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Taksim Urban Design Competition 2020
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HOW CAN DESIGN CATALYZE A PUBLIC AND INCITE PLATFORMS FOR ACTION? WHAT IS THE AGENCY OF SPATIAL PRACTICE TO INSTIGATE SOCIO-POLITICAL INTERACTION FOR ACTIVE PARTICIPATORY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS? HOW TO EMPOWER THE DYNAMICS OF TAKSIM TO CONVERT ITS SPHERE FROM A TENSION ZONE OFCONFRONTATION INTO A COLLECTIVE TABLE OF DIALOGUE? keywords: democratic, interactive, crowd-sourced, scripted, indeterminate, subversive, reactive, networked, defiant, adhocratic, transparent, resistant, temporary, performative
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Space of reconciliation and negotiation
Participatory Action for Taksim Reading/interpretation and position Oscillating between the local and global, socio-political and socio-ecological as well as the permanent and ephemeral, Taksim is the most symbolic square of the city and the country with its multilayered and diverse identity. Originating from a water collection/distribution point, Taksim has perpetually been reconfigured and reinvented from a peripheral green into the principal urban center; from a state ceremony arena into a gathering/strolling esplanade; from the core of arts &culture into a commercial transportation hub; and from a stage of power demonstration into a square of democratic speech. With this continual and mutual evolution, Taksim is a space of constant transformation yet of outstanding permanence, connecting those simultaneously to their ancestors and successors, thus creating the basis for Arendt’s memorable “common world” of public life: “The common world transcends our lifespan into past and future alike; it was there before we came and will outlast our brief sojourn in it. It is what we have in common not only with those who live with us, but also with those who were here before and with those who will come after us.” 1 It is this strong dynamism of Taksim – with its human artifacts and institutions – to endure through time and become the common heritage of successive generations. Such sphere of “public-ness” transpires and transcends the ephemerality of those who inhabit it; it constitutes a lasting/stable ground that allows for human remembrance and anticipation both as cumulative memory and as a measure of trust in the future. This unique gravity of Taksim, hence renders the area as the utmost tense and critical space of conflict–a tension zone in the midst of opposing poles and their monuments: shrines of state socialism vs. pillars of neoliberalism; modernist western nation state ideologies vs. orientalist reminiscent of the past; consumerist tourism activities vs. cultural and educational institutes; democratic expression vs. autocratic surveillance; nature vs. urban; car vs. pedestrian; soft vs. hard; … To this end, their dual confrontational stance resembles a chess game where the sole aim is to achieve a checkmate by removing the opponent’s captured pieces. Conflict is an inevitable component of democracy, however, is it possible to channel its energy for negotiation and reconciliation?
Subsequently, is it possible to empower the dynamics of Taksim to convert its public sphere from a tension zone of confrontation into a collective table of dialogue? 21st century has sparked a paradigm shift of public to publics, prompting the repositioning of the role and performance of public space to operate within the contemporary urban complexities and their increasingly dynamic transformations. This particular iconic public space proved its potential to serve as an example of a new experience that can distance itself from the top-down manipulations and conflicts of the past, and rather create a vision of change towards a participatory future. Parallel to global tendencies and conjunctures of our young century, during Gezi Park events, the determined functions and rhetoric of public space were tested beyond their allocated formal perception; a new city was established with its tents, library, food dispensing units, infirmary, performance stage, discussion podiums and speaker’s corner. By its very nature, it was a spontaneous ephemeral city created from the bottom-up. This period also showed how technology can be used to improve and change our democracy; how physical and digital space are more effective when used as mediators that do not contradict but reciprocally foster one another. This transforming production and social communication provided a glimpse at the currently reinvented fabric of our socio-spatial environment. The aim of this quest is to search the ways spatial design can facilitate socio-political engagement in public space and elicit conversations between the individual, the collective and the institution; as well as to augment socio-ecological encounters at the intersection of the human and natural spheres. Democratic right to city is not merely about protest in Taksim, nor its participatory process can be limited to objections to already approved decisions during the official public display periods. It is about creating the socio-spatial conditions to enable socio-political and socio-ecological interactions, and therefore, promoting systems of negotiation and reconciliation that are responsive, adaptable, non-linear and multivalent. Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1958), 55. 1
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Taksim as a node of ecologic systems
Taksim as a node of prominent urban public routes/spaces / institutions Yet, what is the agency of spatial practice to instigate socio-political interaction for active participatory decision-making process? And, how can design catalyze a public to incite responsive platforms of social, ecological and political action? At the intersection of increasingly pluralistic, unpredictable, contingent and broad networks, Taksim emerges as a multilayered node expanding the context and climate of the project while testing the role and relevancy of the spatial professions in the quest of fostering socio-politically inclusive and socio-ecologically motivated design. This positioning of the networked participatory design replaces the logics of the industrial age, where the creative one designed for the non-creative masses; instead, it promotes the designer as “the facilitator” who enables a design mechanism – a framework of interactive tools for the divergent conditions of the urban field.
