Prathamedition15 by Krishna Karki

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c¿ k|ltd[uLhGo jf k|lt 5f/] /f]u cf}ifwLx¿ c¿ k|rlnt k|ltd[uL jf k|lt 5f/] /f]uhGo cf}ifwLx¿df km]lg6f]Og cGtM lz/faf6 lbP/ kmf]:kmf]lg6f]Og ^) b]lv !@) ld=u|f= u'båf/f jf cGtM lz/f jf cGtM df+zk]zLhGo dfu{jf6 x/]s !) b]lv @) ldg]6df lbOG5 . o;f]ubf{ klg 5f/] /f]uLsf] sDkg /f]lsPg eg] cfjZostf cg';f/ cf]vtLsf] dfqf a9fpFb} cGttM sDkg lgoGq0fdf gcfP;Dd lbOG5 . o;sf] lasNksf] ¿kdf sfjf{hl] kg @)) ld=u|f= k|lt lbg tLgb]lv rf/k6s;Dd u'båf/dfu{jf6 k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . dfly pNn]lvt cf}ifwLx¿ g]kfn d]l8sn sfplG;ndf btf{ ePsf lrlsT;sn] dfq k|of]u ug{ ;Sb5g\ . c¿ :jf:Yo Joj;foLx¿n] k|of]u u/] :jf:Yo ;]jf lgodfjnL cg';f/ sf/jfxL x'G5 .

of] cf}ifwL ! b]lv % ld=u|f= 5fnfsf] afXo tx jf nuftf/ axg] cGtM lz/df t/n ¿kdf ljno x'g] u/L lbOG5 . of] c;/k"0f{ x'gsf nflu x/]s kGw| ldg]6df )=% ld=u|f= af]emsf] ¿kdf bf]xf]¥ofP/ lbOg] ul/G5 . a}slNks ¿kdf of] g} clt k|efjsf/L x'G5 . la/f]wfef;k"0f{ ¿kdf lbzf lk;fa lgoGq0fdf Iflt hLjgsf] clGtd 38Lx¿df cfP/ lbzf jf lk;fa jf s]xL lj/fdLx¿ j]Ghf]l8cfh]lkgx¿n] pQ]lht x'g k'Ub5g\ . oL lj/fdLnfO{ o:tf] pGdfb lgoGq0f ug{sf nflu b'j} ylst / lgoGq0fdf Iflt e} c;+oldt x'G5g . oL b'j} ;d:ofn] lj/fdL / kl/jf/df ;b:ox¿nfO{ Hofb} si6bfoL :hfo"nl] i6s lrlsT;sLo cf}ifwL rfxg] x'g ;Sb5 . agfpF5 . vf;u/L olb oL ;d:ofx¿sf] k"jh { fgsf/L gePdf xfnf]kl] /8n of] cf]vtL x/]s 3G6fdf )=% b]lv @ ld=u|f= cGtM of] kL8fn] cem kL8f lbG5 . olb o:tf] eO{ xfNof] eg] dn lz/f jf afXo 5fnfsf] tx d'gL jf u'båf/fdfu{af6 lbg' d'qsf] lxkmfht / 5fnfsf] pkrf/nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy k|yd kfOnf

Wofg lbg' cfjZos k5{5 . lk;fa y}nLdf Sofy]6/ (Catheter) /flv lbof] eg] a]nf–a]nfdf la5\of}gf leHg] / 3l/3l/ ;fkm ug]{ sfdaf6 yf]/} dfqfdf eP klg sd x'G5 . o;n] 5fnf v;|fpg] . ;+qmd0f ug]{ / pkrf/ k|bfossf] cfjZostfnfO{ sdL u/fpFb5 . olb lk;fa axfj yf]/} 5 / ;f]:g] nfos ;w}+ cfjZos klg x'bF g} . olb oy]i6 / cgj/t kvnf nfu]sf] 5 eg] To:t} lsl;dsf] u'båf/ gnL /flv lb+bf plQs} k|efjsf/L x'G5 .

:jf; k|:jf; ;DjGwL b[lis|of Pp6f dflg; d[To'j/0f ug{ nfu]sf] la/fdLsf] ;fF; lng] / km]g{] tf}/ t/Lsf ablnPsf] b]Vbf :gfo" ;DaGwL cy{k0" f{ ;Demf}tfn] ePsf] xf] eGg] hgfpm lbG5 . ;fF; lbg] / 5f]8\g] k|lqmof w]/} g} xNsf / af/Daf/ l68n cfotg 38]/ ePsf] x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf :jf;sf] /f]sfj6sf] cjlw r]8\g]–:6f]s; tf}/ tl/sfsf] :jf; k|Zjf;x¿sf] ljsf; x'G5 . r]8g\ –] :6f]s; tf}/ tl/sfsf] :jfF; k|Zjf; lj/fdL lgbfPsf] ;dodf :jf; k|Zjf; gePsf] elg c:tJo:tsf] rl/q lrq0f ul/ l68n cfoftg lj:tf/} a8\b} hfg] / x6\b} hfg] ljsNk ePsf] tf}/ tl/sfsf] c:tJo:ttf g} xf] . cltl/Qm :jfF; k|Zjf; df+;k]zLx¿sf] k|of]u ;':ki6 ¿kdf ePsf] g} x'G5 . o;/L ljsf; x'g] s]xL cyjf e]/} :jfF;sf em6\sf g} clGtd ;f; km]/fO g} d[To'sf] ;+s]t x'g ;Sb5 . o; cj:yfdf kl/jf/ / k]zfsdL{ pkrf/ k|bfosx¿n] :jfF; k|Zjf;sf] tf}/ tl/sf af/Daf/ ablnPsf] kfpg] 5g\ . of] g} la/fdLnfO{ ;aeGbf al9 a]bgf lbg] d[To'sf] ;lGgs6 lrXg xf] . a]xf]; la/fdLn] lg;fl;Psf] efj k|bz{g ugf{n] / cfkmGtn] Tof] cfFkm}nfO{ eP h:tf] u/L cg'ej ul/ lb+bf w]/} 8/ x'g] xf] . u}x| lhDd]jf/Lkg a9\b} uPsf] lj/fdLn] slxNo} klg :jfF; k|Zjf; lxgtf cg'ej ub}g{ g\ jf pgLx¿nfO{ lg;fl;Psf] 1fg klg x'bF g} . o:tf] la/fdLnfO{ clS;hg lbP/ af:tadf d[To'j/0f k|lqmofsf] ;do nDAofpg] dfq xf] . cf/fd rfFxL x'G5 / lbG5 klg . :jfF;k|jf;xLgkgfsf] cjjf]wg ePdf To;sf] Jo:yfkgnfO{ pko'Qm kfg{ yf]/} dfqfsf] cf]lkcf]8 x¿ cyjf j]Ghfh]l8cfhf]lkg h:tf cf}ifwLx¿ k|of]u u/]/ ub{5g\ . s]xL lrlsT;sx¿n] eg] oL cf}ifwLsf] k|of]un] nIf0fx¿ lgoGq0f ug{sf] nflu / hLjgsf] cGTodf k'us ] f dflg;sf] d[To'nfO{ xtf/ u/fpg' xf] egL cfkm\gf] ;f] ;DaGwLdf ;/f]sf/ /x]sf] k|s6 u5{g . kmn:j¿k pkrf/sf] plrt l;4 ug{sf nflu æbf]xf]/f] c;/Æ sf] k|yd kfOnf

gLlt k/s l;4fGtsf] :jf:YosdL{ lrlsT;s cg'ejnfO{ phfuf/ u/]sf] / cfkmGtsf] k|of;n] cg'ej ub{5g\ . bf]xf]/f] si6 lgjf/0f u/f];\ / d[To' g} x'g] eP klg c;/sf] l;4fGt o:tf d[To'nfO{ xtf/ u/f];\ . xfntx¿df nfu" ul/G5 ;xh xf];\ ;fdfGo xf];\ hxfF Pp6f sfo{sf] lgDtL dbf{sf ef]lnkN6 b'O{ lbg lglb{i6 ePsf c;/x¿df x'G5g\ . ;f]xL dflg; gf} km/s b]lvG5g\ . o;sf] lbgdf gf}nf} nfU5 / dtna si6 zdg eP/ aL; lbg k'uk] l5 ljl;{g hfg k¥of] . ;fy} p:t}sfo{ yflnG5 . clg cfkmGtsf] lbdfudf dfq ePsf ;Deflat gtLhfx¿ k"/fgf] ;'rgfsf] ¿kdf lbg] Pj+ bf]xf]/f] c;/ lbg] /xG5 . l;4fGtjf6 k|l] /t u} lglb{i7 pkfo nfu' ug'{ k¥of] / To;} u/L d[To'nfO{ xtf/ u/fpg] lgDg lnlvt cfjZostfx¿nfO{ kfng ul/ sfo{ u/]df dfq oL tYox¿ :jLsf/ ug{ of]Uo x'G5g\ . ) k|:yfljt pkrf/x¿n] lj/fdLnfO{ kmfObfhgs x'g' kb{5 jf kmfObfhgs geP klg slDtdf t6:y x'g' kb{5 . c;}Xo nIf0fx¿jf6 d'lQm kfpg' k¥of] . lj/fdLx¿nfO{ xflg k'Ug] sfd slx st}af6 x'g x'bF g} . ) lrlsT;s jf :jf:ysdL{sf] lgot s]jn c;n c;/sf gLlDt cf}ifwL / pks/0fLos/0f lglb{i6 x'g k¥of] . Tof] eg]sf] g} b'MvfO{ jf nIf0fx¿jf6 d'lQm g} xf]. o;sf] sl8 eg]sf] lj/fdL, lrlsT;s, cGo :jf:YosdL{ / la/fdL cfkmGt larsf] ljZjf;gLotf g} xf] . of] klg ;Demg' kb{5 ls clbtLo k|d] g} af:tljstf xf] . ) oBlk cf}ifwL / pks/0fLs/0fsf] s]xL b'ef{Uok"0f{ c;/x¿ klxNo} g} b]Vg jf hfGg ;lsG5 ls elg xf]l;of/ x'g kb{5 jf hfGg ;lsG5 ls egL xf]l;of/ x'g' kb{5 h:t} xtfl/Psf] d[To' jf xf];kgf x/fPsf] la/fdL . ) cf}ifwL jf pks/0fLs/0fx¿sf b'ef{Uok"0f{ c;/x¿sf] dtna c;n tk{m dfq kmsf{pg] cy{ xf]Og . ) c;n kl/0ffdn] clk|o kl/0ffd eGbf dxGjk"0f{ kl/0ffd lbg] x'g' kb{5 . :jf:YosdL{ lrlsT;s / cfkmGtsf] k|of;n] si6 lgjf/0f u/f];\ / d[To' g} x'g] eP klg d[To'nfO{ xtf/ u/f];\ . ;xh xf];\ ;fdfGo xf];\ dbf{sf ef]lnkN6 b'O{ lbg x'G5g\ . ;f]xL dflg; gf} lbgdf gf}nf} nfU5 / aL; lbg 8

k'uk] l5 ljl;{g yflnG5 . clg cfkmGtsf] lbdfudf dfq k"/fgf] ;'rgfsf] ¿kdf /xG5 . ;fFul' /b} tLgk':t] ;/sf/L sfuhdf n]lvG5 . Tof] klg rf}yf] k':yfdf k'u/] ;/sf/L sfuhkqaf6 cfkm\gf] klg /utsf] gftfsf] gflna]nL ;DaGw klg x/fpF5 . h;sf] af–cfdf d/] p;sf] 5f]/f5f]/L 6'x/' f x'G5g\ . t;y{ cGTodf cfP/ d[To';uF s;}sf] klg lht x'bg} . d[To'sf] jl/kl/ 3'Dg ;a}nfO{ dg nfU5 t/ d[To'bl] v g8/fpg] dflg; Psbd yf}/} x'G5g . hj ls la/fdLn] Hofbf dfqfdf cf]lkcf]O8x¿ / n6\7ofpg] cf}ifwLx¿ d[To'sf] cem glhs k'Ubf ;Dd lnPsf] ;To xf] . o:tf] pkrf/ u/]sf] lgx'd F f cf]lkcf]O8 / n6\7ofpg] cf}ifwLsf] ;Da4n] d[To'nfO{ a[i6kft u/]sf] 36gf eg] 5}g . jf:tjdf o:tf ;j'tn] t sf]xL s;}n] eg] l7s ljkl/t ;Nnfx¿ lbPsf] efg x'G5 . of] g} Ps sfg, b'O{ sfg x'bF } d}bfgdf k'Ub5 .

lgNg] Ifdtfdf Iflt la/fdLsf] lgNg] Ifdtfdf sdhf]/Lkgf / :gfo" ;DalGw sfo{sf] 36\bf] kl/j]zn] ubf{ ;+oQ ' m ¿kdf af/Daf/ oL sfo{x¿ b'j{ntflt/ ws]lnG5g\ . em6\sf / d'b3fF6L em6\sfk"0f{ :yfg / ;kmfug]{ 7fpF 36]sf] x'G5 . ;fy} xfjfgnL–j|fl] Gscn xfFufx¿af6 ;|fax¿ hDdf e} /xG5g\ . hj lj/fdLx¿n] r]tgfkg u'dfpF5g tj o:tf cj:yfx¿ Hofb} g} ;':ki6 ¿kdf b]lvG5g\ . ¥ofn aUg] / df}lvs 3fF6L ;|fax¿ cfpg yfn] kl5 snsn, r/r/ jf v/v/ cfjfhx¿ x/]s :jfF;k|jf;df cfO{ /xg k|l/t ub{5g\ . s;} s;}n] t o;nfO{ æd[To'sf] v6v6]Æ eg]/ eGb5g\ hj lj/fdLx¿n] lgNg c;dy{ hgfpF5g\ d'vjf6 v'jfpg] sfd aGb ug'{ kb{5 . kl/jf/sf ;b:o cfkmGt / k]za] / pkrf/ k|bfosx¿nfO{ v'jfPsf] vfgf ;ls{g jf gfFsjf6 cfpg] hf]lvd 5 eg]/ r]tfjgL lbg' kb{5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf :sf]kf]nfldg cyjf ;|fjx¿ pTkfbnfO{ k|efjsf/L lrlsT;s jf lrlsT;ssf] lg/LIf0fdf :jf:YosdLx¿n] dfq rnfpg] xf] .

:sf]kf]nfldg of] cf}ifwL x/]s rf/ 3G6fdf 5fnfd'lg / cGtM lz/af6 lbOg] cf}ifwL xf] . :sf]kf]nfldg x/]s rf/ 3G6fdf 5fnfd'lg )=@–)=$ ld=u|f= jf x/]s &@ 3G6fdf jl/kl/ 5fnf ;DaGwL 6fnf]sf] ¿kdf lbOG5 . cyjf x/]s 3G6fdf :sf]kf]nfldg )=!–!=) ld=u|f= cGtM lz/f jf 5fnfd'gLjf6 nuftf/ xflnG5 . k|yd kfOnf

UnLsf]lk/f]n { f6 of] cf}ifwL x/]s rf/b]lv % 3G6fdf 5fnfd'lg jf cGtM lz/faf6 lbOg] cf]vtL xf] . x/]s rf/b]lv 5 3G6fdf 5fnfd'lg )=@ ld=u|f= UnLsf]lk/f]n { f6 lbgf] cyjf b}lgs cGt lz/f jf 5fnfd'lgaf6 nuftf/ )=$–!=@ ld=u|f= z/L/lqmof hGo t/n kbfy{df xfln lbg' kb{5 . oL cf}ifwLx¿n] 3fF6Lsf] snsn, r/r/ jf cf}ifwLx¿ dg{ nfu]sf a]xf]; lj/fdLnfO{ /f]u lg/f]wLsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/G5 . of] eg]sf] lj/fdLsf nflu …df/] kfk kfn] k'GoÚsf] cj:yf xf] . hlt;Sof] Tolt rfF8f] pkrf/ z'¿ ug{ ;Sof] Tolt g} rfF8f] o;n] sfd ub{5 eg]/ 36gfqmdn] b]vfPsf] 5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ 5f]6f] / ;fFrf] ;Nnfx lbPsf] elgG5 / dflgG5 klg . l9nf] pkrf/ z'¿ ubf{ k|z:t dfqfdf dflyNnf] xfjf kfrg dfu{df hfg'sf ;fy} >fjx¿sf] lgisfzgn] k|z:t cK7\of/f] agfpFb5 . of] cK7\of/f] x6fpg w]/} d'l:sn kb{5 . oBlk la/fdL hf] cem} r+v 5 To:tf]nfO{ d'v / 3fF6L ;DaGwL Zn]idf ;'Sg] eP/ o:tf cf}ifwLsf] k|of]unfO{ ;d;fdflos ePtf klg c:jLsfo{ ug{ cu'jfO ub{5g\ hjls c6«fl] kg TolQm s} k|efjsf/L 5 . c6«fl] kgn] d'6; ' DaGwL jf s]Gb|Lo :gfo' k|0ffnLdf grfx]sf] al9 hf]lvd pTkGg ub{5 . olb 3fF6Lsf] k5fl8 / dflyNnf] xfjf dfu{x¿df k|z:t t/n Ps ePsf] 5 eg] la/fdLsf] k'gM cjl:yltåf/f ;kmf / 9+u ldnfP/ lgsf; lbg cfjZos 5 . la/fdLnfO{ sf]N6] kmsf{P/ jf cw{pQfgf] kf/]/ jf :jfF; k|Zjf;af6x¿ aGb gx'g] lsl;dn] 3f]K6fofP/ ;'tfpFbf 3fF6Lsf] ;|fjsf] sf/0fn] ePsf] snsn r/r/ / v6v6 36fpg ;lsG5 . lj:t/faf6 la/fdLn] lgsfnL k|of]udf NofPsf] lz/fgL v'§flt/sf] la:tf/f cfwf lkm6 prfnL klg d'v 3fF6Ldf /x]sf t/nx¿ lj/fdL cw{pQfgf] cjl:yltdf ;lhn};u+ lgsfNg ;lsG5 . of] cjl:yltdf lj/fdLnfO{ Ps k6sdf s]xL ldg]6 eGbf al9 sfod /fVg x'bg} . o:tf] cj:yfdf k]6df ePsf lrhx¿ c+z ck|Toflzt ¿kdf ;b{5g\ . d'v / 3fF6Ldf ePsf] lrhljhx¿ lgsfNgsf nflu æxfjf lems]/ l/Sttf pTkGg ug]{ ljlwÆ l;kmfl/; ug'{ x'bF g} . Sofy]6/ gk'Ug] 7fpFdf t/n kbfy{ ePdf xfjf lems]/ l/Qmtf pTkGg ug]{ ljlw af/Daf/ k|of]u ubf{ ck|efaL x'G5 . o;n] zfGt ¿kdf /x]sf] lj/fdLnfO{ pQ]lht ub{5 eg] hf] la/fdLnfO{ lgu/fgLk"js { ;]jf lbO{ /fv]sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ si6sf/L x'G5 . -qmdzM_ 9

nIf0fx¿af/] 1fg lbg] , cfkm\ g f] 1fgcg';f/ la/fdLnfO{ ;fGTjgf Pjd\ 9f8; lbO{ la/fdLleq /x]sf unt wf/0ff Pjd\ Jojxf/ x6fpg ;s]df /f]u lgsf] x'gdf w]/} d2t k'Ub5 . -v_ ef}lts pkrf/k4lt

pkrf/ k4lt

dfgl;s /f]usf] pkrf/ /f]usf] k|s[lt x]/]/ dgf]lrlsT;f, ef}lts lrlsT;f tyf ;fdflhs lrlsT;f k2ltaf6 ug{ ;lsG5 / w]/} /f]uLnfO{ oL tLg cf]6f k2ltsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . xfd|f] b]zsf clwsf+z hgtfdf o; /f]unfO{ e"tk|t] , af]S;Lsf] k|efj, k"jh { Gdsf] kfksf] kl/0ffd eGg] cflb unt wf/0ff ePsf]n] emf/k'ms ug]{ e"t emfg],{ tftf] kGo"n] z/L/ 8fDg], nfdf, emfFqmL nufpg] cflb unt

of] k4ltcGtu{t /f]usf] k|sl[ t x]//] d'Votof tLg ljlwx¿ ckgfOG5g\

sf]zL, n'lDagL, e]/L c~rn c:ktfn, e/tk'/ c:ktfn, klZ|rdf~rn If]qLo c:ktfn kf]v/f cflb 7fpFdf pknAw 5 .

