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October University For Modern Science And Arts Faculty Of Engineering Architecture Department Graduation Project II ASE 544 – Spring 2021 Group – E13
Supervisors Prof. Omar Fawzy Prof. Sameh El-Feki Dr. Tarek Abdelsalam Dr. Lamyaa Shehata
Teachers’ Assistants Arch. Nariman Nashaat Arch. Omar Mostafa Arch. Taher Abdel-Ghany
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Author: Nour Mahmoud El-Koussy
Abstract :This
project will discuss autonomy by elucidating it’s definition, history , and pioneer’s theories; thereby, generating an autonomous approach designed to break physical and non-physical boundaries by using technology .Consequently choosing a building type that gives the sufficient freedom to explore the borders of creativity. Accordingly selecting a site that would match our selection criteria , and researching its historical background comprising all its cultural and traditional aspects. Then reviewing three sites based on their, urban, analysis ,S.W.O.T analysis, and surroundings. Conclusively designing concepts to implement the autonomous approach with regard to the building type, location and site analysis.
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Table of Content: CHAPTER 1 : Introduction 1.1.Project Theme › › ›
Definition and History of Autonomy Goals and Constraints of Autonomy Autonomous Approach
1.2 Project Location ›
Why Nubia
1.3 Project Selection ›
Arts and Crafts Development Center
1.4 Project Sites ›
Site Analysis
1.5 Project Program
CHAPTER 2 : Design Approach 2.1 Project Goals › ›
Mission Objective
2.2 Proposed Concepts: Jury 1 ›
Concept 1 , 2, 3
2.3 Concept Development: Preliminary › › ›
Concept Statement Form Generation Schematic Sketches
2.4 Project Development: Jury II ›
Full Project
2.5 Project Finalization: Jury III ›
Full Project
2.6 Project Analysis: › › › ›
Density Analysis Outdoor Circulation Analysis Solid and Void Analysis Landscape Analysis
2.7 Project 3D Shots
CHAPTER 3 : Structure Analysis 3.1 Axonometric Structure Layers › › › ›
Rammed Earth Columns Reinforced Concrete Slab P.V.C Membrane Timber Grid Shell
CHAPTER 4 : Construction Analysis 4.1 Construction Materials › ›
Rammed Earth Construction Timber Grid Shell Construction
5.2 Construction Technical Details › Rammed Earth Wall Sections › Timber Grid Shell Wall Sections
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Table of Content: CHAPTER 5 : Environmental Approach 5.1 Natural Materials › ›
Rammed Earth Timber
5.2 Environmental Building Techniques › › › › › ›
Natural Ventilation Natural Daylighting Natural Ventilation Innovation Center Natural Daylighting Innovation Center Section Detail Section Detail
CHAPTER 6 : Sustainability Approach 6.1 Environmental Sustainability › › › › › › › › › ›
L.E.E.D Certification L.E.E.D Goals L.E.E.D Categories Materials and Resources Rammed Earth Sustainability Properties Timber Sustainability Properties Energy and Atmosphere Natural Daylighting Indoor Environmental Quality Natural Ventilation Techniques
6.2 Social Sustainability ›
Target Groups Integrated Relation
6.3 Economic Sustainability › ›
Economic Rise Employment
CHAPTER 7 : Socio-cultural Approach 7.1 User Interaction › ›
Multi-functional outdoor Space Socio-cultural Exchange
CHAPTER 8 : COVID-19 Approach 8.1 COVID-19 Precautions › › › ›
Workspace Precautions Cubic Divider Exhibition Precautions Exhibition Circulation
CHAPTER 9 : Bibliography 9.1 Table of Figures 9.2 References
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Introduction
1.1 Project Theme: 1.1.1 Definition of Autonomy:
› Autonomy, a modern phenomenon, is rooted in moral, governmental , bioethical philosophy; its philosophical history that dates back to the period of the Enlightenment, a capability to act under one's own free will as an independent agent. › Autonomous art, as autonomous in virtue, is defined mainly by judgments of taste. It is not what others think, but rather, in a way, a reaction to the object, based on the subject's own feelings. › Autonomous architecture is a remaining medium for the fundamental margin regarding architecture and the impacts of capitalism and Consumptionism.
Figure 1.1 ,L’Architettura della Città , data source (Pintrest), written by (Aldo Rossi,1966).
L’Architettura della Città saw this autonomy as an assertion of architecture’s own ‘authentic laws’ – a rejection of its utilitarian legacy.(Aldo Rossi,1966) 1.1.2 History of Autonomy in Architecture: In the 1930s, it was Emil Kaufmann who first applied the philosophy of autonomy to the field of architecture.
The transformation of autonomy runs through the history of architecture, which is linked to the comprehensive changes in society
2010’s
1930’s
1800’s Autonomy started as a philosophy that emerged with the work of architect Claude-Nicolas Ledoux when discussing the limitations of architecture in comparison to arts
1990’s The works of Aldo Rossi and Peter Eisenman represented different approaches of autonomy, gradually autonomy seamed to disappear from the new generation architects
To sum up, when “autonomy” came to architecture, its meaning and interpretation changed in each ;however, its main essence which is related to “freedom” is never ignored. There are two approaches which together led to “autonomy”: architecture as an independent discipline and the freedom of architecture
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Introduction
1.1 Project Theme: 1.1.3 Principals of Autonomy: › The disciplinary responsibilities of the autonomous architecture comprise this self-awareness that resist to the capitalist pressures. › The resistance of the architect to the external forces of capitalism and commercialism brings the moral values of the profession that the architects shape the boundaries in the discipline. › It is difficult to compromise on a single definition of ‘autonomous architecture”. However; it produces knowledge within its intrinsic values of the discipline- such as techniques, and then provides a critical distance for architecture to resist any external authority by the produced theory.