This strategy deploys tactics to collaborate with the indeterminacy of the contemporary city or society alongside the ecology by introducing a flexible and unified framework that is to be intervened by human activities or natural flows to absorb the ever-changing configurations. 2 In the light of such understanding of the designer as the facilitator; the project aims the creation of enabling fields instead of stable configurations; it focuses on accommodating processes that refuse to be crystallized into definitive form; discovering the manipulations of an open collective framework for endless intensifications, diversifications, and redistributions. Fabricating resilience – to allow and adapt user/ecologic manipulation– is perhaps the only way for spatial practice to gain agency in the design of Taksim’s public sphere that is increasingly divergent, crisis-ridden, contradictory, and formed by the
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Taksim as global/local collector, a socio-political node
“The process of reclamation” based on an adhocratic spatial approach” complex negotiation of politics, economics, culture and the environment amongst others. By seeking symbiosis and feedback between natural and human as well as physical and digital spheres, we can reframe Taksim as a democratic eco-political project that inclusively evolves with the city.
Thus, for this very reason an open and participatory framework at the intersection of the individual and the collective is needed; a dynamic, adaptive and reactive framework that operates through organization, legibility and directionality while allowing utmost flexibility for spontaneous, self-generated occupation.
If the individual’s feedback is the democratic alternative for continuous change and evolution of the space, why a legible framework of plurality as a design mechanism is still required in Taksim?
Response: A design mechanism - Coupling of Physical and Digital Framework
Pluralism is typically understood as meaning diverse, different or divergent, it is in fact much more complex and political in nature. As Arendt suggests, plurality is an expression of both the common public and distinct individuals; thus, posits the dialectic of our “distinct-equality” 3 at the core of the discourse for public sphere. Arendt’s characterization of this complex and seemingly contradictory public sphere is perhaps best summarized through her analogy of a group of people sitting around a table. For Arendt, the table is the common world - it simultaneously connects and bonds those around it while preventing them from falling over each other and assimilating belief systems. The disappearance of the table would leave strangers in an illegible space that lacked common bond - this would be the fall of the public realm and its associated reality and stability. 4 This reading of public sphere as a communal table defines the framework as a trigger mechanism that encourages the public and harness collectivity without suppressing individual expression or identity. Its legibility allows the individual to continually understand the ways of engaging with the space and thereby participate in the collective. The disappearance of a collective framework is what threatens and deteriorates the dynamism of Taksim. As a merged composition of functionally and characteristically distinct zones, this amalgamated space offers a series of diverse fields that are adjacent to each other yet not working together. The spatial/ legal/political/social illegibility renders Taksim as comprised of unrelated grounds, each piece locked into its own self-referential logic, each component unwilling to compromise for the sake of the common ground. This illegible perception confuses the ways of public use and discourages many forms of engagement with the space.
As a ‘process-driven’ design approach, the project probes instigating a new form of civic publicness through a hybrid framework that enables dynamic coexistence of socio-political/ecological/cultural/economic mutations. This framework constitutes a broad composition of collective, open and resilient tools promoting active contribution of the user and welcoming the impact of environmental conditions. Employing the coupling of physical and digital infrastructures to create this hybrid framework, the project aims to facilitate an active afterlife beyond the designers’ involvement in order to formulate the long-term viability of Taksim’s public sphere. Infrastructure as a base condition for the formation of a city, engages the entire public without taking a particular stance. However, the definition of urban infrastructure in public space moves beyond the physically bound forms as digital expands its territory and its associated criticality for the public discourse. While their mutual interference creates a chain reaction of interactivity and information, the interdependent and intertwined harmony of the two emerges as the catalyst of the common ground generating the tools for public to continually reinvent, reformulate and reshape the public sphere.
