5jflif{sf]T;j cf}+
@)!% cS6f]a/ jif{ ^ c+s &^
cd]l/sfdf s"n *$ xhf/ % ;o $& e"6fgL cfly{s jif{ @)!$÷)!% df dfq % xhf/ & ;o &%
(What is inside ?) à cd]l/sf *$ xhf/ e"6fgL=========! (US has 84 thousands Bhutanese)
à gful/s k/LIffsf] c+u|]hL @=======# (English section of Civic Test 2)
à k'?if k|hgg k|0ffnLsf c+u=====$ (Organs of male reprod. system) (Most common Eng. words 44)
cd]l/sfdf % xhf/ & ;o &% e"6fgL k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 . of] ;+Vof;d]t pQm cjlw;Dd -;g\ @))* kl5_ cd]l/sfdf k'g:yf{lkt x'g]sf] ;+Vof *$ xhf/ % ;o $& k'u]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf] cfly{s jif{ cS6f]a/ ! df z'? eP/ csf]{ jif{sf] ;]K6]Da/ #! df ;lsG5 . ;g\ @)!$ cS6f]a/ ! b]lv ;g\ @)!% ;]K6]Da/ #! ;Ddsf] k'g:yf{lktsf] tYofÍ x]bf{ ;aeGbf a9L ;g\ @)!% cu:tdf ( ;o @! / slDtdf d] @)!% df z'Go /Xof] . c? b]zaf6 k'g:yf{kgf
o; c+sdf s] s] <
à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb $$==========$
cfly{s jif{ @)!$÷)!% df
cf]xfof]sf] sf]nDa;glhs} /]gf]N8;\ju{ (Reynoldsburg) l:yt uf}td lgjf;df @)&@ ;fn -;g\ @)!%_ sf] bz}+ dgfpFb} uf}td kl/jf/ .
cd]l/sfn] ljleGg d'n'saf6 jif]{lg a9Ldf *) xhf/ z/0ffyL{ a;f]af; u/fpF5 . of] l;df z'?df lyPg, s'g} jif{ @ nfv / s'g} jif{ !( xhf/dfq k'g:yf{lkt u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;g\ !(&% cd]l/sfn] cf}krfl/s ¿kdf z/0ffyL{ k'g:yf{kgf yfn]sf] xf] . ;g\ @)!@ km]a|'c/Ldf cd]l/sfn] #) nfv
@ @)!% cS6f]a/, jif{ ^ c+s &^
cd]l/sfn] /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{ pRrfo'Stsf] sfof{no (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; UNHCR), cGt/f{li6«o cfk|jf; ;+u7g (International Organization for Migration; IOM) /
jfl;ª\u6gsf] l;of6n (Seattle) l:yt bjf8L lgjf;df lktf b]jLeSt tyf dftf ;/:jtLaf6 @)&@ ;fnsf] bz}+sf] l6sf yfKb} ob' bjf8L . z/0ffyL{ a;f]af; u/fof] . ;g\ !(*) sf] bzsdf leotgfd, nfcf]; tyf ;f]leot ;+3 -xfnsf] ¿; tyf cGo ljeflht d'n's_ af6 z/0ffyL{ cd]l/sf NofOGy] . ;g\ !(() sf] bzsdf k"j{–o'uf]:nfleof o'4kl5 w]/} af]l:gofnL z/0ffyL{ cd]l/sf cfP . @! ztfAbL z'¿ ePkl5 adf{, e"6fg, O/fg,
O/fs / ;f]dflnofaf6 z/0ffyL{ NofP/ cd]l/sfdf k'g:yf{lkt ul/Psf] kfOG5 . cd]l/sfafx]ssf b]zdf
;/sf/sf] bdgsf sf/0f g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL ;g\ !(() bzsdf b]z 5f8\g'eof] . g]kfn cfP/ a:g'eof] . Ps nfveGbf a9L e"6fgLn] & j6f lzlj/df z/0ffyL{sf] hLjg latfpg'eof] .
cGo & d'n'ssf] ;xsfo{df ;g\ @))* dfr{df k'g:yf{kgf k|lqmof ;'? u/]sf] lyof] . of] k|lqmof hf/L 5 . cfOcf]Pdsf cg';f/ cd]l/sfafx]s Sofgf8fdf ^ xhf/ % ;o, ci6«]lnofdf % xhf/ % ;o %$, Go"lhNof08df ! xhf/ @, 8]gdfs{df * ;o &$, gj]{df % ;o ^^, ;+o'Qm clw/fHo -a]nfot_ df # ;o %* / g]b/Nof08df # ;o @& hgf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 . o;/L Ps nfv e"6fgL t];|f] b]zdf k'g:yf{lkt eO;Sg'ePsf] 5 . ca sl/a !^ xhf/ e"6fgL g]kfndf x'g'x'G5 .
