TABLE OF CONTENTS
Tabla de contenido THE INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 3 GREETINGS ............................................................................................................................... 4 Link: .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Exercise: .............................................................................................................................. 5 PHONETIC ................................................................................................................................. 6 Link: .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Exercise: .............................................................................................................................. 9 DAILY ROUTINE .................................................................................................................... 10 Link ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Exercise: ............................................................................................................................ 13 IMPERATIVE: .......................................................................................................................... 14 Link: ........................................................................................................................................ 16 Exercise : ........................................................................................................................... 16 ACCUSATIVE CASE ............................................................................................................... 17 Link: ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Exercise: ............................................................................................................................ 21 ANNEXES:................................................................................................................................. 21
THE INTRODUCTION This is a tutorial that offers some important topics about German language; here you can find the explication and examples to will help you to learn and understand better. The principally topics are:
Regards Daily routine Phonetic Imperative Accusative Case
Actually, in a globalized world like this, is necessary recording the importance to knows another language, because around our environment the business are moving constantly, it makes the change in the economy worldwide. For this reason, you can be successful in the moment when you close a negotiation with German people in a meeting, knowing the culture and having a lot of labor opportunities, while you gain money and learn some more. This is my first tutorial where you can see the basic topics, is easy to understand and practical, leastways I am sure that you will have a great reading. I hope to do someone different and deeper in each topic and news topics.
Enjoy it!
GREETINGS Here I show you the most important regards in German; also you can find some important expressions that are interesting to know. Regards = Die Grüße DIE GRÜßE:
Hello: Hallo Good morning: Guten Tag, Guten morgen Good Afternoon: Guten Abend Good night: Schönen Abend noch How are you?: Wie geht’s? Gut, fine: Danke, gut. What is your name?: Wie Heißt du? / Wie heißen Sie ? My name is___: Ich heiße _____ oder mein name ist______ Nice to meet you!: Nett, Sie kennen zu lernen! Please: Bitte Thanks: Vielen Danke Your welcome: Bitte schon Yes: Ja No: Nein Excuse me: Entschudilgen I am sorry: Es tut mir leid Good bye: Auf Wiedersehen Bye: Tschüß Do you speak German?: Sprichst du Deutsch? Help!: Hilfe! I don’t understand: Ich verstehe das nicht Where is the bathroom?: Wo ist die Toilette? Where are you from?: Woher kommst du? Support:
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular Ich (I) Du (you, formal) Er, sie, Es (He, She, It)
Plural Wir (We) Ihr (you ) Sie, sie (you informal and you)
With this link you can hear and pronounce this lection easier, and know some new expressions.
Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnIVdptdgPQ&feature=youtube_gdata_playe r Exercise: http://quizlet.com/6409828/german-introductions-flash-cards/
PHONETIC The pronunciation of German seems to be not too difficult. A bit more challenging is the German grammar, but we will come to this a bit later. The German language has about 48 different sounds. We just have a look at some that might seem a bit strange to somebody not having German as a mother tongue. So, see the table: The alphabet: DAS ALPHABET:
The ä is still not too difficult. In normal spoken language, it cannot be differentiated between ä and e. The short ä sounds like in the English words let, men or gender. The ö is a sound similar to an o, but the lips are put a bit more together, it's actually the sound that is in murder, burden, für. The ü might be the most difficult one because there is nothing alike in the English language. Imagine that u meets a long ee, lips formed like you would like to whistle and then instead of whistling put some voice into it. PRACTICE: Use the chart below to spell your name (first and last names) in German, using the German alphabet and the German spelling code (Buchstabiertafel). Remember that the German formula is “A wie Anton.” Das Funkalphabet German compared to the international ICAO/NATO Germany* Phonetic Guide A wie Anton AHN-tone Ä wie Ärger AIR-gehr B wie Berta BARE-tuh C wie Cäsar SAY-zar Ch wie Charlotte shar-LOT-tuh D wie Dora DORE-uh E wie Emil ay-MEAL F wie Friedrich FREED-reech G wie Gustav GOOS-tahf H wie Heinrich HINE-reech I wie Ida EED-uh J wie Julius YUL-ee-oos K wie Kaufmann KOWF-mann L wie Ludwig LOOD-vig M wie Martha MAR-tuh N wie Nordpol NORT-pole O wie Otto AHT-toe Ö wie Ökonom (2) UEH-ko-nome P wie Paula POW-luh Q wie Quelle KVEL-uh R wie Richard REE-shart S wie Siegfried (3) SEEG-freed Sch wie Schule SHOO-luh ß (Eszett) ES-TSET T wie Theodor TAY-oh-dore U wie Ulrich OOL-reech Ü wie Übermut UEH-ber-moot V wie Viktor VICK-tor W wie Wilhelm VIL-helm
Phonetic
Spelling
ICAO/NATO** Alfa/Alpha (1) Bravo Charlie (1) Delta Echo Foxtrot Golf Hotel India/Indigo Juliet Kilo Lima Mike November Oscar (1) Papa Quebec Romeo Sierra (1) (1) Tango Uniform (1) Victor Whiskey
Code
X wie Xanthippe KSAN-tipp-uh X-Ray Y wie Ypsilon IPP-see-lohn Yankee Z wie Zeppelin TSEP-puh-leen Zulu For a full explanation of German phonetic spelling code and its history. Notes: 1. Germany and some other NATO countries add codes for their unique letters of the alphabet.