Rem Koolhaas, “Congestion without Matter” in S, M, L, XL. Rem Koolhaas and Bruce Mau, Ed. Moncelli Press, New York and Rotterdam, 1995, p. 921. 3 “Human Plurality, the basic condition of both action and speech, has the twofold character of equality and distinction. If men were not equal, they could neither understand each other and those who came before them nor plan for the future and foresee the needs of those who will come after them. If men were not distinct, each human being distinguished from any other who is, was, or will ever be, they would neither speech nor action to make themselves understood.” Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1958), 175-176. 4 Ibid., 52 2
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Urban infrastructure analyses Problem / Transportation-Circulation: Taksim Municipal Garden functions as a transitory subway exit area as it lacks inviting programmatic or circulatory components. The arrangement of the hard surface areas and the paths do not allow for efficient access, and this situation caused “goat paths” on the green surface as people tend to take shortcuts.
Problem / Barriers of Public Space: The open spaces of Ataturk Library are enclosed with fences restraining the public use and creating conge sted waiting lines in the entrance. Potential / Barriers of Public Space + Circulation: While controlled access can be maintained only at the entrance of the library building to balance the capacity, the fences around the open space can be lifted to devise public space continuity extending the interior street of newly planned AKM and stretching in between two faculties creating an open campus zone where academic and recreational programs are intertwined.
Potential / Transportation-Circulation: Historically, Taksim Municipal Garden consisted of organic paths venturing towards Park No.2 with a contrasting spatial organization in comparison to Gezi Park. Rearrangement of the circulation based on its original spatial structure, improving the efficiency of the subway exit access and extending the programmatic connection to Congress Valley could render Taksim Garden a more vibrant and actively used connecting park.
Problem / Transportation-Circulation + Preservation: Location of the subway entrance on the southwest corner of Gezi Park had altered the original spatial organization of the park’s entrance that consisted of grand ramps from both sides. These symmetric circulatory components provided a legible and strong connection with the square, however, the current reconfiguration of the ramp blocks the visual connection and renders the access as a back entrance behind the elevator unit while positing a problem for holistic preservation of Gezi Park.
Potential / Circulation + Program: The public axis from Gezi Park to Park No.2 constitutes a fundamental pedestrian and green system connection, however, the frequency of use significantly decreases after Gezi Park. Injection of engaging public programs on this route can enhance and strengthen the itinerary.
Problem / Circulation + Program: The vast hard surface that constitute the form of the pedestrianized plaza today is a merged composition of functionally and characteristically distinct zones. While the remnants of these distinct spaces (Cumhuriyet Street, Republic Monument roundabout and Republic Square) are still legible on the site, the transitory area where they are monotonously amalgamated creates an undefined, disproportionate and illegible surface. This illegible perception confuses the ways of public use and engagement with the space. Problem / Transportation-Circulation: Bus stops, minibus stop and service parking lot on Mete Street generate a constant obstructive wall of vehicles and disrupts the pedestrian flow and connection in between Taksim Republic Square and Ataturk Cultural Center. Relocation of the stops could enhance the center’s connection with the square. Newly planted trees in this part of the square also deepen the programmatic fracture between the square and the cultural center.
Barriers of public space Transportation/circulation Preservation Problem / Transportation-Circulation: Pausing and loitering taxis on Siraselviler Street around the Republic Monument and on Cumhuriyet Street around the Airport bus stop create congested entrance areas to the square area while also causing bothersome air and noise pollution. Regulative measures for taxi circulation in and around the site - such as rotation according to waiting passengers instead of pausing/waiting vehicles, as well as the use of electric vehicles can contribute to pedestrian and eco-friendly solutions.
Problem / Barriers of Public Space + Preservation: The kiosks and police barriers in front of Maksem interfere with the dense and frequent pedestrian flow towards Istiklal Street while also obscuring Maksem’s façade and its fountains’ relationship with the square. Problem / Barriers of Public Space + Circulation: The stepped surface intervention and the curved steel structure building on the north of Maksem and the Republic Monument hinder the connection of Tarlabasi Boulevard and the square, treating the boulevard as a back alley to be avoided. The continuity between Cumhuriyet Street axis and Tarlabasi Boulevard is crucial in integrating the socio-programmatic bond with the close vicinity.