;g\ @))* kl5 dlxgflkR5] k'g:yf{lkt e"6fgL
cd]l/sfdf s'g jif{ slt k'g:yf{lkt< ;g\ @)!# dfr{b]lv g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgLx? cd]l/sL gful/s aGg yfNg'ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sfdf s'g jif{ / slt ;+VofM à ;g\ @))* % xhf/ # ;o @), à ;g\ @))( !# xhf/ $ ;o #@, à ;g\ @)!) !@ xhf/ # ;o ^# à ;g\ @)!! !$ xhf/ ( ;o (( à ;g\ @)!@ !% xhf/ &) à ;g\ @)!# ( xhf/ ! ;o #$ à ;g\ @)!$ * xhf/ $ ;o #$, / à ;g\ @)!% % xhf/ & ;o &% .
@)!% cS6f]a/, jif{ ^ c+s &^
#
c+u|]hL–efêfsf] k/LIff,
gful/stf k/LIff (Civic Test)
df
;xefuL x'Fbf tkfO{+;Fu c+u|]hL–efiffsf] 1fg s] slt 5 eg]/ hfFlrG5 . c+u|]hL–efiff1fgsf] tof/Lsf nflu cIfl/sfn] gful/stfsf] k/LIffsf] k':tsaf6 c+u|]hL hfFr (English Test) sf] c+z cg'jfb ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; c+sdf xfd|f] bf];|f] c+zM ••
c+u|]hL–efiff k/LIffdf tLg c+zdWo] k7g efu (reading portion) sf] afFsL c+z oxfF lbOPsf] 5M gful/s–zf:q (Civics) ▪ cd]l/sL em08f
efu @
▪ s+u|]; -b'j} ;+;bsf] ;+o'St gfd_ (Congress)
labfx¿ (Holidays) ▪ /fi6«klt lbj;
(Presidents’ Day)
▪ b]z÷/fi6«
▪ ;+:d/0f lbj;
▪ xfd|f] b]zsf /fi6«lktf
▪ em08f lbj;
▪ ;/sf/
▪ :jtGqtf lbj;
▪ /fi6«klt
▪ >lds lbj;
▪ clwsf/
▪ sf]nDa; lbj;
▪ l;g]6 -dflyNnf] ;bg_
▪ Yofª\s;\luleË
(country)
(Father of Our Country) (government) (President) (right)
sf ;b:o, l;g]6/x? (Senators)
▪ /fHo÷/fHox¿ (state/states)
(Memorial Day) (Flag Day)
(Independence Day) (Labor Day)
(Columbus Day) (Thanksgiving)
k|Zgjfrs zAbx¿ (Question Words)
▪ XjfO6 xfp;
(White House)
(American flag)
▪ s;/L
(How)
▪ s]
cd]l/sfsf] em08f
⋲jfO6 xfp;
(American flag)
▪ clwsf/ ljlgodx¿
(White House)
▪ /fhwfgL
7fpFx¿ (Places) ▪ cd]l/sf
▪ gful/s
▪ ;+o'Qm /fHo
▪ zx/÷gu/
▪ o'=P;=
(Bill of Rights) (capital) (citizen) (city)
(What)
▪ slxn]
(When)
▪ sxfF
(Where)
(America)
▪ sf]
(United States)
▪ lsg
(U.S.)
(Who) (Why)
qmdzM
$ @)!% cS6f]a/, jif{ ^ c+s &^
lrlsT;sLo zAbx¿
k'?if k|hgg k|0ffnL
ljleGg k|0ffnLdWo] k'?if k|hgg k|0ffnL (Male Re-
productive System) cGtu{t c08sf]ifx? (testes) x'G5g\,
hf] c08f cfsf/sf u|GyL x'G5g\ . oL u|GyLx? lnª\u (Penis) eGbf tn em'l08Psf x'G5g\ . k'?if sl/a !# jif{sf] ePkl5 z'qmsL6÷z'qmf0f' (sperm) agfpg yfN5g\ / oL z'qmsL6x? Olkl88fOld; (epididymis) df e08f/0f eP/ a:5g\ . z'qmsL6x? k'?if u|GyL (protaste gland) n] agfPsf Ps k|sf/sf] t/n kbfy{df ldl;P/ d"qdfu{ (urethra) x'Fb} lnª\uaf6 em5{g\ .