dfgl;s /f]usf d'Vo pkrf/ k2lt

• dfgl;s /f]usf nIf0f tyf lgbfgcg';f/ dfgl;s /f]udf ljleGg k|sf/sf cf}ifwLx¿ k|of]u u/]/ of] /f]u lgsf] kfg{ ;lsG5 . h:t}M — PG6L ;fOsf]l6S; -Snf]/k|fd] flhg . xofnf]kl] /8f]n, km\ok' m]gflhg cflb_ — PG6L l8k| ] ; ] G 6\ ; -Oldk| f ldg,

dfgl;s /f]usf] pkrf/ s;/L ul/G5 < k|lqmofx¿ ckgfPsf] b]Vg of ;'Gg kfOPsf] 5 . dfgl;s /f]u nfu] klg of] /f]u pkrf/af6 lgsf] x'g ;Qm5 eGg] tYo yfxf gkfP/ jf pkrf/ x'g] :yfgx¿af/] 1fg geP/ klg sltko la/fdLx¿ pkrf/af6 jl~rt ePsf] tYo xfd|f] ;fd' 5 . xfn g]kfndf dfgl;s /f]usf] pkrf/ ;] j f dfgl;s c:ktfn nugv] n sf ;fy} lqe' j g ljZjljBfno lzIf0f c:ktfn dxf/fhuGh, aL/]Gb| ;}lgs c:ktfn 5fpgL, jL/] G b| k| x /L c:ktfn dxf/fhuGh, clw/fHosf ljleGg efudf gLlh :t/df vf]lnPsf d]l8sn sn]hx¿ / s]xL gl;{ª xf]dx¿, la=lk=s]=cfO=Pr=P;= w/fg tyf k|yd kfOnf

-s_ dgf]lrlsT;f k2lt -;fOsf]y/] fkL, sfpG;]lnª cflb_

ha xfdL b'MvL x'G5f}+ ta cfkm\gf] b'Mv cGo sf]xL e/kbf]{ jf ljZjfl;nf] JolQmnfO{ ;' g fPdf jf pm;F u /fo;Nnfx lnPdf xfd|f] b'Mv w]/} sd ePsf] cg'ej xfdLnfO{ x'G5 . b'Mv kL/dsf{ cfk"mleq u'D:ofP/ /fVg'eGbf c¿nfO{ ;'gfP jf ;xof]u lnPdf b'Mv sd ug{df w]/} d2t k'Ub5 . dgf]lrlsT;f w]/} k|sf/sf x'G5g\ / d'Votof o;cGtu{t la/fdLsf] ;f]rfO{ tyf Jojxf/df s'g} cf}ifwLsf] ;]jglagf g} afl~rt ¿kdf kl/jt{g Nofpg] sfo{ x'G5 . lsgeg] sltko dfgl;s /f] u x¿ JolQmsf] unt ;f] r fO{ tyf Jojxf/af6 pTkGg x'G5g\ . la/fdLsf] s'/f /fd|f; ] uF ;'g/] lrlsT;sn] la/fdLnfO{ /f] u sf

Pldl6«kl6lng km\Ns;]l6g cflb_ . — PG6L PGhfO6L -8fOlhkfd, nf]/flhkfd, cNk|fhf]nfd cflb_ . — PG6L Olkn]K6LS; -km]gf]afla{6f]g, km]lg6\jfOg, sfaf{dfh]lkg cflb_ . — Mood Stabilizers -lnlyod, sfaf{dfh]lkg,;f]l8od Eofnk|fP] 6 cflb _ . ) O=l;=l6= -On]S6«f] sGelN;e y]/fkL_

s'gs } g' } dfgl;s /f]uL h:t}M s8f vfnsf] pbf;Lkg . clt pu| tyf pQ]lht la/fdL tyf s]xL xnrn gug]{ . s]xL gvfg] la/fdLnfO{ l56f] lgsf] u/fpg ljB'tLo pkrf/k4ltsf] cfjZostf kg{ ;S5 . o; ljlwcGtu{t ljz]if k|sf/sf] d]l;gsf] dfWodaf6 Ps ;]sG] 8eGbf 10

rflxg]eGbf a9L nufpg' x'Fb}g . la/fdLnfO{ yf]/} si6 xf];\ / s'g} k|sf/sf] rf]6k6s gnfuf];\ eGg] s'/fsf] Vofn /fVg'kb{5 . t/ xfdLn] ;Demg'kg]{ s'/f of] 5 ls zf/Ll/s aGb]h Psbd} sd la/fdLsf nflu dfq cfjZos kb{5 . la/fdL;Fu g/d / :g]xk"0f{ Jojxf/ u/]/ / pm;Fu ax; gu/L p;sf] s'/f ;'gd ] f w]/h } ;f] o:tf la/fdLnfO{ zf/Ll/s aGb]h a]u/ klg lgoGq0fdf lng ;lsG5 . Psk6s cf} i fwLn] c;/ u/] k l5 pQ]hgf cfkm} sd eP/ hfG5 .

sdsf] nflu la/fdLsf] dl:tisdf sd NofO{ /f]u lgsf]kfg]{ sfd ul/G5 . of] Pp6f j}1flgs tl/sf xf] / o;df lah'nLsf] dfWodn] la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ul/G5 . of] ljlw la/fdLnfO{ ;hfo lbg geO{ p;sf] /f]u lgsf] u/fpg k|of]u ulg5 . O{=l;=l6= kL8fbfos tyf vt/gfs geO{ ;'/lIft x'G5 . Ps hgf la/fdLnfO{ ;fwf/tof Ps lbg la/fP/ hDdf 5 k6s;Dd O=l;=l6= lbOG5 / slxn]sfxLF b; afx| k6s;Dd klg lbg'kg]{ x'g ;Qm5 . • slxn]sfxLF s'gs } g' } clt pu| jf pQ]lht la/fdLnfO{ p;sf] tyf c¿sf] arfj6sf nflu ;' ¿ sf] cj:yfdf s]xL ;dosf nflu zf/Ll/s aGb]h sf] klg cfjZostf kg]{ x'G5 . kl5 cGo pkrf/k4ltaf6 p;sf] /f]u qmdzM zfGt x'bF } uPkl5 of] ljlwsf] cfjZostf kb}g{ . zf/Ll/s aGb]h

u_ ;fdflhs pkrf/ k4lt • dfgl;s /f]u bL3{sfn;Dd /x]/ k'/fgf] x'bF } uPdf of k"0f{¿kdf lgsf] x' g g;s] d f klg ljleGg pkrf/af6 o;nfO{ w]/} sd ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf bL3{sflng dfgl;s /f]uLx¿sf nflu k'gM :yfkgf s]Gb| -l/xoflaln6];g ;]G6/_sf] cfjZostf

kb{5 . o:tf la/fdLnfO{ oL s]Gb|x¿df /fv]/ pgLx¿nfO{ pkrf/sf] ;fy;fy} ;fwf/0f vfnsf] ;lko'Qm tflnd lbg] . la/fdL 3/ kms]k{ l5 p;nfO{ kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhdf ;Ddfghgs :yfg lbnfpg] tyf la/fdL lgsf] eO/x]sf] 5 . pm;Fu 8/fpg' kb}g{ eGg] ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug]{ cflb sfo{x¿ oL s]Gb|x¿af6 ul/G5 . dfgl;s /f]uLnfO{ kl/jf/ Pjd\ ;dfhaf6 cnu /fVg' x'bF g} . kfl/jfl/s tyf ;fdflhs dfof, ddtf / ;xof]u gkfPdf dfgl;s /f]u lgsf] x'g lgs} uf¥xf] kb{5 . o;b]lv afx]s 3/kl/jf/ tyf ;fdflhs sf/0fn] /f]u ePsf] 5 tyf /f]u lgsf] kfg]{ sfddf afwf e}/x]sf] 5 eg] To:tf sf/0fx¿ kQf nufP/ x6fpg] sfd klg ;fdflhs pkrf/cGtu{t g} kb{5 . >f]tM dfgl;s c:ktfn nugv]n, nlntk'/

sn Ol08of ===

dfq

?= @=()

k|lt ldg]6

;fy} stf/, ;fpbL c/]laof, o"=P=O=, ax/fOg / s'at] df kmf]g ubf{ ca dfq ?= !@ k|lt ldg]6 .

kmf]g ug]{ tl/sf M !$@$ ± slG6«sf]8 ± kmf]g g+= yk hfgsf/Lsf] nfluM gf]l6;af]8{ g+= !^!* )&)& !!!!! df 8fon u/L ;'Gg ;Sg' x'g5 ] . pNn]lvt dxz'n b/df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgodfg';f/ nfUg] s/ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g . k|yd kfOnf

g]kfn 6]lnsd 11

dlxnf ;d:of

lgM;GtfgkgM sf/0f / Joj:yfkg j}jflxs hLjgdf x/]s bDklQdf ;Gtfgsf] /x/ x'G5 oBlk xfn ljsl;t d' n ' s sf o' j f ljjflxt hf] 8 Ldf lg;Gtfg /xg] k|jl[ Q a[l4 x'bF } uPsf] kfOG5 . dfgj of}lgs hLjgdf ;Gtfgsf] rfxgf lasf; x'g' lgtfGt hGdhft k|fs[lts k|al[ Q xf] . o:tf] rfxgf afnv]ndf klg b]Vg kfOG5, . lj8Dagf s] 5 eg] s]xL bDklQdf o:tf] /x/ k'/f x'bF g} – kl/0ffd :j¿k dfgl;s, ;+ju] fTds tyf ;fdflhs ;d:of ;d]t b]vf kb{5g\ . cfkm"df b]lvPsf] lgM;Gtfgkgsf] d"n sf/0fsf] 1fg gePdf, ;dodf pkrf/ gkfPdf JolQmx¿ cfkm\gf] hLjgnfO{ lg/y{s 7fGg yfN5g\ . clzlIfltx¿ kLl8t lg;GtfgnfO{ Rjf:; 3f]Rg] s'/f ub{5g\ . k"hfkf7, efsn, e"t k|t] eufpg] h:tf cGwljZjf;sf] ;xf/f lng] ;Nnfx lbG5g\ . olt dfq geP/ cGo ljifosf lzlIft t/ k|hgg\ :jf:Yosf] 1fg gePsfx¿ ;d]t dlGb/–dl:hb uP/ ;Gtfgsf] nflu k|fy{gf u5{g\ . wfld{s cg'i7fgdf 7"nf] wg/flz vr{ u5{g\ . t;y{, jf:tjdf lg;Gtfgkg s] xf] < sf/0fx¿ s]–s] x'g\ < ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ s] x'g\ , eGg] ljifodf ;a}nfO{ ;fdfGo hfgsf/L x'g' h¿/L 5 lsg eg] o:tf] ;d:of h'g;'s} JolQm jf p;sf] kl/jf/df b]vf kg{ ;Sb5 . a]nd} f :jf:Yo k/LIf0f u/fO{ pkrf/ u/]df clwsfFz lgM;Gtfgkfgsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5, t;y{ oxfF lgM;Gtfgkfgsf] wf/0ff, sf/0f / k|yd kfOnf

Joj:yfkgsf] ;+lIfKt rrf{ ul/G5 .

lgM;Gtfgksf] wf/0ffM lgM;GtfgkgnfO{ afF e mf] k g / gk'i+ fstf klg elgG5 . zAbfy{nfO{ cfwf/ agfpFbf ;Gtfgf]Tkfbg Ifdtf gx'g' jf sd x'g' a'lemG5 . ue{jtL x'g g;Sg] jf k'¿ifn] dlxnfnfO{ ue{jtL agfpg g;Sg] a' l emG5 . t;y{ afFemf]kgsf] t'ngfdf lgM;Gtfgkg zAb

a9L k|of]hgof]Uo / k|foM pkrf/of]Uo ;d:of ePsf]n] o;nfO{ Go"g k|hgg Ifdtf eGg' pQd b]lvG5 .

lgM;Gtfgkgsf] juL{s/0fM ;fdfGotof lgM;GtfgkgnfO{ @ k|sf/df ljefhg ul/G5 . s_ k| f ylds lgM;GtfgkgM hGdhftx¿df ;Gtfgf]Tkfbgsf] Ifdtf gx' g ' n fO{ k| f ylds lgM;Gtfgkg elgG5 ,

uf]ljGbk|;fb k/fh'nL v_ bf]>f] lgM;GtfgkgM s'g} dlxnfn] Ps b' O { j 6f ;Gtfgkl5 :jtM ;Gtfgf]Tkfbg Ifdtf x/fpg'nfO{ uf}0f lgM;Gtfgkg elgG5 . t/ Dr.Shrinandan Bansal

cg';f/ lgM;Gtfgkfg (Steriity) nfO{ & k|sf/df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5M !_ Absolute Sterility: z/L/ /rgf tyf lqmofTds u8a8Lsf sf/0f z'qmls6 jf c08 g} pTkfbg geP/ ue{ g/xg] cj:yf xf] . @_ Acquired Sterility: of] Secondary Infertiity g} xf] . #_ Dysspermatogenic Steriity: z' q msL6 pTkfbg x' g 12

g;Sgfn] b]vfkg]{ ;d:of xf] . $_ Female Sterlity: dlxnfdf b]vfkg]{ Sterlity xf] . %_ Male Sterility: k'¿ifn] z'qmf0f' pTkfbg ug{ g;Sg] jf ;Ifd z'qmf0f' pTkfbg ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0f b]lvg] afFemf]kg xf] . ^_ Primary Sterility: of] Primary jf Absolute Sterilyty h:t} xf] . &_ Realtive Sterility: of}gf+usf ljs[lt afx]s cGo sf/0fn] ubf{ b]vfkg]{ afFemf]kg xf] .

;d:ofsf] :t/M –

x/]s ^ bDklQdWo] ! bDklQ Infertile kfOG5g\ . $) k|ltzt ;d:of k'¿ifsf] sf/0fn], $) k|ltzt dlxnfsf] sf/0fn] / afFsL @) k|ltztsf] sf/0f yfxf x'bF g} . – #% jif{ pd]/ gf3]sf # dWo] ! dlxnfdf of] ;d:of b]vf kb{5 . @% dWo] ! k'¿ifdf low Sperm Count x'G5 eg] #% dWo] ! k'¿ifdf uef{wfg u/fpg] Ifdtf x'bF g} . o:tf] k|hgg :jf:Yo ;d:of ;/b/ ;a} 7fpFdf kfOG5 . c+sul0ftLo cfwf/df ;d:ofsf tYof+sx¿ ;fgf b]lvP klg tL ;d:of ;DalGwt JolQm, bDklQ, p;sf gft]bf/sf nflu ljs/fn x'g ;S5g\ h;n] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s Iflt k'¥ofpg ;S5 .

lgM;Gtfgkgsf sf/0fx¿M cToGt w] / } sf/0fx¿n] lgM;Gtfgkg b]lvg ;S5 h;sf] a0f{g lgDgfg';f/ ul/G5M

k' ¿ ifdf b] l vg] lgM;Gtfgkgsf sf/0fx¿M –

:jf:Yo / lhljt z'qmls6sf] cefjM a9L sfd / ysfO{ k|yd kfOnf

cTolws / lg/Gt/ w'd|kfg_, cTolws /S;L ;]jg, nfu" kbfy{ b'Jo{;gLsf sf/0f :j:y / hLljt z' q mls6sf] cefj x' g uO{ afFemf]kg cfpg ;S5 . – c08sf]ify}nLsf] tfkqmd ;fdfGo eGbf a9L ePdf . – c08sf]ifx¿ z/L/ lgdf{0fsf qmddf d[uf}nf d'lg /x]sf x'G5g\ / lj:tf/} aRrf hGd]sf] s]xL lbg leq} c08sf]if y}nLdf em5{g\ t/ s;} d f cfkm\ g f] 7fpF d f emb}g{ g\ . – of}g ;Dks{df 7Ls ;dodf jLo{ :vng gx'g' . zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s sf/0faf6 ln+u pQ]lht g'xg' ,' zL3| ktg, d"qåf/ c;fdfGo tl/sfn] ln+usf] d"lg jf c08sf]if / ln+usf] aLrdf ePsf] 5fnfdf v'Ng' . of] ;d:ofn] of]gL leq kof{Kt dfqfdf z'qmls6 k'Ub}gg\ , s'g} sf/0fn] z'qmaflxgL gnLdf cj/f]w ePdf /f]u jf b'36{ gf .

– –

dlxnf lgM;Gtfgksf sf/0fx¿M – –

–

/ Pituitary u|GyLsf xdf]g{ x¿sf] c;Gt'ng . lrGtfn] of}g rfxgf 36fpF5 . elgG5– Tense Patient Tense Tubes o;f] ePdf c08aflxgL gn / cGognLdf ;fy} k|hgg u|GyL klg ;lqmo x'bF g} g\ kl/0ffd :j:y c08 pTkfbg, To;sf] ult / lgz]rgdf cj/f]w cfpF5 , of}g ;Dks{sf] ;do tflnsf ldnfpg ghfGgfn]M ;fdfGotof /h:jnf ePsf] !!–!@ b]lv !*– @) lbg;Dd ! lbg la/fP/ of}g ;Dks{ /fVg' pQd x'G5 . Hypothanamns

hGdhft ljs[ltx¿ ePdf, h:t}M – –

of}g ;Dks{sf] ;xL 1fgsf] cefj z'qmsL6sf] rfndf sd – jLo{ / of]gL /;sf] cDnLo / If/Lokgdf tfnd]n gldng]dfM of]gL/; a9L cDnLo ePdf z'qmls6x¿ db{5g\ . – z'qmls6 / aLo{sf] dfqf ;fdfGo eGbf 36L jf a9L ePdf . – c08sf]ifsf] sfddf g/fd|f] c;/ k/]df . – w]/} tftf] 7fpFdf s8f kl/>d ug'k{ /]df . – sl:;Psf] cG8/j]o/ nufPdf . – c08sf]if ;'lgg] ePdf . – jLo{ y}nL / k|f:] 6]6 u|GyL nfdf] ;dob]lv ;'lGgPsf] ePdf . – lel/ËL, ;'hfs, xfF8,] 6L=aL h:tf

/f]u ePdf . b'36{ gf jf zNolqmof c08sf]ifdf rf]6 nfu]df . cToflws of}glqm8f u/]df .