Figure 1.2. Montage of Rossi (1976) La città analoga; and Serlio (1545) Scena Tragica., data source(Architecture of Analogy Notes on the Autonomy of Architectur1e), Posted by (Cameron McEwan, 2014)
Hilde Heynen argued that for an architect, ‘There is always an autonomous moment in the design process’, where functional or constructive requirements are transcended. 1.1.4 Constraints of Autonomy: › For architect to face critiques that are with guidelines in design. › To maintain autonomous designing regardless of the limiting norms. › To generate a structure that will carry out the design form that was initially thought of. › To use tools that work hand in hand with fulfilling the autonomous product.
1.1.5 Goals of Autonomy: › The goal of autonomy is to discover the architecturally significant values that can make architects become more aware of what they have as equipment. › To unfold the potentials of architecture in the design process that aims to discover the malleability boundaries of the discipline of architecture, which interrelates with many other disciplines. › To not compromise the autonomous design process ;consequently, to modify rules and guidelines to suit the project Finally, the autonomy of architecture is not limited; it is a vital instrument that constitutes its awareness in both its architectural practice and moral principles of self-consciousness.
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Introduction
1.1 Project Theme: 1.1.6 The Project’s Autonomous Approach :After observing the theories’ of the pioneers of autonomy ; the three keywords that stood out the most were:
SEGREGATION Is the separation and isolation of an entity from it’s whole or from one another
DEFIANCE
Is the act of resistance/ disobedience to an authority without hesitation.
FREEDOM
Is the ability and power to act, speak or change without constraint.
BREAKING BOUNDARIES “Creativity involves breaking out of established patterns in order to look at things in a different way.” Edward de Bono The boundaries that are made by our economy to keep us tied down, prevent us from defying the discipline made to constrict us from our freedom of thought, speech, and change.
Physical Boundaries:
Non-Physical Boundaries:
› These are the concrete boundaries defining the perimeter of a space. › The local heritage that fosters innovation will extend beyond these borders to charm international visitors. › This idealistic vision would enable stakeholders to think beyond boundaries; furthermore, explore gamechanging strategies to engage more youths in the widespread of local moral values and traditions.
› Are the abstract borders that encompass societal values and morals. › They shape the development of civilization throughout the years. › These require the flexibility of accepting contemporary ideas of the modern innovative world. › Breaking these borders would allow architects to introduce a new transformative mindset to society.
Breaking Physical Boundaries by Technology: › Technology can be used in the process of display and interactive activities via the Internet, where the barrier of customs and primitive methods is broken. › The development from a local to a global scale, would increase the connection to the rest of the world; thereby, will increasing the heritage's recognition.
Breaking Non-Physical Boundaries by Technology: › Breaking the barrier of closed customs and traditions with respect to the values and morals. › By connecting and adapting to the modern era to the societal morals and values developed throughout history ; technological innovations will preserve these traditions for future generations.
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Introduction
1.2 Project Location : 1.2.1 Why Nubia: › With the intention of creating an autonomous project that breaks boundaries and introduces innovative ideas, Nubia would be fit for this selection because of it’s ability to reshape it’s idealistic standards but simultaneously Main Heritage Elements: wouldn’t compromise it’s cultural Culture: Tourism: heritage. The residents of Al-Nubia have previously encouraged that technological approaches that introduce new innovative techniques to raise and economy have gotten a very positive feedback.
Crafts:
› Nubians: are known to have social and cooperative concepts; They established among themselves the Cooperative Society for Construction and Housing for Nubians in Greater Cairo and Aswan; With the aim of overcoming the housing problem in general and to make a positive effort, especially in solving the problem of housing Nubian expatriates in exile; Especially after the state failed to solve this problem for the past forty years and worsened, and the Nubians were no longer able to wait for another forty years. In response to the government, Nubians decided to claim their lands and settle their own rules and protocol to create the Nubian civilization › The Cooperative Society for Building and Housing submitted a memorandum to present to the Minister of Housing on 7/25/992, with its desire to construct the Nubia area in a cooperative manner. (Ancient Nubia,2012)
Figure 1.3 Nubia Crafts in Aswan, data source (pintrest )illustrated by (Authors, 2020)
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Introduction
1.2 Project Location : 1.2.2 Nubia Historical Timeline:
Prehistory (6000– 3500 BC) Figure 1.4. Prehistory era, data source (Pinterest, 2019).
Pre-Kerma (35003000 BC) Figure 1.5. Pre-Kerma era, data source (Pinterest, 2019).
Early Kerma 3000–2400 BC Kerma Egyptian Empire 1550-750 BC
Figure 1.7. Kerma Egyptian Empire era, data source (Pinterest, 2019).
Napatan Empire 750–542 BC
Meroitic 542 BC400AD Figure 1.9. Meroitic era, data source (Pinterest, 2019).
It has produced decades of extensive excavations and research.
Figure 1.6. Early-Kerma era, data source (Pinterest, 2019).
Cultural tradition around Kerma.
began
Figure 1.8. Napatan Empire era, data source (Pinterest, 2019).
Nubia was occupied and colonized by the Egyptians as far south as the area between the Third and Fourth Cataracts.
Christian Nubia Around 350 AD Figure 1.10. Christian Nubia era, data source (Pinterest, 2019).
Figure 1.11. Islamic Nubia era, data source (Pinterest, 2019).
Islamic Nubia 578 AD
Christian Nubia was characterized by both Coptic Egyptian and Byzantine Greek influences on its native African culture
Figure 1.12. Nubia Historical Time-line, data source (Osiris Tours, 2019) illustrated by (Author, 2021).
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Introduction
1.2 Project Location : 1.2.3 Nubian Architecture : › The method of designing the Nubian house and its internal divisions It is the same as the construction method That designed of temples and pharaonic homes full of secrets . › The Nubian houses depends on natural resources such as palms and plants. › Their homes are environmentally friendly and their components are from nature.
Figure 1.13. Nubian’s Floor source by (researchgate,2017)
Nubian Residential Features: › Entrance gate “bawaba “: It is 1.2 by 2.4 m, in the center of a high mud wall › 3 windows on its both sides (guest room windows ) › Mandarah is the guest room located beside › Courtyard in the middle area ventilation the adjacent spacing which also gives privacy the residents. › It has more than two bedrooms › Storage room was one of the most important element in Nubian house Nubian Skyline:
Figure 1.14. Old Nubian Houses , source by (researchgate,2017)
Figure 1.15.The Nubian Museum ,source by (wordpress ),illustrated by (Author, 2021).
