Kohan Textile Journal Vol.5 No.10 - December 2011
Middle East Textile Journal
CONTENTS 8
VAN DE WIELE at Domotex Hannover 2012 Carpet Innovators and innovations
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Oerlikon Textile ; simplifies Organization and moves Management to Shanghai
10 Increasing the output of Rieter E 7/5 and E 7/5A combers
Kohan Textile Journal Vol.5 - No.10 - December 2011 ISSN : 1735 - 9619 Editor-in-Chief : Behnam Ghasemi Navid Hadiashar Advisory Board : Dr. Behnam Pourdeyhimi NC State University.Raleigh.USA Dr. Noorullah Soomro Mehran University.Pakistan .........................
TÜRKİYE SAYFALARIN SORUMLUSU HÜSEYİN KERİMİFER
Technical Editor : Mir Shahin Seyed Saleh Circulation Director : Shiva Behshadfar Tel: (+98 21) 77245780 Fax: (+98 21) 77243296 info@kohanjournal.com www.kohanjournal.com P.O. Box : 16765/465 Tehran- Iran Print, Design and Publish: Kohan Negar
11 Direct Spin-Knit Process; F132-AJ
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12 SwissTex at DOMOTEX 2012 13 Year-on-Year Global Fabric Production Down in Q2/2011 14 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED TREATMENT OF PECTINASES AND PECTATE LYASES ENZYMES IN COTTON KNITTED FABRIC SCOURING
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18 DOMOTEX 2012: exclusive design and quality contacts 19 Leading textile machinery manufacturers snap up ITMA ASIA + CITME 2012 exhibition space
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20 Textile exhibitions must be organized in textile countries 21 INDEX Dubai 2011 Final Report 24 Company News 31 A French solution for a Belgian dyehouse success story 32 DOMOTEX asia/CHINAFLOOR becomes main focus in China’s largest construction and green building event 33 Fiber From A to Z
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OUR NEXT EVENT :
DOMOTEX Hannover 2012 www.kohanjournal.com
VAN DE WIELE at Domotex Hannover 2012
Carpet Innovators and innovations
V
an de Wiele has succesfully introduced it’s new Innovatorrange of carpet weaving machines on last ITMA. Now the range has been extended with the Handlook Carpet Innovator HCiX2, using 3 rapier technology, producing 50% more than double rapier machines, very nice carpets with a hand-knotted look backside (Fig. 1). The maximum reed density has even been extended to 1000 d/mwith 8 colour frames, being the most dense machine-made handlook carpets available on the market, with more then 2.000.000 points/m².
Samples of this innovation are displayed at the Van de Wiele booth. The HCiX2 is the reference for handlook carpets in Iran, Turkey, Belgium, China, in reed densities from 240 up to 1000 d/m. • The Rug & Carpet Innovator range is now available in a 5 m weaving width execution, for optimized combinations of area rug dimensions. Studies has proven that the 5 m wide carpet weaving machine of the Innovator range compared to the traditional 4 m
wide has a payback of less then 2,5 years. This is valid for traditional design carpets and modern rugs with loop and cut pile, up to 10 colours, sisal look carpets, outdoor carpets and shaggy carpets. • Many Van de Wiele MAX91 Axminster carpet machines are already equipped with a Smart Creel, replacing the labour intensive and unflexible traditional bobbin creel. This robotized creel is now also available for the AWi01 wire weaving machine (Fig. 2).
• On the Van de Wiele booth innovative
carpet qualities are shown, having pile and fillings effects, woven on the Rug and Carpet Innovator RCi03, equipped with the Smart Filling Selector, producing 50% more than on a double rapier machine (Fig. 3). New sisal look qualities, using thick filling yarns, woven on the SLi03 Sisal look Innovator and Axminster carpets up to 32 colours are presented. For more information on these and other carpet qualities, we welcome you on our booth C55 – Hall 5.
Fig. 3
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Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
Oerlikon Textile simplifies Organization and moves Management to Shanghai he Oerlikon Group will simplify its Textile Segment to further increase competitiveness and profitability. The three key elements of this change are - the consolidation of the five Textile machinery and components businesses into three Business Units (BUs), - the relocation of Textile’s headquarters to Shanghai, and - Increased R&D investment in both Germany and Asia to around CHF 80 million.
In line with the new organizational structure, Clement Woon, an internationally experienced executive will succeed Thomas Babacan as Segment CEO on 1 January 2012. Oerlikon’s CEO, Dr. Michael Buscher, said: “We have seen strong improvement in our Textile business, resulting in record margins. With the announcement today we are positioning the Segment even closer to our largest customers, consistent with our strategy to further increase efficiency and profitability. I would like to thank Thomas Babacan for his dedication to Oerlikon and welcome Clement Woon to the company.” Today’s announcement supports the continuation of the focus on operational discipline, lifting the underlying performance of Oerlikon Textile to a new level, building on an already strong market position in Asia. The refocusing of Oerlikon Textile comprises three key elements:
Oerlikon Textile Executives, including the CEO and CFO, will relocate to Shanghai in the first quarter of 2012. By end of 2012 more than 40 % of all Textile senior management positions will be based at Oerlikon’s new office in Shanghai. - R&D investments in Germany and China
Oerlikon Textile will increase its 2012 R&D investment in Germany to around CHF 60 million (worldwide to around CHF 80 million) and start ramping up R&D capacity in China. The German R&D organization will focus on the continued development of ground breaking innovations such as the recently launched Autocoro 8 from Oerlikon Schlafhorst. The Asian R&D capability will specialize in regional adaptation. After successful contribution over many years, Thomas Babacan will hand over his management responsibilities as Segment CEO to Clement Woon (52, a citizen of Singapore) on 1 January 2012 and leave the company.
With a presence in this region for almost 50 years, Oerlikon Textile’s sales in Asia will reach around 70 % of total sales in 2011. “To ensure the continuation of this success, we will manage the textile business directly out of its most important market and at the same time strengthen R&D capabilities, especially
in Germany”, said Group CEO Buscher. Nearly 45 % of Oerlikon Textile employees are based in Asia today, with that share rising to 50 % by the end of 2014. By the end of 2012 more than 40 % of Oerlikon Textile senior management positions will be based in Shanghai (up from 10 % at present). With this simplification of the organization, and a strong order book reaching into 2014, Oerlikon Textile is positioned to benefit from longterm trends in the textile industry. Profile of Clement Woon
Clement Woon (52, Singaporean) is an internationally experienced Executive. He has held leadership positions at, inter alia, Thomson Consumer Electronics and the Leica Group. In his previous position, Clement Woon served from 2008 to 2011 as President and CEO of SATS Ltd., Singapore, an airline catering and ground handling service provider with sales of CHF 1.2 billion, listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange. In this function he led the expansion of the company into the non-aviation sector, diversifying the portfolio and paving the way for sustainable development. As the President of Geosystems Division of Leica Geosystems AG, a multinational corporation based in Switzerland, Clement Woon led the transformation of the company’s value chain to deliver cost effective high technology solutions for the Surveying industry.
Simplified organization with consolidation from five BUs to three
A new Manmade Fibers BU will comprise Oerlikon Barmag and Oerlikon Neumag. The new Natural Fibers BU will consist of Oerlikon Schlafhorst and Oerlikon Saurer. The structure of the Textile Components BU remains unaffected by the realignment. Branding will not change. Shift of key Oerlikon Textile management to Shanghai
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
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Increasing the output of roduction bottlenecks in combing operations can be avoided - by the systematic conversion of existing machines. Find out more about the advantages of the conversion kit for the E 7/5 and E 7/5A combers. These conversion kits are quickly delivered and have an immediate impact on output.
Rieter E 7/5 and E 7/5A combers
to be increased. (Fig. 1) The Rieter high-performance nipper enables output to be increased by up to 15%. The higher clamping force of the nipper ensures that the lap is grasped more firmly and enables batt weights of up to 80g/m to be processed. This results in fewer imperfections and in raw material savings with the same noil extraction rates. (Fig. 2 / Fig. 3) The PRIMACOMB速 circular combs are very important for trouble-free running behaviour, the desired noil extraction rate and the required yarn quality. The circular combs are a core competence of Rieter. They can justifiably be described as the heart of every Rieter comber.
Fig. 2 The high-performance nipper The E 7/5 and E 7/5A generations of combers have reliably done their job day after day for many years. The production potential of these combers can be exploited to the full by this conversion, which enables nip rates to be increased from 250 nips/min. to a maximum of 350 nips/min. Numerous customers have made this conversion in recent years. They report positive results - higher production volumes and improved quality values of the combed sliver.
Original technology components make it possible The conversion kit consists of several modules. Rieter technology components interact ideally - only in this way can increased output and enhanced quality be achieved. The high-performance nipper, the circular comb and the top comb - these are the 3 essential technology elements in this conversion kit. A new main motor enables nip rates
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The distinguishing feature of Ri-Q-Top top combs compared to conventional top combs with needles is better selfcleaning and thus reduced soiling. Cleaning cycles are therefore up to 4 times longer. More effective top comb
Fig. 1 The new main motor after conversion
action is achieved due to optimum tooth shape and cross-section. More short fibres, dust, dirt, neps and seed trash are removed. Rieter combers fulfill the highest standards from the first moment of commissioning and over many years. The special conversions kits developed by Rieter enable the growing demands in terms of productivity and quality in spinning mills to be met.
Fig. 3 The nipper in operation on the comber
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
Direct Spin-Knit Process; F132-AJ The Terrot Highlight at ITMA 2011
he Terrot F132-AJ direct spin-knit process uses an air jet spinning system. It does not mount the rovings, clearing or drafting units or indeed spinning nozzles on the knitting machine. Instead it has a creel type arrangement on three sides of the machine which house the complete rovings to spinning process. In other words, yarns are spun by the side of the machine and then fed to it in a more “normal” way. The F132-AJ spinning unit can be fitted to all Terrot Single-Jersey and Double-Jersey machines. The direct spinknit system is even suitable for high system densities and large diameters (up to 120 feeders) and can be used in gauges from E20 - E36. The spinning system, which is modular can be fitted with 24, 32 or 40 spinning heads per unit and has an integrated flyer, integrated fluff removal and integrated monitoring process. The fabrics have a top quality feel and look, a soft handle and good dye ability with rich colors. Elastane plaiting is also possible with the new Terrot system. The F132-AJ has a speed factor of up to 600 (20rpm, 30") and unfinished fabric output of up to 360kg/24 hours (20rpm, 30"). A huge number of Terrot agents followed the invitation to Barcelona and supported the Terrot Team in the customer counselling service. Terrot is one of the leading manufacturers of electronically and mechanically controlled circular knitting machines worldwide. It even defends its position in the development and production of specialized machines and is counted among the most important members of the group “Schüring and Andreas”. Terrot strategic orientation of the company combines its traditional values like superior quality, innovative engineering solutions and consequent customer orientation with the demands of the global markets.
The focus on trendsetting technologies, highest quality, flexibility, a long-term oriented portfolio and finance strategy and the defined objective to become a worldwide leading manufacturer of circular knitting machines, Terrot will further expand Useable Knitting machines - applicable for all Single and Double-Jersey machines - even for high system densities and big diameters (up to 120 feeders) - producible gauge from E20 – E36 Yarn qualities - Nm 40 to Nm 100 - combed cotton mean staple length - synthetic fiber - blended fiber Production efficiency - speed factor up to 600 (20 RPM, 30”) - unfinished fabric output up to 360 kg/24h Efficiency - 33% – 40% less required space - up to 50% energy savings - up to 30% less investment costs - up to 50% less production costs Fabric characteristics - top quality look and feel
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
- soft grip - good dyeability, rich colours - Elastane plating possible Spin device - modular based system - 24, 32 or 40 spinning heads in 1 unit - integrated flyer - integrated fluff removal - integrated monitoring process
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SwissTex at DOMOTEX 2012 OMOTEX is the worldwide event in 2012 for Carpet yarns. SwissTex participates to the show and presents one of the most complete ranges for textile machinery to the carpet yarn industry. Perfect synergy between SwissTex Winterthur and SwissTex France
Today’s production of carpet yarns is a challenge requiring flexibility, creativity and market knowledge. With 80 years experience SwissTex Winterthur and SwissTex France (previously known under the brands Verdol, ARCT, ICBT, Rieter and RITM) are major players in the field of textile machinery. SwissTex Winterthur AG (Switzerland) is a global manufacturer of textile machinery and a system provider with a profound knowledge of BCF extrusion processes for the continuous filament market. It offers since years complete extrusion systems and expands now its product range. SwissTex France SAS (France) is a process expert in Cabling & Twisting of yarns made of synthetic, artificial and natural fibers. From chips to yarns-Ready to be weaved
The conversion of carpet fibers is becoming very versatile today. New yarn types are engineered and the integrated customers or converters need flexible and performing production equipment with the highest level of quality. SwissTex Winterthur sets new standards in BCF extrusion with its symTTex range. Enlarged with the new symTTex M30 the symTTex product portfolio offers our customer the possibility to find the plant customized to his individual needs.