– – –

– – – – – – –

of]gLsf] cfsf/ /fd|f] gePdf jf aGb ePdf . kf7]3/sf] ;/rgf / sfo{ /fd|f] / :j:y gePdf . l8Da aflxgL gnL ;fFu/' f] ePdf . kf7]3/sf] d'v nfdf] r'Rrf] / 6'Kkf]df Kjfn ePdf . l8DajflxgL gnLsf ;+qmd0fx¿ ePdf, h:t}M ;'lGgg] /fu, ;'hfs, Ifo/f]u, ;'Ts]/L a]nfsf] ;+qmd0fn] ubf{ ue{ktg ePdf . kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] bL3{ ;'hg . of]gLaf6 ;]tf] kfgL alu/xg' . of]gL / of]gLåf/sf] ;+qmd0f . kf7]3/df df;' knfPdf . b'36{ gf jf ck|z ] gdf k|hgg dfu{df cj/f]w ePdf . ;dodf l8Da c08 gaGgfn] o;nfO{ Innovulation elgG5 . s'kf]lift ePdf klg ue{ g/xg ;S5 . 13

lgM;Gtfgkgsf] Joj:yfkg lgM;Gtfgkgsf sf/0fx¿ cToGt w]/} x'g] x'gfn] vf; sf/0f klxrfg u/L ;f]xL adf]lhd :jf:Yo, ;do / wgsf] ;d]t art ug{ ;lsG5 . lgDglnlvt pkfox¿ pkof]u ul/G5 .

dlxnfsf nflu pkfox¿ !_ bDklQnfO{ lgDglnlvt s'/f l;sfpg]M s_ :jf:Yo ;'ljwfx¿ sxfF kfOG5 < v_ of}g hLjg s] xf], s;/L ;'Gb/ :jf:Yo agfpg] < u_ s;/L of}g ;Dks{ /fVbf ue{ /xg] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 < 3_ nfOkm :6fOn s:tf] agfpg] < @= k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jf $% s] = hL= eGbf sd tf} n ePsfnfO{ ;a} kf}li6s tTj ;lxtsf] ;Gt'nt ef]hg, JolQmut ;/;kmfO{ / tGb'¿:tLdf Wofg lbg], &% s]=hL= eGbf a9L tf}n ePsfnfO{ sd lbg] / ;Gt'lnt ef]hg sfod /fVg] . #= b'a} bDklQn] r'/f]6 /S;L ;]jg gug]{ . $= /h:jnf ePsf] !)÷!@ b]lv !*÷@) lbgdf lbglbg} jf Ps lbg la/fP/ of}g ;Dks{ ug]{ . %_ ;xjf; kl5 jLo{ aflx/ cfpF5 eg] sf]N6] k/]/ kfFr ldg]6 ;'Tg] . ^_ kf7]3/sf] d'v ;fFu/' f], nfdf] s8f ePdf v'sn ' f] kfg]{ pkrf/ ug]{ . &_ c08 pTkfbg :j:y agfpg] xdf]g{ lbg . *_ k|hgg k|0ffnLsf c+ux¿sf] ;+qmd0fsf] tTsfn pkrf/ ug]{ . (_ of]gL4f/ ;fFu/' f] ePdf ck|z ] g u/L 7"nf] kfg]{ . !)_ s'df/L kq s8f jf afSnf] ePdf Hymenotomy u/L x6fpg] . !!_ kf7]3/ leq df;' knfPsf] 5 eg] ;f] df;' ck|z ] g u/L x6fpg] . k|yd kfOnf

!@_ obL kf7]3/ k5fl8 kms]s { f] jf of]gL ;d]t k5fl8 kms]s { f] 5 eg] ck|z ] g u/]/ ;xL l:yltdf Nofpg' k5{ . !#_ Falopian Tube aGb ePdf Tuboplasty u/L vf]Ng'k5{ . !$_ kf7]3/sf] d'v v'nf ePsf] sf/0fn] ue{ k tg e} /x] d f Shirodkars ck| ] z g u/L 6fF s f nufpg' k5{ t/ of] 6fFsf ue{sf] #$– #^ xKtfdf lgsfNg'k5{ .

k'¿ifsf nflu pkfox¿ k'¿ifdf klg ljleGg pkfoåf/f lgM;Gtfgkgsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 !_ olb ysfgsf sf/0f lnË pQ]lht gePsf] xf] eg] Pslbg la/fP/ of}g ;Dks{ ug]{ . @_ of}g ;Dks{df >LdtLn] a9L dfof / pQ]ht ugf{n] klg ln+u pQ]lht x'G5 . #_ of}g ;Dks{sf] ;xL tl/sfsf] lzIff lbg] . $_ xdf]{gx¿sf] cefjn] klg ln+u pQ]lht gePsf] x'g ;S5 t;y{ ;DalGwt xdf]g{ lbg] . %_ lrGtf x6fpg], /Qmrfk 36fpg], lgGb|f nufpg] cf}ifwLsf] dfq lj:tf/} 36fpFb} hfg] . ^_ w'dk| fg tyf dWokfg k"0f{ ¿kdf 5f]8g\ ] . &_ ln+u pQ]lht gePdf Knfli6ssf ;]s; P8 klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 , *_ zL3|ktgsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'k{ 5{ . o;sf nflu rfF8f] rfF8f] of}g ;Dks{ gug]{ . Squeeze Technique k|of]u ug]{ h;df ljo{ :vng x'g cfF6d] f ln+u d'08 lgrf]/L pQ]hgf 36]kl5 km]/ ;xjf; ul/G5 .

(_ ln+usf] 6'Kkf jl/kl/ df;' knfP/ 9fSg] cj:yf ePdf knfPsf] df;' sf6]/ kmfNg'k5{ . !)_ z'qmsL6sf] dfqf a9fpg JolQmut :jf:y /fd|f] agfpg] . !!_ of}g /f]ux¿sf] tTsfn pkrf/ ug]{ . !@_ olb Epidedymis jf Vas Deferens df afwf eO{ Sperm pTkfbgdf ;d:of ePsf] xf] eg] ck|z ] g u/L 7Ls cj:yfdf Nofpg'k5{ .

ljz]if pkfox¿M obL dflysf pkfox¿af6 klg ;Gtfgf]Tkfbg gePdf lgDg lnlvt pkfox¿ ckgfpg ;lsG5 . !_ AIH (Artifical Insemination Husband) cfk\mg} >Ldfgsf] )=% jLo{ Semen kf7]3/df k7fOG5 . @_ AID (Artificia Insemination Donor) obL >Ldfg\sf] z'qmsL6n] sfd gu/]df :j:y tyf lzlIft JolQmsf] jLo{ kf7]3/df k7fOG5 . #_ IVF: k|of]uzfnfdf lgz]rg ul/Psf] c08nfO{ kf7]3/df k7fOG5 . $_ Freezing of Sperm: Embry: klxnf] IVF df ue{ g/x]df csf]{ k6snfO{ Freeze u/]/ /fv]sf z'qmsL6 jf e|0" f sfd nfU5g\ . To;}u/L Cancer sf] pkrf/ ug'5 { nfdf] ;do bDklQ cnlUuP/ a:g'kg]{5 –h:t}M Army_ eof] of] sfd nfU5 . %_ afF e mf] k g :jLsfg{ , Test Tubebaby kfpg jf wd{ k'qk'qL kfNgsf nflu /fd| f ] k/fdz{ s f] cfjZostf kb{5 . -n]vs ;Ktu08sL ax'dv ' L SofDk;sf :jf:Yo zf/Ll/s, hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f lzIff ljefusf pk k|fWofks x'gx' G' 5_ 14

dgf];fdflhs ;d:of dlxnfnfO{ dlxnf ePs} gftfn] tyf k'¿ifnfO{ k'¿if ePs} sf/0fn] cyjf ln+usf cfwf/df dlxnf tyf k'¿ifdfly s'g} klg k|sf/sf] lx+;f x'G5 eg] To;nfO{ n}l+ us lx+;f elgG5 . n}l+ us lx+;fn] dfgj clwsf/sf] pkxf/ ul//x] s f] x' G 5 . g] k fn h:tf] lkt[ ; tfTds b] z df k' ¿ ifeGbf dlxnfx¿g} j9L n}l+ us lx+;fsf] lzsf/ eO/x]sf x'G5g\ . w]/h } :tf] cj:yfdf dlxnf dfyL k'¿ifn] lx+;fTds Jojxf/ ul//x]sf] x'G5 eg] csf]t{ km{ dlxnfnfO{ dlxnfn] g} lx+;f ul//x]sf pbfx/0fx¿ e]l6G5g\ . ljleGg 7fpF tyf kl/l:yltdf

dlxnfx¿ leqleq} dfgl;s ¿kdf cj;/x¿ glbg', /fhgLltdf nfu]sf ljlIfKt eO{ cfTdxTof ;d]t ug]{ u/]sf] dlxnfx¿sf] rl/qxTof ug'{, pRr kbdf k'Ug glbg] u/]/ ;d]t dlxnfx¿ kfOPsf] 5 . dfly lx+;f eO/x]sf 5g\ . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf :j¿kx¿ n}l+ us lx+;fsf] kl/0ffdsf ¿kdf ) Zf/Ll/s lx+;f s' 6 lk6, ufpF , 3f] q m\ o fpg' , dlxnfx¿df ljleGg lsl;dsf] n5f/k5f/ ug' { , ha/h:tL of} g dgf];fdflhs ;d:ofx¿ b]vfkg]{ u/]sf Joj;fodf nufpg', anfTsf/, of}g 5g\ . dfgl;s :jf:Yo ;d:of / b'Jojxf/, sfdsf] af]em yf]k/]/ b'Mv dlxnflj?4sf ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;fx? lbg' cflb dlxnfx¿dfly x'g] zf/Ll/s Pscfk;df cGt/ ;DalGwt /x]sf lx+;f x'g\ . 5g\ . k|wfgdGqL tyf dGqLkl/ifb\sf] ) dfgl;s lx+;fM sfof{non] ;g\ @)!@ df ^ lhNnfx?df cazAbsf] k|of]u ug',{ nfG5gf u/]sf] cWoog k|ltj]bg cg';f/ gf};o nufpg', 5f]/L hGdfO{ eg]/ x]nf ug',{ gd'gf pQ/bftf dlxnf dWo]df $ ;o csf]{ ljjfx ug{ wDsL lbg', afFemf] #@ hgfn] n}l+ us lx+;fsf] cg'ej u/]sf] ljwjfh:tf zAbsf] k|of]u ug',{ c¿sf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . n}l+ s lx+;f Joxf]g{]

dlxnfdflysf] n+l} us lx+;f / dgf];fdflhs ;d:of

uf]kfn 9sfn

dlxnfx¿ dfly lx+;f eO/x]sf] x'G5 . cfkm" n ] sfd ug{ ] 7fpF Pj+ sfof{nox¿df, cfkm\g} ;xsdL{ Pj+ xflsdaf6 x'g] lx+;f, ahf/, ;8s, oftfoftsf ;fwg, ljBfno nufot cfkm\g} 3/ kl/jf/ leq, >Ldfg, ;f;', ;;'/f, gGb, efph', bfh'efO{ af6 dlxnfx¿ n}l+ us lx+;fsf] l;sf/ x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . dlxnf / k'¿ifaLrsf] n}l+ us e]befj / c;dfgtf 36fpg], dlxnfx¿dfly x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf n}l+ us lx+;fx¿n] cGTo ug]{ h:tf ljifodf rsf]{ ax; / 5nkmn x'g] u/]tf klg Jojxf/df oL s'/f nfu" x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5} g . lkt[ ; tfTds ;f] r / dfgl;stfn] o;df 7" n f] k| e fj kfl//x]sf] 5 . 3/fo;L jf ;dfhdf x'g] u/]sf dlxnfx¿ dflysf ljleGg lsl;dsf lx+;f tyf zf]if0fx¿ w]/h } ;f] aflx/ gNofO{ leqleq} ;' N emfpg] tyf 9fs5f]k ug]{ ul/G5 . o;n] ubf{ k|yd kfOnf

cufl8 xf]Rofpg', OR5f / cfsfIff bafpg', b'Jo{jxf/ ug',{ lr7\7L 6]lnkmf]g, Od]n OG6/g]6af6 wDsL lbg', Ankmsn ug',{ clZnn t:jL/ ;fj{hlgs u/L cfTdxTof u/]; { Ddsf] cj:yf l;h{gf ug'{ dfgl;s lx+;fsf pbfx/0f x'g\ .

) k/Dk/fut lx+;f afnlajfx, ax'ljjfx, bfOhf], af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k, afbL k|yf, 5fpk8L, b]psL, em'df cfbL h:tf ;fdflhs k/Dk/f tyf ljZjf;n] ;d] t dlxnfx¿ dfly lx+;f eO/x]sf] 5 .

) cfly{s lx+;f dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfly{ s cfo cfh{gsf] sfd ug{ /f]s nufpg', 3/ wGbfdf g} ;Lldt ug',{ cfly{s ¿kdf cfl>t kfg',{ ;DklQsf] xs dlxnfnfO{ glbg'n] dlxnfx¿ cfly{s ¿kdf lx+;fsf] lzsf/ eO/x]sf 5g\ .

) /fhgLlts÷;fdflhs lx+;f dlxnfx¿nfO{, /fhgLlt, ;dfh ;]jfdf nfUgaf6 al~rt u/fpg',

$ ;o #@ hgf dWo] ^( k|ltztnfO{ dfgl;s ;d:of ePsf] @( k|ltztdf cfTdxTof ug]{ ;f]r + cfPsf] ;fy} & k|ltzn] cfTdxTofsf] k|of; u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . oL dgf] ; fdflhs ;d:ofsf nIf0fx¿df dg pbf; x'g,] cgfjZos 8/ nfUg], rf8f] l/; p7\g,] Hofbf lrGtf ug],{ låljwfdf kg],{ lg0f{o ug{ g;Sg], ;dfhdf ;fyL efO{x¿;Fu 3'nldn, s'/fsfgL ug{ dg gnfUg], ljleGg zfl//Ls ;d:ofx¿ b]vfkg],{ cfkm" sdhf]/ ePsf] dx;'; ug],{ s]xL sfd ug{ dg gnfUg], lbSbf/ nfUg], PSnf] dx;'; ug],{ cfTdxTofsf] ;f]r cfO/xg], lgGb|f gnfUg], ¿g dg nfUg], s] xf]nf, s;f] xf]nf eg]/ eljio, 3/ kl/jf/sf] dfq lrGtf ul//xg] cfbL x'G5 . n}l+ us lx+;fsf sf/0f b]vf k/]sf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf] lglDt, dgf]ljdz{ Pj+ efjgfTds ;xof]usf ;fy} cGo cfjZos ;xof]u k|bfg ug'k{ 5{ . 15

:jf:Yo ;r]tgf

pRr /Qmrfk Ps vt/gfs /f]u cf} i fwLx¿sf] ;] j g, Steroid 7fpFdf /fVg d2t ub{5 . Hormone sf] dfqf a9L x'g' h:t}M ) dBkfg kl/jf/ lgof]hg jf hGdfGt/sf] nflu dBkfgn] /QmrfknfO{ a9fpF5 . d'6'n] kDk u/L /QmgnLx¿df k|of]u ug]{ rSsL, # dlxg] ;'On { ] klg ) j+zfg'ut /ut k|jfx x'bF f pTkGg x'g] rfknfO{ /Qmrfk a9\g ;S5 . j+zfg'ut u'0f g} pRr /Qmrfksf] /Qmrfk elgG5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd lgDg tTjx¿af6 /Qmrfk a9\g ;S5 Ps k|dv ' sf/0f ePsf] kfOG5 . To;}n] /Qmrfk w]/} /lx/xg] cj:yfnfO{ pRr ) w'dk| fg cfk\mgf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:ox¿df r' / f] 6 / cGo w' d | k fgsf pRr /Qmrfk 5 eg] c¿nfO{ klg /Qmrfk elgG5 . ;dfGotof !$)÷() PdPd÷PrhL eGbf a9L lrhx¿df lgsf]6g eGg] ljiffn' tTj x'g] ;Defjgf a9\5 . rfk ePdf pRr /Qmrfk elgG5 . x'G5 . h;n] ubf{ /QmgnLx¿ v'Drg ) cfxf/ uO{ /Qmrfk a9\g hfG5 . w'dk| fgn] pRr/Qmrfksf] sf/0f a9L dfqfdf g'gsf] ;]jg, af];f] jf lrNnf] kbfy{ a9L ePsf vfB kbfy{n] klg /Qmrfk a9fpF5 .

8f= s]zjk|;fb cfrfo{ jl/i7 x[bo/f]u ljz]if1

pRr /Qmrfksf nIf0fx¿ w] / } h ;f] pRr /Qmrfksf] /f]uLx¿df s'g} klg nIf0f x'bF g} . of] gfk]/ dfq yfxf x'G5 t/ of] /f]un] lj:tf/} d'6d ' f, d[uf}nfdf, cfFvfdf / dlitisdf c;/ u5{ / la/fdLnfO{ yfx} gkfO{ d[To'sf] d'vdf k'¥ofpF5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ ;'if'Kt xTof/f klg elgG5 . s]xL la/fdLx¿df 6fpsf] b'Vg], rSs/ nfUg], 5ftL b'Vg], gfsaf6 /ut aUg] nIf0f x'G5g\ .

pRr /Qmrfkaf6 x'g] vt/f

(% k|ltzt pRr /Qmrfksf] /f]uLx¿df o;sf] s'g} sf/0f kQf nfUb}g / x'bF g} . pd]/ a9\b} uPkl5 of] /f]usf] k|sf]k klg a9\b} hfG5 . % k|ltzt dflg;x¿df o;sf] sf/0fx¿ kfOG5 . h:t} M d[ u f} n f ;DaGwL /f] u , /QmgnLsf] /f]u, ljleGg lsl;dsf] k|yd kfOnf

!_ kIf3ft eO{ d[To' x'g] cyjf ckfË x'g] vt/f @_ x[bo3ft eO{ d[To' x'g] vt/f /Qmrfk 36fpg] cf}ifwLx¿nfO{ klg #_ d[uf}nfdf v/faL eO{ d[To' x'g] /fd|f] sfd ug{ lbFbg} . cyjf 8fOnfl;; ug'{kg]{ jf ) df]6f]kgf d[uf}nf km]g{' kg]{ cj:yf cgfjZos zf/Ll/s tf} n n] $_ cGwf]kgf e} ckfË x'g] vt/f /Qmrfk a9fpg d2t ub{5 . /Qmrfksf] juL{s/0f ) Jofofdsf] sdL tgfj gePsf] a]nf kf/]/ /utsf] zf/Ll/s Aofofdn] /Qmrfk 7Ls rfksf] dfkg ug'k{ b{5 . % ldg]6sf] 16

cGt/df slDtdf b'O{ k6s b'a} xftdf dfkg ug'k{ b{5 . r'/f]6, ;'tL{, lrof jf skmL ;] j g u/] s f] #) ldg] 6 lalt;s]kl5 dfq /utsf] rfk gfk ug'{ kb{5 .

