁ‫ ח‬ೠҴ੿ࠗ৬ द޹ࢎഥ ‫فݽ‬ীѱ ӝഥ੉੗ ‫ࠗ੿ ׮੉੹ب‬৬ द޹ࢎഥ‫ ח‬1PTU ܳ ഝਊೞৈ Ҵઁѐߊഈ۱ ੿଼ਸ Ҵઁӏߧী ࠗ೤ೞ‫ ۾ب‬ѐࢶೞҊ ੿ࠗ৬ द޹ࢎഥо ࠺౸੸ ഈ۱ҙ҅ܳ ా೧ Ҵઁࢎഥীࢲ ܻ؊भ ৉ೡਸ ‫੸ߧݽ‬ਵ‫ࣻ ۽‬೯ೞ‫ࣼࢿ ח‬ೠ ౵౟ցभਸ ߊ੹दெ աоӝܳ ӝ‫؀‬೧ ࠄ‫ ׮‬

1PTU }ၽ᮹ᱽ௡ ྕᨨᯙa

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1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜ р▓╜рд╜р╣Ц

1PTU ╤Р▀КрйДркБ тАл ▌Ч┘Ш█╜тАм m

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1PTU }сБ╜со╣с▒╜рпб р╛ХсииспЩa

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࠘‫ۿ‬ " ଵҊ੗‫ܐ‬ Ҵղ੗‫ܐ‬ ↟,%* 1PTU %FWFMPQNFOU "HFOEB Ҵઁ֤੄അട ߂ ,%*੄ ৉ೡ

↟੐ࣗ૓ Ҵઁࢎഥ੄ 1PTU ѐߊ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ ࣻ݀‫ز‬ೱ ߂ ೠҴ 0%"੄ ӝৈߑউ ,0*$" ѐߊ੿଼ನழझ ઁ ഐ ֙ ਘ ↟,%* ~ ֙੉റ ѐߊ੄ઁ ࠁҊࢲ

↟੐ࣗ૓ 1PTU ѐߊ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼৬ 6/ ҊਤәಁօࠁҊࢲ ѐߊഈ۱ ੿଼җ ੉ग ઁ ഐ ֙ ਘ ↟੐ࣗ૓ ‫ ܳفݽ‬ਤೠ ಿਤ੓‫ ࢕ ח‬1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁܳਤೠ 6/ ࢎ‫ޖ‬୨੢ࠁҊࢲ ,0*$" ੿଼җ ੉गઁ ഐ ֙ ਘ ↟ਬਔઑ 1PTU ৬ ೠҴ 0%" ੿଼੄ ѐࢶҗઁ ੉ग৬֤੼ ഐ Ҵഥੑߨઑࢎ୊ ֙ ਘ

ೠҴद޹ࢎഥࢿ‫׏ ߂ ࢲݺ‬झۨఠ ↟ 1PTU ѐߊ੄ઁী‫؀‬ೠ ೠҴद޹ࢎഥ੄ ੑ੢ ਘ ↟ 1PTU ਬূ ҊਤәಁօࠁҊࢲী ‫؀‬ೠ ೠҴद޹ࢎഥ੄ ੑ੢ ਘ

↟ #FZPOE ,PSFB /FXTMFUUFS /P ֙ ਘ #FZPOE ,PSFB ↟ #FZPOE ,PSFB /FXTMFUUFS /P ֙ ਘ #FZPOE ,PSFB ↟ #FZPOE ,PSFB /FXTMFUUFS /P &OHMJTI ֙ ਘ #FZPOE ,PSFB