This new 3-end per position BCF extru-
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sion system symTTex M30 combines all technical and textile technological features of the worldwide proven symTTex M20 and M40 BCF machines to achieve an improved, very uniform yarn quality in every aspect of the yarn properties. Based on extensive longtime experience, SwissTex developed the new symTTex M30 – a system technology perfectly balanced out concerning operation flexibility, yarn quality, production costs as well as investment costs – for the challenging BCF market. The components of the symTTex M30 fulfill all the requirements for a highly efficient yarn production.
Main characteristics symTTex M30 - BCF monocolour extrusion system for PP, PA 6, PA6.6, PET, PTT - 3-ends per position - Optimal symmetrical yarn path - Top loading spin beam - Rectangular spin-pack design - New air quench cabinet design - New additional aspirator and cutter unit - New IBH DSR draw rolls - New 3-end texturing unit HPc - New developed FW13 BCF 3-end winder with outstanding compact design - Option for additional DUO 1 - Further improvements regarding energy consumption - Minimization of the air consumption
The symTTex MC system stands for tailor-made Medium Capacity system to suit specific customer requirements with the following main characteristics: - Titer down to 200 dtex achievable - Outstanding high tenacities for BCF applications - Modular, pre-assembled, compact machine concept - Proven SwissTex draw rolls, texturing unit and winder are utilized - BCF / FDY combination available
SwissTex France is a major player supplying machinery in the field of cabling
and twisting for synthetic filaments and spun yarns. For the Cabling & Twisting process, the Company offers a wide range of machines with mechanical spindles: CD, DT and CDDT, as that carpets and rugs are more and more diversified in their style, look, structure, colors, patterns and presentations. They are characterized by spindle gauge and designed to process each type of yarn as economically as possible and in compliance with an industrial and ergonomic environment. SwissTex France will present at DOMOTEX the most complete product range of textile machinery on the carpet market namely:
CDDT 10 – Perfect for mass production - Reliable individual spindle tape drive system, - Fully suitable with new trends such as shaggy and super shaggy, “frizé” and shiny yarn, - Low power consumption with 10 and 10.6 inches feed packages, - Downtimes under control thanks to the Monitoring Unit SwissTex system, M.U.S.T..
CDDT 20 – Flexibility at the highest level - Individual spindle tape drive system uinder control with reliable spindle speed and metering sensoring device, sliding doors, pneumatic creel (optional), - Latest servo drive technology, - Real efficiency, kg, kWh/dtex… under control thanks to M.U.S.T. monitoring system, - Remote services. New upgrades - Significant energy saving through new textile equipments (available for 10 and 10’6 inches feed packages) - Improvement on tension winding - Enhanced maintenance on INCAS system
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
Year-on-Year Global Fabric Production Down in Q2/2011
Estimates for Yarn and Fabric Production Negative for Q3 but Outlook Positive for Q4
nly as a result of higher output in Asia in general and China in particular global yarn production increased in the 2nd quarter of 2011 in comparison to the previous quarter.
Also global fabric production rose in the 2nd quarter due to higher output in Asia and South America while production in Europe and North America fell. It is important to note that production in the 1st quarter in China is traditionally lower as a result of fewer working days due to the Chinese New Year holidays. Compared with the previous year, global yarn production increased somewhat due to higher output in Asia and North America and despite lower production in South America and Europe while global fabric production dropped with all regions suffering declines except for South America. Global yarn stocks soared in the 2nd quarter of 2011 compared with the previous quarter especially due to higher stocks in South America and Asia, while those in Europe and North America remained practically unchanged. Year-onyear yarn inventories jumped, especially in Asia and South America.
Fabric stocks were up in North and South America in the 2nd quarter of 2011 as compared to the previous one, while those in Europe and Asia fell slightly. On an annual basis fabric stocks jumped in North and South America, irrespective of slight falls in Europe and Asia. Global yarn and fabric orders fell in Europe and Brazil both in comparison
with the previous quarter and with the 2nd quarter of 2010.
Estimates for yarn and fabric production in the 3rd quarter of 2011 in most countries is either negative or unchanged. In the 4th quarter the outlook for yarn and fabric production improves with most countries seeing higher or unchanged output levels.
In comparison with the previous quarter, world yarn production increased in the 2nd quarter of 2011 by +12.1%. While Asia recorded an increase of +13.9%, all other regions recorded decreases (South America -7.3%, Europe -6.5% and North America -3.1%). Year-on-year global yarn production rose slightly by+1.0% due to higher output in Asia and North America by +1.8% and +0.4%, respectively, and despite lower levels in Europe (-8.3%) and in South America (-16.3%).
Compared with the previous quarter global fabric production increased in the 2nd quarter of 2011 by +4.4%. Fabric production rose by +5.1% in Asia and by +3.6% in South America, but fell in Europe and North America (-1.3% and -0.4%, respectively). In comparison to last year’s 2nd quarter global fabric production was down by -6.0%. Looking at the various regions only South America recorded an increase (+7.7%), while North America, Asia and Europe fabric production was reduced by -8.8%, -7.3% and -3.4%, re-
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
spectively.
Yarn inventories soared worldwide by +16.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2011 compared to the previous one. In South America and Asia they jumped by +39.9% and +21.8%, but remained almost unchanged in Europe and North America. On an annual basis global yarn stocks were up by +21.2%. Especially in South America and Asia yarn inventories soared by +82.8% and +26.1%, respectively, while in Europe and North America they were unchanged.
Global fabric inventories rose in the 2nd quarter of 2011 by +8.1% as compared to the previous one. In South America and North America they jumped by +56.8% and +9.2%, respectively, but fell in Asia (-3.5%) and Europe (-0.6%). In comparison to last year’s 2nd quarter global fabric inventories increased by +8.1%. In South America they were up by +44.6% and in North America by +12.9%, whereas they fell in Asia by 1.6% and in Europe by -0.4%. Yarn and fabric orders in Europe were slightly down by -0.4% and -1.2%, respectively in the 2nd quarter of 2011 compared to the previous one; in Brazil they plummeted by -30.4% and -10.5%, respectively. On an annual basis yarn and fabric orders were unchanged in Europe but dropped in Brazil by -40.0% and -18.7%, respectively.
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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED TREATMENT OF PECTINASES AND PECTATE LYASES ENZYMES IN COTTON KNITTED FABRIC SCOURING Arbab Alvira Ayoub, Sahito Iftikhar Ali, Soomoro Noorullah
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Ghasemi Behnam, Textile Engineer, Graduate of Islamic Azad University of Kashan, Iran.
hree different enzymatic scouring treatments are applied to cotton knitted fabrics prior to hydrogen peroxide bleaching at different temperature ranges (i.e 30ยบc-80ยบc). The scouring procedures include a treatment with a fiber surface-affecting treatment with pectinases, pectate lyases and a combination of these two enzymes at same parameters (pH, time temperature). Properties of the pretreated fabrics i.e hydrophilicity and % weight loss are studied after each process.. Bio pretreated and bleached fabrics were further compared with those treated with conventional caustic scoured and bleached fabrics respectively.
Conventional scouring with sodium hydroxide followed by peroxide bleaching causes the highest deterioration on the molecular level, but results maximum level of whiteness, where as pectinases and pectate lyases exhibit superior absorbency and lower weight loss, which is the major problem in conventional treatment of scouring. The bioscouring process with enzymes combination renders the fabric absorbent with higher whiteness. The effects are generally more pronounced at 60ยบc temperature, suggesting that change in the temperature may have an impact on the effectiveness of combined bio scouring process. Key words: Cotton, Enzymes, pectinases, pectate lyases, bio-scouring, bleaching
Introduction Cotton fabric has different kinds of impurities such as fats, waxes, pectinous
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substances, proteinous matter, ash etc. Presence of fats and waxes in cotton fabric imparts poor water absorbency. In order to hydrolyze these impurities, scouring of cotton fabric is normally carried out with strong alkali (sodium hydroxide) at high temperature and for longer duration. Although, this treatment gives very good results in terms of absorbency but it has also several drawbacks i.e high loss in weight of cellulosic material and high amount is required to rinse the conventionally scoured fabric [1-3].
on the other hand large amount of salt produced during the neutralization of alkali with acid, which causes high amount of waste generation during process. In order to compensate theses areas Considerable work has been reported on the action of pectinases, pectate lyases and their combinations at different temperature ranges 30-80ยบc with an interval of 10ยบc. In one of the re-
cent studies bio treatment of raw cotton fibers and scoured cotton with cellulases and pectinases has been reported [4].
During the last few years, alkaline pectinases enzyme has been found to be suitable for scouring of cellulosic material for removal of pectinous material .However, bio-scouring with pectinases enzyme being a milder process, natural coloring matter present is not effectively removed and thereby whiteness of bioscoured fabric is lower than that for alkali scoured fabric [5]. Pectinase is a multi-component enzymatic preparation highly effective in de-polymerizing vegetable Pectins with varying degrees of esterification, having several enzymatic activities and differing in substrate preference, reaction mechanism, and action pattern [6]. This difference in whiteness during bio-scouring persists even after bleaching by conventional method of bleaching. Alkali scoured and bleached
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
fabrics show higher whiteness than bioscoured and bleached fabrics. Pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2) catalyzes cleavage of α-1,4-glycosidic linkage in pectic acid. These two enzymes cleave linkages by β-elimination and generate products with 4,5-unsaturated residues at the non-reducing end [7]. Pectate Lyases have optimal pH around 8.5 and require divalent cations [8]. Hydrolases have optimal pH 6.0 or lower and do not required divalent cations. Pectate lyases when treated at elevated temperature range e.g. 80ºC, gives better results than pectinases enzymatic treatment. In order to overcome this drawback, pectate lyases have been combined with pectinases enzymes in a bath at same concentration and pH at different temperature ranges. Further bio treated fabrics were also treated with hydrogen peroxide bleaching in order to compare the difference between whiteness of conventionally scoured and bio scoured fabrics. 2. Experimental
2.1. The aim of the research
The aim of this proposed research work was to evaluate the properties of Scoured and Bleached Fabrics when treated with pectinases and pectate lyases and co -reaction of pectinases with pectate lyases enzymes. Since bio scouring process carried out in a single bath without any transitional washings or rinsing until the completion of the process. The oxide bleaching was processed in separate step respectively on a pilot HT dyeing machine. The results were compared with those taken by the conventional caustic scouring and peroxide bleaching in separate baths. 2.2. Fabric
Throughout this research work, untreated grey 100% cotton, single jersey weft knitted fabric was used. The weight of the fabric used was 150 grams per m2, yarn count of 40/1 Ne. The samples of approx: 15 g were used in the processes. Wet ability (absorbency), CIE whiteness index, and weight loss (%) test was carried out on the conventional treated, enzymatic treated and bleached fabrics.
2.3. Equipment used for the treatments and for the tests
The equipment used for the scouring, bleaching was HT Dyeing Machine with 16 tubes (Roaches), The absorbency was checked by drop test method ,weight loss(%) was calculated by weighing the fabrics before and after treatment with the help of weighing balance For the whiteness index values of the bleached fabrics were measured by X-rite color eye 7000 A spectrophotometer. 2.4. Chemicals and Enzymes
For conventional treatment of scouring caustic soda, an anionic wetting agent/surfactant (sandopan DTC), sequestering agent (Sirrix AK), and acetic acid of laboratory grade supplied by Clariant Pakistan ltd. Scourzyme L (Novozymes) is a Alkaline pectinases enzyme and can be used at pH 8.5-9 range, at 50-65ºC temperatures range. Bactosol co ip liq (Clariant) is an alkaline pectate lyases Enzymes `and can be used at pH 8.5-11, at 55- 80ºC temperatures. Nonionic surfactant (Imerol JSF liq), sequestering agent (Sirrix ANT OX IN liq), and Soda ash of laboratory grade supplied by Clariant chemicals Pakistan ltd were used. For bleaching Hydrogen peroxide, wetting agent /surfactant ((Imerol JSF liq), sequestering agent (Sirrix ANT OX IN liq), stabilizer SIFA, caustic soda (36 Be°). 2.5. Conventional Treatment of cotton knitted fabric
The untreated greige cotton knitted fabric was scoured in a bath containing 2% caustic soda (36 Be°) (owf), 0.5 mL /L wetting agent (Sandopan DTC) and 2g/l sequestering agent (sirrix AK) (owf) at 80ºC for 15 min, with a liquor ratio of 10:1. After scouring, a hot washing at 90 ºc for 10 min, a warm rinsing at 60 ºc for 10 min and finally, a cold rinsing at 20 ºc for 10 min were applied to the fabric, with a liquor ratio of 10:1 at each stage. The scoured fabric was eventually bleached at 80 ºC for 45 min in a bleaching bath comprised of 2 g/1 wetting agent, 3mL/1 NaOH,0.5 g /1 organic stabilizer ,(SIFA), 1.5 g/l sequestering agent (Sirrix ANT OX IN liq), 3 ml /l H2O2 .After the conventional bleaching process, the bleached fabric was washed at 75 ºC for 20 min and neutralized, and then, treated with 1 g /l
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
washing agent at 85 ºC for 10 min. This was followed by two rinses at 85 ºC for 10 min each and finally, a cold rinse was applied for 10 min.
