Planning disaster area:
Building a disaster resilient community
“In present days, it is hard to call disaster natural anymore. Climate change, ecological degradation, poverty, poorly designed infrastructure, war-frequently, all of these combine to make what once were serious disaster into catastrophes.� ( Alex Steffan et al, 2010 )
sustainable development ?
how about disaster ?
In past 10 years; Indonesia, Japan, China, and New Zealand top a new ranking of countries at “extreme risk� of experiencing earthquake >7,0 magnitude.
Indonesia experienced 52 earthquakes >7.0 magnitude since year 2001 6 Dec 2004 - more than 230 million people are dead and more than 45 million people missing in Northern Sumatera 27 May 2006 - 5,782 deaths, 36,299 people were injured, and an estimated 1.5 million left homeless in Central Java
MITIGATION & RISK REDUCTION RECOVERY
PREVENTION
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
PREPAREDNESS
Save and rescue Emergency shelter provision Food and clean water supply Medical assistance Subsidies on recovery housing Enterprises rehabilitation
DISASTER
MITIGATION & RISK REDUCTION RECOVERY
PREVENTION
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
PREPAREDNESS
DISASTER
Planning control dispensation Training and education Economic assistance (grants and preferential loans) Subsidies on safety equipment, safer building materials Provision of facilities: safer buildings, refugee points, storage Public information dissemination and awareness raising Promotion of voluntary insurance Creation of community organization
FLOOD
DEATHS NO CLEAN WATER
INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT PANIC
FIRE HAZARD
NO VEHICLE ACCESS
ECONOMIC DEPRESSION
NO TELEPHONE
INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE
TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENT
EARTHQUAKE STRUCTURE COLLAPSE CONFUSE
NO MONEY
ECONOMIC DAMAGE
NO INTERNET
NO ELECTRICITY
LANDSLIDE
NO FOOD
NO COMMUNICATION NETWORK
INJURY
can my home industry recover? how much will the material cost our family? how to build an earthquake resistant house? can we live like usual? where will my cattle stay? when can we come back to our house? how long are we going to stay in the shelter? how do we continue our live after this? what happen to my home industry craft? what happen to my cattle? what should we do to house's remains? can we live like before? who will feed us? where am I going to stay?
victim’s perspective..
MITIGATION & RISK REDUCTION
RECOVERY
PREVENTION
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
PREPAREDNESS
DISASTER
panic - confuse - shock will it come again? how do we survive without home? where are my familiy members? am I going to die? survive! stay alive!
nail everything to the wall I definitely know nothing! maybe the government is working on it! I know something from the radio WHAT HAPPEN IF EARTHQUAKE HIT AGAIN? -RUN AND WAIT FOR HELP TO COME SAVE US
“There could not be a more brutal wake-up call, but the chance of building an improved city, constructed upon the ruins of one that was not built to withstand past-disaster, and also (perhaps) not constructed to enhance the daily lives of its own residents.� The Independent, 2010
building disaster resilient community
re.sil.ient [ri-zil-yuhnt] (adj.) springing back; rebounding. returning to the original form or position after being bent, compressed, or stretched. recovering readily from illness, depression, adversity, or the like; buoyant.
activate top down and bottom up strategy
Save and rescue Emergency shelter provision Food and clean water supply Medical assistance Subsidies on recovery housing Enterprises rehabilitation Planning control dispensation Training and education Economic assistance (grants and preferential loans) Subsidies on safety equipment, safer building materials Privision of facilities: safer buildings, refugee points, storage Public information dissemination and awareness raising Promotion of voluntary insurance Creation of community organisation
disaster culture
+
sustainable everyday
=
disaster resilient community
THINK BEFORE DOING PROMOTE VARIETY USE WHAT ALREADY EXIST GIVE SPACE TO NATURE RE-NATURALIZE FOOD BRING PEOPLE AND THINGS TOGETHER SHARE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT EMPOWER PEOPLE DEVELOP NETWORKS USE THE SUN, WIND AND BIOMASS PRODUCE ZERO WASTE
problem 1.
most of death on disaster caused by building collapse minimize live-loss in disaster occurance
FAST EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND FAST ACCESS TO SAFETY save and rescue emergency shelter provision planning control dispensation
problem 2.
most of disaster victims don’t want to leave their land after disaster / want to go back to their land as soon as possible
on site reconstruction process for each family or individual (no relocation to emergency shelter)
PRIVATE SHELTER LOCATED INSIDE THEIR OWN LAND LOT save and rescue emergency shelter provision planning control dispensation
problem 3.