/Qmrfk b'O{ lsl;dsf x'G5g\ dflyNnf] /Qmrfk, tNnf] /Qmrfk

pkrf/ k4lt olb /Qmrfk !$)÷()Pd÷ PrhL eGbf dflysf] cjyf 5 eg] lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ pkrf/ ckgfpg' kb{5 . /Qmrfk !@)÷*) PdPd÷PrhL eGbf a9L ePdf pko' Q m dflgG5 . olb dw' d ] x , d[uf}nfsf] u8a8L / d'6s ' f] ;d:of x'g]x¿sf] nflu !#)÷*) PdPd÷ PrhL eGbf a9L ePdf pkrf/ ug'k{ b{5 .

lagf cf}ifwLsf] pkrf/ hLjgz}nL kl/jt{gM !_ g'gsf] ;]jg sd ug]M{ ! lbgdf # u|fd -cfwf lrof rDrf_ dfq k|of]u ug], g'gsf] dfqf a9L ePsf] kfk8, crf/, cfn'lrK;, g'g 5/]sf] e'6s ] f] ds}, lrh h:tf kbfy{ sd vfg] . @_ z/L/sf] tf}n 7Ls /fVg]M lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ cfkm\gf] prfO{ cg';f/sf] l7s tf}n kQf nufO{ a9L tf}n ePdf 36fpg] . #_ lgoldt zf/Ll/s Aofofd ug]M{ b}lgs $% ldg]6b]lv ! 306f l56f]l56f] lxF8\g] . $_ dBkfg ;]jg sd ug]{ . %_ cfxf/, af];f], lrNnf] kbfy{ w]/} ePsf] vfgf gvfg] . ^_ kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] rSsL jf # dlxg] ;'O{ nufPsf]x¿df olb /Qmrfk a9] s f] eP lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ c¿ pkfo ckgfpg] . cf}iflw ;lxtsf] pkrf/ k|yd kfOnf

dflysf lagf cf}ifwLsf pkfox¿ ckgfP/ klg /Qmrfk !$)÷() eGbf dfly 5 eg] lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ cf}iflw ;]jg ug'{ kb{5 . pRr /Qmrfksf] cf}iflw z'¿ ug'{ cl3 la/fdLsf] ljleGg lsl;dsf hfFr ug'{ kb{5 . h:t} M ;fwf/0f /Qm k/LIf0f h;df, ;'u/, sf]n]:6«f]n, d[uf}nfsf] hfFr, d'6s ' f] O;LhL, d'6s ' f] lel8of] PS;/], cfFvfsf] k/LIf0f cflb . o:Tf k/LIf0f aif{sf] ! k6s ug'{ kb{5 . Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement (ABPM)

of] Pp6f /Qmrfk gfKg] oGq xf] . o;af6 la/fdLsf] @$ 306f e/Lsf] /Qmrfk gflkG5 . h'g a]nf la/fdL cfkm\gf] 3/df jf sfddf x'G5 . o;af6 b]vfPsf] /Qmrfk a9L e/kbf]{ x'G5 . s' g } la/fdLsf] /Qmrfk tndfly eO/xG5 h:tf] 3/df l7s /

c:ktfndf cfpFbf w]/} a9\g] o:tf /QmrfknfO{ White coat Hypertnsion elgG5 . pRr /Qmrfksf] cf}iflwx¿sf] ;fdfGo gsf/fTds c;/x¿ x'g ;S5g\ . h:t}M v'§f ;'lgg], ;'Vvf vf]sL nfUg], bd a9] h:tf] x'g,] o:tf] ePdf lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ cf}iflw ldnfpg' kb{5 . pRr /Qmrfk Pp6f 8/nfUbf], lgsf] gx'g] /f]u xf] . o;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 t/ lgsf] kfg{ ;lsGg . To;}n] pRr /Qmrfksf la/fdLx¿n] ;w} k/]hdf a:g] / lgoldt cf}iflw ;]jg ug'{ kb{5 . cf}iflwsf] afgL knf{, ;fO8 Okm]S6 xf]nf eg]/ pRr /Qmrfksf /f]uLx¿n] cf}iflw ;]jg aGb ug'{ x'bF g} . /Qmrfk lgoGq0f ePsf] cj:yfdf klg cf}iflw lgoldt ¿kn] ;]jg ug'{ kb{5 .

xflb{s awfO{

afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf pbfx/0fLo sfd u/]jfkt Hermann Gmeiner Prize 2012 åf/f k'/:s[t x'g' ePsf]df P;=cf]=P;= g]kfn hf]/kf6Ldf sfo{/t >LdtL /df sfsL{ nfO{ xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{5f}+ .

g]kfn dgf]j1 } flgs ;+3 17

gofF k':ts

6Lsf/fd afF:tf]nf JolQm / JolQmTj uf}/L z+s/ SofDk;sf ;+:yfks cWoIf Pj+ SofDk; k|dv ' , dx]Gb| ax'dv ' L SofDk; afun'ªsf k"j{ SofDk; k|dv ' tyf x]dhf ;flxTo k|lti7fg sf:sLsf ;+:yfks Pj+ ;Nnfxsf/, lzIff k|d ] L, g]kfnL efiffsf Ps w/f]x/, w]/s } f cfb/0fLo u'?, ;flxTosf/ 6Lsf/fd afF:tf]nfsf] JolQmTjnfO{ ;d]6LPsf] æ6Lsf/fd afF:tf]nf JolQm / JolQmTjÆ gfds :d[ltu|Gy xfn} k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . u|Gydf tf/fgfy /fgfef6, k|f=8f= jL/]Gb| l;+x u'?ª, k|f=8f= /fhf/fd ;'jb] L, 8f= t?0f kf}8n ] , k|f=8f= ljZj >]i7, 8f= lbg]z afF:tf]nf, 8f= nIdL z/0f clwsf/L, 8f= g/x/L pkfWofo uf}td, k|d ] 5f]/f, s[i0f pbf;Lnufot ljleGg *^ hgf JolQmx?n] 6Lsf/fd afF:tf]nfsf] JolQmTjdfly k|sfz kfb}{ pxfFsf] ;Demgfdf snd rnfpg' ePsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} u|Gydf 6Lsf/fd afF:tf]nfsf] JolQmut hLjgL, pxfFsf] hLjgsf dxTjk"0f{ jif{x?, pxfFn] k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] ;Ddfg Pj+ k|z; + f kqx?, pxfFsf] hLjgsf dxTjk"0f{ If0f emNsg] t:jL/x?nufot pxfFsf] lgwgdf ljleGg ;+3;+:yf tyf JolQmx?n] JoQm u/]sf] ;dj]bgf ;Gb]z ;d]t ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . s/La rf/ bzs;Dd k|fWofkg k]zfdf ;+nUg /xL g]kfnL efiff / ;flxTosf] If]qdf 7"nf] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' ePsf ;dfhsf Ps kyk|bz{s Pj+ k|]/s JolQmTj afF:tf]nfn] /fli6«o:t/sf ljleGg kbs, k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfgx? k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] 5 . o;df ;]jf kbs -@)#%_ /fli6«o lzIff k'/:sf/ -@)#%_ dx]Gb|/Tg e"if0f -@)$!_, bL3{;j] f kbs -@)%#_ nuftsf 5g\ . æc;n ;f]rfO{ / c;n u/fO{df g} hLjg ;fy{s 5Æ eGg] h:tf ;sf/fTds ;f]r /fVg], ljrf/df k|hftflGqs, /fli6«otf / ljsf;df hg;xeflutf h:tf gf/fnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg]{ pxfFsf] hLjg k4lt lyof] . ;fbf hLjg pRr ljrf/sf wgL 6Lsf/fd afF:tf]nf Ps cljid/0fLo JolQm / JolQmTj x'gx' G' Yof] . æcfdfn] tf;sf] vfndf nf}/f] lnP/ v]bb\ fb]lv /fhfsf] k|yd kfOnf

;jf/L rnfpFbf;Dd cfkm\gf] ljj]ssf] k|of]u ug'e { of] . cg'xf/df sfnf] df];f] / ;f] cg'xf/ b]vfP/ ahf/ kl/qmdf ubf{ slxNo} xLgtfaf]w ePg pxfFnfO{Æ -8f= lbg]z afF:tf]nf_ . æpgLh:tf ljåfg, zflng, OdfGbf/ / cys ;xofqLsf] cefj k"lt{ x'g g;Sg] Iflt xf]– d JolQmsf nflu, ;dfhsf nflu, b]z / k|hftGqsf nflu . pgsf 1fg, u'0f / cg'ejaf6 l;Sg' kfpg] cj;/ cj /x]g . :d[ltdfq z]if 5 . bLj+uto' clgjfo{ 5 / eof] . t/ pgnfO{ cd/ /fVg] w]/} ;'sfo{ 5f]8L uPsf 5g\ . pgL cd/ /x'gÆ\ -tf/gfy /fgfef6_ . lj=;+= !((&.)*.)* sf lbg a'af k= >L ljZjgfy afF:tf]nf tyf cfdf efu/yL afF:tf]nfsf] sf]vaf6 hGdg' ePsf 6Lsf/fd afF:tf]nfsf] @)^(.!).( df lgwg ePsf] lyof] . s[ltM 6Lsf/fd afF:tf]nf JolQm / JolQmTj k|sfzsM dg?kf afF:tf]nf ljwfM :d[lt u|Gy d'b0| fM sf]xLg'/ ckm;]6 k|; ] , kf]v/f d"NoM #)).–

–sGrg kf}8n] 18

xflb{s >4f~hnL

xfd|f] ddtfdoL Pj+ :g]xL dftf b]pdfof 9sfn :ju{jf; ePsf] aflif{s k"Goltlysf] cj;/df lb+jut cfTdfsf] lr/zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ :juL{o cfTdfk|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5f}+ . k|yd kfOnf dfl;s kl/jf/ k|yd kfOnf

k|yd kfOnf;Fu dlxnf lrlsT;s eGg] nfU5 . cf]vn9'Ëfdf hlGdP/ of] 7fpF ; Dd cfOk' U of] . dnfO{ k};feGbf klg ;]jf g} 7"nf] nfU5 . Pp6f ;fgf] 3/ 5 . laxfg a]ns ' f vfg k'U5 . kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox¿ :j:Yo 5g\ . 3/–kl/jf/df d]n 5 . Pscsf{sf] ;fy, ;xof]u / ;dy{g 5 . o;} n fO{ hLjgsf] ;kmntf dfGb5' . xfdLn] ædnfO{ g]kfn Kof/f]Æ] gfds ;]jfd"ns ;fdflhs ;+:yf vf]ns ] f 5f}+ . ;fdflhs sfddf ;lqmo eP/ nfu]sL 5' . ljleGg cfFvf lzlj/dfkm{t\ klg hnljGb'sf /f]uLnfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofO/x]sL 5' / v';L 5' . cfkm\gf] k]zfdf /dfPsL 5' .

8f= gGbf u' ? Ë g] k fndf hnljGb'df km]nf];Lk ug]{ klxnf] dlxnf x'gx' G' 5 . lj=;+= @)@* ;fn k'; !( ut]sf lbg cf]vn9'Ëfdf hGdg' ePsL 8f= u'?Ë k};fnfO{ eGbf la/fdLsf] ;]jf / ;'ljwfnfO{ ;jf]{k/L 7fGg' x'G5 . n'lDagL g]q lj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg e}/xjfdf sfo{/t /xFb} cfpg' ePsL 8f= gGbf u'?Ë k|yd kfOnf dfl;ssf] …j'dg ckm b Oo/Údf kg{ ;kmn x'g' ePsf] 5 . tkfO{s + f] lbgrof{ Joj:yfM

lrlsT;f k]zf g} Jo:t x'g] k]zf xf] . lrlsT;sx¿ Jo:t geP la/fdLx¿n] s;/L /fd|f] ;]jff kfpF5g\ < lbgx¿ lat]sf] yfxf g} kfpFlbg . laxfg * ah] c:ktfn k' u ] k l5 la/fdL;Fusf] ;]jf z'? x'G5 . ck|; ] g, cf]lk8L ubf{ ub}{ a]ns ' fsf] % aH5 . sf]7fdf cfPkl5 lbgel/sf] ysfg d]6g\ Ps lunf; sfutL lrof lkPkl5 s]xL :km"t{ ePsf] dx;'; x'G5 . a]ns ' f kqklqsf k9\g,] /]l8of] ;'Gg], 6]lnlehg x]g]{ u5'{ . hf8f] dlxgfdf t cem Jo:ttf a9\5 . lrlsT;s aGg] k|/] 0ff M

dnfO{ lzIfs aGg] Hofb} dg kYof]{ . d]/f] cfdfsf] eg] d}n] lrlsT;f ljifo k9];\ eGg] OR5f lyof] . To;df klg pxfFnfO{ cfFvfsf] 8fS6/ ;fx|f] dg kg{] pxfFsf] OR5fn] g} d}n] of] k]zf /f]hs ] L x'F .

la/fdL / lrlsT;saLrsf] ;DaGw <

s'g} klg la/fdL c:ktfn jf lSnlgsdf cfpF b f cfkm\ g f] 3/– kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;/x lrlsT;sn] Jojxf/ ug{k' 5{ . ;fy} la/fdL / p;sf

k};f eGbf ;]jf g} 7"nf] xf] M

hLjgsf] ;kmntf, ;Gt'li6 M

slxn]sfFxL o;f] ;DemFbf d}n] klg b]z / kl/jf/sf] nflu s]xL sfd u/]5' k|yd kfOnf

8f= gGbf 20

b'Jo{jxf/sf 36gfx¿ a9\b} uPsf 5g\ . lrlsT;f k]zfnfO{ dof{lbt, :jR5 / :jtGq /fVg'sf] ;§f oxfF klg /fhgLlts/0f, Jofkf/Ls/0f, 3';k}7 a9]/ uPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ ;d:ofx¿ a9]/ uPsf 5g\ . hnlaGb' / /f]syfdsf] pkfo <

cfkmGtn] klg lrlsT;sk|lt To:t} Jojxf/ ug'{ k5{ . ta dfq lrlsT;s / la/fdLaLr ljZjf; a9\5 . o;n] pkrf/df ;lhnf] x'G5 . lrlsT;sn] rfx]/ klg la/fdLnfO{ k|of{Kt ;do lbg g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . g]kfndf lrlsT;ssf] ;+Vof yf]/} / la/fdLsf] ;+Vof w]/} x'gfn] o;f] ePsf] xf] . c:ktfndf lrlsT;ssf] ;+Vof a9fpg'

k|yd kfOnf

clxn] s f] ab\ l nbf] /fhg} l ts cj:yfdf lrlsT;f k]zfdf klg s]xL hf] l vdx¿ b] l vPsf 5g\ .

hnljGb'n] cfFvfsf] gzfnfO{ g} c;/ kfg]{ ePsf]n] o;n] dflg;nfO{ cGwf] agfpF5 . g]kfndf hnljGb'sf] ljifodf yf]/} dfq cWoog / k|rf/ k|rf/ ePsf] 5 . of] /f]usf] af/]df uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/ Pj+ kqklqsfx¿dfkm{t\ k|rf/k|;f/ Pj+ r]tgf km}nfpg] sfd ug' { k 5{ . :jf:Yo lzIffdf hf] 8 lbg'k5{ . ljz]ifu/L dw'd]xsf] /f]uL, pRr /Qmrfk ePsf] JolQm, $) jif{ pd]/ gf3]sf df]6f] r:df nufpg], cfFvfdf rf]6k6s nfu]sf] JolQmdf

:jf:Yo;DaGwL lgodfjnL, sfg'g gcfPsf]n] c;'/lIft ePsf] dx;'; x'G5 . c:ktfnx¿ tf]8kmf]8 ug]{, lrlsT;s, :jf:YosdL{ dflysf]

hnljGb' x'g] ;Defjgf a9L ePsfn] p;n] a]n}df cfFvfsf] ljz]if1nfO{ b] v fpg' k 5{ . a] n } d f xf] ; \ k' ¥ ofP hnlaGb'af6 hf]lug ;lsG5 .

k5{ / Pp6f la/fdLnfO{ sDtLdf !% ldg]6 ;do lbg'k5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . lrlsT;f k]zfsf] ;d:of M

dfgl;s ;d:of

pbfl;gkg / o;sf] Joj:yfkg 8f= s]=kL= e08f/L xfdL dfgj hftL r]tgzLn k|f0fL ePsf]n] j/k/ / ;/f]sf/sf ;a}s'/fsf] cg'e"lt ub{5f}+ . ;'vdf xfdL nfnLu'/fF; em} kmlqmP/ /dfpF5f} eg] b'Mvdf Jolyt x'G5f}+ . ;'v / b'v eGg] s'/f hLjgdf lg/Gt/ eO/xg] k|lqmof x'g\ . dflg; :jefj}n] :jtGq, ;'vb, ;kmn / ;Gt'lnt hLjgz}nL rfxg] k|f0fL xf] . cfkm\gf] cl:tTj;Fu ;DalGwt bfloTj, lhDd]jf/L / r'gf}tL af/] ;r]t /xg] / ;fdgf ug]{ ;d]t Ifdtf dflg;df ljBdfg x'G5 . oBkL ;dfhdf a;]kl5 dflg;n] hLjgsf] x/]s df]8 / If]qdf k|lt:kwf{ ug'{ cfjZos kb{5 . x/]s JolQm :jefj}n] cfkm\gf] If]qdf ;jf]T{ s[i6 x'g rfxG5 . :j:y k|lt:kwf{n] dflg;nfO{ ;hu agfpg'sf ;fy} bafak"0f{ cj:yf, l/;, lrGtf, cfj]u h:tf s'/fx¿df ;+odtf ckgfpg ;xof]u u5{ . t/ at{dfg cj:yfdf k|lt:kwf{sf] gfddf y'k}| c:j:y k|lt:kwf{x¿ eO/x]sf 5g\ . k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ gfddf dflg; slxn]sflxF cfkm\gf] Ifdtf eGbf a9L dxTjsf+IfL eOlbG5 eg] s'g} a]nf cfkm"NffO{ clt sdhf]/ 7fg]/ k|lt:kwf{df g} plqb}g . oL ;a} Jojxf/ ljsf;sf afws x'g\ . ;dfhdf /x]kl5 ljleGg vfnsf cfzf, ck]Iff / k|lt:kwf{n] ubf{ :jefaut dfgl;s bafa / dfgl;s åGb x'G5 g} . k|lt:kwf{df cfzfltt ;kmntf ;w}+ k|fKt x'G5 eGg] 5}g . c;kmntfn] tgfj pTkGg x'G5 g} hf] JolQmdf dfgl;s åGb, bafa / tgfj ;dfof]hg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf x'G5 pm dfgl;s lk8f / pbfl;kgaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . t/ h;df dfgl;s bafa / åGbsf] tfnd]n ldnfpg ;Sg] 1fg / Ifdtf x'bF g} pm rflxF b'Mv / dfgl;s kL8f af]s/] lxF8g\ afWo x'G5 . To:tf JolQmdf lg/fzf, lrGtf, 8/ qmf]w cflbsf] ljsf; x'g yfN5 . o:tf] cj:yf a9\b} uP/ lbUbf/L, a}/fUokg, e|d, e|flGt, lrGtf cflb nIf0fx¿ b]lvg' g} pbfl;kg xf] . o:tf s'/fx¿ dgdf v]nfpg' / Jojxf/df ;d]t b]lvg' dfgl;s /f]u Go'/f]l;; xf] . l8k|z ] g a9\b} hfFbf dflg; cfTdxTof ug]{ k|of; ;d]t ug{ k'U5 . ut bzsdf dfq sl/a Ps nfv a]nfotL dflg;n] cfTdxTofsf] k|of; k|yd kfOnf

u/]sf] tYof+s e]l6G5 . g]kfndf klg &) k|ltzt dflg; s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf lrGtfn] u|l;t ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . o:tf] uDeL/ vfnsf] dflg;nfO{ l;sf/ agfpg] l8k|z ] g jf pbfl;kgaf6 aRg / arfpg o;af/] hfgsf/ x'g' clt cfjZos / pkof]uL x'G5 . o;sf] sf/0f, nIf0f lgbfg / pkrf/ af/] oxfF 5f]6s/Ldf rrf{ ul/G5 .

pbfl;kgsf sf/0fx¿ JolQmut hLjgdf 36]sf dgdf 3t nfUg] b'MvbfoL, cK7]/f] Pj+ tgfjo'Qm If0f l8k|z ] gsf sf/s tTj x'g\ . k|d ] , lj5f]8, cfly{s cj:yf, ;DaGwdf lr;f]kgf, d[To'sf] va/, k/LIffdf c;kmntf, hflu/ vf]l;g', cflb s]xL sf/0f x'g ;S5g\ . bL3{/f]u, c;Qmtf, a'9o\ f}nLkgfn] klg l8k|z ] g lgDTofpg ;S5g\ . dlitissf ljleGg /f]u, xdf]{gsf] dfqfdf u8a9L, ljleGg /f]usf] ;+qmd0f, j+zfg'ut k|efj, SofG;/ Pj+ s]xL /f]usf] cf}ifwLsf] ;]jgn] klg d'Vot l8k|z ] g x'G5 . 5f/]/f]u, yfO/jfO8 uGy|Lsf] ;d:of, Hj/f],