2.6. Enzymatic Treatment of cotton knitted fabric
The greige cotton knitted fabrics were subjected to individual enzymatic treatment such as Scourzyme L(alkaline pectinases) enzyme, Bactosol co ip liquid (pectate lyases) enzyme and combined enzymatic treatment of both enzymes (Scourzyme L and Bactosol co ip liq) at different temperature ranges such as (30-80°C) on same process parameters. Along with 1% individual and combination enzymatic solution with 1% nonionic surfactant (Imerol JSF liq), 1% sequestering agent (sirrix ANT OX IN liq) were used in a HT dyeing machine .The treatment was carried out at 30-80°C temperature for 15 min using a material to liquor ratio 1:10.A small 0.25g/l of soda ash was added to adjust the pH of the liquor at 8.5 (alkaline pH).After wards the enzymes activity was inactivated by raising the temperature at 95 °C for 10 min. afterwards cool down the bath ,thoroughly hot wash the scoured samples for 5 min at 70 °C and the cold wash at 40°C for 5 min. The Enzymatic treated fabrics were ultimately bleached at 80 ºC for 45 min in a bleaching bath comprised of 2 g/1 wetting agent, 3mL/1 NaOH,0.5 g /1 organic stabilizer, (SIFA), 1.5 g/l sequestering agent (Sirrix ANT OX IN liq) ,3 ml /l H2O2 . After the conventional bleaching process, the bleached fabric was washed at 75 ºC for 20 min and neutralized, and then, treated with 1 g /l washing agent at 85 ºC for 10 min. This was followed by two rinses at 85 ºC for 10 min each and finally, a cold rinse was applied for 10 min. 3 - Results
The following results were obtained from the experimental work carried out on a laboratory scale. %WL (weight loss %) and hydrophylicity has been the parameter used to determine the results of the bioscouring process for the different temperature ranges on the fabric. Some information on the hydrophylicity can be obtained from the drop test. Table 1 shows wetablity and weight loss of the fabric, in case of bio treated fabrics with
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pectinases, pectate lyases and combination of these two enzymes. The whiteness of bleached fabrics previously scoured with and enzymes was also shown in Table 2.
3.1. Influence of temperature on the bioscouring process
Pectate lyases enzymes are well known for their temperature bearing nature i.e. they sustain and activate at higher temperatures; whereas pectinases do not withstand at maximum values. The optimal working temperature of the pectinases enzyme is 60ºC according to the supplier. The five temperatures of analysis, 30, 40, 50ºC were below this optimal range where as 70 and 80ºC were above this optimal temperature. In the case of pectate lyases enzyme 80ºC is the optimal temperature according to supplier. The five temperatures of analysis, 30-70ºC were below this optimal temperature. For combination of pectinases and pectate lyases six temperatures 30-80ºC were analyses for optimal results.
In previous work [9] the effect of enzymes treatments on cotton-containing fabrics, namely, viscose/cotton blend and 100% cotton poplin were studied. the wetablity of caustic treated fabrics obtained after treatment was maximum such as in 6 sec water drop disappears. on the same side higher weight loss occurs i.e.4.8 In the present work grey cotton knitted fabrics were used .fabrics are independently treated with Scourzyme L and Bactosol co ip liquid and in combination under different Temperature conditions and the commencement of this on the properties of cotton fabrics are studied. Table 1 shows the effect of treatment temperature (30–80ºC) on the properties of cotton fabric. It is seen that there is a noticeable enhancement in the wetablity, meanwhile weight loss percentage increased when treating the enzymes under their suggested temperatures given by suppliers. on the other hand, the loss in weight of the treated fabric increases when pectinases and pectate lyases treated at 60 ºC, when both of the enzymes are under activated condition. These results could be explained in terms of enzymatic hydrolysis of the impurities like pectic substances and waxy materials from raw cotton fabric when pectinases and pec-
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tate lyases used in combined treatment. Such hydrolysis yields soluble products and is accompanied by a certain loss of tensile strength which is proportional to the amount of weight loss [10].
Temperature of the combined enzymatic treatment must be adjusted to attain optimal range for the enzymes. Table 1 shows the effect of temperature on the enzymatic hydrolysis of impurities of cotton knitted fabric, expressed as variation in wetablity, as well as loss in fabric weight.
The optimal range of temperature (30–60 °C), a rise in the temperature of the reaction medium to 60 °C in case of Scourzyme L (Pectinases) enzyme and to 80 °C in case of Bactosol co ip liquid enzyme is accompanied by an increase in the weight loss and wetablity .With the rise in temperature, in case of pectate lyases, the reaction rate increases due to the increase in the kinetic energy of the reacting molecules. This allows the enzyme molecules to come in contact with the fabric more frequently, until a maximum rate of reaction is obtained, depending on the nature of the enzyme [11-13]. When the temperature is raised over 50 °C, in case of Scourzyme L (pectinases) enzyme its activity decreases. As a result, the wetablity and the weight loss decrease. This is not the case with Bactosol co ip liquid (pectate lyases) enzyme where it exercises increased activity even at 60 °C as evidenced by the magnitudes of the variation in the measured properties of the fabric, namely wetablity, and loss in fabric weight. 3.2. Effect of hydrogen peroxide bleaching on enzymatic scoured fabrics
Bleaching of the bio-technologically scoured and conventionally scoured cotton knitted fabrics as described above were bleached using peroxide bleaching agent. Removal of natural coloring matters from the cotton fibers was evaluated by whiteness index of the fabric. Conventional scouring results in enormously high whiteness difference as compare to bio scoured fabrics [14]. An analysis of the constituent of (CIE whiteness index) reveals that caustic soda increases the whiteness and decreases the yellowish color content significantly the whiteness index of caustic pretreated bleached fabrics was as high as 7.5.5 However CIE values of the bio treated fabrics when treated with pectinases and pectate lyases enzymes have significantly lower value as compare to alkali treated cotton knitted fabrics, indicating less effective removal of natural coloring matters from cotton fibers [15-16].
The effect of hydrogen peroxide bleaching applied after the different pretreatments (processed at different temperature ranges 30-80°C) is examined on the fabric properties. Comparing the whiteness index between enzymes treated and conventionally scoured fabrics, measured after scouring and bleaching it become noticeable that hydrogen peroxide bleaching extensively reduces the whiteness difference between the alkali and bio pretreated fabrics when pretreated in combination of enzymes. The results also show that bleach ability of the combined bio pretreated fabrics is significantly better than that of the conventionally scoured fabrics.
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
As is evident, a significant enhancement in the whiteness is observed by increasing the temperature of the pectate lyases enzyme up to 80ºC. The opposite holds true for whiteness where considerable decrease in scouring temperature is observed for Scourzyme L enzyme. Similar situations are encountered with combination of enzymes, but the magnitudes of variation in the parameters of fabric performance are only significant when temperature range set under optimal condition i.e at 60ºC when both enzymes situated under stable condition. The maximum values of whiteness achieved in combination when fabric previously scoured at 60ºC.The whiteness index of fabrics treated with combination of enzymes was as high as 72.6 due to pre scoured with mutual impact of pectinases and pectate lyases enzymes.
Pectinases increased the effectiveness of pectate lyases when combined in one bath. Therefore for good whiteness index, which is usually required in fast dyeing and finishing method, the bio scouring using a mixture of the two said enzymes becomes a good option for scouring.
vided that they were carried out at the optimal conditions established for each process of enzymes. The results are promising from the practical point of view and deserve mill trials, that is, application on commercial scale. Acknowledgment
The authors express their sincere thanks to Clariant Textile ltd (Pakistan), Novozymes (Pakistan) for providing the pectate lyases and pectinases enzymes, along with their complete range of agents, Alberuni chemicals (Pakistan) for supplying the chemical for scouring and bleaching
Conclusion
Conditions were established for enzymatic purification (scouring) of greige cotton knitted fabrics was effected using either Scourzyme L (pectinases) enzyme at 60 ºC at pH 9, Bactosol co ip liquid (pectate lyases) enzyme at 80ºC at pH 9 for 15 min or more efficiently the combined treatment of both enzymes at 60ºC at pH 9 for 15min. Enzyme dosage of 1% based on weight of the fabric (owf) was used in both cases( individual and combined treatment). Bleaching was successfully conducted chemically by using hydrogen peroxide at a dose of 3ml/l (owf), and temperature of 80 ºC for 45 min. Fabric properties expressed as wetablity, loss in fabric weight of scoured cotton fabrics is very comparable with, if not superior than, those treated chemically as per the conventional methods. The performance of bleached fabrics expressed in terms of whiteness index. It is further reported that the enzymatic treatments of scouring are safer and better for fabric absorbency and weight loss, pro-
References
[1] Sharma M. Application of enzymes in textile industry. Colourage 1993;40 (1):13. [2] Shukla SR, Sharma U, Kulkarni KS. Enzymes and their use in textile processes. Colourage 2000; Feb:19-24. [3] Achwal WB. Enzymatic removal of cotton pectin. Colourage 1992;39(7):35. [4] Rousselle MA, Bertonier NR, Howley PS, Gognes WR. Effect of whole cellulose on the supermolecular structure of cotton cellulose. Text Res J 2002;72(11):963–72. [5] Sangwatanaroj, U., Choonu kulpong, K., Ueda, M., 2003. Cotton scouring with pectinase and lipase/protease/cellulase. AATCC Review 5, 17-20. [6] Ried JL, Collmer A. Comparison of pectic enzymes produced by Erwinia chrysanthemi, and Erwinia carotovora subsp. Atroseptica,Appl Environ Microbiol 1986;52:305–10. [7] Sakai T, Sakamoto T, Hallaert J,
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80ºc
Vandamme EJ. Pectin, pectinase and protopectinase: production, properties and applications. AdvAppl Microbiol 1993;39:213–94. [8] Collmer A, Ried JL, Mount MS. Assay methods for pectic enzymes.Methods Enzymol 1988;161:329–35. [9] Moustafa AB. Ph.D. Theses, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, 2001. [10] Aly, A.S., Moustafa, A.B., Hebeish, A., 2004. Bio-technological treatment of cellulosic textiles. Journal of Cleaner Production 12, 697-705. [11] Lenting HBM. Identifying important parameters for a continuous bioscouring process. Text Res J 2002;72:825–31. [12] Calafell M, Torrades F, Rodo J, Cayuela D, Blanco A, Pastor FIJ,et al. Descrudado enzimático del algodón. Una aproximación a lastecnologias l´ımpias. Revista Qu´ımica Text 1998;139:83–9. [13] Li Y, Hardin IR. Enzymatic scouring of cotton-surfactants, agitation,and selection of enzymes. Text Chem Color 1998;30:23–9. [14] Li Y, Hardin IR. Enzymatic scouring of cotton: effects on structure and properties. Text Chem Color 1997;29(8):71–6. [15] Tzanov, T., Calafell, M., Guebitz, G.B., Cavaco-Paulo, A., 2001a. Biopreparation of cotton fabrics. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 29, 357-362. [16] Tzanov, T., Costa, S., Guebitz, G.B., Cavaco-Paulo, A., 2001b. Dyeing in catalase treated bleaching baths. Coloration Technology 117, 1-5.
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DOMOTEX 2012: exclusive design and quality contacts Carpet Design Awards: new category for Studio design carpets
Match & Meet: new business matchmaking and lead generation service
arpets are staging a major comeback and are now an indispensible part of fashion-conscious interior design. Carpets add comfort and coziness to a room and work well with the ultra-modern, minimalist furnishing styles that are currently so popular. This carpet renaissance is giving designers a whole new creative palette, and the most innovative new creations will receive the recognition they deserve at the Carpet Design Awards at DOMOTEX 2012.
The Carpet Design Awards are a prestigious international competition for handmade carpets and rugs. Entries, which can be made in a total of ten categories, are judged against a range of criteria, including design, quality of materials, product features and innovation. The upcoming awards at DOMOTEX 2012 will feature a new category, Best Studio Artist Design , for limited-edition carpets and rugs designed/produced by artists and textile studios. The jury will be look-
ing for creations characterized by sophisticated design elements, unique material qualities, weave types and colours. The new category provides greater international exposure for avant-garde, pioneering carpet designs.
Among the jury members for the 2012 Carpet Design Awards is Nina Yashar, whose "Nilafur" gallery in Milan is internationally recognized and respected for its quality classic and modern designer furniture and carpets. Also serving on the jury will be James A. Ffrench, a director of Beauvais Carpets, New York, and a highly esteemed past jury member. Ffrench is in no doubt as to the importance of carpets to design and interior furnishing: "Carpets create dialogue between all the various elements of a room's dĂŠcor. A well chosen carpet brings all of these elements together as an integrated whole. Without carpet, rooms always seem incomplete and empty - irrespective of how magnificent the other furnishings might be."
The best three entries in each category will be on display at DOMOTEX 2012. The conditions for participation in the Carpet Design Awards as well as entry forms and information on the jury are available online at www.domotex.de/cda_e. The closing date for entries is 4 November 2011. Match & Meet: new business matchmaking and lead generation service
Match & Meet is a new online service that matches DOMOTEX exhibitors with pre-qualified visitors and vice versa ahead of the fair. It enables visitors to plan their visit to the fair and helps put exhibitors in touch with new business contacts.