Figure 1.16.House of Nubia ,illustrated by (Author, 2021).
Nubia’s skyline is very dynamic, it’s not the building number of stories that affect the skyline, but the topography. Topography in Aswan is diversity due to presence of granite mountains everywhere; therefore buildings are constructed on different levels which makes a various level skyline.
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Introduction
1.2 Project Location : 1.2.4 Socio-economic Analysis:
Educational Analysis: Unfortunately the literacy percentage in Aswan According to (msr fe youm,2018) is 17.7%. For women the percentage According to (msr fe youm,2018) is 21.9%. For men the percentage is 13.5% which seems somehow high percentage. It’s highly recommended to overcome this issue. Since their parents vale their draughts becoming wives more than knowledge , females in Nubia are not given proper education or a chance to prove their skills and talents.
Only 7.4% has finished their bachelor degree
Most of the parents decide not to send their kids to school. They think that the most useful way to earn income is to learn a craft
13.7% is illiteracy ratio Figure 1.17 .Aswan education analysis. Data source (Masr fe Youm, 2018) illustrated by (Author, 2021).
1.2.5 Composite Environmental Analysis: Vegetation Main Road El Khamsyn Wind Prevailing Wind
Due to the dry climate , using water features, windcatchers and other passive cooling systems will be the suitable sustainable solution for enhancing Figure 1.18. Climate Analysis on the Project Location . illustrated by (Author, 2021) human comfort level. The fluctuating temperature from day to high would best suit a building material with high thermal mass that would lessen heat in take in the morning and expand the amount of heat in take in the night; thereby, using less energy in cooling.
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Introduction
1.3 Project Selection : 1.3.1 Building Type: › After studying the site and reviewing urban and social studies, the project design in Nubia would take a first step in solving the issue of arts and crafts in Nubia because arts and crafts in Nubia are designed in the old traditional way and their industries and culture are limited within their country, although it is known and it is the dominant profession in their country but it is confined Within their country, it is better to break borders and spread their culture and that way is to integrate technology to connect the distance between Nubian citizens and the world. › The Cultural Center for Arts and Crafts project is an appropriate project that meets those criteria as it will be an opportunity to introduce the Nubian heritage to the world by thinking locally and acting globally
1.3.2 Project Objectives:
Figure 1.20 Nubia Crafts in Aswan, illustrated by (Author, 2021)
› Economic Approach: Improving arts and craft practices would have a significant influence on the Nubia’s economic level. The project will not only leverage the heritage of arts and crafts which generates income and many opportunities for upcoming businesses, but will also generate future demand for the inventions due to their efficiency and innovation. › Cultural Approach: Preserving Nubia’s well rooted culture and merging it with our modern innovations of this date and time , particularly through its own people by connecting them to the rest of the world and spreading their heritage. › Touristic Approach: Increasing the recognition of Nubian arts and crafts with their cultural soul ,of income factor will increase the quality of products and it`s will lead their product to be a global. Nubian will increase the economic level and lead their products to spread world wide
1.3.3 Target Groups :
Craftsmen will be the working hands and bring knowledge and experience to the project.
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Tourists will give international recognition for the innovated arts and crafts.
Youth will help bridge the gap between craftsmen and technology by developing old techniques.
Introduction
1.4 Project Site : 1.4.1 Site Selection Criteria:
Community/Residence: Surrounding residents must be flexible to the idea of a new architectural styles and must be in need of a community that fulfills their needs Landmarks: The site should be near significant buildings to attract visitors which will also help the project’s cone of vision. Views: The site should contain dynamic views of the Nile through high contour in the site , other natural elements should also be overlooking the site Accessibility: The site should be accessible from a main road to avoid being abandoned due to its risky and far away road. Reachable and closest the city. Flexibility: The site should be surrounded by vacant land so in the future if there is an expansion there would be enough space for it. Site Services: Chosen sites should be nearby services related to water supplies electricity and other services.
1.4.2 Site Locations:
Location: Nubia, Aswan
Site 1: Area: 13,250 m2
Site 2 :Area: 16,500 m2
Site 3: Area: 14,500 m2
Each site has different characteristics: Site 1 close to the center of Nubia, site 2 is located on Seheil Island known for it’s touristic attractions, and site 3 overlooks the garden park.
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Introduction
1.4 Project Site : 1.4.3 Site Analysis: Solids and Voids :
Site 1
Legend:
Site 2
Site 3
Site 1: has nearby buildings that might limit the site’s autonomous design. Site 2: has a lot of open spaces and agricultural lands, with compact neighborhoods. Site 3: has many scattered neighborhoods overlooking the site which will be an opportunity to achieve the integration between locals and project.
Solid Void
Figure.1.21 Solid & Void , Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016), illustrated by Author(2021)
Building Heights:
Site 1
Legend: 1-3 floors 3-4 floors
Site 2
Site 3
Site 1: has high buildings Infront of the site blocking clear vision to of the project. Site2: has a variety of building heights creating a dynamic skyline for the project. Site 3: has more low buildings surrounding it than high buildings.
Figure.1.22 Building Heights, Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016), illustrated by Author(2021)
Building Conditions:
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Legend:
Site 1: has majority of it’s existing buildings in a good condition due to their new construction. Site 2: has many poor condition buildings surrounding it which might not encourage users to visit the project. Moderate Site 3: has mostly moderate condition buildings that have not been Poor constructed long ago.
Good
Figure.1.23 Building conditions, Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016), illustrated by Author(2021)
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Introduction
1.4 Project Site : 1.4.3 Site Analysis: Accessibility :
Site 1
Legend: Minor Arterial
Site 2
Site 3
Site 1: has a minor road that requires a form transportation to reach the site. Site 2: has an arterial road that is near the site but not directly. Site 3: has a main arterial road directly adjacent to the site which allows easy access to and from the site.