# ҙ۲ ਢࢎ੉౟ ઱ࣗ ਬূ ߂ Ҵઁӝҳ ਢࢎ੉౟ 1PTU ҙ۲ ਬূ ਢࢎ੉౟ ↟ XXX VO PSH NJMMFOOJVNHPBMT CFZPOE TIUNM 6/ XFCTJUF PO 1PTU ↟ XXX VO PSH NJMMFOOJVNHPBMT 6/ 8FCTJUF PO .%(T ↟ XXX FOEQPWFSUZ PSH 6/ .JMMFOOJVN $BNQBJHO PO .%(T ↟ XXX TVTUBJOBCMFEFWFMPQNFOU VO PSH 6/ 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU ,OPXMFEHF 1MBUGPSN ↟ XXX TVTUBJOBCMFEFWFMPQNFOU VO PSH PXH IUNM 6/ 08( 4%(T ↟ XXX TVTUBJOBCMFEFWFMPQNFOU VO PSH JOEFY QIQ NFOV 6/ )-1' ↟ XXX VO PSH FO EFWFMPQNFOU EFTB QPMJDZ VOUBTLUFBN@VOEG 6/ 4ZTUFN 5BTL 5FBN ↟ XXX QPTU IMQ PSH 6/4(sT )-1 PO 1PTU ↟ XXX XPSMEXFXBOU PSH " KPJOU JOJUJBUJWF CFUXFFO UIF 6/ BOE $JWJM 4PDJFUZ ↟ XXX NZXPSME PSH " HMPCBM TVSWFZ GPS DJUJ[FOT MFE CZ UIF 6/ BOE QBSUOFST ↟ XXX VOTETO PSH 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU 4PMVUJPO /FUXPSL GPS 6/ ҙ۲ ਬূ ߂ Ҵઁӝҳ ਢࢎ੉౟ ↟ XXX VODTE PSH ↟ XXX VOEQPSH ↟ XXX VOSJTE PSH ↟ XXX VO OHMT PSH

6/ 3JP 6/ %FWFMPQNFOU 1SPHSBN 6/ 3FTFBSDI *OTUJUVUF GPS 4PDJBM %FWFMPQFOU 6/3*4%

6/ /(-4

1PTU }ၽ᮹ᱽ௡ ྕᨨᯙa

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↟ XXX VOHMPCBMDPNQDU PSH ↟ XXX FGGFDUJWFDPPQFSBUJPO PSH

6/ (MPCBM $PNQBDU (MPCBM 1BSUOFSTIJQ GPS &GGFDUJWF %FWFMPQNFOU $PPQFSBUJPO (1&%$

Ҵઁद޹ࢎഥ‫୓ױ‬৬ োҳࣗ ↟ "%" XXX BEBBTJB PSH ↟ #FZPOE XXX CFZPOE PSH ↟ $*7*$64 XXX DJWJDVT PSH ↟ $1%& XXX DTPQBSUOFSTIJQ PSH ↟ ($"1 XXX XIJUFCBOE PSH ↟ *'1 XXX POH OHP PSH ↟ 0%* XFCTJUF PO 1PTU XXX QPTU PSH XXX PEJ PSH VL ↟ 4PDJBM 8BUDI XXX TPDJBMXBUDI PSH ↟ 1"35*$*1"5& XXX QBSUJDJQBUF PSH ↟ $JWJM 4PDJFUZ 3FGMFDUJO (SPVQ XXX SFGMFDUJPOHSPVQ PSH ೠҴ੿ࠗ৬ द޹ࢎഥ‫୓ױ‬ ੿ࠗӝҙ ↟ Ҵ‫ޖ‬ઑ੿पѐߊഈ۱੿଼ҙप 0%"ҙ۲ ੿ࠗ ҕध উղࢎ੉౟ ↟ 0%" ੿ࠁࣃఠ ,0*$" XXX PEB HP LS ↟ ,0*$" ೠҴҴઁഈ۱‫ ױ‬ XXX LPJDB HP LS ↟ &%$' ‫ઁ҃৻؀‬ഈ۱ӝӘ XXX FEDGLPSFB HP LS