To use the service, trade visitors simply create a personal profile at www.domotex.de, indicating the products and services they are interested in. Exhibitors need only register for the Match & Meet service. They do not need to create a profile, as this information, including details of their company and products, will already be contained in their exhibitor profile and will automatically be transferred to the Match & Meet system. Match & Meet uses special software to identify points in common between the profiles of registered providers and seekers. Users thus receive lists of matches, complete with contact details, so that they can contact potential partners directly to arrange meetings. "Our new matchmaking service gives companies a highly effective tool for initiating new business. It helps put them in touch with relevant business contacts and gives them access to new target groups," explains Susanne Klaproth, the DOMOTEX project director at Deutsche Messe.
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Leading textile machinery manufacturers snap up ITMA ASIA + CITME 2012 exhibition space espite the current global economic slowdown, leading textile machinery manufacturers around the world are still attracted to prospects offered by the world's largest textile producer - China. This can be seen from the overwhelming response received by the combined textile machinery show, ITMA ASIA + CITME 2012, which will be held at the Shanghai New International Expo Centre from 12 to 16 June 2012. At the close of space application, some 130,000 square metres gross of exhibition space in 11 halls has been booked by leading industry names from some 30 economies. Although the space application deadline has passed, the show owners are still being besieged with late applications, including several applications for very large booths.
The exhibition is expected to feature some 1,300 local and international textile machinery makers who will showcase cutting-edge solutions, as well as
sustainability and energy efficient machinery and processes. Chinese exhibitors make up the biggest country group, booking around 50 per cent of the total exhibition space. Besides China, the top participating countries in terms of space applications are Germany, Italy, Japan and Switzerland. Sector-wise, spinning machinery forms the largest sector. This is followed by knitting, dyeing and finishing, weaving and winding.
Miss Maria Avery, Secretary General of CEMATEX, The European Committee of Textile Machinery Manufacturers, said: "The combined show is now well entrenched in the textile machinery exhibition calendar. It draws leading textile machinery manufacturers and is a must-attend showcase for the Asian market, offering plenty of business and networking opportunities.� Hassle-free visitor registration services To ensure that ITMA ASIA + CITME is an industry-leading market place and to
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attract quality attendance, visitors must purchase badges to visit the exhibition. Visitors can purchase their badges online at www.itmaasia.com and www.citme.com.cn to enjoy an attractive 40 per cent discount. For added convenience, visitors may print their badges after successful registration. This time-saving feature further helps visitors avoid possible long onsite queues during the show. This service is also extended to exhibitors who wish to purchase badges for their guests. Visitor online registration will open in December 2011. ITMA ASIA + CITME 2012 is owned by CEMATEX and its Chinese partners the Sub-Council of Textile Industry, CCPIT (CCPIT-Tex), China Textile Machinery Association (CTMA) and China Exhibition Centre Group Corporation (CIEC). It is organised by Beijing Textile Machinery International Exhibition Co Ltd and co-organised by MP International Pte Ltd.
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NecipGuney – marketing and sales director of
teknikfuarcilik LTD
Textile exhibitions must be organized in textile countries
e continue to organize ITM international textile machinery exhibition, which was first organized in 2004 with the motto “textile exhibitions should be organized in a textile country” as Turkey is one of the most important players in the world textile industry and will always remain as an important player in the industry. ITM exhibition shall continue to gain strength as long as we maintain and preserve our position in the world textile. ITM exhibition to be organized on 21-24 April 2012 is announced as ITM Texpo Eurasia upon the jointing with Texpo Eurasia organized every year and it will be the most important meeting of the Turkish textile industry having recovered after the global economic crisis.
As teknik Ltd (teknikfuarcilik&Yayncilik) we have been only focusing in textile since 1996; consequently we have had publications and exhibitions dedicated for the textile industry. As the result of this knowhow and experience, we finger on the pulse of the industry. We have never get into other industries and always continued on our way as we are only the publisher and organizer company of this industry.
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Consequently, Even in the period when rumors claiming that turkey will abandon textile, we have always repeated that “turkey is a textile, we have always remain so” and maintained our business. The developments after the end of the crisis once more proved that we were right. The developments in 2010 and the first half of 2011 indicate that the Turkish textile industrialists continue their investments and productions. The technology imports and product exports realized by Turkey a also justify these developments. Turkey ranks as the first 3 countries in machinery purchases and technology investments in the world.
operate with mainly European textile manufactures as well as other overseas companies so as to expand their facilities or establish new facilities as partners or joined forces.
All these developments reflect that the textile industry in Turkey shall never end; it only reshapes in terms of content and type, and continue to organize ITM exhibition as long as textile is present in Turkey. We plan to organize next edition of ITM in 2014.
Afterwards the global change process having started in 2008 and ended at the end of 2009, many things fall into place in the textile industry as well as in any other manufacturing industry in the whole world. In that sense Turkey gained a country ID developing and designing high quality, high valueadded functional products. In addition to R&D and P&D investments realized up to now, machinery purchases dedicated to increase capacity and new technologies to diversify the product range still continue. On the other hand, Turkish textile manufactures co-
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COMPANY NEWS What is Happening in the World of Textile
From 14 to 16 February 2012 the Tire Technology Expo 2012 in Cologne, Germany is once again the meeting place for international tire manufacturers. Focus of the Allma booth 8000 in Hall 8 is on the new cabling machine generation, the energy-saving miracle Allma CC4. And Allma has even more good news for its customers. The world of cabling technology has been revolutionized by the innovative Allma CC4, the status quo called into question when it is shown how little energy is needed in future for the cabling process. Allma CC4 is a milestone in efficient production of high quality tire cord and for this reason in February 2011 was already awarded the much sought after “Award for Innovation and Excellence”. The cabling revolution with 50% less energy consumption and yarn breaks Investigations carried out by our customers have proved that up to 80% twisting cost can be attributed to energy consumption in the cabling process. Through smart intervention in the process, Allma engineers have been able to successfully reduce the energy consumption of the machine by up to 50%.
Analogous to the reduced power consumption of the machine is also the decrease in the costs of air-conditioning technology. Another achievement of the new technology is a further increase in quality and the increment in machine efficiency through a yarn breakage rate now reduced by up to 50%. The slim yarn balloon substantially lowers noise levels in the production hall and provides a pleasant working climate. Systems already installed underline the success of Allma CC4. Customers are producing top quality tire cord at unbeatable competitive prices.
A new rinsing process for discontinuous dye houses from Thies Textilmaschinen, dramatically reduces the number of rinses from 8 – 10 processes to just 2 – 4 with, for example, navy blue cotton, and also allows the treated water to be reused.
Now available: Allma CC3 energysaver retrofit pack In order to support customers in the battle against constantly rising energy costs and to meet their wishes for innovative product solutions, Allma engineers have now developed a retrofit pack for the Allma CC3 for existing machines. With an easy to install conversion unit the cabling spindles can be set to energy-save modus. Customers are able to reduce costs enormously and to increase the quality of their products. The Allma trade fair team is looking forward to presenting customers and interested visitors all the information on the latest innovations from the world of twisting and cabling technology. The current focus is clearly on energy saving and also the latest advances and trends in the production of high quality tire cord and industrial yarns.
The new process reduces the number of rinses and the reuse of the treated water to provide reduced consumption levels of 30 – 50%.
Constantly striving to introduce new technologies aimed at reducing CO2 emissions and energy demands for discontinuous dye houses, Thies Textilmaschinen has reached a new milestone with the introduction of its Advanced Aftertreatment Process (AAP).
The AAP system has been designed to treat rinsing liquor in a separate Ozone reactor vessel using active oxygen to destroy the molecular structure of the dye stuff, removing the colour. It is intended for use with all shades of yarns and fabric. The system is operated during the rinsing and post treatment stages of the dyeing process. The complete newly developed cycle for the dyeing machine to the ozone reactor ensures a faster and energy reduced online colour removal of the dye liquor without influence on the colour fastness. By carrying out the AAP procedure in the dyeing machine ensures a dramatic reduction in the cycle time and the amount of effluent.
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COMPANY NEWS
Currently 8 – 10 rinsing processes are necessary with, for example, navy blue cotton. With the new Thies AAP this is reduced to just 2 – 4 rinses. For the first rinse, when the water is the most contaminated, it is routed from each dyeing machine in to a waste water contamination tank. This is then treated with active oxygen when the reactor is not working on completion of the subsequent rinses. Once treated, the water is passed in to a clean water tank and is available for new treatments.
Rhodia's innovative product in the field of textile fibers, Emana® is a unique technology in polyamide smart yarns that reduces muscle fatigue and cellulite signs, with patents applied worldwide. Santo André, Brazil and Castel Goffredo, Italy, December, 12, 2011 – Rhodia, a member of the Solvay group, and Fulgar, Europe's largest producer of polyamide 66 yarn for the textile industry, today engage discussions aiming an agreement to produce and market Emana® yarn in Europe.
Emana® is the latest innovation in textiles from Rhodia. The result of four years of development in brazilian Rhodia’s research centers, Emana® is a polyamide 66 yarn which incorporates bioactive mineral crystals in its polymer matrix, making it possible to produce clothes that promote a high level of interaction between the fabric and skin, improving blood microcirculation and cellular metabolism. Proven in scientific studies, the benefits of clothing made from Emana® include improved skin elasticity and smoothness, postponed muscle fatigue and reduced signs of cellulite. The product is recommended for all types of clothing, including underwear, shapewear, sportswear and fashion, seeking to promote consumer health and wellbeing. With patents applied worldwide, the benefits of this innovative yarn has been successfully assessed by independent world-class laboratories, through recognized scientific protocols, clinical tests and rigorous statistical data treatment. It has also been certified Oeko-Tex Standard 100 - Class 1, being suitable for manufacturing of any type of clothing, including for children. Products made from Emana® also feature a versatile range of colors, do not lose their functionality when washed (permanent effect) and, like any conventional polyamide 66, are easily washed and kept. Just as with other
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products made from Rhodia’s microfibers, articles made from Emana® are lightweight and offer a unique feeling of comfort, thanks to the gentle touch of polyamide 66. "We are proud to engage discussions with Fulgar, a large and renowned textile company in Europe, which is fully aligned with Rhodia’s and Solvay’s values in the development of sustainable innovations aimed at improving people’s quality of life," commented Marcos De Marchi, president of the GBU Rhodia Fibras. "For us, this initiative represents a qualitative leap in the provision of polyamide textile products to our customers in Europe. We have found at Rhodia and Solvay partners who are engaged in the appreciation of the textile sector, creating and developing innovative products that meet consumers’ needs," says Roberto Medina, Head of Sales, from Fulgar.
The 7th ICE Europe in Munich has been a complete success for the organizers as well as for the visitors. 5,700 international visitors informed themselves on more than 380 booths about the latest developments in the industry sector of converting flexible materials such as paper, film, foil and non-wovens during the three days of the show. Altogether the show had grown by 7 % in visitor numbers and even 17% in exhibitor numbers. Never before have there been so many exhibits, machines and live demonstrations as this year. Coatema presented at its booth not only three different machines from the wide company portfolio, but visitors could also observe live coatings on the Smart coater. On the small R2R lab unit with a
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COMPANY NEWS
5-in-1 coating module PET and triacetate foils were coated with a dye-based solvent mixture to demonstrate that even thin coats can be applied homogenously. Prospective customers from the areas of batteries, fuel cells, flexible electronics and photovoltaic were fascinated by the multi functionality of the unit on a small scale. Even more excitement was created with the Plastic Logic 100. The e Reader with Plastic Paper TM Technology offers the same reading experience as paper. Even though it is extremely light and thin, it is still very rugged and shatterproof because the base is not glass. The ruggedness has been proofed impressively at the booth as Thomas Kolbuch, Vice President, has dropped the eReader again and again on the floor without anything happening. It is precisely this quality that turns the eReader into the perfect companion for the rough day-to-day production. That is why Coatema will equip their machines with such eReader instead of a printed manual in the future.
EDE, Netherlands (November 22nd 2011) – TANATEX Chemicals is constantly developing innovative products and concepts to complete and optimize its product portfolio. Today’s textile processing industry is driven by consumer trends and high quality requirements demanded by international brands and retailers. TANATEX Chemicals is therefore constantly searching for innovative developments with a special focus on environmental awareness. PRE-TREATMENT & FWA
BLANKOPHOR® CRF Liquid (V) BLANKOPHOR® CRF Liquid V is the violet shaded version.
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Acid stable shaded fluorescent whitening agents for cellulosic fibres. Particularly suitable for padding application and dry curing, moisture curing and wet curing processes. It shows excellent stability to acids (used in moist- and wet curing) and electrolytes (MgCl2 solutions) and is highly compatible with resin finish liquors, even with strong acidic catalysts. The products show excellent high and brilliant whiteness and have minimal risk of yellowing in overdosing.