Figure.1.24 Accessibility, Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016), illustrated by Author(2021)
Land-use :
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Legend:
Site 1: is surrounded by residential and mixed-use buildings located at the center of Nubia ,with mixed-use buildings containing crafts Residential shops. Site 2: is surrounded by historical, hotels, and residential buildings inspired by the same existing architectural style. Site 3: is Historical surrounded by residential, hotels, and mixed-use buildings that will Mixed-use attract tourist to visit the project.
Hotels
Figure.1.25 Land-use, Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016), illustrated by Author(2021)
1.4.4 Chosen Site (3) S.W.O.T Analysis: Strength: Easy access to and from the site, Sufficient services ,View is on Nile Near of two hotels. Opportunities : All kinds of transportation available ,Front row location, Canal water may help in irrigation of project’s landscape .
+76
+78 +80
Weakness: Noise from main road, Far from the center of Nubia. Threat: Different terrain heights in the site, Desert view on the north west makes Dusty winds.
Figure.1.26 S.W.O.T Analysis, Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016), illustrated by Author(2021)
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Introduction
1.5 Project Program: 1.5.1 Main Components: The four main zones of the project circulate around an innovation center for producing arts and crafts technological innovations, displaying them in an interactive digital exhibition ,presenting them in the shops for purchasing, and managing all these zones using the administration.
Administration Zone
Innovation Center
Main Development Center Zones:
Exhibitions
Shops
Major Spaces
Sub-Major Spaces
› Innovation Center Main Hall
› M.P.U
› Workspace
› Meeting Rooms
› Exhibition Halls
› Offices
› Tech Labs
› Manager Rooms
› Prototype Rooms
› Cafes
› Library
› Storage
› Shops
› Services
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Introduction
1.5 Project Program: 1.5.2 Program Analysis: Main Zones component Innovative center Zone
Administration Zone
Exhibition Zone
Shops Zone
No. user
Area
.No
Offices
6
20
2
Workspace
25
40
4
Meeting Room
15
30
2
Manager Room
1
30
3
Tech Labs
30
100
5
Main Hall
700
1
Prototype
100 20
50
2
Storage
10
200
1
Reception
100
200
Library
50
300
1 1
Services
15 %
350
-
Entrance Lounge
-
100
1
Offices Meeting Room
15
30
Manager Room MPU Services
1 300 15 %`
30 20 600 130
2 1 1 1 1
Entrance Lounge
-
150
1
Display Area storage
5
Café Services
50 15 %
300 100 200 220
6 1 1
Out door Plaza
100 12 12
600 35 50
1 8 1
30 200
1
Shops/Bazar storage Cafe Services
Total: 19
15 %
Description Gathering the visitors and guiding them to the rest of innovative center, contains computers and brainstorming areas for the new inventions
Managing and administratin g the project
Displaying the old and new inventions
-
-
7,280 m²
Advertise the products made and allow visitors to purchase them
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Design Approach
2.1 Project Goals: Mission: The autonomous approach of this project aims to document and innovate in the traditions of Nubia's heritage while also maintaining it’s integrity. In order to raise the recognition of Nubia's heritage and make it internationally relevant , it will let its users play a major participating role and allow them to be the innovators of the coming technological world. This will not only aid Nubians and their professions , but also raise Nubia’s economic status while portraying the valuable morals and principles of Nubian heritage that have never changed.
Figure 2.1 Ancient Nubia Illustration,data source(gettyimages)
Objectives : › To break outside limiting boundaries and explore the world of infinite ideas and creativity. › To give recognition for the soul beauty of the Nubian heritage to national and international audiences › To promote tourism and the exchange of cultures and traditions globally. › To aid Nubians in their everyday lives by inventing easy economic technological solutions.
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Design Approach
2.2 Proposed Concepts : Jury I Pathway to Enlightenment :
Concept Statement: The innovation center will be the destination of the progressively lit pathway , making the innovation center portray all creative inventions made by the project . This will also make the users flow in the exhibition in a continuously luminated manor that takes them on a journey to enlightenment. Form Generation:
Sketches:
Technical Studies:
Inspirations:
Schematic Section:
Conceptual 3D Form:
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Design Approach
2.2 Proposed Concepts : Jury I The Shattered Order:
Concept Statement: Since the autonomous approach is to break boundaries, the zone that would display the innovations will be the zone with the shattered pieces. The form of the building will implement that all the core and principles of these inventions come from one place but then divide into more than one. .Form Generation: Sketches:
Technical Studies:
Inspirations:
Schematic Section:
Conceptual 3D Form:
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Design Approach
2.2 Proposed Concepts : Jury I Through the Lens of Tomorrow:
Concept Statement: A portal that transforms the movement from the current conditions to the future. After passing through this portal the technological innovations will be revealed , by utilizing digital displays inside the exhibition and interacting with international views to portray the rich culture of Nubians. .Form Generation: Sketches:
Technical Studies:
Inspirations:
Schematic Section:
Conceptual 3D Form:
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Design Approach
2.3 Concept Development : Preliminary 2.3.1 Full Concept Statement: The autonomous approach implementation begins by designing a hub that transforms the user from the current conditions to the future. The central hub will act as a portal that will carry the users through a journey of time. After passing through this portal the technological innovations will be revealed in the form of a local Nubian marketplace , mimicking the interactions between all it’s participants. By utilizing the digital displays ,interactive areas inside and outside the exhibition , international visitors will be taught the cultural heritage in it’s complete authenticity.
2.3.2 Form Generation: Step 1: Placing the portal zone at the highest point of contour , and the remaining zones adjacent to it; thereby , portraying its significance and making it a crucial circulation node. Step 2: Widening of the portal towards the Nile view maximizing and framing the view of Seheil island. Orienting the exhibition to the north to use artificial lighting . Step 3: Designing the exhibition zone and the innovation center zone inspired from Nubian architecture , utilizing the court to ventilate the interior spaces .Shops zone will be at the destination of the main path where there is the main hub.