XXX PEBLPSFB HP LS

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XXX OHPLDPD PS LS XXX LPGJE PSH XXX NEHLPSFB PSH XXX LBJEFD PSH XXX TETOL PS LS XXX VOHMPCBMDPNQBDU LS IUUQ DBGF OBWFS DPN CFZPOE

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1PTU }ၽ᮹ᱽ௡ ྕᨨᯙa

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↟ &%$' &DPOPNJD %FWFMPQNFOU $PPQFSBUJPO 'VOE ‫ઁ҃৻؀‬ഈ۱ӝӘ ↟ &6 &VSPQFBO 6OJPO ਬۣো೤ ↟ '55 'JOBODJBM 5SBOTBODUJPO 5BY Әਲ਼Ѣ‫ ࣁې‬ ↟ ($"1 ,PSFB (MPCBM $BMM UP "DUJPO "HBJOTU 1PWFSUZ ,PSFB ೠҴ ૑ҳୣ࠼Ҍృ஖द޹ো‫؀‬ ↟ ($"1 (MPCBM $BMM UP "DUJPO "HBJOTU 1PWFSUZ ࠼Ҍృ஖ܳਤೠ ૑ҳ೯‫ز‬ ↟ (1&%$ (MPCBM 1BSUOFSTIJQ GPS &GGFDUJWF %FWFMPQNFOU $PPQFSBUJPO ബҗ੸ੋѐߊഈ۱ਸਤೠӖ‫ߥ۽‬౵౟ցभ ↟ )-' UI )JHI MFWFM 'PSPN PO "JE &GGFDUJWFOFTT ࠗ࢑ ࣁ҅ѐߊਗઑ୨ഥ ↟ )-1 )JHI -FWFM 1BOFM PO UIF 1PTU %FWFMPQNFOU "HFOEB ֙ ੉റ ѐߊ੄ઁী ҙೠ ਬূҊਤәಁօ ↟ )-1' 6/ )JHI -FWFM 1PMJUJDBM 'PSVN ਬূ૑ࣘо‫ ੹ߊמ‬Ҋਤә੿஖ನۢ ↟ *'1 *OUFSOBUJPOBM 'PSVN PG /BUJPOBM /(0 1MBUGPSNT Ҵо߹ /(0ഈ੄୓Ҵઁನۢ ↟ *1 *TUBOCVM 1SJODJQMFT GPS $40 %FWFMPQNFOU &GGFDUJWFOFTT द޹ࢎഥ ѐߊബҗࢿਸ ਤೠ ੉झ఍ࠛ ਗ஗ ↟ ,"*%&$ ,PSFB "TTPDJBUJPO PG *OUFSOBUJPOBM %FWFMPQNFOU BOE $PPQFSBUJPO Ҵઁѐߊഈ۱೟ഥ ↟ ,%* ,PSFB %FWFMPQNFOU *OTUJUVUF ೠҴѐߊোҳਗ ↟ ,0*$" ,PSFB *OUFSOBUJPOBM $PPQFSBUJPO "HFODZ ೠҴҴઁഈ۱‫ױ‬ ↟ -%$T -FBTU %FWFMPQFE $PVOUSJFT ୭࠼ѐ‫ب‬Ҵ ↟ .%(T .JMMFOOJVN %FWFMPQNFOU (PBMT ࢜ୌ֙ѐߊ‫ݾ‬಴ ↟ /*&0 /FX *OUFSOBUJPOBM &DPOPNJD 0SEFS नҴઁ҃ઁ૕ࢲ ↟ 0%" 0GGJDJBM %FWFMPQNFOU "TTJTUBODF ҕ੸ѐߊਗઑ ↟ 0%* 0WFSTFBT %FWFMPQNFOU *OTUJUVUF Ҵઁѐߊোҳࣗ ↟ 0&$% %"$ 0&$% %FWFMPQNFOU "TTJTUBODF $PNNJUUFF 0&$%ѐߊਗઑਤਗഥ ↟ 0&$% 0SHBOJ[BUJPO GPS &DPOPNJD $P PQFSBUJPO BOE %FWFMPQNFOU ҃ઁഈ۱ѐߊӝҳ ↟ 08( 4%(T 0QFO 8PSLJOH (SPVQ PO 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU (PBMT ૑ࣘо‫ݾ੹ߊמ‬಴ ҕѐ੘স߈ ↟ 1(4% 1FPQMFsT (PBMT GPS 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU ޹઺੄ ૑ࣘо‫ݾ੹ߊמ‬಴ ↟ 111 1VCMJD 1SJWBUF 1BSUOFSTIJQ ޹ҙഈ۱ ↟ 4$1 4VTUBJOBCMF $POTVNQUJPO BOE 1SPEVDUJPO ૑ࣘо‫מ‬ೠ ࣗ࠺৬ ࢤ࢑ ↟ 4%(T 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU (PBMT ૑ࣘо‫ݾ੹ߊמ‬಴ ↟ 4%4/ 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU 4PMVUJPOT/FUXPSL ૑ࣘо‫੹ߊמ‬೧ߨ֎౟ਕ௼ ↟ 58/ 5IJSE 8PSME /FUXPSL ઁ ࣁ҅֎౟ਕ௼ ↟ 6/$4% 6OJUFE /BUJPOT $PNNJTTJPO PO 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU ਬূ ૑ࣘо‫੹ߊמ‬ਤਗഥ ↟ 6/$4% 6OJUFE /BUJPOT $POGFSFODF PO 4VTUBJOBCMF %FWFMPQNFOU ਬূ૑ࣘо‫੹ߊמ‬ഥ੄ ܻ਋