BE GREEN CONCEPT The wet application of textile requires huge amounts of water, energy and harsh chemicals. As most of the processes are running at high temperatures, high consumption of gas is needed for generating steam and water heating. This results in a high CO2 emission. TANATEX has developed the BE GREEN Concept which ensures bleaching at only 75˚C. Reducing the temperature immediately reduces the consumption of methane gas and therefore the emission of CO2. The BE GREEN concept is suitable for white for dyeing and full white bleaching, including OBA’s and is based on a low temperature activator controlling the decomposition of peroxide and rapidly developing the required whiteness. It is based on specially selected dispersants and surfactants. Process cycles reduce the total time, water consumption and gas CO2 emission up to 50% and a reduction of 25% in COD levels in the effluent. CRADLE to CRADLE: EPIC3 TANATEX has committed itself to the Cradle to Cradle (C2C) philosophy by implementing EPIC3 : Extraordinary Programme for Innovative C2C Cellulosics Cycle. The purpose of the C2C Design is to restore continuous cycles of biological as well as technical nutrients with long terms positive effects on profitability, the environment and human health. TANATEX has chosen for a complete discontinuous bleaching, dyeing and finishing process of cellulosics: EPIC3. TANATEX is the
only textile chemicals supplier with a complete C2C system approach. TANATEX believes that C2C is the next generation guiding principle as it is the only alternative for prolonged use of our scarce global raw materials. FINISHING
PERSOFTAL® MESO Special meso-emulsion of a modified silicone softener for the finishing of all types of textiles by padding. Gives articles a very soft particular handle with good draping properties. It is applicable on both woven and knitted goods and recommended for application by padding. Particularly good handle is obtained on wool and woollen blends and treated goods have very good sewing properties. It improves dimensional stability of articles and is shear stable in recommended applications. TANA®FINISH HPX Hydrodynamic finishing agent for fabrics, knit goods and nonwovens made out of synthetic fibres. It yields excellent absorbency on synthetics, such as 100% PES, 100% PA and their blends. This product is highly recommendable for sportswear, but is generally applicable for both apparel and technical articles to improve hydrophility as it improves the humidity transport of the textile. It shows excellent antistatic properties of polyester, is durable to mild washing and shows no yellowing when applied separately. PERSOFTAL® HNS Economical hydrophilic softener for cotton. It is particularly suitable for cotton towels because it does not impair the hydrophilic properties of the fibres. It is suitable for all cotton articles and all processing steps, for exhaust and pad application. Does not impair the effect of O.B.A.s, is low-foaming and shows soft, high-bulk hand. It does not cause yellowing in normal drying conditions and does not impair the fastness properties of dyed and printed goods.
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COMPANY NEWS January-September 2011 nonwovens production by manufacturers larger than a certain scale in China increased by 13% over the year before to 1.33 million tons. Sales also rose by 30% to 47.4 billion yuan. The total amount of profits grew by 37% to 2.6 billion yuan, and the growth was larger than those of sales and production volume. The profit margin on sales was 5.5%.
Egypt's Alexandria Cotton Exporters' Association (Alcotexa) committed to sell 1,775 tonnes of cotton in the week that ended on December 24, an Alcotexa official said on Monday. The sales comprised 825 tonnes of the Giza 88 grade of cotton and 950 tonnes of Giza 86 grade, the official said. The deal brings Alcotexa's export commitments for the 2011/12 season, which began in September 2011, to 25,204 tonnes worth $87.33 million. By this time last year, Alcotexa had sold 89,355 tonnes of cotton worth $332.2 million.
The high price of cotton continues to encourage the consumption of fiber (PSF) and polyester filament yarn (PFY), it's just that more consumption is driven by imported products. Where the total fiber
consumption this year is estimated at 1.33 million tons, the consumption of polyester fiber reached 593 thousand tons and 128 thousand tons came from imports, up about 80% from a year earlier. As for the volume of filament yarn imports rose about 24% or about 52 thousand tons of the total consumption of 499 thousand tons.
sumption has increased significantly, but has less effect on the performance of polyester industry. Performance polyester industry this year supported by the unit price is pretty good. Redma explained that the unit price of fiber and yarn rose nearly 30%. "But it is also triggered by rising raw material prices of PTA and MEG" he said.
The production of polyester fibers and yarns not changed much this year that amounted to 535 thousand tons and 670 thousand tons, while exports of fiber volume rose only by 4.4% and export volumes fell 3.8% filament yarn. Above condition has significantly lower sales volume market share of domestic industry from 87% polyester fiber to 78% in 2010. As for filament yarn industry in the domestic market share of 93% in 2010 to 89% in 2011.
In 2012 Redma hopes polyester industry to increase its market share domestically. "Consumption per capita is expected next year could reach 6.5%, so in total private consumption could rise 8%. This condition will again increase in industrial consumption of polyester spinning, weaving and knitting expected consumption of fiber and polyester filament yarn next year could reach respectively 620 and 525 thousand tons.
Responding to these conditions the Secretary General of the Indonesian Synthetic Fiber Producers Association (APSyFI), Redma Wirawasta Gita says that there are goods imported indicated dumping. "It has been applied antidumping duties of PSF but does not apply to the five companies that we accuse China last year, while the data that we can import this year from China is still dominated by" apparent Redma. Redma explained that the cost of production in Indonesia and China are not much different in both energy costs and labor costs, the difference is the cost of raw materials. "We do not import PTA because nearly 100% supplied by the domestic industry, while industry in China 35% of its imports of PTA, if coupled with transportation costs plus import duty so that they receive PTA prices become more expensive, if they sell to Indonesia with cheaper price plus transportation costs after the weird, definitely worth the price of dumping, it is clear Redma. It is also reinforced by the slowdown in the performance of their textile industry so that supply into the country a little less. So although this year although con-
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With the expansion is done by Indorama then next year the production capacity of the fiber industry will rise about 8%, while for filament yarn has been no increase in capacity due to the utilization rate is still 80%. Significantly increase the capacity of fiber and polyester filament yarn will look in 2013 to 2015 in which several members APSyFI company will continue to expand
Two Italy-based companies — Aquafil S.p.A., a producer of nylon 6 for carpet applications and a producer of nylon, microfiber and polypropylene yarns for apparel applications; and Gruppo Carvico, a manufacturer of warp-knitted stretch fabrics for swim-, sports- and underwear — have formed a 50/50 joint venture (JV) under the name XLAnce Fibre Italia to acquire assets related to XLA polyolefin-based soft-stretch fiber from Midland, Mich.-based The Dow Chemical Company and its affiliates and to restart production of the fiber.
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COMPANY NEWS
Dow introduced its DOW XLA™ fiber technology in 2002, and apparel featuring the fiber appeared at retail in 2004. XLA was touted for its ability to withstand extreme chemicals and temperatures up to 220°C, among other processing conditions; but Dow made a strategic decision to focus on other businesses in its portfolio and ceased investing in the technology. The company announced in 2010 that it would stop production of XLA and shutter its manufacturing plant in Tarragona, Spain, upon fulfillment of all outstanding orders (See " Dow To Shut Down XLA Production," www. TextileWorld.com, May 25, 2010). XLAnce Fibre Italia has acquired the trademarks associated with XLA fiber; an exclusive license to use the technology; and the XLA fiber production lines, machinery and equipment located in the Tarragona plant. The company will move the equipment to a site in Italy and expects to begin production in the third quarter of 2012. "As a leading stretch fabric company our interest into the possibility to resume XLA production was natural, since XLA has been one of the very few significant new fibers in our business in recent years, and our partnership with Aquafil, whose fiber technology knowledge is a key requirement, made this project possible," said Laura Colnaghi Calissoni, chairman, Carvico. "We will work to ensure that the new company, which will have the full freedom to operate independently on the market, can offer innovative solutions in many applications where the use of fiber XLA can add
value."
"Aquafil's consolidated knowledge within the polyamide fibers segment, in particular with the innovative Econyl recycled yarn, and within the microfiber and polypropylene segment with the Dryarn hi-tech fiber, will be essential to revive this promising elastomer with undoubted synergies," said Giulio Bonazzi, chairman, Gruppo Aquafil. "The transfer of the production to Italy will also bring the added value of the closeness to what is still renown as the Textile innovation and creativity world center, both for fashion and sportswear brands."
Germany-based BASF AG has announced plans to relocate its Dispersions & Pigments division headquarters (HQ) in Ludwigshafen to a new location in Hong Kong. The division produces pigments, resins dispersions and additives — such as photoinitiators, light stabilizers and formulation additives — used in the coatings and paint, adhesive, printing and packaging industries; and realized sales of 3.2 billion euros in 2010. The division head along with approximately 50 global personnel will transition to Hong Kong over the year beginning January 2012. Employees not offered a position in Hong Kong will be offered positions elsewhere with BASF. Regional business and production units based in Europe and Asia are not affected by this change. "Asia already is the largest market for our division today," said Dr. Markus Kramer, president, Dispersions & Pigments, BASF. "We want to further participate in the dynamic growth in that region and beyond. To this end, we want to change the perspective from which
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we view our customer industries. By forming a global team at an international location, we will also further increase attractiveness of BASF as a global employer."
TOKYO — November 30, 2011 — Teijin Limited announced today that it will establish the world's first pilot plant for fully integrated production of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) components from carbon fiber on the premises of its Matsuyama Factory in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. The new plant will feature Teijin's unprecedented mass production technology for CFRTP components, which significantly reduces cycle times required for molding composite products to under a minute, enabling rapid production of various prototypes and performance evaluation tests. Construction of the new plant will begin shortly, with operations expected to commence in mid 2012. The new plant will enable Teijin to further accelerate its commercialization of CFRTP components for mass-produced automobiles and other industrial uses. Capital expenditure for the establishment of the pilot plant will total over two billion yen. Teijin's proprietary mass production technology for CFRTP enables the integrated production of carbon fiber to composite products within one minute, the ideal tact time required by automakers for mass-produced vehicles. The technology, which promises to realize revolutionary weight-reduction, is expected to find a wide range of applications in addition to automobiles, where certain levels of structural strength are required. CFRTP components are also highly recyclable, as technically its ther-
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
COMPANY NEWS moplastic resins can be converted into desired shapes when heated. To introduce this cutting-edge technology to automakers, Teijin developed an electric-vehicle concept car earlier this year featuring a body structure made entirely of CFRTP components and weighing only 47 kilograms-or roughly one-fifth the weight of a conventional automobile body structure. Through the new pilot plant, Teijin aims to accelerate its market development and further its position as a global leader in carbon fiber composite products.
The Industrial Fabrics Association International (IFAI) 2011 International Achievement Awards (IAA) for design excellence in specialty fabrics applications ceremony took place at IFAI Expo Americas 2011 at the Baltimore Convention Center in Baltimore, Md. on October 25. The annual IFAI Expo Americas is the largest specialty fabrics trade show in the Americas, and for more than six decades, IAA has recognized excellence in design and innovation, highlighting truly spectacular work in the specialty fabrics industry. Entrants were encouraged to submit projects and compete in 35 categories in this 64th competition. In all, IFAI received 385 entries from 16 countries. Entries were judged by industry experts, editors, architects, educators and design professionals, who were selected for their knowledge in a particular field of study or product area. Winners were selected based on complexity, design,
workmanship, uniqueness and function. IFAI encourages specialty fabric projects of all sizes and type. The goal of IAA is to promote awareness of the specialty fabrics used in thousands of products and applications. All entries receive prominent recognition at IFAI Expo Americas. Entrants receive additional publicity through coverage in IFAI magazines, as well as press releases distributed to media professionals.
Italy-based manufacturing conglomerate RadiciGroup is supplying yarn to the Amicrotex project to develop a range of antimicrobial textiles designed to reduce bacterial contamination and nosocomial infections in medical and healthcare environments. The project, funded through European funds for regional development, includes participants throughout the textile chain including yarn manufacturers, weavers, apparel manufacturers, laundries, consultancies, scientific institutions and hospital centers. Noyfil S.p.A., Italy, and Noyfil S.A., Switzerland, part of RadiciGroup's Fibres business, will supply the project with Starlight® feel, formerly known as Nanofeel®, a bacteriostatic polyester yarn in which silver metal nanoparticles inside a silicon dioxide matrix are incorporated during extrusion. The nanoparticles are located on the matrix surface as well as throughout the matrix, providing both immediate and long-term bacteriostatic effectiveness. According to RadiciGroup, the yarn also features properties including high colorfastness owing to solution-dyeing of the polymer and the addition of a non-oxidizing active ingredient; prevention of odors caused by microbes; durable efficacy and wash resistance; elimination of downstream finishing processes and
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
consequent reduction of environmental impact from water and energy consumption; no breakdown of the fiber's or yarn's mechanical properties; and no hindrance of downstream textile processing. The yarn has been tested for antimicrobial efficacy and duration according to ISO 20743/JIS 1902 (Textiles and absorbent articles). The Germany-based Hohenstein Institute has placed it in the institute's highest antimicrobial performance class, demonstrating its efficacy after up to 300 launderings at 40°C. Centro Tessile Cotoniero e Abbigliamento S.p.A. and Istituto San Raffaele, both based in Italy, are conducting further testing after repeated washing and bleaching of fabric produced under the project; and hospital coats are being produced that will be tested in a hospital environment.
TenCate Geosynthetics North America has developed a patented, woven geosynthetic for soil stabilization and base course reinforcement applications when differential settlement occurs due to heaving in the subgrade soils. TenCate Mirafi® H2Ri is a wicking geosynthetic created from high-tenacity polypropylene filaments and wicking filaments woven to provide reinforcement strength and soil interaction integrated with high soil retention and wicking capabilities. TenCate Mirafi® H2Ri woven geosynthetic contains proprietary hydrophilic and hygroscopic yarn that provides wicking action through the plane of the geosynthetic while maintaining high tensile modulus properties. Uniform openings provide consistent filtration and flow characteristics of a fine to coarse sand layer.