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 44 c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 rjfnL;f}+ ;"rL -efu $$_ • company :
• competition :
• completely :
gfd– ;d'Tyfg, ;+:yfg, u"6, u'Nd, k|lti7fg, bn, ;+ult, ;+ut, ;dfh, sDk", sDkgL, sf]7L, d08nL, s;}sf] ;fy kfpg] jf lbg] sfd .
gfd– k|lt:kwf{, k|ltof]lutf, d'sfanf, :kwf{, k|ltålGåtf, xf]8afhL .
ljz]if0f– lgd6\ofGg}, l;lgQ, k"0f{tof, -la;{g'_ e';'Ss, r'n{'Dd, cfBf]kfGt, z'?b]lv cflv/;Dd, k"/fk"/, lans'n, hDd} .
• compare :
• competitive :
ljz]if0f– k|ltof]lutfTds, k|lt:kwf{Tds, k|ltålGåtfTds, k|ltof]lutfd'ns .
• complex :
gfd– t'ngf, ;dfgtf, bfFhf], bFhfO, ldnfg, pkdf .
lqmof– ph'/ ug{', lkm/fb ug{', ugyg ug'{, u'gf;f] ug'{, c;Gt'li6 k|s6 ug'{, kl/j]bgf k|s6 ug'{, c;Gtf]if JoSt ug'{, ugug ug'{ .
• compass :
• complaint :
gfd– kl/lw, lbS;"rs, sDkf;, 3]/f, ;Ldf, xb, If]q . ljz]if0f– aflËPsf], afËf], j[Q, cw{j[Q, aqm .
gfd– ph'/L, lkm/fb, ugyg, u'gf;f], c;Gt'li6, kl/j]bgf, c;Gtf]if, l;sfot, gflnz, ladf/L .
gfd– >[+vnf, ;+s'n, Ps} :jfldTj, jf Ps} p2]Zoåf/f :yflkt cg]s pBf]pwGwf, lzIf0f ;+:yf, lj>fd dgf]/~hg ;fwg, OToflb /x]sf ejgx?sf] ;d"x, u'hd'Hh . ljz]if0f– hl6n, ;+sL0f{, ljifd, ;+o'Qm, ldl>t, /rgf, ljifd l:ylt, ;d"x, b'?x, ;+ldl>t, k]lrnf], 5'6\ofpg ufx|f] kg]{, b'1]{o, of}lus .
• compete :
• complete :
• complicate :
lqmof– :kwf{ ug{', n8\g', 6]s ug{', l6/L{ ug{', l6l/{g', 6Ss/ lng', k|ltof]lutf ug{', hf]/L vf]Hg', hf]8tf]8 ug{', xfgyfk ug'{, t5f8d5f8 ug{', k|lt:kwf{ ug'{, k|ltof]lutfdf efu lng', d'sfanf ug'{.
lqmof– k"/f ug'{, k"0f{ ug'{, ;DkGg ug'{, ;dfKt ug'{, vQd ug'{ . ljz]if0f– ;Dk"0f{, k"/f, ;a}, cfBf]kfGt, k"/fk"/, k"0f{, clvn, ;jf{ËL0f, lans'n, vQd, ;d'Rrf, hDd}, ;DkGg .
lqmof– hl6n kfg{', ;+sL0f{ agfpg', sl7g agfpg', ufx|f] agfpg', b'?x kfg'{ .
gfd– t'ngf . lqmof– tf}ng', e]§fpg', t'ngf ug{', bfFHg', t'No x'g', ;dfgtf b]vfpg' . • comparison :
• complain :
• complicated :
ljz]if0f– ?dlnPsf], ufx|f], hl6n, c;lhnf], sl7g, cJojl:yt . qmdzM
la6 dfbf{dfb}{ () xhf/tkm{ cd]l/sfdf k'g:yf{lkt e"6fgLsf] ;+Vof *$ xhf/ s6\of] . g]kfnsf lzlj/ kftln+b} uPkl5 cd]l/sf lelqg]sf] ;+Vof jif]{lg sd x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . ut cfly{s jif{sf] t'ngfdf ;g\ @)!$÷)!% df @ xhf/ # ;o %( hgf sd k'g:yf{lkt x'g'eof] . ;g\ @)!@ ;Dd a9\b} uPsf] k'g:yf{lktsf] ;+Vof To;kl5 36\b} uPsf] 5 . d"n ;'Sb} uPkl5 s'jfdf kfgL sxfF b]lvG5 / < cfly{s jif{ @)!$÷)!% ;lsFbf *$ xhf/ % ;o $& k'u]sf] b]Vbf / k'g:yf{kgfsf] ult x]bf{ cfly{s @)!%÷)!^ ;lsbf cd]l/sfdf () xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf k'g:yf{lkt x'g] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 . casf] csf]{ 7"nf] ;+Vof …xfdL () xhf/Ú x'g]5 Û wGojfb
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada Bhutanese Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut Street, Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com