Problem / Barriers of Public Space: Crowd control barriers and police vehicles located in Gezi Park entrance areas and Istiklal Street create not only physical but also political barriers for free movement and perception. This intimidating, controlling and strict surveillance constitutes a notion of tension discouraging the dynamic and democratic use of public space.
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Problem / Water Management: Although Taksim’s initial existence is extensively reasoned with water, today, it is significantly hard to feel the presence of water as part of the public space.
Ecological infrastructure analyses
Potential / Water Management: As a historically vital water collection/distribution point, the area offers a great potential where historic and contemporary storm water management infrastructures are combined to increase the bioclimatic conditions of the square, providing performative and programmatic public engagement of water within the public space.
Problem / Water Management: The vast amount of impermeable surface in the area prevent rainwater from seeping into the ground to replenish groundwater in underground aquifers. Moreover, miscalculated surface and corner joint areas interrupt the water flow, causing accumulation and water run-off. Capturing storm water through natural processes and permeable surfaces is crucial not only to be able to efficiently manage the water resources but also to restore the biodiversity of the site’s ecosystem. Potential / Water Management: The existing water feature on Cumhuriyet Street is an unsustainable, energy consuming, decorative element; however, the street is located on one of the historic water routes originating from Maksem, and carries potential to offer integrative ecologic water solutions. Similarly, all historic water routes and current water flow pattern of Taksim serve as an opportunity to create bioswales filtering surface and storm water to increase the bioclimatic conditions of the site while also creating programmatic interaction with user.
Potential /Bioclimatic Conditions: The vast impermeable surface in the area increases the urban heat island effect, implementation of performative water and green systems will transform the bioclimatic conditions of the site. Potential / Fauna: As other everyday users of the site, the bird species -especially around the Republic Monument- have become part of Taksim’s urban memory. Deployment of integrative and ecologic interventions can convert Taksim also into an ecological co-habitat zone.
Green system Bioclimatic conditions Water management Unpermeable surface Shadow areas
Potential / Water Management: Topographically Gezi Park is located at a higher elevation almost at the ridge of the hill, acting as a collecting basin. This feature can be enhanced by revitalizing convenient areas as water collecting and storing bioswale zones to create an ecologically self-sufficient green infrastructure boosting the biodiversity also by providing resting point for the fauna.
Problem / Water Management: The soft surface components in the site mainly consist of grass which unsustainably requires substantial maintenance while also causing biodiversity loss. Use of native groundcovers will facilitate the recuperation of the site’s ecosystem as well as protection of the top soil from erosion and water-loss.
Potential / Water Management: The terraced and sloped topography of Ataturk Library area leading down towards Bosphorus offers opportunity to create a chain of rain gardens and bioswales filtering the water and to conceive engaging recreational programs.
Problem / Green System: Considering the historical evolution of the space, it can be seen that with each intervention, permeable surfaces of the site have gradually decreased. Currently permeable surfaces are smaller in size and fragmented. Potential / Green System: Use of non-native plants and heavily urbanized atmosphere causes biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation as well as soil quality damage; the effects of these circumstances can be observed through all sites of Park No.2, consisting of Gezi Park, Elmadag Park, Congress Valley and Macka Park which establish a vital continuity for the patch-corridor matrix of Istanbul. Ecosystem recuperation and restoration are essential operations in the overall site.
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Physical framework Conceived as the combination of open activity grounds and mediating infrastructural layers, the physical framework generates the connected commons of Taksim as a whole. The project opportunistically values and reinterprets the divergence of characteristically and functionally distinct zones of Taksim by transforming them into open activity grounds to encourage user manipulation and improvisation; and to articulate the movement and interchange in and around these zones, the framework overlaps the circulation, transportation, ecologic and ergonomic layers to reconcile and feed all episodes of the site.