2.3.3 Schematic Drawings: Schematic Elevation:
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Schematic Section:
Design Approach
2.3 Concept Development : Preliminary Preliminary Plan Development: The zoning of the plan begins by creating the widening portal on the highest level of contour (80+) ; consequently, users gradually walk through it to a lower contour level (78+) to meet the entrances of both the innovation center and the exhibition buildings. Finally, at the destination on the lowest of all contour levels (76+) the users are in the marketplace zone with each booth circulating around the main tribute innovation piece. The main tribute piece will be awarded monthly to the innovation with the highest rating, placed at the center of the market place displaying it’s significance.
Preliminary Ground Floor Plan :
The main design goal is for the masses altogether to act as a windcatcher by collecting wind in the courtyards dispersing it into the adjacent spaces, mimicking Nubian architecture and it’s passive ventilating technique.
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Design Approach
2.4 Project Development: Jury II Masterplan:
First Floor Plan :
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Second Floor Plan:
Design Approach
2.4 Project Development: Jury II layout:
Nile Elevations:
Section:
Sectional Elevation:
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Design Approach
2.5 Project Development: Pre-final Schematic 3D Shots: Main Entrance View:
Lens Cone of Vision:
Aerial View:
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Design Approach
2.6 Project Finalization: Jury III Masterplan:
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Design Approach
2.6 Project Finalization: Jury III First Floor Plan:
Second Floor Plan:
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Design Approach
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Nile Elevations:
Main Elevations:
2.6 Project Finalization: Jury III
Design Approach
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Section
Sectional Elevations:
2.6 Project Finalization: Jury III
Design Approach
2.6 Project Finalization: Jury III Layout:
How the Project affected and Was Effected by the Context: The project’s primary purpose was to encourage and revive the local arts and crafts that created the rise of the Nubian culture, in doing so the project was majorly affected by the surrounding architectural style, the local building materials used and different topography levels reflected in the buildings’ skyline. The project effected the context by reviving west Seheil which encouraged more buildings to be constructed. This project also motivated the government to focus more on maintaining the surrounding historical buildings and reopening them for local and international visitors; consequently, gaining recognition.
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Design Approach
2.7 Project Analysis: Zoning Analysis: Ground Floor: The 3 main zones of the project are accessible from the ground floor. All the zones are public except for the administrative zone. Zones: Innovation: Exhibition: Administration: Entrance Main hall Workspace Tech-Labs Display Area Services
Ticket Booth Display Area Café Storage Services
Foyer M.P.U Manager Room Meeting Room Services
First Floor: The innovation center zone in the first floor is semi-public, it’s where projects presented and discussed in prototype rooms to be finalized and placed on the market. Zones: Innovation:
Exhibition:
Workspaces Tech-Labs Prototype Offices Meeting Services
Display Area Outdoor Area Offices Storage Services
Second Floor: The innovation center zone in the second floor is private, it’s designed to be a quite area where research one future and previous innovations is done. Zones: Innovation: Library Lounge Tech-Labs Display Area Storage Services
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Design Approach
2.7 Project Analysis: Structure Analysis:
1 2 3 4 5
Timber Grid Shell P.V.C Membrane Concrete Slab Rammed Earth Walls Rammed Earth Columns
Circulation Analysis: Second Floor:
First Floor:
Legend: Handicapped Facilities Vertical Circulation Horizontal Circulation Emergency Fire Exits
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Ground Floor:
Design Approach
2.7 Project Analysis: Outdoor Circulation Analysis:
Density Analysis:
Legend: Outdoor Path
Legend: Density Level:
Vehicle Path
Primary Path Secondary Path Tertiary Path
Solid and Void Analysis:
Landscape Analysis:
Legend: Built in Structure
Legend: Green Area
Elevated Structure
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Water Feature
Outdoor Shading
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Design Approach
2.8 Project 3D Shots Lens Cone of Vision:
Main Entrance View :
Innovation Center Interior :
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Design Approach
2.8 Project 3D Shots Outdoor Shops:
Nile Entrance View:
Innovation Center Interior :
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Structure Analysis
3.1 Axonometric Structure Layers:
Structure systems used: The column and slab system is used throughout the whole building( 7-10 m). Due to the M.P.U’s large column free space ,the system is changed to frames. The structure used in the portal is made of a timber grid shell system.
3.1.1 Timber Grid Shell: The shell is made of two fluidly connected gridwork domes that develop organically from the ground plan. The grid shell that spans up to 45 meters, made of a double mesh of wooden laths with a 5 x 5centimetre cross-section. This shell is braced with stiff bolt connections as well as a cable net arranged diagonally , providing in-plane shear strength and stiffness. 3.1.2 P.V.C Membrane: The P.V.C panels are optimized with regard to light transmission, solar gain .They are placed according to their particular position in the envelope and orientation to the sun. The degree of transparency gradually changes along the north-south axis of the building, varying from highly transparent on the north facing areas to completely opaque on the south side. 3.1.3 Concrete Slab: The 2 way reinforced concrete slabs increases the strength and permit flat roof slabs instead of the typical vault or dome made from rammed earth. These slabs help transmit the load gradually to the rammed earth walls then to the footing of the project . 3.1.4 Rammed Earth Walls and Columns: The moist earth coats this skeleton, filled between two casing sheets and then rammed and compacted together as to create a solid wall coating. This internal, skeletal reinforcement allows for less movement within the walls.
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Construction Analysis
4.1 Construction Material: 4.1.1 Rammed Earth : Rammed earth is a building technique that uses a mixture of earth, sand, gravel, clay and a stabilizer such as cement, to form solid walls by compacting the mixture in a temporary formwork.
Method of Construction:
Figure.4.1 Rammed Earth Layers, Data source (Pinterest), illustrated by Author(2021)
The form-work that is required to pour the moist earth between, contains the vertical steel reinforcement that would have horizontal elements then tied to them before the next form-work and pouring is to commence. These are the steel bars that stretch high , which map the height of the structure that would be applied to this skeletal frame.
4.1.2 Timber Grid Shell : Timber enables free form architecture due to its organic form With a system of long continuous timber lathes. The shape is obtained by bending a flat mat of timber laths.