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COMPANY NEWS
International Man-Made Fibre Conference in Ahmedabad, India, on November 18-19, 2011 Robin Anson, managing director of Textiles Intelligence, has been invited to present the keynote address at a conference which will take place at the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad, India, on November 18-19, 2011.
He will speak about the future direction of India’s textile industry in the light of China’s growing leadership in manmade fibre textiles, the declining share of natural fibres in global mill consumption, environmental concerns, and future land availability for growing cotton given the need to grow more food. He will also examine the Taiwanese and South Korean models to see if there are any lessons for India.
include developments in man-made fibres, product innovations, sustainability, strategic management, and technical textiles. The event is aimed at leading entrepre-
neurs, top executives, policy makers and others associated with business and trade in this sector, to enrich their vision and help them develop strategies for the future. Robin Anson is recognised as a leading worldwide authority on textile and clothing industry strategy and trade issues, and is also the editorial director of Textiles Intelligence, one of the world’s leading providers of global business information on the international textile and apparel industries.
Other speakers at the conference will address the need to examine India’s current strengths and to explore the growth potential of the man-made fibre sector in the country. Topics to be discussed will
14th Shanghai Textile, Carpet & Home decoration Exhibition Dates: Aug.16th-18th, 2012 Venue: Shanghai World Exhibition Center Shared show area: 71,000 sqm No. of booths: 3,500 The exhibition background
In recent years, with the development of Chinese home textile decoration, there is a large demand for wallpaper, textile and carpet in China’s Yangtze River Area, especially in the city of Shanghai. Textile decorating becomes more and more important in hotels, plaza and all kinds of constructions. According to relevant statistics, usually, more than 85% of families take soft decoration products as their first choice. This field has a bright future with a great amount of opportunity. The advantage of our exhibition
- The exhibition will be organized by
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China Building Decoration Association, Carpet Industry Association under China Arts And Crafts Association and Shanghai Zhong zhuang Zhanye Exhibition Co., Ltd which is greatly experienced in holding conferences and exhibitions. The exhibition has been held successfully for 13 times and become the number one wallpaper and carpet event in Asia, which is professional, large-scale and has a high volume. The exhibition has a very important trading position in China because it is stick to the principles of "International, professional and branding”.
- The successful experience makes the show has a large number of customers. At the same time, the show cooperates with international media and professional buyers, so it can meet the visitors’ need both in quantity and quality. The 14th show will have a powerful promotion strategy. The Organizing Committee will invite more than 248 domestic
media, 47 overseas media and some related specialized associations from 76 countries to take part in the show to improve the exhibition’s quality. Range of Exhibits:
- Carpet Woven, Tufted, Needle felt, Flat Weave, technical textiles, Rug, Exhibition carpet, plush carpet, square carpet, tapestry
- Wallpaper Paper wallcoverings, vinyl wallcoverings, textile wallcoverings, natural material wallcoverings, retarding vinyl wallcoverings, special effect wallcoverings, Glass fiber wallcovering
- Textile Silk fabric, cotton fabric, jute fabric, rayon fabric, wool fabric, nylon fabric, Silk
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
A French solution for a Belgian dyehouse success story scotex is a family owned commission dyehouse located in Deinze in the center of the important Belgian carpet industry cluster. Specialized in the dyeing of loose stock fibers, the company has developed over the years a close partnership with French machinery manufacturers to offer their customers the best efficient service. Escotex was established in 1958 by Pascal van Brabandt, the father of today’s owner and CEO, Philippe. The name, Escotex, mixes the initial location, which is near Gand along the Escaut river (Esco) and its industry, textile (tex).
In 1972, they moved to Deinze in the valley of “la Lys” river in order to be in the middle of the Belgian carpet industry cluster. In 1979 Philippe, who was only 19 years old, joined the company and has been helped since 1983 by his wife Luce. This short reminder of the company history explains how the company and its owner-manager personal life are completely linked together. Philippe Van Brabandt, even though he spends most of his working time solving technical problems to give a personalized service to his customers, has a long term approach in the definition of his company strategy. He is not looking only for short term profits but to give the best possible service to its customers and behave in a responsible way for its community and environment.
a deep crisis. It can also be measured by the fact that if about 60% of the activity is within the local cluster, about 40% is exported outside Belgium.
The carpet industry needs to offer many designs, requiring by consequence many different colours, sometime in very small quantities. To manage and finance the raw material need a very fast and reliable network of suppliers. Escotex strategy is to respond to these customers’ needs. Escotex main activity is to dye loose stock fibers in a very short time, only a couple of days, with complete colour reproducibility and at a competitive price level.
In order to reach these goals, Philippe van Brabandt has developed a longterm partnership with two French textile machinery manufacturers, which have been working together to propose a complete solution for his dyeing process, Callebaut de Blicquy and Rousselet-Robatel.The first step is to find the best recipe for each new colour. Callebaut de Blicquy have designed a unique laboratory dyeing machine with a hydraulic dyeing circuit equivalent to the one of production machines. Once a recipe is defined in laboratory, it can be fully reproduced in the production process, again and again. The second step is to have a cost competitive, reli-
able, production process for fast response, with minimum labour intensity. Escotex dyeing house has been designed to reach this goal. When receiving the raw material, the bails are opened by a machine also manufactured by a Frenchmachinery manufacturer, Laroche.
Then by pneumatic transportation, raw materials are fed into a press manufactured by Callebaut de Blicquy in order to prepare the “cake”. Callebaut de Blicquy have developed a unique technique of high density cakes which gives a better color uniformity with very low liquor ratio and by consequence low consumptions of water, energy and auxiliaries products. The cake is prepared in a specially designed carrier suitable for high cake density. The carrier is then handled to the dyeing vessel. When the dyeing process is achieved, the cake is removed from its carrier, then it is broken and fibers sent through a continuous centrifuge to be hydro extracted prior being sent to the dryer. The unique continuous centrifuge has been specially designed for the textile industry by Rousselet- Robatel, a world leader of centrifuges for many different industries. Over 10,000 of their centrifuges are in use worldwide.
The only way for the Belgian carpet industry to survive in the global competition is to be creative, to offer quality goods and services at competitive prices. Escotex has been designed and redesigned to offer their customers the possibility to adapt themselves to the market permanent new requests. The success of Escotex can be measured by their growth in the good years and their resilience during two past years when local business and activity were really in
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
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DOMOTEX asia/CHINAFLOOR becomes main focus in China’s largest construction and green building event OMOTEX asia/CHINAFLOOR, already the world’s second largest floor covering trade show, is now a major attraction in Asia’s largest international construction industry event organized by VNU Exhibitions. The floor covering trade show has already booked 85% of its 11 halls, making it the largest, single show taking place at the construction industry event in the Shanghai New International Expo Center March 27 29, 2012. DOMOTEX asia/CHINAFLOOR will run simultaneously with the China Building Construction Expo encompassing green building products, technology and design. By organizing these events alongside DOMOTEX asia/ CHINAFLOOR, VNU brings together the flooring industry with representatives of the real estate, architecture, interior design and construction engineering sectors. “It’s an opportunity for networking across the construction industry and we hope it creates powerful synergies for everyone,” said David Zhong, presi ent of VNU Exhibitions
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Asia.
DOMOTEX asia/CHINAFLOOR attracts new exhibitors. Some of the new exhibitors joining Domotex in 2012 include Forbo, Nora, Berry Alloc, Invista, Mapei, and Lumber Liquidators, among others. Both Pakistan and Turkey have announced that they will install country pavilions to showcase their hand made carpets. New education program include events for sports and leisure flooring, hospitals, and an enhanced demo area for installation products. While the floor covering trade show is seeing strong growth in its resilient and hand made carpet segments, wood and laminate flooring will remain the signature products at DOMOTEX asia/CHINAFLOOR 2012 according to organizer VNU. “With the uncertainty due to the ITC case now behind us, the industry is now back to focusing on business and market expansion. This show provides the international flooring industry the opportunity to expand and investigate new markets and partnerships. China is evolving from being the largest producer of flooring in the world to also the largest consumer and this creates new opportunities for our manufacturers and the entire global flooring industry,” said Zhong. About DOMOTEX asia/CHINAFLOOR DOMOTEX asia/CHINAFLOOR encom-
passing totally 11 halls (126,500 Sqm gross) of Shanghai New International Expo Center is the second largest floor covering trade fair in the world after DOMOTEX HANNOVER and the largest floor covering event in Asia Pacific. It covers the entire flooring industry supply chain and its major application fields, injecting powerful new innovations into this rapidly changing industry. This renowned event facilitates world class networking and trading activities for the global flooring sourcing communities in the heart of world’s largest and fastest growing floor covering market centered around Shanghai, China. Catering for 1058 exhibiting companies and nearly 40,000 industry buyers and professionals in 2011, the most exciting and cutting edge flooring event will be held March 27 29, 2012 at Shanghai New Exhibition Centre (SNIEC), China.
About DOMOTEX worldwide Besides DOMOTEX asia/ CHINAFLOOR, DOMOTEX HANNOVER, the world’s leading trade fair for carpets and flooring coverings which will take place from 14 17 January 2012. As a platform dedicated to the Middle East North Africa region, Deutsche Messe’s DOMOTEX Middle East hosts the flooring industry from 12 – 14 September 2011. Finally DOMOTEX Russia will be held in Moscow from 26 28 September 2012.
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
Fiber From A to Z Part 2
Lawn A light, fine cloth made using carded or combed, linen or cotton yarns. The fabric has a crease-resistant, crisp finish. Linen lawn is synonymous with handkerchief linen. Cotton lawn is a similar type of fabric, which can be white, solid colored, or printed.
Leno Weave A construction of woven fabrics in which the resulting fabric is very sheer, yet durable. In this weave, two or more warp yarns are twisted around each other as they are interlaced with the filling yarns; thus securing a firm hold on the filling yarn and preventing them from slipping out of position. Also called the gauze weave. Leno weave fabrics are frequently used for window treatments, because their structure gives good durability with almost no yarn slippage, and permits the passage of light and air.
... L ...
Lamb's Wool The first clip of wool sheered from lambs up to eight months old. The wool is soft, slippery and resilient. It is used in fine grade woolen fabrics.
LamĂŠ A woven fabric using flat silver or gold metal threads to create either the design or the background in the fabric.
Loom
Linen A fabric made from linen fibers obtained from inside the woody stem of the flax plant. Linen fibers are much stronger and more lustrous than cotton. Linen fabrics are very cool and absorbent, but wrinkle very easily, unless blended with manufactured fibers. Linen is one of the oldest textile fibers.
Lining A fabric that is used to cover the inside of a garment to provide a finished look. Generally, the lining is made of a smooth lustrous fabric.
Loom A machine used for weaving fabrics.
Lyocell Fiber A manufactured fiber composed of regenerated cellulose. Lyocell has a similar hand and drape as rayon, but is stronger, more durable, and in many cases machine washable. It has a subtle luster and is rich in color. Lyocell possesses low shrinkage characteristics, as well as good absorbency and wrinkle resistant qualities.
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
... M ...
Madras A lightweight plain weave cotton fabric with a striped, plaid, or checked pattern. A true madras will bleed when washed. This type of fabric is usually imported from India. End-uses are men's and women's shirts and dresses. MatelassĂŠ A medium to heavyweight luxury fabric made in a double cloth construction to create a blistered or quilted surface. Common end-uses are upholstery, draperies, and evening dresses. Melton A heavyweight, dense, compacted, and tightly woven wool or wool blend fabric used mainly for coats.
Mercerization A process of treating a cotton yarn or fabric, in which the fabric or yarn is immersed in a caustic soda solution and later neutralized in acid. The process causes a permanent swelling of the fiber, resulting in an increased luster on the surface of the fabric, an increased affinity for dyes, and increased strength.
Merino A type of wool that originates from purebred Merino sheep. The best Merino wool comes from Italy. Mesh A type of fabric characterized by its netlike open appearance, and the spaces between the yarns. Mesh is available in a variety of constructions including wovens, knits, laces, or crocheted fabrics. Merino sheep
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Metallic Fiber An inorganic fiber made from minerals and metals, blended and extruded to form fibers. The fiber is formed from a flat ribbon of metal, coated with a protective layer of plastic, which reduces tarnishing. Metal used in apparel fabric is purely decorative. Microfibers The name given to ultra-fine manufactured fibers and the name given to the
technology of developing these fibers. Fibers made using microfiber technology, produce fibers which weigh less than 1.0 denier. The fabrics made from these extra-fine fibers provide a superior hand, a gentle drape, and incredible softness. Comparatively, microfibers are two times finer than silk, three times finer than cotton, eight times finer than wool, and one hundred times finer than a human hair. Currently, there are four types of microfibers being produced. These include acrylic microfibers, nylon microfibers, polyester microfibers, and rayon microfibers.