↟ 6/%$' 6OJUFE /BUJPOT %FWFMPQNFOU $PPQFSBUJPO 'PSVN ਬূѐߊഈ۱ನۢ ↟ 6/ %( 6OJUFE /BUJPOT %FWFMPQNFOU (SPVQ ਬূѐߊӒ‫ܛ‬ ↟ 6/ &$040$ &DPOPNJD BOE 4PDJBM $PVODJM ਬূ҃ઁࢎഥ੉ࢎഥ ↟ 6/ /(-4 6OJUFE /BUJPOT /PO HPWFSONFOUBM -BJTJPO 4FSWJDF ਬূ࠺੿ࠗো‫࠺ࢲۅ‬झ ↟ 6/4( 6OJUFE /BUJPOT 4FDSFUBSZ (FOFSBM ਬূࢎ‫ޖ‬୨੢ ↟ 6/ 4ZTUFN 55 6OJUFE /BUJPOT 4ZTUFN 5BTL 5FBN ਬূ दझమ ੘স߈ ↟ 6/$)& 6OJUFE /BUJPOT $POGFSFODF PO )VNBO &OWJSPOFNOU ਬূੋрജ҃ഥ੄ ↟ 6/%1 6OJUFE /BUJPOT %FWFMPQNFOU 1SPHSBNNF ਬূѐߊ҅ദ ↟ 6/&" 6OJUFE /BUJPOT &OWJSPONFOU "TTFNCMZ ਬূ ജ҃୨ഥ ↟ 6/&1 6OJUFE /BUJPOT &OWJSPONFOU 1SPHSBNNF ਬূജ҃҅ദ ↟ 6/($ 6OJUFE /BUJPOT (MPCBM $PNQBDU ਬূӖ‫ߥ۽‬௓ಂ౟ ↟ 6/3*4% 6OJUFE /BUJPOT 3FTFBSDI *OTUJUVUF GPS 4PDJBM %FWFMPQFOU ਬূࢎഥߊ੹োҳࣗ ↟ 850 8PSME 5SBEF 0SHBOJ[BUJPO ࣁ҅‫ޖ‬৉ӝҳ

1PTU }ၽ᮹ᱽ௡ ྕᨨᯙa

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