2. In Austria the German word for that country (Österreich) replaces the official "Ökonom." See more variations in the chart below. 3. "Siegfried" is widely used instead of the more official "Samuel." *Austria and Switzerland have some variations of the German code. See below. **The IACO (International Civil Aviation Organization) and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) spelling code is used internationally (in English) by pilots, radio operators, and others who need to clearly communicate information. Print this page (without ads) German Phonetic Spelling Code Country Variations (German) Germany Austria Switzerland D wie Dora D wie Dora D wie Daniel K wie Kaufmann K wie Konrad K wie Kaiser Ö wie Ökonom Ö wie Österreich Ö wie Örlikon (1) P wie Paula P wie Paula P wie Peter Ü wie Übermut Ü wie Übel Ü wie Übermut X wie Xanthippe X wie Xaver X wie Xaver Z wie Zeppelin (2) Z wie Zürich Z wie Zürich Notes: 1. Örlikon (Oerlikon) is a quarter in the northern part of Zurich. It is also the name of a 20mm cannon first developed during WWI. 2. The official German code word is the name "Zacharias," but it is rarely used. These country variations may be optional.
Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Qjg1WHAqe4&feature=youtube_gdata_play er Exercise: http://www.languageguide.org/german/alphabet/ http://german.about.com/library/anfang/blanf01abcex1.htm
DAILY ROUTINE I am going to show you “the form present”, in German: “präsens” in some sentences, the structure and the way to have coherence when you are speaking or writing your own routine or some different. Daily Routine: DIE TAGESABLAUF
Um 5:00 uhr kinglet der wecker. Sara Wackt auf. Sie möchte nicht austehen. Sie steht nicht gern auf. Sie bleibt 10 minute liegen, danach sie aufstehe langsam. Sie putzt ihre zähne. Dann duscht Sara. Darauf zieht sie sich an. Danach, beraitet sie Kaffe vor. Später ruft sie Mark an. Er sagt, dass era sie abhotV At 5:00 o’clock alarm clock sounds. Sara wake up. She doesn’t want to get up, she doesn’t want it. She is 10 minute ins Bett, after she wake up slowly. She washes his teeth. After she dresses and she prepares coffe. Later, she calls Mark. He ask her if she is ready nowV The tips to do a daily routine in German are: In a topic like Daily Routine the vocabulary is fairly straightforward, so you might be asked to listen carefully for exact details, in order to get your mark. In this exercise the challenge lies in understanding exactly what time each thing happened, fewer than two different circumstances. Remember that the 24-hour clock is used much more in Germany. Sometimes it is particularly difficult to understand, because a time like 23.59 in German will be spoken in the order of 'three and twenty hours, nine and fifty'.