Modacrylic Fiber A manufactured fiber similar to acrylic in characteristics and end-uses. Modacrylics have a higher resistance to chemicals and combustion than acrylic, but also have a lower safe ironing temperature and a higher specific gravity than acrylic.
Mohair Hair fibers from the Angora goat. Enduses include sweaters, coats, suits, and scarves. MoirĂŠ A corded fabric, usually made from silk
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or one of the manufactured fibers, which has a distinctive water-marked wavy pattern on the face of the fabric. Moisture Regain The amount of water a completely dry fiber will absorb from the air at a standard condition of 70 degrees F and a relative humidity of 65%. Expressed as a % of the dry fiber weight.
Moisture Transport The movement of water from one side of a fabric to the other, caused by capillary action, wicking, chemical or electrostatic action.
Monk's Cloth A heavy weight cotton fabric utilizing the basket weave variation of the plain weave. Used for draperies and slip covers, monk's cloth is an example of 4 x 4 basket weave. It has poor dimensional stability and tends to snag.
Monofilament A single filament of a manufactured fiber, usually made in a denier higher than 14. Monofilaments are usually spun singularly, rather than extruded as a group of filaments through a spinneret and spun into a yarn. End-uses include hosiery and sewing thread.
Muslin An inexpensive, medium weight, plain weave, low count (less than 160 threads per square inch) cotton sheeting fabric. In its unfinished form, it is commonly used in fashion design to make trial garments for preliminary fit. ... N ...
Nainsook A lightweight plain weave cotton fabric, usually finished to create a luster and a soft hand. Common end-uses are infants' wear, blouses, and lingerie.
Nap A fuzzy, fur-like feel created when fiber ends extend from the basic fabric structure to the fabric surface. The fabric can be napped on either one or both sides.
Net An open fabric, which is created by connecting the intersections in a woven, knitted, or crocheted construction to form a mesh-like appearance that won't ravel. End-uses include veils, curtains, and fish nets. Ninon A lightweight, plain weave, made of silk or manufactured fibers, with an open mesh-like appearance. Since the fabric is made with high twist filament yarns, it has a crisp hand. End uses include eveningwear and curtains. Nonwoven Fabric Fabrics made directly from individual fibers that are matted together by forming an interlocking web of fibers either mechanically (tangling together) or chemically (gluing, bonding, or melting together).
Novelty Yarn A yarn that is intentionally produced to have a special or unique effect. These effects can be produced by twisting together uneven single yarns, by using yarns that contain irregularities, or by twisting yarns that contain a color variance. A slubbed yarn is an example of a novelty yarn.
Nylon Produced in 1938, the first completely synthetic fiber developed. Known for its high strength and excellent resilience, nylon has superior abrasion resistance and high flexibility.
Nytril A manufactured fiber, most often used in sweaters or pile fabrics, where little or no pressing is recommended, as the fiber has a low softening or melting point. However, it has also been successfully used in blends with wool for the purpose of minimizing shrinkage and improving the shape retention in garments. ... O ...
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
Plain Weave
dresses, upholstery, and draperies.
Oxford A fine, soft, lightweight woven cotton or blended with manufactured fibers in a 2 x 1 basket weave variation of the plain weave construction. The fabric is used primarily in shirting’s.
Olefin (also known as polyolefin and polypropylene) A manufactured fiber characterized by its light weight, high strength, and abrasion resistance. Olefin is also good at transporting moisture, creating a wicking action. End-uses include activewear apparel, rope, indoor-outdoor carpets, lawn furniture, and upholstery. Organdy A stiffened, sheer, lightweight plain weave fabric, with a medium to high yarn count. End-uses include blouses, dresses, and curtains/draperies.
Organza A crisp, sheer, lightweight plain weave fabric, with a medium to high yarn count , made of silk, rayon, nylon, or polyester. The fabric is used primarily in evening and wedding apparel for women.
Osnaburg A tough medium to heavyweight coarsely woven plain weave fabric, usually made of a cotton or cotton/poly blend. Lower grades of the unfinished fabric are used for such industrial purposes as bags, sacks, pipe coverings. Higher grades of finished osnaburg can be found in mattress ticking, slipcovers, workwear, and apparel.
Ottoman A tightly woven plain weave ribbed fabric with a hard slightly lustered surface. The ribbed effect is created by weaving a finer silk or manufactured warp yarn with a heavier filler yarn, usually made of cotton, wool, or waste yarn. In the construction, the heavier filler yarn is completely covered by the warp yarn, thus creating the ribbed effect. End uses for this fabric include coats, suits,
... P ...
Paisley A tear-drop shaped, fancy printed pattern, used in dresses, blouses, and men's ties. Panné Velvet A type of lustrous, lightweight velvet fabric, usually made of silk or a manufactured fiber, in which the pile has been flattened in one direction.
Peau de Soie A heavy twill weave drapeable satin fabric, made of silk or a manufactured fiber, and used for bridal gowns and eveningwear.
Percale A medium weight, plain weave, low to medium count (180 to 250 threads per square inch) cotton-like fabric. Enduses include sheets, blouses, and dresses.
Pick A single horizontal yarn (fill or weft) in a woven textile. The number of picks per inch indicates the density of a fabric's construction
Pile Knit A type of knit construction which utilizes a special yarn or a sliver that is interlooped into a standard knit base. This construction is used in the formation of imitation fur fabrics, in special liners for cold weather apparel such as jackets and coats, and in some floor coverings. While any basic knit stitch may be used for the base of pile knits, the most common is the jersey stitch. Pile Weave A type of decorative weave in which a
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
Plied Yarn
pile is formed by additional warp or filling yarns interlaced in such a way that loops are formed on the surface or face of the fabric. The loops may be left uncut, or they may be cut to expose yarn ends and produce cut pile fabric.
Pill A tangled ball of fibers that appears on the surface of a fabric, as a result of wear or continued friction or rubbing on the surface of the fabric. Piqué A medium-weight fabric, either knit or woven, with raised dobby designs including cords, wales, waffles, or patterns. Woven versions have cords running lengthwise, or in the warp direction. Knitted versions are double-knit fabric constructions, created on multifeed circular knitting machines.
Plain Weave A basic weave, utilizing a simple alternate interlacing of warp and filling yarns. Any type of yarn made from any type of fiber can be manufactured into a plain weave fabric.
Plied Yarn A twisting together of two or more single yarns in one operation.
Plissé A lightweight, plain weave, fabric, made from cotton, rayon, or acetate, and characterized by a puckered striped effect, usually in the warp direction. The crinkled effect is created through the application of a caustic soda solution, which shrinks the fabric in the areas of the fabric where it is applied. Plissé is similar in appearance to seersucker. End-uses include dresses, shirtings, pajamas, and bedspreads. Polyester
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stitches to produce a knitted fabric design. Sweaters, knitted fabrics for infants and children's wear, knitted fabrics for specialized sportswear, and bulky knit fabrics are commonly made using the purl stitch. .... Q ...
Quilting A manufactured fiber introduced in the early 1950s, and is second only to cotton in worldwide use. Polyester has high strength (although somewhat lower than nylon), excellent resiliency, and high abrasion resistance. Low absorbency allows the fiber to dry quickly.
Polypropylene (also known as polyolefin and Olefin) A manufactured fiber characterized by its light weight, high strength, and abrasion resistance. Polypropylene is also good at transporting moisture, creating a wicking action. End-uses include active wear apparel, rope, indoor-outdoor carpets, lawn furniture, and upholstery.
Pongee The most common form is a naturally colored lightweight, plain weave, silklike fabric with a slubbed effect. Enduses include blouses, dresses, etc.
Poplin A fabric made using a rib variation of the plain weave. The construction is characterized by having a slight ridge effect in one direction, usually the filling. Poplin used to be associated with casual clothing, but as the "world of work" has become more relaxed, this fabric has developed into a staple of men's wardrobes, being used frequently in casual trousers. Purl Stitch A basic stitch used in weft knitting, which produces knit fabrics that have the same appearance on both sides. The purl stitch is frequently used in combination with the jersey and rib
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Quill A light, tapered tube of wood, metal, paper, or plastic on which the filling yarn is wound for use in the shuttle during weaving.
Quilting A fabric construction in which a layer of down or fiberfill is placed between two layers of fabric, and then held in place by stitching or sealing in a regular, consistent, all-over pattern on the goods. ... R ...
Ramie A bast fiber, similar to flax, taken from the stalk of a plant grown in China.
Raschel Knit A warp knitted fabric in which the resulting knit fabric resembles hand crocheted fabrics, lace fabrics, and nettings. Raschel warp knits contain inlaid connecting yarns in addition to columns of knit stitches.
Rib Knit A basic stitch used in weft knitting in which the knitting machines require two sets of needles operating at right an-
gles to each other. Rib knits have a very high degree of elasticity in the crosswise direction. This knitted fabric is used for complete garments and for such specialized uses as sleeve bands, neck bands, sweater waistbands, and special types of trims for use with other knit or woven fabrics. Lightweight sweaters in rib knits provide a close, body-hugging fit.
Rib Weave One of the plain weave variations, which is formed by using: 1) heavy yarns in the warp or filling direction, or 2) a substantially higher number of yarns per inch in one direction than in the other, or 3) several yarns grouped together as one. Rib fabrics are all characterized by having a slight ridge effect in one direction, usually the filling. Such fabrics may have problems with yarn slippage, abrasion resistance, and tear strength. Examples of this construction include broadcloth, poplin, taffeta, faille, shantung, and cord fabric.
Rayon A manufactured fiber composed of regenerated cellulose, derived from wood pulp, cotton linters, or other vegetable matter. Today, various names for rayon fibers are taken from different manufacturing processes. The two most commonly used production methods for rayon are the cuprammonium process and the viscose process. Repellency The ability of a fabric to resist such things as wetting and staining by water, stains, soil, etc.
Resiliency The ability of a fabric to spring back to its original shape after being twisted, crushed, wrinkled, or distorted in any way.
Rip-stop Nylon A lightweight, wind resistant, and water resistant plain weave fabric. Large rib yarns stop tears without adding excess weight to active sportswear apparel and outdoor equipment such as sleeping bags and tents.