Method of Construction:
Figure.4.1 Manneiheim multihalle , Data source (Pinterest), illustrated by Author(2021)
The typical means of constructing timber grid shells, is to initially lay out the lattice as a flat mat of identical components and then push it (upwards or downwards) into shape. The development of a doubly curved grid shell from a flat, square or rectangular grid is possible due to the low torsional stiffness of timber.
Figure.4.1 Grid Shell Erection, Data source (University of Melbourne ), illustrated by Author(2021)
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Construction Analysis
4.2 Construction Technical Details: 4.2.1 Rammed Earth Wall Section : The wall section helps in showing the steel reinforcement mesh that is placed inside the rammed earth wall .The insulation is placed between 2 rammed earth walls of 15cm , and the insulation itself is also 15cm . A Connection Detail : Connection A:
Connection B:
B
4.2.2 Wall Section Location:
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Construction Analysis
4.2 Construction Technical Details: 4.2.3 Timber Grid Shell :
The wall section helps show the interlocking of the timber lathes to one another and the connection joint that holds them. The Connection itself is carried by the reinforced wall since the timber grid shell is very light weight the rammed earth wall will not buckle. B Connection Detail : Connection A:
Connection B:
4.2.4 Wall Section Location:
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A
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Environmental Approach
5.1 Natural Materials: 5.1.1 Rammed Earth: The materials used to create rammed earth walls are nontoxic, locally sourced, locally produced; they’re the least environmentally detrimental construction material available today for solid masonry. It is extremely malleable and offers a better insulation than steel and concrete structures. It decentralizes the construction process as it utilizes local materials and construction technology. Mud as an insulation material prevents external heat from entering inside the building while maintaining a cool environment inside.
Figure.5.1 Rammed Earth Sketches, Data source (esdrammedearth), Written by (by Daniel Cosoleto,2015)
5.1.2 Timber Grid Shell : Since the grid shell in the project will just be carrying it’s own weight and does not require to structurally carry any other load, the timber shell system is the most fitting which also brings a natural element to the project instead of the usual steel shell structure.
Figure.5.2 Tectonic Design Of Elastic Timber Gridshells ,Data Source (Worl Conference on Timber Engineering), Written by (by Daniel Cosoleto,2014)
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Environmental Approach
5.2 Environmental Building Techniques:
5.2.1 Natural Lighting : This form is characterized by it’s ability to shade on the rest of the buildings due to the staggered effect of the masses on top of each other the highest mass is oriented towards the south .Each larger mass shades on the lower one adjacent to it.
5.2.2 Natural Ventilation: The Entire building’s form is composed of gradually acceding masses that act all together as a huge wind catcher .It also contains a hierarchy of court yards that are used to ventilate the buildings that are on a low contour level. This mechanism enables the project to use less energy and depend on natural ventilation .
Prevailing wind direction from the northwest enters the exhibition zone courtyard ,ventilating the spaces surrounding it.
5.2.3 Elevation:
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Evaporative cooling in the main hub from the centralized water fountain
Prevailing wind direction from the northwest enters the innovation center zone courtyard ,ventilating the spaces surrounding it.
Environmental Approach
5.2 Environmental Building Techniques: 5.2.4 Natural Lighting Innovation Center :In the innovation center a slanted roof skylight that is made of a strip of transparent photo voltaic panels and a strip shallow vaults. The transparent solar panels are south facing making them gain maximum sunlight; thereby, using less energy to illuminate the spaces. Transparent Solar Panels
5.2.5 Natural Ventilation Innovation Center : In the innovation center the Prevailing winds enters the space from the louvers oriented west, and when the weather is warmer the transparent solar panels can be opened to create a stack effect that leads the hot air outside of the space from the photo voltaic panels in the building. This ventilating system keeps the innovation center at a comfortable temperature level for it’s users to be able to spend more time inside.
North-West Oriented Louvers
5.2.6 Section:
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Sustainability Approach
6.1 Environmental Sustainability : With our society’s increasing concern for the environment and its conservation, it’s no surprise that green building approaches continue to grow significantly. Working with LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), an internationally recognized green building certification system, produces a green project built using guidelines which encourages designers to create strategies aimed at improving performance across all the metrics that matter most : › Profitable, cost-effective and good for the economy › Prioritizing people's health and well-being › An environmental solution From residential structures to commercial facilities, it’s our job as architects to discover new ways to preserve our ecosystem while producing innovative projects. Utilizing sustainable design, construction and operations, reduces carbon emissions, energy and waste; conserves water; prioritizes safer materials; and lowers the exposure to toxins.
6.1.1 LEED Certification Credit Categories:
Sustainable Sites
Water Indoor Materials Efficiency Environmental and Quality Resources
Energy and Atmosphere
Innovation and Design
1. Location and transportation : You should take into consideration the location of your project and how it can be combined with the transportation option within the area, in other words how the users of the facility can get in and out of the facility. 2. Materials and Resources: Earn credits by using sustainable and earth-friendly products, while reducing waste promoting better indoor air quality. 3. Water efficiency: The building must be designed in such a way that potable water usage is reduced or resources can be reused, minimizing the needs of water inside the building. 4. Energy and atmosphere: The building must enhance energy performance and promote great indoor air and environmental quality. 5. Sustainable sites: Design the project in such a way that the natural resources and ecosystems nearby can naturally take part of the design minimizing environmental pollution. 6. Indoor environmental quality: Increase daylight usage and promote natural ventilation. 7. Innovation : Any idea that is not covered under the five LEED main areas. 8. Regional priority credits :Addressing any particular concern based on the regional or geographical location.
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Sustainability Approach
6.1 Environmental Sustainability : 6.1.2 Materials and Recourses: Rammed earth walls carry a low embodied energy .Rammed earth houses are custom designed to make the most energyefficient use of the site. They can be successfully designed for many climate regions, including humid areas with cold winters. The timber grid shell ,although not abundantly found in Egypt , is the optimum building material for the construction of a grid shell in Nubia for its natural aesthetic and it’s lightness when attaching to any part of the building.