This is another example of daily routine in German and the traduction: Normalerweise stehe ich um sieben Uhr dreißig auf. Ich frühstücke schnell um acht und ich verlasse um acht Uhr fünfzehn das Haus, denn die Schule beginnt um Viertel vor neun. Ich esse um ein Uhr und ich bin um Viertel nach vier wieder zu Hause. Normally I get up at 7.30. I eat breakfast quickly at 8 and I leave the house at 8.15, because school begins at quarter to nine. I eat at one and at quarter past four I am at home again. Letzten Monat habe ich mein Arbeitspratikum gemacht und meine Routine war ganz anders. Ich musste schon um halb sieben aufstehen und das Haus um Viertel nach sieben verlassen. Last month I did my work experience and my routine was completely different. I had to get up at 6.30 and leave the house at quarter past seven. Die Arbeit hat um acht Uhr fünfzehn angefangen, aber man konnte vorher schon um sieben Uhr fünfzig in der Kantine frühstücken. Die Mittagspause war um zwölf und ich bin um achtzehn Uhr wieder nach Hause gekommen. Work began at 8.15 but you could eat breakfast before at 7.50 in the canteen. The lunch break was at 12 and I got home at 6pm.
Ich stehe um sechs Uhr auf. Das ist früh. Ich wasche mich um zehn nach sechs und ich ziehe mich um halb sieben an. Ich frühstücke um Viertel vor sieben. Ich esse Toast und ich trinke Tee. Das ist lecker. Ich putze um Viertel nach sieben meine Zähne. Ich verlasse um acht Uhr das Haus. Die Schule beginnt um Viertel vor neun. Das ist spät. Die Schule endet um 25 Minuten vor vier. Das ist auch spät! Ich komme um Viertel vor fünf nach Hause. Ich mache um fünf Uhr meine Hausaufgaben. Das ist furchtbar. Ich treffe mich um sechs Uhr mit Freunden. Das ist wunderbar. Ich esse um halb acht mein Abendessen. Ich esse Spagetti und Tomatensoße und ich trinke Limonade. Ich sehe um neun Uhr fern. Ich sehe gern Dokumentarfilme. Ich gehe um halb zwölf ins Bett. Das ist spät!
fr체h = early lecker = delicious/yummy sp채t = late auch = also Ich esse = I eat Ich sehe gern = I like watching Ich trinke = I drink
Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDa98etBzjc&list=PL9FF442235F356635&in dex=3&feature=plpp_video Exercise: http://quizlet.com/8162668/hobbys-und-spielen-flash-cards/
IMPERATIVE: Most grammar books only introduce the formation of imperatives, but not its use. But when thinking about it in some detail you can notice that the imperative is not only for orders, but has many other functions as well. Still, don't worry the German imperative works in its use the same way like the English one. Have a look at these phrases a) Do it! Now! b) Do it if you want to. The phrase a) is an order. One person gives an order to another one that is supposedly a subordinate. Phrase b) uses the same form but in a different sense. There is no order, but only a statement. In German as well as in English an imperative can only be used for some persons, as it is quite clear that one can hardly give an order to oneself. As for the first person plural there are even two forms. The German imperative has five basic forms that are used also nowadays, the second person singular and plural, the first and third person plural for the formal forms. If necessary there are auxiliary constructions to form the other persons
Formation of the imperative:
1. The "du" form of the imperative is formed by dropping the final "-en" of the infinitive and adding "-e" to the end of the word. This "-e" ending is usually dropped in spoken German and quite often in written German as well. 2. The "-e" ending on the "du" imperative is always kept with verbs whose stem end in "-d", "-t", "-ig" and "-m" or "-n" after another consonant. See for example the verb "warten" (= to wait) in the table above. 3. Verbs whose infinitive ends in "-eln" drop the "-e" of the stem in the "du" imperative but not in the "ihr" and "Sie" forms. See the verb "handeln" (= to act) in the table above. 4. The "ihr" form of the imperative is exactly the same as the "ihr" form of the regular present tense. 5. The "Sie" form of the imperative is exactly the same as the "Sie" form of the regular present tense BUT the word order is reversed - the verb always precedes the pronoun. 6. Note in particular that the "Sie" form of the imperative is the only one in which the pronoun is used in the command; you must omit the pronoun in the "du" and "ihr" forms.