JolQm;Fu ul/g] ;f]wk'5 laz]if lsl;dsf] x'G5 . To;sf nflu dfgl;s /f]u ljz]if1 lgs} vlKk; x'G5g\ . la/fdLnfO{ cf/fd lbg'k5{ . la/fdLsf] lglDt 8fS6/n] ;fyLh:t} Jojxf/ ul/ h/f] kQf nufpg] sf]l;; ug'k{ 5{ . hLjgdf 36]sf 36gfnfO{ k|fs[lts dfGg'k5{ . dfG5]sf] hLjgdf cflb / cGTo ckl/xfo{ x'g,\ ;+3if{ ug{ ;Sg' / Jojxf/df vfl/g o;sf nIf0fx¿ sltko s'/f ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ dfq yfxf x'G5 eg] ;Sg' g} 7"nf] s'/f xf] eGb} lrlsT;ssf] sfplG;lnË ub{5g\ . ] gsf] pkrf/ sltko c¿n] klg b]Vg ;S5g\ . dfgl;s Pj+ zfl//Ls l8k|z sfplG;lnª ug's { f cltl/Qm l8k|z ] gsf] cf}ifwL k|of]u k|efj b'an } ] /f]u uf9]sf] x'G5 . ljxfg / a]ns ' L ;a}eGbf a9L dg lalu|G5, d'8 v/fa x'G5 . hLjg lg/fz nfU5, s;}kl| t klg cfjZos x'g ;S5 . ;fdfGo l8k|]zgdf efjgfTds ¿rL jf rf;f] nfUb}g . cfk\mgf] hGd a]sf/ jf k[YjLnfO{ ef/ 9f8\; k|d'v dflgG5 . la/fdLsf dfG5]nfO{ eg] p;sf ePh:tf] nfU5 . cfTdljZjf; /lQe/ x'bF g} , cfkm" d'NoxLg nIf0f ;fFRr} x'g eg]/ elgG5, tfls p k|lt /fd|f] ;b\efj h:tf] nfU5 . n3'tfef;sf] cg'el" t x'G5 . cfkm"n] cfkm}nfO{ sfod /lx/xf];\ . 6fpsf], k]6 b'v]df ;fdfGo cf}ifwL lbg ;lsG5 . s8f l8k|]zgdf eg] lrlsT;ssf] ;xof]u ufnL u5{g\ . zfl//Ls kl/jt{g glhssf ;fyLefO{ Pj+ ckl/xfo{ dflgG5 . la/fdLsf] ljz]if x]/rfx ug'{k5{ . kl/jf/hgn] x]Ssf ug{ ;S5g\ . /ftL lgGb|f gnfUg ;S5 / cfTdxTof ug'{af6 arfpg'k5{ . la/fdLnfO{ PSn} 5f8\g' laxfg rfF8f] g} lgGb|f v'N5 . cfn:o x'g,] 6fpsf] b'Vg] Pj+ d'v{tf 7xl/G5 . o:tf la/fdLnfO{ k|of]u ul/g] ljleGg vf]sL nfU5 . To:t} l/+u6f nfUg], hLp emd\emdfP/ kf]nh ] :tf] ;d'xsf cf}ifwL 5g\ . h;df ofldl6«lK6lng, Oldk|fldg, cg'ej x'g ;S5 . crDdsf] s'/f, 8fS6/n] zf/Ll/s k/LIf0f n'h]lS6g, Kof/f]h]l6g, km]g]lGhg, d]6f]h]lkg s]xL cf}ifwL ubf{ s'g} ljsf/, v/faL eg] kQf nufpg ;Sb}gg\ . sDtLdf x'g\ . dfqf cjlw cf}ifwLsf] lsl;d la/fdLsf] cj:yf dflysf tLgj6f zf/Ll/s nIf0f x'bF f l8k|z ] gsf] /f]uL eGg x]/]/ lrlsT;sn] lgSof]{n u5{ . lrlsT;ssf] sfplG;lnË ;lsG5 . ef]s gnfUg', slAhot x'g,' tf}n u8a8 x'g,' / ;Nnfx adf]lhd dfq cf}ifwL ;]jg u'g{ kb{5 . cf}ifwLsf] :d/0fzlQmdf x|f; cfpg', of}gOR5f x/fpg' cGo nIf0f x'g\ . k|efj lg/Gt/ tf}lng' k5{ . d'v ;'Sg], n¶ jf emDd kfg]{, o;sf] lgbfg 6fpsf] b'Vg], 3'dfpg], kfrg k|0ffndf u8a8 x'g], l8k|z ] g uDeL/ /f]u xf] . of] e';sf] cfuf]h:tf] ;lNsO{ cf}ifwLsf gsf/fTds k|efj x'g\ . cf}ifwLsf] dfq k'¥ofP/ sfnfGt/df hLjgnfO{ g} :jfx kfg{;S5 . JolQm;Fu jf 5f]8\bf, dfqf 36fpFb} dfq 5f]8\g'kg]{ x'G5 . h;nfO{ kl/jf/hg;Fu la/fdLsf] af/]df ;f]wk'5 ug'k{ 5{ . o:tf lrlsT;sn] æ6\ofkl/h 8f]hÆ eGb5g\ .

6fOkmfO8 Pj+ dl:tisdf tGt' knfpg' -6\od " /_ ;a}n] a' e m\ g ;Sg] k| d ' v sf/0fx¿ x' g \ . ldyfOn 8f] k f, km]gf]yfPlhg, OG6/km]g, ue{lg/f]ws rSsLn] klg lbSbf/Lkg Nofpg ;S5g\ . oL ;a} sf/0fn] dl:tisdf k|ToIf, ck|ToIf k|efj kf/]s} x'G5 .

;fj{hlgs ;"rgf tyf z'esfdgf hGdbtf{, afnaflnsfsf] klxnf] clwsf/ xf] . hGd, d[To', ljjfx, a;fO{;/fO{ / ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] 36gfnfO{ cfk\mgf] uflj; sfof{nodf 36gf 36]sf] #% lbgleq btf{ u/f}+ / k|zf;lgs emGem6af6 arf}+ .

xl/tflnsf tLhsf] z'esfdgf lxGb' dlxnfx?sf] dxfg kj{ ‘xl/ tflnsf tLh’ sf] pknIodf xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

uf=lj=;= ;lrj

hf]/kf6L uf=lj=;=, sf7df8f}+ k|yd kfOnf

hLjgz}nL

ofbj k|;fb sF8n] nfu'kbfy{sf] k|of]u g]kfn dfq} geO{ ;f/f ;+;f/sf] ;femf ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf b]vf k/]sf] 5 . ljZjdf nfu'kbfy{sf] k|of]ustf{sf] ;+Vof nfvf}+ 5 . h;dWo] g]kfndf dfq} o;sf] ;+Vof sl/a krf; xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . vf;u/L ljsl;t tyf ljsf;zLn ;dfhdf Aofks ¿kdf /x]sf] nfu'kbfy{sf] k|of]u xfnsf lbgx¿df u|fdL0f If]qx¿df klg tLa|¿kn] km}lng] qmddf /x]sf] 5 . h;n] Psftkm{ ;dfhsf] hgzlQmnfO{ la:tf/} vf]qmf] agfpFb} 5 eg]

b'¿kof]u nfu' cf}ifw b'Jo{;gsf] k|dv ' ¿k xf] . g]kfndf klxnf]k6s nfu' ePsf] nfu'cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g @)## n] ufFhf / cf}ifwf]kof]uL ufFhf, clkmd, tof/L clkmd, cf}ifwf]kof]uL clkmd, sf]sfsf] emf/ tyf kft, sf]sf / clkmdsf] ;f/tTj, ld>0f jf nj0f ;d]t ld;fP/ tof/ kfl/g] s'g} kbfy{, g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;do;dodf g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]lslbPsf k|fs[lts jf s[lqd nfu'cf}ifw / ltgsf] nj0f / cGo kbfy{nfO{ nfu'cf}ifwsf] ¿kdf AofVof u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g !(*@ sf] kl/efiff cg';f/ nfu'cf}ifw s'g} klg lsl;dsf] /f;folgs kbfy{ xf] h'g :j:y z/L/sf nflu k|of]u ug'{ cfjZos 5}g / o;sf] k|of]un] zf/Ll/s jf

nfu'kbfy{ / o'jf csf]t{ km{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff tyf ;dfh Joj:yfkgdf 7"nf] r'gf}tL pTkGg ePsf] 5 . s'g} klg a:t' h;nfO{ ;]jg jf k|of]u ubf{ :gfo' k|0ffnLdf k|ToIf c;/ u/L r]tgf zlQmnfO{ Ifl0fs cyjf nfdf] ;do;Dd IfL0f agfpF5 To:tf] j:t'nfO{ ;fdfGo cy{df nfu" cf}ifw elgG5 . h;sf] kl/efiff ljleGg b]zsf sfg"g, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;:yf, ljleGg k':ts tyf u|Gyx¿df ljleGg z}nLdf ul/Psf 5g\ . jt{dfg ;dodf ljleGg cf}ifwL tyf /;foghGo a:t'sf] clgolGqt k|yd kfOnf

dfgl;s sfo{df g} kl/jt{g Nofpg ;Qm5 . o; lx;fan] nfu'cf}ifw s'g} klg cf}ifwL h;sf] ;]jg jf k|of]usf] sf/0fn] s]Gb|Lo :gfo' k|0ffnLdf k|efj kfb{5 / o;n] ubf{ p;sf] efjgf tyf ;f]rfOdf kl/jt{g NofpF5 eg] To;nfO{ nfu'cf}ifw dfGg ;lsG5 . nfu'cf}ifwsf] k|of]u ;dfhsf ;Dk"0f{ pd]/ tyf pd]/ ;d'xx¿df km}lnPsf] 5 . lj=;+= @)^# ;fndf s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefun] g]kfndf s8f nfu'cf}ifw k|of]u ;DaGwL lj:t[t cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . 24

h;cg';f/ s'n nfu'kbfy{sf] k|of]ustf{dWo] sl/a %@=% k|ltzt nfu'kbfy{ k|of]ustf{x¿ !% jif{bl] v @$ jif{;Ddsf 5g\ . o:t} @$ jif{ b]lv @( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf nfu'kbfy{ k|of]ustf{x¿ $@ k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . !% jif{eGbf klxn] nfu' kbfy{ b'Jo{;gdf nfUg]x¿ $@ k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . pknAw tYof+snfO{ x]bf{ sl/a tLg rf}yfO{ nfu"kbfy{sf k|of]ustf{x¿ #) jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf 5g\ . To:t} sl/a (!=# k|ltzt nfu'kbfy{ k|of]ustf{x¿n] @% aif{eGbf sd pd]/af6 g} nfu'kbfy{ k|of]u ug{ ;'¿jft ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5. nfu'kbfy{sf ax';V+ os k|of]ustf{ o'jfx¿ 5g\ . o;n] o'jf k':tfnfO{ e';sf] cfuf] h:t} leqleq} ;NsfP/ aaf{b agfO/x]sf] 5 . hLjgdf Pp6f ;kmn gful/s ag]/ 3/ kl/jf/ ;dfh / b]zsf] ;]jf ug]{ ;kgf etfe"u+ kfl/lbPsf] 5 . o;/L leqleq} e';sf] cfuf] ;lNsPsf] h:t} nfu' kbfy{sf] b'Jo{;g km}lng'df ljleGg sf/0fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . h;sf] c;/ k|ToIf jf k/f]If ¿kdf kl/jf/, ;dfh, dfgj ;Eotf, b]z / k|of]ustf{ :jo+sf] hLjgdf b]vf kb{5g\ . xfd|f] ;dfhsf sltko ;d'bfodf dlb/f ;]jf tyf w'dkfgnfO{ ljleGg ;fdflhs sfo{ tyf wd{ ;+:s[lt;Fu hf]8]/ lng] ul/G5 . o:t} lxGb' wd{ dfgg] ;d'bfodf lzj/fqLdf efª tyf ufFhf k|;fbsf] ¿kdf lng] rng 5 eg] O:nfd wd{n] klg clkmdsf] ;]jgnfO{ ;fdfGo ¿kdf lnPsf] 5 . ljleGg ef]het]/ tyf ;f+:s[lts / wfld{s cj;/x¿df clgjfo{ ;]jg tyf k|of]usf] sf/0fn] o; ;xh tyf ;j{JofkL ag]sf] 5 . nfu'kbfy{ b'Jo{;gLdf ljz]if u/L o'jf tyf lszf]/ lszf]/L km:g'df ltgLx¿sf] jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0f sf/s /x] s f] 5 . 5f] / f5f] / Lx¿sf] plrt x] / ljrf/ gug' { , cfjZostf eGbf a9L jf dfu] hlt k};f lbg', kl/jf/df cfdf afa' aLrdf a}dg:o x'g,' cfkm\gf bfh'efO{ lbbL alxgLeGbf km/s Jojxf/ kfpg', 5f]/f5f]/Ls} cufl8 dBkfg tyf w"dkfg ug',{ 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ cfdfafa'af6 nfdf] ;do;Dd 6f9f /fVg' tyf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] cfjZostf, pd]/ Pj+ aflx/L jftfj/0fsf] tf/tDo ldnfpg g;Sg' h:tf kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0fx¿n] ubf{ o'jfx¿ Nfu'kbfy{ k|of]usf] s'nttkm{ ws]ln/x]sf 5g\ . ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf tyf /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, tyf kqklqsf v'n]cfd ul/g] cfsif{s k|yd kfOnf

lj1fkgx¿n] klg nfu'cf}ifwk|ltsf] rf;f] / v'nb'nL a9fPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;x/L If]qdf cfw'lgstfsf] gfddf km}lnPsf] l8:sf], gfO6 Sna, bf]xf]/L ;fFem / To:tf 7fpFdf k|of]u / ;]jg x'g] w"dkfg, dBkfg tyf nfu"cf}ifwn] vf;u/L o'jf k':tfnfO{ g/fd|/L k|efljt ub}{ nu]sf] 5 . nfu'cf}ifw ;]jg ug]{ ;fyLx¿sf] ;+utdf km;]/ bf}t+ /Lx¿sf] unt bafa / cfu|xnfO{ gfO{ eGg g;Sbf klg sltko o'jf o;sf] s'ntdf efl;g] u/]sf 5g\ . a9\bf] pd]/df x'g] pRr lh1f;' :jefj / ;xL hfgsf/Lsf] cefjsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ klg nfu' kbfy{sf] ;]jg / k|of]u a9]sf] 5 . lg/fzf, ;sf/fTds pTk|/] 0ffsf] sdL, dlb/f tyf ;'tL{hGo a:t'sf] v'Nnf ahf/ Pj+ nfu'cf}ifwsf] ;xh kx'r F n] o'jfx¿nfO{ nfu'kbfy{sf] r+un ' df km;fPsf] 5 . o'jf lszf]/lszf]/Ldf PSnf]kg / kfl/jfl/s cJoj:yfsf] sf/0fn] nfu'cf}ifwsf] k|of]u lbgfg'lbg a9\b} 5 . nfu'cf}ifwsf] k|of]un] s'g} b[li6af6 x]bf{ klg dflg;sf] nflu kmfObfhgs 5}g . o;sf] k|of]un] ljleGg lsl;dsf zfl/l/s, dfgl;s tyf ;fdflhs ;d:ofx¿ ;[hgf ub{5 . nfu'cf}ifwsf] k|of]un] ubf{ lgDgfg';f/sf zf/Ll/s tyf ;fdflhs ;d:ofx¿ b]vf kb{5g\ .

:gfo" k|0ffnLdf c;/ nfu'cf}ifwsf] k|of]un] k|of]ustf{sf] :gfo' k|0ffnLdf k|ToIf k|efj kfb{5 . kmn:j¿k c+ux¿ aLrdf c;Gt'ng, r]tgf Ifo, efuz"Gotf tyf Psfu|tf gx'g,] clgGb|f, ckr, lrGtf, :d/0f zlQmdf x|f;, dlte|d, e|flGt, ljifb tyf dgf]ljlIflKt h:tf c;/x¿ b]vfkb{5g\ .

/Qm;+rf/ k|0ffnLdf c;/ nfu'cf}ifwsf] k|of]un] kl/wLo /QmgnLsf] lj:tf/, d'6s ' f] ultdf 36a9, pRr /Qmrfk x'g ;Sb5 tyf x[bo 3ftsf] sf/0fn] k|of]ustf{sf] Hofg} klg hfg ;S5 .

Zjf;k|Zjf; k|0ffnLdf c;/ nfu'cf}ifwsf k|of]ustf{x¿nfO{ hL0f{ vf]sL, hL0f{ ZjfzgnL zf]w tyf ZjfzgnL / kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ h:tf hl6n /f]ux¿ nfUg ;Sb5g\ .

kfrg k|0ffnLdf c;/ nfu'kbfy{sf] s'ntdf km;]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ vfg dg gnfUg], ckr, slAhot, Uofli6s, sdnlkQ, x]kf6fOl6; aL, ;L / cfdfzo tyf cfGb|fsf] SofG;/h:tf /f]ux¿ nfUg ;Sb5g\ . h;n] kfrg k|lqmofnfO{ gsf/fTds k|efj kfb{5 . 25

k|hgg k|0ffnLdf c;/ tyf of}g /f]ux¿ nfu'kbfy{sf] k|of]usf] sf/0fn] ubf{ k'¿if tyf dlxnfdf ljleGg lsl;dsf of}g ;d:ofx¿ h:t} clgoldt dlxgfaf/L, afFemf]kg, af/Daf/ ue{ktg, tyf gk'z + stf b]vf kb{5g\ . nfu'kbfy{sf k|of]ustf{x¿ aLr x'g] c;'/lIft of}g ;Dks{ tyf l;l/Gh ;f6f;f6sf] dfWodåf/f PrcfOeL P8\;sf] ;+qmd0f ;d]t x'g;S5 .

zf/Ll/s agfj6 tyf ;+/rgfdf k|efj nfu' kbfy{sf] k|of]un] dfgj z/L/sf] agfj6 / ;+/rgfsf ;d]t ljleGg k|sf/sf hl6n c;/ kf/]sf] kfOG5 . z/L/ ;'Sb} hfg], xf8 5fnf dfq b]lvg], ef]s gnfUg] o;sf k|ToIf c;/x¿ x'g\ . pNn]lvt zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ;d:ofsf ;fy;fy} nfu'kbfy{ b'Jo{;gsf] sf/0fn] ljleGg ;fdflhs Pj+ cfly{s ;d:ofx¿ pTkGg x'g ;Sb5g\ . nfu'kbfy{sf] b'Ao{;gLdf ePsf] a[l4;Fu} ;dfhdf rf]/L, 8s}tL, xTof, lx+;fdf a[l4 ePsf] 5 . o;n] ;dfhdf cGt/ JolQm ;DaGwdf lr;f]kg Nofpg'sf ;fydf kfl/jfl/s snx, å]z / lx+;f klg km}lnPsf] 5 . ;f+:s[lts tyf wfld{s ;df/f]xdf a9\bf] dBkfg, w"dkfg tyf cGo nfu'kbfy{sf] ;]jg / k|of]un] o:tf ;df/f]xsf] k/Dk/fut d"No dfGotf cf]em]n k/]sf 5g\ ;fy} ;dfhdf ljs[ l t k} b f u/] s f] 5 . nfu' c f} i fw k|of]ustf{x¿n] cWoog tyf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ;Lk xfl;n ug{ g;Sg] ePsfn] pgLx¿ cfly{s ¿kdf k"0f{¿kn]

k/lge{/ /xG5g\ . nfu' cf}ifwsf] k|of]udf x'g] 7"nf] wg/flzsf] sf/0fn] pgLx¿sf] tyf cfl>t kl/jf/sf] cfly{s l:ylt lg/Gt/ lu/]/ w/fzfoL l:yltdf k'Ug] u/sf] 5g\ . ofjt\ ljleGg gsf/fTds c;/sf ;fydf lasl;t nfu'kbfy{ ;]jgsf] ntn] cfh ;Dk"0f{ ljZj cfqmfGt 5 . a;]{gL s/f]8f}+ dflg;x¿ csfnd} d[To'sf] l;sf/ aGg afWo 5g\ . dfgj ;Eotfsf eljiosf cfwf/:tDe cfh nfu'cf}ifwsf] s'ntsf sf/0f nl¶P/ a;] eg] b]z tyf ;dfhsf] eljio s] xf]nf < To;sf/0fn] ubf{ cfhsf] ;fgf] lgodg / cg'udg g} eljio lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ aGg ;S5 To;sf/0fn] ubf{ o'jfk':tfnfO{ nfu'kbfy{sf] hfnf]af6 arfpg kl/jf/, ;dfh tyf /fHosf tkm{af6 ;d'lrt Wofg lbg' g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . o;k|sf/sf] x]/rfx ljz]iftM kl/jf/af6 g} x'g'kb{5, kl/jf/df lszf]/ lszf]/Lsf] Jojxf/ cWoog, ;do ;fk]If, Jojxf/, ckgTjsf] efjgf ljsf;, lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf] efjgf ljsf; g} kfl/jfl/s pQ/bfloTj x' g cfpF 5 eg] ;fdflhs lx;fan] ubf{ ;dfhdf lszf]/ lszf]/LnfO{ ul/g] Jojxf/, ;Ddfg / cl:tTjsf] efj pQ/bfoL /xG5g\ eg] /fHosf tkm{af6 nfu'cf}ifwsf] pTkfbg, cf];f/k;f/, lj1fkg / k|of]udf s8fOsf ;fydf lgodg, cg'udg / sf/jfxL g} o'jf k':tfnfO{ nflu cf}ifwLsf] b'irqmaf6 arfpg] cfwf/ x'g\ .