6.1.3 Energy and Atmosphere: The proper design of courtyards and atriums is key in providing sufficient daylight inside buildings as well as major energy savings in electric lighting. In such a climate, the project reduces window area and utilizes shading devices in addition to the shaded daylighting elements such as courtyards.
6.1.4 Indoor Environmental Quality: Natural ventilation is a passive system that the performance would rely on the characteristics of the building openings. Natural ventilation can improve the indoor environment and save energy, therefore can be considered as an important strategy for green buildings. The buildings in the project are designed to achieve cross ventilation through courtyards, wind catchers, etc. The project’s courtyards showed that during the night times the it becomes a heat sink and by natural convective cooling this courtyard allows the hot air to be moved up and thereby acts as an excellent thermal regulator and creates a comfortable living environment.
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Sustainability Approach
6.2 Social Sustainability : The project’s implementation will introduce mass-production and exhibition of local arts and crafts which will not only include locals and help them find jobs, but will also generate a high income that attracts international visitors. In the exhibition zone all types of visitors : tourists ,local craftsmen and aspiring youth will interact together; exchanging their knowledge and culture ;consequently learning about Nubian heritage interactively.
Figure.6.1 Arts Exhibition , Data source (Pinterest), Illustrated by (Author,2021)
6.3 Economic Sustainability : › One of the project’s main goals ,to help solve the existing problems in Nubia that include unemployment, lack of proper education and hazardous sanitation ,is by raising the economic status of Nubia. Once Nubia’s economic status is on the rise ,it will begin to increase Nubia’s recognition and motivate visitors from all around the globe to invest in it’s this uprising historical city. › The project itself opts for cost effective and energy saving techniques based on local architectural design. The use of courtyards, windcatchers, and more passive systems in the project will actually encourage investors to fund the it’s construction for the high profit that will bounce back in return.
Unemployment
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Socio-cultural Approach
7.1 User Interaction: 7.1.1 Multi-Function Outdoor Space: The main gathering zone in the project will act as a multi functional outdoor space. It’s flexibility is inspired by the local Nubian urban spaces that are characterized by their wide range of activities. Outdoor Marketplace: This will be the main activity in this area since it will feature the shopping booths that will display the arts and crafts innovations for purchasing to the visitors of the project. Performance Area: This activity will portray Nubians culture of festivities and performance. Here Nubians will celebrate their heritage and motivate other to join in , which will create a sense of belonging to all the visitors. Exhibition: This activity will give visitors a preview of the ongoing arts and crafts innovations, how they were made, what background they had and how technology came to evolve that technique to a more efficient output.
7.1.2 Socio-Cultural Exchange: This project encourages all of its users to exchange knowledge and experience. The craftsmen with help from the youth and tourists will work together to upgrade their old techniques to technology integrated techniques that provide maximum efficiency and mass produce Nubian arts and crafts. From their historical background, their local techniques and their impact; arts and crafts will be taught to tourists through a hands-on learning experience. By creating this knowledge exchanging relation between all target groups , the international aspect of the project will introduce Nubia to rest of the world increasing it’s recognition for the it's marvelous arts and crafts.
Figure.7.1 Water Front Exhibition, Data source (Pinterest), Illustrated by (Author,2021)
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Socioemplo anoth upgra provid and cr their l a hand the in to Nu
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COVID-19 Approach
8.1 COVID-19 Precautions:
Since the two main zones that the visitors will use for a long time are the workspace zone and the exhibition zone , in which they will spend hours in the same space with a group of people.
8.1.1 Workspaces : The COVID-19 cubicle will allow the visitors to work together and will be constructed from glass panels that will not block their vision and will also be placed in an open roof area that will allow natural ventilation to clear the air.
Throughout the circulation of the exhibition visitors will walk in a one-way circulation that will decrease the contamination and spread of the disease. Visitors will always maintain the safe distance of 6 feet and each display will be timed to stop and start with each new visitor .
8.1.2
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Exhibition
:
z
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Bibliography and References
9.1 Bibliography: Table of Figures: Figure 1.1: L’Architettura della Città , data source (Pintrest), written by (Aldo Rossi,1966). Figure 1.2: Montage of Rossi (1976) La città analoga; and Serlio (1545) Scena Tragica, data source(Architecture of Analogy Notes on the Autonomy of Architectur1e),Posted by (Cameron McEwan, 2014) Figure 2.3 : Nubia Crafts in Aswan, data source (pintrest )illustrated by (Authors, 2020) Figure 2.4: Nubia Historical Time-line, data source (Osiris Tours, 2019) illustrated by (Authors, 2020). Figure2.5 :Nubian’s Floor source by (researchgate,2017) Figure 2.6: Old Nubian Houses , source by (researchgate,2017) Figure 2.7: The Nubian Museum ,source by (wordpress ),illustrated by (Authors, 2020). Figure 2.8: House of Nubia ,illustrated by (Authors, 2021 Figure 3.1 : Aswan education analysis. Data source (Masr fe Youm, 2018) illustrated by (Authors, 2020). Figure 3.2 : Climate Analysis on the Project Location . illustrated by (Authors, 2020) Figure. 3.3 : Solid & Void , Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016), illustrated by Author(2021) Figure3.4 : Solid & Void , Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016), illustrated by Author(2021) Figure3.5 : Building Heights, Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016), illustrated by Author(2021) Figure.3.6 : Building conditions, Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016), illustrated by Author(2021). Figure.3.7 : Accessibility, Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016), illustrated by Author(2021) Figure.3.8 : Land-use, Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016), illustrated by Author(2021) Figure 3.9 : Nubia Crafts in Aswan, illustrated by (Authors, 2020) Figure 3.10 Ancient Nubia Illustration,data source(gettyimages) Figure 3.11. nunbian houses , source by (pintrest ) , Illustrated by (Authors,2020)) Figure 4.1. nunbian houses , source by (pintrest ) , Illustrated by (Authors,2020) Figure 4.2.street hierarchy map, source by (Google earth,2020) , Illustrated by (Authors,2020) Figure 4.3.nunbian houses , source by (pintrest ) , Illustrated by (Authors,2020) Figure 4.4 The Nubian Museum ,source by (wordpress ),illustrated by (Authors, 2020). Figure 4.5. Nubian Women, data source (Pinterest, 2019). Figure 4.6. Ancient Nubian territory, data source (Google Earth, 2019).