IMPERATIVE FORMS Infinitive
root
imperative imperative second first plural singular
kommen komm- komm
imperative imperative imperative second formal formal plural singular plural
geh-
geh
kommen kommt wir let us come come gehen wir geht
singen
sing-
go sing
let us go singen wir
schlafen
schlaf-
sing schlaf
let us sing sing schlafen schlaft wir let us sleep sleep
come gehen
sleep
go singt
kommen Sie come
kommen Sie come
gehen Sie
gehen Sie
go go singen Sie singen Sie sing schlafen Sie sleep
sing schlafen Sie sleep
Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YGZ3PGRGbto&feature=youtube_gdata_pla yer Exercise : http://class.georgiasouthern.edu/german/grammar/gr-imp.htm
ACCUSATIVE CASE In English the accusative case is known as the objective case (direct object). In German you can tell that a noun is in the accusative case by the masculine article, which changes from der/ein to den/einen. (Since the accusative only changes in the masculine gender, you don't need to worry about the feminine, neuter or plural.) The masculine pronoun er (he) changes to ihn (him), in much the same way as English. In the examples below, the accusative (direct object) word is in red: Der Hund beißt den Mann. The dog bites the man. Er beißt ihn. He (the dog) bites him (the man). Den Mann beißt der Hund. The dog bites the man. Beißt der Hund den Mann? Is the dog biting the man? Beißt den Mann der Hund? Is the dog biting the man? The direct object (accusative) functions as the receiver of the action of a transitive verb. In the examples above, the man is acted upon by the dog, receives the action of the subject ("dog"). To give a few more transitive verb examples, when you buy (kaufen) something or have (haben) something, the "something" is a direct object. The subject (the person buying or having) is acting on some object. Accusative Case (Direct Object)
Masculine den
Feminine die
Neuter das
Plural die
den neuen Wagen the new car
die schöne Stadt the beautiful city
das alte Auto the old car
die neuen Bücher the new books
Masculine einen
Feminine eine
Neuter ein
Plural keine
einen neuen Wagen a new car
eine schöne Stadt a beautiful city
ein altes Auto an old car
keine neuen Bücher no new books
There are some prepositions that always are with the accusative case: für, bis, durch, gegen, ohne, um, entlang. In the next tutorial, I will show you more cases and you can understand the relation between this case, and the others three.
The German accusative case is used when the noun/pronoun is the direct object of the sentence, that is, the person or thing affected by the action or the verb. Endings in the Accusative case Except for the masculine gender, endings in the accusative case are exactly similar to those in the nominative case.
Endings in the Accusative case Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural Definite Articles
den
die
das
die
Indefinite Articles
einen
eine
ein
-
Negative Articles
keinen
keine
kein
keine
Possessive Articles
meinen
meine
mein
meine
Personal Pronouns Most of the personal pronouns make a change from the nominative case to the accusative case, as shown in the next table: Accusative Personal Pronouns Singular Pronoun
Plural Pronoun
mich
me
uns
us
dich
you informal
euch
you informal
sie
they
Sie
you formal
ihn/sie/es him/her/it
you - formal
Sie
Accusative case after certain verbs: Nearly all of the German verbs that can take a direct object take the accusative, which is expected, as the accusative is the direct object of the sentence. Such verbs are called 'transitive verbs'. Accusative case after certain prepositions: Certain prepositions always take the accusative case, no matter what position or role the noun plays in the sentence, and even if there will be more than one accusative noun within the sentence. Accusative Prepositions bis
until
durch
through
f端r
for
gegen
against
ohne
without
um
around, at
Interrogatives in the Accusative Case In the accusative, the interrogative pronoun 'wer' becomes 'wen', and the interrogative 'welcher' is declined according to the noun it's attached to. 'Welcher' in the Accusative Case
Accusative
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Plural
welchen
welche
welche
welches
Examples: Here are a few example sentences in which the accusative nouns/pronouns are pointed out: Ich kaufe einen G端rtel f端r meinen Vater - I'm buying a belt for my father Er trinkt ein Bier - He's drinking a beer Ich habe keinen Hunger - I'm not hungry Wir sind gegen die Idee - We are against the idea
Support:
Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHYt6hEFd9w&feature=youtube_gdata_play er Exercise: http://german.about.com/library/anfang/blanfang11b.htm ANNEXES:
This is an important material to know more about de German language. There are a few parts that show you basic expressions that are necessaries to understand the tutorial. PRONUNCIATION
German Vowels [i] viel [y] kühl [ɪ] Tisch [ʏ] hübsch [e] Tee [ø] schön [ɛ] Bett [œ] zwölf [a] Mann [ɑ] kam [u] gut [ʊ] muss [o] Sohn [ɔ] Stock [ə] bitte [ɐ] Wetter
English Pronunciation meet, eat ee rounded / long vowel mitt, it ih rounded / short vowel mate, wait ay rounded / long vowel met, wet eh rounded / short vowel mop, not ah / longer vowel than [a] boot, suit put, soot coat, goat caught, bought cut, what uhr / also short vowel like [ə]
Notice that words spelled with ö and ü can be pronounced with a long or short vowel, so determining the pronunciation based on the spelling is not possible. The other umlauted letter, ä, is generally pronounced as [e], though it can be pronounced as [ɛ] in some dialects. A general rule for pronunciation, however, states that the short vowels / ɪ ʏ ʊ ɛ ɔ / must be followed by a consonant, whereas the long vowels / i y u e ø o / can occur at the end of the syllable or word. English Pronunciation German Diphthongs [aɪ]
ein, mein
eye, buy, why
[aʊ]
auf, kaufen
cow, now, how
[ɔɪ]
neu, Gebäude
toy, boy, foil
GERMAN CONSONANTS
There are a few German consonants that do not exist in English, and some consonant combinations that are not common in English. Notice that the pronunciation of the German r changes according to the location in the countries that speak German, i.e. [R] in northern Germany and [r] in southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Spelling
IPA
ch (with vowels e and i) ch (with vowels a, o, u)
[ç]
pf
[pf]
z
[ts]
j
[j]
qu
[kv]
st / sp (at beginning of syllable) sch
[ʃt] / [ʃp] [ʃ]
th
[t]
v
[f]
w
[v]
ß
[s]
s (before vowel)
[z]
[x]
Sample words Chemie, mich, nicht Buch, lachen, kochen Apfel, Pferd, Pfanne Zeit, Zug, Tanz ja, Januar, Junge Quote, Quiz, Quitte Stadt, sprechen schenken, schlafen Theater, Thron Vater, verboten Wasser, warm Straße, groß Salz, seit, Sitz
How to pronounce: Make yuh sound voiceless (no vibration of vocal cords) Make kuh sound a fricative (continuous airflow) Pronounce together as one sound
Pronounce together as one sound yuh kv
sht / shp sh t f v s z
In addition, the sounds [b], [d], and [g] lose their voicing at the end of a syllable, so they are pronounced as their voiceless counterparts [p], [t], and [k], respectively. However, the spelling does not reflect the pronunciation. NOUNS & CASES
All nouns have a gender in German, either masculine, feminine or neuter. There really isn't a lot of logic to which nouns are which gender, so you must memorize the gender of each noun. 1. Male persons or animals, the seasons, months, and days are all masculine, as are nouns ending in -ant, -ast, -ich, -ig, -ismus, -ling, -or and -us. 2. Female persons or animals, and numerals are all feminine, as are nouns ending in -a, -anz, -ei, -enz, -heit, -ie, -ik, -in, -keit, -schaft, -sion, -sis, -t채t, -tion, -ung and -ur. 3. Young persons or animals, metals, chemical elements, letters of the alphabet, hotels, restaurants, cinemas, continents, countries and provinces are all neuter, as are nouns that end in -chen, -icht, -il, -it, -lein, -ma, -ment, -tel, tum, and -um. Nouns referring to things that end in -al, -an, -ar, -채t, -ent, -ett, ier, -iv, -o and -on, as well as most words with the prefix ge- and most nouns ending in -nis and -sal are also neuter. All nouns in German are capitalized in writing. All nouns (as well as pronouns and adjectives) have a case depending on what function they serve in the sentence. These may seem strange, but remember that English uses cases also; however, we would say direct object instead of accusative, or indirect object instead of dative. Although these cases may make learning new words difficult, they actually help with word order because the position of words in a sentence is not as fixed in German as it is in English. And the reason for that is because words can occur in these four cases: Nominative subject of the sentence Accusative direct objects
Dative
indirect objects
Genitive
indicates possession or relationship
The girl is reading. We see the mountain. I bought a gift. We talk to the guide. I gave my mom a gift. The book of the girl. The dog's tail.
The nouns you look up in a dictionary will be in the nominative case.
ARTICLES & DEMONSTRATIVES
Nominative Accusative Dative Genitive
Nom. Acc. Dat. Gen.
Nom. Acc. Dat. Gen.