gful/s nufgL sf]if4f/f ;+rflnt lgDg sfo{qmdx?df ;xefuL eO{ eljiosf] nflu art u/f}+ sd{rf/L art a[l4 cjsfz sf]if @)%^ df ;xefuL eO{ art ubf{ kfOg] kmfObfx? – – – – – – – –

aflif{s &=%) k|ltzt Aofhb/ kfOg], art u/]sf] @ jif{ kl5 art /sdsf] *) k|ltzt ;fk6L lng kfOg], ;x'lnot Aofhb/ !)=%) k|ltzt cfjsfzshf{ kfO{g,] tnasf] PsltxfO{ /sddf cfos/ 5'6 ;'ljwf kfOg], tnasf] % b]lv ## k|ltzt ;Dd s§L ug{ kfO{g,] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz kl5 Psd'i6 /sd kfOg], h'g;'s} a}s + sf zfvf sfof{nox?af6 /sd hDdf ug{ ;lsg], Jofn]G; ;l6{lkms]6 lng ;lsg],

gful/s Psf+s + L of]hgf, @)%@ vl/b ubf{ kfOg] kmfObfx? – ;'/lIft art, cfsif{s Aofhb/df nufgL ug]{ ;'gf}nf] cj;/, – cToflws t/ntfsf] ;'ljwf ePsf], – aflif{s ( k|ltzt Aofh kfOg], – h'g;'s} ;dodf vl/b tyf laqmL ug{ ;lsg] . – artsf] k|df0fkq kfOg], – Aofn]G; ;l6{lkms]6 lng ;lsg] .

cfh}bl] v ;xefuL eO{ art ug]{ afgL a;fnf}+

gful/s nufgL sf]if gofF afg]Zj/, sf7df8f},+ kf]i6 aS; g+= %*@#, kmf]gM )!–$&*%#!(, $&*%#@% km\ofS;M )!–$&*%#@), O{–d]nM cit@htp.com.np j]e;fO6M www.nlk.org.np

k|yd kfOnf

dfgl;s :jf:Yo

dgf] /f]usf 5n ug]{ ?kx? o; n]vdf cfd dflg;nfO{ nIf0f, :jefj / k|sl[ tsf sf/0f cNdNofpg], bf]wf/df kfg]{ / 5n ug]{ dgf]/f]usf ljljw ?kx?sf af/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 . cfÎgf gflgn] lbglbg} cf]5Ø \ fgdf lk;fa km]g{] u5{ / lbSs nfU5 eg] slQnfO{ of] s'g} ljdf/L x'g;S5 eGg] nfU5 Û a'9Ø \ f}nLdf :d+/0fzlSt sd x'b“ } uPsf afh]n] x'b“" } gePsf] s'/fdf z+sf u/]/ cl• ln+bf w]/n } ] pxf“sf] pd]/nfO{ bf]if b]nfg\ . cs:dft\ >Ldfg laTbf dlxgf}+ lg/f; x'g] sfsLsf] cj:yfnfO{ slQn] ;fdfGo dfGnfg\ eg] sltn] dg sdhf]/ ePsL jf ;fx; gePsL cfOdfO{ eGnfg\ . ;fyLefO{x?sf] nxnx}df nfu]/ vfg z'? u/]sf] efO{sf] /lS;, g;f jf uf“hf wf]Sg] ;d:ofaf/] w]/s } f] dt xf]nfM pm v/fa dfG5] xf], rl/q lau]s | f] 5, afgL k/]sf] xf] . ljgfsf/0f, ljgf /f]u a]nfa]nf dg{ nfu] egL cflQg], 56\kl6g] ;fyLnfO{ w]/}k6s Odh{G] ;Ldf jf cGo ljz]if1nfO{ b]vfp“bf s'g} zfl//Ls /f]u 7Dofpg g;s]/ xfdLdWo] w]/} xtf]T;flxt ePsf] x'g;S5 . s]lx ;d:of kbf{ d'5f{ kg],{ sfDg], aSg] sfG5LnfO{ x/]s kN6 a]xf]; x'b“ f c:ktfn / wfdL ´fqmLsxf“ bf}8fp“bf bf}8fp“bf kl/jf/hg cflht ePsf] x'g;S5 . a]nfa]nf km"lt{ u/]/ dSv kg]{ wSs' nufpg] l5d]sL xf];\ jf cgf}7f] larf/ / Jojxf/ ug]{ gft]bf/ jf s}of}+ lrlsT;s b]vfp“bf klg /f]u gv'l§P/ 6fpsf], k]6 b'Vg] jf s'g} cGo zfl//Ls nIf0fn] cflht efph" xf];\ jf x'g;S5, Pp6} s'/f dgdf k|yd kfOnf

8f= wg/Tg zfSo :gfo' tyf dgf]/f]u ljz]if1

clgolGqt ?kdf af/Daf/ bf]xf]l/P/ lg+b x/fd x'g] cfÎg} cj:yf Û xfdLdWo] slQnfO{ o:tf ;d:ofx? s'g} dfgl;s /f]un] x'G5 / To:tf cj:yfdf pkrf/sf] h?/t k5{ eGbf lrQ a'‰nf Û s'g} :jf:YosdL{ jf JolQmaf6 dfgl;s ;d:of eGg] gfd dfq ;'Gbf klg w]/n } fO{ kRb}g . of] o:tf] dfG5], o;nfO{ klg o:tf] xf]nf / Û p;nfO{ To:tf] kf] ePsf] t xf];} gePsf] jf To:t} ePsf] jf v':s]sf] t x}g lg Û o:tf cleJolStx? xfd| f jf:tljstf x' g \ . o:tf ;d:ofx?af/] w]/}nfO{ yfxf gx'g;S5 . slQnfO{ l/; p7\nf . xtf]T;fxL, lg/f; jf 56\ k l6 xf] n f s;} n fO{ . sltnfO{ nf]snfh / cK7]/f] x'gyfN5, c?nfO{ yfxf xf]nf eGg] csf]{ lrGtf ylkG5 . ;DalGwt ljz]if1nfO{ e]6g\ ] ;Nnfx g} cfp“ b f klg lxlRsrfP/ a;]sf x'g;S5g\ . o:tf ;d:ofdf zfl//Ls nIf0fx?sf] xfjL ePdf t ´g\ w]/n } fO{ ljZjf;} ug{ ufx|f] k5{ ls p;nfO{ klg s'g} vfnsf] dgf]/f]un] ;tfO/x]5 Û c´ sltko /f]udf cfkm"nfO{ e}/x]sf] ;d:ofsf] k§f] gx'g' nIf0fs} ?kdf /xG5 eGbf ´g\ sltnfO{ lrQ a'‰nf Û jf:tjdf, s'g} klg ;dfhsf] !%–#% k|ltzt dflg;nfO{ s'g} g s'g} / em08} @ k|ltztnfO{ uDeL/ vfnsf] dgf]/f]u x'gu] 5{ . w]/} dflg;nfO{ ljsnf+u agfpg] ljZjsf !) k|dv ' /f]ux?df % j6f dgdl:tis;“u ;DalGwt 27

5g\ . pbfl;g, cflQg], nfu"kbfy{ / g;fsf] s'g} :jf:YosdL{ jf ePsf x'G5g\ . o:tf la/fdLx?sf] cfwf/df b'Jo{;g, l;hf]km| l] gof, 5f/]/f]u, ;':t dgl:ylt, JolQmaf6 dfgl;s y'k|} k}+;fd'vL lSnlgs / gl;{Ë xf]dx? Bipolar affective disorder, zf/Ll/s ?kdf ;d:of eGg] gfd dfq km:6fp5g\ . o;/L w]/} dflg;x? zf/Ll/s k|i6 gx'g] nIf0fx?sf] ljdf/L (somatoform ;'Gbf klg w]/n} fO{ /f]u ljgf klg yl/yl/ zf/Ll/s l;sfot disorders), lx:6]l/of, tgfjhGo nufot kRb}g . of] o:tf] dfG5], lnP/ af“ l r/x] s f x' G 5g\ . dfgl;s afNofj:yf jf lszf]/fj:yfsf dfgl;s o;nfO{ klg o:tf] xf]nf ;d:ofaf/] c1fgtf, cGwljZjf;, lje]b ;d:ofx?sf] df/ w]/} b]lvG5 . oL dgf]/f]ux? / Û p;nfO{ To:tf] kf] JofKt 5Ù kof{Kt dfgl;s :jf:Yo;]jf zf/Ll/s /f]ux? h:t} eofjx ?kdf JofKt ePsf] t xf];} gePsf] jf pknJw 5} g . ´g\ o:tf zfl//Ls 5g\ . To:t} ePsf] jf v':s]sf] nIf0fx?sf] xfjL ePkl5 t dfgl;s dgf]/f]usf] k|sl[ t cg';f/ JolQmsf] t x}g lg Û o:tf ;d:ofu|:t dflg;x? cfÎgf ;d:ofaf/] Jojxf/, ;f]rfO, cg'ej nufotsf dfgl;s cleJolStx? xfd|f cNdlng' c:jfefljs 5}g . lqmofsnfkx?df c;/ ug]{ x'G5 . xfn;Dd jf:tljstf x'g\ . o:tf tfOjfgsf] tfOk] O df ;DkGg s/La kf“r–5–;o yl/ dgf]/f]ux?sf] pNn]v ;d:ofx?af/] w]/n} fO{ Pl;ofnL dgf]lrlsT;sx?sf] bf]>f] ljZj kfOG5 . yl/yl/ ?k ePklg oL ;d:ofx? yfxf gx'g;S5 . e]nfdf o; n]vssf tkm{af6 k|:t't / cGo zfl//Ls /f]ux? h:t} x'gM\ tL ;fdflhs, ;jf{T] s[i6 k'/:sf/af6 ;Ddflgt …dfOu|g] dgf]j1} flgs tTjx?af6 k|efljt ePklg xfd|f dl:tiss} lz/bb{df dfgl;s ;d:ofÚ / …alx/Ë ;]jfdf cGo lrlsT;f u8\a8Ln] pTkGg x'G5g\ . sltko dfgl;s ;d:ofx?df ljefuaf6 k7fOPsf lj/fdLx?df dfgl;s ;d:ofÚ zLif{s zfl//Ls k|lqmofdf u8\a8L, zfl//Ls k|lqmofk|ltsf] zf]wkqx?df o:tf g]kfnL dgf]/f]uLx? lgSs} nfdf] ;dokl5 ;+jb] gfdf kl/jt{g jf cGo sf/0fx?n] ubf{ yl/yl/ zfl//Ls dfq dfgl;s :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kx'r " df k'us ] f] oyfy{ b]lvPsf] l;sfotx? x'g] u5{g\ . w]/} vfnsf dgf]/f]ux?df ef]s, 5 . pbf;Lg, zfl//Ls /f]u ljgf klg zfl//Ls l;sfot lgGb|f, of}g, lb;flk;fj, dfl;swd{ h:tf zfl//Ls x'g] dgf]/f]u (somatoform disorders), cflQg] h:tf k|lqmofx?df u8\a8L b]lvG5g\ . zfl//Ls /f]usf ljleGg dgf]/f]u ePklg pgLx? dgf]lrlsT;s / ;DalGwt nIf0fx?, h:t}– zf/Ll/s kL8f jf b'vfO x'g] -h:t}– ljz]if1sf] ;]jf lng lxlRsrfO/x]sf b]lvG5g\ . ;do;“u;u+} 6fpsf],] 9f8 jf cGo efudf b'Vg]_, jfs\jfsL nfUg], k]6 s]lx cg'sn " kl/jt{g ePklg w]/} o:tf lj/fdLx? pkrf/df 9':; km'Ng], v'§f emd\emd\ x'g,] lr;f] x'g,] z/L/df sdhf]/L l9nfOsf sf/0f cfTdxTof / cGo hl6ntfsf] l;sf/ x'g,] kl;gf–kl;gf x'g] jf cfkm"nfO{ 7"nf] /f]u ePsf] ;lDemg] eO/x]sf b]lvG5g\ . jf cfºgf] z/L/sf] s'g} efudf sdLsdhf]/L ePsf] 7fGg], ca cfP/ l;4 e};s]sf] 5M dgf]/f]u h:nfO{ d'6' 9's9\ s ' \ x'g,] ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] x'g,] 3f“6L v;\v;fpg], klg x'g;S5Ù ljljw / 5nL nIf0fx? lnP/ b]vf k/]klg ;'Sg], ef/L x'g], sfDg], a]xf]; x'g] cflb OToflb klg dgf]/f]ux? pkrf/n] 7Ls x' G5g\ Ù ;lx / pko' St dgf]/f]ux?df b]lvg;S5g\ . o:tf zf/Ll/s nIf0fx?sf] pkrf/n] ;a}vfn] dgf]/f]udf kmfObf x'G5Ù /f]usf] k|s[lt sf/0f lj/fdL cToflws a]rg} /xG5g\ . cfºgf] sfd sfjf{xL x] / L bjfO, dgf] j } 1 flgs, ljh' n Lsf] ;] s jf cGo ug{ c;dy{ x'gk'U5g\ . oL nIf0fx?sf] sf/s /f]usf] lg?k0f t/Lsfx? pkof]uL x' G5g\ Ù lj/fdL, kl/jf/ / cGo / pkrf/df w]/} ;do, ;DklQ / dfgl;s k|oTg vlr{g' ;DalGwt ;a}sf] k|of;df dgf]/f]uLx? c?h:t} pkof]uL k/]sf]xG' 5 . w]/} c? ljifosf lrlsT;sx?sxf“ wfO/x]sf / ;Ddfghgs hLjg af“Rg ;S5g\ . xfn xfd|f] b]zdf x'G5g\ . dlxgf},+ aiff}; +{ Dd klg ofjt\ hf“r–k8tfn, ;j]I{ f0f klg pkrf/;] j f 7fp“ 7 fp“ d f pknJw 5 . To;} n ] , ubf{ klg lrQ a'‰bf] pQ/ kfpg ;ls/x]sf x'"b}gg\ . dfgl;s ;d:ofsf] ljljw 5nL ?k / nIf0fx? ;dod} Psflt/ lrlsT;sx? la/fdLnfO{ s]xL gePsf] lhls/ klxrfg u/L ;lx pkrf/lt/ nfuf}+ . ul//x]sf x'G5g\, la/fdLsf] cToflws lrGtf / ;/f]sf/ (M.D, Neuro-psychiatry) b]v]/ lrlsT;s klg a]r}g x'G5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ nfv (Email- drdhanashakya@yahoo.com) sf]l;;sf] afjh"b cfkm"nfO{ ;~rf] gx"b' f la/fdL sfon k|yd kfOnf

:jf:Yo ;dfrf/

g]kfn d]l8sn sfplG;ndf r'gfjL ;/udL{ lgjf{rg tflnsf k|sflzt eP;Fu g]kfn d]l8sn sfplG;nsf] r'gfjL rxn kxn tyf ;/udL{ tLa| ?kdf a9]/ uPsf] 5 . pd]bjf/x? b]z bf}8fxdf lgl:s;s]sf 5g\ . Pshgf pkfWoIf / cf7 hgf ;b:ox?sf nflu pkTosf aflx/ efb| !) ut] / sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf efb| !$,!% / !^ ut]sf lbg lgjf{rg x'bF 5 } . o;sf nflu g]kfne/ !$ j6f dtbfg s]Gb|x? lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

8f= afF:tf]nfsf] k|lta4tfM !_ lrlsT;sx?sf] ;'/Iff Pj+ cfTd;Ddfg a9fpg'sf ;fy} ‘;dfhsf nflu lrlsT;s lrlsT;ssf nflu ;dfh’ eGg] d"n efjgfnfO{ d"t? { k lbg] . @_ Ps lrlsT;s Ps kb Ps sfo{sfnsf] kl/l:ylt ;[hgf ug]{ . #_ lje]bsf/L klxrfgx?nfO{ s'g} :yfg glbO{ lrlsT;f zf:qsf ljifout klxrfgx?nfO{ cl3 a9fpg] . $_ g] k fn ;/sfn] g] k fn d]l8sn sfplG;nnfO{ pknAw ufpg] dfgj ;+zfwg Pj+ nlhl:6s ;xfotfnfO{ a9fO{ sfplG;nsf] Ifdtfdf clej[l4 ug]{ . %_ ;Dk"0f{ lrlsT;f sn]hx?sf] :t/Lotf a9fO{ :gftsf]Q (M,DM.S) nufot cGo sfo{qmddf lrlsT;s ;+Vofsf] kx'Fr b]z leq} a9fpg] . ^_ ljleGg ljZjljBfno k|lti7fgn] lrlsT;f z'NsnfO{ Ps?ktf Nofpg kxn ug]{ . &_ sfplG;nsf] cg'udgnfO{ :jR5 kf/bzL{ agfpg] . g]kfn d]l8sn sfplG;nsf] pkfWoIf lgjf{rgaf6 lgjf{lrt eP/ cfpg] ePsf]n] of] u/Ldfdo kb xf] . sfplG;nsf cWoIf, /lhi6f/ / ^ hgf ;b:ox? eg] k|yd kfOnf

g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dgf]lgt pd]bjf/n] u/]sf] e} cfpg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . vr{sf] ljj/0f o; k6ssf] lgjf{ r gdf clgjfo{ ?kdf pkfWoIf kbsf nflu ljZj b]vfpg] k|fjwfg ljBfnodf sfo{/t 8f= lbg]z agfpg' kg]{ 8f= afF:tf]nf afF:tf]nf, P=O{= cG;f/L, rGbf atfpg'xG' 5 . pxfF sfsL{, 1fg]Gb| lu/L, efujt cufl8 eGg'x'G5–‘ g]kfn pldb >]i7x? r'gfjL obL o;f] ul/Pg eg] d}bfgdf plqPsf 5g\ . k};f vr{ ug{ g;Sg], To;}uL ;b:o kbsf ;Ifd / Odfgbf/ nflu $@ hgf JolQm slxNo} lrlsT;sx? r' g fjL g]tT[ jdf k'Ug d} b fgdf plqPsf 5g\ . ;Sb}g .’ sfplG;nsf] cl3Nnf lgjf{rgx?df b]lvPsf] h:tf] k};fsf] rnv]n, ef]6sf] lsga]r c:j:y k|ltikwf{ tyf y'g5]ssf] /fhgLltaf6 d'Qm e} o; k6ssf] lgjf{rg :jR5 / dof{lbt x'gk' g]{ 29

rsn]6 d'6s ' f] nflu kmfObfhgs

w]/s } f] dfu /x]sf] 5 . t/ o;k6s klg ;f]r] adf]lhd gx'g] cfz+sf JoQm ug'x{ G' 5 pkfWoIfsf k|Tof;L pd]bjf/ 8f= lbg]z afF:tf]nf . pxfF eGg'xG' 5–… o; k6s klg k};f vr{ u/L r'gfj lhTg] bDe w]/d} f b]lvG5 . tf/] xf]6ndf rsn]6 vfg' :jf:Yosf nflu Toltw]/} /fd|f] dflgFbg} . kf6L{ lbg] >[vn + f z'? e} ;s]sf] 5 . Pp6f pd]bjf/n] u'lnof] rsn]6 w]/F} vfFbf To;n] df]6f]kgsf] ;d:ofnfO{ o;k6s Ps s/f]8;Dd vr{ ug{ ;Sg] pxfF bfjL ug'x{ G' 5 .Ú klg a9fjf lbg] tyf cGo :jf:Yo ;d:of pTkGg ug{ lgjf{rgnfO{ dof{lbt, lgikIf Pj+ c:j:y k|ltikwf{ dfGotf /lxcfPsf] 5 . t/ ofjt\ ljleGg gsf/fTds x'gaf6 /f]Sg s8f cfrf/;+lxtf agfpg' k5{ / cfrf/;+lxtf eGbf a9L vr{ ug{ lbg'xbF' g} . pd]bjf/n] u/]sf] vr{sf] ljj/0f clgjfo{ ?kdf b]vfpg] k|fjwfg agfpg' kg]{ 8f= afF:tf]nf atfpg'xG' 5 . pxfF cufl8 eGg'xG' 5– …obL o;f] ul/Pg eg] k};f vr{ ug{ g;Sg], ;Ifd / Odfgbf/ JolQm slxNo} g]t[Tjdf k'Ug ;Sb}g .Ú 8f= afF:tf]nfh:t} o; k6ssf] lgjf{rg gd"gf lgjf{rg aGg ;sf];\ eGg] w]/s } f] rfxgf 5 . cfufdL d+;L/ $ ut] x'g] elgPsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu ;d]t sfplG;nsf] of] lgjf{rg gd"gf eP/ b]vfpg' k5{ . o;sf nflu ;a} lrlsT;sx?n] kxn ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

a}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf hfg]x?sf nflu d]l8sn ug]{ e/kbf]{ 7fpF

k|yd kfOnf

k|efjsf cnfjf rsn]6 d'6s ' f] :jf:Yosf nflu lgs} kmfObfhgs /x]sf] tYo km]nf k/]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf]k6s ePsf] Ps cWoogn] rsn]6sf] lgoldt ;]jgn] dflg;nfO{ x[bof3ftaf6 arfpg] b]vfPsf] 5 . l:j8]gdf ul/Psf] o:tf] cWoogn] rsn]6 vfg] dflg;df x[bof3ftsf] ;d:of tyf vt/f sd /x]sf] b]vfPsf] xf] . em08} #& xhf/ l:jl8;x?df ul/Psf] cWoogsf qmddf ;a}hgfnfO{ pgLx?sf] rsn]6 vfg] afgL tyf :jf:Yosf] af/]df k|Zg ul/Psf] lyof] . em08} Ps bzs;Ddsf] o:tf] cWoogsf] glthfn] lgoldt rsn]6 vfg] cyf{t\ lbgdf Pp6f rsn]6 vfg] dflg;df x[bof3ftsf] ;d:of !& k|ltzt sd kfOof] . cg';Gwfgstf{dWo]sL Ps k|fWofkssf cg';f/ rsn]6df x'g] Unflegf]O; eGg] tTjn] d'6n ' fO{ :j:y /fVg ;xof]u u5{ . of] tTjdf x'g] PG6L clS;8]G6, PG6L Snl6ª tyf PG6L OGSnfd]6/L u'0fsf sf/0f d'6' tyf /ut;DalGw /f]u nfUgaf6 arfpF5 . lgoldt rsn]6sf] ;]jgn] /utdf sf]n:] 6]/f]nsf] dfqf tyf pRr /Strfk sd ug{ ;d]t ;3fp k¥ofpg] atfOPsf] 5 . t/ w]/} lrgL tyf lrNnf] ePsf] rsn]6sf] a9L ;]jg ubf{ :jf:Yosf nflu xflgsf/s x'g] lj1x?sf] egfO{ 5 . 30