While the open activity grounds aim to accommodate a variety of programmatic events for a never ending public life all year round, the mediating infrastructural layers not only support and serve these zones but also, help define the boundaries without necessarily mitigating but instead harnessing their connection. Together they define a tactical, agile, action-oriented envelopean adhocratic spatial approach- to diversify and increase urban life both from the incorporation of existing uses and the introduction of new/unforeseen ones to facilitate future mutations.
syntax of open spaces/open activity grounds: characteristic zones and transitory spaces
Sport programs
mediating infrastructure
Bike & pedestrian path continuation
Playgrounds Inclined lawn + event corridor programs
Organic paths: efficient circulation Water ltration
Taksim Municipal Garden
Transitory trace of Cumhuriyet Street
Wandering paths
Open campus & Recreational programs
Social processor: revitalizing underground space
Permeable surfaces
Water ltration
Light-patio entrances
Ataturk Library
Republic Monument
Temporary pedestrian road for events Gezi park + square events
Bike & pedestrian path continuation
AKM + square events
Recreational programs
Water ltration
Water ltration Permeable surfaces
Republic Square
Gezi Park
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Digital framework Embodying an augmented environment of user interaction and data, the layers of this framework are designed to encourage citizen engagement and improvisation while adding a dimension of transparency and amplifying the experience of participatory public life. As a responsive and communicative ecosystem, the digital framework relates authorities to citizens in a more direct and horizontal
way, as well as interconnect individuals around a common goal. With its layers offering distributed monitoring system to information and feedback flow on draft legislation; self-organization tools to collective information; the adoption of the digital tools for Taksim’s public sphere is not an attempt to use technology for technology’s sake, rather it is to consolidate more empirically-based human-centered design aiming to achieve democratic, transparent and participatory decision-making processes.
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Case Resolved!! ...... replied to your comment. New Meeting Calender update!
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Digital and physical notification and easy tracking tools allow individuals to follow ongoing cases, processes, complaints or discussions, increasing their engagement with the city.
organization
newsfeed
watch meetings
on going projects
forum
meeting reports
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collectivity
#Meet the Participants
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Atatürk Library AVAILABLE
Participant Name:
student, 18
for applications
Program details:
BOOKED
Preferred Dates:
Gezi Park
sculpture exhibiton
Send Media / Portfolio / Report
submit
see calender
TAKSİM
MAKSEM
information
collective information
BOOKED
womens day march
Republic Sq
TAKSİM
optimize
historic map
Historic Water Route Historic Landmarks Historic Data
information People Density
monitor
Vehicle Traffic Demographic Data
urban data
self organiz ation
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Layers of Physical framework Water & Green: Ecology
Aiming to restore and recuperate the biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation of the ecological infrastructure in this densely urbanized area, the proposal focuses on resilient solutions and increases permeable surfaces as much as possible
to foster ecologically self-sufficient urban ecosystem, boosting the biodiversity and providing performative and programmatic public engagement of water and green within the public space.
Transportation
The transportation and circulation feeds all sections of the site, however, the project focuses on pedestrian friendly solutions, by limiting the car traffic in certain areas around the Republic Square and offering temporary closing options for event peri-
ods. In addition to increasing interaction and accessibility with newly proposed underground exits, with the projected bike route, the project increases the diversity of transport options as well as encourage a recreational connection.
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Layers of Digital framework Follow and feed
Interaction / Horizontality
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Layers of Physical framework Ergonomics
In addition to providing basic support infrastructure, the ergonomic components activate various parts as they are distributed across the site with a certain frequency.
These include urban furniture with digital interaction and innovative energy solutions, activity pods, playgrounds, urban lighting, etc.
Social processor
Taking advantage of the vacant underground space, the project creates a physical social processor that offers itself as a lab of multidimensional public interactions between the citizens and the institutions. Conceived as a community hub, the
processor consists of conference room/forum, exhibition hole, maker space, co-working area and a small library. Its unique location in the intersection of transportation hub creates divergent opportunities for public interactions.
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Layers of Digital framework Collective Information
Self-organization tools
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Gezi Park With increased permeable surfaces, Gezi Park will accomodate activities for everyone.
self - organization
#event calender
Activity grounds on can be reserved for various common activities through digital framework.
apply
Participant Name: Program details: Preferred Dates: Send Media / Portfolio / Report see calender
submit
Republic Square
Activity grounds wil be used for events in coordination with AKM through a participatory proccess.
Open activity grounds holds a variety of programmatic events and the schedule is adjusted collectively while always accommodatingthe right to gather.
Taksim Municipal Garden
AtatĂźrk Library AVAILABLE
for applications
BOOKED sculpture exhibiton
Gezi Park
Comprehensive historic information on Taksim can be accessed through digital framework.