Definite Articles (The) Masculine Feminine der (dare) die (dee) den (dane) die dem (dame) der des (dess) der
Neuter das (dahs) das dem des
Indefinite Articles (A, An) Masculine Feminine ein (ine) eine (ine-uh) einen (ine-en) eine einem (ine-em) einer(ine-er) eines (ine-es) einer
Plural die die den der
Neuter ein ein einem eines
Demonstratives (This, That, These, Those) This / These That / Those Masc. Fem. Neu. Pl. Masc. Fem. Neu. dieser diese dieses diese der die das diesen diese dieses diese den die das diesem dieser diesem diesen dem der dem dieses dieser dieses dieser des der des
Pl. die die den der
Jener is an older word found in written German that was used to mean that or those, but today in spoken German the definite articles are used. Dort or da may accompany the definite articles for emphasis. Das is also a universal demonstrative and therefore shows no agreement. Notice the last letter of each of the words above. They correspond to the last letters of the words for the definite articles. Words that are formed this same way are called der-words because they follow the pattern of the derdie-das declension. Other der-words are: jeder-every, and welcherwhich. Mancher(many) and solcher (such) are also der-words, but they are used almost always in the plural
TO BE, TO HAVE, & TO BECOME
I am
Present tense of sein - to be (zine) ich bin ikh bin we are
you are (familiar) he/she/it is
du bist
doo bihst
you (plural) are they/you (formal) are
er/sie/es ist
air/zee/ess isst
I was
ich war
Past tense of sein ikh var we were
you were (familiar) he/she/it was
du warst
doo varst
er/sie/es war
air/zee/es var
you (plural) were they/you (formal) were
wir sind ihr seid sie/Sie sind
veer zint eer zide zee zint
wir waren ihr wart
veer vah-ren eer vart
sie/Sie waren
zee vah-ren
Present tense of haben - to have (hah-ben) ich habe
hah-buh
wir haben
hah-ben
du hast
hahst
ihr habt
hahbt
er/sie/es hat
haht
sie/Sie haben
hah-ben
Past tense of haben ich hatte
hah-tuh
wir hatten
hah-ten
du hattest
hah-test
ihr hattet
hah-tet
er/sie/es hatte
hah-tuh
sie/Sie hatten
hah-ten
Haben is frequently used in expressions that would normally take to be in English. Ich habe Hunger. = I am hungry. Ich hatte Durst. = I was thirsty. Ich habe Langeweile. = I am bored. Ich hatte Heimweh. = I was homesick. Ich habe Angst. = I am afraid. In everyday speech, the final -e on the ich conjugations can be dropped: ich hab' or hab' ich
USEFUL WORDS
and but very or here also both some only
und aber sehr oder hier auch beide etwas nur
oont ah-ber zair oh-der here owkh by-duh eht-vahss noor
isn't it? too bad gladly immediately sure(ly) but, rather finally right! anyway
nicht wahr? schade gern sofort sicher(lich) sondern schlieĂ&#x;lich stimmt Ăźberhaupt
again hopefully
wieder hoffentlich
enough exact(ly)
genug genau
between therefore a lot, many really together
zwischen deshalb viel(e)
vee-der hoh-fentlikh zvish-en des-halp feel(uh)
nikht vahr shah-duh gehrn zoh-fort zikh-er-likh zohn-dehrn shleess-likh shtimt oo-berhowpt guh-nook guh-now
sometimes always never
manchmal immer nie
mahnch-mal im-er nee
often of course
oft klar
ohft klahr
all now
wirklich veerk-lish zusammen tsoo-zahmen alle ahl-luh jetzt yetst
perhaps a little
so another already
also noch ein schon
a little not at all not a bit
vielleicht fee-likht ein bisschen ine bisskhen ein wenig ine vay-nikh gar nicht gar nikht kein kine bissbisschen khen
al-zoh nohkh ine shone
Es gibt is commonly used to mean there is/are and it is always followed by the accusative case. QUESTION WORDS vehr Who wer
Where wo
voh
Whom (acc.) Whom (dat.) How come Where from Where to
wie
vee
Which
What
was
Why
warum vahroom wann vahn
When
How
vahs
wen
vain
wem
vaim
wieso
vee-zo
woher
vo-hair
wohin
vo-hin
welche/r/-s
velshuh/er/es
Finally, you can participate in my Audio-Forum, here I leave my link: Voxopop : http://www.voxopop.com/group/1ddd0065-2f14-48d7-8e8b5ab43f815110 Also, if you want to start some different topic, just tell me, this site is to be better and interact with new people that are learning like you!