:jf:Yo ;d:of

yfO/fO8 u|GyL ;d:ofk|lt

;r]t /xf}+ 8f= k|zfGt ld> s] tkfO{n + fO{ *–!) 3G6f ;'t] klg lbge/ lgGb|f gk'us ] f] h:tf] cg'ej x'G5 < jf /flqdf lgGb|f kb}g{ < tkfO{n + ] vfglkg, zfl//Ls cEof;, pkrf/ cflb u/] klg z/L/sf] tf}n k/ljt{g ePsf] 5}g < jf lagfsf/0f crfgs w]/} tf}n 36]sf] jf a9]sf] 5 < s] tkfO{s + f] l8k|; ] g jf lrGtf pSt /f]usf] cf}ifwLn] lgsf] ePsf] 5}g < vfglkgdf kx/]h, cEof; Pj+ cf}ifwLn] klg tkfO{s + f] sf]n:] 6«fn ] 36]sf] 5}g < jf Hofb} Go"g sf]n:] 6«fn ] 5< tkfO{s + f] k/ljf/df s;}nfO{ unufF8, c:jfefljs df]6f]kg jf lgsf] gx'g] 3fF6Lsf] /f]u 5 < s] tkfO{s + f] d}gfjf/L clgoldt, cTolws jf clt cNk 5 < jf ue{jtL x'g ;Sg' ePsf] 5}g < tkfO{n + fO{ s8f tyf bL3{ slAhot 5 < cyjf af/Daf/ lb;f nflu/xg], cf}ifwL u/] klg k]6sf] ;d:of eO/xG5 < s] tkfO+s { f] skfn emg{,] 6'6g\ ,] xfFuf xfNg], ;'Vvf x'g,] cfFvLef}s F f /fF} emg]{ tyf 5fnf kftnf], ;'Vvf, kqkq lg:sg] k|sl[ tsf] 5 < tkfO+sf{ ] 3fF6L ;'lGgPsf] cg'ej x'g,] c;lhnf] tyf s]xL c8\lsPh:tf] x'g,] wf]bf| ] :j/ x'g] jf 3fF6Lsf] u|lGy a9]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 < s] tkfO+s { f] df+;k]zL / hf]gL{ b'Vg] tyf xftv'§f sdhf]/ ePh:tf] nfU5 < olb oL ;dofx? 5g\ eg] tkfO+n { fO{ yfO/fO8;DaGwL /f]u nfu]sf] x'g;S5 . yfO/fO8 u|lGy 3fF6Lsf] cu|efudf ?b|306Lsf] tn cjl:yt x'G5 . pSt u|lGyn] yfO/fO8 xfd{g pTkGg u5{ h;n] xfdLn] vfPsf] kf}li6s tTjnfO{ hLgtTjdf ?kfGt/0f u5{ yfO/fO8 xfd{gn] zfl//Ls zlSt lgodg ug{] c? xfd{g / le6fldgnfO{ z/L/df k|of]u ug]{ / z/L/sf tGt'x?nfO{ j[l4 tyf kl/kSj ug{ k|yd kfOnf

dxTjk"0f{ sfd u5{ yfO/fO8 u|lGysf] sfo{Ifdtfdf u8a8L ePdf ls t k|z:t dfqfdf -cgfjZos ?kdf_ xfd{gsf] pTkfbg x'G5 -xfOk/yfO/fOl8Hd_ ls cToGt Go"g dfqfdf xfd{g pTkfbg x'G5 -xfOkf]yfO/fOl8Hd_ . oL b'j} k|sf/sf] yfO/fO8 ;d:of k'?ifdf eGbf dlxnfdf a9L x'G5 . dl:tisaf6 lk6'6/L u|lGydf yfO/fO8 :l6d'nl] 6 xfd{g -6LP;Pr_ pTkGg x'G5 . pSt 6LP;Pr xfd{g yfO/fO8 u|lGydf k|jz ] u/]/ 6L –# tyf 6L –$ xfd{gx? pTkfbg ug{ pTk|/] ssf] sfd u5{ . yfO/fO8 u|lGynfO{ 6L –# tyf 6L–$ xfd{gx? pTkfbg ug{ k|z:t dfqfdf vfg] cfof]l8g rflxG5 . dlxnf j+zf0f'ut Oltxf; /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtfdf x|f; w'dk| fg, ue{jtL cj:yf, unufF8 tyf 3fF6Ldf w]/} luvf{ ePsf] cj:yf, SofG;/ tyf ljls/0f pkrf/ u/]sfx? … xfOk/yfO/fOl8HdÚ x'g;Sg] hf]lvd ;d"xdf k5{g\ . k|f9} pd]/, dlxnf, j+zf0f'ut Oltxf;, klxn] yfO/fO8;DaGwL /f]u ePsf unufF8, u|lGysf] zNols|of jf ljls/0f lrlsT;f_, bL3{fu] Lx? h:t} dw'dx] , /StcNktf, /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtf sdL ePsf, l9s] g'g ;]jg ug{ …xfOkf]yfO/fOl8HdÚsf] hf]lvd ;d"xdf k5{g\ . ^) jif{eGbf a9Lsf sl/a @) k|ltzt dlxnfnfO{ of] /f]usf s]xL nIf0fx? b]lvG5g\, tLdWo] k|ltjif{ @–% k|ltzt dlxnfnfO{ of] /f]u nfU5 . la/fdLsf] Oltxf;, zfl//Ls k/LIf0f -cfFvf, 5fnf, d'6,' :gfo' k|0ffnL, yfO/fO8 u|lGy_, yfO/fO8 cN6«f;fpG8, jfof]K;L, ;L6L:Sofg, k|lth}ljs k/LIf0f cflb ljljw k/LIf0fx?eGbf /St k/LIf0faf6 of] /f]usf] lgbfg x'G5 . /St k/LIf0fdf olb 6L–#, 6L–$ a9]df / 6LP;Pr 36]df xfOkf]yfO/fOl8Hd kQf nfU5 . 31

To:t}, olb 6L–# / 6L–$ 36]df tyf 6LP;Pr a9]df xfOkf]yfO/fOl8Hdsf] lgbfg x'G5 . :j:y JolStdf tL xfd{gx? 36a9 geO{ ;fdfGo dfqfdf x'G5g\ ;dod} /f]usf] lgbfg u/]/ pkrf/ u/] o; /f]uaf6 aRg ;lsG5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd lgbfg geP/ PSsf;L a]xf]; jf ljiffQm k|efj k/]df o;af6 la/fdL d[To'sf] ;Defjgf %) k|ltzt /xG5 . ;dodf pkrf/ gu/]df xfOk/yfO/fOl8Hdn] d'6' / dl:tisdf c;/ u5{ yfO/fO8 u|lGydf ljiffQm k|efj k5{ pRr /Strfk, 5ftL b'Vg], l56f] / clgoldt d'6s ' f] w8\sg x'g,] ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] x'g,] k]6 b'Vg], jfGtf x'g,] a9L pQ]lht jf lr6lr6fx6, l/+u6f, x[bof3ft tyf r]tgf x/fP/ sf]dfdf hfg] cfs:lds cj:yf{ x'G5 . To:t}, ;dodf lgbfg Pj+ pkrf/ gu/]df xfOkf]yfO/fOl8Hdn] dl:tisdf uDeL/ c;/ u5{ cfGb|fdf cj?4tf x'g,] d'6s ' f] w8\sg clgoldt x'g,] ;+sd| 0f, kmf]S;f] / d'6d' f kfgL hDg], ;f]Rg] zlSt x/fpg], kfunkg, sf]n:] 6«fn ] a9]/ x[bof3ft, kIf3ft, lgGb|fdf :jf;k|Zjf; /f]lsg], la;{] nufotsf dl:tissf /f]ux? nfU5G. k/LIf0fkrf{t\ yfO/fO8 u|lGysf] /f]u b]lvPdf t'?Gt ljz]if1 lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ nfdf] ;do;Dd pkrf/ Pj+ lgoldt ?kdf /St k/LIf0f ug{k' 5{ lrls;f{ lj1fgn] /]l8of]PlS6e, cfof]l8g tyf PG6L yfO/fO8 cf}ifwL / zNols|of -xfOk/yfO/fOl8Hdsf nflu_ / yfO/fO8 xfd{g rSsL -xfOkf]yfO/fOl8Hdsf nflu_ nufotsf ljleGg /f;folgs xfd{gx?sf] k|efjsf/L cfljsf{/ u/]sf] 5 . oL cf}ifwLx? ;j{q pknAw 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} cfjZostf cg';f/ ljz]if pkrf/ tyf nfIfl0fs pkrf/ klg u/Gl5 . o:tf] k|sf/sf] /f]uaf6 aRg] Ps dfq pkfo eg]sf] ;do–;dodf yfO/fO8 xfd{gsf] /Stk/LIf0f ug]{ / /f]u ePdf ;dod} pkrf/ ug{ xf] . To;afx]s cfof]l8go'St g'g tyf vfgf vfg], cgfjZos ?kdf PS;/], ;L6L:sofg cflb k6s–k6s gug],{ tgfj, lrGtf / xtf;nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug],{ w]/} lrof, skmL tyf r'/f]6 gvfg] Pj+ :j:y / ;ls|o hLjgz}nL cjnDag ug{k' 5{ Psftkm{ xfd|f b'ud{ af;L l9s] g'g vfg afWo 5g\ eg] csf]t{ km{ of] /f]u k/LIf0fsf] u|fdL0f tyf b'ud{ If]qdf lj:tf/ gePsfn], hgr]tgf Go"g ePsfn] Pj+ ;/sf/L k|fyldstfdf gk/]sf] x'bF f nfvf}+ g]kfnLn] cfˆgf] /f]u yfx} gkfO{ d[To'j/0f ug{k' g]{ lj8Dagf 5 . ) xfOk/yfO/fOl8Hd PSsfl; w]/} dfqfdf tf}n 36\g,' d'6s ' f] w8\sg tLj| tyf clgoldt x'g' . xtf; tyf lrl/lr/fx6 x'g' . xftx? sfDg' . w]/} kl;gf cfpg' . skfnn] xfFuf xfNg', d}gfjf/L gx'g' jf cNk dfqfdf x'g' . k6s–k6s lb;f nfUg' . ;fdfGo / lr;f] tfks|ddf klg a9L udL{ x'g' . lgGb|f gnfUg' . ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] x'g' . cfFvfx? 7"nf b]lvg' . hf]gL{x? b'Vg' . sdhf]/ cg'ej x'g' . 3fF6Ldf unufF8h:t} a9\g' . -aRrfx?df cWoog Ifdtfdf x|f;, afgL k|yd kfOnf

Jojxf/df ;d:of b]lvg' . d'6s ' f] /f]u ePsf k|f9} nfO{ 5ftL w]/} b'Vg', ;f; km]gu{ fx|f] x'g' . df+;k]zL ljz]if u/L sfFw / hfF3 sdhf]/ x'g' . ) xfOkf]yfO/fOl8Hd skfn / 5fnf ;'vf{ x'g' . gªx? 6'6g\ ÷' em'/f] x'g' . 5fnf kxFn ] f] b]lvg' . c?lr eP klg tf}n a9\g' . ;':t x'g' . 5fnf lr;f] x'g' . lr;f] ;xg g;Sg' . ylst / sdhf]/ x'g' . :d/0f ;d:of, l8k|; ] g tyf Psfu|tfdf sdL x'g' . slAhot x'g' . dlxgfjf/L clgoldt tyf w]/} x'g' . To;afx]s 3fF6Ldf unufF8h:tf] a9\g,' xftv'§f, k}tfnf, d'v tyf cfFvfd'lg ;'lGgg', :j/ wf]bf| ] tyf efl:;Psf] x'g,' df+;k]zLdf kL8f x'g,' afpFl8g', sf]n:] 6«fn ] a8\g' . aRrfx/"df c?lr, j[l4df x|f;, hlG8;, sdhf]/L tyf :d/0fzlStdf x|f; x'g' . s'g} s'g} aRrfdf c:jfefljs tf}n a9\g' tyf of}jgfj:yf l9nf] cfpg] klg x'G5 .

sf/0fx?M s'kf]if0f cfof]l8gsf] cefj yfO/fO8 sfo{Ifdtf x|f;sf] k|dv ' sf/0f xf] . cfof]l8g gld;fPsf] l9s] g'gsf] ;]jg ug{ ;d"xnfO{ of] /f]u a9L nfU5 . To;afx]s sf]bf], l;dL tyf sGbd"n dfq vfg] JolStnfO{ klg of] /f]u w]/} dfqfdf kfOPsf] 5 . tgfj xfd{g pTkfbg tyf lgoGq0f ug]{ sfd dl:tisn] u5{ ;w}F tgfjdf /xFbf xfd{g lgoldt ug{ k|ls|ofn] /fd|f; ] uF sfd ub}g{ . j+zf0f'ut afa'cfdfnfO{ of] /f]u ePdf ;GttLnfO{ klg x'g] ;Defjgf clws x'G5 . yfO/fO8 u|lGysf] ;+/rgfut gi6M b'36{ gf jf rf]6k6saf6 3fF6Ldf uDeL/ c;/ k/]df yfO/fO8sf] ;d:of x'g;S5 . ljls/0f k6sk6s c;'/lIft t/lsfn] 3fF6L, 5ftL, bfFt tyf 6fpsf]sf] PS;/] ubf{ To;sf] k|efj :j?k of] /f]u pTkGg x'g;S5 . Go"g /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtf, bL3{sdhf]/L tyf zf/L/ls tf}nhGo ;d:ofn] klg of] /f]u nfU5 . sl/a $) k|ltzt k|f9} x?nfO{ s'g} g s'g} :t/sf] yfO/fO8 ;d:of nfu]sf] cg'dfg u/lPsf] 5 . o;sf] k|dv ' sf/0f cfof]l8gsf] sdL tyf cTolws df]6f]kgf xf] . df]6f] JolStx? df]6f]kgf 36fpg cg]s pkrf/ u5{g\ t/ yfO/fO8 /f]uaf/] ;r]t /x]sf] b]lvFbg} . u|D] ; l8lhh, unufF8, u|GyL ;'hg, lk6'6/L u|lGysf] 6\o'd/ tyf s]xL d'6' /f]usf cf}ifwLsf] b'ik|efjaf6 xfOk/yfO/fOl8Hd x'G5 . bL3{fu] x? h:t} dw'dx] , n'k;, afy, x]kf6fOl6;, xfl;df]6f] yfO/fO8 ;'hg, s]xL d'6s ' f cf}ifwLx?sf] sf/0f xfOkf]y/] fOl8Hd x'G5 . w]/} luvf{oS' t unufF8, ljiffSt k|efj, yfO/fO8 SofG;/ cflbn] klg yfO/fO8 ;d:of pTkGg x'G5 . 32

g]kfndf :jf:Yo aLdf :jf:Yo aLdf eg]sf] :jf:Yo pkrf/df nfUg] vr{sf] e' Q mfgL ul/g] aLdf xf] . of] s' g } JolQm / aLdf sDkgLalrsf] ;Demf}tf xf]O{g, h;df Tof] JolQmn] sDkgLnfO{ lgoldt ¿kdf -dfl;s, q}dfl;s, c4{aflif{s jf aflif{s_ lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd /sd ltb{5g\ / aLdf sDkgLn] To; afkt To;} cg';f/sf] /sd cf}ifwL pkrf/sf] nflu r'Qmf ug]{ ub{5g\ . :jf:YoaLdf k|bfg ug]{ ;d'xdf ;/sf/, k|fOe]6 aLdf sDkgL, a}s + , c:ktfn cflb x'g ;S5g\ . Oltxf;qmdM

aLdfsf] z'¿jft ;aeGbf klxn] …b'36{ gf aLdfÚ sf] ¿kdf cd]l/sfsf] …k|mfªslng x]Ny P:o'/G] ;Ú sDkgLn] z'¿ u¥of] . of] sDkgLsf] :yfkgf ;g\ !*%) df eof] . o;n] cfk\mgf] ;]jf /]n/f]8 / :6Ld/f]8 b'3{6gfdf k/]sfx¿sf] nflu nlIft u/]sf lyP . ;g\ !*^^ ;Dd cd]l/sfdf ^) j6f ;+:yfx¿n] b'36{ gf aLdf k|bfg ul//x]sf lyP . :jf:Yo aLdf cfpg' eGbf klxn] la/fdLn] cf}ifwL pkrf/ vr{sf] nflu cfk\mg} uf]hLaf6 k};f ltg'k{ Yof]{ . aL;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dWob]lv cGTo;Dd k/Dk/fut ckfËtf aLdf cfw'lgs :jf:Yo aLdfsf] ¿kdf kl/0ft eof] . cfhsf] ;dodf :jf:Yo aLdf cGtu{t ul/Psf] ;a} cf}ifwLx¿