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Bibliography and References
9.2 References: CHAPTER 1 : Introduction ›
› › › ›
› › ›
Cameron M.E( 2013 ) Architecture of Analogy. Notes on the Autonomy of Architecture, https://cameronmcewan.wordpress.com/2013/06/22/notes-onthe-autonomy-of-architecture/ Peter. E. (2014). The Work PeterEisenman.ArchDaily.https://www.archdaily.com /496509/from-autonomy-to-automation-the-work-of-peter-eisenman> ISSN 07198884 Hannah. L. ( 2019 ). History of the Nubian Monuments and Nubian People in Egypt (Egypt), https://www.osiristours.com/history-of-the-nubian-monumentsand-nubian-people-in-egypt/ El-Hakim, O. M. (1993). Nubian architecture: The Egyptian vernacular experience. Zamalek, Cairo: Palm Press. Obłuski, A. (2006). The formation of the Nobadian State. Social changes in Lower Nubia in Late Antiquity. Retrieved April, 2018, from http://www.academia.edu/462097/The_formation_of_the_Nobadian_State._Social _changes_in_Lower_Nubia_in_Late_Antiquity Trigger, B. G. (1976). Nubia under the pharaohs. London: Thames and Hudson Oli.A.B (2016), Nubian Vernacular architecture & contemporary Aswan buildings’ enhancement,(Alexandria ), https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016816000065#! Roqia .K . (2018), More than 18 million Egyptians are unable to read this report, https://www.almasryalyoum.com/
CHAPTER 2 : Design Approach › › › › ›
http://architectuul.com/architecture/mannheim-multihalle https://divisare.com/projects/339341-frei-otto-marco-vedana-mannheimmultihalle https://www.wilkhahn.com/blog/multihalle-2020/ https://mannheim-multihalle.de/en/architecture/ http://shells.princeton.edu/Mann1.html
CHAPTER 3 : Structural Analysis › › › › › › › ›
https://www.seekpng.com/ipng/u2e6q8o0q8t4i1w7_grid-shell-diagram/ https://brewminate.com/towns-and-houses-in-middle-and-new-kingdom-egypt/ https://wdrfree.com/stock-vector/arab-mud-house http://www.crdeepjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Vol-2-4-6IJSSAH.pdf https://www.pinterest.com/pin/754353006323958798/ https://blogs.ubc.ca/bionictimber/2014/03/01/planar-geodesicgridshell/20131118_jdm_envelope_review/ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00158-019-02445-x https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/detail/wilkinson-eyrearchitects-timber-dome-tops-a-student-hub_o
CHAPTER 3 : Construction Analysis › › ›
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https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2019/01/five-innovative-materials-thatcould-change-construction/ https://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/mud-architecture-constructiondetails-and-techniques/ https://thearchinsider.com/mud-an-eco-friendly-construction-materials/
Bibliography and References
9.2 References: CHAPTER 5 : Sustainability Approach › › › › › › › › ›
https://www.usgbc.org/leed https://www.thebalancesmb.com/understanding-the-leed-certification-basics844729 https://www.gsmarchitects.net/leed-objectives https://banyanwater.com/9-categories-of-leed-points/ https://www.gbrionline.org/what-is-leed-types-of-leed-credits-categories-acomplete-guide/ https://www.worldgbc.org/green-building-sustainable-development-goals https://issuu.com/kadk/docs/aechitecture_guide_un17_vol.2_web_single_pages https://hmcarchitects.com/news/the-top-6-sustainable-architecture-strategiesfor-public-building-design-2018-10-03/ https://www.usgbc.org/articles/whats-difference-between-leed-credit-leedprerequisite-and-leed-point
CHAPTER 6 : Environmental Analysis › › ›
› › ›
https://watermark.silverchair.com/jgb_7_2_113.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan 9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF COURTYARDS - Allen Press https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257419004_Environmental_impact_of_c ourtyardsa_review_and_comparison_of_residential_courtyard_buildings_in_different_climate s https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7367033/ https://sigearth.com/the-benefits-of-daylighting-in-your-building/ https://raktamachat.org/permaculture-thailand-asia/info/rak-tamachatpermaculture-media/rak-tamachat-natural-building-course-reference/
CHAPTER 7 : Socio-Cultural Approach ›
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earchitect.com%2Fimages%2Fjpgs%2Foxford%2Fdynastic_egypt_gallery_b090811_r .jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earchitect.com%2Foxford%2Fashmolean-museum-dynastic-egyptgallery&tbnid=pu6E5i8ACUMkM&vet=10CA0QxiAoC2oXChMI8K7hnuac8QIVAAAAAB0AAAAAEAk.. i&docid=1E3xZp6VW5XhKM&w=900&h=563&itg=1&q=nubia%20%20sketch&v ed=0CA0QxiAoC2oXChMI8K7hnuac8QIVAAAAAB0AAAAAEAk
CHAPTER 8 : COVID-19 Approach › › › › › ›
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https://www.archdaily.com/941517/5-design-guidelines-for-a-safe-post-covid-19transition https://www.archdaily.com/tag/covid-19 https://www.hse.gov.uk/coronavirus/equipment-and-machinery/air-conditioningand-ventilation/improve-natural-ventilation.htm https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ECAM-12-20201047/full/html#loginreload https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261921003421 https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19ventilation-and-air-conditioning-in-public-spaces-and-buildings
Acknowledgements : A very special thanks to all the professors ,doctors, and teacher’s assistants that helped me immensely throughout this long graduation project journey . I’d like to express my sincere gratitude to my parents who have long sought to see me accomplish such a big milestone, and for their endless support that encouraged me to become the architect I am today. It was a very challenging year for all of us, but we endured and prospered and now we are reaching the finish line. 64