Kohan Textile Journal , December 2011
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^HqHÆj , vhcHf G΄ñj Hd DfHdvhcHf ÏHiv<é;Ht ÏHqHÆj Vf I; nHûérh Dl<Âu ÏHi WoHa #1
DtVûl Ëh<j , DtVûl ØVf - XVII
IkhVs Nl> vn Hd , JζÂ[ ±ê˜l Jsh Ve<l ¨H; Dl<Âu ´Ni Hf HÂÙÎÆéöl I; DÁÎkh<r , Jg,n ÏHi JsHÎs #2 #nvhn £Häjvh ¨H;
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5)IgHs NÁ] Ív,n :d Dx D„ohn NÎg<j P¢s #3 FsHÁl ËNÎ] , Klh Í<ñk If Hi KgHs ËNÎ] Í<ñk
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^ch èvNr Kéahn DjvHäu If Hd ´H¢¶kh J΄fHr Vê;hNp #1
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S` &n,Vf ùvH;Vs Nih<o Dl I; DkHlc Hj NkCÎl èvH;
èhvnHw Líp #7
#n<a H†t ch ÍnH™ésh Vê;hNp NdHf ã<„¢l ÍnH™ésh ÏhVf
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I] vn nh<l ËHdV[ ÏhVf I G¥a If vhVÆésh óVx #1 D[Hök vn Ë> nVfvH; ? n,v Dl vH¥f DjHíkHovH; ÏHi NÎg<j Xo vn nh<l ËHdV[ óVx KdVj ÍnHs ?JsHí; ?nvhn DädH¶l I] , HdhCl I] Dk¨<x vHÎöf If vhVÆésh óVx , L èv<w If vhVÆésh óVx #2 ß<k :d ÏhVf ) ?Nkvhn DädH¶l , HdhCl I] U èv<w (Wòúl , DjhNÎg<j ß<k I] vn S èv<w If vhVÆésh óVx #3 ? Jsh Vj FsHÁl D¢dhVa I] Jñj , KgHs :d Gohn vn O èv<w If vhVÆésh óVx #4 Hf IödHÆl vn èv<w If ÏNÎg<j ÏHi KgHs vhVÆésh óVx ?nvhn DädH¶l I] , HdhCl I] Ø<t ÏHi óVx , S+L , I+u vhVÆésh óVx ßh<kh ËnV; FÎ;Vj #5 G¥a KdNÁ] Hd S , T KdNÁ] FÎ;Vj , ### , O+u Ik<æ] D[Hök J¶Áw vn VædNÂi Gohn nh<l ËHdV[ ? nVÎ= Dl èv<w
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Hf DÆ¢Ál I„wHt DÁ¶d Hi JÂör KÎf I„wHt GrhNp #5 n<[<l ÏHinvhNkHésh If I[<j
ÏNÎg<j JÎtVz , AdHíÁ= - I
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‰<ûñl DincHf , JΙÎ; - II ÏchNkh Íhv , Fûk ch Luh IÎg,h Vζj ìvHòl - III
DkHökh Ï,VÎk DdHífH[ GrhNp #7
Vζj , ÏvhNÈæk ìvHòl - IV
DÁÂdh Vê;h Np #8
Íhv ch AÎ` , Jf<k Vi vn KéohNkh vH¥f ìvHòl - V ÏchNkh cHÎk nv<l ÏH†t , JpHöl - VI
^ Layout vhVÆésh óVx
KÎaHl ËHÁÎÂxh J΄fHr - VII vhVÆésh óVx , Li vHÁ; NÎg<j £<¢o vhVÆsh óVx
vhcHf vn KÎaHl Ën<f n<[<l - VIII
Li vHÁ; èHíkHovH; , Hi ËHÂéoHs ^ vhVÆésh óVx ´hNih KÎζj
cHÎk nv<l V=vH; ß<k , nhN¶j - IX ß<k , nhVth ÏhVf KÎaHl ß<k ch DaHk èhV¢o - X
KdVéÈf , ?Na Nih<o GÎÈöj Ik<æ] NÎg<j NÁdhVt #1 £±éoh ch ÏVÎ=<„[ ÏhVf nh<l ËHdV[ Xo KdVj ÍnHs , ? JöÎ] Xs<j ÍNa T„j ËHlc , ÍNa ´Vûl ËHlc #2
èhCÎÈíj ^ µ ± È é s h c h G är ÍnH™ é s h nv <l ËHlc K ÎÂòj - XI #n<a :„Èéöl ‰Hs 10 vn KÎaHl :d NdHf v<ú; vn Êch<g , èH¶¢r Ën<Âk KdCædH[ DkHs> If - XII
88500885 ËhVäihv Ëh\<t J;Va ^ ËHÂg> K„; , Vt<kHi D[Hök ÏHi ÍHæúdHÂk ÍvHfvn èHu±xh Fö;
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K¥Âl ÏHi IÁdCi GrhNp
KÈ; I„íl
ÏvhB= IdHlVs èHkH¥lh - G n<a Dl ‰Häkn IkHovH; DphVxvn I; DthNih ^LÎÁ; DsvVf hv Vdc nvh<l NdHf IkHovH; DphVx vn
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&ã> ±ê˜l D„wh ÏHi Sd,Vs Ën<f õVésn vn #7
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C;hVl& ÏNÎg<j Nph, I¶s<j ÏhVf èHkH¥lh #10 DlH§ékh& DéahNÈf (### , DkHúk Aj> ) DÁÂdh èHkH¥lh #11 Ëh<Áu If Ëh<j DÂk Dg, nvhn Jd<g,h KÎlc JÂÎr #12 #nVf vH¥f GlHu D„` IkHovH; ‰Hêl Ëh<Áu If ) DsHÎs Gm Höl #13 ( ËHÈ™wh GdV;h ch Jg,n ü<ûòl ÏHi JdHÂp , HicHÎélh #14
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H†t , KÎlc ch ÍnH™ésh Vê;hNp - VI
ÏNÎg<j Nph, ùVéö= -3
ã<„¢l v<¢f DÁ¶d ^ DkHökh Ï,VÎk ch ÍnH™ésh - VII
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n<a DkHökh Ï,VÎk ch ÍnH™ésh Vê;hNp FsHÁl XÎñl , ËHÁÎÂxh , DÁÂdh ËnV; LihVt - VIII ÏNÎg<j VÎy , ÏNÎg<jch Luh ËHÁ;vH; ÏhVf vH;
NdN[ ‰<ûñl :d DphVx -5 Aòf :d ËH¥l VÎήj -6 èH¶dHq-7
óVx ÏhVf FsHÁl Gñl ãHòékh - IX
‰<ûñl ÍNa ÊHÂj IÁdCi -8
ÏNÎg<j FsHÁl è¨> KÎaHl ãHòékh - X
ËHlNkhv -9
Hf vhNkHésh , ã<„¢l JΙÎ; Hf ÏNÎg<j ÊHíkh - XI
DkHökh Ï,VÎk KétvvNi -10
88500885 ËhVäihv Ëh\<t J;Va ^ ËHÂg> K„; , Vt<kHi D[Hök ÏHi ÍHæúdHÂk ÍvHfvn èHu±xh Fö;
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IkHovH; IäsHñl , óVx DkHfl ‰,hAof nV[l D[H[c VwHk õNkÈl ^ Kd,Nj , IdÈj
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88500885 ËhVäihv Ëh\<t J;Va ^ ËHÂg> K„; , Vt<kHi D[Hök ÏHi ÍHæúdHÂk ÍvHfvn èHu±xh Fö;
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IödHÆl vn Hj ÍNa Fäs , Ín<f Ë> Vædn ÏHdhCl ch ETFE ÏVéúÎf Dd<[ ItVw ÏvH¶l vn Iétv vH¥f PgHûl VdHs Hf Kdh ch v<k v<äu ‰Hêl v<x If #NÁaHf Iéahn Ï\Vkh Eñf vn &Jsh Vj Jphv Ë> ËnV; ‰,v &Jsh VéúÎf ÍnHl ß<k , Ín<f VékHs> Ë> ËnV; NÁ„f , ËnV; UÂ[ , GÆk , GÂp ËnV; NÁ„f , GÂp ÏhVf ÏVéÂ; I΄Æk GdHs, If KdhVfHÁf , ËnV; CÎÂj If ETFE KÂq vn #Jahn Nih<o cHÎk ã> èHr,h Vê;h , Jahn Nih<o cHÎk ÏVéÂ; ÏvhNÈæk VxHo If Vlh Kdh I; Jöa Nih<o hv HÈÎ=n<g> IÂi ËhvHf ß<k Kdh D=NÁäö] Nq JÎwHo , Ën<f vh<Âi , ´Hw #NaHf Dl ÍnHl ÊHÂj ËHÎf ËH¥lh FgH¢l J¶s, J„u If IkH™sHél If HÈÁj , IéahNk n<[, IgHÆl Kdh vn GlH; v<x If FgH¢l H™é;h Dé¶Áw Gd<t Kdh ÏHÈÎ=|d, ch ÏVûéòl ËHÎf , èHÆÎÆñj Vf Ïh IlNÆl IgHÆl Kdh I; Jsh NÎlh #Ldn<Âk , NÎg<j If Nkh<éf , Ín<f IÁÎlc Kdh vn ÏN¶f ÏHÈúi,|` #NdHÂk :Â; ËHlv<ú; vn Gd<t Kdh vh ÍnH™ésh ùVéö= ^ UfHÁl 1. Domininghaus, H. (1992): Die Kunststoffe und ihre Eigenschaften (Plastics and their properties), VDI-Verlag, Dusseldorf. 2. Fitz, H. (1989): Witterungsbest.ndige Fluorkunststoffe im Auben einsatz (Weatherproof fluoroplastics in outdoor use); in: Werkstoff technik, Carl Hanser Verlag, M・chen, p. 519 – 524. 3. Fitz, H. (2004): Nicht veroffentlichte Korrespondenz (Unpublished correspondence). 4. Herrmann, H. (1986): Aufbereitungsanlagen (Preparation plant); in: Hensen, F.; Knappe, W.; Potente, H. (Hrsg.), Kunststoff –Extrusionstechnik II, Extrusionsanlagen, Carl Hanser Verlag, M・chen, Vienna, p. 2 – 33. 5. Nentwing, J. (2000) | Kunststoff Folien, Herstellung – Eigenschaften – Anwendung (Plastic foils, manufacture, properties, application); Carl Hanser Verlag, Munchen, Vienna. 6. Schwarz, O.; Ebeling, F.-W.; Furth, B. (1999) | Kunststoffverarbeitung (Plastics processing), Vogel Buchverlag, W・zburg.
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vn Vlh Kdh n<o I; &Nk<a ÍnH™ésh Ïn<Âu Hd DÆth JgHp
^ ËnV; CÎÂj
v< x If #n<f Nih<o vhB= VÎeHj Ínvh, ÏHiv Hf è HäsHñl
ETFE ÏHÈ„d<t &Ïh I]vH` ÏHi ÍcHs VdHs ´±oVf
Vél 3/5 Hj Ïh IkHin NkvnHr D„΢éöl ÏHÈ¥éúgHf ‰<¶l
ÏhVf , ÍNa NÎg<j Ë\,Véö;h I„pVl ËHdV[ vn HÚÂÎÆéöl
Vædn JÈ[ ËNkHa<` vn , Ínhn Aa<` hv (JÈ[ :d vn)
Fäs Vlh KÎÂi I; NÁéöi vh<Âi , ´Hw vHÎöf KÎÂi
nv<l vn Dg, Jahn NÁih<òk Dg<x Jdn,Nñl }Îi
P¢s Ï,v Vf vHäy , nV= , µHo ËNkHl , ãB[ AiH;
vn #JtV= VéúÎf DÂ; hv nH¶fh Ëh<j Dl Dê„êl ÏHÈ¥éúgHf
, vHäy , nV= Hj Nin Dl ÍcH[h ËhvHf If , Iéú= HÈ„d<t Kdh
ÏHÈ¥éúgHf If cHÎk V§k nv<l óVx Föp Vf I¥Îjv<w
Hf #Nd<úf HÈ„d<t Kdh P¢s ch hv ### , ËH=NkV` è¨<†t
ÍnH™ésh Hf Ëh<j Dl èv<w Kdh vn NÎaHf Iéahn ÏVé=vCf
ÏHÈ„d<t D[vHo P¢s Hj n<a Dl nHÈÁúÎ` n<[, Kdh
ìvHo , Gohn ch hv HÈ¥éúgHf Kdh &ÍNkvhNÈæk ÏHÈ„fH; ch
HÈ¥éúgHf D„ohn P¢s #nnV= CÎÂj ‰Hs 3 Hj 2 Vi ETFE
#n<Âk Jd<Æj , ÍnV; vHÈl
UÂíj ËhCÎl If Iéöf Dg, &(èvNk If) Nk<a CÎÂj NdHf CÎk 10 Hj 5 Vi I; LÎÁ; Dl nHÈÁúÎ` h<i D=n<g> , vHäy , nV=
^ JkHÂq
èv<w vn #Nk<a CÎÂj HÈ¥éúgHf D„ohn P¢s ‰Hs
JkHÂq Ïhvhn ETFE D¥éúgHf ÏHÈÂéöÎs IÂi
K¥Âl HÈ„d<t Kdh Ï,v Vf hNw ÍNÁÁ; hVÎl Id¨ ch ÍnH™ésh
-NÈæk nhnvhVr :d Hj n<a Dl nHÈÁúÎ` KÂq vn , NÁéöi
NfHd AdhCth HÈ™Æs Kdh ËnV; CÎÂj ÏhVf ã,HÁj ËHlc Jsh
ch RdVx KdNf Hj nnV= NƶÁl ÍNkcHs J;Va Hf CÎk Ïvh
DédHs ch , Ín<f £<fVl JdHs Gñl If ß<q<l Kdh Dg,
h<i ÍNÁln èhCÎÈíj , Gd<t RÎrn , PÎñw nV¥„Âu
nHÈÁúÎ` & Kdh Vf Í,±u #nV; Nih<o ØVt Vædn JdHs If
#n<a GwHp ËHÁÎÂxh
Sd,Vs IgHs Vi CÎk hv h<i ÍNÁln ÏHiNph, Hj nnV= Dl # Ld<a Ká¢l HÈk> PÎñw nV¥„Âu ch , ÍnV;
^ ÍnHl Jl,HÆl Ïhvhn Ë,V¥Îl 250 JlHòq If ETFE Gd<t :d #NaHf Dl Vdc èHÎw<ûo
^ Ëc, 2 KÎf XÆt , Ín<f :äs JdHÈÁÎf ETFE ÏHÈ¥éúgHf #Nkvhn Ëc, UfVl Vél Vi vn ÊV=<„Î; 3/5 Hj
^ÏVÎ= IíÎék hv h<i ETFE D¥éúgHf ÏHÈÂéöÎs I; I¥ÎmHík> ch
^ :éúgHf CdHs
Df<o RdHu Li &NkchNkh Dl Êhn If n<o ÏHi Id¨ KÎf vn
JoHs Ïh ÍchNkh Vi If Ëh<j Dl hv ETFE ÏHÈ¥éúgHf
v<¢kHÂi Iéägh #NÁin Dl v<äu n<o ch hv v<k Li , NÁéöi
Aa<` hv D„¥a Vi Hf D™Æs Vi Hj NkvnHr HÈ¥éúgHf Kdh ,
DdHi Id¨ ch HÈ„d<t Kdh Ï,v Vf Ëh<j Dl Na Ié™= I;
, ËhvHf , ´Vf ch DaHk vHf If HÈ„d<t Kdh ÍchNkh Iéägh #NÁin
v<k ËhCÎl ÏVfvH; ß<k , Ir±u FöpVf Hj nV; ÍnH™ésh
Dæéöf (DphVx If Iéöf) HÈ„d<t Kdh ÏVÎ=vhVr JÈ[
L; nH¶fh , Ëc, &Kdh Vf Í,±u #nhn VÎήj hv Ë> ch Ïv<äu
,n Vi vn Hj NkvnHr HÈ„d<t Kdh ‰Hêl v<x If #Jahn Nih<o
ËhVdh DÁÎaHl ùVt , D[Hök ËhVdNl CÎl Ï,v &è,H™él Ïh I„íl ^ KÈ; I„íl