–g/]Gb| s'df/ rf}w/L l;= /]l8of]uf| km/ g]kfn cyf]k{ l] 8s c:ktfn, hf]/kf6L

cflb kb{5g\ . :jf:Yo aLdfsf] cEof;M cGt/fli6«o :t/df :jf:Yo aLdfsf] cEof; klxn]bl] v k|efjsf/L ¿kdf eP klg g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df clxn] ;Dd z'¿ gePsf] eGbf clto'lQm gxf]nf . aLdf P]g @)$( df cfwfl/t ladf lgodfjnL @)$( n] hLjg aLdf / lghL{jg aLdf u/L @ j6f aLdfsf] cjwf/0ff cufl8 Nofof] . xfn g]kfndf y'k}| aLdf sDkgLx¿ 5g\ . ltgLx¿n] ljleGg gofF– gofF of]hgfx¿ NofP/ Ps cfk;df k|lt:kwf{ ub}{ cfk\mgf ;]jfx¿ la:tf/ ub}{ cl3 al9/x]sf 5g\ . xfn cfP/ k]G;g aLdfsf] ;d]t cjwf/0ff cfO;s]sf] 5 . t/ :jf:Yo aLdfsf] of]hgf s'g} klg aLdf sDkgLn] NofPsf] Jojxf/df b]lvb}g . y'k}| aLdf sDkgLn] b'36{ gf aLdf;Fu hf]8/] cf}ifwL pkrf/ vr{ k|bfg ul//x]sf kfOG5g\ . ljleGg ;+–;+:yfn] cfk\mgf] ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx¿ Pj+ ltgsf kl/jf/nfO{ cf}ifwL pkrf/ vr{df cf+lzs ¿kn] cfly{s ;xof]u ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . t/ of] klg clgjfo{ x'bF g} . o;nfO{ s'g} lgod–sfg'gn] afFWg Joj:yf ePsf] :jfYo / ;'/Iff rb;Dd ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ klg cf}ifwL pkrf/df ;x'lnot xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] aL=kL= sf]O/fnf OlG:6Ro"6, w/fgn] :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ nlIft u/L :jf:Yo aLdf k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 t/ o;n] dfq b]zJofkL ¿kdf ;d]6g\ g;Sg] oyfy{tfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 . :jf:Yo aLdfsf] cfjZostfM g]kfn Ps ljsf;zLn b]z xf] . oxfF clxn] klg ax';V+ os hgtfx¿ u/LaLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf 5g\ . ltgLx¿n] cfk\mgf cfwf/e"t cfjZotf;Dd k"lt{ ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf dx+uf] pkrf/ ;]jf lng ;Sg' eg]sf] sfNklgs s'/f dfq x'g5 ] . lbg k|ltlbg k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] gofF gofF d]l8sn k|ljlwx¿ lelq/x]sf 5g\, h'g clt dx+uf] 5g\ . Tolt dfq xf]Og, zx/Ls/0f Pj+ cf}Bf]lusLs/0fn] ubf{ dfG5]sf] hLjgz}nLdf

k|yd kfOnf

g} 7"nf] kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . s'g} g s'g} /f]u jf zf/Ll/s Pj+ dfgl;s ;d:of lnP/ afFRg' afWotf eO;s]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf :jf:Yo aLdf x'g ;s]df s]xL /fxtsf] cg'el" t ug{ ;lsG5 . ;xof]usf] nflu clkn u/]sf] sltko ;dfrf/x¿ klqsf, /]l8of] jf 6LeLdf kfpF5f}+ . To:tf] cj:yfdf ;xof]uL efjgf ePsf sltko dfG5]x¿ jf ;+:yfx¿ cu|;/ x'G5g\ t/ of] ;w} ;+ej x'bF g} / olb ;+ej eP klg ;a}sf] nflu k|efjsf/L gx'g ;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf :jf:Yo aLdf ePdf ;j{;fwf/0fn] tgfjd'Qm eP/ pkrf/ u/fpg ;S5g\ . To;}n] g]kfndf :jf:Yo aLdfsf] clt g} cfjZostf 5. :jf:Yo aLdfsf kmfObfx¿M g]kfndf :jf:Yo aLdf x'g ;s]df lgDg kmfObfx¿ x'g5 ] g\M–

k|yd kfOnf

– :jf:Yo ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]G6L x'g5 ] . – ;j{;fwf/0fsf] nflu cf}ifwL pkrf/df cfly{s ef/ sd x'g5 ] . – ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;dodf pkrf/ u/fpg] 5 . – pkrf/sf] nflu c¿ ;dIf ;xof]usf] clkn ug'{ kb}g{ . – lg/f]uL Pj+ :j:y ;dfhsf] l;h{gf x'g5 ] . cGtdf

g]kfn clxn] gofF ;+ljwfgsf] nflu ;+ljwfg;efsf] k'gM lgjf{rgsf] tof/ qmddf 5 . :jf:Yo aLdf ;DaGwL gLlt lgodx¿nfO{ kfl/t u/fO{ gofF ;+ljwfgdf ;'lglZrt ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 sf]xL klg al~rt x'gk' g]{ 5}g . o;df ;a}sf] ;xof]usf] vfFrf] 5 . ;/sf/L tyf u}/–;/sf/L ;+3–;+:yfx¿ ;lqmo ¿kdf cu|;/ eO{ sfof{Gjoglt/ hf]8 lbg'k5{, clg dfq of] ;Dej 5 .

kf]if0f / :jf:Yo

SofG;/ /f]usf] nflu

n;'g / k'lbgf /Qm;~rf/ / kfrg k|0ffnLsf nflu n;'gn] w]/} dxTj /fV5 . n;'gnfO{ k|fs[lts PlG6afof]l6S; klg dflgG5 . ;Nkm/sf] k|r/' tf / k|lt/Iff k|0ffnL ;an kfg{] ePsfn] b}lgs n;'g vfg] u/]df z/L/nfO{ ;+qmd0f / cGo /f]uJofwLaf6 hf]ufpg w]/} d2t ldN5 . dfgj ljsf;df n;'gsf] pkof]u pkrf/sf nflu x'g] u/]sf] Oltxf; w]/} nfdf] 5 . Ps xhf/ %)) la;L lt/sf] OlhK6sf] Ps b:tfj]hdf @@ j6f cfd :jf:Yo ;d:ofdf n;'gsf] pkof]lutf af/]df a0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . To;tfsf OlhK6df bf;x?nfO{ w]/} n;'g v'jfP/ pgLx?sf] zlQm a9fO{ lk/fld8 agfpgdf nufOg] u/]sf] Oltxf;df al0f{t 5 . ljZjsf cGo ;Eotfdf ;d]t k|frLgsfnb]lv n;'gn] pkrf/ k4ltdf ljz]if :yfg kfPsf] 5 . ljZjdf ;a}lt/ n;'g pTkfbg x'G5 / rLgn] ;a}eGbf clws n;'g lgof{t ub{5 . k|lt/Iff k|0ffnL alnof] agfpgdf n;'g pkof]uL x'G5 . PlNng, PlNn;g, PlNng]hnufotsf ;oeGbf a9L h}ljs ?kdf ;lqmo tTj n;'gdf kfOPsf] 5 . n;'gnfO{ rkfPdf jf vfPdf PlNng / PlNng]h PGhfOd cfk;df ldn]/ /f;folgs k|ltlqmof eO{ PlNnl;g pTkfbg x'G5 . ;Nkm/df cfwfl/t of}lus;Fu} PlNnl;gn] zlQmzfnL PlG6afof]l6S;, PlG6efO/n, PlG6kmËnsf ?kdf sfd u/L k|lt/Iff k|0ffnLnfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 . n;'gn] /Qmrfk lgoGq0fdf Nofpg], sf]n:] 6]/f]n sd ug]{ tYo t w]/} k6s k|:t't eO;s]sf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm, cfdf;o, 7"nf] cfGb|f, :tg / k|f:] 6]6 SofG;/df 6\od " /sf sf]ifx? gi6 ug{df klg n;'gn] of]ubfg ug]{ kfOPsf] 5 . o;df kfOg] ;Nkm/ of}lusn] z/L/af6 kf/f], l;;f, cNd'lgodnufotsf ef/L tTj aflx/ lgsfNg ;xof]u ub{5 . n;'gsf] zlQmzfnL u'0' f k|fKt ug{ o;sf] pkof]u tl/sf klg hfGg' h?/L 5 . n;'gsf] rfgf rkfP/ vfPdf clws kmfObf k'U5 . n;'gnfO{ 6'qmf6'qmf kf/]/ jf lk;]/ cDnLo vfgf;Fu} ksfPdf To;sf] PlNng]h PGhfOd / ;Nkm/ of}lus 36\5 . n;'g w]/} vfPdf z/L/af6 clk|o uGw cfpF5 . z/L/n] lk;fa, kl;gf, lb;f, ;f;af6 n;'gsf] k|yd kfOnf

uGw aflx/ lgsfN5 . cNo'd ;Nkm/ ;d"xsf] lj36gn] ubf{ uGw cfpg] xf] . cNo'd ;Nkm/ ;d"x kr]kl5 cnfO{ ldyfOn ;NkmfO8 of}lus aG5 / o;nfO{ z/L/n] krfpg ;Sb}g . of] /utdf

ldl;G5 / laleGg dfWod eP/ z/L/af6 aflx/ cfpF5 . xl/of ;fukftdf kfOg] Snf]/f]lkmnn] cnfO{ ldyfOn ;NkmfO8nfO{ z/L/af6 lgsfNg ;xof]u u/L n;'gsf] uGw sd u5{ . To;}u/L ufpF3/sf] h8La'6L k'lbgfdf ljleGg /f]usf] c;fdfGo pkrf/fTds u'0f /x]sf] 5 . cg';Gwfgn] b]vfP 5, s]xL k|sf/sf k'lbgfn] SofG;/ / ljls/0fn] :jf:Yodf kg]{ xflgaf6 ;'/Iff lbg] u5{g\ . k'lbgdf /f]u nfUgaf6 hf]ufpg] u'0f dfq xf]Og k]6sf] ;d:of Ol/6]an afpn l;G8«fd ] sf] cj:yfdf kLl8tnfO{ o;n] /fxt klg lbG5 . a}1flgs gfd d]Gyf lkk]l/6f -lkk/d]G6_ ePsf] k'lbgfdf kof{Kt dfqfdf le6fldg P, ;L, aL !@ / s] tyf kmf]lns Pl;8, lyofldg / l/af]km'nfleg kfOG5 . o;cltl/Qm z/L/nfO{ cTofjZos vlghx? SoflN;od, tfdf, km\nf]/fO8, kmnfd, kf]6fl;od, ;]n]lgod / lh+s klg k'lbgfdf pknAw x'G5 . k'lbgfdf kfOg] d]Gyf]n, d]Gyf]g / d]Gyf]n Pl;6]6 ;d]t :jf:YonfO{ nfebfos x'G5g\ . 35

k'lbgfsf] t]nn] Ol/6]an afpn l;G8«fd] af6 kLl8tnfO{ w]/} /fxt lbG5 . O6fnLsf cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] cfkm\gf] cg';Gwfgdf ;xefuLx?n] rf/ xKtf k'lbgfsf] t]nsf] SofK;'n vfgfn] &% k|ltzt ;xefuLx?df Ol/6]an afpn l;G8«fd] ;Fu ;DalGwt nIf0f w]/} lgsf] ePsf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . k'lbgfsf] d]Gyf]nn] SoflN;od Rofgn aGb u/]/ cfGb|fsf] leQfsf dfFzk];Ldflysf] bafa s dug]{ ljZjf; ul/G5 . o;}n] k'lbgf vfgfn] k]6 b'Vg] / P]7gsf] ;d:of sd x'G5 eg] emf8fkvfnf / slAhot;Fu ;DaGwLt ;d:ofdf /fxt ldN5 . ;g\ @)!) df ul/Psf] Ps cg';Gwfgn] k'lbgfsf] t/nn] cjoj Sofg;/ / ljls/0fsf] k|efjlj?4 sfd ug]{ kfOPsf] lyof] . cfGb|f / kfrg k|0ffnLnfO{ ljls/0fsf] k|efjaf6 arfpg] / 8LPgPdfkm{t k|lqmofdf ;xof]u ug]{ k'lbgfn] KoflGqmofh / sn]hf]sf] 6\od" /df ljz]if kmfObf k'¥ofpF5 . 5fnf, kmf]S;f] / 7"nf] cfGb|fsf] SofG;/nfO{ klg /f]Sg k'lbgfn] d2t ub{5 . k'lbgfsf] Ps k|sf/ :snSofk a/af6n] 6\od" /nfO{ s'kf]lift ug{] ;fnkmf]8{ ljZjljBfnosf] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf]

k|yd kfOnf

vf]h 5 . 6\od" /df kf]if0f k'¥ofpg] /QmgnLdf o;n] cfqmd0f ub{5 . h;n] ubf{ 6\od" /df clS;hg / kf]ifs tTjsf] cefj x'g hfG5 . o; qmddf ;fdfGo /QmgnLdf c;/ k'Ub}g . lrlgofF pkrf/ k2ltdf o;sf] k|of]u x'bF } cfPsf] 5 . aLaL;Ln] klg SofG;/hGo sf]ifnfO{ d[To';Dd k'¥ofpg k'lbgfsf] dxTj af/]df pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .

k|fs[lts pkrf/

/]rg s] xf] < 8f= cfbz{ k|wfg clxn] ljZjd} dflg;x? :jf:Yo k|lt al9 ;r]t x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . hlt–hlt cTofw'lgs c:ktfnx? aflg/x]sf 5g\,Tolts} cg'kftdf dflg;x?nfO{ gofF– gofF /f]u nfUg] qmd klg al9/x]sf] 5 . w]/h } ;f] /f]uLx? c:ktfn uP/ klg /f]u l7s ePsf] kfOb}g\ . c:ktfndf cTofw'lgs pks/0fx?af6 /f]usf] kl/If0f t x'G5 t/ /f]uLsf] /f]u lgbfg cToGt Go'g ?kdf e}O/x]sf] 5 . d]l8sn ;f+OG;n] klg o; laifodf cg';Gwfg ufl//x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] t clxn] d]l8sn ;fO{G;n] klg æ/f]unfO{ xf]Og{ , /f]uLnfO{ pkrf/ ug{' kb{5 Æeg]/ w]/} l/kf]6x{ ? ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf cg';f/ Pp6} /f]u nfu]sf] b'O{ AolQmx?nfO{ ul/Psf] ;Dk"0f{ k/LIf0fdf Pp6} ;d:of b]lvof], l/kf]6{ klg Pp6} lgl:sof] . t/ b'j} /f]uLnfO{ Pp6} cf}ifwLn] l7s kfg{ ;s]g . To;}n] pgLx? klg /f]unfO{ eGbf klg /f]uLnfO{ pkrf/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/fdf ;xdt ePsf 5g\ . z/L/ / dg aLrsf] ;DaGw z/L/ / dg aLr Psbd glhssf] ;DaGw 5 . s'g} klg s'/f dgdf x'G5 eg] pQm s'/fsf] c;/ z/L/df b]vf kb{5 . To:t} s'g} klg s'/f zl//df x'G5 eg] pQm s'/fsf] c;/ dgdf kb{5 . w]/} /f]ux? zfl//Ls eGbf klg dfgl;s ofg]sL dgaf6 cfPsf] x'G5 . To;}n] xfdLn] hlt zl// kl/If0f u/fpFbf, cf}ifwL vFfbf klg lgsf] x'g g;Sg'sf] sf/0f olx xf] . dgdf s]lx x'g;fy zl//df tTsfn} c;/ k'Ug hfG5 . xfd|f] dgdf ba]sf ljrf/, a]ux?af6 xfd|f] zl//df /f]u nfUg] ub{5 . t/ xfdL nIf0fsf] pkrf/ ul//x]sf x'G5f+} . ha;Dd /f]usf] d'n sf/0f sf] pkrf/ x'bg} tj;Dd /f]u alNem/xG5 . ctM /f]usf] d'n sf/0f t xfd|} dg xf] . To;}n] dgsf] k|yd kfOnf

la/fdLn] ubf{ xfd|f] zl//df /f]usf u|GyL k}bf ul/lbG5 . pQm cgfjZos u|GyLn] zl//sf] /Qm;~rf/ b]lv lnP/ zl//sf] c+ux?n] ug{] sfo{ Ifdtfdf afwf k'¥ofpFb5 . o;/L xfd|f] zl//df /f]u a9\b} hfG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf zl//df lk8f x'g ;Sb5, zl//df ljleGg ;Dj]bgfx? x'g ;Sb5 . xfdL 5'6o\ fpg ;Sb}gf}+ sL of] ;d:of zl//af6 pAh]sf] sL dgaf6 < ;'?df xfdL pkrf/sf] nflu c:ktfn hfg ;S5f} t/ pkfrf/n] nfe ePg eg] xfdLn] dgaf6 cfPsf] /f]u eg]/ hfGg ;Sb5f} . dgnfO{ ;kmf ug]{ ljlw – /]rg /]rg ofg]sL s}yf/l;; clxn]sf] dflg;x?nfO{ clt cfjZos ljlw xf] . of] ljlw s'g} l;4fGt ,wd{df cfwfl/t 5}g . of] k|of]usf] nflu agfPsf] k|fs[lts ljlw xf] . xfd|f] z/L/df r]tg jf cr]tg ?kdf xhf/f} ;+jb] gf, efjx? bj]sf x'G5g\ . pQm s'/fx? dgaf6 lgsfNg] lqmof g} /]rg jf s}yf/l;; xf] . jRrfx?nfO{ s'g} s'/f dg k/]g jf dfu k'/f ePg eg] pgLx? tTsfn} /f]P/, s/fP/ lrRofP/ cfkm\gf] lk8fnfO{ alx/ kmflnlbG5g\ . To;}n] t s]xL If0fd} v'zL eP/ af]Ng yfNb5 . xfdLn] s]xL s'/f dg k/]g eg] g t ?g ;S5f} g t s/fpg g} ;S5f} . xfdLnfO{ ;dfhn] s] eGnf eGg] 8/ x'G5 . xfd|f] lbgrof{nfO{ xf];k"js { x]g{] xf] eg] xhf/f+} ljrf/x?nfO{ bjfPsf] x'G5f} . To;}n] xfdL slxNo} dfgl;s ?kdf :j:y x'g ;s]sf] x'bg} . /]rg ug]{ tl/sf • /]rgsf] nflu km';b{ ePsf] s'g} lbg k/]/ sf]7f aGb u/]/ PSn} a:g ;lsG5 . • cfkm"nfO{ xf]; k"js { lgofNg] . z/L/df s] eO{/x]sf] 37

5 hfGg] . • dgdf s] e}/x]sf] 5 eg]/ x]g{] . k|To]s lqmofsnfk nfO{ l:jsf/ efjn] x]b{} hfg] ug'{ kb{5 . • zfGt eP/ x]b{ } hfg] . Tolta]nf z/L/ cfkm} rNg vf]Hg], sDkg x'gvf]Hg] cflb x'g ;S5 . sf]xLnfO{ ?g lrRofpg, s/fpg dg nfUg] klg x'g ;S5 . h] ug{ dg nfU5, ub}{ hfg] . s'g} s'/fnfO{ /f]Sg' kb}g{ . • To; kl5 zfGt eP/ a:g] . /] r g ljlw cToGt ;/n a} 1 flgs ljlw xf] . dflg;x?nfO{ o:tf] ;/n ljlwn] klg 7"nf] sfd ug{ ;S5 eGg] z+sf klg nfUg ;Sb5 . /]rg dflxgfsf] Psrf]l6 k|To]s dflg;x?nfO{ ug{ h?/L 5 . Ps rf]l6 ubf{ ;kmntf

gldNb}df xtfl/g' kb}{g . ub}{ uPdf o;n] dlg;sf] r]tgf;DdnfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;Sb5 . /]rg ul/;s]kl5 dg leqsf] bj]sf] s'07f, efjx? lglSng] / z/L/sf] grflxg] u|GyLx? klg la;h{g x'g] ePsf]n] k'/fgf /f]ux? klg ;lhn} lgsf] x'g ;Sb5 . /]rg Snj cfjZos clxn] laleGg Snjx? agfpg] xf]8 rn]sf] a]nf /]rgnfO{ klg Snj agfP/ ;fd'lxs k|of]u ug{ ;Sof}+ eg] t o;n] :jf:y ;'wf/df qmflGt Nofpg ;Sb5 . o;nfO{ wd,{ bz{g;Fu ghf]8/] a}1flgs ?kdf k|lzIf0f lbb} hfg] xf] eg] :jf:ydf dfq xf]Og{ cfWoflTds ofqfdf klg 7"nf] ;xof]u ldNb5 .

dgf]a1 } flgs pkrf/ s]Gb| ;fOsf]nf]lhi6 lSnlgs

;a} k|sf/sf dgf]a1} flgs, dgf];fdflhs ;d:ofsf] ;kmn pkrf/sf nflu cfh} ;Dks{ u/f}+ . dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] ljifodf lgw{Ss s'/f u/f}+ . zf/Ll/s ;d:ofem}+ o;nfO{ klg ;xh?kdf :jLsf/ u/f}+ .

;a} lsl;dsf dfgl;s ;d:ofsf] pkrf/ ;Dej 5 . dfgl;s ;d:ofsf] plrt dgf]ljdz{{ ;dodf g} lng'xf];\ .

dfs{–g]kfn -dfgl;s ;r]tgf Pj+ cg';Gwfg s]Gb|_ sf7df8f},+ kmf]g g+=M (*!#%@&&#@ k|yd kfOnf