TAKSÄ°M BOOKED
womens day march
Republic Sq
MAKSEM
information
historic map
Historic Water Route Historic Landmarks Historic Data
information
urban data
People Density Vehicle Traffic Demographic Data
Underground
#Meet the Participants
Connecting voids strengthen the relationship between the plaza and underground transportation level.
Digital framework allows individuals to meet the participants of open activity grounds.
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Musician
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Questions
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Social processors are hubs for community engagement, and serve as informative spaces.
Art Exhibition between
12.10-12.12
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Underused spaces on the underground level are repurposed to host events.
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URBAN PLANNER
Team 1. Architect, Urban Designer / Author Architect (Team Leader)
Focus areas and role/impact in the team: Dialectic of Pluralism within Public Space Design, Infrastructural Public, Soft Systems/Open Work in Architecture, Design & Historic Preservation Background and Experience: Architect and Urban Designer - prior experience as researcher, with awarded competition and implementation projects, holding international recognition for innovative design work and research expanding from published papers and exhibitions on the relationship of Public Space and Infrastructure to implemented public park projects with historic preservation content.
2. Architect, Urban Planner / Author Urban Planner
Focus areas and role/impact in the team: Trans-scalar design research, Territorial urbanism and infrastructure, Contingent infrastructures, Collective urban form, Ecological Urbanism Background and Experience: Architect /Planner with built and executed public space competition projects and urban master plan works that received international recognition through awards; holding temporary positions as invited lecturer and design studio critic with published academic work on contingent/resilient infrastructures.
3. Landscape Architect / Author Landscape Architect
Focus areas and role/impact in the team: Urban ecologies, urban ecosystem rehabilitation, resilient water management strategies, environmental health Background and Experience: Landscape architect and designer focusing on urban ecosystem restoration with work experience on completed public park project with impacts on urban design and scale, as well as awarded competition projects and contribution to international academic seminars and workshops.
4. Architect, Associate Professor / Author Architect
Focus areas and role/impact in the team: Poetics and politics of public space, spatial impacts of the networked society, information-driven design and digital design technology Background and Experience: Architect and an educator. Awarded designer with competition and commissioned projects with published papers in internationally prestigious journals, proceedings and books, as well as invited lectures in scientific venues. With tenure and visiting professorships focusing on studio education; design practice; design theory and criticism; and design computation and informatics.
5. Architect / Assistant
Focus areas and role: Background and Experience: Architect, Digital Design and Graphics, Digital Fabrication, Critical Theory, Urban Interiors, Interior Design, Public Space and Everyday Life Architect/Designer, working on the liminal zone in-between arts and architecture. Experience with executed public space competition and institutional projects. Received design and merit awards internationally. Current work oscillating between various scales of urban living and architecture.
6. Architect, Research Assistant / Assistant
Focus areas and role: Landscape Urbanism, Infrastructural Networks, Soft Systems, Urban Resiliency, Design Theory, Background and Experience: Architect/Urban Designer, currently working as a researcher in an internationally recognized university, focusing on urban infrastructures. Received international architectural design awards and fellowships. Previous experience includes executed large scale urban competitions and research projects across the globe.
7. Sociologist / Advisor
Focus areas: Qualitative research, ethnography and social community research, digital media strategies, social theory Role: Advising and supporting the team to interpret social analyses, practice innovative media and technology in socio-spatial contexts, conceptualize democratic, inclusive “co-creation� processes, and devise physical-digital public interaction contents such as cyclical events, surveys, forums, urban actions, citizen communication and participation tools.
8. UX (User Experience) Designer / Advisor
Focus areas: User research, user experience design in digital product development, retail design & customer experience design, user interface design Role: Assisting the team to establish a custom digital interface designed to promote urban participation and collective creativity processes facilitating interaction models, user-centered design, content consistency and comprehensibility, hypothetical user scenarios and dynamic content optimization.
9. Lawyer / Advisor
Focus areas: Urban legislation, construction law, cultural heritage preservation policies, urban development policies for master/zoning plan Role: Consulting the team to develop new public space policy recommendations and legislative implementation strategies by ensuring the values of equity, public participation, accessibility, transparency, efficiency, fairness, accountability and preservation.
Taksim Urban Design Competition 2020