uneven help and aid distribution from government to the victims provision on subdistrict refugee points
PROVIDING A PUBLIC (SHARED) FACILITY TO ACCOMODATE PUBLIC NEEDS Food and clean water supply Medical assistance Enterprises rehabilitation Training and education Economic assistance Subsidies on safety equipment, safer building materials refugee points, storage Public information dissemination and awareness raising Promotion of voluntary insurance Creation of community organisation
problem 4.
minimum awareness and training to community in order to survive disaster active mitigation strategy. community based mitigation
BUILDING A DISASTER CULTURE Public information dissemination Creation of community organisation
fast access to safety fast emergency response
disaster culture
household shelter
refugee point
extended home basic need
disaster resilient community
memorial point
disaster information centre life supporting facility provider
+ community shared facilities
object clinic & wardrobe service workshop
sustainable everyday
village community centre
shared office
aid centre
food & water supply
health care service
shared facilities
disaster memory and awareness
reuse-reducerecycle
knowledge and tool share
library education fresh market 30 % fund for disaster recovery is for building HSS in every single family house 70 % is for building VCC in every subdistrict.
gallery & craft market kitchen club
tourism attraction
community interaction
TOP DOWN STRATEGY
BOTTOM UP STRATEGY
HHS
HOUSEHOLD SHELTER
HEAT
RAIN
SOUND
COLD
ANIMALS
WIND Basic human needs of shelter
Basic shelter mass
Basic traditional/vernacular structure
cattle
storage
kitchen
living room
disaster event
relief
kitchen
bedroom
bedroom
dining room
living room
recovery
PRIVATE SHELTER FOR SINGLE FAMILY
LIVE CLOSE TO NORMALCY INDEPENDENT RECONSTRUCTION OF SETTLEMENT
INTEGRATED EMERGENCY WARNING SYSTEM ADJACENT TO EVERYDAY HOME ACTIVITIES
MULTIFUNCTION ROOM
HOUSEHOLD SHELTER SAFETY CARD PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES OUTSIDE 10 seconds
max. 10 meters
HHS 10 seconds 10 seconds
1 2 3 4 5 6
identify potential hazards in your home and began to secure the contents of our buildings to reduce the risk to our lives prepare disaster supplies kit in your household shelter.
VCC
follow the emergency instruction in the community disaster preparedness plan. protect yourself during earthquake shaking. run to open space area or your household shelter. check for injuries and damages after earthquake.
report to your nearest VCC and get assistance.
you are here
Situation before disaster
Situation after disaster, in worst case scenario
Situation after recovery
VCC
VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTRE
HHS
HHS
HHS
HHS
HHS
HHS
community meeting point
laundry
food trading
industry trading point
information centre
library
entertainment centre
shower
network
recycle centre & waste management
communication centre
aid & medical assistance
school
government media
NGOs
hospital
community & inhabitants
SAR
CRAFT INDUSTRY WORKSHOP
agriculture 25.56% FRESH MARKET
trading 21.16%
craft industry 18.95% services 16.89%
construction
KITCHEN CLUB
8.88%
communication & transportation
4.64%
others
3.93%
FRESH FOOD
LIBRARY & OFFICE
CRAFT TRADING/ GALLERY
EDUCATION WORKSHOP
MEMORIAL ELEMENTS
VCC WILL CREATE VALUE FOR COMMUNITY AND LANDSCAPE WITHIN THE AREA.
FRESH FOOD MARKET
KITCHEN CLUB
post-disaster event everyday activities
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
experimenting new recipe food by doing it together food comes from cultivation by farmers or community one stop cooking and trading for community and tourism cooking tools and space sharing activities encourage co-operation developing communication and information waste management procedure
CREATIVE WORKSHOP
MULTIPURPOSE ROOM
post-disaster event everyday activities
1 2 3 4 5 6
experimentation with craft by knowledge sharing one stop trading and workshop equipment sharing strengthening personal capacity meeting and interaction with people and tourist recycle - extending product life
MULTIPURPOSE ROOM FOR EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES
MULTIPURPOSE ROOM IN EMERGENCY SITUATION
LIFE SUPPORTING FACILITY FOR COMMUNITY A MEMORY TO KEEP
WORK TOGETHER WITH OTHER PEOPLE
emergency warning information
i
recovery fund healthcare assistance & aid
HHS
i
emergency electricity supply emergency water supply
HHS
HHS
HHS
1
3 15 MIN
2
25 MIN
4
15 MIN
15 MIN
15 MIN
Design activities that leads to sustainability is not one-sided, unitary project based on a single way of seing things. Instead, it is a complex social learning process, a vast intertwining of initiatives in which we proceed to partial success, errors, unforseen effects, learning by experience. ( Ezio Manzini, 2003 )